refactor(space): separate satellite and mission layer components

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## Satellite and mission layer components
+
+- Separate catalog loading, orbit calculations, display, tracking and interaction
+  into instance-owned satellite components.
+- Separate mission ingestion, paths, placement, cards, roster, replay and camera
+  operations, retaining existing layer controls and satellite coordination.
+- Cancel late mission source work and reject malformed launch snapshots.
+
 ## Fire layer components
 
 - Split fire source loading, state, rendering, cards, selection and viewport work

docs/CURRENT-STATE.md

@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 # God's Eye View Current State
 
+Satellite and mission layers expose separate factories through `./layers/satellites`
+and `./layers/launches`. Each owns its catalog, render state, tracking, interaction
+and teardown. Source adapters retain the existing CelesTrak and Launch Library
+endpoints; standalone entries provide scene services and the satellite dependency.
+The mission factory separates paths, replay, camera, panel, overlays and placement.
+Pending mission requests abort on disable/destruction and malformed launch
+snapshots preserve the last accepted display. Catalog groups, propagation cadence,
+tracking intent, replay timing, controls and source attribution remain unchanged.
+
 The fire layer now exposes `./layers/firms`: an instance factory with separate
 snapshot requests, records, rendering, cards, selection, viewport scheduling and
 terrain-anchor batching. The standalone entry supplies the existing FIRMS source

package.json

@@ -148,6 +148,8 @@
     "./aircraft": "./src/layers/aircraft/index.js",
     "./layers/vessels": "./src/layers/vessels/index.js",
     "./layers/earthquakes": "./src/layers/earthquakes/index.js",
-    "./layers/firms": "./src/layers/firms/index.js"
+    "./layers/firms": "./src/layers/firms/index.js",
+    "./layers/satellites": "./src/layers/satellites/index.js",
+    "./layers/launches": "./src/layers/launches/index.js"
   }
 }

scripts/format-scope.json

@@ -323,5 +323,42 @@
   "src/layers/firms/source.js",
   "src/layers/firms/state.js",
   "src/layers/firms/viewport.js",
-  "src/layers/firms/source.test.mjs"
+  "src/layers/firms/source.test.mjs",
+  "src/layers/satellites/lifecycle.js",
+  "src/layers/satellites/interaction.js",
+  "src/layers/satellites/controls.js",
+  "src/layers/satellites/source.js",
+  "src/layers/satellites/labels.js",
+  "src/layers/satellites/catalog.js",
+  "src/layers/satellites/state.js",
+  "src/layers/satellites/policy.js",
+  "src/layers/satellites/tracking.js",
+  "src/layers/satellites/rendering.js",
+  "src/layers/satellites/testing.js",
+  "src/layers/satellites/ingestion.js",
+  "src/layers/satellites/index.js",
+  "src/layers/satellites/orbits.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/lifecycle.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/controls.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/panel.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/source.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/policyHelpers.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/replay.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/launchPad.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/state.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/policy.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/rendering.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/testing.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/ingestion.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/overlays.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/orbitRendering.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/index.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/paths.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/model.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/selection.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/camera.js",
+  "src/data/satellites.js",
+  "src/data/rocketLaunches.js",
+  "src/layers/satellites/source.test.mjs",
+  "src/layers/launches/source.test.mjs"
 ]

scripts/package-boundaries.json

@@ -716,5 +716,52 @@
       "src/layers/firms/viewport.js"
     ],
     "external": ["cesium"]
+  },
+  "satellites-layer": {
+    "exports": ["./layers/satellites"],
+    "modules": [
+      "src/data/issPass.js",
+      "src/data/satelliteClass.js",
+      "src/layers/satellites/catalog.js",
+      "src/layers/satellites/controls.js",
+      "src/layers/satellites/index.js",
+      "src/layers/satellites/ingestion.js",
+      "src/layers/satellites/interaction.js",
+      "src/layers/satellites/labels.js",
+      "src/layers/satellites/lifecycle.js",
+      "src/layers/satellites/orbits.js",
+      "src/layers/satellites/policy.js",
+      "src/layers/satellites/rendering.js",
+      "src/layers/satellites/source.js",
+      "src/layers/satellites/state.js",
+      "src/layers/satellites/testing.js",
+      "src/layers/satellites/tracking.js"
+    ],
+    "external": ["cesium", "satellite.js"]
+  },
+  "launches-layer": {
+    "exports": ["./layers/launches"],
+    "modules": [
+      "src/layers/launches/camera.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/controls.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/index.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/ingestion.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/launchPad.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/lifecycle.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/model.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/orbitRendering.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/overlays.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/panel.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/paths.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/policy.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/policyHelpers.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/rendering.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/replay.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/selection.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/source.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/state.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/testing.js"
+    ],
+    "external": ["cesium"]
   }
 }

src/layers/launches/camera.js

@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import {
+  REPLAY_ASCENT_CAMERA_OFFSET_RAD,
+  REPLAY_ORBIT_CAMERA_OFFSET_RAD,
+  MISSION_CLOSE_VIEW_RANGE_M,
+  MISSION_GLOBE_VIEW_RANGE_M,
+  REPLAY_INITIAL_RANGE_M,
+  REPLAY_LOCAL_MAX_RANGE_M,
+  REPLAY_CONTEXT_ALTITUDE_END_M,
+  REPLAY_CONTEXT_MAX_RANGE_M,
+  REPLAY_ORBIT_PULLBACK_FRACTION,
+  REPLAY_ORBIT_GLOBE_RANGE_M,
+  REPLAY_ORBIT_FRAME_CENTER_BLEND,
+} from './policy.js';
+
+export function createCamera({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
+  function cameraHeadingForPath(path, progress, fallback = Math.PI) {
+    if (!path?.length) return fallback;
+    const current = parts.paths.samplePath(path, progress);
+    const currentCartographic =
+      Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84.cartesianToCartographic(current);
+    if (!currentCartographic) return fallback;
+    for (const step of [0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2]) {
+      const next = parts.paths.samplePath(path, Math.min(1, progress + step));
+      const nextCartographic =
+        Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84.cartesianToCartographic(next);
+      if (!nextCartographic) continue;
+      const geodesic = new Cesium.EllipsoidGeodesic(
+        currentCartographic,
+        nextCartographic,
+      );
+      if (
+        geodesic.surfaceDistance > 10 &&
+        Number.isFinite(geodesic.startHeading)
+      ) {
+        // HeadingPitchRange positions the camera opposite its heading vector.
+        // Passing the forward path heading therefore keeps the camera behind
+        // the vehicle, with the remaining ascent receding into the scene.
+        return Cesium.Math.zeroToTwoPi(geodesic.startHeading);
+      }
+    }
+    return fallback;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve the initial replay heading as a profile view of the path.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3[]} path Replay path.
+   * @returns {number} Heading perpendicular to the initial path direction.
+   */
+
+  function replayInitialCameraHeading(path) {
+    return Cesium.Math.zeroToTwoPi(
+      cameraHeadingForPath(path, 0, Math.PI) + Cesium.Math.PI_OVER_TWO,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Keep ascent framing behind and slightly to one side of the vehicle, then
+   * widen that rear-quarter angle as the orbit becomes visible.
+   * @param {number} pathHeading Forward path bearing in radians.
+   * @param {number} orbitBlend Normalized orbit-camera transition.
+   * @returns {number} Cesium HeadingPitchRange heading.
+   */
+
+  function replayChaseCameraHeading(pathHeading, orbitBlend = 0) {
+    const blend = Cesium.Math.clamp(Number(orbitBlend) || 0, 0, 1);
+    return Cesium.Math.zeroToTwoPi(
+      pathHeading +
+        Cesium.Math.lerp(
+          REPLAY_ASCENT_CAMERA_OFFSET_RAD,
+          REPLAY_ORBIT_CAMERA_OFFSET_RAD,
+          blend,
+        ),
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Limit replay-camera yaw changes so a path heading wrap or insertion turn
+   * cannot swing the chase view through the front of the vehicle.
+   * @param {number} previous Previous Cesium heading in radians.
+   * @param {number} desired Desired Cesium heading in radians.
+   * @param {number} [maxStepRad] Maximum angular change for one rendered frame.
+   * @returns {number}
+   */
+
+  function smoothReplayCameraHeading(
+    previous,
+    desired,
+    maxStepRad = Cesium.Math.toRadians(2),
+  ) {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(previous)) return Cesium.Math.zeroToTwoPi(desired);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(desired)) return Cesium.Math.zeroToTwoPi(previous);
+    const delta = Cesium.Math.negativePiToPi(desired - previous);
+    const step = Cesium.Math.clamp(
+      delta,
+      -Math.abs(maxStepRad),
+      Math.abs(maxStepRad),
+    );
+    return Cesium.Math.zeroToTwoPi(previous + step);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Blend from a global nadir view into an oblique local 3D view as the user
+   * approaches a selected launch site.
+   * @param {number} rangeM Camera distance from the launch-site anchor.
+   * @returns {number} Cesium camera pitch in radians.
+   */
+
+  function missionZoomPitch(rangeM) {
+    const range = Math.max(0, Number(rangeM) || 0);
+    const blend = Cesium.Math.clamp(
+      (Math.log(Math.max(range, MISSION_CLOSE_VIEW_RANGE_M)) -
+        Math.log(MISSION_CLOSE_VIEW_RANGE_M)) /
+        (Math.log(MISSION_GLOBE_VIEW_RANGE_M) -
+          Math.log(MISSION_CLOSE_VIEW_RANGE_M)),
+      0,
+      1,
+    );
+    return Cesium.Math.lerp(
+      Cesium.Math.toRadians(-42),
+      -Cesium.Math.PI_OVER_TWO,
+      blend,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve the replay camera offset for either close ascent tracking or the
+   * orbital globe pullback.
+   * @param {{ascending: boolean, phaseProgress: number}} state Replay phase.
+   * @param {number} altitudeM Animated vehicle altitude above the ellipsoid.
+   * @returns {{range: number, pitch: number}}
+   */
+
+  function replayCameraView(state, altitudeM) {
+    const altitude = Math.max(0, Number(altitudeM) || 0);
+    const localRange = Cesium.Math.clamp(
+      REPLAY_INITIAL_RANGE_M + altitude * 0.7,
+      REPLAY_INITIAL_RANGE_M,
+      REPLAY_LOCAL_MAX_RANGE_M,
+    );
+    const rawContextBlend = Cesium.Math.clamp(
+      (altitude - 20000) / (REPLAY_CONTEXT_ALTITUDE_END_M - 20000),
+      0,
+      1,
+    );
+    const contextBlend =
+      rawContextBlend * rawContextBlend * (3 - 2 * rawContextBlend);
+    const contextRange = Cesium.Math.clamp(
+      180000 + altitude * 3.8,
+      MISSION_CLOSE_VIEW_RANGE_M,
+      REPLAY_CONTEXT_MAX_RANGE_M,
+    );
+    const ascentRange = Cesium.Math.lerp(
+      localRange,
+      contextRange,
+      contextBlend,
+    );
+    const ascentPitch = Cesium.Math.lerp(
+      Cesium.Math.toRadians(-20),
+      Cesium.Math.toRadians(-34),
+      contextBlend,
+    );
+    if (state?.ascending) {
+      return { range: ascentRange, pitch: ascentPitch };
+    }
+    const rawBlend = Cesium.Math.clamp(
+      (Number(state?.phaseProgress) || 0) / REPLAY_ORBIT_PULLBACK_FRACTION,
+      0,
+      1,
+    );
+    const blend = rawBlend * rawBlend * (3 - 2 * rawBlend);
+    return {
+      range: Cesium.Math.lerp(ascentRange, REPLAY_ORBIT_GLOBE_RANGE_M, blend),
+      // Keep an oblique tactical view of the complete orbit rather than ending
+      // in a nadir view. This also prevents the camera from appearing to
+      // return toward the launch site after insertion.
+      pitch: Cesium.Math.lerp(ascentPitch, Cesium.Math.toRadians(-45), blend),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Move the orbit-follow target from the vehicle toward its sub-satellite
+   * globe anchor, keeping Earth centered while the vehicle remains in frame.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} position Animated orbital position.
+   * @param {number} orbitBlend Normalized orbit-camera transition.
+   * @returns {Cesium.Cartesian3} Camera look-at target.
+   */
+
+  function replayOrbitGlobeAnchor(position, orbitBlend = 0) {
+    if (!position) return position;
+    const blend = Cesium.Math.clamp(Number(orbitBlend) || 0, 0, 1);
+    if (blend <= 0) return Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(position);
+    const cartographic =
+      Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84.cartesianToCartographic(position);
+    if (!cartographic) return Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(position);
+    const altitude = Math.max(0, cartographic.height || 0);
+    return Cesium.Cartesian3.fromRadians(
+      cartographic.longitude,
+      cartographic.latitude,
+      Cesium.Math.lerp(altitude, altitude * 0.1, blend),
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Keep the orbital camera's look-at frame biased toward the moving vehicle.
+   * Blending completely to a whole-orbit bounding-sphere center can place the
+   * target at (or numerically close to) Earth's center. That frame is singular
+   * for a heading/pitch camera and lets compact-orbit vehicles leave the view as
+   * the camera rotates. Retaining a radial vehicle bias keeps the local frame
+   * stable while the wider camera range still contains Earth and the full orbit.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} vehicleAnchor Globe-side anchor below the vehicle.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3|null} frameCenter Combined Earth/orbit frame center.
+   * @param {number} orbitBlend Normalized orbit-camera transition.
+   * @returns {Cesium.Cartesian3} Stable camera look-at target.
+   */
+
+  function replayOrbitCameraTarget(vehicleAnchor, frameCenter, orbitBlend = 0) {
+    if (!vehicleAnchor) return vehicleAnchor;
+    if (!frameCenter) return Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(vehicleAnchor);
+    const blend =
+      Cesium.Math.clamp(Number(orbitBlend) || 0, 0, 1) *
+      REPLAY_ORBIT_FRAME_CENTER_BLEND;
+    return Cesium.Cartesian3.lerp(
+      vehicleAnchor,
+      frameCenter,
+      blend,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Build a stable orbit-relative camera pose. The camera remains on one side
+   * of the orbital plane and uses the vehicle radial as its visual up axis.
+   * Consequently the forward orbit tangent always projects toward screen-left
+   * instead of changing direction when local compass headings wrap near a pole.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} position Current vehicle position.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} tangentPosition Nearby forward path position.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} target Camera look-at target.
+   * @param {number} range Camera distance from the target.
+   * @param {number} pitch Camera elevation below the local horizon.
+   * @returns {{destination: Cesium.Cartesian3, direction: Cesium.Cartesian3, up: Cesium.Cartesian3}|null}
+   */
+
+  function replayOrbitCameraPose(
+    position,
+    tangentPosition,
+    target,
+    range,
+    pitch,
+  ) {
+    if (!position || !tangentPosition || !target) return null;
+    const radial = Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(position),
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    const tangent = Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(
+      tangentPosition,
+      position,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    if (Cesium.Cartesian3.magnitudeSquared(tangent) < 1) return null;
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(tangent, tangent);
+    const orbitNormal = Cesium.Cartesian3.cross(
+      radial,
+      tangent,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    if (Cesium.Cartesian3.magnitudeSquared(orbitNormal) < 1e-12) return null;
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(orbitNormal, orbitNormal);
+
+    const distance = Math.max(1, Number(range) || 1);
+    const elevation = Cesium.Math.clamp(
+      Math.abs(Number(pitch) || 0),
+      Cesium.Math.toRadians(5),
+      Cesium.Math.toRadians(80),
+    );
+    const planeOffset = Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+      orbitNormal,
+      Math.cos(elevation) * distance,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    const radialOffset = Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+      radial,
+      Math.sin(elevation) * distance,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    const destination = Cesium.Cartesian3.add(
+      target,
+      planeOffset,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.add(destination, radialOffset, destination);
+    const direction = Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(target, destination, new Cesium.Cartesian3()),
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    const radialAlongView = Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+      direction,
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.dot(radial, direction),
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    const up = Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(
+        radial,
+        radialAlongView,
+        new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+      ),
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    return { destination, direction, up };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Build one conservative frame that contains both Earth and the complete
+   * selected orbit. High-apogee missions cannot be composed from the vehicle's
+   * instantaneous altitude alone because the opposite side of the orbit may
+   * extend much farther from the globe.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3[]} orbitPath Selected orbit samples.
+   * @returns {Cesium.BoundingSphere} Combined Earth/orbit frame.
+   */
+
+  function replayOrbitFrameSphere(orbitPath = []) {
+    const earth = new Cesium.BoundingSphere(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.ZERO,
+      Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84.maximumRadius,
+    );
+    if (!Array.isArray(orbitPath) || orbitPath.length < 2) return earth;
+    const orbit = Cesium.BoundingSphere.fromPoints(orbitPath);
+    return Cesium.BoundingSphere.union(
+      earth,
+      orbit,
+      new Cesium.BoundingSphere(),
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensure high-altitude missions frame both the globe and selected vehicle.
+   * @param {number} baseRange Range from the normal replay camera transition.
+   * @param {number} altitudeM Vehicle altitude above the ellipsoid.
+   * @param {number} orbitBlend Normalized orbit-camera transition.
+   * @param {number} frameRadiusM Radius of the combined Earth/orbit frame.
+   * @returns {number} Camera range in metres.
+   */
+
+  function replayOrbitGlobeRange(
+    baseRange,
+    altitudeM,
+    orbitBlend = 0,
+    frameRadiusM = 0,
+  ) {
+    const range = Math.max(0, Number(baseRange) || 0);
+    const altitude = Math.max(0, Number(altitudeM) || 0);
+    const frameRadius = Math.max(0, Number(frameRadiusM) || 0);
+    const blend = Cesium.Math.clamp(Number(orbitBlend) || 0, 0, 1);
+    const globeAndVehicleRange = Math.max(
+      range,
+      altitude + Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84.maximumRadius * 2.4,
+      frameRadius * 3,
+    );
+    return Cesium.Math.lerp(range, globeAndVehicleRange, blend);
+  }
+  return {
+    cameraHeadingForPath,
+    replayInitialCameraHeading,
+    replayChaseCameraHeading,
+    smoothReplayCameraHeading,
+    missionZoomPitch,
+    replayCameraView,
+    replayOrbitGlobeAnchor,
+    replayOrbitCameraTarget,
+    replayOrbitCameraPose,
+    replayOrbitFrameSphere,
+    replayOrbitGlobeRange,
+  };
+}

src/layers/launches/controls.js

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+export function createControls({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
+  const methods = {
+    id: 'rocket-launches',
+
+    name: 'Space Missions (30d)',
+
+    icon: '🚀',
+
+    source: 'Launch Library 2',
+
+    updateInterval: 300000,
+
+    /** Release only Space Mission camera ownership, preserving layer and selection state. */
+    releaseCameraOwnership() {
+      parts.panel.clearMissionRosterHover();
+      parts.replay.stopMissionReplay();
+      parts.selection.stopMissionZoomAnchor();
+    },
+
+    getStats() {
+      return {
+        count: layerState._count,
+        orbitMatches: layerState._orbitMatches,
+        lastUpdate: layerState._lastUpdate,
+        error: layerState._lastError,
+      };
+    },
+
+    attachDataManager(dataManager) {
+      layerState._dataManager = dataManager;
+    },
+  };
+
+  return { methods };
+}

src/layers/launches/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+import { createPolicyHelpers } from './policyHelpers.js';
+import { createIngestion } from './ingestion.js';
+import { createOrbitRendering } from './orbitRendering.js';
+import { createOverlays } from './overlays.js';
+import { createSelection } from './selection.js';
+import { createReplay } from './replay.js';
+import { createPanel } from './panel.js';
+import { createPaths } from './paths.js';
+import { createLaunchPad } from './launchPad.js';
+import { createCamera } from './camera.js';
+import { createModel } from './model.js';
+import { createRendering } from './rendering.js';
+import { createTesting } from './testing.js';
+import { createControls } from './controls.js';
+import { createLifecycle } from './lifecycle.js';
+import { createState } from './state.js';
+
+/** Construct one layer with its own scene state and supplied application services. */
+export function createRocketLaunchesLayer({ services, source }) {
+  if (typeof source?.getLaunches !== 'function')
+    throw new TypeError('A launches source is required');
+  const state = createState({ services });
+  const parts = {};
+  const context = { state, services, parts, source };
+  parts.policyHelpers = createPolicyHelpers(context);
+  parts.ingestion = createIngestion(context);
+  parts.orbitRendering = createOrbitRendering(context);
+  parts.overlays = createOverlays(context);
+  parts.selection = createSelection(context);
+  parts.replay = createReplay(context);
+  parts.panel = createPanel(context);
+  parts.paths = createPaths(context);
+  parts.launchPad = createLaunchPad(context);
+  parts.camera = createCamera(context);
+  parts.model = createModel(context);
+  parts.rendering = createRendering(context);
+  parts.testing = createTesting(context);
+  parts.controls = createControls(context);
+  parts.lifecycle = createLifecycle(context);
+  return Object.assign(
+    {},
+    parts.controls.methods,
+    parts.lifecycle.methods,
+    parts.ingestion.methods,
+    {
+      satelliteParamsForSpaceMissions:
+        parts.policyHelpers.satelliteParamsForSpaceMissions,
+      satelliteParamsAfterSpaceMissions:
+        parts.policyHelpers.satelliteParamsAfterSpaceMissions,
+      launchStatusAllowsOrbit: parts.policyHelpers.launchStatusAllowsOrbit,
+      missionPathPresentation: parts.policyHelpers.missionPathPresentation,
+      shouldRetryAfterActiveTle: parts.ingestion.shouldRetryAfterActiveTle,
+      releaseAircraftTracking: parts.policyHelpers.releaseAircraftTracking,
+      launchPadZoneVisible: parts.policyHelpers.launchPadZoneVisible,
+      missionAnchorHorizonVisible: parts.overlays.missionAnchorHorizonVisible,
+      missionAnchorVisible: parts.overlays.missionAnchorVisible,
+      compactLaunchSiteName: parts.overlays.compactLaunchSiteName,
+      createRocketMissionMarkerOverlayEntry:
+        parts.overlays.createRocketMissionMarkerOverlayEntry,
+      createRocketMissionElementOverlayEntry:
+        parts.overlays.createRocketMissionElementOverlayEntry,
+      selectRocketMissionMarkerOverlayCohort:
+        parts.overlays.selectRocketMissionMarkerOverlayCohort,
+      replayOverlayMode: parts.overlays.replayOverlayMode,
+      replayVehicleScreenRotation: parts.replay.replayVehicleScreenRotation,
+      smoothReplayWindowPosition: parts.replay.smoothReplayWindowPosition,
+      missionDataCompleteness: parts.policyHelpers.missionDataCompleteness,
+      missionRosterEntries: parts.policyHelpers.missionRosterEntries,
+      missionHoverPreviewRange: parts.panel.missionHoverPreviewRange,
+      createMissionRosterPreviewOwnership:
+        parts.panel.createMissionRosterPreviewOwnership,
+      bindMissionRosterItemKeyboardPreview:
+        parts.panel.bindMissionRosterItemKeyboardPreview,
+      captureMissionRosterFocus: parts.panel.captureMissionRosterFocus,
+      restoreMissionRosterFocus: parts.panel.restoreMissionRosterFocus,
+      resolveMissionRosterPreviewLaunch:
+        parts.panel.resolveMissionRosterPreviewLaunch,
+      formatMissionEventTime: parts.policyHelpers.formatMissionEventTime,
+      parseMissionDurationSeconds:
+        parts.policyHelpers.parseMissionDurationSeconds,
+      replayAscentDurationSeconds: parts.replay.replayAscentDurationSeconds,
+      normalizeReplaySpeed: parts.replay.normalizeReplaySpeed,
+      replayStartAfterPause: parts.replay.replayStartAfterPause,
+      replayState: parts.replay.replayState,
+      approximateOrbitPath: parts.paths.approximateOrbitPath,
+      samplePath: parts.paths.samplePath,
+      orbitProgressAtTime: parts.paths.orbitProgressAtTime,
+      reconstructedAscentPath: parts.paths.reconstructedAscentPath,
+      buildMissionPaths: parts.paths.buildMissionPaths,
+      cameraHeadingForPath: parts.camera.cameraHeadingForPath,
+      replayInitialCameraHeading: parts.camera.replayInitialCameraHeading,
+      replayChaseCameraHeading: parts.camera.replayChaseCameraHeading,
+      smoothReplayCameraHeading: parts.camera.smoothReplayCameraHeading,
+      missionZoomPitch: parts.camera.missionZoomPitch,
+      replayCameraView: parts.camera.replayCameraView,
+      replayOrbitGlobeAnchor: parts.camera.replayOrbitGlobeAnchor,
+      replayOrbitCameraTarget: parts.camera.replayOrbitCameraTarget,
+      replayOrbitCameraPose: parts.camera.replayOrbitCameraPose,
+      replayOrbitFrameSphere: parts.camera.replayOrbitFrameSphere,
+      replayOrbitGlobeRange: parts.camera.replayOrbitGlobeRange,
+      missionMarkerColor: parts.model.missionMarkerColor,
+      normalizeRocketLaunches: parts.model.normalizeRocketLaunches,
+      _setRocketMissionOverlayHostForTest:
+        parts.testing._setRocketMissionOverlayHostForTest,
+      _setSelectedRocketMissionForTest:
+        parts.testing._setSelectedRocketMissionForTest,
+    },
+  );
+}
+export {
+  ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+  ROCKET_MISSION_SELECTED_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+  ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_COHORT_LIMIT,
+  ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_COLLISION_CAPACITY,
+  ROCKET_MISSION_SELECTED_OVERLAY_SOURCE_OPTIONS,
+  LAUNCH_PAD_ZONE_RADIUS_M,
+} from './policy.js';
+export { createLaunchSource } from './source.js';

