docs(changelog): add the #1719 fragment

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.2 <[email protected]>

DATA_SOURCES.md

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 # Data Sources & Attribution
 
-God's Eye View's **code** is [MIT](LICENSE)-licensed. **The MIT grant covers the source code only — it does NOT extend to third-party data or visual assets.** Every third-party source keeps its own license and terms. This file documents the live and bundled data sources; bundled 3D-model provenance is recorded in [`public/models/README.md`](public/models/README.md).
+God's Eye View's **code** is [MIT](LICENSE)-licensed. **The MIT grant covers the source code only — it does NOT extend to third-party data or visual assets.** Every third-party source keeps its own license and terms. This file documents the live and bundled data sources. The bundled 3D models are the project's own procedural fleet models, MIT-licensed with the code ([`public/models/README.md`](public/models/README.md)).
 
 How to read this:
 
 - **The non-permissive datasets are carved out, not omitted.** Some bundled data (e.g. TeleGeography, CC BY-NC-SA) isn't MIT-compatible. Rather than hide it, we **bundle it with a clear license carve-out** so the app works out of the box — but it stays under the provider's terms.
 - **If your use doesn't fit a dataset's license, remove that dataset.** Most importantly: TeleGeography is **NonCommercial** — commercial users must delete it (or license it from TeleGeography). It's one self-contained folder.
 - **Attribution is shown in-app** and listed here. Keep it intact. The required Google/Cesium credit renders on the on-globe credit line (bottom-left, `#cesium-credits`), and every per-layer credit below is registered into the expandable **"Data attribution"** lightbox on that line (`src/data/dataCredits.js` → `viewer.creditDisplay.addStaticCredit`). Both stay visible in clean-view and recording modes.
-- **Bundled model attribution lives beside the model files.** [`public/models/README.md`](public/models/README.md) records each shipped model's creator, source, license, and modification status.
+- **The bundled 3D models are the project's own.** Every model under `public/models/` is a procedural fleet model generated by the project maintainers and covered by the repository's MIT license; [`public/models/README.md`](public/models/README.md) describes the set.
 
 ---
 
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ How to read this:
 | **adsb.lol**                                                          | Military flights + aircraft traces                                                                                                  | ODbL 1.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | "adsb.lol" (ODbL)                                                                                                                           |
 | **adsbdb** (`api.adsbdb.com`) | Aircraft type, model name and registration by ICAO hex for enriched flights; airline and origin/destination airports for the tracked flight's callsign | No licence or rate limit is published for the service. Its own credits: aircraft data from PlaneBase, ICAO-to-N-number conversion by Guillaume Michel, and flight route data that "is the work of David Taylor, Edinburgh and Jim Mason, Glasgow, and may not be copied, published, or incorporated into other databases without the explicit permission of David J Taylor, Edinburgh" | "adsbdb — api.adsbdb.com" (courtesy); route data credited to David Taylor, Edinburgh, and Jim Mason, Glasgow |
 | **Planespotters.net** (`api.planespotters.net/pub/photos/hex/{hex}`) | One thumbnail photo of the tracked aircraft, by ICAO hex, in the CONTEXT panel's CONTACTS view under the tracked flight's name | [Planespotters photo API terms](https://www.planespotters.net/photo/api); each photo remains the copyright of its photographer. Thumbnails may be hotlinked on the condition that the photographer is named next to the photo and the photo links to its Planespotters page with a followable link | "Photo © {photographer}" beside every photo that names one, linked to its Planespotters page; "Planespotters.net" in Data attribution |
+| **Open Vessel Photos** (`openvesselphotos.org/v1/mmsi/{mmsi}`) | One photo of the selected vessel, by MMSI, in the CONTEXT panel's CONTACTS view under the vessel's name and MMSI | Free, keyless public API ([README](https://github.com/louptheron/openvesselphotos)); each photo keeps the open licence its author chose (CC BY, CC BY-SA, CC0, or public domain), given with it in the API | "Photo: {photographer} · {licence}" beside every photo, linked to the vessel's Open Vessel Photos page; "Open Vessel Photos" in Data attribution |
 | **AISStream.io**                                                      | Live vessels (AIS)                                                                                                                  | Free, beta, no formal ToS; AIS is a public broadcast                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | "AISStream.io" (courtesy)                                                                                                                   |
 | **CelesTrak**                                                         | Satellite TLEs (SGP4) and SATCAT records (object type, operational status, owner) that file each satellite under a class                                                                                                            | US-government-origin data, no license; citation requested                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | "CelesTrak (celestrak.org), Dr. T.S. Kelso"                                                                                                 |
 | **The Space Devs — Launch Library 2 v2.3**                            | Recent launch, payload, stage, and recovery metadata for Space Missions (30d)                                                       | [The Space Devs terms of use](https://github.com/TheSpaceDevs/Tutorials/blob/main/faqs/faq_TSD.md#terms-of-use): data may be used and shared in any form; avoid forwarding it without added value; attribution is encouraged (not mandatory). [Official API limits](https://ll.thespacedevs.com/docs/): 15 unauthenticated calls/hour; optional token | "Launch Library 2 — The Space Devs" (courtesy attribution)                                                                                  |
@@ -238,7 +239,8 @@ The optional Local ADS-B layer and the broadcast-FM receiver use radio you recei
 
