Fold duplicate coverage tests into their neighbours

Conflict in src/layers/transit/queries.js: keep the branch's shared note with the gate's enter altitude and main's distinct region count.

changelog.d/1576-transit-bikeshare-coverage-prompt.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+- Say why Transit and Bike Share are empty outside coverage. Over a city with
+  no feed or system (London, Tokyo) their Layers rows say so and count the
+  covered regions or systems, or say how low to fly, instead of `never`;
+  leaving coverage clears the last-update time (German, @gekh, #1576).

changelog.d/870-hidden-contact-dr.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+- Reduce dead-reckoning work for flights already hidden behind the horizon.
+  Hidden contacts update on a staggered one-in-13-ticks rotation (about once a
+  second) while visible contacts and contacts with fleet models retain the full
+  update path (Wilmer Alzate, #870).

docs/CURRENT-STATE.md

@@ -1975,6 +1975,17 @@ Mapped-installation zoom guidance appears in the layer row without counting as
 a global loading failure. Guidance statuses do not suppress independent refresh
 errors.
 
+Transit and Bike Share say the same when no feed or system covers the view,
+instead of an undated `never`. Above their altitude gates the rows read
+`GTFS-RT · Fly below 2,850 km to a covered region` and
+`GBFS · Fly below 48 km to a covered city`; lower, over a city neither covers
+(London, Tokyo), `GTFS-RT · No feed here yet · N regions available` and
+`GBFS · No bike share here yet · N systems available` (covered regions,
+catalogued systems). The chip stays ON. A loading or failed Bike Share city
+shows its own text. Leaving coverage clears the last-update time. The voice
+analyst gets the same English notes; both translate them through
+`translateStatusMessage` (`src/ui/statusText.js`).
+
 ## Places and CCTV request bounds
 
 With a Google key configured, nearby and text search reject missing, blank,
@@ -5350,7 +5361,7 @@ silently demoting every later lookup for the session.
 
 ### Motion & Symbology Correctness (June 10, 2026)
 
-- **Flights (commercial + military)** render one poll interval behind real time (30s/15s) and interpolate between two known feed-stamped fixes (OpenSky `time_position`; adsb.lol `receipt − seen_pos`). The display latency is an intentional product decision — do not "fix" it away. The whole fleet dead-reckons at ~12Hz (1m² write gating); aircraft get a 3-poll grace period (faded icon) before removal. When a position epoch pauses, both layers coast for at least 60 seconds of contact grace with an absolute five-minute ceiling. Source backoff marks each contact and the cockpit `STALE`; the cockpit then holds the exact layer position instead of continuing inertial flight. Repeated-position kinematic changes create a forward-only synthetic fix rather than mutating history, and grounded history is lifted only when no owned 3D model already controls its datum. A nominally successful worldwide OpenSky response whose own snapshot epoch is more than two minutes old prefers the existing 250-nm viewport-scoped adsb.lol fallback and labels the source/coverage accordingly when that upstream is available. If the fallback is also unavailable, the layer's freshness/error fields use the source epoch—never the cache receipt time—so the UI reports an old snapshot rather than “just now.”
+- **Flights (commercial + military)** render one poll interval behind real time (30s/15s) and interpolate between two known feed-stamped fixes (OpenSky `time_position`; adsb.lol `receipt − seen_pos`). The display latency is an intentional product decision — do not "fix" it away. The fleet dead-reckons at ~12Hz (1m² write gating); a contact already hidden behind the horizon whose last position still is re-reckons on a staggered one-in-13-ticks rotation (about once a second) instead, so the worldwide feed's ~13k contacts no longer cost a full pass when well under 1% are on screen. Anything that position puts in view, and any contact with a fleet model, takes the full pass immediately, and hidden-inclusive proximity queries read positions at most about a second old; aircraft get a 3-poll grace period (faded icon) before removal. When a position epoch pauses, both layers coast for at least 60 seconds of contact grace with an absolute five-minute ceiling. Source backoff marks each contact and the cockpit `STALE`; the cockpit then holds the exact layer position instead of continuing inertial flight. Repeated-position kinematic changes create a forward-only synthetic fix rather than mutating history, and grounded history is lifted only when no owned 3D model already controls its datum. A nominally successful worldwide OpenSky response whose own snapshot epoch is more than two minutes old prefers the existing 250-nm viewport-scoped adsb.lol fallback and labels the source/coverage accordingly when that upstream is available. If the fallback is also unavailable, the layer's freshness/error fields use the source epoch—never the cache receipt time—so the UI reports an old snapshot rather than “just now.”
 - **World-space headings at every angle** (`src/data/iconOrientation.js`): aircraft/vessel icon rotation uses the camera right/up basis per tick (alignedAxis always ZERO), which is exact at screen center and for orthographic/nadir views and remains stable through >180° tracked orbits. Perspective rays vary across the viewport, so off-center contacts at oblique pitch can diverge from an exact finite-difference window projection; a regression test pins that known regime, and field evidence decides whether to adopt exact projection with the basis method as fallback. Fleet rotations refresh on camera-pose change; tracked entities per frame. Billboards are horizon-culled via a shared EllipsoidalOccluder.
 - **Military/OpenSky reconciliation** (`src/data/militaryRegistry.js`): known-military ICAOs render amber in the flights layer (60s self-poll of the cached mil endpoint when the military layer is off) and are suppressed there while the military layer renders them.
 - **Satellites**: 838-sat core catalog (stations/visual/GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/GEO), tracking lands ~726km out via `viewFrom` (tracked entity owns a point graphic so the tracking camera engages), rings realign via primitive modelMatrix (no per-second rebuild flicker), optional `setParams({catalog:'dense'})` Starlink mode.

scripts/format-scope.json

@@ -347,6 +347,7 @@
   "src/layers/flights/tracking.js",
   "src/layers/flights/rendering.js",
   "src/layers/flights/testing.js",
+  "src/layers/flights/hiddenContactRotation.test.mjs",
   "src/layers/flights/evidence.js",
   "src/layers/flights/ingestion.js",
   "src/layers/flights/queries.js",

src/data/lifecycle.js

@@ -2385,11 +2385,27 @@ export class LayerLifecycle {
   /**
    * Ask presentation to repaint layer rows now, for data that lands outside
    * the manager tick (Transit's proximity polls, Directions' route steps).
+   * @param {string} [layerId] - The layer whose row changed.
    */
-  refreshLayerStats() {
+  refreshLayerStats(layerId) {
+    this._dropRecoveredRefreshError(layerId);
     this._publishActivity({ type: 'status' });
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Drop a tick failure the layer's stats no longer report (the camera left
+   * that feed) instead of showing it until the next tick.
+   */
+  _dropRecoveredRefreshError(layerId) {
+    const entry = layerId ? this.layers.get(layerId) : null;
+    if (!entry?.managerRefreshError || entry.refreshing) return;
+    const failure = refreshFailureFromStats(
+      this._moduleStats(entry),
+      entry.module.name || layerId,
+    );
+    if (!failure) entry.managerRefreshError = null;
+  }
+
   _publishActivity(change) {
     for (const callback of this._activityListeners) {
       try {

src/data/manager.js

@@ -15,16 +15,6 @@ export class DataLayerManager extends LayerLifecycle {
     this._presentation.refresh();
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Repaint the toggle panel now. For layers whose data arrives outside their
-   * manager tick (camera-driven loads such as Transit's proximity polls), so a
-   * row shows its count when the data lands instead of at the next interval.
-   * One DOM pass; skipped while the document is hidden.
-   */
-  refreshLayerStats() {
-    this._refreshTogglePanel();
-  }
-
   _buildMetaText(layer) {
     return this._presentation.panel._buildMetaText(layer);
   }

src/data/manager.test.mjs

@@ -2677,6 +2677,31 @@ test('refreshLayerStats reaches presentation through the bare lifecycle', async
   assert.deepEqual(changes, ['status']);
 });
 