src/layers/launches/ingestion.js

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+import { MAX_POST_TLE_RETRIES, POST_TLE_RETRY_DELAY_MS } from './policy.js';
+
+export function createIngestion({
+  state: layerState,
+  services,
+  parts,
+  source,
+}) {
+  /**
+   * Decide whether one bounded rebuild is needed after the active TLE lookup.
+   * @param {object} input Retry state.
+   * @param {boolean} input.enabled Whether Space Missions is active.
+   * @param {number} input.retryCount Number of post-TLE retries already used.
+   * @param {string|null} input.activeTleText Resolved active TLE catalog.
+   * @param {string|null} input.renderedTleText TLE catalog used for the last build.
+   * @returns {boolean} Whether to schedule a refresh.
+   */
+
+  function shouldRetryAfterActiveTle({
+    enabled,
+    retryCount,
+    activeTleText,
+    renderedTleText,
+  }) {
+    return Boolean(
+      enabled &&
+      activeTleText &&
+      activeTleText !== renderedTleText &&
+      retryCount < MAX_POST_TLE_RETRIES,
+    );
+  }
+
+  function clearPostTleRetry() {
+    if (layerState._retryTimer) clearTimeout(layerState._retryTimer);
+    layerState._retryTimer = null;
+  }
+
+  function schedulePostTleRetry(token) {
+    if (
+      layerState._retryTimer ||
+      token !== layerState._lifecycleToken ||
+      !shouldRetryAfterActiveTle({
+        enabled: layerState._enabled,
+        retryCount: layerState._postTleRetryCount,
+        activeTleText: layerState._activeTleText,
+        renderedTleText: layerState._renderedTleText,
+      })
+    )
+      return;
+    layerState._postTleRetryCount++;
+    layerState._retryTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+      layerState._retryTimer = null;
+      if (layerState._enabled && token === layerState._lifecycleToken)
+        requestMissionUpdate();
+    }, POST_TLE_RETRY_DELAY_MS);
+  }
+
+  function ensureActiveTleLookup(token) {
+    if (layerState._activeTleText)
+      return Promise.resolve(layerState._activeTleText);
+    if (
+      layerState._activeTlePromise &&
+      layerState._activeTlePromiseToken === token
+    )
+      return layerState._activeTlePromise;
+    const request = source
+      .getActiveTle({ signal: layerState._sourceController.signal })
+      .then((text) => {
+        if (!layerState._enabled || token !== layerState._lifecycleToken)
+          return null;
+        layerState._activeTleText = text;
+        layerState._focusAfterActiveLookup = Boolean(
+          layerState._selectedLaunchId,
+        );
+        schedulePostTleRetry(token);
+        return text;
+      })
+      .catch((error) => {
+        if (layerState._enabled && token === layerState._lifecycleToken) {
+          console.warn(
+            '[Data:RocketLaunches] Active satellite lookup unavailable:',
+            error.message,
+          );
+        }
+        return null;
+      })
+      .finally(() => {
+        if (layerState._activeTlePromise === request) {
+          layerState._activeTlePromise = null;
+          layerState._activeTlePromiseToken = 0;
+        }
+      });
+    layerState._activeTlePromise = request;
+    layerState._activeTlePromiseToken = token;
+    return request;
+  }
+
+  async function captureSatelliteDependency() {
+    if (!layerState._dataManager || layerState._satelliteStateBeforeMission)
+      return;
+    layerState._satelliteStateBeforeMission = {
+      // Effective visibility: a user enable still mid-activation is intent ON —
+      // capturing settled false would restore the user's enable away on exit.
+      enabled:
+        layerState._dataManager.isEffectivelyEnabled?.('satellites') ??
+        layerState._dataManager.isEnabled('satellites'),
+      params: parts.policyHelpers.satelliteParamsAfterSpaceMissions(
+        layerState._dataManager.getLayerParams('satellites'),
+      ),
+    };
+    layerState._dataManager.setLayerParams(
+      'satellites',
+      parts.policyHelpers.satelliteParamsForSpaceMissions(
+        layerState._satelliteStateBeforeMission.params,
+      ),
+    );
+    const token = layerState._lifecycleToken;
+    const activation = Promise.resolve(
+      layerState._dataManager.setEnabled('satellites', true),
+    );
+    layerState._satelliteActivationPromise = activation;
+    try {
+      const activated = await activation;
+      // Space Missions without its satellite dependency is a broken replay
+      // surface; fail the mission enable so the manager's fail-closed path and
+      // the Context rollback see an honest failure instead of a silent success.
+      if (
+        token === layerState._lifecycleToken &&
+        layerState._enabled &&
+        (activated === false ||
+          !layerState._dataManager.isEnabled('satellites'))
+      ) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'Space Missions requires the satellites layer, which failed to start',
+        );
+      }
+    } finally {
+      if (
+        token === layerState._lifecycleToken &&
+        layerState._satelliteActivationPromise === activation
+      ) {
+        layerState._satelliteActivationPromise = null;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function restoreSatelliteDependency() {
+    const snapshot = layerState._satelliteStateBeforeMission;
+    if (!snapshot || !layerState._dataManager) return;
+    layerState._satelliteStateBeforeMission = null;
+    layerState._satelliteActivationPromise = null;
+    layerState._dataManager.setLayerParams(
+      'satellites',
+      parts.policyHelpers.satelliteParamsAfterSpaceMissions(snapshot.params),
+    );
+    const restored = await layerState._dataManager.setEnabled(
+      'satellites',
+      snapshot.enabled,
+    );
+    if (
+      restored === false ||
+      layerState._dataManager.isEnabled('satellites') !== snapshot.enabled
+    ) {
+      throw new Error('Space Missions could not restore the satellites layer');
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function performMissionUpdate(token) {
+    try {
+      ensureActiveTleLookup(token);
+      const payload = await source.getLaunches({
+        signal: layerState._sourceController.signal,
+      });
+      const launches = parts.model.normalizeRocketLaunches(payload);
+      if (
+        !layerState._enabled ||
+        token !== layerState._lifecycleToken ||
+        !layerState._dataSource
+      )
+        return;
+      const activeTleText = layerState._activeTleText;
+      if (layerState._replayCameraLaunchId) parts.replay.stopMissionReplay();
+      layerState._launches = launches;
+      parts.orbitRendering.removeMissionOrbitPrimitives();
+      layerState._dataSource.entities.removeAll();
+      layerState._missionOverlayRecords.clear();
+      layerState._satelliteTelemetry.clear();
+      layerState._replayTracks.clear();
+      layerState._orbitMatches = 0;
+      launches.forEach((launch) =>
+        parts.rendering.addLaunchEntity(launch, activeTleText),
+      );
+      layerState._renderedTleText = activeTleText;
+      if (layerState._renderedTleText === layerState._activeTleText)
+        clearPostTleRetry();
+      layerState._count = launches.length;
+      parts.panel.renderMissionRoster();
+      if (
+        !layerState._selectedLaunchId ||
+        !launches.some((launch) => launch.id === layerState._selectedLaunchId)
+      ) {
+        parts.selection.setSelectedMission(null, false);
+      } else {
+        parts.selection.setSelectedMission(layerState._selectedLaunchId, true);
+        if (layerState._focusAfterActiveLookup) {
+          parts.selection.focusMission(
+            launches.find(
+              (launch) => launch.id === layerState._selectedLaunchId,
+            ),
+          );
+        }
+      }
+      layerState._focusAfterActiveLookup = false;
+      parts.panel.renderMissionPanel();
+      layerState._lastUpdate = Date.now();
+      layerState._lastError = null;
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (layerState._enabled && token === layerState._lifecycleToken) {
+        layerState._lastError = error.message;
+        console.warn('[Data:RocketLaunches] Fetch error:', error);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function requestMissionUpdate() {
+    if (!layerState._enabled) return Promise.resolve();
+    const token = layerState._lifecycleToken;
+    layerState._updateDirty = true;
+    if (layerState._updatePromise && layerState._updatePromiseToken === token)
+      return layerState._updatePromise;
+    let request;
+    request = (async () => {
+      while (
+        layerState._enabled &&
+        token === layerState._lifecycleToken &&
+        layerState._updateDirty
+      ) {
+        layerState._updateDirty = false;
+        await performMissionUpdate(token);
+      }
+    })().finally(() => {
+      if (layerState._updatePromise === request) {
+        layerState._updatePromise = null;
+        layerState._updatePromiseToken = 0;
+      }
+    });
+    layerState._updatePromise = request;
+    layerState._updatePromiseToken = token;
+    return request;
+  }
+  const methods = {
+    update() {
+      return requestMissionUpdate();
+    },
+  };
+
+  return {
+    shouldRetryAfterActiveTle,
+    clearPostTleRetry,
+    schedulePostTleRetry,
+    ensureActiveTleLookup,
+    captureSatelliteDependency,
+    restoreSatelliteDependency,
+    performMissionUpdate,
+    requestMissionUpdate,
+    methods,
+  };
+}

src/layers/launches/launchPad.js

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { LAUNCH_PAD_ZONE_RADIUS_M } from './policy.js';
+
+export function createLaunchPad({
+  state: layerState,
+  services,
+  parts,
+  source,
+}) {
+  function hideLaunchPadZone() {
+    if (layerState._launchPadZonePrimitive)
+      layerState._launchPadZonePrimitive.show = false;
+  }
+
+  function removeLaunchPadZonePrimitive() {
+    if (
+      layerState._launchPadZonePrimitive &&
+      layerState._viewer?.scene?.primitives
+    ) {
+      layerState._viewer.scene.primitives.remove(
+        layerState._launchPadZonePrimitive,
+      );
+    }
+    layerState._launchPadZonePrimitive = null;
+    layerState._launchPadZoneLaunchId = null;
+  }
+
+  function createLaunchPadZonePrimitive(launch) {
+    removeLaunchPadZonePrimitive();
+    const material = new Cesium.Material({
+      fabric: {
+        type: 'GevLaunchPadZone',
+        uniforms: {
+          color: Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString('#22e6e6'),
+          fillAlpha: 0.105,
+          rimAlpha: 0.72,
+        },
+        source: `
+        czm_material czm_getMaterial(czm_materialInput materialInput) {
+          czm_material material = czm_getDefaultMaterial(materialInput);
+          vec2 centered = (materialInput.st - vec2(0.5)) * 2.0;
+          float radius = length(centered);
+          float inside = 1.0 - smoothstep(0.985, 1.0, radius);
+          float rim = smoothstep(0.952, 0.985, radius) * inside;
+          material.diffuse = color.rgb;
+          material.emission = color.rgb * rim * 0.35;
+          material.alpha = color.a * inside * mix(fillAlpha, rimAlpha, rim);
+          return material;
+        }`,
+      },
+    });
+    const geometry = new Cesium.EllipseGeometry({
+      center: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(launch.lon, launch.lat),
+      semiMajorAxis: LAUNCH_PAD_ZONE_RADIUS_M,
+      semiMinorAxis: LAUNCH_PAD_ZONE_RADIUS_M,
+      granularity: Cesium.Math.toRadians(0.08),
+      vertexFormat:
+        Cesium.MaterialAppearance.MaterialSupport.TEXTURED.vertexFormat,
+    });
+    layerState._launchPadZonePrimitive =
+      layerState._viewer.scene.primitives.add(
+        new Cesium.GroundPrimitive({
+          geometryInstances: new Cesium.GeometryInstance({
+            geometry,
+            id: `rocket-pad-zone:${launch.id}`,
+          }),
+          appearance: new Cesium.MaterialAppearance({
+            material,
+            translucent: true,
+            closed: false,
+            faceForward: true,
+            flat: true,
+            // Keep the zone classified onto the photoreal surface, but bias only its
+            // rasterized depth toward the camera. This avoids coplanar fragments
+            // being intermittently buried by the launch-pad mesh at oblique angles
+            // without adding a world-space height that would make the ring float.
+            renderState: {
+              depthTest: {
+                enabled: true,
+              },
+              depthMask: false,
+              polygonOffset: {
+                enabled: true,
+                factor: -1,
+                units: -4,
+              },
+              blending: Cesium.BlendingState.ALPHA_BLEND,
+            },
+          }),
+          classificationType: Cesium.ClassificationType.BOTH,
+          asynchronous: true,
+          show: true,
+        }),
+      );
+    layerState._launchPadZoneLaunchId = launch.id;
+  }
+
+  function initLaunchPadZonePrimitive() {
+    if (!layerState._viewer || layerState._launchPadZoneRemover) return;
+    layerState._launchPadZoneRemover =
+      layerState._viewer.scene.preRender.addEventListener(() => {
+        if (!layerState._enabled || !layerState._dataSource?.show) {
+          hideLaunchPadZone();
+          return;
+        }
+        const nowMs = Date.now();
+        if (nowMs - layerState._lastMissionRingRotationMs >= 1000) {
+          layerState._missionRingDate.setTime(nowMs);
+          parts.orbitRendering.updateMissionOrbitPrimitiveFrames(
+            layerState._missionRingDate,
+          );
+          layerState._lastMissionRingRotationMs = nowMs;
+        }
+        const launch = layerState._launches.find(
+          (item) => item.id === layerState._selectedLaunchId,
+        );
+        const camera = layerState._viewer?.camera;
+        if (!launch || !camera) {
+          hideLaunchPadZone();
+          return;
+        }
+        const launchPosition = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+          launch.lon,
+          launch.lat,
+        );
+        const visible = parts.policyHelpers.launchPadZoneVisible({
+          layerActive: Boolean(layerState._dataSource?.show),
+          selectedLaunchId: layerState._selectedLaunchId,
+          launchId: launch.id,
+          cameraHeightM: camera.positionCartographic?.height,
+          cameraDistanceM: Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(
+            camera.positionWC,
+            launchPosition,
+          ),
+        });
+        if (!visible) {
+          hideLaunchPadZone();
+          return;
+        }
+        if (layerState._launchPadZoneLaunchId !== launch.id)
+          createLaunchPadZonePrimitive(launch);
+        layerState._launchPadZonePrimitive.show = true;
+      });
+  }
+
+  function destroyLaunchPadZonePrimitive() {
+    if (layerState._launchPadZoneRemover) layerState._launchPadZoneRemover();
+    layerState._launchPadZoneRemover = null;
+    removeLaunchPadZonePrimitive();
+  }
+  return {
+    hideLaunchPadZone,
+    removeLaunchPadZonePrimitive,
+    createLaunchPadZonePrimitive,
+    initLaunchPadZonePrimitive,
+    destroyLaunchPadZonePrimitive,
+  };
+}

src/layers/launches/lifecycle.js

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+
+export function createLifecycle({
+  state: layerState,
+  services,
+  parts,
+  source,
+}) {
+  const { holdContinuousRender, releaseContinuousRender } = services.render;
+
+  const methods = {
+    init(viewer) {
+      layerState._viewer = viewer;
+      layerState._enabled = false;
+      parts.panel.createMissionPanel();
+      parts.overlays.createReplayVehicleOverlay();
+      layerState._dataSource = new Cesium.CustomDataSource('rocket-launches');
+      layerState._dataSource.show = false;
+      viewer.dataSources.add(layerState._dataSource);
+      layerState._count = 0;
+      layerState._lastUpdate = null;
+      layerState._lastError = null;
+      layerState._orbitMatches = 0;
+      parts.overlays.clearMissionOverlaySources();
+      layerState._clickHandler = new Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventHandler(
+        viewer.scene.canvas,
+      );
+      layerState._clickHandler.setInputAction((movement) => {
+        if (!layerState._enabled || !layerState._dataSource?.show) return;
+        const entity = viewer.scene
+          .drillPick(movement.position, 12)
+          .map((picked) => picked?.id)
+          .find((candidate) => parts.selection.entityLaunchId(candidate));
+        const launchId = parts.selection.entityLaunchId(entity);
+        if (!launchId) return;
+        parts.selection.setSelectedMission(launchId);
+        parts.selection.focusMission(
+          layerState._launches.find((launch) => launch.id === launchId),
+        );
+      }, Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.LEFT_CLICK);
+      layerState._moveHandler = new Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventHandler(
+        viewer.scene.canvas,
+      );
+      layerState._moveHandler.setInputAction((movement) => {
+        if (!layerState._enabled || !layerState._dataSource?.show) return;
+        const missionEntity = viewer.scene
+          .drillPick(movement.endPosition, 12)
+          .map((picked) => picked?.id)
+          .find((candidate) => parts.selection.entityLaunchId(candidate));
+        viewer.scene.canvas.style.cursor = missionEntity ? 'pointer' : '';
+      }, Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.MOUSE_MOVE);
+      // Apply horizon visibility before Cesium traverses and picks the scene.
+      // A postRender write is one frame late and can remain visibly stale when
+      // request-on-demand rendering stops after a globe camera move.
+      layerState._declutterHandler = viewer.scene.preRender.addEventListener(
+        parts.rendering.updateMissionFrame,
+      );
+      parts.launchPad.initLaunchPadZonePrimitive();
+    },
+
+    async enable() {
+      layerState._sourceController.abort();
+      layerState._sourceController = new AbortController();
+      layerState._enabled = true;
+      holdContinuousRender('rocket-launches'); // per-frame animator (perf wave 2)
+      layerState._lifecycleToken++;
+      layerState._postTleRetryCount = 0;
+      try {
+        await this._enableBody();
+      } catch (error) {
+        // Enable is a transaction: a failed dependency must not leave mission
+        // UI/datasource visible or the satellite snapshot retained (a retained
+        // snapshot makes the next enable skip dependency capture entirely).
+        try {
+          await this.disable();
+        } catch (cleanupError) {
+          console.warn('[Missions] enable rollback failed:', cleanupError);
+        }
+        throw error;
+      }
+    },
+
+    async _enableBody() {
+      layerState._updateDirty = false;
+      if (layerState._dataSource) layerState._dataSource.show = true;
+      parts.orbitRendering.syncMissionOrbitPrimitiveVisibility();
+      parts.selection.focusFullGlobe(layerState._viewer);
+      document.getElementById('cockpit-context')?.setAttribute('hidden', '');
+      if (layerState._selectedLaunchId)
+        parts.selection.setSelectedMission(
+          layerState._selectedLaunchId,
+          layerState._explicitSelection,
+        );
+      else parts.selection.setSelectedMission(null, false);
+      await parts.ingestion.captureSatelliteDependency();
+    },
+
+    async disable() {
+      layerState._sourceController.abort();
+      layerState._enabled = false;
+      releaseContinuousRender('rocket-launches');
+      layerState._lifecycleToken++;
+      layerState._updateDirty = false;
+      parts.ingestion.clearPostTleRetry();
+      parts.panel.clearMissionRosterHover();
+      parts.replay.stopMissionReplay();
+      parts.selection.stopMissionZoomAnchor();
+      if (layerState._dataSource) layerState._dataSource.show = false;
+      parts.orbitRendering.syncMissionOrbitPrimitiveVisibility();
+      if (layerState._viewer?.scene?.canvas)
+        layerState._viewer.scene.canvas.style.cursor = '';
+      parts.launchPad.hideLaunchPadZone();
+      parts.overlays.hideReplayVehicleOverlay();
+      layerState._selectedLaunchId = null;
+      parts.overlays.clearMissionOverlaySources();
+      await parts.ingestion.restoreSatelliteDependency();
+      parts.panel.renderMissionPanel();
+    },
+
+    async destroy(viewer) {
+      layerState._sourceController.abort();
+      releaseContinuousRender('rocket-launches'); // direct-destroy path (perf wave 2 fix)
+      layerState._enabled = false;
+      layerState._lifecycleToken++;
+      layerState._updateDirty = false;
+      await parts.ingestion.restoreSatelliteDependency();
+      parts.panel.clearMissionRosterHover();
+      parts.replay.stopMissionReplay();
+      parts.selection.stopMissionZoomAnchor();
+      parts.ingestion.clearPostTleRetry();
+      if (layerState._clickHandler) layerState._clickHandler.destroy();
+      layerState._clickHandler = null;
+      if (layerState._moveHandler) layerState._moveHandler.destroy();
+      layerState._moveHandler = null;
+      if (layerState._declutterHandler) layerState._declutterHandler();
+      layerState._declutterHandler = null;
+      parts.launchPad.destroyLaunchPadZonePrimitive();
+      parts.orbitRendering.removeMissionOrbitPrimitives();
+      parts.overlays.clearMissionOverlaySources();
+      parts.overlays.destroyReplayVehicleOverlay();
+      layerState._launches = [];
+      layerState._missionOverlayRecords.clear();
+      layerState._animationStarts.clear();
+      layerState._satelliteTelemetry.clear();
+      layerState._replayTracks.clear();
+      layerState._missionPanel?.remove();
+      layerState._missionPanel = null;
+      if (layerState._missionRoster) {
+        layerState._missionRoster.onclick = null;
+      }
+      layerState._missionRosterPreviewOwnership = null;
+      layerState._missionRoster = null;
+      layerState._viewer = null;
+      if (layerState._dataSource)
+        viewer.dataSources.remove(layerState._dataSource, true);
+      layerState._dataSource = null;
+      layerState._count = 0;
+      layerState._orbitMatches = 0;
+      layerState._lastUpdate = null;
+      layerState._activeTleText = null;
+      layerState._activeTlePromise = null;
+      layerState._activeTlePromiseToken = 0;
+      layerState._renderedTleText = null;
+      layerState._postTleRetryCount = 0;
+      layerState._satelliteStateBeforeMission = null;
+      layerState._satelliteActivationPromise = null;
+      layerState._dataManager = null;
+    },
+  };
+
+  return { methods };
+}

src/layers/launches/model.js

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { WINDOW_DAYS } from './policy.js';
+
+export function createModel({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
+  function finiteCoordinate(value) {
+    const number = Number(value);
+    return Number.isFinite(number) ? number : null;
+  }
+
+  function normalizePayloadFlights(launch) {
+    const flights =
+      launch.rocket?.payloads ||
+      launch.payloads ||
+      launch.mission?.payloads ||
+      [];
+    if (!Array.isArray(flights)) return [];
+    return flights.map((flight, index) => {
+      const payload = flight.payload || flight;
+      return {
+        id: String(flight.id || payload.id || `payload-${index}`),
+        name: payload.name || flight.name || 'Unnamed payload',
+        type: payload.type?.name || flight.type?.name || null,
+        manufacturer: payload.manufacturer?.name || null,
+        operator: payload.operator?.name || null,
+        destination: flight.destination || payload.destination || null,
+        amount: Number.isFinite(Number(flight.amount))
+          ? Number(flight.amount)
+          : 1,
+        massKg:
+          (typeof payload.mass === 'number' ||
+            (typeof payload.mass === 'string' && payload.mass.trim() !== '')) &&
+          Number.isFinite(Number(payload.mass)) &&
+          Number(payload.mass) >= 0
+            ? Number(payload.mass)
+            : null,
+      };
+    });
+  }
+
+  function normalizeLanding(stage, fallbackName, category, index) {
+    const landing = stage?.landing;
+    const location = landing?.landing_location || {};
+    const launcher = stage?.launcher || stage?.spacecraft || {};
+    const serial = launcher.serial_number || stage?.serial_number || null;
+    const stageType = stage?.type?.name || stage?.type || category;
+    const attempted = landing?.attempt === true;
+    const success = landing?.success;
+    const recoveryType = landing?.type?.name || null;
+    const launcherStatus = launcher.status?.name || null;
+    const status =
+      success === true
+        ? 'RECOVERED'
+        : success === false
+          ? 'LOST'
+          : attempted
+            ? 'RECOVERY ATTEMPT'
+            : recoveryType
+              ? recoveryType.toUpperCase()
+              : launcherStatus
+                ? launcherStatus.toUpperCase()
+                : 'NO RECOVERY DATA';
+    return {
+      id: String(stage?.id || landing?.id || `${category}-${index}`),
+      category,
+      name: [stageType, serial].filter(Boolean).join(' · ') || fallbackName,
+      serial,
+      reused: stage?.reused === true,
+      flightNumber: finiteCoordinate(stage?.launcher_flight_number),
+      status,
+      attempted,
+      success: success === true ? true : success === false ? false : null,
+      recoveryType,
+      destination:
+        location.name || landing?.destination || landing?.type?.name || null,
+      description: landing?.description || null,
+      downrangeKm: finiteCoordinate(landing?.downrange_distance),
+      lat: finiteCoordinate(location.latitude ?? landing?.latitude),
+      lon: finiteCoordinate(location.longitude ?? landing?.longitude),
+    };
+  }
+
+  function normalizeRecoveryStages(launch, payloads) {
+    const rocket = launch.rocket || {};
+    const launcherStages = Array.isArray(rocket.launcher_stage)
+      ? rocket.launcher_stage
+      : [];
+    const spacecraftStages = Array.isArray(rocket.spacecraft_stage)
+      ? rocket.spacecraft_stage
+      : [];
+    const stages = [
+      ...launcherStages.map((stage, index) =>
+        normalizeLanding(
+          stage,
+          `Launcher stage ${index + 1}`,
+          'LAUNCHER',
+          index,
+        ),
+      ),
+      ...spacecraftStages.map((stage, index) =>
+        normalizeLanding(
+          stage,
+          `Spacecraft stage ${index + 1}`,
+          'SPACECRAFT',
+          index,
+        ),
+      ),
+    ];
+    const payloadFlights = rocket.payloads || launch.payloads || [];
+    if (Array.isArray(payloadFlights)) {
+      payloadFlights.forEach((flight, index) => {
+        if (!flight?.landing) return;
+        stages.push(
+          normalizeLanding(
+            {
+              ...flight,
+              type: payloads[index]?.type || 'Payload',
+              serial_number: payloads[index]?.name,
+            },
+            payloads[index]?.name || `Payload ${index + 1}`,
+            'PAYLOAD',
+            index,
+          ),
+        );
+      });
+    }
+    return stages;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Select a stable marker color from the mission operator and payload name.
+   * Labels stay cyan so the layer remains visually coherent.
+   * @param {object} launch Normalized launch record.
+   * @returns {Cesium.Color}
+   */
+
+  function missionMarkerColor(launch) {
+    const identity =
+      `${launch.provider || ''} ${launch.name || ''} ${launch.missionName || ''}`.toLowerCase();
+    if (/nasa|national aeronautics/.test(identity))
+      return Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString('#ff9f43');
+    if (/starlink|spacex|space exploration/.test(identity))
+      return Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString('#4cc9f0');
+    if (/rocket lab/.test(identity))
+      return Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString('#7bed9f');
+    if (/isro|indian space/.test(identity))
+      return Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString('#ff66c4');
+    if (/cnsa|china national|long march/.test(identity))
+      return Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString('#ffd166');
+    if (/blue origin/.test(identity))
+      return Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString('#a78bfa');
+    if (/ula|united launch alliance/.test(identity))
+      return Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString('#f97316');
+    if (/arianespace|esa|european space/.test(identity))
+      return Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString('#60a5fa');
+    if (launch.provider) return Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString('#c084fc');
+    return Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString('#22e6e6');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Normalize a Launch Library 2 response into records suitable for the layer.
+   * Trajectory points are retained only when the upstream explicitly supplies
+   * them; orbital tracks must not be reconstructed from launch metadata.
+   * @param {object} payload Launch Library 2-compatible response.
+   * @param {Date} [now] Reference time used for the rolling window.
+   * @returns {Array<object>}
+   */
+
+  function normalizeRocketLaunches(payload, now = new Date()) {
+    const launches = Array.isArray(payload) ? payload : payload?.results;
+    if (!Array.isArray(launches)) return [];
+    const cutoff = now.getTime() - WINDOW_DAYS * 86400000;
+    return launches
+      .map((launch) => {
+        const launchTime =
+          launch.net || launch.window_start || launch.pad?.location?.name;
+        const date = Date.parse(launchTime);
+        const pad = launch.pad || {};
+        const location = pad.location || {};
+        const coordinates = location.coordinates || '';
+        const [coordinateLon, coordinateLat] = String(coordinates)
+          .split(',')
+          .map(Number);
+        const lat = Number.isFinite(Number(pad.latitude))
+          ? Number(pad.latitude)
+          : coordinateLat;
+        const lon = Number.isFinite(Number(pad.longitude))
+          ? Number(pad.longitude)
+          : coordinateLon;
+        const payloads = normalizePayloadFlights(launch);
+        return {
+          id: String(
+            launch.id || launch.slug || launch.name || `launch-${date}`,
+          ),
+          name: launch.name || 'Unnamed launch',
+          status: launch.status?.name || 'Unknown',
+          launchTime: Number.isFinite(date)
+            ? new Date(date).toISOString()
+            : null,
+          launchSite: pad.name || location.name || 'Unknown launch site',
+          lat: Number.isFinite(lat) ? lat : null,
+          lon: Number.isFinite(lon) ? lon : null,
+          provider: launch.launch_service_provider?.name || null,
+          mission: launch.mission?.description || null,
+          missionName: launch.mission?.name || null,
+          satelliteQuery: launch.mission?.name || launch.name || null,
+          payloads,
+          recoveryStages: normalizeRecoveryStages(launch, payloads),
+          trajectory: Array.isArray(launch.trajectory) ? launch.trajectory : [],
+          timeline: Array.isArray(launch.timeline)
+            ? launch.timeline.map((event) => ({
+                name:
+                  event.type?.abbrev ||
+                  event.type?.name ||
+                  event.name ||
+                  'Mission event',
+                relativeTime: event.relative_time || event.relativeTime || null,
+                offsetSeconds: parts.policyHelpers.parseMissionDurationSeconds(
+                  event.relative_time || event.relativeTime,
+                ),
+              }))
+            : [],
+          orbit: launch.mission?.orbit || launch.orbit || null,
+          source: 'Launch Library 2',
+          inWindow:
+            Number.isFinite(date) && date >= cutoff && date <= now.getTime(),
+        };
+      })
+      .filter(
+        (launch) =>
+          launch.inWindow && launch.lat !== null && launch.lon !== null,
+      );
+  }
+  return {
+    finiteCoordinate,
+    normalizePayloadFlights,
+    normalizeLanding,
+    normalizeRecoveryStages,
+    missionMarkerColor,
+    normalizeRocketLaunches,
+  };
+}