 
 - **adsbdb enrichment.** `/api/adsbdb` resolves an ICAO hex to aircraft type, model name and registration, and the tracked flight's callsign to an airline and an origin/destination pair. Fan-out is deliberately small because adsbdb is a free community API that publishes no quota: at most 4 requests in flight, dispatches dripped to roughly 5/s, and each key asked for at most once per session (for the flights layer's enrichment, a lookup that failed temporarily, such as an outage, a timeout, a rate limit or an authorization refusal that may clear, may be asked again after a 60-second cool-down; an answer, found or not, and a permanent refusal such as a 404 are final; Local ADS-B lookups are asked once), with route lookups reserved for the tracked aircraft. The dev-server proxy caches each key for 24 hours in `.gev-cache/adsbdb.json`, negative answers included, so fresh entries survive server restarts. That gitignored cache remains local to the deployment and is not bundled with this repo. adsbdb publishes no general service license; its README says the route data may not be copied, published, or incorporated into other databases without the explicit permission of David J Taylor, Edinburgh. Deployers are responsible for obtaining any permission their use requires. Enrichment is best-effort and fail-silent — a flight that gets no answer keeps what the flight feed already gave it.
-- **Planespotters photos.** When you track an aircraft, the browser asks `https://api.planespotters.net/pub/photos/hex/{hex}` directly (the API answers cross-origin, so no key and no server proxy are involved) for that aircraft only, once per hex per session, through the same enrichment queue as adsbdb, with an 8-second timeout. A miss is remembered for the session; a request that failed temporarily (an outage, the timeout or a rate limit) may be asked again after a 60-second cool-down while the aircraft stays tracked, as for the flights layer's other enrichment. Either way no photo shows meanwhile. The first photo whose image is an `https://` URL on `*.plnspttrs.net`, and whose page is an `https://www.planespotters.net` URL is shown in the CONTEXT panel's CONTACTS view, under the tracked flight's name (`src/ui/views/panels/AwarenessPanel.vue`), and nowhere else; a vessel, an installation, a military aircraft or a converted TR-3B has none, and a military aircraft or TR-3B is never looked up. Anything else is dropped, so the app never shows or links outside Planespotters (`src/data/planespottersPhoto.js`, also exported as `gods-eye-view/sources/planespotters` for servers that cache the lookup). The photo follows the attribution rules: the thumbnail is hotlinked from the URL the API gives (never copied or re-hosted), the photographer's name, when the answer gives one, is visible text next to it ("Photo © {photographer}"; a photo whose answer names no one shows no credit line), and the photo and credit are a plain link to the photo's Planespotters page with `target="_blank" rel="noopener"` and never `rel="nofollow"`. If the image fails to load, the photo and its credit are hidden.
+- **Planespotters photos.** When you track an aircraft, the browser asks `https://api.planespotters.net/pub/photos/hex/{hex}` directly (the API answers cross-origin, so no key and no server proxy are involved) for that aircraft only, once per hex per session, through the same enrichment queue as adsbdb, with an 8-second timeout. A miss is remembered for the session; a request that failed temporarily (an outage, the timeout or a rate limit) may be asked again after a 60-second cool-down while the aircraft stays tracked, as for the flights layer's other enrichment. Either way no photo shows meanwhile. The first photo whose image is an `https://` URL on `*.plnspttrs.net`, and whose page is an `https://www.planespotters.net` URL is shown in the CONTEXT panel's CONTACTS view, under the tracked flight's name (`src/ui/views/panels/AwarenessPanel.vue`), and nowhere else; a vessel (see Open Vessel Photos below), an installation, a military aircraft or a converted TR-3B has none, and a military aircraft or TR-3B is never looked up. Anything else is dropped, so the app never shows or links outside Planespotters (`src/data/planespottersPhoto.js`, also exported as `gods-eye-view/sources/planespotters` for servers that cache the lookup). The photo follows the attribution rules: the thumbnail is hotlinked from the URL the API gives (never copied or re-hosted), the photographer's name, when the answer gives one, is visible text next to it ("Photo © {photographer}"; a photo whose answer names no one shows no credit line), and the photo and credit are a plain link to the photo's Planespotters page with `target="_blank" rel="noopener"` and never `rel="nofollow"`. If the image fails to load, the photo and its credit are hidden.
+- **Open Vessel Photos.** When you select a vessel with a nine-digit MMSI, the browser asks `https://openvesselphotos.org/v1/mmsi/{mmsi}` directly (the API is keyless and answers cross-origin, so no key and no server proxy are involved; account credentials are never sent) for that vessel only, once per MMSI per session, with an 8-second timeout. A miss (a 404 or a vessel without photos) is remembered for the session; a failed request may be asked again after five minutes. The first photo whose image is an `https://openvesselphotos.org` URL and which names a licence is shown, at the 800 px size, in the CONTEXT panel's CONTACTS view under the vessel's name and MMSI (`src/ui/views/panels/AwarenessPanel.vue`), and nowhere else (`src/data/openVesselPhoto.js`, `src/layers/vessels/photos.js`). The image is hotlinked from the URL the API gives (never copied or re-hosted); the photographer and licence are visible text next to it ("Photo: {photographer} · {licence}", or "Photo · {licence}" when the answer names no one), and the photo and credit link to the vessel's Open Vessel Photos page with `target="_blank" rel="noopener"`. If the image fails to load, the photo and its credit are hidden.
 - **Launch Library 2.** `/api/launches` makes a server-side rolling-30-day query against the supported v2.3 detailed launch endpoint, caches successful responses for 15 minutes in memory and on disk, and serves the last successful response during a throttle or transient outage. Anonymous access is limited to 15 calls/hour; deployments can provide `LL2_API_TOKEN` for authenticated access. The Space Devs' published terms permit using and sharing the API data in any form, ask users not to forward it without adding value, disclaim complete accuracy, and encourage—but do not require—attribution. This app keeps a courtesy credit. Payload and stage/recovery records are shown only when supplied. Failed launches expose their source status and never receive fallback orbit geometry or a live/estimated marker. LL2 supplies launch context and event timing, not continuous ascent telemetry or live orbital state.
 - **TfL JamCams.** The camera list comes from the keyless `api.tfl.gov.uk` endpoint (an optional `TFL_APP_KEY` raises its rate limit); frames come from TfL's public S3 bucket. The "Powered by TfL Open Data" attribution is required by TfL's terms and is registered in the Data attribution popover.
 - **Ontario 511 CCTV.** The camera list comes from the `511on.ca/api/v2/get/cameras` endpoint, which now requires a free developer key (`ONTARIO_511_API_KEY`: sign up at 511on.ca/my511/register, then request it while logged in at 511on.ca/developers/doc; throttled to 10 calls a minute). Without the key the pack is skipped. Frames are server-registered still images under `511on.ca/map/Cctv/`. The source is live-fetched at runtime and attributed under the Open Government Licence - Ontario. Access is governed by Ontario 511's Developer's Access Agreement (511on.ca/developers/resources): the data stays under the Open Government Licence - Ontario unless otherwise specified; key requests are reviewed case by case and ask for the intended use and any third parties that will receive the data; attribution by link to 511on.ca is encouraged, and the Ontario 511 logo may not be altered or used to imply endorsement (this app links and shows no logo); and the data is provided "as is", a disclaimer distributors should pass on, which the credit does.
@@ -686,4 +688,4 @@ NOAA density imagery with the raw GLM product.
 