+test('refreshLayerStats(layerId) drops a tick failure the layer no longer reports', async () => {
+  const { LayerLifecycle } = await import('./lifecycle.js');
+  const lifecycle = new LayerLifecycle({});
+  let stats = { count: 0, error: 'Feed unavailable' };
+  lifecycle.register({
+    id: 'feed',
+    name: 'Feed',
+    getStats: () => stats,
+    async update() {},
+  });
+  const entry = lifecycle.layers.get('feed');
+  entry.enabled = true;
+  entry.initialized = true;
+  entry.managerRefreshError = 'Feed unavailable';
+
+  lifecycle.refreshLayerStats('feed');
+  assert.equal(entry.managerRefreshError, 'Feed unavailable');
+
+  stats = { count: 0 };
+  lifecycle.refreshLayerStats();
+  assert.equal(entry.managerRefreshError, 'Feed unavailable');
+  lifecycle.refreshLayerStats('feed');
+  assert.equal(entry.managerRefreshError, null);
+});
+
 test('periodic polls pause hidden, catch up once when due, and dispose visibility listeners', async (t) => {
   const listeners = new Set();
   const doc = {

src/i18n/locales/ar.json

@@ -2918,6 +2918,15 @@
     "many": "لا مصدر بيانات هنا بعد · {n} منطقة متاحة",
     "other": "لا مصدر بيانات هنا بعد · {n} منطقة متاحة"
   },
+  "Fly below {km} km to a covered city": "انخفض إلى ما دون {km} كم فوق مدينة مغطاة",
+  "No bike share here yet · {n} systems available": {
+    "zero": "لا دراجات مشتركة هنا بعد · {n} نظام متاح",
+    "one": "لا دراجات مشتركة هنا بعد · نظام واحد متاح ({n})",
+    "two": "لا دراجات مشتركة هنا بعد · نظامان متاحان ({n})",
+    "few": "لا دراجات مشتركة هنا بعد · {n} أنظمة متاحة",
+    "many": "لا دراجات مشتركة هنا بعد · {n} نظامًا متاحًا",
+    "other": "لا دراجات مشتركة هنا بعد · {n} نظام متاح"
+  },
   "degraded": "متدهور",
   "stale": "متقادم",
   "partial": "جزئي",

src/i18n/locales/de.json

@@ -2668,6 +2668,11 @@
     "one": "Hier noch kein Feed · {n} Region verfügbar",
     "other": "Hier noch kein Feed · {n} Regionen verfügbar"
   },
+  "Fly below {km} km to a covered city": "Unter {km} km Höhe zu einer abgedeckten Stadt fliegen",
+  "No bike share here yet · {n} systems available": {
+    "one": "Hier noch kein Bikesharing · {n} System verfügbar",
+    "other": "Hier noch kein Bikesharing · {n} Systeme verfügbar"
+  },
   "degraded": "eingeschränkt",
   "stale": "veraltet",
   "partial": "teilweise",

src/i18n/locales/es.json

@@ -2827,6 +2827,12 @@
     "many": "Aún no hay fuente aquí · {n} de regiones disponibles",
     "other": "Aún no hay fuente aquí · {n} regiones disponibles"
   },
+  "Fly below {km} km to a covered city": "Desciende por debajo de {km} km sobre una ciudad con cobertura",
+  "No bike share here yet · {n} systems available": {
+    "one": "Aún no hay bicis compartidas aquí · {n} sistema disponible",
+    "many": "Aún no hay bicis compartidas aquí · {n} de sistemas disponibles",
+    "other": "Aún no hay bicis compartidas aquí · {n} sistemas disponibles"
+  },
   "Wind speed field unavailable": "Campo de velocidad del viento no disponible",
   "Decoder feeds": "Fuentes del decodificador",
   "WebUSB + decoder feeds": "WebUSB + fuentes del decodificador",

src/i18n/locales/fr.json

@@ -2537,6 +2537,12 @@
     "many": "Pas encore de flux ici · {n} de régions disponibles",
     "other": "Pas encore de flux ici · {n} régions disponibles"
   },
+  "Fly below {km} km to a covered city": "Descendez sous {km} km au-dessus d'une ville couverte",
+  "No bike share here yet · {n} systems available": {
+    "one": "Pas encore de vélos partagés ici · {n} système disponible",
+    "many": "Pas encore de vélos partagés ici · {n} de systèmes disponibles",
+    "other": "Pas encore de vélos partagés ici · {n} systèmes disponibles"
+  },
   "degraded": "dégradé",
   "stale": "obsolète",
   "partial": "partiel",

src/i18n/locales/it.json

@@ -2537,6 +2537,12 @@
     "many": "Ancora nessun feed qui · {n} di regioni disponibili",
     "other": "Ancora nessun feed qui · {n} regioni disponibili"
   },
+  "Fly below {km} km to a covered city": "Scendi sotto {km} km su una città coperta",
+  "No bike share here yet · {n} systems available": {
+    "one": "Ancora nessun bike sharing qui · {n} sistema disponibile",
+    "many": "Ancora nessun bike sharing qui · {n} di sistemi disponibili",
+    "other": "Ancora nessun bike sharing qui · {n} sistemi disponibili"
+  },
   "degraded": "degradato",
   "stale": "obsoleto",
   "partial": "parziale",

src/i18n/locales/ja.json

@@ -2407,6 +2407,10 @@
   "No feed here yet · {n} regions available": {
     "other": "ここにはまだフィードがありません · 利用可能な地域 {n}か所"
   },
+  "Fly below {km} km to a covered city": "{km} km未満まで高度を下げ、カバー範囲内の都市へ移動してください",
+  "No bike share here yet · {n} systems available": {
+    "other": "ここにはまだシェアサイクルがありません · 利用可能なシステム {n}件"
+  },
   "degraded": "性能低下",
   "stale": "更新遅延",
   "partial": "部分的",

src/i18n/locales/pt.json

@@ -2539,6 +2539,12 @@
     "many": "Ainda não há feed aqui · {n} de regiões disponíveis",
     "other": "Ainda não há feed aqui · {n} regiões disponíveis"
   },
+  "Fly below {km} km to a covered city": "Desça abaixo de {km} km sobre uma cidade com cobertura",
+  "No bike share here yet · {n} systems available": {
+    "one": "Ainda não há bicicletas compartilhadas aqui · {n} sistema disponível",
+    "many": "Ainda não há bicicletas compartilhadas aqui · {n} de sistemas disponíveis",
+    "other": "Ainda não há bicicletas compartilhadas aqui · {n} sistemas disponíveis"
+  },
   "degraded": "degradado",
   "stale": "desatualizado",
   "partial": "parcial",

src/i18n/locales/ru.json

@@ -2890,6 +2890,13 @@
     "many": "Здесь пока нет потока данных · доступно {n} регионов",
     "other": "Здесь пока нет потока данных · доступно {n} региона"
   },
+  "Fly below {km} km to a covered city": "Опуститесь ниже {km} км над городом с покрытием",
+  "No bike share here yet · {n} systems available": {
+    "one": "Здесь пока нет проката велосипедов · доступна {n} система",
+    "few": "Здесь пока нет проката велосипедов · доступны {n} системы",
+    "many": "Здесь пока нет проката велосипедов · доступно {n} систем",
+    "other": "Здесь пока нет проката велосипедов · доступно {n} системы"
+  },
   "Wind speed field unavailable": "Поле скорости ветра недоступно",
   "Decoder feeds": "Потоки декодера",
   "WebUSB + decoder feeds": "WebUSB + потоки декодера",

src/i18n/locales/uk.json

@@ -2601,6 +2601,13 @@
     "many": "Тут поки немає потоку даних · доступно {n} регіонів",
     "other": "Тут поки немає потоку даних · доступно {n} регіону"
   },
+  "Fly below {km} km to a covered city": "Опустіться нижче {km} км над містом із покриттям",
+  "No bike share here yet · {n} systems available": {
+    "one": "Тут поки немає прокату велосипедів · доступна {n} система",
+    "few": "Тут поки немає прокату велосипедів · доступні {n} системи",
+    "many": "Тут поки немає прокату велосипедів · доступно {n} систем",
+    "other": "Тут поки немає прокату велосипедів · доступно {n} системи"
+  },
   "degraded": "з перебоями",
   "stale": "застарів",
   "partial": "частково",