src/layers/launches/orbitRendering.js

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import {
+  MISSION_ORBIT_PATTERN_GROUPS,
+  MISSION_ORBIT_DASHES_PER_GROUP,
+} from './policy.js';
+
+export function createOrbitRendering({
+  state: layerState,
+  services,
+  parts,
+  source,
+}) {
+  const { orbitFrameModelMatrix } = services.satellites;
+
+  /**
+   * Register the selected-orbit tactical material once. Each group begins with
+   * one compact round dot followed by one hundred short dashes.
+   */
+
+  function ensureMissionOrbitPatternRegistered() {
+    if (layerState._missionOrbitPatternRegistered) return;
+    new Cesium.Material({
+      fabric: {
+        type: 'GevMissionOrbitTactical',
+        uniforms: {
+          color: Cesium.Color.CYAN,
+          groupCount: MISSION_ORBIT_PATTERN_GROUPS,
+          dashCount: MISSION_ORBIT_DASHES_PER_GROUP,
+        },
+        source: `
+        czm_material czm_getMaterial(czm_materialInput materialInput) {
+          czm_material material = czm_getDefaultMaterial(materialInput);
+          float groupPosition = fract(materialInput.st.s * groupCount);
+          float markPosition = groupPosition * (dashCount + 1.0);
+          float markIndex = floor(markPosition);
+          float localPosition = fract(markPosition);
+          float centerDistance = abs(localPosition - 0.5);
+          float edge = max(fwidth(localPosition) * 1.35, 0.012);
+          float dashAlong = 1.0 - smoothstep(0.27 - edge, 0.27 + edge, centerDistance);
+          float dashAcross = 1.0 - smoothstep(0.12, 0.24, abs(materialInput.st.t - 0.5));
+          float dash = dashAlong * dashAcross;
+          float dotAlong = (localPosition - 0.5) / 0.32;
+          float dotAcross = (materialInput.st.t - 0.5) / 0.5;
+          float dot = 1.0 - smoothstep(0.78, 1.0, length(vec2(dotAlong, dotAcross)));
+          float isDot = 1.0 - step(0.5, markIndex);
+          float visible = mix(dash, dot, isDot);
+          material.diffuse = color.rgb;
+          material.emission = color.rgb * mix(0.07, 0.65, isDot);
+          material.alpha = color.a * visible * mix(0.58, 1.0, isDot);
+          return material;
+        }`,
+      },
+    });
+    layerState._missionOrbitPatternRegistered = true;
+  }
+
+  function createMissionOrbitPatternMaterial(color) {
+    ensureMissionOrbitPatternRegistered();
+    return Cesium.Material.fromType('GevMissionOrbitTactical', {
+      color,
+      groupCount: MISSION_ORBIT_PATTERN_GROUPS,
+      dashCount: MISSION_ORBIT_DASHES_PER_GROUP,
+    });
+  }
+
+  function missionOrbitPrimitiveVisible(launchId) {
+    return Boolean(
+      layerState._enabled &&
+      layerState._dataSource?.show &&
+      (!layerState._selectedLaunchId ||
+        layerState._selectedLaunchId === launchId),
+    );
+  }
+
+  function syncMissionOrbitPrimitiveVisibility() {
+    for (const [launchId, path] of layerState._missionOrbitPrimitives) {
+      if (path.primitive)
+        path.primitive.show = missionOrbitPrimitiveVisible(launchId);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function removeMissionOrbitPrimitives() {
+    for (const path of layerState._missionOrbitPrimitives.values()) {
+      if (path.primitive && layerState._viewer?.scene?.primitives) {
+        layerState._viewer.scene.primitives.remove(path.primitive);
+      }
+    }
+    layerState._missionOrbitPrimitives.clear();
+  }
+
+  function updateMissionOrbitPrimitiveFrames(nowDate) {
+    for (const [launchId, path] of layerState._missionOrbitPrimitives) {
+      if (!path.primitive || !missionOrbitPrimitiveVisible(launchId)) continue;
+      orbitFrameModelMatrix(
+        path.gmstAtBake,
+        nowDate,
+        path.primitive.modelMatrix,
+      );
+      if (path.labelBakePosition && path.labelPosition) {
+        Cesium.Matrix4.multiplyByPoint(
+          path.primitive.modelMatrix,
+          path.labelBakePosition,
+          path.labelPosition,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function addMissionOrbitPrimitive(launch, orbitPath, satelliteTrack) {
+    if (
+      !layerState._viewer ||
+      !satelliteTrack ||
+      !Number.isFinite(satelliteTrack.gmstAtBake)
+    )
+      return false;
+    const collection = new Cesium.PolylineCollection();
+    collection.add({
+      positions: orbitPath,
+      width: 3,
+      material: createMissionOrbitPatternMaterial(
+        Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString('#22e6e6').withAlpha(0.95),
+      ),
+    });
+    collection.show = missionOrbitPrimitiveVisible(launch.id);
+    orbitFrameModelMatrix(
+      satelliteTrack.gmstAtBake,
+      new Date(),
+      collection.modelMatrix,
+    );
+    layerState._viewer.scene.primitives.add(collection);
+    layerState._missionOrbitPrimitives.set(launch.id, {
+      primitive: collection,
+      gmstAtBake: satelliteTrack.gmstAtBake,
+    });
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  function MissionOrbitPatternMaterialProperty(color) {
+    ensureMissionOrbitPatternRegistered();
+    this._color = color;
+    this._definitionChanged = new Cesium.Event();
+  }
+  Object.defineProperties(MissionOrbitPatternMaterialProperty.prototype, {
+    isConstant: {
+      get() {
+        return true;
+      },
+    },
+    definitionChanged: {
+      get() {
+        return this._definitionChanged;
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  MissionOrbitPatternMaterialProperty.prototype.getType = function getType() {
+    return 'GevMissionOrbitTactical';
+  };
+  MissionOrbitPatternMaterialProperty.prototype.getValue = function getValue(
+    time,
+    result,
+  ) {
+    if (!Cesium.defined(result)) result = {};
+    result.color = this._color;
+    result.groupCount = MISSION_ORBIT_PATTERN_GROUPS;
+    result.dashCount = MISSION_ORBIT_DASHES_PER_GROUP;
+    return result;
+  };
+  MissionOrbitPatternMaterialProperty.prototype.equals = function equals(
+    other,
+  ) {
+    return this === other;
+  };
+  return {
+    ensureMissionOrbitPatternRegistered,
+    createMissionOrbitPatternMaterial,
+    missionOrbitPrimitiveVisible,
+    syncMissionOrbitPrimitiveVisibility,
+    removeMissionOrbitPrimitives,
+    updateMissionOrbitPrimitiveFrames,
+    addMissionOrbitPrimitive,
+    MissionOrbitPatternMaterialProperty,
+  };
+}

src/layers/launches/overlays.js

@@ -0,0 +1,616 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import {
+  ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_COHORT_LIMIT,
+  ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+  ROCKET_MISSION_SELECTED_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+  ROCKET_MISSION_SELECTED_OVERLAY_SOURCE_OPTIONS,
+  ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_SOURCE_OPTIONS,
+} from './policy.js';
+
+export function createOverlays({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
+  /**
+   * Resolve whether a surface mission anchor is safely on the camera-facing
+   * side of Earth. The small positive limb margin prevents labels anchored just
+   * beyond the horizon from leaking through the hidden Cesium globe.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} cameraPosition Camera world position.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} markerPosition Mission anchor world position.
+   * @param {number} [limbMargin] Additional normalized horizon clearance.
+   * @returns {boolean} Whether the marker belongs on the visible hemisphere.
+   */
+
+  function missionAnchorHorizonVisible(
+    cameraPosition,
+    markerPosition,
+    limbMargin = 0.012,
+  ) {
+    if (!cameraPosition || !markerPosition) return false;
+    const cameraMagnitude = Cesium.Cartesian3.magnitude(cameraPosition);
+    if (
+      !Number.isFinite(cameraMagnitude) ||
+      cameraMagnitude <= Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84.maximumRadius
+    ) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    const cameraDirection = Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(
+      cameraPosition,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    const markerDirection = Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(
+      markerPosition,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    const limbThreshold =
+      Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84.maximumRadius / cameraMagnitude;
+    return (
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.dot(cameraDirection, markerDirection) >
+      limbThreshold + limbMargin
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve launch-anchor visibility for overview and selected-mission views.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} cameraPosition Camera world position.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} markerPosition Mission anchor world position.
+   * @param {string} markerId Mission represented by this anchor.
+   * @param {string|null} selectedLaunchId Explicitly selected mission.
+   * @returns {boolean} Whether the launch anchor should render.
+   */
+
+  function missionAnchorVisible(
+    cameraPosition,
+    markerPosition,
+    markerId,
+    selectedLaunchId = null,
+  ) {
+    if (selectedLaunchId && markerId !== selectedLaunchId) return false;
+    return missionAnchorHorizonVisible(cameraPosition, markerPosition);
+  }
+
+  function shortMissionLabel(name, maxLength = 24) {
+    const text = String(name || 'Unnamed mission')
+      .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
+      .trim()
+      .split(' | ')[0];
+    const compact = text.split(' — ')[0].trim();
+    return compact.length > maxLength
+      ? `${compact.slice(0, maxLength - 1).trimEnd()}…`
+      : compact;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reduce generic launch-complex names to their identifying pad or area suffix.
+   * @param {string|null} launchSite Launch Library pad name.
+   * @returns {string|null} Compact launch-site identifier.
+   */
+
+  function compactLaunchSiteName(launchSite) {
+    const text = String(launchSite || '')
+      .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
+      .trim();
+    if (!text || /^(unknown|unavailable|n\/a)$/i.test(text)) return null;
+    const genericPrefix =
+      /^(?:orbital\s+launch\s+pad|space\s+launch\s+complex|launch\s+(?:area|complex|pad|site))\s*[-·:]?\s*/i;
+    const compact = text.replace(genericPrefix, '').trim();
+    return compact || null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Build the source-owned launch-site marker presentation. Overview markers
+   * compete in the bounded ambient-label domain; the selected mission moves to
+   * the protected selected lane and gains the former launch-site detail line.
+   * @param {object} launch Normalized Launch Library mission.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3|function():Cesium.Cartesian3} position Existing display position.
+   * @param {boolean} [selected=false] Whether the mission owns the selected view.
+   * @returns {object}
+   */
+
+  function createRocketMissionMarkerOverlayEntry(
+    launch,
+    position,
+    selected = false,
+  ) {
+    const mission = shortMissionLabel(launch?.name, 26).toUpperCase();
+    const siteName = compactLaunchSiteName(launch?.launchSite);
+    const launchTimeMs = Date.parse(launch?.launchTime);
+    const details = selected
+      ? [
+          siteName
+            ? `LAUNCH SITE · ${shortMissionLabel(siteName, 20).toUpperCase()}`
+            : 'LAUNCH SITE',
+        ]
+      : [];
+    return {
+      id: `launch:${launch?.id}`,
+      position,
+      variant: 'label',
+      title: mission,
+      details,
+      accent: '#22e6e6',
+      priority: selected
+        ? Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
+        : Number.isFinite(launchTimeMs)
+          ? Math.floor(launchTimeMs / 1000)
+          : 0,
+      selected,
+      protected: selected,
+      paintLane: selected ? 'selected' : 'ambient-label',
+      collisionGroup: 'ambient-label',
+      interactive: false,
+      distanceScale: {
+        near: 1000,
+        nearValue: 1.08,
+        far: 20_000_000,
+        farValue: 0.78,
+      },
+      gapPx: 12,
+      verticalOnly: true,
+      placement: 'above',
+      edgeFade: 'keyhole',
+      horizonCull: true,
+      terrainOcclusion: false,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Build one protected label belonging to the selected mission's trajectory,
+   * live payload position, or orbit. Copy is already source-formatted by the
+   * caller; newline semantics become explicit host detail rows.
+   * @param {object} input
+   * @param {string} input.id Stable mission-element identity.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3|function():Cesium.Cartesian3} input.position Existing cached position.
+   * @param {string} input.text Former native-label text, including newlines.
+   * @param {string} input.accent Source-owned label color.
+   * @param {number} [input.priority=0] Protected placement order.
+   * @param {number} [input.gapPx=8] Anchor-to-label gap.
+   * @returns {object}
+   */
+
+  function createRocketMissionElementOverlayEntry({
+    id,
+    position,
+    text,
+    accent,
+    priority = 0,
+    gapPx = 8,
+  }) {
+    const [title, ...details] = String(text || '').split('\n');
+    return {
+      id: String(id),
+      position,
+      variant: 'label',
+      title,
+      details,
+      accent,
+      priority,
+      selected: true,
+      protected: true,
+      paintLane: 'selected',
+      collisionGroup: 'ambient-label',
+      interactive: false,
+      gapPx,
+      verticalOnly: true,
+      placement: 'above',
+      edgeFade: 'keyhole',
+      horizonCull: true,
+      terrainOcclusion: false,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** Keep the newest ambient mission markers with stable identity tie-breaking. */
+
+  function selectRocketMissionMarkerOverlayCohort(
+    entries,
+    limit = ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_COHORT_LIMIT,
+  ) {
+    const cap = Math.max(
+      0,
+      Math.min(
+        ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_COHORT_LIMIT,
+        Math.floor(Number(limit) || 0),
+      ),
+    );
+    if (!Array.isArray(entries) || cap === 0) return [];
+    return entries
+      .slice()
+      .sort(
+        (a, b) =>
+          b.priority - a.priority || String(a.id).localeCompare(String(b.id)),
+      )
+      .slice(0, cap);
+  }
+
+  function missionHoverReticleImage() {
+    if (layerState._missionHoverReticleImage)
+      return layerState._missionHoverReticleImage;
+    const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
+    const size = 48;
+    const inset = 6;
+    const arm = 12;
+    canvas.width = size;
+    canvas.height = size;
+    const context = canvas.getContext('2d');
+    context.strokeStyle = '#22e6e6';
+    context.lineWidth = 2;
+    context.lineCap = 'square';
+    context.shadowColor = 'rgba(34, 230, 230, .72)';
+    context.shadowBlur = 5;
+    context.beginPath();
+    context.moveTo(inset, inset + arm);
+    context.lineTo(inset, inset);
+    context.lineTo(inset + arm, inset);
+    context.moveTo(size - inset - arm, inset);
+    context.lineTo(size - inset, inset);
+    context.lineTo(size - inset, inset + arm);
+    context.moveTo(inset, size - inset - arm);
+    context.lineTo(inset, size - inset);
+    context.lineTo(inset + arm, size - inset);
+    context.moveTo(size - inset - arm, size - inset);
+    context.lineTo(size - inset, size - inset);
+    context.lineTo(size - inset, size - inset - arm);
+    context.stroke();
+    layerState._missionHoverReticleImage = canvas;
+    return canvas;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve the one permitted screen-space replay overlay state.
+   * @param {object} input Overlay state.
+   * @param {boolean} input.replayActive Whether replay owns the camera.
+   * @param {boolean} input.ascending Whether the replay marker is on ascent.
+   * @param {boolean} input.countdownActive Whether the T-minus hold is active.
+   * @returns {'countdown'|'ascent'|'orbit'|null}
+   */
+
+  function replayOverlayMode({
+    replayActive,
+    ascending,
+    countdownActive,
+    preCountdownActive = false,
+  }) {
+    if (!replayActive) return null;
+    if (preCountdownActive) return null;
+    if (countdownActive) return 'countdown';
+    return ascending ? 'ascent' : 'orbit';
+  }
+
+  function createReplayVehicleOverlay() {
+    if (layerState._replayVehicleOverlay || typeof document === 'undefined')
+      return;
+    const host = document.getElementById('cesiumContainer') || document.body;
+    layerState._replayVehicleOverlay = document.createElement('div');
+    layerState._replayVehicleOverlay.className =
+      'mission-replay-vehicle-overlay';
+    layerState._replayVehicleOverlay.hidden = true;
+    layerState._replayVehicleOverlay.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'true');
+    layerState._replayVehicleOverlay.innerHTML = `
+    <div class="mission-replay-flight-symbol">
+      <svg class="mission-replay-rocket" viewBox="0 0 48 72" aria-hidden="true">
+        <path class="mission-replay-rocket-body" d="M24 5C16 14 14 27 15 45L9 54L18 51L24 58L30 51L39 54L33 45C34 27 32 14 24 5Z"></path>
+        <circle class="mission-replay-rocket-port" cx="24" cy="29" r="3.4"></circle>
+      </svg>
+      <svg class="mission-replay-thrust" viewBox="0 0 72 72" aria-hidden="true">
+        <ellipse style="--thrust-index:0" cx="36" cy="7" rx="5" ry="1.8"></ellipse>
+        <ellipse style="--thrust-index:1" cx="36" cy="15" rx="8" ry="2.4"></ellipse>
+        <ellipse style="--thrust-index:2" cx="36" cy="24" rx="11" ry="3"></ellipse>
+        <ellipse style="--thrust-index:3" cx="36" cy="35" rx="15" ry="3.8"></ellipse>
+        <ellipse style="--thrust-index:4" cx="36" cy="48" rx="20" ry="4.7"></ellipse>
+        <ellipse style="--thrust-index:5" cx="36" cy="63" rx="26" ry="5.8"></ellipse>
+      </svg>
+    </div>
+    <div class="mission-replay-orbit-dot" aria-hidden="true"></div>
+    <div class="mission-replay-overlay-callout">
+      <strong data-replay-overlay-title></strong>
+      <span data-replay-overlay-detail></span>
+    </div>`;
+    host.appendChild(layerState._replayVehicleOverlay);
+  }
+
+  function hideReplayVehicleOverlay() {
+    if (!layerState._replayVehicleOverlay) return;
+    layerState._replayVehicleOverlay.hidden = true;
+    layerState._replayVehicleOverlay.classList.remove(
+      'is-thrusting',
+      'is-paused',
+    );
+  }
+
+  function destroyReplayVehicleOverlay() {
+    layerState._replayVehicleOverlay?.remove();
+    layerState._replayVehicleOverlay = null;
+    layerState._replayVehicleOverlayText = '';
+  }
+
+  function clearMissionOverlaySources() {
+    layerState._selectedMissionOverlayTimeText = null;
+    layerState._missionOverlayHost.clearSource(
+      ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+    );
+    layerState._missionOverlayHost.setVisible(
+      ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+      false,
+    );
+    layerState._missionOverlayHost.clearSource(
+      ROCKET_MISSION_SELECTED_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+    );
+    layerState._missionOverlayHost.setVisible(
+      ROCKET_MISSION_SELECTED_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+      false,
+    );
+  }
+
+  function syncMissionOverlayEntries() {
+    if (!layerState._enabled || !layerState._dataSource?.show) {
+      clearMissionOverlaySources();
+      return;
+    }
+    const selectedRecord = layerState._selectedLaunchId
+      ? layerState._missionOverlayRecords.get(layerState._selectedLaunchId)
+      : null;
+    if (selectedRecord) {
+      layerState._missionOverlayHost.clearSource(
+        ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+      );
+      layerState._missionOverlayHost.setVisible(
+        ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+        false,
+      );
+      const entries = selectedRecord.elementEntryFactories.map((createEntry) =>
+        createEntry(),
+      );
+      if (layerState._replayCameraLaunchId !== selectedRecord.launch.id) {
+        entries.unshift(
+          createRocketMissionMarkerOverlayEntry(
+            selectedRecord.launch,
+            selectedRecord.anchorPosition,
+            true,
+          ),
+        );
+      }
+      layerState._missionOverlayHost.setEntries(
+        ROCKET_MISSION_SELECTED_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+        entries,
+        ROCKET_MISSION_SELECTED_OVERLAY_SOURCE_OPTIONS,
+      );
+      layerState._missionOverlayHost.setVisible(
+        ROCKET_MISSION_SELECTED_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+        true,
+      );
+      layerState._selectedMissionOverlayTimeText = selectedRecord.liveEventTime
+        ? parts.policyHelpers.formatMissionEventTime(
+            selectedRecord.liveEventTime(),
+          )
+        : null;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    layerState._missionOverlayHost.clearSource(
+      ROCKET_MISSION_SELECTED_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+    );
+    layerState._missionOverlayHost.setVisible(
+      ROCKET_MISSION_SELECTED_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+      false,
+    );
+    layerState._selectedMissionOverlayTimeText = null;
+    const entries = selectRocketMissionMarkerOverlayCohort(
+      Array.from(layerState._missionOverlayRecords.values(), (record) => {
+        const entry = createRocketMissionMarkerOverlayEntry(
+          record.launch,
+          record.anchorPosition,
+        );
+        if (record.launch.id === layerState._hoveredRosterLaunchId) {
+          entry.pinned = true;
+          entry.priority = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER - 1;
+        }
+        return entry;
+      }),
+    );
+    layerState._missionOverlayHost.setEntries(
+      ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+      entries,
+      ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_SOURCE_OPTIONS,
+    );
+    layerState._missionOverlayHost.setVisible(
+      ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+      true,
+    );
+  }
+
+  function refreshSelectedMissionOverlayText() {
+    const selectedRecord = layerState._selectedLaunchId
+      ? layerState._missionOverlayRecords.get(layerState._selectedLaunchId)
+      : null;
+    if (!selectedRecord?.liveEventTime) return;
+    const nextText = parts.policyHelpers.formatMissionEventTime(
+      selectedRecord.liveEventTime(),
+    );
+    if (nextText !== layerState._selectedMissionOverlayTimeText)
+      syncMissionOverlayEntries();
+  }
+
+  function updateReplayVehicleOverlay(occluder) {
+    if (
+      !layerState._viewer ||
+      !layerState._replayVehicleOverlay ||
+      !layerState._selectedLaunchId
+    ) {
+      hideReplayVehicleOverlay();
+      return null;
+    }
+    const launch = layerState._launches.find(
+      (item) => item.id === layerState._selectedLaunchId,
+    );
+    const track = layerState._replayTracks.get(layerState._selectedLaunchId);
+    if (!launch || !track) {
+      hideReplayVehicleOverlay();
+      return null;
+    }
+    const replayActive = layerState._replayCameraLaunchId === launch.id;
+    const state = track.getReplayState();
+    const mode = replayOverlayMode({
+      replayActive,
+      ascending: state.ascending,
+      countdownActive: state.countdownActive,
+      preCountdownActive: state.preCountdownActive,
+    });
+    if (!mode) {
+      track.lastOverlayWindowPosition = null;
+      track.lastOverlayMode = null;
+      hideReplayVehicleOverlay();
+      return null;
+    }
+    const path = state.ascending ? track.ascentPath : track.animatedOrbitPath;
+    // Do not call scene.sampleHeight() from this post-render path. A selected
+    // mission can remain visible from globe range, and a periodic remote height
+    // probe forces Google Photorealistic 3D Tiles to reconsider its refinement
+    // set even though the camera is stationary. That presented as a one-second
+    // shrink/expand pulse across the globe. Replay follows its already-built,
+    // surface-safe Cartesian path and therefore needs no runtime pad sampling.
+    const position = parts.paths.samplePath(path, state.phaseProgress);
+    if (!position || !occluder.isPointVisible(position)) {
+      hideReplayVehicleOverlay();
+      return null;
+    }
+    const windowPosition = Cesium.SceneTransforms.worldToWindowCoordinates(
+      layerState._viewer.scene,
+      position,
+    );
+    if (!windowPosition) {
+      hideReplayVehicleOverlay();
+      return null;
+    }
+    const canvas = layerState._viewer.scene.canvas;
+    if (
+      windowPosition.x < -80 ||
+      windowPosition.y < -100 ||
+      windowPosition.x > canvas.clientWidth + 80 ||
+      windowPosition.y > canvas.clientHeight + 100
+    ) {
+      hideReplayVehicleOverlay();
+      return null;
+    }
+    // The replay camera already targets this same frame-cached world position.
+    // Applying a second temporal filter here made the DOM vehicle trail the
+    // camera until the snap threshold was crossed, producing a repeating
+    // forward/back jump. Keep smoothing only for the non-tracked close-up pad
+    // marker, where the user can move the camera independently.
+    const renderedWindowPosition =
+      !replayActive && track.lastOverlayMode === mode
+        ? parts.replay.smoothReplayWindowPosition(
+            track.lastOverlayWindowPosition,
+            windowPosition,
+          )
+        : windowPosition;
+    track.lastOverlayWindowPosition = renderedWindowPosition;
+    track.lastOverlayMode = mode;
+    layerState._replayVehicleOverlay.hidden = false;
+    layerState._replayVehicleOverlay.dataset.mode = mode;
+    layerState._replayVehicleOverlay.classList.toggle(
+      'is-thrusting',
+      replayActive && state.ascending && !state.countdownActive,
+    );
+    layerState._replayVehicleOverlay.classList.toggle(
+      'is-paused',
+      replayActive && layerState._replayPaused,
+    );
+    layerState._replayVehicleOverlay.style.transform = `translate3d(${renderedWindowPosition.x}px, ${renderedWindowPosition.y}px, 0) translate(-50%, -50%)`;
+    let vehicleRotation = 0;
+    if (replayActive && !state.countdownActive) {
+      const tangentStep = Math.max(0.002, 0.8 / Math.max(2, path.length - 1));
+      const forwardProgress = Math.min(1, state.phaseProgress + tangentStep);
+      const backwardProgress = Math.max(0, state.phaseProgress - tangentStep);
+      const useForward = forwardProgress > state.phaseProgress;
+      const tangentPosition = parts.paths.samplePath(
+        path,
+        useForward ? forwardProgress : backwardProgress,
+      );
+      const tangentWindowPosition = tangentPosition
+        ? Cesium.SceneTransforms.worldToWindowCoordinates(
+            layerState._viewer.scene,
+            tangentPosition,
+          )
+        : null;
+      if (tangentWindowPosition) {
+        const screenDelta = Math.hypot(
+          tangentWindowPosition.x - windowPosition.x,
+          tangentWindowPosition.y - windowPosition.y,
+        );
+        // When the path points almost directly into/out of the camera, its
+        // screen projection has no trustworthy direction. Keep the last valid
+        // path-facing pose instead of snapping the rocket to a camera-facing
+        // upright orientation.
+        if (screenDelta >= 2) {
+          vehicleRotation = useForward
+            ? parts.replay.replayVehicleScreenRotation(
+                windowPosition,
+                tangentWindowPosition,
+              )
+            : parts.replay.replayVehicleScreenRotation(
+                tangentWindowPosition,
+                windowPosition,
+              );
+          track.lastVehicleRotation = vehicleRotation;
+        } else if (Number.isFinite(track.lastVehicleRotation)) {
+          vehicleRotation = track.lastVehicleRotation;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    layerState._replayVehicleOverlay.style.setProperty(
+      '--mission-replay-rotation',
+      `${Cesium.Math.toDegrees(vehicleRotation)}deg`,
+    );
+
+    const mission = shortMissionLabel(launch.name, 22).toUpperCase();
+    const siteName = compactLaunchSiteName(launch.launchSite);
+    const siteCallout = siteName
+      ? `LAUNCH SITE · ${shortMissionLabel(siteName, 20).toUpperCase()}`
+      : 'LAUNCH SITE';
+    let title = mission;
+    let detail = siteCallout;
+    if (mode === 'countdown') {
+      title = `T−${String(state.countdownSeconds).padStart(2, '0')} · ${mission}`;
+      detail = `LAUNCH STANDBY\n${siteCallout}`;
+    } else if (mode === 'ascent') {
+      title =
+        state.elapsedSinceStart < 1
+          ? `LIFTOFF · ${mission}`
+          : `${launch.trajectory.length > 1 ? 'ASCENT REPLAY' : 'ASCENT ESTIMATE'} · ${mission}`;
+      detail = parts.policyHelpers.formatMissionEventTime(state.eventTime);
+    } else if (mode === 'recovery') {
+      title = `STAGE RE-ENTRY / RECOVERY · ${mission}`;
+      detail = parts.policyHelpers.formatMissionEventTime(state.eventTime);
+    } else if (mode === 'orbit') {
+      title = `ORBIT REPLAY · ${mission}`;
+      detail = parts.policyHelpers.formatMissionEventTime(state.eventTime);
+    }
+    if (layerState._replayPaused) title = `PAUSED · ${title}`;
+    const nextText = `${title}\n${detail}`;
+    if (nextText !== layerState._replayVehicleOverlayText) {
+      layerState._replayVehicleOverlayText = nextText;
+      layerState._replayVehicleOverlay.querySelector(
+        '[data-replay-overlay-title]',
+      ).textContent = title;
+      layerState._replayVehicleOverlay.querySelector(
+        '[data-replay-overlay-detail]',
+      ).textContent = detail;
+    }
+    return mode;
+  }
+  return {
+    missionAnchorHorizonVisible,
+    missionAnchorVisible,
+    shortMissionLabel,
+    compactLaunchSiteName,
+    createRocketMissionMarkerOverlayEntry,
+    createRocketMissionElementOverlayEntry,
+    selectRocketMissionMarkerOverlayCohort,
+    missionHoverReticleImage,
+    replayOverlayMode,
+    createReplayVehicleOverlay,
+    hideReplayVehicleOverlay,
+    destroyReplayVehicleOverlay,
+    clearMissionOverlaySources,
+    syncMissionOverlayEntries,
+    refreshSelectedMissionOverlayText,
+    updateReplayVehicleOverlay,
+  };
+}