 ## In-app attribution
 
-The required Google Maps / Cesium credit renders on the on-globe credit line (`#cesium-credits`, bottom-left) and must stay visible — including in clean-view and recording modes (the whole line, logo + "Google Maps" + the "Data attribution" link, stays on screen; only the GEV panels/HUD fade). The layer-specific credits (adsb.lol, adsbdb, Planespotters.net, TeleGeography, OSM datacenters/dams/roads, NASA FIRMS, CelesTrak, USGS, City of Austin, Fintraffic, GBFS, Radio Browser, OpenSky, AISStream) are registered into the expandable **"Data attribution"** popover on that credit line via `viewer.creditDisplay.addStaticCredit(new Cesium.Credit(html, /* showOnScreen */ false))` — see `src/data/dataCredits.js`. When you add a new data source, add its license and attribution to this file **and** append an entry to `DATA_CREDITS` in `src/data/dataCredits.js` so it surfaces in the app.
+The required Google Maps / Cesium credit renders on the on-globe credit line (`#cesium-credits`, bottom-left) and must stay visible — including in clean-view and recording modes (the whole line, logo + "Google Maps" + the "Data attribution" link, stays on screen; only the GEV panels/HUD fade). The layer-specific credits (adsb.lol, adsbdb, Planespotters.net, Open Vessel Photos, TeleGeography, OSM datacenters/dams/roads, NASA FIRMS, CelesTrak, USGS, City of Austin, Fintraffic, GBFS, Radio Browser, OpenSky, AISStream) are registered into the expandable **"Data attribution"** popover on that credit line via `viewer.creditDisplay.addStaticCredit(new Cesium.Credit(html, /* showOnScreen */ false))` — see `src/data/dataCredits.js`. When you add a new data source, add its license and attribution to this file **and** append an entry to `DATA_CREDITS` in `src/data/dataCredits.js` so it surfaces in the app.

LICENSE

@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ In short: the MIT grant does not extend to any third-party data. See
 DATA_SOURCES.md for the full per-source license + attribution summary, and
 remove any dataset whose terms don't fit your use.
 
-The 3D models under public/models/ are also third-party works and are NOT
-licensed under MIT. They remain under their individual licenses. See
-public/models/README.md for the author, source, license, modification notice,
-and attribution covering each model file.
+The 3D models under public/models/ are the project's procedural fleet
+models, generated from code by the project maintainers, and are covered by
+the MIT license above like the source code. See public/models/README.md.

README.md

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Start with the included data sources, then add your own. Each layer is a separat
 - **📡 Contacts:** A 250 km roster of everything near your target — step through live aircraft and drop into any cockpit.
 - **🎯 Click-to-track anything:** Camera locks on, draws a fading trail, surfaces full metadata — and a tracked fire or vessel hands you off to the nearest live camera in one click.
 - **🖊️ Voice whiteboard:** Speak annotations onto the world — real boundary polygons, marks, and routes.
-- **🛫 3D hangar:** Real per-class aircraft models — 787, ATR-72, Citation, Bell 206, MQ-9 — and a tracked contact swaps from glyph to 3D model as you close in.
+- **🛫 3D fleet:** 121 procedural models drawn life size by type — airliners, business jets, helicopters, drones, ships, buses, trams and trains — and every contact swaps from glyph to 3D model as you close in.
 - **🎨 Reskin reality:** GLSL sensor looks over the normal globe — CRT, NVG, FLIR/thermal, Noir.
 - **🟩 Detection overlay:** Screen-space bounding boxes and IDs on everything in view.
 - **🎖️ Military HUD:** Tactical heads-up display with intelligence-style telemetry.

changelog.d/1688-transit-terrain-height-cache.md

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-- Fix the page freezing for seconds at a time with Transit on over a terrain
-  globe, most visibly while zooming over a large fleet. Every reread asked the
-  terrain for the height of every trail fix of every vehicle in view; heights
-  are now kept per point, read again only while the camera moves or tiles
-  load, and read within a time budget that puts vehicle positions first.
-  Switching the terrain provider or globe starts the kept heights afresh
-  (mazy1998, review by kvnloo, #1688).

changelog.d/1693-cctv-frame-no-flash.md

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+- Show a new CCTV camera's frame the moment it is decoded, with no fade, so
+  switching cameras no longer lingers on an empty preview (samehkhamis, #1693).

changelog.d/1694-cctv-globe-plane-clamp.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+- End a CCTV camera's monitor plane where its view meets the ground on globe
+  maps too, instead of a kilometre-wide plane hundreds of metres up
+  (samehkhamis, #1694).

changelog.d/1695-vessel-photos.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+- Show a selected vessel's photo from Open Vessel Photos, credited with its
+  photographer and open licence, and its MMSI beside its name in the CONTACTS
+  view (samehkhamis, #1695).

changelog.d/1696-i18n-entry.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+- Add an `./i18n` entry so an application with its own language menu can
+  start, follow and switch the interface language as the globe picker does
+  (samehkhamis, #1696).

changelog.d/1698-new-strings-translations.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+- Fix the translations of the strings added since the last review (News,
+  Data Library, Wildlife Sightings, Shipwrecks, Rail, the vessel and orbital
+  cockpits) in all twelve languages: neutral side labels and counts no longer
+  break the sentence, terms follow each glossary, and Traditional Chinese
+  follows Simplified Chinese again (German, @gekh, #1698).

changelog.d/1714-fleet-models.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+- Draw every 3D model from the project's procedural fleet set: 121 models
+  (about 2 MB, MIT like the code) chosen per vehicle by type and drawn life
+  size, replacing the eight third-party aircraft models. Flights, Military
+  Flights and Local ADS-B pick a model by ICAO type, class and emitter
+  category; Vessels, Transit and Rail now draw models too, under the same 3D
+  toggle and distances, a ship at its AIS length and beam and a tram, bus or
+  train in its mode or category colour. The whole set loads once when a layer
+  starts (samehkhamis, #1714).

changelog.d/1719-detection-overlay-paint.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+- The detection overlay no longer rebuilds every bracket on a paint where the
+  view and every contact are unchanged, which cuts frame work by a fifth to a
+  third at a whole-globe view of Live Flights with a still camera (mazy1998,
+  #1719).