src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json

@@ -2308,6 +2308,10 @@
   "No feed here yet · {n} regions available": {
     "other": "此处暂无数据源 · 有 {n} 个覆盖区域"
   },
+  "Fly below {km} km to a covered city": "请降至 {km} km 以下并飞往有覆盖的城市",
+  "No bike share here yet · {n} systems available": {
+    "other": "此处暂无共享单车 · 有 {n} 个可用系统"
+  },
   "degraded": "降级",
   "stale": "过期",
   "partial": "部分可用",

src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json

@@ -2296,6 +2296,10 @@
   "No feed here yet · {n} regions available": {
     "other": "此處暫無數據源 · 有 {n} 個覆蓋區域"
   },
+  "Fly below {km} km to a covered city": "請降至 {km} km 以下並飛往有覆蓋的城市",
+  "No bike share here yet · {n} systems available": {
+    "other": "此處暫無共享單車 · 有 {n} 個可用系統"
+  },
   "degraded": "降級",
   "stale": "過期",
   "partial": "部分可用",

src/layers/bikeshare/controls.js

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { msg, t } from '../../i18n/index.js';
-import { STATUS_POLL_MS } from './policy.js';
+import { ACTIVATION_ENTER_ALTITUDE_M, STATUS_POLL_MS } from './policy.js';
+import { GBFS_CITY_REGISTRY } from './registry.js';
 
 export function createControls({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
   const methods = {
@@ -13,6 +14,14 @@ export function createControls({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
 
     updateInterval: STATUS_POLL_MS,
 
+    /**
+     * Kept so camera moves can repaint the row before the next status poll.
+     * @param {object} dataManager DataLayerManager instance.
+     */
+    attachDataManager(dataManager) {
+      layerState._dataManager = dataManager;
+    },
+
     /**
      * Return a sampled array of detectable station objects for HUD overlay rendering.
      * @param {Object} [options] - Sampling options (maxCount, seed).
@@ -57,15 +66,39 @@ export function createControls({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
 
     /**
      * Return current layer statistics for the UI status display.
-     * @returns {{ count: number, lastUpdate: number|null, loading: boolean, loadingLabel?: string, error?: string, degraded?: boolean, stale?: boolean }}
+     * @returns {{ count: number, lastUpdate: number|null, loading: boolean, loadingLabel?: string, error?: string, degraded?: boolean, stale?: boolean, status?: string, statusMessage?: string }}
      */
     getStats() {
+      // A city in range without points is loading even before its fetch
+      // starts: the row repaints on entry, ahead of beginLoading().
+      const loading =
+        layerState._loading ||
+        [...layerState._activeCityIds].some(
+          (cityId) =>
+            !layerState._cityRuntime.has(cityId) &&
+            !layerState._failedCityIds.has(cityId),
+        );
       const stats = {
         count: layerState._count,
         lastUpdate: layerState._lastUpdate,
-        loading: layerState._loading,
+        loading,
       };
-      if (layerState._loading) {
+      // No system in range: the camera is too high or no system is near. A
+      // failed city also leaves range empty and reports its failure below.
+      if (
+        layerState._enabled &&
+        !loading &&
+        layerState._activeCityIds.size === 0 &&
+        layerState._failedCityIds.size === 0
+      ) {
+        // English: the analyst's empty note and the row's prompt, both shown
+        // through translateStatusMessage (ui/statusText.js).
+        const note = layerState._altitudeGateEnabled
+          ? `No bike share here yet · ${GBFS_CITY_REGISTRY.length} systems available`
+          : `Fly below ${Math.round(ACTIVATION_ENTER_ALTITUDE_M / 1000).toLocaleString('en-US')} km to a covered city`;
+        return { ...stats, status: 'zoom-in', statusMessage: note };
+      }
+      if (loading) {
         stats.loadingLabel =
           layerState._activeCityIds.size > 0
             ? t('syncing {count} city feeds...', {

src/layers/bikeshare/lifecycle.js

@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ export function createLifecycle({
         viewer.scene.primitives.remove(layerState._pointCollection);
         layerState._pointCollection = null;
       }
+      layerState._dataManager = null;
       layerState._viewer = null;
     },
   };