src/layers/launches/panel.js

@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import {
+  MISSION_CLOSE_VIEW_RANGE_M,
+  MISSION_GLOBE_VIEW_RANGE_M,
+} from './policy.js';
+
+export function createPanel({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
+  /**
+   * Preserve the user's globe scale for roster previews while avoiding an
+   * accidental surface-level fly-to when the list is opened from a close view.
+   * @param {number} cameraHeight Current camera height above the ellipsoid.
+   * @returns {number} Preview range in metres.
+   */
+
+  function missionHoverPreviewRange(cameraHeight) {
+    const height = Number(cameraHeight);
+    return Math.max(
+      MISSION_CLOSE_VIEW_RANGE_M,
+      Number.isFinite(height) ? height : MISSION_GLOBE_VIEW_RANGE_M,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Coordinate pointer and keyboard ownership of the temporary roster preview.
+   * The most recent input owns the preview until it leaves, then any remaining
+   * input resumes ownership. This lets keyboard focus take over from a pointer
+   * resting on another row without losing that pointer preview on blur.
+   * @param {{preview: (index: number) => void, clear: () => void}} handlers
+   * @returns {{pointerEnter: (index: number) => void, pointerLeave: () => void,
+   *   focus: (index: number) => void, blur: (nextIndex?: number|null) => void,
+   *   reset: () => void}}
+   */
+
+  function createMissionRosterPreviewOwnership({ preview, clear }) {
+    let pointerIndex = null;
+    let focusIndex = null;
+    let latestOwner = null;
+    let activeIndex = null;
+
+    const sync = () => {
+      const nextIndex =
+        latestOwner === 'pointer'
+          ? (pointerIndex ?? focusIndex)
+          : (focusIndex ?? pointerIndex);
+      if (nextIndex === activeIndex) return;
+      activeIndex = nextIndex;
+      if (Number.isInteger(nextIndex)) preview(nextIndex);
+      else clear();
+    };
+
+    return {
+      pointerEnter(index) {
+        pointerIndex = index;
+        latestOwner = 'pointer';
+        sync();
+      },
+      pointerLeave() {
+        pointerIndex = null;
+        if (latestOwner === 'pointer')
+          latestOwner = focusIndex === null ? null : 'focus';
+        sync();
+      },
+      focus(index) {
+        focusIndex = index;
+        latestOwner = 'focus';
+        sync();
+      },
+      blur(nextIndex = null) {
+        focusIndex = Number.isInteger(nextIndex) ? nextIndex : null;
+        if (latestOwner === 'focus')
+          latestOwner =
+            focusIndex === null
+              ? pointerIndex === null
+                ? null
+                : 'pointer'
+              : 'focus';
+        sync();
+      },
+      reset() {
+        pointerIndex = null;
+        focusIndex = null;
+        latestOwner = null;
+        activeIndex = null;
+        clear();
+      },
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Bind native keyboard focus events for one rendered roster row.
+   * @param {Element} button Mission roster button.
+   * @param {number} index Source-array mission index.
+   * @param {{pointerEnter: (index: number) => void, pointerLeave: () => void,
+   *   focus: (index: number) => void, blur: (nextIndex?: number|null) => void}} ownership
+   * @param {Element} roster Roster root used to reject focus targets outside the list.
+   */
+
+  function bindMissionRosterItemKeyboardPreview(
+    button,
+    index,
+    ownership,
+    roster,
+  ) {
+    button.addEventListener('mouseenter', () => ownership.pointerEnter(index));
+    button.addEventListener('mouseleave', () => ownership.pointerLeave());
+    button.addEventListener('focus', () => ownership.focus(index));
+    button.addEventListener('blur', (event) => {
+      const nextButton = event.relatedTarget?.closest?.(
+        '[data-mission-roster-index]',
+      );
+      const nextIndex =
+        nextButton && roster.contains(nextButton)
+          ? Number(nextButton.dataset.missionRosterIndex)
+          : null;
+      ownership.blur(nextIndex);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /** Capture the exact mission identity owned by keyboard focus before a refresh. */
+
+  function captureMissionRosterFocus(
+    list,
+    activeElement = globalThis.document?.activeElement,
+  ) {
+    const button = activeElement?.closest?.('[data-mission-roster-id]');
+    if (!button || !list?.contains(button)) return null;
+    const launchId = button.dataset.missionRosterId;
+    return launchId ? { launchId } : null;
+  }
+
+  /** Restore focus by mission identity, or continue after the list if it departed. */
+
+  function restoreMissionRosterFocus(list, snapshot, continuation) {
+    if (!snapshot?.launchId) return 'none';
+    const button = Array.from(
+      list?.querySelectorAll?.('[data-mission-roster-id]') || [],
+    ).find(
+      (candidate) => candidate.dataset.missionRosterId === snapshot.launchId,
+    );
+    if (button) {
+      button.focus({ preventScroll: true });
+      return 'restored';
+    }
+    if (continuation?.focus) {
+      continuation.focus({ preventScroll: true });
+      return 'continued';
+    }
+    return 'none';
+  }
+
+  /** Resolve a pending preview against the current refresh, never a stale object. */
+
+  function resolveMissionRosterPreviewLaunch(launches, launchId) {
+    return (
+      (launches || []).find((candidate) => candidate.id === launchId) || null
+    );
+  }
+
+  function missionTableRows(items, columns, emptyText) {
+    if (!items.length)
+      return `<tr><td colspan="${columns}" class="mission-table-empty">${emptyText}</td></tr>`;
+    return items.map((item) => item).join('');
+  }
+
+  function setMissionPanelField(selector, value, title = '') {
+    const output = layerState._missionPanel?.querySelector(selector);
+    if (!output) return;
+    const row = output.closest('[data-mission-field]');
+    const available =
+      value !== null && value !== undefined && String(value).trim() !== '';
+    if (row) row.hidden = !available;
+    if (!available) {
+      output.textContent = '';
+      output.removeAttribute('title');
+      return;
+    }
+    output.textContent = value;
+    if (title) output.title = title;
+    else output.removeAttribute('title');
+  }
+
+  function renderMissionPanel() {
+    if (!layerState._missionPanel) return;
+    const launch = layerState._launches.find(
+      (item) => item.id === layerState._selectedLaunchId,
+    );
+    const index = launch ? layerState._launches.indexOf(launch) : -1;
+    layerState._missionPanel.hidden = !launch;
+    if (!launch) return;
+    layerState._missionPanel.querySelector('[data-mission-title]').textContent =
+      parts.overlays.shortMissionLabel(launch.name, 32).toUpperCase();
+    setMissionPanelField('[data-mission-provider]', launch.provider);
+    setMissionPanelField('[data-mission-status]', launch.status);
+    setMissionPanelField(
+      '[data-mission-site]',
+      launch.launchSite && launch.launchSite !== 'Unknown launch site'
+        ? launch.launchSite
+        : null,
+    );
+    setMissionPanelField('[data-mission-time]', launch.launchTime);
+    const pathPresentation = parts.policyHelpers.missionPathPresentation(
+      launch,
+      layerState._replayTracks.has(launch.id),
+    );
+    setMissionPanelField('[data-mission-orbit]', pathPresentation.orbit);
+    layerState._missionPanel.querySelector(
+      '[data-mission-ascent-source]',
+    ).textContent = pathPresentation.ascent;
+    const payloadRows = launch.payloads.length
+      ? launch.payloads.slice(0, 5).map((payload) => {
+          const detail = [
+            payload.manufacturer,
+            payload.operator && payload.operator !== payload.manufacturer
+              ? payload.operator
+              : null,
+            Number.isFinite(payload.massKg)
+              ? `${payload.massKg.toLocaleString()} KG`
+              : null,
+          ]
+            .filter(Boolean)
+            .join(' · ');
+          return `<tr><td>${escapeMissionText(payload.name)}${payload.amount > 1 ? ` ×${payload.amount}` : ''}${detail ? `<small>${escapeMissionText(detail)}</small>` : ''}</td><td>${escapeMissionText(payload.type || 'UNSPECIFIED')}</td><td>${escapeMissionText(payload.destination || launch.orbit?.name || 'UNAVAILABLE')}</td></tr>`;
+        })
+      : [];
+    if (launch.payloads.length > 5) {
+      payloadRows.push(
+        `<tr><td colspan="3" class="mission-table-empty">+${launch.payloads.length - 5} additional payload records</td></tr>`,
+      );
+    }
+    layerState._missionPanel.querySelector(
+      '[data-mission-payloads]',
+    ).innerHTML = missionTableRows(payloadRows, 3, 'PAYLOAD DATA UNAVAILABLE');
+    const stageRows = launch.recoveryStages.map((stage) => {
+      const endpoint = stage.endpoint;
+      const destination =
+        stage.destination ||
+        (endpoint?.accuracy === 'PAD / RTLS'
+          ? launch.launchSite
+          : 'UNAVAILABLE');
+      const position = endpoint
+        ? `${endpoint.lat.toFixed(2)}, ${endpoint.lon.toFixed(2)} · ${endpoint.accuracy}`
+        : stage.downrangeKm > 0
+          ? `${stage.downrangeKm.toLocaleString()} KM DOWNRANGE`
+          : 'POSITION UNAVAILABLE';
+      const stageDetail = [
+        Number.isFinite(stage.flightNumber)
+          ? `FLIGHT ${stage.flightNumber}`
+          : null,
+        stage.reused ? 'REUSED' : null,
+        stage.recoveryType,
+      ]
+        .filter(Boolean)
+        .join(' · ');
+      return `<tr><td>${escapeMissionText(stage.name)}${stageDetail ? `<small>${escapeMissionText(stageDetail)}</small>` : ''}</td><td>${escapeMissionText(stage.status)}</td><td>${escapeMissionText(destination)}<small>${escapeMissionText(position)}</small></td></tr>`;
+    });
+    layerState._missionPanel.querySelector('[data-mission-stages]').innerHTML =
+      missionTableRows(stageRows, 3, 'NO STAGE RE-ENTRY / RECOVERY DATA');
+    const stageSection = layerState._missionPanel.querySelector(
+      '[data-mission-stages-section]',
+    );
+    if (stageSection) stageSection.hidden = stageRows.length === 0;
+    updateMissionTelemetry(true);
+    layerState._missionPanel.querySelector('[data-mission-index]').textContent =
+      `${index + 1} / ${layerState._launches.length}`;
+    layerState._missionPanel.querySelector('[data-mission-prev]').disabled =
+      index <= 0;
+    layerState._missionPanel.querySelector('[data-mission-next]').disabled =
+      index < 0 || index >= layerState._launches.length - 1;
+    parts.replay.syncReplayButton();
+    const panelScroller = layerState._missionPanel.closest(
+      '.global-context-panel-inner',
+    );
+    if (panelScroller) panelScroller.scrollTop = 0;
+  }
+
+  function renderMissionRoster() {
+    if (!layerState._missionRoster) return;
+    const list = layerState._missionRoster.querySelector(
+      '[data-mission-roster-list]',
+    );
+    const count = layerState._missionRoster.querySelector(
+      '[data-mission-roster-count]',
+    );
+    if (count) count.textContent = `${layerState._launches.length} / 30D`;
+    if (!list) return;
+    const focusSnapshot = captureMissionRosterFocus(list);
+    layerState._missionRosterPreviewOwnership?.reset();
+    const entries = parts.policyHelpers.missionRosterEntries(
+      layerState._launches,
+    );
+    if (!entries.length) {
+      list.innerHTML =
+        '<div class="space-mission-roster-empty">NO MISSIONS AVAILABLE IN THE CURRENT 30-DAY WINDOW</div>';
+      restoreMissionRosterFocus(
+        list,
+        focusSnapshot,
+        layerState._missionRoster.querySelector(
+          '[data-mission-roster-focus-continuation]',
+        ),
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    list.innerHTML = entries
+      .map(({ launch, index }) => {
+        const color = parts.model.missionMarkerColor(launch).toCssColorString();
+        const date = launch.launchTime?.slice(0, 10) || 'DATE UNAVAILABLE';
+        const provider = launch.provider || 'UNSPECIFIED OPERATOR';
+        const label = parts.overlays
+          .shortMissionLabel(launch.name, 27)
+          .toUpperCase();
+        return `<button type="button" class="space-mission-roster-item" data-mission-roster-index="${index}" data-mission-roster-id="${escapeMissionText(launch.id)}" aria-label="Select ${escapeMissionText(label)}"><span class="space-mission-roster-marker" style="--mission-roster-color:${color}" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="space-mission-roster-copy"><strong>${escapeMissionText(label)}</strong><small>${escapeMissionText(provider)} · ${escapeMissionText(date)}</small></span><span class="space-mission-roster-chevron" aria-hidden="true">›</span></button>`;
+      })
+      .join('');
+    list.querySelectorAll('[data-mission-roster-index]').forEach((button) => {
+      const index = Number(button.dataset.missionRosterIndex);
+      bindMissionRosterItemKeyboardPreview(
+        button,
+        index,
+        layerState._missionRosterPreviewOwnership,
+        layerState._missionRoster,
+      );
+    });
+    restoreMissionRosterFocus(
+      list,
+      focusSnapshot,
+      layerState._missionRoster.querySelector(
+        '[data-mission-roster-focus-continuation]',
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
+  function escapeMissionText(value) {
+    return String(value ?? '').replace(
+      /[&<>"']/g,
+      (character) =>
+        ({
+          '&': '&amp;',
+          '<': '&lt;',
+          '>': '&gt;',
+          '"': '&quot;',
+          "'": '&#39;',
+        })[character],
+    );
+  }
+
+  function updateMissionTelemetry(force = false) {
+    if (
+      !layerState._missionPanel ||
+      !layerState._selectedLaunchId ||
+      !layerState._dataSource
+    )
+      return;
+    const now = performance.now();
+    if (!force && now - layerState._lastPanelTelemetryMs < 250) return;
+    layerState._lastPanelTelemetryMs = now;
+    const satellite = layerState._dataSource.entities.getById(
+      `rocket-satellite:${layerState._selectedLaunchId}`,
+    );
+    const position = satellite?.position?.getValue(
+      Cesium.JulianDate.now(layerState._declutterTime),
+    );
+    const altitudeM = position
+      ? Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(position)?.height
+      : null;
+    setMissionPanelField(
+      '[data-mission-distance]',
+      Number.isFinite(altitudeM)
+        ? `${Math.max(0, altitudeM / 1000).toLocaleString(undefined, { maximumFractionDigits: 0 })} KM`
+        : null,
+    );
+    const speedMps = layerState._satelliteTelemetry.get(
+      layerState._selectedLaunchId,
+    )?.speedMps;
+    setMissionPanelField(
+      '[data-mission-speed]',
+      Number.isFinite(speedMps)
+        ? `${(speedMps / 1000).toLocaleString(undefined, { minimumFractionDigits: 2, maximumFractionDigits: 2 })} KM/S`
+        : null,
+      Number.isFinite(speedMps)
+        ? `${(speedMps * 3.6).toLocaleString(undefined, { maximumFractionDigits: 0 })} km/h`
+        : '',
+    );
+  }
+
+  function selectMissionAt(index) {
+    const launch = layerState._launches[index];
+    if (!launch) return;
+    parts.selection.setSelectedMission(launch.id, true);
+    parts.selection.focusMission(launch);
+  }
+
+  function clearMissionRosterPreviewState() {
+    if (layerState._missionRosterHoverTimer)
+      clearTimeout(layerState._missionRosterHoverTimer);
+    layerState._missionRosterHoverTimer = null;
+    const changed = layerState._hoveredRosterLaunchId !== null;
+    layerState._hoveredRosterLaunchId = null;
+    if (changed) parts.overlays.syncMissionOverlayEntries();
+  }
+
+  function clearMissionRosterHover() {
+    if (layerState._missionRosterPreviewOwnership)
+      layerState._missionRosterPreviewOwnership.reset();
+    else clearMissionRosterPreviewState();
+  }
+
+  function scheduleMissionRosterPreview(index) {
+    const launch = layerState._launches[index];
+    if (!launch || layerState._selectedLaunchId) return;
+    if (layerState._missionRosterHoverTimer)
+      clearTimeout(layerState._missionRosterHoverTimer);
+    layerState._hoveredRosterLaunchId = launch.id;
+    parts.overlays.syncMissionOverlayEntries();
+    layerState._missionRosterHoverTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+      layerState._missionRosterHoverTimer = null;
+      if (layerState._hoveredRosterLaunchId !== launch.id) return;
+      const currentLaunch = resolveMissionRosterPreviewLaunch(
+        layerState._launches,
+        launch.id,
+      );
+      if (currentLaunch)
+        parts.policyHelpers.previewMissionFromRoster(currentLaunch);
+    }, 140);
+  }
+
+  function createMissionPanel() {
+    if (layerState._missionPanel || typeof document === 'undefined') return;
+    const host =
+      document.getElementById('space-mission-panel-host') ||
+      document.getElementById('right-context-rail');
+    if (!host) return;
+    layerState._missionRoster = document.getElementById('space-mission-roster');
+    if (layerState._missionRoster) {
+      layerState._missionRosterPreviewOwnership =
+        createMissionRosterPreviewOwnership({
+          preview: scheduleMissionRosterPreview,
+          clear: clearMissionRosterPreviewState,
+        });
+      layerState._missionRoster.onclick = (event) => {
+        const button =
+          event.target instanceof Element
+            ? event.target.closest('[data-mission-roster-index]')
+            : null;
+        if (!button) return;
+        selectMissionAt(Number(button.dataset.missionRosterIndex));
+      };
+    }
+    layerState._missionPanel = document.createElement('aside');
+    layerState._missionPanel.id = 'space-mission-panel';
+    layerState._missionPanel.className = 'context-space-mission-detail';
+    layerState._missionPanel.setAttribute(
+      'aria-label',
+      'Selected Space Mission',
+    );
+    layerState._missionPanel.innerHTML = `<div class="space-mission-view-header"><span>SELECTED SPACE MISSION</span><button type="button" data-mission-close title="Show all missions" aria-label="Deselect mission">×</button></div><div class="space-mission-detail"><strong data-mission-title>MISSION</strong><span data-mission-field data-mission-provider></span><span data-mission-field>STATUS · <b data-mission-status></b></span><span data-mission-field>LAUNCH SITE · <b data-mission-site></b></span><span data-mission-field>LAUNCH TIME · <b data-mission-time></b></span><span data-mission-field>ORBIT · <b data-mission-orbit></b></span><span>ASCENT PATH · <b data-mission-ascent-source></b></span><span data-mission-field>CURRENT DISTANCE FROM EARTH · <b data-mission-distance></b></span><span data-mission-field>SATELLITE SPEED · <b data-mission-speed></b></span></div><section class="mission-data-section"><h4>PAYLOAD</h4><div class="mission-table-scroll"><table class="mission-data-table"><thead><tr><th>NAME</th><th>TYPE</th><th>DESTINATION</th></tr></thead><tbody data-mission-payloads></tbody></table></div></section><section class="mission-data-section" data-mission-stages-section><h4>STAGE / RE-ENTRY / RECOVERY</h4><div class="mission-table-scroll"><table class="mission-data-table"><thead><tr><th>STAGE</th><th>STATUS</th><th>FINAL POSITION</th></tr></thead><tbody data-mission-stages></tbody></table></div></section><div class="mission-replay-speed-control"><div class="mission-replay-speed-header"><label for="space-mission-replay-speed">REPLAY SPEED</label><output class="gev-slider-value" for="space-mission-replay-speed" data-mission-replay-speed-output>1×</output></div><input id="space-mission-replay-speed" class="gev-quantitative-slider" type="range" min="0.25" max="4" step="0.25" value="1" data-mission-replay-speed aria-label="Replay speed multiplier"><div class="mission-replay-speed-scale" aria-hidden="true"><span>0.25×</span><span>1×</span><span>4×</span></div></div><div class="mission-action-row"><button type="button" class="mission-focus-button" data-mission-focus>FOCUS</button><button type="button" class="mission-replay-button" data-mission-replay aria-pressed="false">REPLAY ASCENT</button></div><div class="space-mission-nav"><button type="button" class="mission-nav-button" data-mission-prev title="Previous mission"><span aria-hidden="true">‹</span> PREV</button><span class="mission-nav-index" data-mission-index>—</span><button type="button" class="mission-nav-button" data-mission-next title="Next mission">NEXT <span aria-hidden="true">›</span></button></div><button type="button" class="panel-layer-toggle" data-mission-show-all>SHOW ALL / DESELECT</button>`;
+    layerState._missionPanel
+      .querySelector('.mission-action-row')
+      .insertAdjacentHTML(
+        'beforeend',
+        `<div class="mission-replay-transport" data-mission-replay-transport hidden>
+      <button type="button" data-mission-replay-toggle title="Pause replay" aria-label="Pause replay">Ⅱ</button>
+      <button type="button" class="cancel" data-mission-replay-cancel title="Cancel replay" aria-label="Cancel replay"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button>
+    </div>`,
+      );
+    host.appendChild(layerState._missionPanel);
+    layerState._missionPanel
+      .querySelector('[data-mission-prev]')
+      .addEventListener('click', () =>
+        selectMissionAt(
+          layerState._launches.findIndex(
+            (item) => item.id === layerState._selectedLaunchId,
+          ) - 1,
+        ),
+      );
+    layerState._missionPanel
+      .querySelector('[data-mission-next]')
+      .addEventListener('click', () =>
+        selectMissionAt(
+          layerState._launches.findIndex(
+            (item) => item.id === layerState._selectedLaunchId,
+          ) + 1,
+        ),
+      );
+    layerState._missionPanel
+      .querySelector('[data-mission-close]')
+      .addEventListener('click', () =>
+        parts.selection.setSelectedMission(null),
+      );
+    layerState._missionPanel
+      .querySelector('[data-mission-show-all]')
+      .addEventListener('click', () =>
+        parts.selection.setSelectedMission(null),
+      );
+    layerState._missionPanel
+      .querySelector('[data-mission-focus]')
+      .addEventListener('click', () => {
+        const launch = layerState._launches.find(
+          (item) => item.id === layerState._selectedLaunchId,
+        );
+        if (launch) parts.selection.focusLaunchSite(launch);
+      });
+    layerState._missionPanel
+      .querySelector('[data-mission-replay]')
+      .addEventListener('click', () => {
+        if (layerState._selectedLaunchId)
+          parts.replay.startMissionReplay(layerState._selectedLaunchId);
+      });
+    layerState._missionPanel
+      .querySelector('[data-mission-replay-toggle]')
+      .addEventListener('click', () => {
+        if (layerState._replayPaused) parts.replay.resumeMissionReplay();
+        else parts.replay.pauseMissionReplay();
+      });
+    layerState._missionPanel
+      .querySelector('[data-mission-replay-cancel]')
+      .addEventListener('click', parts.replay.stopMissionReplay);
+    layerState._missionPanel
+      .querySelector('[data-mission-replay-speed]')
+      .addEventListener('input', (event) => {
+        parts.replay.setReplaySpeed(event.currentTarget.value);
+      });
+    parts.replay.syncReplaySpeedControl();
+  }
+  return {
+    missionHoverPreviewRange,
+    createMissionRosterPreviewOwnership,
+    bindMissionRosterItemKeyboardPreview,
+    captureMissionRosterFocus,
+    restoreMissionRosterFocus,
+    resolveMissionRosterPreviewLaunch,
+    missionTableRows,
+    setMissionPanelField,
+    renderMissionPanel,
+    renderMissionRoster,
+    escapeMissionText,
+    updateMissionTelemetry,
+    selectMissionAt,
+    clearMissionRosterPreviewState,
+    clearMissionRosterHover,
+    scheduleMissionRosterPreview,
+    createMissionPanel,
+  };
+}