docs/APPLICATION.md

@@ -224,7 +224,9 @@ leaving out `command-dock` the voice control and its pointer reticle;
 leaving out `context` the Bhote Koshi reconstruction panel; and leaving out
 `intel-hud` the Intel HUD overlay (`#intel-hud`), whose readouts the HUD
 implementation publishes to the `gev-hud` store. An unknown
-view name is an error. A host that does not initialize Core's locale passes
+view name is an error. An application that offers its own language choice
+starts and switches the language with the `./i18n` entry (`startPageLocale`,
+`followPageLocale`, `switchLocale`; see [I18N.md](./I18N.md)) and passes
 `localePicker: false` to `createApplicationControls` instead of editing the
 markup. Node tests that import application modules register the component
 loader with `node --import=<core package>/build/register-vue`.

docs/CURRENT-STATE.md

@@ -1706,7 +1706,7 @@ Applications supply the existing floor/snap, geoid, picking, sprite, camera,
 trail, focus, readout, context, aircraft presentation and render services.
 The factory never constructs a second application registry. Configure a source
 before initialization; replacing it while initialized is rejected. Model loads
-use the supplied asset resolver, including the preload path. Enrichment receives
+use the supplied asset resolver, including the up-front fleet set load. Enrichment receives
 an abort signal and cannot update a later lifecycle after destruction. Existing
 camera, terrain floor, trail, selection and measured model-size policies remain.
 
@@ -2224,7 +2224,9 @@ Frame loading, calibration editing and status display have separate modules;
 providers, camera placement and navigation policy retain their existing owners.
 Changing cameras invalidates old image callbacks and cancels an unfinished
 calibration edit. Failed refreshes preserve settled pixels for the same camera,
-while a newly selected camera never shows the prior camera's image. Disposal
+while a newly selected camera never shows the prior camera's image. A frame is
+shown without a fade once it is decoded (or after one second if its decode never
+settles), so a new camera's preview is blank only while its frame loads. Disposal
 releases listeners, subscriptions, image handlers, summary timers and chip-hide timers.
 
 ## UI disposal
@@ -2418,8 +2420,9 @@ is validated against Cesium 1.138.0 and must be revalidated on upgrades.
 
 `scripts/qa-anime-sky.mjs` checks asset readiness, visible Normal sky and
 Anime band coverage against a Vite dev server.
-`scripts/qa-sky-model-lighting.mjs` compares a lit `airplane.glb` against
-black and white environment maps in isolated scenes.
+`scripts/qa-sky-model-lighting.mjs` compares a lit fleet airliner
+(`public/models/fleet/aircraft/a320.glb`) against black and white environment
+maps in isolated scenes.
 
 ## Model atmosphere on Apple Metal
 
@@ -3199,6 +3202,15 @@ stays in view or tracked; an answer, found or not, and a permanent refusal
 stay final for the session. A route belongs to the callsign it was looked up
 for, so a callsign change drops the old route. See `DATA_SOURCES.md`.
 
+A selected vessel gets a photo the same way. The browser asks Open Vessel
+Photos for it by MMSI (`fetchOpenVesselPhoto` in
+`src/sources/live/standalone.js`, read by `src/data/openVesselPhoto.js`), once
+per MMSI (`src/layers/vessels/photos.js`), and the CONTACTS view shows it under
+the vessel's name and MMSI ("NAME · MMSI 366999709") with the photographer,
+the photo's open licence and a link to the vessel's page. A vessel without an
+MMSI is never looked up; a miss stays final for the session, and a failed
+lookup is asked again after five minutes.
+
 `gods-eye-view/server/providers/live` is a Node-only entry for the existing
 plugins and shared request helpers. Importing it starts no sockets or timers.
 The existing aircraft normalizer is separately available through the portable
@@ -3595,20 +3607,22 @@ This is the current runtime/source-of-truth snapshot for the project.
 >   24.09 m aft (70 % of the model's rendered envelope, so inside it), 2.22 m
 >   below centre (6 %), and 2e-9 m off the centreline.
 > - **The tracked trail attaches to REAL HULL, aft and below (2026-08-23):**
->   `MODEL_TRAIL_ANCHOR_NATIVE` (`src/data/modelVisualAnchor.js`) holds, per GLB
->   and in RAW glTF coordinates (see the transform-chain entry below), the point
->   of the hull's CENTRELINE PROFILE (its y = 0 slice) closest to the aft-belly
->   AABB corner. It is NOT the corner: a bounding-box corner is empty
->   space, 4.80 m off the nearest triangle on `airplane.glb` and 6.14 m on
->   `jet.glb`, so the trail ended in mid air beside the aircraft. The head segment
+>   `FLEET_TRAIL_ANCHORS` (`src/data/fleetTrailAnchors.js`, generated by
+>   `scripts/measure-fleet-trail-anchors.mjs`) holds, per fleet aircraft and
+>   helicopter model and in RAW glTF coordinates (see the transform-chain entry
+>   below), the point of the hull's CENTRELINE PROFILE (its centreline slice)
+>   closest to the aft-belly AABB corner. It is NOT the corner: a bounding-box
+>   corner is empty space (4.80 m off the nearest triangle on the airliner
+>   asset this was first measured on, 6.14 m on the jet), so the trail ended in
+>   mid air beside the aircraft. The head segment
 >   is drawn from a point behind the aircraft to this anchor, so the anchor must
 >   stay aft (83–96 % of each aft extreme) or the segment enters at the tail and
->   stops inside the fuselage. `modelScale.test.mjs` reads the POSITION BUFFERS —
+>   stops inside the fuselage. `fleetModels.test.mjs` reads the POSITION BUFFERS —
 >   real vertices and triangles, because accessor min/max cannot tell a corner
 >   from a surface — and re-derives on-hull, aft, lowest-at-its-station,
 >   on-centreline, and the construction itself. Re-measure, never re-guess.
 > - **The trail anchor rides CESIUM'S transform chain, not a hand-rolled one
->   (2026-08-23 regression fix):** `MODEL_TRAIL_ANCHOR_NATIVE` stores RAW
+>   (2026-08-23 regression fix):** `FLEET_TRAIL_ANCHORS` stores RAW
 >   glTF coordinates and `modelAnchorWorld()` assembles
 >   `modelMatrix × components.transform × axisCorrection` — the same chain
 >   `ModelSceneGraph` renders with, built from Cesium's own exported
@@ -3643,7 +3657,7 @@ This is the current runtime/source-of-truth snapshot for the project.
 >   ENVELOPE, and between them the drawn start slides along the segment so the
 >   visible length grows CONTINUOUSLY from zero. Three earlier cuts are recorded
 >   because their shape matters: testing segment LENGTH against the radius HID
->   real trail (58 m aft of `airplane.glb`'s 34.41 m envelope gives a 33.98 m
+>   real trail (58 m aft of an airliner's 34.41 m envelope gives a 33.98 m
 >   segment, suppressed, though ~23.6 m of it is open air); CLIPPING at the
 >   envelope and keeping only what lay outside stopped a moving trail visibly
 >   SHORT of the aircraft, since a bounding sphere encloses a lot of empty space
@@ -4819,8 +4833,9 @@ activeCameraCardEnabled: true })` may publish it through the retained
 > - **Flights 3D/cockpit hardening:** the destination-direction cue is an
 >   inline SVG rather than a remotely loaded Material Icons ligature, so a
 >   blocked or late font can no longer expand the literal word `navigation`
->   across the cockpit. The grounded `airplane.glb` belly offset is calibrated
->   to the current asset's measured Y-up bounds (`0.063` native units).
+>   across the cockpit. A grounded aircraft stands its fleet model's scaled
+>   clearance (the catalog's `clearance`, measured below the model's origin)
+>   above the ground.
 >   Contact Previous/Next and Live Signals aircraft handoffs now
 >   re-seed the first-person camera anchor at the selected flight immediately;
 >   bounded feed-correction smoothing remains scoped to the same aircraft.
@@ -5069,6 +5084,10 @@ Shipped locales: **en** (source and fallback), **ar**, **de**, **es**, **fr**, *
   views re-render, code that published translated text words it again through
   `onLocaleChange`, and `<html lang>`/`dir` and the page's `data-i18n` markup
   follow. Nothing is lost; a toast already on screen keeps its words.
+  An application that offers the language elsewhere (a menu) uses the
+  `./i18n` entry (`src/i18n/page.js`): `startPageLocale` at boot,
+  `followPageLocale` for the markup and `switchLocale`, which does what a
+  picker choice does, with `localePicker: false`.
 - **Right to left.** Arabic (`ar`) and Hebrew (`he`) are in `RTL_LOCALES`, so
   `<html dir="rtl">`: the title, style indicator, both panel stacks and their
   icon rails swap sides through logical properties (`inset-inline-*`,
@@ -5806,23 +5825,6 @@ Noir samples also exclude its deliberately vignetted outer field, using shader
 settings and screen position rather than observed brightness. Selected-trail
 diagnostics report every condition even when selection fails.
 