src/layers/bikeshare/rowRepaint.test.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+// Bike Share's Layers row. With no system in range it says why instead of
+// "never" and keeps no date for data it no longer draws. After the camera
+// settles, the last row the panel painted must match what the layer reports
+// now. Each case drives the real viewport,
+// ingestion, rendering and controls; the manager is a spy that records the
+// row text (LayerPanel._buildMetaText) at every refreshLayerStats() call.
+import { test } from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { CITY_BY_ID, GBFS_CITY_REGISTRY } from './registry.js';
+import { createState } from './state.js';
+import { createControls } from './controls.js';
+import { createIngestion } from './ingestion.js';
+import { createModel } from './model.js';
+import { createViewport } from './viewport.js';
+import { createRendering } from './rendering.js';
+import { createLifecycle } from './lifecycle.js';
+import { LayerPanel, layerFeedState } from '../../ui/layerPanel.js';
+
+const BOSTON_ID = 'boston-bluebikes';
+const TORONTO_ID = 'toronto-bike-share';
+const BUFFALO_ID = 'buffalo-reddy';
+const LONDON = { lat: 51.5072, lon: -0.1276 };
+const BOSTON = { lat: 42.3601, lon: -71.0589 };
+const BOSTON_NUDGED = { lat: 42.37, lon: -71.05 };
+const BETWEEN = { lat: 43.25, lon: -79.1 };
+const TORONTO_ONLY = { lat: 43.7, lon: -79.6 };
+const LOW_M = 10_000;
+
+globalThis.document ??= {
+  addEventListener() {},
+  removeEventListener() {},
+};
+
+function deferred() {
+  let resolve;
+  const promise = new Promise((res) => {
+    resolve = res;
+  });
+  return { promise, resolve };
+}
+
+function makeSource() {
+  const cityOf = (url) => {
+    for (const [id, city] of CITY_BY_ID) {
+      if (url === city.stationInformationUrl) return { id, kind: 'info' };
+      if (url === city.stationStatusUrl) return { id, kind: 'status' };
+    }
+    throw new Error(`unexpected GBFS url ${url}`);
+  };
+  const source = {
+    dead: new Set(),
+    /** `${cityId}:${kind}` → deferred that gates the answer. */
+    gates: new Map(),
+    async getStations(url, { signal } = {}) {
+      const { id, kind } = cityOf(url);
+      const gate = source.gates.get(`${id}:${kind}`);
+      if (gate) {
+        await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+          gate.promise.then(resolve);
+          signal?.addEventListener('abort', () =>
+            reject(Object.assign(new Error('aborted'), { name: 'AbortError' })),
+          );
+        });
+      } else {
+        await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1));
+      }
+      signal?.throwIfAborted();
+      if (source.dead.has(id)) throw new Error('GBFS HTTP 503');
+      const city = CITY_BY_ID.get(id);
+      if (kind === 'info') {
+        return {
+          data: {
+            stations: [
+              {
+                station_id: `${id}-1`,
+                name: `${id} dock`,
+                lat: city.centerLat,
+                lon: city.centerLon,
+                capacity: 10,
+              },
+            ],
+          },
+        };
+      }
+      return {
+        data: {
+          stations: [
+            {
+              station_id: `${id}-1`,
+              num_bikes_available: 3,
+              num_docks_available: 7,
+              is_installed: true,
+              is_renting: true,
+              is_returning: true,
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      };
+    },
+  };
+  return source;
+}
+
+/** The row as the panel draws it: state chip, count, meta text. */
+const rowText = (raw) => {
+  const stats = {
+    count: 0,
+    lastUpdate: null,
+    ...raw,
+    loading: raw.loading === true,
+  };
+  const meta = LayerPanel.prototype._buildMetaText({
+    id: 'bikeshare',
+    source: 'GBFS',
+    enabled: true,
+    lifecycleState: 'enabled',
+    stats,
+  });
+  return `${layerFeedState(stats)} | ${stats.count || '—'} | ${meta}`;
+};
+
+function makeLiveLayer() {
+  const source = makeSource();
+  const services = {
+    render: { governorRequestRender() {} },
+    overlays: {
+      setOverlayEntries() {},
+      setOverlaySourceVisible() {},
+      clearOverlaySource() {},
+    },
+    sprites: { registerSpriteCollection() {}, restoreSpriteOrder() {} },
+    picking: { registerPickOwner() {}, unregisterPickOwner() {} },
+  };
+  const state = createState({ services });
+  const parts = {};
+  const context = { state, services, parts, source };
+  parts.ingestion = createIngestion(context);
+  parts.model = createModel(context);
+  parts.viewport = createViewport(context);
+  parts.rendering = createRendering(context);
+  parts.selection = {
+    _installClickHandler() {},
+    _clearSelection() {},
+    _onKeyDown() {},
+  };
+  parts.queries = { collectDetectableStations: () => [] };
+  parts.lifecycle = createLifecycle(context);
+  const { methods: controls } = createControls(context);
+
+  const camera = { ...LONDON, height: LOW_M };
+  const viewer = {
+    camera: {
+      get positionCartographic() {
+        return Cesium.Cartographic.fromDegrees(
+          camera.lon,
+          camera.lat,
+          camera.height,
+        );
+      },
+      computeViewRectangle: () => undefined,
+      changed: { addEventListener() {}, removeEventListener() {} },
+    },
+    scene: { globe: {}, primitives: { add() {}, remove() {} } },
+  };
+  parts.lifecycle.methods.init(viewer);
+
+  const painted = [];
+  controls.attachDataManager({
+    refreshLayerStats() {
+      painted.push(rowText(controls.getStats()));
+    },
+  });
+
+  return {
+    state,
+    source,
+    painted,
+    lastPainted: () => painted.at(-1),
+    stats: () => controls.getStats(),
+    live: () => rowText(controls.getStats()),
+    moveTo(place, height = LOW_M) {
+      Object.assign(camera, place, { height });
+      return parts.viewport.runProximityCheck();
+    },
+    async enable() {
+      parts.lifecycle.methods.enable(viewer);
+      await settle();
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+async function settle() {
+  for (let i = 0; i < 5; i += 1)
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 2));
+}
+
+test('entering a city paints the loading row, not "never"', async () => {
+  const layer = makeLiveLayer();
+  const info = deferred();
+  layer.source.gates.set(`${BOSTON_ID}:info`, info);
+  await layer.enable();
+  const before = layer.painted.length;
+  const entering = layer.moveTo(BOSTON);
+  assert.ok(layer.painted.length > before, 'entering repainted');
+  const atEntry = layer.lastPainted();
+  const liveAfter = layer.live();
+  info.resolve();
+  await entering;
+  await settle();
+  assert.match(liveAfter, /syncing 1 city feeds/);
+  assert.match(atEntry, /^loading \|/, 'the entry repaint reads loading');
+  assert.doesNotMatch(atEntry, /never/);
+});
+test('re-entering a city with cached station info paints loading', async () => {
+  const layer = makeLiveLayer();
+  await layer.enable();
+  await layer.moveTo(BOSTON);
+  await settle();
+  await layer.moveTo(LONDON);
+  await settle();
+  const status = deferred();
+  layer.source.gates.set(`${BOSTON_ID}:status`, status);
+  const entering = layer.moveTo(BOSTON);
+  const atEntry = layer.lastPainted();
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  const liveAfter = layer.live();
+  status.resolve();
+  await entering;
+  await settle();
+  assert.match(liveAfter, /syncing 1 city feeds/);
+  assert.match(atEntry, /^loading \|/, 'the entry repaint reads loading');
+  assert.doesNotMatch(atEntry, /never/);
+});
+
+test('leaving a city mid-load does not leave the row on LOADING', async () => {
+  const layer = makeLiveLayer();
+  layer.source.gates.set(`${BOSTON_ID}:info`, deferred());
+  await layer.enable();
+  const entering = layer.moveTo(BOSTON);
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(layer.state._loading, true);
+
+  await layer.moveTo(LONDON);
+  await entering;
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(layer.state._loading, false);
+  assert.match(layer.live(), /No bike share here yet/);
+  assert.equal(layer.lastPainted(), layer.live());
+});
+
+test('a camera nudge during the first load still repaints the drawn stations', async () => {
+  const layer = makeLiveLayer();
+  const status = deferred();
+  layer.source.gates.set(`${BOSTON_ID}:status`, status);
+  await layer.enable();
+  const entering = layer.moveTo(BOSTON);
+  await settle();
+  assert.ok(layer.state._cityRuntime.has(BOSTON_ID), 'points are drawn');
+
+  await layer.moveTo(BOSTON_NUDGED);
+  status.resolve();
+  await entering;
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(layer.state._count, 1, 'one station on the map');
+  assert.equal(layer.lastPainted(), layer.live());
+});
+
+test('leaving a city whose load failed repaints the error away', async () => {
+  const layer = makeLiveLayer();
+  layer.source.dead.add(BOSTON_ID);
+  await layer.enable();
+  await layer.moveTo(BOSTON);
+  await settle();
+  assert.match(layer.lastPainted(), /GBFS fetch error/i);
+
+  await layer.moveTo(LONDON);
+  await settle();
+  assert.match(layer.live(), /No bike share here yet/);
+  assert.equal(layer.lastPainted(), layer.live());
+});
+
+test('leaving the failed city of two repaints DEGRADED away', async () => {
+  const layer = makeLiveLayer();
+  layer.source.dead.add(BUFFALO_ID);
+  await layer.enable();
+  await layer.moveTo(BETWEEN);
+  await settle();
+  assert.match(layer.lastPainted(), /^degraded/);
+
+  await layer.moveTo(TORONTO_ONLY);
+  await settle();
+  assert.doesNotMatch(layer.live(), /^degraded/);
+  assert.equal(layer.lastPainted(), layer.live());
+});
+
+test('above the altitude gate the row says how low to fly', async () => {
+  const layer = makeLiveLayer();
+  await layer.enable();
+  await layer.moveTo(LONDON, 2_000_000);
+  const stats = layer.stats();
+  assert.equal(stats.status, 'zoom-in');
+  assert.equal(stats.statusMessage, 'Fly below 48 km to a covered city');
+  assert.equal(stats.error, undefined);
+});
+
+test('a city with no system says so and counts the ones there are', async () => {
+  const layer = makeLiveLayer();
+  await layer.enable();
+  const stats = layer.stats();
+  assert.equal(stats.status, 'zoom-in');
+  assert.equal(
+    stats.statusMessage,
+    `No bike share here yet · ${GBFS_CITY_REGISTRY.length} systems available`,
+  );
+  assert.equal(stats.count, 0);
+});
+
+test('a city in range, loading, failed or a disabled layer gets no prompt', async () => {
+  const layer = makeLiveLayer();
+  assert.equal(layer.stats().status, undefined, 'disabled');
+
+  const info = deferred();
+  layer.source.gates.set(`${BOSTON_ID}:info`, info);
+  await layer.enable();
+  const entering = layer.moveTo(BOSTON);
+  assert.equal(layer.stats().status, undefined, 'loading');
+  info.resolve();
+  await entering;
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(layer.stats().status, undefined, 'loaded');
+
+  // Left mid-load: range is empty, but the aborted load still owns the row.
+  const leaving = makeLiveLayer();
+  leaving.source.gates.set(`${BOSTON_ID}:info`, deferred());
+  await leaving.enable();
+  const loading = leaving.moveTo(BOSTON);
+  await settle();
+  const left = leaving.moveTo(LONDON);
+  assert.equal(leaving.state._activeCityIds.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(leaving.stats().loading, true);
+  assert.equal(leaving.stats().status, undefined, 'leaving mid-load');
+  await Promise.all([loading, left]);
+
+  const failed = makeLiveLayer();
+  failed.source.dead.add(BOSTON_ID);
+  await failed.enable();
+  await failed.moveTo(BOSTON);
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(failed.stats().status, undefined, 'failed');
+  assert.equal(failed.stats().error, 'GBFS fetch error');
+});
+
+test('leaving every system behind drops the date of the data it drew', async () => {
+  for (const height of [LOW_M, 2_000_000]) {
+    const layer = makeLiveLayer();
+    await layer.enable();
+    await layer.moveTo(BOSTON);
+    await settle();
+    assert.ok(layer.stats().lastUpdate, 'Boston is dated');
+
+    await layer.moveTo(LONDON, height);
+    assert.equal(layer.stats().lastUpdate, null, `at ${height} m`);
+  }
+});

src/layers/bikeshare/state.js

@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ export function createState({ services }) {
 
   layerState._viewer = null;
 