src/layers/launches/paths.js

@@ -0,0 +1,588 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import {
+  EARTH_ROTATION_RAD_PER_SEC,
+  PROJECTED_ASCENT_ROTATION_SEC,
+  STAGE_REENTRY_ALTITUDE_M,
+} from './policy.js';
+
+export function createPaths({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
+  function orbitInsertionOffsetSeconds(launch) {
+    const events = (launch.timeline || []).filter(
+      (event) =>
+        Number.isFinite(event.offsetSeconds) && event.offsetSeconds >= 0,
+    );
+    if (!events.length) return null;
+    const deployment = events.filter((event) =>
+      /deploy|payload separation|spacecraft separation|orbit insertion|injection/i.test(
+        event.name,
+      ),
+    );
+    if (deployment.length)
+      return Math.max(...deployment.map((event) => event.offsetSeconds));
+    const engineCutoff = events.filter((event) =>
+      /seco|second engine cutoff/i.test(event.name),
+    );
+    if (engineCutoff.length)
+      return Math.max(...engineCutoff.map((event) => event.offsetSeconds));
+    return Math.max(...events.map((event) => event.offsetSeconds));
+  }
+
+  function estimatedOrbitPeriodSeconds(orbitPath) {
+    if (!orbitPath?.length) return 5400;
+    const meanRadius =
+      orbitPath.reduce(
+        (total, point) => total + Cesium.Cartesian3.magnitude(point),
+        0,
+      ) / orbitPath.length;
+    return 2 * Math.PI * Math.sqrt(meanRadius ** 3 / 3.986004418e14);
+  }
+
+  function approximateOrbitPath(launch) {
+    if (
+      !launch.orbit?.name ||
+      !Number.isFinite(launch.lat) ||
+      !Number.isFinite(launch.lon)
+    )
+      return null;
+    const orbitName = launch.orbit.name.toLowerCase();
+    const altitude =
+      orbitName.includes('geostationary') || orbitName.includes('transfer')
+        ? 35786000
+        : orbitName.includes('medium')
+          ? 20200000
+          : 550000;
+    const radius = Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84.maximumRadius + altitude;
+    const longitude = Cesium.Math.toRadians(launch.lon);
+    const latitude = Cesium.Math.toRadians(launch.lat);
+    const up = new Cesium.Cartesian3(
+      Math.cos(latitude) * Math.cos(longitude),
+      Math.cos(latitude) * Math.sin(longitude),
+      Math.sin(latitude),
+    );
+    const east = new Cesium.Cartesian3(
+      -Math.sin(longitude),
+      Math.cos(longitude),
+      0,
+    );
+    const north = new Cesium.Cartesian3(
+      -Math.sin(latitude) * Math.cos(longitude),
+      -Math.sin(latitude) * Math.sin(longitude),
+      Math.cos(latitude),
+    );
+    const isPolar = orbitName.includes('polar') || orbitName.includes('sun');
+    const isWesternNorthAmerica =
+      launch.lat > 20 &&
+      launch.lat < 60 &&
+      launch.lon > -140 &&
+      launch.lon < -105;
+    const launchAzimuthDeg = isPolar
+      ? launch.lat >= 0
+        ? 180
+        : 0
+      : isWesternNorthAmerica
+        ? 190
+        : 90;
+    const launchAzimuth = Cesium.Math.toRadians(launchAzimuthDeg);
+    const forward = Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.add(
+        Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+          north,
+          Math.cos(launchAzimuth),
+          new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+        ),
+        Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+          east,
+          Math.sin(launchAzimuth),
+          new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+        ),
+        new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+      ),
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    // A reconstructed orbit is an estimate, not a claim that the vehicle was
+    // inserted directly above the pad. Offset the orbital plane downrange by a
+    // small launch-to-insertion arc so a top-down view does not draw the entire
+    // orbit on top of the launch site. The ascent still joins this ring at its
+    // propagated insertion reference.
+    const insertionArc = Cesium.Math.toRadians(isPolar ? 8 : 12);
+    const orbitAnchor = Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.add(
+        Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+          up,
+          Math.cos(insertionArc),
+          new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+        ),
+        Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+          forward,
+          Math.sin(insertionArc),
+          new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+        ),
+        new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+      ),
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    const planeNormal = Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.cross(orbitAnchor, forward, new Cesium.Cartesian3()),
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    const crossTrack = Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.cross(
+        planeNormal,
+        orbitAnchor,
+        new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+      ),
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    return Array.from({ length: 97 }, (_, index) => {
+      const angle = (index / 96) * Math.PI * 2;
+      return new Cesium.Cartesian3(
+        radius *
+          (Math.cos(angle) * orbitAnchor.x + Math.sin(angle) * crossTrack.x),
+        radius *
+          (Math.cos(angle) * orbitAnchor.y + Math.sin(angle) * crossTrack.y),
+        radius *
+          (Math.cos(angle) * orbitAnchor.z + Math.sin(angle) * crossTrack.z),
+      );
+    });
+  }
+
+  function samplePath(path, progress, result) {
+    if (!path?.length) return undefined;
+    // Degenerate returns clone into `result` when provided — handing back a
+    // path vertex would let an in-place caller mutate the path geometry.
+    if (path.length === 1)
+      return result ? Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(path[0], result) : path[0];
+    let distances = layerState._pathDistanceCache.get(path);
+    if (!distances) {
+      distances = new Float64Array(path.length);
+      for (let index = 1; index < path.length; index++) {
+        distances[index] =
+          distances[index - 1] +
+          Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(path[index - 1], path[index]);
+      }
+      layerState._pathDistanceCache.set(path, distances);
+    }
+    const totalDistance = distances.at(-1);
+    if (!(totalDistance > 0))
+      return result ? Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(path[0], result) : path[0];
+    const targetDistance = Cesium.Math.clamp(progress, 0, 1) * totalDistance;
+    let low = 1;
+    let high = distances.length - 1;
+    while (low < high) {
+      const middle = Math.floor((low + high) / 2);
+      if (distances[middle] < targetDistance) low = middle + 1;
+      else high = middle;
+    }
+    const index = Math.max(0, low - 1);
+    const segmentDistance = distances[index + 1] - distances[index];
+    const segmentProgress =
+      segmentDistance > 0
+        ? (targetDistance - distances[index]) / segmentDistance
+        : 0;
+    return Cesium.Cartesian3.lerp(
+      path[index],
+      path[index + 1],
+      segmentProgress,
+      result || new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve a continuously advancing orbit fraction from a wall-clock epoch.
+   * Fractional seconds prevent the selected satellite marker from jumping at
+   * each second boundary and forcing a one-frame photoreal globe LOD pulse.
+   * @param {number} nowMs Wall-clock epoch in milliseconds.
+   * @param {number} periodSec Orbital period in seconds.
+   * @returns {number} Normalized progress in the range [0, 1).
+   */
+
+  function orbitProgressAtTime(nowMs, periodSec) {
+    const period = Math.max(1, Number(periodSec) || 1);
+    return Cesium.Math.mod((Number(nowMs) || 0) / 1000, period) / period;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Construct one continuous estimated climb from the pad to orbit insertion.
+   * Horizontal movement begins much more slowly than altitude gain, preserving
+   * the near-vertical launch appearance without a hard corner at 120 km.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} launchPosition Launch-pad position.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} insertionPosition Orbit insertion position.
+   * @param {number} [samples] Number of curve intervals.
+   * @returns {Cesium.Cartesian3[]}
+   */
+
+  function reconstructedAscentPath(
+    launchPosition,
+    insertionPosition,
+    samples = 512,
+  ) {
+    const ellipsoid = Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84;
+    const origin = ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(launchPosition);
+    const insertion = ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(insertionPosition);
+    if (!origin || !insertion) return [launchPosition, insertionPosition];
+    const geodesic = new Cesium.EllipsoidGeodesic(
+      new Cesium.Cartographic(origin.longitude, origin.latitude),
+      new Cesium.Cartographic(insertion.longitude, insertion.latitude),
+      ellipsoid,
+    );
+    return Array.from({ length: samples + 1 }, (_, index) => {
+      const progress = index / samples;
+      if (index === 0) return launchPosition;
+      if (index === samples) return insertionPosition;
+      const horizontalProgress = progress ** 4;
+      const cartographic = geodesic.interpolateUsingFraction(
+        horizontalProgress,
+        new Cesium.Cartographic(),
+      );
+      // Approximate the inertial eastward lead accumulated during a ten-minute
+      // ascent. The p³ envelope keeps liftoff nearly vertical, peaks during the
+      // upper climb, and returns to the fixed insertion endpoint.
+      const rotationalLead =
+        EARTH_ROTATION_RAD_PER_SEC *
+        PROJECTED_ASCENT_ROTATION_SEC *
+        Math.sin(Math.PI * progress ** 3);
+      cartographic.longitude = Cesium.Math.negativePiToPi(
+        cartographic.longitude + rotationalLead,
+      );
+      cartographic.height = Cesium.Math.lerp(
+        Math.max(0, origin.height),
+        Math.max(0, insertion.height),
+        Math.sin(progress * Cesium.Math.PI_OVER_TWO),
+      );
+      return ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian(cartographic);
+    });
+  }
+
+  function nearestOrbitIndex(orbitPath, referencePosition) {
+    if (!orbitPath?.length || !referencePosition) return 0;
+    const referenceDirection = Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(
+      referencePosition,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    let bestIndex = 0;
+    let bestDot = -Number.MAX_VALUE;
+    orbitPath.forEach((candidate, index) => {
+      const direction = Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(
+        candidate,
+        new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+      );
+      const dot = Cesium.Cartesian3.dot(referenceDirection, direction);
+      if (dot > bestDot) {
+        bestDot = dot;
+        bestIndex = index;
+      }
+    });
+    return bestIndex;
+  }
+
+  function orbitPathFromInsertion(orbitPath, insertionIndex) {
+    if (!orbitPath?.length) return [];
+    const first = orbitPath[0];
+    const last = orbitPath.at(-1);
+    const isClosed =
+      orbitPath.length > 2 && Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(first, last) < 1000;
+    const core = isClosed ? orbitPath.slice(0, -1) : orbitPath.slice();
+    if (!core.length) return orbitPath.slice();
+    const index = Cesium.Math.mod(insertionIndex, core.length);
+    const rotated = [...core.slice(index), ...core.slice(0, index)];
+    rotated.push(rotated[0]);
+    return rotated;
+  }
+
+  function surfaceSafeSegment(startPosition, endPosition) {
+    const ellipsoid = Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84;
+    const start = ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(startPosition);
+    const end = ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(endPosition);
+    if (!start || !end) return [startPosition, endPosition];
+    const geodesic = new Cesium.EllipsoidGeodesic(
+      new Cesium.Cartographic(start.longitude, start.latitude),
+      new Cesium.Cartographic(end.longitude, end.latitude),
+      ellipsoid,
+    );
+    // Replay advances in real time across this path. Keep the geometry
+    // surface-safe, but give the animated marker and chase camera enough
+    // samples that they do not visibly pause at long segment boundaries.
+    const steps = Cesium.Math.clamp(
+      Math.ceil(geodesic.surfaceDistance / 75000),
+      2,
+      256,
+    );
+    const positions = [];
+    for (let index = 0; index <= steps; index++) {
+      const fraction = index / steps;
+      const eased = fraction * fraction * (3 - 2 * fraction);
+      const cartographic = geodesic.interpolateUsingFraction(
+        fraction,
+        new Cesium.Cartographic(),
+      );
+      cartographic.height = Cesium.Math.lerp(start.height, end.height, eased);
+      positions.push(ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian(cartographic));
+    }
+    positions[0] = startPosition;
+    positions[positions.length - 1] = endPosition;
+    return positions;
+  }
+
+  function surfaceSafePath(controlPositions) {
+    if (!controlPositions?.length) return [];
+    if (controlPositions.length === 1) return controlPositions.slice();
+    const path = [];
+    for (let index = 0; index < controlPositions.length - 1; index++) {
+      const segment = surfaceSafeSegment(
+        controlPositions[index],
+        controlPositions[index + 1],
+      );
+      path.push(...(index === 0 ? segment : segment.slice(1)));
+    }
+    return path;
+  }
+
+  function blendAscentIntoOrbitTangent(ascentPath, orbitPath, insertionIndex) {
+    if (!ascentPath?.length || ascentPath.length < 4 || !orbitPath?.length)
+      return ascentPath;
+    const ellipsoid = Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84;
+    const transferEnd = orbitPath[insertionIndex];
+    const nextOrbit = orbitPath[(insertionIndex + 1) % orbitPath.length];
+    const orbitTangent = Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(
+        nextOrbit,
+        transferEnd,
+        new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+      ),
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    if (
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.equalsEpsilon(
+        orbitTangent,
+        Cesium.Cartesian3.ZERO,
+        1e-8,
+      )
+    )
+      return ascentPath;
+
+    // Replace a substantial final section with one cubic Bézier transition.
+    // Matching both endpoint tangents avoids the short corrective hook produced
+    // by locally pulling only the last few ascent samples toward the orbit.
+    const blendCount = Math.min(52, ascentPath.length - 2);
+    const blendStart = ascentPath.length - 1 - blendCount;
+    const start = ascentPath[blendStart];
+    const previous = ascentPath[Math.max(0, blendStart - 1)];
+    const altitudeEnvelope = ascentPath
+      .slice(blendStart)
+      .map((position) =>
+        Math.max(0, ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(position)?.height || 0),
+      );
+    const ascentTangent = Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(start, previous, new Cesium.Cartesian3()),
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    const chordLength = Math.max(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(start, transferEnd),
+      1000,
+    );
+    const handleLength = chordLength * 0.28;
+    const controlA = Cesium.Cartesian3.add(
+      start,
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+        ascentTangent,
+        handleLength,
+        new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+      ),
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    const controlB = Cesium.Cartesian3.add(
+      transferEnd,
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+        orbitTangent,
+        -handleLength,
+        new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+      ),
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    for (let index = 0; index <= blendCount; index++) {
+      const progress = index / blendCount;
+      const inverse = 1 - progress;
+      const point = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(start, inverse ** 3, point);
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.add(
+        point,
+        Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+          controlA,
+          3 * inverse ** 2 * progress,
+          new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+        ),
+        point,
+      );
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.add(
+        point,
+        Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+          controlB,
+          3 * inverse * progress ** 2,
+          new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+        ),
+        point,
+      );
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.add(
+        point,
+        Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+          transferEnd,
+          progress ** 3,
+          new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+        ),
+        point,
+      );
+      // A Cartesian Bézier is a chord in world space and can pass through the
+      // ellipsoid when its orbit-tangent handle is long. Preserve the original
+      // climb's smooth altitude envelope while retaining the Bézier's horizontal
+      // curvature and tangent-aligned insertion.
+      const cartographic = ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(point);
+      const minimumHeight = altitudeEnvelope[index] ?? 0;
+      if (cartographic && cartographic.height < minimumHeight) {
+        cartographic.height = minimumHeight;
+        ascentPath[blendStart + index] =
+          ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian(cartographic);
+      } else {
+        ascentPath[blendStart + index] = point;
+      }
+    }
+    ascentPath[ascentPath.length - 1] = transferEnd;
+    return ascentPath;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Build a globe-safe ascent ending at the nearest point on the selected orbit.
+   * The returned orbit is rotated to begin at that same insertion point so the
+   * animated marker cannot jump between ascent and orbital phases.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} launchPosition Launch-site position.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3[]} trajectoryPositions Optional upstream stage fixes.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3[]} orbitPath Selected satellite or estimated orbit.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3|null} [insertionReference] Propagated or estimated insertion position.
+   * @returns {{ascentPath: Cesium.Cartesian3[], animatedOrbitPath: Cesium.Cartesian3[], insertionIndex: number}}
+   */
+
+  function buildMissionPaths(
+    launchPosition,
+    trajectoryPositions,
+    orbitPath,
+    insertionReference = null,
+  ) {
+    const suppliedTrajectory = trajectoryPositions || [];
+    const controls = [launchPosition, ...suppliedTrajectory];
+    const insertionIndex = nearestOrbitIndex(
+      orbitPath,
+      insertionReference || controls.at(-1),
+    );
+    const transferEnd = orbitPath[insertionIndex];
+    const ascentPath = suppliedTrajectory.length
+      ? surfaceSafePath([...controls, transferEnd])
+      : reconstructedAscentPath(launchPosition, transferEnd);
+    blendAscentIntoOrbitTangent(ascentPath, orbitPath, insertionIndex);
+    return {
+      ascentPath,
+      animatedOrbitPath: orbitPathFromInsertion(orbitPath, insertionIndex),
+      insertionIndex,
+    };
+  }
+
+  function landingEndpoint(stage, launch, insertionPosition) {
+    if (Number.isFinite(stage.lat) && Number.isFinite(stage.lon)) {
+      return { lat: stage.lat, lon: stage.lon, accuracy: 'CONFIRMED' };
+    }
+    const recoveryIdentity =
+      `${stage.recoveryType || ''} ${stage.destination || ''}`.toLowerCase();
+    if (
+      /return to launch site|rtls|launch site|landing zone/.test(
+        recoveryIdentity,
+      )
+    ) {
+      return { lat: launch.lat, lon: launch.lon, accuracy: 'PAD / RTLS' };
+    }
+    if (!(stage.downrangeKm > 0) || !insertionPosition) return null;
+    const ellipsoid = Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84;
+    const start = Cesium.Cartographic.fromDegrees(launch.lon, launch.lat);
+    const insertion = ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(insertionPosition);
+    if (!insertion) return null;
+    const geodesic = new Cesium.EllipsoidGeodesic(start, insertion, ellipsoid);
+    const bearing = geodesic.startHeading;
+    const angularDistance =
+      (stage.downrangeKm * 1000) / ellipsoid.maximumRadius;
+    const lat1 = start.latitude;
+    const lon1 = start.longitude;
+    const lat = Math.asin(
+      Math.sin(lat1) * Math.cos(angularDistance) +
+        Math.cos(lat1) * Math.sin(angularDistance) * Math.cos(bearing),
+    );
+    const lon =
+      lon1 +
+      Math.atan2(
+        Math.sin(bearing) * Math.sin(angularDistance) * Math.cos(lat1),
+        Math.cos(angularDistance) - Math.sin(lat1) * Math.sin(lat),
+      );
+    return {
+      lat: Cesium.Math.toDegrees(lat),
+      lon: Cesium.Math.toDegrees(Cesium.Math.negativePiToPi(lon)),
+      accuracy: 'EST. DOWNRANGE',
+    };
+  }
+
+  function stageReentryRecoveryPath(
+    ascentPath,
+    endpoint,
+    stageIndex,
+    stageCount,
+  ) {
+    if (!ascentPath?.length || !endpoint) return [];
+    const progress = Cesium.Math.clamp(
+      0.28 + (stageIndex / Math.max(stageCount, 1)) * 0.34,
+      0.28,
+      0.68,
+    );
+    const separation = samplePath(ascentPath, progress);
+    const destination = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+      endpoint.lon,
+      endpoint.lat,
+      12,
+    );
+    return surfaceSafeSegment(separation, destination);
+  }
+
+  function atmosphericReentryIndex(path) {
+    if (!path?.length) return 0;
+    const ellipsoid = Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84;
+    for (let index = 1; index < path.length; index++) {
+      const previousHeight = ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(
+        path[index - 1],
+      )?.height;
+      const height = ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(path[index])?.height;
+      if (
+        Number.isFinite(previousHeight) &&
+        Number.isFinite(height) &&
+        previousHeight > STAGE_REENTRY_ALTITUDE_M &&
+        height <= STAGE_REENTRY_ALTITUDE_M
+      ) {
+        return index;
+      }
+    }
+    return Math.min(
+      Math.max(Math.round(path.length * 0.55), 0),
+      path.length - 1,
+    );
+  }
+  return {
+    orbitInsertionOffsetSeconds,
+    estimatedOrbitPeriodSeconds,
+    approximateOrbitPath,
+    samplePath,
+    orbitProgressAtTime,
+    reconstructedAscentPath,
+    nearestOrbitIndex,
+    orbitPathFromInsertion,
+    surfaceSafeSegment,
+    surfaceSafePath,
+    blendAscentIntoOrbitTangent,
+    buildMissionPaths,
+    landingEndpoint,
+    stageReentryRecoveryPath,
+    atmosphericReentryIndex,
+  };
+}

src/layers/launches/policy.js

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+
+export const WINDOW_DAYS = 30;
+
+export const ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID = 'rocket-missions';
+
+export const ROCKET_MISSION_SELECTED_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID =
+  'rocket-mission-selected';
+
+export const ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_COHORT_LIMIT = 48;
+
+export const ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_COLLISION_CAPACITY = 24;
+
+export const ROCKET_MISSION_SELECTED_OVERLAY_SOURCE_OPTIONS = Object.freeze({
+  cohortLimit: 12,
+  collisionCapacity: 0,
+  moving: true,
+  solveIntervalMs: 0,
+});
+
+export const ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_SOURCE_OPTIONS = Object.freeze({
+  cohortLimit: ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_COHORT_LIMIT,
+  collisionCapacity: ROCKET_MISSION_AMBIENT_OVERLAY_COLLISION_CAPACITY,
+  moving: false,
+});
+
+export const REPLAY_ASCENT_FALLBACK_SEC = 12;
+
+export const REPLAY_ASCENT_MIN_SEC = 8;
+
+export const REPLAY_ASCENT_MAX_SEC = 36;
+
+export const REPLAY_ORBIT_DURATION_SEC = 28;
+
+export const REPLAY_COUNTDOWN_DURATION_SEC = 10;
+
+export const REPLAY_TILE_SETTLE_DELAY_SEC = 5;
+
+export const REPLAY_INITIAL_RANGE_M = 3500;
+
+export const REPLAY_LOCAL_MAX_RANGE_M = 900000;
+
+export const REPLAY_CONTEXT_MAX_RANGE_M = 2400000;
+
+export const REPLAY_CONTEXT_ALTITUDE_END_M = 420000;
+
+export const REPLAY_ORBIT_GLOBE_RANGE_M = 18000000;
+
+export const REPLAY_ORBIT_PULLBACK_FRACTION = 0.2;
+
+export const REPLAY_ASCENT_CAMERA_OFFSET_RAD = Cesium.Math.toRadians(30);
+
+export const REPLAY_ORBIT_CAMERA_OFFSET_RAD = Cesium.Math.toRadians(45);
+
+export const REPLAY_ORBIT_FRAME_CENTER_BLEND = 0.45;
+
+export const REPLAY_SPEED_MIN = 0.25;
+
+export const REPLAY_SPEED_MAX = 4;
+
+export const REPLAY_SPEED_STEP = 0.25;
+
+export const MAX_POST_TLE_RETRIES = 1;
+
+export const POST_TLE_RETRY_DELAY_MS = 1500;
+
+export const EARTH_ROTATION_RAD_PER_SEC = Cesium.Math.TWO_PI / 86164.0905;
+
+export const PROJECTED_ASCENT_ROTATION_SEC = 600;
+
+export const STAGE_REENTRY_ALTITUDE_M = 100000;
+
+export const MISSION_CLOSE_VIEW_RANGE_M = 180000;
+
+export const MISSION_GLOBE_VIEW_RANGE_M = 5000000;
+
+export const MISSION_FOCUS_RANGE_M = 12000;
+
+export const SATELLITE_STANDALONE_DEFAULTS = {
+  catalog: 'core',
+  showPoints: true,
+  showOrbits: true,
+};
+
+export const MISSION_ORBIT_PATTERN_GROUPS = 4;
+
+export const MISSION_ORBIT_DASHES_PER_GROUP = 100;
+
+export const LAUNCH_PAD_ZONE_RADIUS_M = 500;
+
+export const LAUNCH_PAD_ZONE_MAX_CAMERA_HEIGHT_M = 120000;
+
+export const LAUNCH_PAD_ZONE_MAX_CAMERA_DISTANCE_M = 180000;
+
+export const TRAJECTORY_STAGE_COLORS = [
+  '#ff9f43',
+  '#ff66c4',
+  '#a78bfa',
+  '#7bed9f',
+  '#ffd166',
+  '#60a5fa',
+];