-On a terrain globe Transit reads each vehicle's and trail point's height from
-the loaded surface (`globe.getHeight`, a ray cast against the drawn tile's
-mesh) and keeps the answer per point, about a metre apart
-(`src/layers/transit/height.js`, constants in `policy.js`). While the camera
-moves or tiles load a kept height is read again after 2 s; a height read once
-both have been still for 5 s is kept until either changes. Reads are budgeted
-at 16 ms per 200 ms window, 12 ms of it for re-reads, longest-kept first. A
-vehicle's own position is always read; the path its marker is drawn along
-comes next; the undrawn trail history of unselected vehicles may use a quarter
-of each budget. Past the budget a kept point keeps its last height, a new
-point takes the last height read in its ~111 m floor cell or waits, and the
-reread cycle continues until none waits. Before this, every reread asked the
-terrain for every trail fix of every vehicle in view, which blocked the page
-for up to 19 s at a time over a 650-vehicle fleet while zooming. Verified
-against Boston's MBTA feed on a keyless terrain globe only; no steeper city
-has a keyless feed to check against.
-
 Transit brackets use the normal-composite overlay surface: a 1.25 px mode-colour
 stroke over 3.25 px dark backing. Other contact themes retain their existing
 behavior. The selected trail uses a 3 px core over 5 px backing, mode-coloured
@@ -6587,6 +6589,10 @@ silently demoting every later lookup for the session.
   far cap, retargeting the existing video/canvas texture pipeline. Stills are drawn at their source aspect, centered on the placeholder dark (`#01070c`), instead of being stretched to the 16:9 canvas. Manual calibration only —
   auto-calibration and the drape mesh pipeline are deleted. A one-shot activation obstruction
   probe (`pickFromRay` on camera activation, clamping the plane short of the first hit) remains;
+  a hit at or beyond the camera's range counts as a miss, and on a globe map the plane also clamps
+  short of the globe's terrain along the axis (flat ground at the mount's ground when terrain is
+  missed or met beyond the range), whichever is nearer, so it never stands at the full range there
+  (about a kilometre wide and hundreds of metres up);
   ground placement is superseded by the shared-floor v3 behavior below. Calibration persists to
   `godsEyeView.cctv.calibration.v2` (wiped clean, no v1 import); a panel-only CAL badge shows
   `CALIBRATED`/`CURATED`/`RAW PRIOR` (no in-world tint). Panel is titled "CCTV" (not "CCTV
@@ -7288,8 +7294,9 @@ pins and share links already supply complete boxes.
   normal four-samples-per-250-ms budget. Retry timestamps more than the maximum
   30-second backoff ahead of the current clock are ignored. A smaller rollback
   can retain a bounded retry delay of up to 30 seconds.
-- Commercial and military aircraft use the same high-level FLEET model regime: 2D billboards when zoomed out, optional glTF models when closer, controlled by the DISPLAY rail `3D` toggle and `Proximity` / `All` modes. Since 2026-08-16 (Hangar fleet) models are PER-CLASS: real CC-BY GLBs for light/bizjet/turboprop/widebody/helicopter/uav (`CLASS_MODEL_REAL` in `src/data/aircraftClass.js` — meters-baked, scale 1, per-model belly/radius; provenance in `public/models/README.md`), the shared `airplane.glb` for the remaining civilian classes, and the military layer maps weight classes (real GLBs / 747 heavies / `jet.glb` fastjets, per-model heading offsets, flat amber or emergency red). Textured civilians carry a HEAVY tint, not a light one: `MODEL_COLOR_BLEND_AMOUNT` is `0.94` in BOTH layers under Cesium's `ColorBlendMode.MIX`, so the class colour supplies 94% of the surface and the asset's own texture ~6%. The visual direction is clean light silhouettes with only a weak diffuse contribution from the approved textures, so liveries deliberately do NOT read. IR boost raises the blend to a full `1.0`. Under NVG/FLIR (map preset or Cockpit vision) models render unlit flat-white at full alpha and scene fog is disabled (fog otherwise blacks out distant models with the globe hidden); state restores on exit.
-- **Aircraft models skip Cesium's dynamic environment map (2026-10-24).** Flights, Military Flights and Local ADS-B pass `environmentMapOptions: AIRCRAFT_ENVIRONMENT_MAP_OPTIONS` (`{ enabled: false }`, `src/data/aircraftModelLighting.js`) to every drawn model. Otherwise each `Model` renders the sky around it and reads it back from the GPU (`readPixels`) when it is first placed, and again whenever it moves more than 1 km, the scene's atmosphere settings change, or (under sunlight dynamic lighting) an hour of scene time passes (`DynamicEnvironmentMapManager`, Cesium 1.138). With the class colour supplying 94% of the surface, the models are lit from Cesium's default spherical harmonics instead, with no specular environment map, so the sky's model-lighting cube map no longer reaches aircraft. `src/data/aircraftModelLighting.test.mjs` pins the option at every drawn model call; the two preload calls only warm the glTF cache and are never drawn.
+- Commercial and military aircraft use the same high-level FLEET model regime: 2D billboards when zoomed out, optional glTF models when closer, controlled by the DISPLAY rail `3D` toggle and `Proximity` / `All` modes. Every model is one of the project's procedural fleet models (`public/models/fleet/`, MIT, 121 GLBs, about 2 MB in all; `public/models/README.md`), chosen per aircraft by `aircraftModelSpec` (`src/data/fleetModels.js`): its ICAO type's entry in `types.json`, else the model of its `classifyAircraft` class for a type the map lacks, else its ADS-B emitter category's, else the default airliner. It is drawn LIFE SIZE: the type's published length over the model's built length (`src/layers/flights/modelSpec.js`, shared by Flights, Military Flights and Local ADS-B), and a grounded aircraft stands the model's scaled clearance above the ground. `classifyAircraft` still picks the 2D icons. The whole set loads once, up front, when a layer that draws it starts (`loadFleetModelSet`, which logs `[Fleet] N/121 models (X MB) loaded in N ms`); models are built from those bytes, never fetched mid-session, and an aircraft stays its billboard until the set has loaded. Textured civilians carry a HEAVY tint, not a light one: `MODEL_COLOR_BLEND_AMOUNT` is `0.94` in BOTH layers under Cesium's `ColorBlendMode.MIX`, so the class colour supplies 94% of the surface and the model's own vertex colour ~6%; military models are flat amber, or emergency red. IR boost raises the blend to a full `1.0`. Under NVG/FLIR (map preset or Cockpit vision) models render unlit flat-white at full alpha and scene fog is disabled (fog otherwise blacks out distant models with the globe hidden); state restores on exit.