+  /** @type {{ refreshLayerStats?: (layerId?: string) => void }|null} Manager that repaints the layer's row. */
+
+  layerState._dataManager = null;
+
   /** @type {Cesium.PointPrimitiveCollection|null} Primitive collection for station dots. */
 
   layerState._pointCollection = null;

src/layers/bikeshare/viewport.js

@@ -116,6 +116,11 @@ export function createViewport({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
     parts.rendering.removeCityPoints(cityId);
   }
 
+  /** Repaint the row now: it follows the camera, the manager tick is 60 s. */
+  function refreshRow() {
+    layerState._dataManager?.refreshLayerStats?.('bikeshare');
+  }
+
   /** Deactivate all currently active cities and clear the active set. */
 
   function deactivateAllCities() {
@@ -125,6 +130,8 @@ export function createViewport({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
     // A failure belongs to a city in range; none are once everything is off.
     layerState._failedCityIds.clear();
     layerState._count = 0;
+    // Nothing is left on the map to date.
+    layerState._lastUpdate = null;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -203,9 +210,11 @@ export function createViewport({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
 
     const generation = ++layerState._proximityGeneration;
     const altitude = getCameraAltitude(layerState._viewer);
+    const wasGateEnabled = layerState._altitudeGateEnabled;
     // Altitude gate: disable all cities when camera is too high
     if (!shouldActivateAtAltitude(altitude)) {
       deactivateAllCities();
+      if (wasGateEnabled) refreshRow();
       return;
     }
 
@@ -220,15 +229,25 @@ export function createViewport({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
       }
     }
     // A failure never outlives its city's range.
+    let failureCleared = false;
     for (const cityId of layerState._failedCityIds) {
-      if (!nextActive.has(cityId)) layerState._failedCityIds.delete(cityId);
+      if (!nextActive.has(cityId)) {
+        layerState._failedCityIds.delete(cityId);
+        failureCleared = true;
+      }
     }
 
+    const changed =
+      !wasGateEnabled ||
+      failureCleared ||
+      nextActive.size !== layerState._activeCityIds.size ||
+      [...nextActive].some((cityId) => !layerState._activeCityIds.has(cityId));
     layerState._activeCityIds = nextActive;
-    if (layerState._activeCityIds.size === 0) {
+    if (nextActive.size === 0) {
       layerState._count = 0;
-      return;
+      layerState._lastUpdate = null;
     }
+    if (changed) refreshRow();
 
     // Only activate cities that don't already have rendered points
     const toActivate = [];
@@ -240,6 +259,9 @@ export function createViewport({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
     await Promise.all(
       toActivate.map((cityId) => activateCity(cityId, generation)),
     );
+    // Superseded loads repaint too: a newer check may have painted the row
+    // while this one was still loading, or found nothing to load itself.
+    if (layerState._enabled) refreshRow();
   }
 
   /** Schedule a debounced proximity check after camera movement. */

src/layers/flights/hiddenContactRotation.test.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { createFlightState } from './state.js';
+import { createRendering } from './rendering.js';
+import {
+  FLEET_DR_INTERVAL_MS,
+  HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_INTERVAL_MS,
+  HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_TICKS,
+  hiddenContactDrPhase,
+} from './policy.js';
+
+// Contacts hidden behind the horizon re-reckon on one fleet tick per rotation
+// instead of every tick. Their positions still feed hidden-inclusive proximity
+// queries, so the rotation must reach every contact about once a second, and
+// it must spread them across ticks so no single tick carries the whole fleet.
+
+const icao = (n) => n.toString(16).padStart(6, '0');
+
+test('the rotation revisits each hidden contact about once a second', () => {
+  const periodMs = HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_TICKS * FLEET_DR_INTERVAL_MS;
+  assert.ok(HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_TICKS > 1);
+  assert.ok(
+    Math.abs(periodMs - HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_INTERVAL_MS) <= FLEET_DR_INTERVAL_MS,
+  );
+});
+
+test('a contact keeps the same slot, inside the rotation', () => {
+  for (let n = 0; n < 500; n++) {
+    const phase = hiddenContactDrPhase(icao(n * 7919));
+    assert.ok(Number.isInteger(phase));
+    assert.ok(phase >= 0 && phase < HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_TICKS);
+    assert.equal(hiddenContactDrPhase(icao(n * 7919)), phase);
+  }
+});
+
+test('a worldwide fleet is spread evenly enough that no tick carries a burst', () => {
+  const fleet = 13000;
+  const perSlot = new Array(HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_TICKS).fill(0);
+  // Real ICAO24 addresses cluster by national block; sample several blocks.
+  for (let n = 0; n < fleet; n++)
+    perSlot[hiddenContactDrPhase(icao(0x0a0000 + n * 53))]++;
+  const fair = fleet / HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_TICKS;
+  for (const count of perSlot) assert.ok(count < fair * 1.5, `${count} > 1.5×`);
+});
+
+/** Real fleet tick and horizon culling, with motion and presentation injected. */
+function fleetFixture() {
+  let now = 1000;
+  let reckonings = 0;
+  const services = {
+    groundSnap: { createGroundSnap: () => ({ clear() {} }) },
+    militaryRegistry: { isMilitaryIcao: () => false },
+    aircraftPresentation: { isTr3b: () => false },
+    camera: {},
+    focus: {
+      focusNowMs: () => now,
+      getFocusTarget: () => null,
+      nearFarScalarValueAtDistance: () => 1,
+      advanceProjectedSpriteFocus: () => ({ factor: 1 }),
+    },
+    recession: {
+      applyAircraftBillboardTreatment: () => ({
+        factors: { scale: 1 },
+        alpha: 1,
+      }),
+    },
+  };
+  const flightState = createFlightState({ services });
+  const camera = {
+    positionWC: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(0, 0, 100),
+    positionCartographic: { height: 100 },
+    heading: 0,
+    pitch: 0,
+    roll: 0,
+    frustum: {
+      computeCullingVolume: () => ({
+        computeVisibility: () => Cesium.Intersect.INSIDE,
+      }),
+    },
+  };
+  const id = 'abc123';
+  // 111 km away at ground level is beyond a 100 m camera's horizon, but
+  // inside the model keep radius. No WebGL scene is needed for the culler.
+  const billboard = {
+    show: false,
+    position: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(1, 0, 0),
+  };
+  flightState._viewer = { camera, scene: {} };
+  flightState._billboardCollection = { show: true };
+  flightState._billboards.set(id, billboard);
+  flightState.records.data.set(id, {});
+  flightState._models3dEnabled = false;
+  // Far cockpit contacts avoid glyph rasterization, keeping the fixture DOM-free.
+  flightState._cockpitContactMode = true;
+  const parts = {
+    tracking: { _refreshCockpitNearContacts() {} },
+    motion: {
+      _deadReckon() {
+        reckonings++;
+        return billboard.position;
+      },
+      _floorGroundedDisplayPosition(id, info, position) {
+        return position;
+      },
+    },
+  };
+  const rendering = createRendering({ flightState, services, parts });
+  return {
+    flightState,
+    camera,
+    billboard,
+    id,
+    reckonings: () => reckonings,
+    tick() {
+      now += FLEET_DR_INTERVAL_MS;
+      rendering._fleetTick();
+    },
+    offTurn() {
+      flightState._fleetTickSeq =
+        (hiddenContactDrPhase(id) + 1) % HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_TICKS;
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+test('the fleet tick dead-reckons a hidden contact once per complete rotation', () => {
+  const f = fleetFixture();
+  for (let i = 0; i < HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_TICKS; i++) f.tick();
+  assert.equal(f.reckonings(), 1);
+  assert.equal(f.billboard.show, false);
+});
+
+test('a camera reveal bypasses the hidden rotation on the same fleet tick', () => {
+  const f = fleetFixture();
+  f.offTurn();
+  f.tick();
+  assert.equal(f.reckonings(), 0);
+  f.camera.positionWC = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(1, 0, 100);
+  f.offTurn();
+  f.tick();
+  assert.equal(f.reckonings(), 1);
+  assert.equal(f.billboard.show, true);
+});
+
+test('a hidden contact with a retained fleet model is never rotation-skipped', () => {
+  const f = fleetFixture();
+  f.flightState._models3dEnabled = true;
+  const model = { ready: true, show: true };
+  f.flightState._models.set(f.id, model);
+  f.offTurn();
+  f.tick();
+  assert.equal(f.reckonings(), 1);
+  assert.equal(
+    f.flightState._models.get(f.id),
+    model,
+    'model remains in keep range',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    model.show,
+    false,
+    'the full pass hides its model beyond the horizon',
+  );
+});