src/layers/launches/policyHelpers.js

@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import {
+  SATELLITE_STANDALONE_DEFAULTS,
+  LAUNCH_PAD_ZONE_MAX_CAMERA_HEIGHT_M,
+  LAUNCH_PAD_ZONE_MAX_CAMERA_DISTANCE_M,
+} from './policy.js';
+
+export function createPolicyHelpers({
+  state: layerState,
+  services,
+  parts,
+  source,
+}) {
+  /**
+   * Derive the temporary Satellite display mode required by Space Missions.
+   * @param {object|null} currentParams Complete pre-mission Satellite parameters.
+   * @returns {object} Temporary mission-specific Satellite parameters.
+   */
+
+  function satelliteParamsForSpaceMissions(currentParams) {
+    return {
+      ...SATELLITE_STANDALONE_DEFAULTS,
+      ...(currentParams || {}),
+      catalog: 'dense',
+      showPoints: false,
+      showOrbits: false,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve the complete Satellite parameter set restored after mission mode.
+   * @param {object|null} snapshot Complete pre-mission Satellite parameters.
+   * @returns {object} Standalone Satellite parameters.
+   */
+
+  function satelliteParamsAfterSpaceMissions(snapshot) {
+    return {
+      ...SATELLITE_STANDALONE_DEFAULTS,
+      ...(snapshot || {}),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Failed launch records may retain a planned orbit in Launch Library, but
+   * must not be represented as a live or estimated payload in orbit.
+   * @param {string|null} status Normalized Launch Library status name.
+   * @returns {boolean} Whether orbital visualization is allowed.
+   */
+
+  function launchStatusAllowsOrbit(status) {
+    return !/\b(?:fail(?:ed|ure)?|partial failure)\b/i.test(
+      String(status || ''),
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Describe only the mission paths that the selected record can actually show.
+   * Launch Library may retain a target orbit after a failure, but that target is
+   * not evidence of orbital insertion and cannot support a reconstructed replay.
+   * @param {object|null} launch Normalized launch record.
+   * @param {boolean} replayAvailable Whether a rendered ascent/orbit track exists.
+   * @returns {{orbit: string|null, ascent: string, replayAvailable: boolean}}
+   */
+
+  function missionPathPresentation(launch, replayAvailable = false) {
+    const orbitName =
+      launch?.orbit?.name ||
+      (typeof launch?.orbit === 'string' ? launch.orbit : null);
+    const orbitAllowed = launchStatusAllowsOrbit(launch?.status);
+    const suppliedTrajectoryPoints = Array.isArray(launch?.trajectory)
+      ? launch.trajectory.filter(
+          (point) =>
+            Number.isFinite(Number(point?.latitude)) &&
+            Number.isFinite(Number(point?.longitude)),
+        ).length
+      : 0;
+    return {
+      orbit: orbitName
+        ? `${orbitAllowed ? '' : 'PLANNED · '}${orbitName}`
+        : null,
+      ascent:
+        suppliedTrajectoryPoints > 1
+          ? 'SUPPLIED TRAJECTORY POINTS'
+          : replayAvailable
+            ? 'RECONSTRUCTED ESTIMATE'
+            : 'UNAVAILABLE',
+      replayAvailable: Boolean(replayAvailable),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Release aircraft follow state through each owning flight layer before a
+   * mission replay takes over the camera.
+   * @param {object|null} dataManager DataLayerManager instance.
+   * @returns {number} Number of owner APIs invoked.
+   */
+
+  function releaseAircraftTracking(dataManager) {
+    let released = 0;
+    for (const layerId of ['flights', 'military']) {
+      const module = dataManager?.layers?.get(layerId)?.module;
+      if (typeof module?.stopTracking !== 'function') continue;
+      module.stopTracking();
+      released++;
+    }
+    return released;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Decide whether the selected launch-pad zone belongs in the current view.
+   * Both altitude and direct camera range are bounded so an oblique close-up can
+   * show the effect without leaking it into regional or globe views.
+   * @param {object} input Visibility inputs.
+   * @param {boolean} input.layerActive Whether Space Missions is active.
+   * @param {string|null} input.selectedLaunchId Selected mission identifier.
+   * @param {string} input.launchId Candidate mission identifier.
+   * @param {number} input.cameraHeightM Camera height above the ellipsoid.
+   * @param {number} input.cameraDistanceM Direct camera range to the launch pad.
+   * @returns {boolean}
+   */
+
+  function launchPadZoneVisible({
+    layerActive,
+    selectedLaunchId,
+    launchId,
+    cameraHeightM,
+    cameraDistanceM,
+  }) {
+    return Boolean(
+      layerActive &&
+      selectedLaunchId &&
+      selectedLaunchId === launchId &&
+      Number.isFinite(cameraHeightM) &&
+      cameraHeightM <= LAUNCH_PAD_ZONE_MAX_CAMERA_HEIGHT_M &&
+      Number.isFinite(cameraDistanceM) &&
+      cameraDistanceM <= LAUNCH_PAD_ZONE_MAX_CAMERA_DISTANCE_M,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Score the amount of useful mission context available for roster triage.
+   * @param {object} launch Normalized launch record.
+   * @returns {number} Completeness score.
+   */
+
+  function missionDataCompleteness(launch = {}) {
+    let score = 0;
+    const present = (value) =>
+      value !== null && value !== undefined && value !== '';
+    score += present(launch.provider) ? 1 : 0;
+    score += present(launch.mission) ? 2 : 0;
+    score += present(launch.missionName) ? 1 : 0;
+    score += present(launch.orbit?.name || launch.orbit) ? 2 : 0;
+    score += Array.isArray(launch.payloads)
+      ? Math.min(launch.payloads.length, 5) * 2
+      : 0;
+    score += Array.isArray(launch.recoveryStages)
+      ? Math.min(launch.recoveryStages.length, 4) * 2
+      : 0;
+    score += Array.isArray(launch.trajectory)
+      ? Math.min(launch.trajectory.length, 12)
+      : 0;
+    score += Array.isArray(launch.timeline)
+      ? Math.min(launch.timeline.length, 6)
+      : 0;
+    return score;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Build a data-rich roster while preserving the source-array index
+   * used by mission selection and Previous/Next navigation.
+   * @param {Array<object>} launches Normalized launch records.
+   * @returns {Array<{launch: object, index: number}>}
+   */
+
+  function missionRosterEntries(launches) {
+    return (launches || [])
+      .map((launch, index) => ({ launch, index }))
+      .sort((a, b) => {
+        const completeness =
+          missionDataCompleteness(b.launch) - missionDataCompleteness(a.launch);
+        if (completeness !== 0) return completeness;
+        const aTime = Date.parse(a.launch?.launchTime);
+        const bTime = Date.parse(b.launch?.launchTime);
+        if (Number.isFinite(aTime) && Number.isFinite(bTime) && aTime !== bTime)
+          return bTime - aTime;
+        return b.index - a.index;
+      });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Format a mission epoch for compact on-globe replay labels.
+   * @param {string|Date|null} launchTime ISO-8601 mission time or Date.
+   * @returns {string} UTC timestamp or a clear unavailable state.
+   */
+
+  function formatMissionEventTime(launchTime) {
+    const date = new Date(launchTime);
+    if (!launchTime || !Number.isFinite(date.getTime())) return 'UNAVAILABLE';
+    return `${date.toISOString().slice(0, 10)}\n${date.toISOString().slice(11, 19)} UTC`;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse the ISO-8601 durations supplied by Launch Library timeline events.
+   * @param {string|null} value ISO duration such as PT8M40S or -PT35M.
+   * @returns {number|null} Signed duration in seconds.
+   */
+
+  function parseMissionDurationSeconds(value) {
+    const match = String(value || '')
+      .trim()
+      .match(
+        /^(-)?P(?:(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)D)?(?:T(?:(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)H)?(?:(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)M)?(?:(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)S)?)?$/,
+      );
+    if (!match) return null;
+    const seconds =
+      Number(match[2] || 0) * 86400 +
+      Number(match[3] || 0) * 3600 +
+      Number(match[4] || 0) * 60 +
+      Number(match[5] || 0);
+    return match[1] ? -seconds : seconds;
+  }
+
+  function previewMissionFromRoster(launch) {
+    if (!layerState._viewer || !launch || layerState._selectedLaunchId) return;
+    const range = parts.panel.missionHoverPreviewRange(
+      layerState._viewer.camera.positionCartographic?.height,
+    );
+    const position = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(launch.lon, launch.lat);
+    layerState._viewer.camera.flyToBoundingSphere(
+      new Cesium.BoundingSphere(position, 0),
+      {
+        offset: new Cesium.HeadingPitchRange(
+          0,
+          -Cesium.Math.PI_OVER_TWO,
+          range,
+        ),
+        duration: 0.8,
+        easingFunction: Cesium.EasingFunction.CUBIC_IN_OUT,
+      },
+    );
+  }
+  return {
+    satelliteParamsForSpaceMissions,
+    satelliteParamsAfterSpaceMissions,
+    launchStatusAllowsOrbit,
+    missionPathPresentation,
+    releaseAircraftTracking,
+    launchPadZoneVisible,
+    missionDataCompleteness,
+    missionRosterEntries,
+    formatMissionEventTime,
+    parseMissionDurationSeconds,
+    previewMissionFromRoster,
+  };
+}

src/layers/launches/rendering.js

@@ -0,0 +1,573 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import {
+  TRAJECTORY_STAGE_COLORS,
+  REPLAY_ORBIT_DURATION_SEC,
+  REPLAY_TILE_SETTLE_DELAY_SEC,
+  STAGE_REENTRY_ALTITUDE_M,
+} from './policy.js';
+
+export function createRendering({
+  state: layerState,
+  services,
+  parts,
+  source,
+}) {
+  const { getSatelliteOrbitTrack, findSatelliteOrbitTrackInTle } =
+    services.satellites;
+
+  function setGraphicVisibility(graphic, visible, time) {
+    if (!graphic) return;
+    const next = Boolean(visible);
+    const current = graphic.show?.getValue?.(time);
+    if (current !== next) graphic.show = next;
+  }
+
+  function updateMissionFrame() {
+    if (
+      !layerState._enabled ||
+      !layerState._viewer ||
+      !layerState._dataSource?.show
+    ) {
+      parts.overlays.hideReplayVehicleOverlay();
+      return;
+    }
+    parts.panel.updateMissionTelemetry();
+    const time = Cesium.JulianDate.now(layerState._declutterTime);
+    layerState._declutterOccluder.cameraPosition =
+      layerState._viewer.scene.camera.positionWC;
+    parts.overlays.updateReplayVehicleOverlay(layerState._declutterOccluder);
+    parts.overlays.refreshSelectedMissionOverlayText();
+    for (const entity of layerState._dataSource.entities.values) {
+      if (!entity.show) continue;
+      if (!entity.position) continue;
+      const id = parts.selection.entityLaunchId(entity);
+      if (!id) continue;
+      const position = entity.position.getValue(time);
+      let horizonVisible = Boolean(
+        position && layerState._declutterOccluder.isPointVisible(position),
+      );
+      const launchAnchor = entity.id.startsWith('rocket-launch:');
+      if (launchAnchor) {
+        horizonVisible = parts.overlays.missionAnchorVisible(
+          layerState._viewer.scene.camera.positionWC,
+          position,
+          id,
+          layerState._selectedLaunchId,
+        );
+        // Keep entity.show reserved for mission-selection isolation. Horizon
+        // state is applied to the individual graphics below so a rear-side
+        // anchor remains eligible for reevaluation as the camera moves.
+      }
+      if (entity.point) {
+        setGraphicVisibility(entity.point, horizonVisible, time);
+      }
+      if (launchAnchor && entity.billboard) {
+        setGraphicVisibility(
+          entity.billboard,
+          horizonVisible && id === layerState._hoveredRosterLaunchId,
+          time,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function addLaunchEntity(launch, activeTleText = layerState._activeTleText) {
+    const position = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(launch.lon, launch.lat);
+    const overlayRecord = {
+      launch,
+      anchorPosition: position,
+      elementEntryFactories: [],
+      liveEventTime: null,
+    };
+    layerState._missionOverlayRecords.set(launch.id, overlayRecord);
+    const orbitAllowed = parts.policyHelpers.launchStatusAllowsOrbit(
+      launch.status,
+    );
+    const coreTrack =
+      orbitAllowed && launch.satelliteQuery
+        ? getSatelliteOrbitTrack(launch.satelliteQuery, {
+            launchTime: launch.launchTime,
+          })
+        : null;
+    const satelliteTrack =
+      coreTrack ||
+      (orbitAllowed && activeTleText && launch.satelliteQuery
+        ? findSatelliteOrbitTrackInTle(activeTleText, launch.satelliteQuery, {
+            launchTime: launch.launchTime,
+          })
+        : null);
+    const orbitPath = !orbitAllowed
+      ? null
+      : satelliteTrack?.orbitPath?.length > 1
+        ? satelliteTrack.orbitPath
+        : parts.paths.approximateOrbitPath(launch);
+    launch.recoveryStages.forEach((stage) => {
+      stage.endpoint = parts.paths.landingEndpoint(
+        stage,
+        launch,
+        orbitPath?.[0] || null,
+      );
+    });
+    if (satelliteTrack) layerState._orbitMatches++;
+    const entity = layerState._dataSource.entities.add({
+      id: `rocket-launch:${launch.id}`,
+      position,
+      point: {
+        pixelSize: 5,
+        color: parts.model.missionMarkerColor(launch),
+        outlineColor: parts.model.missionMarkerColor(launch),
+        outlineWidth: 0,
+        disableDepthTestDistance: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+      },
+      billboard: {
+        image: parts.overlays.missionHoverReticleImage(),
+        width: 24,
+        height: 24,
+        show: false,
+        horizontalOrigin: Cesium.HorizontalOrigin.CENTER,
+        verticalOrigin: Cesium.VerticalOrigin.CENTER,
+        disableDepthTestDistance: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+      },
+      properties: {
+        launchId: launch.id,
+        launchName: launch.name,
+        launchTime: launch.launchTime,
+        launchSite: launch.launchSite,
+        provider: launch.provider,
+        mission: launch.mission,
+        status: launch.status,
+        source: launch.source,
+        orbit: JSON.stringify(launch.orbit || {}),
+        satelliteName: satelliteTrack?.name || '',
+        noradId: satelliteTrack?.noradId || '',
+      },
+    });
+    const points = launch.trajectory
+      .filter(
+        (point) =>
+          Number.isFinite(Number(point.latitude)) &&
+          Number.isFinite(Number(point.longitude)),
+      )
+      .map((point) => ({
+        stage: String(
+          point.stage ||
+            point.stage_name ||
+            point.phase ||
+            point.stageName ||
+            'trajectory',
+        ),
+        position: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+          Number(point.longitude),
+          Number(point.latitude),
+          Number(point.altitude || 0),
+        ),
+      }));
+    if (points.length > 1) {
+      const segments = [];
+      points.forEach((point) => {
+        const previous = segments.at(-1);
+        if (!previous || previous.stage !== point.stage)
+          segments.push({ stage: point.stage, positions: [] });
+        segments.at(-1).positions.push(point.position);
+      });
+      segments.forEach((segment, index) => {
+        if (segment.positions.length < 2) return;
+        layerState._dataSource.entities.add({
+          id: `rocket-trajectory:${launch.id}:${index}`,
+          polyline: {
+            positions: parts.paths.surfaceSafePath(segment.positions),
+            width: 2,
+            material: Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString(
+              TRAJECTORY_STAGE_COLORS[index % TRAJECTORY_STAGE_COLORS.length],
+            ).withAlpha(0.8),
+            clampToGround: false,
+            arcType: Cesium.ArcType.NONE,
+          },
+          properties: {
+            launchId: launch.id,
+            stage: segment.stage,
+            source: launch.source,
+          },
+        });
+      });
+    }
+    if (orbitPath?.length > 1) {
+      const orbitCurrent = satelliteTrack?.current || {
+        longitude: launch.lon,
+        latitude: launch.lat,
+        altitude: 0,
+      };
+      const orbitPeriodSec =
+        satelliteTrack?.periodSec ||
+        parts.paths.estimatedOrbitPeriodSeconds(orbitPath);
+      const launchEpochMs = Date.parse(launch.launchTime);
+      const disclosedInsertionOffsetSec =
+        parts.paths.orbitInsertionOffsetSeconds(launch);
+      const insertionDurationSec = Number.isFinite(disclosedInsertionOffsetSec)
+        ? Math.max(0, disclosedInsertionOffsetSec)
+        : 600;
+      const insertionEpochMs = Number.isFinite(launchEpochMs)
+        ? launchEpochMs + insertionDurationSec * 1000
+        : Number.NaN;
+      let insertionReference = points.at(-1)?.position || null;
+      if (
+        !insertionReference &&
+        satelliteTrack?.positionAt &&
+        Number.isFinite(insertionEpochMs)
+      ) {
+        const propagatedInsertion = satelliteTrack.positionAt(
+          new Date(insertionEpochMs),
+        );
+        if (propagatedInsertion) {
+          insertionReference = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+            propagatedInsertion.longitude,
+            propagatedInsertion.latitude,
+            propagatedInsertion.altitude,
+          );
+        }
+      }
+      if (!insertionReference && !satelliteTrack) {
+        // A projected orbit has no authoritative historical phase. Start its
+        // plane over the launch site, advance only by the estimated powered
+        // ascent duration, and join the forward orbit tangent. Using the UTC
+        // epoch as phase sent some ascents toward the far side of Earth and
+        // forced a visible 180-degree corrective hook before insertion.
+        const insertionProgress = Cesium.Math.clamp(
+          insertionDurationSec / orbitPeriodSec,
+          1 / 96,
+          0.16,
+        );
+        insertionReference = parts.paths.samplePath(
+          orbitPath,
+          insertionProgress,
+        );
+      }
+      const { ascentPath, animatedOrbitPath } = parts.paths.buildMissionPaths(
+        position,
+        points.map((point) => point.position),
+        orbitPath,
+        insertionReference,
+      );
+      const ascentDurationSec = parts.replay.replayAscentDurationSeconds(
+        launch,
+        ascentPath,
+      );
+      // Cesium can evaluate CallbackProperty values multiple times while it
+      // traverses one frame. Camera tracking and the HTML replay overlay must
+      // use the exact same replay epoch as those callbacks; sampling Date.now()
+      // independently made the vehicle advance relative to the camera and then
+      // snap back on the next frame.
+      let replayStateForFrame = null;
+      const sampleReplayState = () =>
+        parts.replay.replayState(
+          launch,
+          layerState._animationStarts.get(launch.id) || Date.now(),
+          ascentDurationSec,
+          REPLAY_ORBIT_DURATION_SEC,
+          orbitPeriodSec,
+          layerState._replaySpeed,
+          parts.replay.replayClockNow(launch.id),
+          REPLAY_TILE_SETTLE_DELAY_SEC,
+          layerState._replayCameraLaunchId !== launch.id,
+        );
+      // preUpdate runs before Cesium evaluates entity CallbackProperties. Seed
+      // one state there and retain it through postRender so every consumer in
+      // that traversal sees the same timestamp. scene.frameState.frameNumber is
+      // advanced between some of those phases, so it is not a reliable cache key.
+      const beginReplayFrame = () => {
+        replayStateForFrame = sampleReplayState();
+        return replayStateForFrame;
+      };
+      const getReplayState = () => {
+        if (!replayStateForFrame) {
+          replayStateForFrame = sampleReplayState();
+        }
+        return replayStateForFrame;
+      };
+      launch.recoveryStages.forEach((stage, stageIndex) => {
+        stage.endpoint = parts.paths.landingEndpoint(
+          stage,
+          launch,
+          ascentPath.at(-1),
+        );
+        const path = parts.paths.stageReentryRecoveryPath(
+          ascentPath,
+          stage.endpoint,
+          stageIndex,
+          launch.recoveryStages.length,
+        );
+        if (path.length < 2) return;
+        const reentryIndex = parts.paths.atmosphericReentryIndex(path);
+        const reentryPath = path.slice(reentryIndex);
+        const color = Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString(
+          TRAJECTORY_STAGE_COLORS[
+            (stageIndex + 1) % TRAJECTORY_STAGE_COLORS.length
+          ],
+        );
+        layerState._dataSource.entities.add({
+          id: `rocket-reentry-recovery:${launch.id}:${stageIndex}`,
+          polyline: {
+            positions: path,
+            width: 2,
+            material: new Cesium.PolylineDashMaterialProperty({
+              color: color.withAlpha(0.82),
+              dashLength: 12,
+              dashPattern: 0xaaaa,
+            }),
+            arcType: Cesium.ArcType.NONE,
+          },
+          properties: {
+            launchId: launch.id,
+            stageId: stage.id,
+            phase: 'STAGE_REENTRY_RECOVERY',
+            accuracy: stage.endpoint.accuracy,
+            source: launch.source,
+          },
+        });
+        if (reentryPath.length > 1) {
+          layerState._dataSource.entities.add({
+            id: `rocket-reentry:${launch.id}:${stageIndex}`,
+            polyline: {
+              positions: reentryPath,
+              width: 2.5,
+              material: new Cesium.PolylineDashMaterialProperty({
+                color:
+                  Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString('#ffd166').withAlpha(0.9),
+                dashLength: 8,
+                dashPattern: 0xf0f0,
+              }),
+              arcType: Cesium.ArcType.NONE,
+            },
+            properties: {
+              launchId: launch.id,
+              stageId: stage.id,
+              phase: 'ATMOSPHERIC_REENTRY',
+              altitudeM: STAGE_REENTRY_ALTITUDE_M,
+              source: 'Estimated 100 km atmospheric interface',
+            },
+          });
+          const reentryPosition = path[reentryIndex];
+          overlayRecord.elementEntryFactories.push(() =>
+            parts.overlays.createRocketMissionElementOverlayEntry({
+              id: `reentry:${launch.id}:${stageIndex}`,
+              position: reentryPosition,
+              text: 'STAGE RE-ENTRY',
+              accent: '#ffd166',
+              priority: 700_000 - stageIndex,
+              gapPx: 8,
+            }),
+          );
+        }
+        layerState._dataSource.entities.add({
+          id: `rocket-recovery-end:${launch.id}:${stageIndex}`,
+          position: path.at(-1),
+          point: {
+            pixelSize: 4,
+            color,
+            outlineWidth: 0,
+            disableDepthTestDistance: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+          },
+          properties: {
+            launchId: launch.id,
+            stageId: stage.id,
+            phase: 'RECOVERY_ENDPOINT',
+            source: launch.source,
+          },
+        });
+      });
+      layerState._replayTracks.set(launch.id, {
+        ascentPath,
+        animatedOrbitPath,
+        orbitFrameSphere:
+          parts.camera.replayOrbitFrameSphere(animatedOrbitPath),
+        ascentDurationSec,
+        beginReplayFrame,
+        getReplayState,
+        lastCameraHeading: Math.PI,
+        orbitCameraWorldFrame: false,
+        lastVehicleRotation: 0,
+        lastOverlayWindowPosition: null,
+        lastOverlayMode: null,
+      });
+      let livePosition = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+        orbitCurrent.longitude,
+        orbitCurrent.latitude,
+        orbitCurrent.altitude,
+      );
+      const liveTime = new Date();
+      const liveTelemetry = { speedMps: null };
+      layerState._satelliteTelemetry.set(launch.id, liveTelemetry);
+      let liveFrameNumber = -1;
+      const fallbackPeriodSec =
+        parts.paths.estimatedOrbitPeriodSeconds(orbitPath);
+      const updateLiveState = () => {
+        const frameNumber =
+          layerState._viewer?.scene?.frameState?.frameNumber ?? -1;
+        if (frameNumber !== -1 && frameNumber === liveFrameNumber) return;
+        liveFrameNumber = frameNumber;
+        const nowMs = Date.now();
+        liveTime.setTime(nowMs);
+        if (satelliteTrack) {
+          const propagated =
+            satelliteTrack.positionAt?.(liveTime) || satelliteTrack.current;
+          if (propagated) {
+            Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+              propagated.longitude,
+              propagated.latitude,
+              propagated.altitude,
+              undefined,
+              livePosition,
+            );
+            liveTelemetry.speedMps = Number.isFinite(propagated.speedMps)
+              ? propagated.speedMps
+              : null;
+          }
+        } else {
+          // In-place write keeps one Cartesian3 for the mission's lifetime —
+          // the estimated branch previously reallocated per propagation.
+          livePosition =
+            parts.paths.samplePath(
+              orbitPath,
+              parts.paths.orbitProgressAtTime(nowMs, fallbackPeriodSec),
+              livePosition,
+            ) || livePosition;
+        }
+      };
+      layerState._dataSource.entities.add({
+        id: `rocket-satellite:${launch.id}`,
+        position: new Cesium.CallbackProperty(() => {
+          updateLiveState();
+          return livePosition;
+        }, false),
+        point: {
+          pixelSize: 6,
+          color: Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString(
+            satelliteTrack ? '#7bed9f' : '#ffd166',
+          ),
+          outlineWidth: 0,
+          disableDepthTestDistance: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+        },
+        properties: {
+          launchId: launch.id,
+          noradId: satelliteTrack?.noradId || '',
+          phase: satelliteTrack
+            ? 'CURRENT_SATELLITE_POSITION'
+            : 'ESTIMATED_ORBIT_POSITION',
+          source: satelliteTrack
+            ? 'Satellites layer'
+            : 'Approximate mission orbit',
+        },
+      });
+      overlayRecord.liveEventTime = () => liveTime;
+      overlayRecord.elementEntryFactories.push(() => {
+        const name = satelliteTrack
+          ? parts.overlays
+              .shortMissionLabel(satelliteTrack.name, 22)
+              .toUpperCase()
+          : 'EST. ORBIT POSITION';
+        return parts.overlays.createRocketMissionElementOverlayEntry({
+          id: `payload-position:${launch.id}`,
+          position: () => livePosition,
+          text: `${name}\n${parts.policyHelpers.formatMissionEventTime(liveTime)}`,
+          accent: satelliteTrack ? '#7bed9f' : '#ffd166',
+          priority: 900_000,
+          gapPx: 12,
+        });
+      });
+      // Live satellite rings use a primitive collection so the core Satellite
+      // GMST transform can rotate their baked ECEF geometry without rebuilding
+      // it. Estimated launch-site-relative rings remain ordinary entities.
+      const primitiveOrbitAdded = parts.orbitRendering.addMissionOrbitPrimitive(
+        launch,
+        orbitPath,
+        satelliteTrack,
+      );
+      if (!primitiveOrbitAdded) {
+        layerState._dataSource.entities.add({
+          id: `rocket-orbit:${launch.id}`,
+          polyline: {
+            positions: orbitPath,
+            // The 3 px canvas gives the periodic dot room to read as round; the
+            // shader masks the ten intervening dashes down to a thin center stroke.
+            width: 3,
+            material:
+              new parts.orbitRendering.MissionOrbitPatternMaterialProperty(
+                Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString('#c084fc').withAlpha(0.95),
+              ),
+            arcType: Cesium.ArcType.NONE,
+          },
+          properties: {
+            launchId: launch.id,
+            satelliteName: '',
+            noradId: '',
+            source: 'Approximate mission orbit',
+          },
+        });
+      }
+      const orbitLabelBakePosition = ascentPath.at(-1);
+      let orbitLabelPosition = orbitLabelBakePosition;
+      const primitivePath = layerState._missionOrbitPrimitives.get(launch.id);
+      if (primitivePath) {
+        primitivePath.labelBakePosition = orbitLabelBakePosition;
+        primitivePath.labelPosition = Cesium.Matrix4.multiplyByPoint(
+          primitivePath.primitive.modelMatrix,
+          orbitLabelBakePosition,
+          new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+        );
+        orbitLabelPosition = () => primitivePath.labelPosition;
+      }
+      overlayRecord.elementEntryFactories.push(() =>
+        parts.overlays.createRocketMissionElementOverlayEntry({
+          id: `orbit:${launch.id}`,
+          position: orbitLabelPosition,
+          text: satelliteTrack ? 'ORBIT' : 'PROJECTED ORBIT',
+          accent: satelliteTrack ? '#22e6e6' : '#c084fc',
+          priority: 800_000,
+          gapPx: 8,
+        }),
+      );
+      const replayPosition = new Cesium.CallbackProperty(() => {
+        const state = getReplayState();
+        return state.ascending
+          ? parts.paths.samplePath(ascentPath, state.phaseProgress)
+          : parts.paths.samplePath(animatedOrbitPath, state.phaseProgress);
+      }, false);
+      layerState._dataSource.entities.add({
+        id: `rocket-vehicle:${launch.id}`,
+        position: replayPosition,
+        properties: {
+          launchId: launch.id,
+          noradId: satelliteTrack?.noradId || '',
+          phase: 'ASCENT_THEN_ORBIT',
+          source: satelliteTrack
+            ? 'Satellite trajectory animation'
+            : 'Approximate trajectory animation',
+        },
+      });
+      layerState._dataSource.entities.add({
+        id: `rocket-transfer:${launch.id}`,
+        polyline: {
+          positions: ascentPath,
+          width: 1.5,
+          // The animated vehicle uses Cartesian interpolation between these
+          // exact samples. Prevent Cesium from replacing each segment with a
+          // geodesic arc, which would visually separate the dot from the line.
+          arcType: Cesium.ArcType.NONE,
+          material: new Cesium.PolylineDashMaterialProperty({
+            color: Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString('#7bed9f').withAlpha(0.8),
+            dashLength: 24,
+            dashPattern: 0xf0f0,
+          }),
+        },
+        properties: {
+          launchId: launch.id,
+          phase: 'APPROXIMATE_TRANSFER',
+          source: satelliteTrack
+            ? 'Launch site to propagated insertion'
+            : 'Launch site to forward projected insertion',
+        },
+      });
+    }
+  }
+  return { setGraphicVisibility, updateMissionFrame, addLaunchEntity };
+}