+- Vessels, Transit and Rail draw fleet models under the same DISPLAY rail `3D` toggle, at the same altitude ceiling, caps and add/keep radii as the aircraft (`FLEET_MODEL_POLICY`, `src/layers/flights/policy.js`; `createFleetModelLayer`, `src/data/fleetModelInstances.js`). A vessel's model follows its AIS ship type and is drawn at its reported length and beam (AIS static dimensions A+B and C+D, now carried on vessel rows as `length` and `beam`), standing at the sea surface, heading by true heading then course. A transit vehicle's model follows its layer mode (bus, tram, subway, rail or ferry; a vehicle of `unknown` mode keeps its icon), a train's its rail category and mode (rail, metro or tram). Neither the transit nor the rail sources carry a GTFS `route_type` or a finer mode (monorail, gondola, funicular, cable car), so the set's models for those and their `transit.elevation` lifts are not reached by any live source today. Both stand on the road or rail top they are drawn on, without the 1.5 m `GROUND_FLOOR_LIFT_M` their icons carry, and are painted in their mode or category colour where the model's `_TINT` attribute marks it. A vessel model is clipped at its waterline (one clipping plane per model, at the model origin's horizontal plane), so its hull below the water never shows through a plain globe, which Cesium does not depth-test models against. Under the NVG/FLIR styles (the Flights `irBoost` parameter) these models render unlit flat white, as aircraft models do. Each vehicle's icon stays the visual until its model is loaded, ready and placed; a model is picked as its icon is, and a vehicle drawn as its model keeps its selection card and its place in the detection overlay.
+- **Aircraft models skip Cesium's dynamic environment map (2026-10-24).** Flights, Military Flights and Local ADS-B pass `environmentMapOptions: AIRCRAFT_ENVIRONMENT_MAP_OPTIONS` (`{ enabled: false }`, `src/data/aircraftModelLighting.js`) to every drawn model. Otherwise each `Model` renders the sky around it and reads it back from the GPU (`readPixels`) when it is first placed, and again whenever it moves more than 1 km, the scene's atmosphere settings change, or (under sunlight dynamic lighting) an hour of scene time passes (`DynamicEnvironmentMapManager`, Cesium 1.138). With the class colour supplying 94% of the surface, the models are lit from Cesium's default spherical harmonics instead, with no specular environment map, so the sky's model-lighting cube map no longer reaches aircraft. `src/data/aircraftModelLighting.test.mjs` pins the option at every drawn model call; every model is built from the fleet set loaded up front, so there is no separate preload.
 - The DISPLAY-rail `3D` toggle is the user-facing activation path for both aircraft layers. Their small approved GLBs build their render resources without Cesium's frame-spread job queue, preventing continuous Photorealistic 3D Tiles streaming from starving model readiness; model caps, tracking, camera, and fallback billboards are unchanged.
 - **The `3D` toggle DEFAULTS ON in `proximity` on a first run.** Proximity is itself the budget — models appear only below `MODEL_ALT_CEIL_M` and only for the nearest `MODEL_MAX` in view — so the default costs nothing at globe scale, and `all` remains a deliberate opt-in. A fresh boot runs NO layer-state restoration (`LayerStateCoordinator.start()` returns early with neither a share payload nor stored state), so four independent initializers decide what a first-run operator sees and must agree: `booleanOption('models3d', 'e', true)` in `src/data/layerState.js`, `_models3dEnabled = true` in BOTH flight layers, `this._models3dEnabled = true` in `src/ui/aircraftDisplay.js`, and the `active` / `visible` classes on `#models3d-toggle` / `#models3d-mode-row` in `index.html`. All four are pinned together in `src/data/layerState.test.mjs`. Explicit state still wins: because the codec omits default-valued options, `models3d: false` is now what travels in a link (`lo=…f.e.0`) and restores OFF at both aircraft layers. **Consequence for returning users:** a stored `gev:layer-state:v2` blob is a FULL options snapshot, so a session that wrote one before this change carries `models3d:false` and keeps 3D off until the operator flips it (or clears the key) — the durable snapshot is treated as the recipient's own state, by design.
 - **Consequence of the flip on the recorded tracked/fleet inversion:** the 150–800 km band where surrounding contacts draw as models while the SELECTED one is still a glyph is now what an operator sees WITHOUT arming anything. The inversion itself is unchanged and still deliberate (see `src/data/trackedModelRegime.js`); only its reachability changed.
@@ -7452,6 +7459,28 @@ apply to `public/` assets or built-preview serving.
     holds the way it stripped detection's would take bracket promptness with it, silently.
   - Known, pre-existing, and deliberately out of scope here: the overlay's backing store does not
     re-derive on a DPR change mid-session (`worldOverlay` sizing — untouched by this work).
+- **A detection paint reuses the sweep before it when nothing it reads has changed
+  (`src/data/detectionPaintCache.js`).** The sweep in `_drawOverlay` (project every contact, fade
+  it, append its bracket, build callout candidates) depends only on the view and on the contacts.
+  Each paint still asks every layer for its contacts, then compares them with what the last sweep
+  was built from: the same objects in the same order, the same position coordinates, and the same
+  value in every field the sweep reads (`PAINTED_OBJECT_FIELDS`), under the same view (profile,
+  style, canvas size, keyhole, camera position, view-projection matrix, UI rectangles; see
+  `_paintViewOf`). On a match the kept bracket paths, counts and callout candidates are used again
+  and only the strokes and callouts are repainted. No layer has to announce a change, so none can
+  leave a stale picture behind. A sweep that READS a new object field or a new view value must add
+  it to those two lists; `detectionHost.test.mjs` compares 41 frames against a full sweep, canvas
+  call for canvas call.
+  - Never reused or kept: a solve paint (the sweep gathers the cohort), any paint while the Cyber
+    sonar sweep or a Global Context echo is live (brackets change with the clock), and any sweep
+    that reached a depth-tested contact (its answer comes from the scene).
+  - Where it pays: a held camera with contacts that move in steps. Live Flights re-positions the
+    fleet every 80 ms, so at 60 fps about seven paints in ten reuse a sweep. Once a frame takes
+    longer than 80 ms every paint sees moved aircraft and none is reused; after eight such sweeps
+    the contacts are only recorded on every eighth, so the comparison costs nothing there.
+    Satellites move on every frame and are never reused.
+  - `getDetectionDiagnostics().paintReuseCount` (and `data-paint-reuse-count`) counts reused
+    paints since `initDetection`; `placementBuildCount` is 0 on a reused paint.
 - The detection MODE BANNER (`DENSE VIS:… SRC:… DENS:…% ELASTIC …ms`) is
   developer telemetry and is HIDDEN by default. It paints only under
   `?detectDebug=1` (the `trafficDebug` convention), resolved once per