src/layers/flights/policy.js

@@ -198,6 +198,37 @@ export const FLEET_DR_INTERVAL_MS = 80;
 
 export const ROTATION_REFRESH_MS = 1000;
 
+/**
+ * @constant {number} Dead-reckoning cadence (ms) for contacts hidden behind the
+ * horizon. The worldwide feed carries ~13k contacts and a zoomed-in view shows
+ * well under 1% of them; the rest still need positions for hidden-inclusive
+ * proximity queries, but ~1 s old (≈250 m for an airliner) is well inside the
+ * 30 s poll's own uncertainty. Each hidden contact is re-reckoned on one tick in
+ * every HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_TICKS, staggered by id so no tick carries them all.
+ */
+
+export const HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_INTERVAL_MS = 1000;
+
+export const HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_TICKS = Math.max(
+  1,
+  Math.round(HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_INTERVAL_MS / FLEET_DR_INTERVAL_MS),
+);
+
+/**
+ * Stable slot in [0, HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_TICKS) for a contact id, so each hidden
+ * contact re-reckons on the same tick of every rotation.
+ * @param {string} id Contact id (ICAO24).
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+
+export function hiddenContactDrPhase(id) {
+  const text = String(id);
+  let hash = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < text.length; i++)
+    hash = (hash * 31 + text.charCodeAt(i)) >>> 0;
+  return hash % HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_TICKS;
+}
+
 /** Max course slew (deg/s) — well above real turns (≤4°/s), hides fix-boundary
  *  steps. Scaled down toward COURSE_MIN_DPS at low speed (courseSlewCapDps). */
 

src/layers/flights/rendering.js

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ import {
   COURSE_SLEW_DT_MAX_SEC,
   ROTATION_REFRESH_MS,
   COURSE_MAX_DPS,
+  HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_TICKS,
+  hiddenContactDrPhase,
 } from './policy.js';
 import { AIRCRAFT_ENVIRONMENT_MAP_OPTIONS } from '../../data/aircraftModelLighting.js';
 
@@ -839,6 +841,12 @@ export function createRendering({
     }
   }
 
+  /** The contact's hidden-rotation slot, cached on its billboard. */
+  function _hiddenDrPhase(bb, icao24) {
+    bb._gevHiddenDrPhase ??= hiddenContactDrPhase(icao24);
+    return bb._gevHiddenDrPhase;
+  }
+
   function _fleetTick() {
     if (
       !flightState._viewer ||
@@ -965,9 +973,25 @@ export function createRendering({
       for (const icao of toRelease) _releaseModel(icao);
     }
 
+    const hiddenDrPhase = flightState._fleetTickSeq++ % HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_TICKS;
+
     for (const [icao24, bb] of flightState._billboards) {
       if (icao24 === flightState._trackedIcao) continue; // tracked entity owns its own motion
 
+      // A contact still behind the horizon at its last position would only be
+      // re-reckoned to be hidden again, so off its turn it keeps that position
+      // (see HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_TICKS). Anything the stale position puts in view,
+      // and any contact with a fleet model, takes the full pass below at once.
+      if (
+        !bb.show &&
+        _hiddenDrPhase(bb, icao24) !== hiddenDrPhase &&
+        !flightState._models.has(icao24) &&
+        !occluder.isPointVisible(
+          flightState._cullPositions.get(icao24) || bb.position,
+        )
+      )
+        continue;
+
       const info = flightState.records.data.get(icao24);
 
       const dr = parts.motion._deadReckon(

src/layers/flights/state.js

@@ -204,6 +204,10 @@ export function createFlightState({ source, services }) {
 
   flightState._lastFleetTickMs = 0;
 
+  /** @type {number} Fleet ticks run; selects which hidden contacts re-reckon */
+
+  flightState._fleetTickSeq = 0;
+
   /** @type {string} Camera pose signature at the last rotation pass */
 
   flightState._lastCamPoseSig = '';

src/layers/transit/lifecycle.test.mjs

@@ -3982,3 +3982,54 @@ test('parked transit reprojects held and reported courses at the bounded camera
     'selected unknown course also stays screen-up',
   );
 });
+
+test('a view with no feed reads its coverage prompt, not an undated feed', async (t) => {
+  const app = harness(t);
+  app.serve('mbta', () => ({
+    status: 200,
+    body: snapshot(
+      'mbta',
+      'MBTA',
+      [vehicle('bus-1', 42.36, -71.06, Date.now() / 1000)],
+      { fetchedAt: Date.now() },
+    ),
+  }));
+  app.layer.enable(app.viewer);
+  await app.layer.update();
+  assert.ok(app.layer.getStats().lastUpdate, 'Boston has a dated snapshot');
+
+  // London has no registered feed: the row prompts instead of dating Boston's
+  // last snapshot over an empty map.
+  app.lookAt({ west: -0.2, south: 51.45, east: -0.05, north: 51.55 });
+  app.advance(1_000);
+  const away = app.layer.getStats();
+  assert.equal(away.status, 'zoom-in');
+  assert.equal(away.count, 0);
+  assert.equal(away.lastUpdate, null);
+  assert.match(
+    away.statusMessage,
+    /^No feed here yet · \d+ regions available$/,
+  );
+  assert.equal(away.coverage, away.statusMessage);
+
+  // Above the altitude gate the prompt says how low to fly.
+  app.viewer.camera.positionCartographic.height = 10_000_000;
+  app.lookAt({ west: -0.2, south: 51.45, east: -0.05, north: 51.55 });
+  app.advance(1_000);
+  assert.equal(
+    app.layer.getStats().statusMessage,
+    'Fly below 2,850 km to a covered region',
+  );
+});
+
+test('the prompt names the altitude the gate opens at, not 3,000 km', async (t) => {
+  // 2,900 km is under ACTIVATION_ALTITUDE_M but above the enter threshold.
+  const app = harness(t, { altitude: 2_900_000 });
+  app.layer.enable(app.viewer);
+  await app.layer.update();
+  assert.deepEqual(app.requested, [], 'nothing loads over Boston');
+  assert.equal(
+    app.layer.getStats().statusMessage,
+    'Fly below 2,850 km to a covered region',
+  );
+});

src/layers/transit/queries.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import {
-  ACTIVATION_ALTITUDE_M,
+  ACTIVATION_ENTER_ALTITUDE_M,
   FEED_STALE_AFTER_MS,
   aggregateTransitFeedHealth,
   transitDetectionClass,
@@ -245,17 +245,19 @@ export function createQueries({ state, parts }) {
       const health = aggregateTransitFeedHealth(statuses, now);
       const count = state._vehicles.size;
       if (state._enabled && active.length === 0) {
+        // English: the analyst's empty note and the row's prompt, both shown
+        // through translateStatusMessage (ui/statusText.js).
+        const note = state._altitudeGateOpen
+          ? `No feed here yet · ${TRANSIT_REGION_COUNT} regions available`
+          : `Fly below ${Math.round(ACTIVATION_ENTER_ALTITUDE_M / 1000).toLocaleString('en-US')} km to a covered region`;
         return {
           count: 0,
           lastUpdate: state._lastUpdate,
           error: null,
           source: 'GTFS-RT',
           status: 'zoom-in',
-          // English data (the analyst's empty note to the model); the voice
-          // card shows it through NOTE_PATTERNS (voice/resultDisplay.js).
-          coverage: state._altitudeGateOpen
-            ? `No feed here yet · ${TRANSIT_REGION_COUNT} regions available`
-            : `Fly below ${Math.round(ACTIVATION_ALTITUDE_M / 1000).toLocaleString('en-US')} km to a covered region`,
+          statusMessage: note,
+          coverage: note,
         };
       }
       // Age is shown by the same rule the row state uses, so the text and the