src/layers/launches/replay.js

@@ -0,0 +1,557 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import {
+  REPLAY_ASCENT_FALLBACK_SEC,
+  REPLAY_ASCENT_MIN_SEC,
+  REPLAY_ASCENT_MAX_SEC,
+  REPLAY_SPEED_MIN,
+  REPLAY_SPEED_MAX,
+  REPLAY_SPEED_STEP,
+  REPLAY_TILE_SETTLE_DELAY_SEC,
+  REPLAY_COUNTDOWN_DURATION_SEC,
+  REPLAY_ORBIT_PULLBACK_FRACTION,
+  REPLAY_ORBIT_DURATION_SEC,
+  REPLAY_INITIAL_RANGE_M,
+} from './policy.js';
+
+export function createReplay({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
+  /**
+   * Rotate an upright screen-space rocket so its nose follows a projected path.
+   * @param {{x: number, y: number}} from Current screen point.
+   * @param {{x: number, y: number}} to Forward screen point.
+   * @returns {number} Clockwise CSS rotation in radians.
+   */
+
+  function replayVehicleScreenRotation(from, to) {
+    const dx = Number(to?.x) - Number(from?.x);
+    const dy = Number(to?.y) - Number(from?.y);
+    if (
+      !Number.isFinite(dx) ||
+      !Number.isFinite(dy) ||
+      Math.hypot(dx, dy) < 0.01
+    )
+      return 0;
+    return Math.atan2(dx, -dy);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reduce small screen-space reprojection jitter without allowing the marker
+   * to lag behind a camera jump or a phase transition.
+   * @param {{x:number,y:number}|null} previous Previous rendered position.
+   * @param {{x:number,y:number}} next Current path projection.
+   * @param {number} [alpha] Interpolation amount.
+   * @param {number} [snapDistance] Maximum distance to smooth.
+   * @returns {{x:number,y:number}}
+   */
+
+  function smoothReplayWindowPosition(
+    previous,
+    next,
+    alpha = 0.55,
+    snapDistance = 24,
+  ) {
+    if (!previous || !next) return next;
+    const distance = Math.hypot(next.x - previous.x, next.y - previous.y);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(distance) || distance > snapDistance) return next;
+    const amount = Cesium.Math.clamp(Number(alpha) || 0, 0, 1);
+    return {
+      x: Cesium.Math.lerp(previous.x, next.x, amount),
+      y: Cesium.Math.lerp(previous.y, next.y, amount),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Derive a compressed but mission-specific ascent replay duration.
+   * Launch Library timelines are authoritative when they expose insertion,
+   * SECO, or separation timing. Sparse records fall back to the reconstructed
+   * path length and a conservative ascent velocity estimate.
+   * @param {object} launch Normalized launch record.
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3[]} ascentPath Reconstructed or supplied ascent.
+   * @returns {number} Replay duration in seconds.
+   */
+
+  function replayAscentDurationSeconds(launch, ascentPath = []) {
+    const disclosedSeconds = parts.paths.orbitInsertionOffsetSeconds(launch);
+    let realAscentSeconds = disclosedSeconds > 0 ? disclosedSeconds : null;
+    if (!realAscentSeconds && ascentPath.length > 1) {
+      const pathLength = ascentPath
+        .slice(1)
+        .reduce(
+          (total, point, index) =>
+            total + Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(ascentPath[index], point),
+          0,
+        );
+      realAscentSeconds = Math.max(180, pathLength / 9000);
+    }
+    if (!realAscentSeconds) realAscentSeconds = REPLAY_ASCENT_FALLBACK_SEC * 50;
+    return Cesium.Math.clamp(
+      REPLAY_ASCENT_FALLBACK_SEC * (realAscentSeconds / 600),
+      REPLAY_ASCENT_MIN_SEC,
+      REPLAY_ASCENT_MAX_SEC,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clamp and snap a replay speed multiplier to the supported slider range.
+   * @param {number|string} value Requested playback multiplier.
+   * @returns {number} Supported multiplier between 0.25x and 4x.
+   */
+
+  function normalizeReplaySpeed(value) {
+    const numeric = Number(value);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(numeric)) return 1;
+    const clamped = Cesium.Math.clamp(
+      numeric,
+      REPLAY_SPEED_MIN,
+      REPLAY_SPEED_MAX,
+    );
+    return Math.round(clamped / REPLAY_SPEED_STEP) * REPLAY_SPEED_STEP;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Preserve replay elapsed time when resuming after a pause.
+   * @param {number} startedAt Original replay start epoch in milliseconds.
+   * @param {number} pausedAt Pause epoch in milliseconds.
+   * @param {number} resumedAt Resume epoch in milliseconds.
+   * @returns {number} Shifted start epoch.
+   */
+
+  function replayStartAfterPause(startedAt, pausedAt, resumedAt) {
+    if (![startedAt, pausedAt, resumedAt].every(Number.isFinite))
+      return startedAt;
+    return startedAt + Math.max(0, resumedAt - pausedAt);
+  }
+
+  function replayState(
+    launch,
+    startedAt,
+    ascentDurationSec,
+    orbitDurationSec,
+    orbitPeriodSec,
+    speed = 1,
+    nowMs = Date.now(),
+    preCountdownDurationSec = 0,
+    loop = true,
+  ) {
+    const animationDurationSec = ascentDurationSec + orbitDurationSec;
+    const realSecondsSinceStart = (nowMs - startedAt) / 1000;
+    const preCountdownDuration = Math.max(
+      0,
+      Number(preCountdownDurationSec) || 0,
+    );
+    const preCountdownActive =
+      preCountdownDuration > 0 && realSecondsSinceStart < -preCountdownDuration;
+    const countdownActive = realSecondsSinceStart < 0 && !preCountdownActive;
+    const countdownSeconds = countdownActive
+      ? Math.ceil(-realSecondsSinceStart)
+      : 0;
+    const elapsedSinceStart = Math.max(
+      0,
+      realSecondsSinceStart * normalizeReplaySpeed(speed),
+    );
+    const elapsed = loop
+      ? elapsedSinceStart % animationDurationSec
+      : Math.min(elapsedSinceStart, Math.max(0, animationDurationSec - 1e-6));
+    const insertionOffsetSec = parts.paths.orbitInsertionOffsetSeconds(launch);
+    const ascending = elapsed < ascentDurationSec;
+    const phaseProgress = ascending
+      ? elapsed / ascentDurationSec
+      : (elapsed - ascentDurationSec) / orbitDurationSec;
+    const missionOffsetSec =
+      insertionOffsetSec === null
+        ? null
+        : ascending
+          ? phaseProgress * insertionOffsetSec
+          : insertionOffsetSec + phaseProgress * orbitPeriodSec;
+    const launchEpoch = Date.parse(launch.launchTime);
+    const eventTime =
+      Number.isFinite(launchEpoch) && missionOffsetSec !== null
+        ? new Date(launchEpoch + missionOffsetSec * 1000)
+        : null;
+    return {
+      ascending,
+      phaseProgress,
+      eventTime,
+      elapsedSinceStart,
+      countdownActive,
+      preCountdownActive,
+      countdownSeconds,
+    };
+  }
+
+  function syncReplayButton() {
+    const button = layerState._missionPanel?.querySelector(
+      '[data-mission-replay]',
+    );
+    const transport = layerState._missionPanel?.querySelector(
+      '[data-mission-replay-transport]',
+    );
+    const speedControl = layerState._missionPanel?.querySelector(
+      '.mission-replay-speed-control',
+    );
+    if (!button) return;
+    const active = Boolean(
+      layerState._replayCameraLaunchId &&
+      layerState._replayCameraLaunchId === layerState._selectedLaunchId,
+    );
+    const replayAvailable = Boolean(
+      layerState._selectedLaunchId &&
+      layerState._replayTracks.has(layerState._selectedLaunchId),
+    );
+    if (speedControl) speedControl.hidden = !replayAvailable;
+    button.hidden = active || !replayAvailable;
+    button.disabled = !replayAvailable;
+    button.textContent = 'REPLAY ASCENT';
+    button.classList.remove('active');
+    button.setAttribute('aria-pressed', String(active));
+    button.title = 'Replay the estimated ascent with a following camera';
+    if (transport) {
+      transport.hidden = !active;
+      transport.classList.toggle(
+        'is-paused',
+        active && layerState._replayPaused,
+      );
+      const toggleButton = transport.querySelector(
+        '[data-mission-replay-toggle]',
+      );
+      if (toggleButton) {
+        toggleButton.disabled = !active;
+        toggleButton.textContent = layerState._replayPaused ? '▶' : 'Ⅱ';
+        toggleButton.setAttribute(
+          'aria-label',
+          layerState._replayPaused ? 'Resume replay' : 'Pause replay',
+        );
+        toggleButton.title = layerState._replayPaused
+          ? 'Resume replay'
+          : 'Pause replay';
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function syncReplayCountdownButton(state) {
+    const transport = layerState._missionPanel?.querySelector(
+      '[data-mission-replay-transport]',
+    );
+    if (!transport || !layerState._replayCameraLaunchId) return;
+    const phase = state.countdownActive
+      ? `T minus ${state.countdownSeconds}`
+      : state.preCountdownActive
+        ? 'Preparing launch site'
+        : state.elapsedSinceStart < 1
+          ? 'Liftoff'
+          : state.ascending
+            ? 'Ascent replay'
+            : 'Orbit replay';
+    transport.setAttribute(
+      'aria-label',
+      `${phase}${layerState._replayPaused ? ', paused' : ''}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  function syncReplaySpeedControl() {
+    const input = layerState._missionPanel?.querySelector(
+      '[data-mission-replay-speed]',
+    );
+    const output = layerState._missionPanel?.querySelector(
+      '[data-mission-replay-speed-output]',
+    );
+    if (input) {
+      input.value = String(layerState._replaySpeed);
+      const progress =
+        ((layerState._replaySpeed - REPLAY_SPEED_MIN) /
+          (REPLAY_SPEED_MAX - REPLAY_SPEED_MIN)) *
+        100;
+      input.style.setProperty('--replay-speed-progress', `${progress}%`);
+    }
+    if (output)
+      output.textContent = `${layerState._replaySpeed.toFixed(layerState._replaySpeed % 1 ? 2 : 0)}×`;
+  }
+
+  function setReplaySpeed(value) {
+    const nextSpeed = normalizeReplaySpeed(value);
+    const previousSpeed = layerState._replaySpeed;
+    if (nextSpeed === previousSpeed) {
+      syncReplaySpeedControl();
+      return;
+    }
+    const now =
+      layerState._replayPaused && Number.isFinite(layerState._replayPausedAtMs)
+        ? layerState._replayPausedAtMs
+        : Date.now();
+    for (const [launchId, startedAt] of layerState._animationStarts) {
+      if (!Number.isFinite(startedAt)) continue;
+      const elapsedMissionMs = (now - startedAt) * previousSpeed;
+      layerState._animationStarts.set(
+        launchId,
+        now - elapsedMissionMs / nextSpeed,
+      );
+    }
+    layerState._replaySpeed = nextSpeed;
+    syncReplaySpeedControl();
+  }
+
+  function replayClockNow(launchId) {
+    if (
+      layerState._replayPaused &&
+      layerState._replayCameraLaunchId === launchId &&
+      Number.isFinite(layerState._replayPausedAtMs)
+    ) {
+      return layerState._replayPausedAtMs;
+    }
+    return Date.now();
+  }
+
+  function pauseMissionReplay() {
+    if (!layerState._replayCameraLaunchId || layerState._replayPaused)
+      return false;
+    layerState._replayPausedAtMs = Date.now();
+    layerState._replayPaused = true;
+    syncReplayButton();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  function resumeMissionReplay() {
+    if (
+      !layerState._replayCameraLaunchId ||
+      !layerState._replayPaused ||
+      !Number.isFinite(layerState._replayPausedAtMs)
+    ) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    const resumedAt = Date.now();
+    const startedAt = layerState._animationStarts.get(
+      layerState._replayCameraLaunchId,
+    );
+    if (Number.isFinite(startedAt)) {
+      layerState._animationStarts.set(
+        layerState._replayCameraLaunchId,
+        replayStartAfterPause(
+          startedAt,
+          layerState._replayPausedAtMs,
+          resumedAt,
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+    layerState._replayPaused = false;
+    layerState._replayPausedAtMs = null;
+    syncReplayButton();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  function stopMissionReplay() {
+    const stoppedLaunchId = layerState._replayCameraLaunchId;
+    layerState._replayCameraToken++;
+    if (layerState._replayCameraRemover) layerState._replayCameraRemover();
+    layerState._replayCameraRemover = null;
+    layerState._viewer?.camera?.cancelFlight();
+    if (layerState._viewer?.camera)
+      layerState._viewer.camera.lookAtTransform(Cesium.Matrix4.IDENTITY);
+    layerState._replayCameraLaunchId = null;
+    layerState._replayPaused = false;
+    layerState._replayPausedAtMs = null;
+    if (stoppedLaunchId)
+      layerState._animationStarts.set(stoppedLaunchId, Date.now());
+    syncReplayButton();
+    parts.overlays.syncMissionOverlayEntries();
+  }
+
+  function startMissionReplay(launchId) {
+    const launch = layerState._launches.find((item) => item.id === launchId);
+    const track = layerState._replayTracks.get(launchId);
+    if (!layerState._viewer || !launch || !track) return false;
+    if (layerState._replayCameraLaunchId === launchId) {
+      stopMissionReplay();
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    parts.selection.stopMissionZoomAnchor();
+    stopMissionReplay();
+    layerState._replayCameraLaunchId = launchId;
+    layerState._replayPaused = false;
+    layerState._replayPausedAtMs = null;
+    const token = ++layerState._replayCameraToken;
+    const ascentDurationSec = track.ascentDurationSec;
+    // Start broadside to the ascent/orbit direction so the launch profile is
+    // visible. The chase heading then eases toward the path tangent after the
+    // camera is established.
+    const initialHeading = parts.camera.replayInitialCameraHeading(
+      track.ascentPath,
+    );
+    track.lastCameraHeading = initialHeading;
+    syncReplayButton();
+    parts.overlays.syncMissionOverlayEntries();
+    parts.policyHelpers.releaseAircraftTracking(layerState._dataManager);
+    layerState._viewer.trackedEntity = undefined;
+    layerState._viewer.camera.cancelFlight();
+    layerState._animationStarts.set(
+      launchId,
+      Date.now() +
+        (REPLAY_TILE_SETTLE_DELAY_SEC + REPLAY_COUNTDOWN_DURATION_SEC) * 1000,
+    );
+    let cameraReady = false;
+    let lastCameraUpdateMs = null;
+
+    // Move the chase camera before scene traversal. Mutating it in preRender
+    // makes Cesium discover a new view after 3D-tile refinement, which can cause
+    // a self-sustaining refinement loop and visible stutter during slow replay.
+    layerState._replayCameraRemover =
+      layerState._viewer.scene.preUpdate.addEventListener(() => {
+        if (
+          token !== layerState._replayCameraToken ||
+          layerState._replayCameraLaunchId !== launchId
+        )
+          return;
+        const state = track.beginReplayFrame();
+        syncReplayCountdownButton(state);
+        if (!cameraReady) return;
+        const path = state.ascending
+          ? track.ascentPath
+          : track.animatedOrbitPath;
+        const position = parts.paths.samplePath(path, state.phaseProgress);
+        if (!position) return;
+        const pathHeading = parts.camera.cameraHeadingForPath(
+          path,
+          state.phaseProgress,
+          track.lastCameraHeading,
+        );
+        const orbitBlend = !state.ascending
+          ? Cesium.Math.clamp(
+              (Number(state.phaseProgress) || 0) /
+                REPLAY_ORBIT_PULLBACK_FRACTION,
+              0,
+              1,
+            )
+          : 0;
+        const desiredHeading = parts.camera.replayChaseCameraHeading(
+          pathHeading,
+          orbitBlend,
+        );
+        if (state.ascending) track.orbitCameraWorldFrame = false;
+        const nowMs = performance.now();
+        const frameDurationMs = Number.isFinite(lastCameraUpdateMs)
+          ? Cesium.Math.clamp(nowMs - lastCameraUpdateMs, 4, 50)
+          : 1000 / 60;
+        lastCameraUpdateMs = nowMs;
+        track.lastCameraHeading = parts.camera.smoothReplayCameraHeading(
+          track.lastCameraHeading,
+          desiredHeading,
+          (Cesium.Math.toRadians(2) * frameDurationMs) / (1000 / 60),
+        );
+        const cartographic =
+          Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84.cartesianToCartographic(position);
+        const altitude = Math.max(0, cartographic?.height || 0);
+        const cameraView = parts.camera.replayCameraView(state, altitude);
+        const defaultOrbitTarget = !state.ascending
+          ? parts.camera.replayOrbitGlobeAnchor(position, orbitBlend)
+          : position;
+        const cameraTarget = !state.ascending
+          ? parts.camera.replayOrbitCameraTarget(
+              defaultOrbitTarget,
+              track.orbitFrameSphere?.center,
+              orbitBlend,
+            )
+          : defaultOrbitTarget;
+        const cameraRange = !state.ascending
+          ? parts.camera.replayOrbitGlobeRange(
+              cameraView.range,
+              altitude,
+              orbitBlend,
+              track.orbitFrameSphere?.radius,
+            )
+          : cameraView.range;
+        if (state.ascending) {
+          layerState._viewer.camera.lookAt(
+            cameraTarget,
+            new Cesium.HeadingPitchRange(
+              track.lastCameraHeading,
+              cameraView.pitch,
+              cameraRange,
+            ),
+          );
+        } else {
+          const tangentStep = Math.max(
+            0.002,
+            0.8 / Math.max(2, path.length - 1),
+          );
+          const tangentProgress = Math.min(
+            1,
+            state.phaseProgress + tangentStep,
+          );
+          const tangentPosition = parts.paths.samplePath(
+            path,
+            tangentProgress > state.phaseProgress
+              ? tangentProgress
+              : Math.max(0, state.phaseProgress - tangentStep),
+          );
+          const orbitPose = parts.camera.replayOrbitCameraPose(
+            position,
+            tangentPosition,
+            cameraTarget,
+            cameraRange,
+            cameraView.pitch,
+          );
+          if (orbitPose) {
+            if (!track.orbitCameraWorldFrame) {
+              layerState._viewer.camera.lookAtTransform(
+                Cesium.Matrix4.IDENTITY,
+              );
+              track.orbitCameraWorldFrame = true;
+            }
+            layerState._viewer.camera.setView({
+              destination: orbitPose.destination,
+              orientation: {
+                direction: orbitPose.direction,
+                up: orbitPose.up,
+              },
+            });
+          }
+        }
+        if (
+          state.elapsedSinceStart >=
+          ascentDurationSec + REPLAY_ORBIT_DURATION_SEC
+        ) {
+          stopMissionReplay();
+        }
+      });
+
+    layerState._viewer.camera.flyToBoundingSphere(
+      new Cesium.BoundingSphere(track.ascentPath[0], 0),
+      {
+        offset: new Cesium.HeadingPitchRange(
+          initialHeading,
+          Cesium.Math.toRadians(-20),
+          REPLAY_INITIAL_RANGE_M,
+        ),
+        duration: 1.4,
+        easingFunction: Cesium.EasingFunction.CUBIC_IN_OUT,
+        complete: () => {
+          cameraReady = true;
+        },
+        cancel: () => {
+          if (
+            token === layerState._replayCameraToken &&
+            layerState._replayCameraLaunchId === launchId
+          )
+            stopMissionReplay();
+        },
+      },
+    );
+    return true;
+  }
+  return {
+    replayVehicleScreenRotation,
+    smoothReplayWindowPosition,
+    replayAscentDurationSeconds,
+    normalizeReplaySpeed,
+    replayStartAfterPause,
+    replayState,
+    syncReplayButton,
+    syncReplayCountdownButton,
+    syncReplaySpeedControl,
+    setReplaySpeed,
+    replayClockNow,
+    pauseMissionReplay,
+    resumeMissionReplay,
+    stopMissionReplay,
+    startMissionReplay,
+  };
+}