docs/I18N.md

@@ -59,6 +59,30 @@ The language picker switches in place, without a reload. A view that calls `t()`
 
 A toast already on screen keeps its words.
 
+## An application with its own language choice
+
+An application that composes Core and offers the language somewhere else (a menu, a settings page) imports the `./i18n` entry (`src/i18n/page.js`) and passes `localePicker: false` to `createApplicationControls`:
+
+```js
+import {
+  LOCALES,
+  LOCALE_NAMES,
+  followPageLocale,
+  getLocale,
+  onLocaleChange,
+  startPageLocale,
+  switchLocale,
+} from '<core package>/i18n';
+
+startPageLocale(document); // before any view renders: ?lang=, stored choice, browser, English; translates data-i18n markup
+const stopFollowing = followPageLocale(document); // <html lang>/dir and data-i18n markup follow each switch
+
+for (const code of LOCALES) addMenuItem(LOCALE_NAMES[code], code === getLocale());
+menu.onChoose = (code) => switchLocale(code); // switched in place and stored (in ?lang when storage is blocked)
+```
+
+`switchLocale` does what a choice in the globe picker does, and returns `'unchanged'` for the active language. `onLocaleChange` tells the application's own menu to mark the new language.
+
 ## Rules
 
 - **Pass literals.** `t('Close')`, not `t(label)` (unless `label` holds a `msg()` value) and never a template literal with `${…}`.
@@ -109,6 +133,7 @@ Icons (`aria-hidden="true"`, Material Symbols), comments, CSS values and lowerca
 | `src/ui/i18n.js`                | the page's vue-i18n instance: the active locale and the catalogs               |
 | `src/i18n/marker.js`            | `msg` alone, for modules the server or tools import (no catalogs)              |
 | `src/i18n/locale.js`            | shipped languages, their names, choosing the language at boot                  |
+| `src/i18n/page.js`              | the `./i18n` entry: start, follow and switch the page's language               |
 | `src/i18n/locales/<code>.json`  | one catalog per language, keyed by English text                                |
 | `src/i18n/same-as-english.json` | per language, the entries that stay as in English on purpose                   |
 | `scripts/i18n.mjs`              | `npm run i18n`: extracts messages, checks the catalogs, finds unmarked UI text |

docs/translations/zh-Hant.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Catalog: `src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json`. General rules: [TRANSLATORS.md](../TRA
 
 `zh-Hant` is the Simplified Chinese catalog (`zh-CN`, credited to abiyeenzo, #914, and EDIT-Aeterna, #979) written in Traditional characters with OpenCC character conversion. Wording and terminology are the same as in `zh-CN`: change a term in [zh-CN.md](./zh-CN.md) and the `zh-CN` catalog first, then convert. Only the script differs.
 
-After `s2tw` conversion, fix the characters OpenCC picks wrongly: 年曆史 → 年歷史, 下遊 → 下游, 並道 → 併道, 發佈 → 發布, 公佈 → 公布.
+After `s2tw` conversion, fix the characters OpenCC picks wrongly: 年曆史 → 年歷史, 下遊 → 下游, 並道 → 併道, 發佈 → 發布, 公佈 → 公布, 控制檯 → 控制台, and 周 → 週 where it means a week (1 週/秒).
 