src/layers/transit/refreshErrorRepaint.test.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// Transit: a manager tick that failed over Boston must not keep its error on
+// the row the coverage repaint draws after the camera leaves for London.
+import { test } from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { createState } from './state.js';
+import { createViewport } from './viewport.js';
+import { createQueries } from './queries.js';
+import { LayerLifecycle } from '../../data/lifecycle.js';
+import { LayerPanel, layerFeedState } from '../../ui/layerPanel.js';
+
+const rad = Math.PI / 180;
+const LONDON = { lat: 51.5072, lon: -0.1276 };
+const BOSTON = { lat: 42.3601, lon: -71.0589 };
+
+function viewer(at, height) {
+  return {
+    camera: {
+      positionCartographic: {
+        height,
+        latitude: at.lat * rad,
+        longitude: at.lon * rad,
+      },
+      computeViewRectangle: () => undefined,
+    },
+    scene: { globe: {} },
+  };
+}
+
+test('leaving a feed whose tick failed repaints its error away', async () => {
+  const services = {
+    overlays: {
+      setOverlayEntries() {},
+      setOverlaySourceVisible() {},
+      clearOverlaySource() {},
+    },
+    render: { governorRequestRender() {} },
+  };
+  const state = createState({ services });
+  const feedStatus = (feedId) => {
+    if (!state._feedStatus.has(feedId))
+      state._feedStatus.set(feedId, { count: 0, error: null, loading: false });
+    return state._feedStatus.get(feedId);
+  };
+  const parts = {
+    ingestion: {
+      feedStatus,
+      // As pollFeed's catch does when the proxy answers 503.
+      pollFeed(feed) {
+        Object.assign(feedStatus(feed.id), {
+          error: `${feed.name} feed unavailable`,
+          loading: false,
+        });
+        return Promise.resolve();
+      },
+      removeFeedVehicles() {},
+      sweepAgedVehicles() {},
+    },
+    rendering: { requestVisibility() {}, syncRenderHold() {} },
+  };
+  parts.viewport = createViewport({ state, services, parts });
+  const queries = createQueries({ state, parts }).methods;
+  state._enabled = true;
+
+  const lifecycle = new LayerLifecycle(null);
+  lifecycle.register({
+    id: 'transit',
+    name: 'Transit',
+    source: 'GTFS-RT',
+    getStats: () => queries.getStats(),
+    async update() {},
+  });
+  const entry = lifecycle.layers.get('transit');
+  entry.enabled = true;
+  entry.lifecycleState = 'enabled';
+  entry.initialized = true;
+
+  const row = () => {
+    const layer = lifecycle.getAll()[0];
+    return `${layerFeedState(layer.stats)} | ${LayerPanel.prototype._buildMetaText(layer)}`;
+  };
+  const painted = [];
+  state._dataManager = {
+    refreshLayerStats(layerId) {
+      lifecycle.refreshLayerStats(layerId);
+      painted.push(row());
+    },
+  };
+
+  state._viewer = viewer(BOSTON, 4_000);
+  parts.viewport.runProximityCheck();
+  await lifecycle.refreshLayer('transit');
+  assert.match(row(), /feed unavailable/, 'the tick recorded the failure');
+
+  const before = painted.length;
+  state._viewer = viewer(LONDON, 4_000);
+  parts.viewport.runProximityCheck();
+  assert.equal(queries.getStats().status, 'zoom-in');
+  assert.ok(painted.length > before, 'leaving Boston repainted the row');
+  assert.doesNotMatch(painted.at(-1), /feed unavailable/);
+});

src/layers/transit/state.js

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ export function createState({ services }) {
   state._cockpitVision = false;
   /** @type {Array<[string, EventListener]>} window listeners to remove on destroy. */
   state._styleListeners = [];
-  /** @type {{ refreshLayerStats?: () => void }|null} */
+  /** @type {{ refreshLayerStats?: (layerId?: string) => void }|null} */
   state._dataManager = null;
   /** @type {number|null} */
   state._lastUpdate = null;

src/layers/transit/viewport.js

@@ -83,7 +83,9 @@ export function createViewport({ state, services, parts }) {
     if (!state._enabled || !state._viewer) return;
     refreshViewBounds();
     const altitude = getCameraAltitude();
+    const wasGateOpen = state._altitudeGateOpen;
     state._altitudeGateOpen = altitudeGateOpen(altitude);
+    let changed = state._altitudeGateOpen !== wasGateOpen;
     const center = state._altitudeGateOpen ? getCameraCenterLatLon() : null;
     const desired = new Map();
     if (center) {
@@ -106,17 +108,23 @@ export function createViewport({ state, services, parts }) {
         state._activeFeeds.delete(feedId);
         state._feedStatus.delete(feedId);
         parts.ingestion.removeFeedVehicles(feedId);
+        changed = true;
       }
     }
+    // Nothing is left on the map to date.
+    if (desired.size === 0) state._lastUpdate = null;
     for (const [feedId, feed] of desired) {
       if (!state._activeFeeds.has(feedId)) {
         state._activeFeeds.set(feedId, feed);
         void parts.ingestion.pollFeed(feed, state._generation);
+        changed = true;
       }
     }
     parts.ingestion.sweepAgedVehicles(Date.now());
     parts.rendering.syncRenderHold();
     governorRequestRender('transit-proximity');
+    // Repaint now: the row follows the camera, the manager tick is 15 s.
+    if (changed) state._dataManager?.refreshLayerStats?.('transit');
   }
 
   function onCameraChanged() {

src/ui/layerPanel.js

@@ -11,14 +11,17 @@ import {
 } from './layerNames.js';
 export { localizeLayerName } from './layerNames.js';
 import { createWeatherPanel } from './weatherPanel.js';
-import { translateFeedError, translateStatusLine } from './statusText.js';
+import {
+  translateFeedError,
+  translateStatusLine,
+  translateStatusMessage,
+} from './statusText.js';
 import {
   formatNumber,
   getLocale,
   msg,
   onLocaleChange,
   t,
-  translateKnown,
 } from '../i18n/index.js';
 
 // Feed-state values are machine ids (QA hooks, CSS feed-* classes); only the
@@ -695,7 +698,7 @@ export class LayerPanel {
       typeof stats.statusMessage === 'string' &&
       stats.statusMessage.trim()
     ) {
-      return `${source} · ${translateKnown(stats.statusMessage.trim())}`;
+      return `${source} · ${translateStatusMessage(stats.statusMessage.trim())}`;
     }
     const ago = stats.lastUpdate ? this._timeAgo(stats.lastUpdate) : t('never');
     if (stats.loading) {

src/ui/layerPanel.test.mjs

@@ -452,3 +452,57 @@ test('without the Utilities list, Directions stays in Data Layers under Utilitie
     restore();
   }
 });
+
+test('a layer with no feed in view says why instead of "never"', async () => {
+  const { LayerPanel, presentLayerCount, presentLayerToggle } =
+    await import('./layerPanel.js');
+  const { setLocale } = await import('../i18n/index.js');
+  const panel = LayerPanel.prototype;
+  const rows = [
+    {
+      id: 'transit',
+      name: 'Transit',
+      source: 'GTFS-RT',
+      enabled: true,
+      stats: {
+        count: 0,
+        lastUpdate: null,
+        source: 'GTFS-RT',
+        status: 'zoom-in',
+        statusMessage: 'No feed here yet · 16 regions available',
+      },
+      meta: 'GTFS-RT · No feed here yet · 16 regions available',
+    },
+    {
+      id: 'bikeshare',
+      name: 'Bikeshare',
+      source: 'GBFS',
+      enabled: true,
+      stats: {
+        count: 0,
+        lastUpdate: null,
+        loading: false,
+        status: 'zoom-in',
+        statusMessage: 'Fly below 48 km to a covered city',
+      },
+      meta: 'GBFS · Fly below 48 km to a covered city',
+    },
+  ];
+  for (const layer of rows) {
+    // Guidance is normal operation: the layer is on and nothing has failed.
+    assert.equal(presentLayerToggle(layer).text, 'ON');
+    assert.equal(presentLayerCount(layer.stats).empty, true);
+    assert.equal(panel._buildMetaText(layer), layer.meta);
+  }
+
+  setLocale('ru');
+  try {
+    for (const layer of rows) {
+      const meta = panel._buildMetaText(layer);
+      assert.doesNotMatch(meta, /never|Fly below|No feed|covered/, meta);
+      assert.match(meta, /^(GTFS-RT|GBFS) · /, meta);
+    }
+  } finally {
+    setLocale('en');
+  }
+});

src/ui/statusText.js

@@ -265,3 +265,64 @@ export function translateStatusLine(text) {
     .map(translateStatusPiece)
     .join(STATUS_SEPARATOR);
 }
+
+/** Thousands separators out of an English number ("3,000" → 3000). */
+const englishNumber = (text) => Number(text.replace(/,/g, ''));
+
+// Coverage notes (transit/queries.js, bikeshare/controls.js). Their " · " is
+// inside one sentence, so they match whole before the line is split.
+const COVERAGE_NOTE_PATTERNS = [
+  [
+    /^Fly below ([\d,]+) km to a covered region$/,
+    ([, km]) =>
+      t('Fly below {km} km to a covered region', {
+        km: formatNumber(englishNumber(km)),
+      }),
+  ],
+  [
+    /^No feed here yet · ([\d,]+) regions available$/,
+    ([, regions]) => {
+      const count = englishNumber(regions);
+      return tn(
+        count,
+        'No feed here yet · {n} region available',
+        'No feed here yet · {n} regions available',
+        { n: formatNumber(count) },
+      );
+    },
+  ],
+  [
+    /^Fly below ([\d,]+) km to a covered city$/,
+    ([, km]) =>
+      t('Fly below {km} km to a covered city', {
+        km: formatNumber(englishNumber(km)),
+      }),
+  ],
+  [
+    /^No bike share here yet · ([\d,]+) systems available$/,
+    ([, systems]) => {
+      const count = englishNumber(systems);
+      return tn(
+        count,
+        'No bike share here yet · {n} system available',
+        'No bike share here yet · {n} systems available',
+        { n: formatNumber(count) },
+      );
+    },
+  ],
+];
+
+/**
+ * A layer's status message in the UI language: its catalog entry, a coverage
+ * note by its shape, or a status line translated piece by piece.
+ */
+export function translateStatusMessage(text) {
+  if (typeof text !== 'string') return text;
+  const known = translateKnown(text);
+  if (known !== text) return known;
+  for (const [pattern, format] of COVERAGE_NOTE_PATTERNS) {
+    const match = pattern.exec(text);
+    if (match) return format(match);
+  }
+  return translateStatusLine(text);
+}

src/ui/statusText.test.mjs

@@ -3,7 +3,11 @@
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import test from 'node:test';
 import { setLocale, t } from '../i18n/index.js';
-import { translateFeedError, translateStatusLine } from './statusText.js';
+import {
+  translateFeedError,
+  translateStatusLine,
+  translateStatusMessage,
+} from './statusText.js';
 
 function inLocale(locale, run) {
   setLocale(locale);
@@ -75,3 +79,55 @@ for (const locale of ['es', 'ru']) {
     });
   });
 }
+
+// A layer's coverage note when no feed covers the view: one sentence with a
+// " · " in it (transit/queries.js, bikeshare/controls.js).
+const COVERAGE_NOTES = [
+  'Fly below 2,850 km to a covered region',
+  'No feed here yet · 16 regions available',
+  'Fly below 48 km to a covered city',
+  'No bike share here yet · 61 systems available',
+];
+
+test('en: coverage notes show as they came', () => {
+  setLocale('en');
+  for (const text of COVERAGE_NOTES)
+    assert.equal(translateStatusMessage(text), text);
+  assert.equal(
+    translateStatusMessage('No bike share here yet · 1 systems available'),
+    'No bike share here yet · 1 system available',
+  );
+});
+
+for (const locale of ['es', 'ru', 'ja']) {
+  test(`${locale}: a coverage note translates whole, numbers kept`, () => {
+    inLocale(locale, () => {
+      for (const text of COVERAGE_NOTES) {
+        const shown = translateStatusMessage(text);
+        assert.doesNotMatch(
+          shown,
+          /\b(Fly|below|covered|feed|bike share|available)\b/,
+          shown,
+        );
+        const number = /[\d,]+(?= km| regions| systems)/.exec(text)[0];
+        assert.ok(
+          shown.replace(/[^\d]/g, '').includes(number.replace(/,/g, '')),
+          shown,
+        );
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  test(`${locale}: a status message without a coverage note keeps its other forms`, () => {
+    inLocale(locale, () => {
+      assert.equal(
+        translateStatusMessage('Upstream response too large'),
+        t('Upstream response too large'),
+      );
+      assert.equal(
+        translateStatusMessage('2 feeds live · 14 heard'),
+        translateStatusLine('2 feeds live · 14 heard'),
+      );
+    });
+  });
+}

src/voice/analystEmptyNotes.test.mjs

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ const cases = [
 
 // Transit's coverage text when nothing is in view (transit/queries.js).
 const transitCoverage = [
-  'transit: Fly below 3,000 km to a covered region',
+  'transit: Fly below 2,850 km to a covered region',
   'transit: No feed here yet · 12 regions available',
 ];
 

src/voice/resultDisplay.js

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import {
 } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { layerNameForId, sourceLabel } from '../ui/layerNames.js';
 import { localizePlaceName } from '../ui/placeNames.js';
-import { translateStatusLine } from '../ui/statusText.js';
+import { translateStatusMessage } from '../ui/statusText.js';
 import { formatQuantity } from '../ui/unitLabels.js';
 
 /** Split "a; b" caveat text into separate notes. */
@@ -397,27 +397,6 @@ const NOTE_PATTERNS = [
             'Contacts panel snapshot — the same retained cohort supplies the card, speech, and follow-up memory',
           )) + period,
   ],
-  // Transit's empty note when no feed covers the view (transit/queries.js);
-  // the model gets the English.
-  [
-    /^Fly below ([\d,]+) km to a covered region$/,
-    ([, km]) =>
-      t('Fly below {km} km to a covered region', {
-        km: formatNumber(Number(km.replace(/,/g, ''))),
-      }),
-  ],
-  [
-    /^No feed here yet · ([\d,]+) regions available$/,
-    ([, regions]) => {
-      const count = Number(regions.replace(/,/g, ''));
-      return tn(
-        count,
-        'No feed here yet · {n} region available',
-        'No feed here yet · {n} regions available',
-        { n: formatNumber(count) },
-      );
-    },
-  ],
   [
     /^([a-z0-9-]+) (off|loading|error)$/,
     ([, key, status]) =>
@@ -444,10 +423,10 @@ function shownNote(text) {
     const shown = match ? show(match) : null;
     if (shown) return shown;
   }
-  // A layer's empty note can be its status line, English pieces joined by
-  // " · " ("feeds 1090, 978 stale · 0 heard", "TTC 0 (95s old)").
-  const known = translateKnown(text);
-  return known !== text ? known : translateStatusLine(text);
+  // A layer's empty note can be its coverage note ("Fly below 2,850 km to a
+  // covered region") or its status line, English pieces joined by " · "
+  // ("feeds 1090, 978 stale · 0 heard", "TTC 0 (95s old)").
+  return translateStatusMessage(text);
 }
 
 /** Feed states as the card's chips show them; the values stay English. */