 ## Style
 

package.json

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@
     "./application": "./src/app/application.js",
     "./application/viewer": "./src/app/viewer.js",
     "./time": "./src/time/worldClock.js",
+    "./i18n": "./src/i18n/page.js",
     "./build/vite": {
       "node": "./build/vite.js"
     },

public/models/README.md

@@ -1,20 +1,33 @@
-# Bundled 3D Model Attribution
+# Bundled 3D Models
 
-The model files in this directory are third-party visual assets. They are not
-covered by the repository's MIT source-code license; each remains available
-under the license listed below.
+Every 3D model shipped in this directory is one of the project's procedural
+fleet models under [`fleet/`](fleet/): aircraft, helicopters, ships, buoys,
+transit and rail vehicles, and a few other airborne and ground objects. They
+are generated from code by the project maintainers, contain no third-party
+artwork, and are covered by the repository's [MIT license](../../LICENSE)
+like the source code.
 
-| File | Original work and creator | Source | License | Project modifications |
-|---|---|---|---|---|
-| `airplane.glb` | “boeing 747” by [zairiq-123](https://sketchfab.com/zairiq-123) | [Sketchfab model](https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/boeing-747-9b16672038ba48f98e6d80a159044ed9) | [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) | Substantially modified and optimized for God's Eye View, including geometry/material simplification and coordinate/orientation preparation. The former 24× runtime calibration is baked into the mesh; location, rotation, and scale are applied; the bounding-box centre is at the origin; and the model uses glTF +Y-up with its nose toward local −X. Geometry remains uncompressed so the aircraft asset does not compete with photogrammetry for Draco worker capacity. |
-| `jet.glb` | “Private Jet” by [Nick the Name](https://sketchfab.com/Nick_The_Name) | [Sketchfab model](https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/private-jet-cbdd1de6ced9461e950eafaa302cc82b) | [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) | Repackaged as a glTF binary for the project's military-flight visualization. Imported hierarchy transforms are baked into the meshes; location, rotation, and scale are applied; the bounding-box centre is at the origin; and the model uses meter scale, glTF +Y-up, and the shared nose −X convention. Existing materials are preserved. |
-| `bell206.glb` | “Bell 206 JetRanger” by [terran4627](https://sketchfab.com/terran4627) | [Sketchfab model](https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/bell-206-jetranger-d2f7ba1d671549d4b26aaf834139a1dd) | [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) | Optimized for God's Eye View: geometry/material simplification, textures resized to 256 px WebP, orientation/scale vertex-baked to real-world meters (Y-up, nose −X), origin centered. |
-| `c172.glb` | “Cessna 172” by [e737](https://sketchfab.com/e0057537) | [Sketchfab model](https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/cessna-172-64cddaee5aff470682659a8c08525046) | [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) | Optimized for God's Eye View: geometry/material simplification, textures resized to 256 px WebP, orientation/scale vertex-baked to real-world meters (Y-up, nose −X), origin centered. |
-| `citation2.glb` | “1990 Cessna Citation, Texture Detailed, Exterior” by [BlenderCommunityHead](https://sketchfab.com/aboodgoudagad) | [Sketchfab model](https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/1990-cessna-citation-texture-detailed-exterior-a78839624fe64900a8352cb23462350a) | [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) | Optimized for God's Eye View: geometry/material simplification, textures resized to 256 px WebP, orientation/scale vertex-baked to real-world meters (Y-up, nose −X), origin centered. |
-| `mq9.glb` | “MQ-9” by [IProZenoN](https://sketchfab.com/IProZenoN) | [Sketchfab model](https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/mq-9-fabe963feb354c5584b51f9c470c3f7e) | [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) | Optimized for God's Eye View: geometry/material simplification, textures resized to 256 px WebP, orientation/scale vertex-baked to real-world meters (Y-up, nose −X), origin centered. |
-| `b789.glb` | “Boeing 787-9” by [Nobilis 2](https://sketchfab.com/nobilishornet2) | [Sketchfab model](https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/boeing-787-9-b6711e2e698e4e469675c1154a50b7a3) | [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) | Optimized for God's Eye View: geometry/material simplification, textures resized to 256 px WebP, orientation/scale vertex-baked to real-world meters (Y-up, nose −X), origin centered. |
-| `atr72.glb` | “ATR 72 - 600” by [Oyan3D](https://sketchfab.com/oyan3D) | [Sketchfab model](https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/atr-72-600-1e1a7186f7444d288675262fcee44744) | [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) | Optimized for God's Eye View: geometry/material simplification, textures removed with dominant material colors baked into PBR factors (flat “abstracted” style), orientation/scale vertex-baked to real-world meters (Y-up, nose −X), origin centered. |
+| Path | What it holds |
+|---|---|
+| `fleet/catalog.json` | Every model by name: its file, category, built length, beam and bounds (metres, in Cesium's Z-up model frame: x along the length with the nose toward −X, y across the beam, z up), the clearance below its origin, and its 2D icon class. |
+| `fleet/types.json` | Which model draws which vehicle, and at what length: ICAO aircraft and helicopter type codes, ADS-B emitter categories, AIS ship-type and length ranges, GTFS route types, transit modes and rail categories, with the defaults. |
+| `fleet/aircraft/`, `fleet/helicopters/`, `fleet/ships/`, `fleet/buoys/`, `fleet/transit/`, `fleet/other/` | The models, one GLB each (EXT_meshopt_compression and KHR_mesh_quantization, vertex colours, no textures). |
 
-CC BY 4.0 permits sharing and adaptation, including commercial use, provided
-appropriate credit is retained, the license is linked, and modifications are
-identified. These credits do not imply endorsement by the original creators.
+How the layers use them:
+
+- Each layer draws a vehicle with the model its type selects, scaled to the
+  type's published length (a vessel to its reported AIS length and beam), so
+  every model is drawn life size. Ground objects, balloons and obstacles in
+  the `other` category are drawn at the size they are built.
+- An aircraft model's origin is its axis; it stands that model's scaled
+  clearance above the ground. A ship's origin is its waterline, and a transit
+  or rail vehicle's the road or rail top (a monorail or gondola is raised by
+  its `transit.elevation` entry, for a source that names those modes).
+- Transit and rail models carry a `_TINT` vertex attribute that marks where
+  the route or category colour is painted.
+- The whole set loads once, up front, when a layer that draws it starts; no
+  model is fetched while a session runs.
+
+`src/data/fleetModels.js` reads the set and chooses each vehicle's model;
+`src/data/fleetModels.test.mjs` checks that every model `types.json` names is
+in the catalog and on disk, and that no GLB exceeds 3 MB.