src/layers/launches/selection.js

@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { MISSION_GLOBE_VIEW_RANGE_M, MISSION_FOCUS_RANGE_M } from './policy.js';
+
+export function createSelection({
+  state: layerState,
+  services,
+  parts,
+  source,
+}) {
+  const { getKeyholeGeometry } = services.geometry;
+
+  function focusFullGlobe(viewer, duration = 2.4) {
+    const canvas = viewer?.scene?.canvas;
+    const height = canvas?.clientHeight || canvas?.height;
+    const width = canvas?.clientWidth || canvas?.width;
+    const cartographic = viewer?.camera?.positionCartographic;
+    const fovy = viewer?.camera?.frustum?.fovy;
+    if (
+      !(width > 0) ||
+      !(height > 0) ||
+      !cartographic ||
+      !Number.isFinite(fovy) ||
+      fovy <= 0 ||
+      fovy >= Math.PI
+    )
+      return;
+    const earthRadius = Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84.maximumRadius;
+    const keyholeRadius = getKeyholeGeometry(width, height).radius;
+    const targetScreenRadius = keyholeRadius * 0.61;
+    const angularRadius = Math.atan(
+      (targetScreenRadius / (height * 0.5)) * Math.tan(fovy * 0.5),
+    );
+    const distance = earthRadius / Math.max(Math.sin(angularRadius), 1e-4);
+    const altitude = Math.max(earthRadius * 1.55, distance - earthRadius);
+    viewer.camera.flyTo({
+      destination: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromRadians(
+        cartographic.longitude,
+        cartographic.latitude,
+        altitude,
+      ),
+      orientation: {
+        heading: viewer.camera.heading,
+        pitch: -Cesium.Math.PI_OVER_TWO,
+        roll: 0,
+      },
+      duration,
+      easingFunction: Cesium.EasingFunction.CUBIC_IN_OUT,
+    });
+  }
+
+  function entityLaunchId(entity) {
+    if (!entity?.id || typeof entity.id !== 'string') return null;
+    const match = entity.id.match(/^rocket-[^:]+:([^:]+)/);
+    return match?.[1] || null;
+  }
+
+  function setSelectedMission(launchId, isolate = true) {
+    if (launchId) parts.panel.clearMissionRosterHover();
+    if (
+      layerState._replayCameraLaunchId &&
+      layerState._replayCameraLaunchId !== launchId
+    )
+      parts.replay.stopMissionReplay();
+    if (
+      layerState._missionZoomAnchorId &&
+      layerState._missionZoomAnchorId !== launchId
+    )
+      stopMissionZoomAnchor();
+    layerState._selectedLaunchId = launchId;
+    layerState._explicitSelection = Boolean(launchId && isolate);
+    if (launchId) layerState._animationStarts.set(launchId, Date.now());
+    if (!launchId && layerState._viewer) {
+      stopMissionZoomAnchor();
+      layerState._viewer.selectedEntity = undefined;
+    }
+    if (!layerState._dataSource) return;
+    for (const entity of layerState._dataSource.entities.values) {
+      const relatedId = entityLaunchId(entity);
+      entity.show = launchId
+        ? relatedId === launchId
+        : entity.id.startsWith('rocket-launch:');
+    }
+    parts.orbitRendering.syncMissionOrbitPrimitiveVisibility();
+    parts.overlays.syncMissionOverlayEntries();
+    parts.panel.renderMissionPanel();
+  }
+
+  function stopMissionZoomAnchor() {
+    if (layerState._missionZoomAnchorRemover)
+      layerState._missionZoomAnchorRemover();
+    layerState._missionZoomAnchorRemover = null;
+    layerState._missionZoomAnchorId = null;
+    if (layerState._viewer?.camera && !layerState._replayCameraLaunchId) {
+      layerState._viewer.camera.lookAtTransform(Cesium.Matrix4.IDENTITY);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function startMissionZoomAnchor(launch, initialRange) {
+    if (!layerState._viewer || !launch || layerState._replayCameraLaunchId)
+      return;
+    stopMissionZoomAnchor();
+    const target = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(launch.lon, launch.lat);
+    const range = Math.max(
+      2000,
+      Number(initialRange) || MISSION_GLOBE_VIEW_RANGE_M,
+    );
+    layerState._missionZoomAnchorId = launch.id;
+    layerState._viewer.camera.lookAt(
+      target,
+      new Cesium.HeadingPitchRange(
+        0,
+        parts.camera.missionZoomPitch(range),
+        range,
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
+  function focusMission(launch) {
+    if (!layerState._viewer || !launch) return;
+    stopMissionZoomAnchor();
+    layerState._viewer.selectedEntity = layerState._dataSource.entities.getById(
+      `rocket-launch:${launch.id}`,
+    );
+    const orbitEntity = layerState._dataSource.entities.getById(
+      `rocket-orbit:${launch.id}`,
+    );
+    const orbitPositions = orbitEntity?.polyline?.positions?.getValue(
+      Cesium.JulianDate.now(),
+    );
+    const launchPosition = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+      launch.lon,
+      launch.lat,
+    );
+    let range = 18000000;
+    if (orbitPositions?.length > 1) {
+      const canvas = layerState._viewer.scene.canvas;
+      const fovy =
+        layerState._viewer.camera.frustum?.fovy || Cesium.Math.toRadians(60);
+      const aspect = Math.max(
+        0.1,
+        (canvas.clientWidth || canvas.width) /
+          Math.max(1, canvas.clientHeight || canvas.height),
+      );
+      const fovx = 2 * Math.atan(Math.tan(fovy * 0.5) * aspect);
+      const paddedHalfAngle = Math.min(fovy, fovx) * 0.5 * 0.62;
+      const orbitExtent = orbitPositions.reduce(
+        (largest, point) =>
+          Math.max(largest, Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(launchPosition, point)),
+        0,
+      );
+      range = Math.max(
+        orbitExtent / Math.max(Math.sin(paddedHalfAngle), 0.1),
+        18000000,
+      );
+    }
+    const targetNormal = Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(
+      launchPosition,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    const destination = Cesium.Cartesian3.add(
+      launchPosition,
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+        targetNormal,
+        range,
+        new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+      ),
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    const direction = Cesium.Cartesian3.negate(
+      targetNormal,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    let right = Cesium.Cartesian3.cross(
+      direction,
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.UNIT_Z,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    if (Cesium.Cartesian3.magnitudeSquared(right) < 1e-8) {
+      right = Cesium.Cartesian3.cross(
+        direction,
+        Cesium.Cartesian3.UNIT_Y,
+        right,
+      );
+    }
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(right, right);
+    const up = Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.cross(right, direction, new Cesium.Cartesian3()),
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    layerState._viewer.camera.flyTo({
+      destination,
+      orientation: { direction, up },
+      duration: 1.1,
+      complete: () => {
+        if (layerState._selectedLaunchId === launch.id)
+          startMissionZoomAnchor(launch, range);
+      },
+    });
+  }
+
+  function focusLaunchSite(launch) {
+    if (!layerState._viewer || !launch) return;
+    parts.replay.stopMissionReplay();
+    stopMissionZoomAnchor();
+    const launchPosition = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+      launch.lon,
+      launch.lat,
+    );
+    layerState._viewer.selectedEntity = layerState._dataSource.entities.getById(
+      `rocket-launch:${launch.id}`,
+    );
+    layerState._viewer.camera.flyToBoundingSphere(
+      new Cesium.BoundingSphere(launchPosition, 0),
+      {
+        offset: new Cesium.HeadingPitchRange(
+          0,
+          Cesium.Math.toRadians(-42),
+          MISSION_FOCUS_RANGE_M,
+        ),
+        duration: 1.4,
+        easingFunction: Cesium.EasingFunction.CUBIC_IN_OUT,
+        complete: () => {
+          if (layerState._selectedLaunchId === launch.id) {
+            startMissionZoomAnchor(launch, MISSION_FOCUS_RANGE_M);
+          }
+        },
+      },
+    );
+  }
+  return {
+    focusFullGlobe,
+    entityLaunchId,
+    setSelectedMission,
+    stopMissionZoomAnchor,
+    startMissionZoomAnchor,
+    focusMission,
+    focusLaunchSite,
+  };
+}

src/layers/launches/source.js

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/** Read launch records and their optional active-orbit catalog with explicit cancellation. */
+export function createLaunchSource({
+  fetchImpl = (...args) => globalThis.fetch(...args),
+} = {}) {
+  return {
+    async getLaunches({ signal } = {}) {
+      signal?.throwIfAborted();
+      const response = await fetchImpl('/api/launches', { signal });
+      if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${response.status}`);
+      const payload = await response.json();
+      signal?.throwIfAborted();
+      if (!Array.isArray(payload) && !Array.isArray(payload?.results))
+        throw new Error('Malformed launch snapshot');
+      return payload;
+    },
+    async getActiveTle({ signal } = {}) {
+      signal?.throwIfAborted();
+      const response = await fetchImpl('/api/celestrak/active', { signal });
+      if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${response.status}`);
+      const text = await response.text();
+      signal?.throwIfAborted();
+      return text;
+    },
+  };
+}

src/layers/launches/source.test.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { createLaunchSource } from './source.js';
+import { createRocketLaunchesLayer } from './index.js';
+
+test('launch sources preserve last-good eligibility by rejecting malformed snapshots', async () => {
+  for (const payload of [{}, { results: null }]) {
+    const source = createLaunchSource({
+      fetchImpl: async () => new Response(JSON.stringify(payload)),
+    });
+    await assert.rejects(source.getLaunches(), /Malformed launch snapshot/);
+  }
+});
+
+test('launch and active-orbit responses reject cancellation during parsing', async () => {
+  for (const method of ['getLaunches', 'getActiveTle']) {
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    const source = createLaunchSource({
+      fetchImpl: async () => ({
+        ok: true,
+        async json() {
+          controller.abort();
+          return { results: [] };
+        },
+        async text() {
+          controller.abort();
+          return 'late orbit';
+        },
+      }),
+    });
+    await assert.rejects(source[method]({ signal: controller.signal }), {
+      name: 'AbortError',
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+test('launch factories construct independently without starting a scene or source request', () => {
+  const source = {
+    getLaunches() {
+      assert.fail('construction fetched launches');
+    },
+    getActiveTle() {
+      assert.fail('construction fetched orbits');
+    },
+  };
+  const services = { satellites: {}, geometry: {}, overlays: {}, render: {} };
+  const first = createRocketLaunchesLayer({ source, services });
+  const second = createRocketLaunchesLayer({ source, services });
+  first._setSelectedRocketMissionForTest('first');
+  assert.notEqual(first, second);
+  assert.equal(first.getStats().count, 0);
+  assert.equal(second.getStats().count, 0);
+});

src/layers/launches/state.js

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+
+export function createState({ services }) {
+  const { setOverlayEntries, setOverlaySourceVisible, clearOverlaySource } =
+    services.overlays;
+  const state = {};
+
+  state.DEFAULT_OVERLAY_HOST = Object.freeze({
+    setEntries: setOverlayEntries,
+    setVisible: setOverlaySourceVisible,
+    clearSource: clearOverlaySource,
+  });
+
+  state._dataSource = null;
+
+  state._count = 0;
+
+  state._lastUpdate = null;
+
+  state._lastError = null;
+
+  state._orbitMatches = 0;
+
+  state._clickHandler = null;
+
+  state._moveHandler = null;
+
+  state._viewer = null;
+
+  state._declutterHandler = null;
+
+  state._dataManager = null;
+
+  state._retryTimer = null;
+
+  state._postTleRetryCount = 0;
+
+  state._updatePromise = null;
+
+  state._updatePromiseToken = 0;
+
+  state._updateDirty = false;
+
+  state._lifecycleToken = 0;
+
+  state._enabled = false;
+
+  state._selectedLaunchId = null;
+
+  state._explicitSelection = false;
+
+  state._launches = [];
+
+  state._missionPanel = null;
+
+  state._missionRoster = null;
+
+  state._missionRosterHoverTimer = null;
+
+  state._hoveredRosterLaunchId = null;
+
+  state._missionRosterPreviewOwnership = null;
+
+  state._missionHoverReticleImage = null;
+
+  state._replayVehicleOverlay = null;
+
+  state._replayVehicleOverlayText = '';
+
+  state._animationStarts = new Map();
+
+  state._satelliteTelemetry = new Map();
+
+  state._lastPanelTelemetryMs = 0;
+
+  state._lastMissionRingRotationMs = 0;
+
+  state._activeTleText = null;
+
+  state._activeTlePromise = null;
+
+  state._activeTlePromiseToken = 0;
+
+  state._renderedTleText = null;
+
+  state._focusAfterActiveLookup = false;
+
+  state._satelliteStateBeforeMission = null;
+
+  state._satelliteActivationPromise = null;
+
+  state._replayCameraRemover = null;
+
+  state._replayCameraLaunchId = null;
+
+  state._replayCameraToken = 0;
+
+  state._replayPaused = false;
+
+  state._replayPausedAtMs = null;
+
+  state._replaySpeed = 1;
+
+  state._replayTracks = new Map();
+
+  state._missionOverlayRecords = new Map();
+
+  state._missionOverlayHost = state.DEFAULT_OVERLAY_HOST;
+
+  state._selectedMissionOverlayTimeText = null;
+
+  state._missionZoomAnchorRemover = null;
+
+  state._missionZoomAnchorId = null;
+
+  state._launchPadZonePrimitive = null;
+
+  state._launchPadZoneRemover = null;
+
+  state._launchPadZoneLaunchId = null;
+
+  state._missionOrbitPrimitives = new Map();
+
+  state._declutterTime = new Cesium.JulianDate();
+
+  state._declutterOccluder = new Cesium.EllipsoidalOccluder(
+    Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84,
+    new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+  );
+
+  state._missionRingDate = new Date(0);
+
+  state._missionOrbitPatternRegistered = false;
+
+  state._pathDistanceCache = new WeakMap();
+  state._sourceController = new AbortController();
+  return state;
+}

src/layers/launches/testing.js

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+export function createTesting({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
+  /** Test seam for real layer lifecycle coverage with a recording host. */
+
+  function _setRocketMissionOverlayHostForTest(host = null) {
+    layerState._missionOverlayHost = host
+      ? { ...layerState.DEFAULT_OVERLAY_HOST, ...host }
+      : layerState.DEFAULT_OVERLAY_HOST;
+  }
+
+  /** Test seam that exercises the real selection/deselection path. */
+
+  function _setSelectedRocketMissionForTest(launchId = null) {
+    parts.selection.setSelectedMission(launchId, Boolean(launchId));
+  }
+  return {
+    _setRocketMissionOverlayHostForTest,
+    _setSelectedRocketMissionForTest,
+  };
+}

src/layers/satellites/catalog.js

@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { twoline2satrec } from 'satellite.js';
+import {
+  DENSE_REFRESH_FRAMES,
+  DENSE_GROUP_PATH,
+  POINT_STYLES,
+  DENSE_CREATE_CHUNK,
+} from './policy.js';
+
+export function createCatalog({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
+  function _abortActiveUpdates() {
+    for (const controller of layerState._activeUpdateControllers)
+      controller.abort();
+    layerState._activeUpdateControllers.clear();
+    layerState._denseLoadController?.abort();
+    layerState._denseLoadController = null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Re-propagate a small per-frame slice of the dense extras (round-robin).
+   * Budget: the full dense set completes one pass every ~DENSE_REFRESH_FRAMES
+   * frames (~5s at 60fps ≈ 1/5 of the core cadence), so per-frame cost stays
+   * ~35 propagations (~0.1 ms) even with 10K+ Starlink sats — spreading the
+   * work per frame avoids the once-per-second spike a tick-sized chunk
+   * (~2K props ≈ 4ms) would cause.
+   */
+
+  function _propagateDenseChunk() {
+    if (layerState._denseIds.length === 0) return;
+    const perFrame = Math.max(
+      1,
+      Math.ceil(layerState._denseIds.length / DENSE_REFRESH_FRAMES),
+    );
+    const now = new Date();
+    for (let i = 0; i < perFrame; i++) {
+      if (layerState._denseCursor >= layerState._denseIds.length)
+        layerState._denseCursor = 0;
+      const noradId = layerState._denseIds[layerState._denseCursor++];
+      if (noradId === layerState._trackedNorad) continue; // per-frame tracked path owns it
+      const sat = layerState._catalog.get(noradId);
+      const point = layerState._points.get(noradId);
+      if (!sat || !point) continue;
+      const pos = parts.orbits.propagatePosition(sat.satrec, now);
+      if (pos) {
+        point.position = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+          pos.longitude,
+          pos.latitude,
+          pos.altitude,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Load the dense catalog extras (Starlink) as points-only satellites.
+   * Chunked so ~10K twoline2satrec builds + initial propagations never block a
+   * frame; a token guards against mode flips / catalog rebuilds mid-load.
+   */
+
+  async function _loadDenseCatalog({ signal = null } = {}) {
+    if (!layerState._viewer || !layerState._pointCollection)
+      return { status: 'source-unavailable', reason: 'layer-unavailable' };
+    layerState._denseLoadController?.abort();
+    const resourceController = new AbortController();
+    layerState._denseLoadController = resourceController;
+    const loadSignal = signal
+      ? AbortSignal.any([signal, resourceController.signal])
+      : resourceController.signal;
+    const token = ++layerState._denseLoadToken;
+    layerState._denseStatus = 'loading';
+    layerState._denseError = null;
+    parts.controls._notifyRowControls();
+    try {
+      loadSignal.throwIfAborted();
+      const res = await source.readGroup(DENSE_GROUP_PATH, {
+        signal: loadSignal,
+      });
+      if (!res.ok) {
+        console.warn(
+          `[Data:Satellites] Dense group '${DENSE_GROUP_PATH}' fetch failed (${res.status})`,
+        );
+        _denseLoadFailed(token, `feed unavailable (${res.status})`);
+        return {
+          status: 'source-unavailable',
+          reason: `feed unavailable (${res.status})`,
+        };
+      }
+      const text = res.text;
+      loadSignal.throwIfAborted();
+      if (
+        token !== layerState._denseLoadToken ||
+        layerState._params.catalog !== 'dense'
+      ) {
+        return { status: 'superseded', reason: 'dense-load-superseded' };
+      }
+
+      const entries = parts.orbits.parseTLE(text);
+      const style = POINT_STYLES.dense;
+      const now = new Date();
+      let added = 0;
+
+      for (let start = 0; start < entries.length; start += DENSE_CREATE_CHUNK) {
+        loadSignal.throwIfAborted();
+        if (
+          token !== layerState._denseLoadToken ||
+          layerState._params.catalog !== 'dense' ||
+          !layerState._pointCollection
+        ) {
+          return { status: 'superseded', reason: 'dense-load-superseded' };
+        }
+        const end = Math.min(start + DENSE_CREATE_CHUNK, entries.length);
+        for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
+          const entry = entries[i];
+          const satrec = twoline2satrec(entry.line1, entry.line2);
+          if (!satrec || satrec.error !== 0) continue;
+          const noradId = Number(satrec.satnum);
+          if (layerState._catalog.has(noradId)) continue; // core catalog keeps priority
+          const pos = parts.orbits.propagatePosition(satrec, now);
+          if (!pos) continue;
+
+          layerState._catalog.set(noradId, {
+            name: entry.name,
+            satrec,
+            group: 'dense',
+          });
+          const point = layerState._pointCollection.add({
+            position: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+              pos.longitude,
+              pos.latitude,
+              pos.altitude,
+            ),
+            pixelSize: style.pixelSize,
+            color: style.color,
+            outlineColor: style.outlineColor,
+            outlineWidth: style.outlineWidth,
+            scaleByDistance: new Cesium.NearFarScalar(1e6, 1.5, 2e7, 0.6),
+            id: noradId,
+          });
+          layerState._points.set(noradId, point);
+          layerState._denseIds.push(noradId);
+          added++;
+        }
+        // Yield to the event loop between chunks.
+        await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+        loadSignal.throwIfAborted();
+      }
+
+      // A 200 that yields nothing usable is still a failed load — an empty body,
+      // an HTML error page the proxy passed through, or a feed of TLEs the core
+      // catalog already owns. Treating it as success is the same lie as treating
+      // a 502 as success, just through a different door.
+      if (added === 0) {
+        console.warn(
+          `[Data:Satellites] Dense group '${DENSE_GROUP_PATH}' returned no usable satellites`,
+        );
+        _denseLoadFailed(token, 'feed returned no satellites');
+        return {
+          status: 'source-unavailable',
+          reason: 'feed returned no satellites',
+        };
+      }
+
+      layerState._count = layerState._points.size;
+      layerState._catalogRevision++;
+      layerState._denseStatus = 'ready';
+      console.log(
+        `[Data:Satellites] Dense catalog: +${added} ${DENSE_GROUP_PATH} (points only)`,
+      );
+      // The panel would otherwise keep the pre-load count and legend until the
+      // next natural refresh — up to the 5-minute catalog interval.
+      parts.controls._notifyRowControls();
+      parts.tracking._applyPendingTrackingRestore();
+      return { status: 'ready', added };
+    } catch (e) {
+      if (loadSignal.aborted || e?.name === 'AbortError') {
+        return {
+          status: 'cancelled',
+          reason: String(loadSignal.reason || 'aborted'),
+        };
+      }
+      console.warn('[Data:Satellites] Dense catalog load failed:', e);
+      _denseLoadFailed(token, 'feed unreachable');
+      return { status: 'source-unavailable', reason: 'feed unreachable' };
+    } finally {
+      if (layerState._denseLoadController === resourceController)
+        layerState._denseLoadController = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Settle a failed dense load: drop any partial chunk, return the layer to the
+   * core catalog, and leave the reason on the chip. Reverting the param is the
+   * point — a chip that reads ACTIVE over an empty sky is a lie.
+   * @param {number} token The load token that failed.
+   * @param {string} reason Short operator-facing cause.
+   */
+
+  function _denseLoadFailed(token, reason) {
+    // A newer load (or a mode flip) already owns the state — say nothing.
+    if (token !== layerState._denseLoadToken) return;
+    layerState._params.catalog = 'core';
+    _removeDenseCatalog();
+    layerState._denseStatus = 'failed';
+    layerState._denseError = reason;
+    parts.controls._notifyRowControls();
+  }
+
+  /** Remove all dense extras (catalog entries, points, tracking if needed). */
+
+  function _removeDenseCatalog() {
+    layerState._denseLoadController?.abort();
+    layerState._denseLoadController = null;
+    layerState._denseLoadToken++; // cancel any in-flight dense load
+    if (
+      layerState._trackedNorad !== null &&
+      layerState._catalog.get(layerState._trackedNorad)?.group === 'dense'
+    ) {
+      parts.tracking._clearTracking();
+    }
+    for (const noradId of layerState._denseIds) {
+      const point = layerState._points.get(noradId);
+      if (point && layerState._pointCollection)
+        layerState._pointCollection.remove(point);
+      layerState._points.delete(noradId);
+      layerState._catalog.delete(noradId);
+    }
+    layerState._denseIds = [];
+    layerState._denseCursor = 0;
+    layerState._count = layerState._points.size;
+    layerState._catalogRevision++;
+  }
+  return {
+    _abortActiveUpdates,
+    _propagateDenseChunk,
+    _loadDenseCatalog,
+    _denseLoadFailed,
+    _removeDenseCatalog,
+  };
+}

src/layers/satellites/controls.js

@@ -0,0 +1,562 @@
+import {
+  tallySatelliteClasses,
+  satelliteClassLabel,
+  satelliteClassLegend,
+} from '../../data/satelliteClass.js';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { ISS_NORAD, POINT_STYLES } from './policy.js';
+
+export function createControls({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
+  const { isExplicitLayerStateOrigin } = services.layerState;
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve the canonical point style for a satellite.
+   * @param {number} noradId NORAD catalog number.
+   * @param {string|undefined} group Catalog group tag (see CATALOG_GROUPS / 'dense').
+   * @returns {{ pixelSize: number, color: Cesium.Color, outlineColor: Cesium.Color, outlineWidth: number }}
+   */
+
+  function _pointStyleFor(noradId, group) {
+    if (noradId === ISS_NORAD) return POINT_STYLES.iss;
+    return POINT_STYLES[group] || POINT_STYLES.visual;
+  }
+
+  /** Tell the manager to re-render this layer's row (chip state / legend counts). */
+
+  function _notifyRowControls() {
+    try {
+      layerState._rowControlsListener?.();
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.warn('[Data:Satellites] row-controls listener failed:', error);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Per-class tally for the row legend, cached against the catalog revision.
+   * Without the cache this scans ~10.7k entries in dense mode on every panel
+   * refresh, and any layer polling on the 1s stats timer refreshes the panel.
+   * @returns {Record<string, number>} Class key → count.
+   */
+
+  function _classTally() {
+    if (
+      layerState._classTallyCache.counts &&
+      layerState._classTallyCache.revision === layerState._catalogRevision
+    ) {
+      return layerState._classTallyCache.counts;
+    }
+    const entries = [];
+    // Pass the ISS flag, not just the group: during a stations-feed outage the
+    // ISS is ingested as `visual`, and the legend must file it exactly where its
+    // card does (STATION) rather than letting STATION vanish from the legend.
+    for (const [noradId, sat] of layerState._catalog) {
+      entries.push({ group: sat.group, isIss: noradId === ISS_NORAD });
+    }
+    const counts = tallySatelliteClasses(entries);
+    layerState._classTallyCache = {
+      revision: layerState._catalogRevision,
+      counts,
+    };
+    return counts;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Satellite preferences may be restored while the layer is disabled (for
+   * example, when Space Missions releases its dependency). Preferences must not
+   * revive render primitives until the layer is explicitly enabled again.
+   * @param {boolean} layerEnabled Whether the Satellite layer is enabled.
+   * @param {boolean} requestedVisible Whether the current presentation requests visibility.
+   * @returns {boolean} Whether a primitive should be visible now.
+   */
+
+  function satelliteVisualsVisible(layerEnabled, requestedVisible) {
+    return Boolean(layerEnabled) && Boolean(requestedVisible);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Decide whether a valid catalog request represents a real mode transition.
+   * Reapplying an already-active mode must not restart the dense TLE load.
+   * @param {'core'|'dense'} currentCatalog Current catalog mode.
+   * @param {string|undefined} requestedCatalog Requested catalog mode.
+   * @returns {boolean} Whether the catalog mode should change.
+   */
+
+  function satelliteCatalogModeChanged(currentCatalog, requestedCatalog) {
+    return (
+      (requestedCatalog === 'core' || requestedCatalog === 'dense') &&
+      requestedCatalog !== currentCatalog
+    );
+  }
+  const methods = {
+    id: 'satellites',
+
+    name: 'Satellites',
+
+    icon: '🛰️',
+
+    source: 'CelesTrak',
+
+    updateInterval: 0,
+    // We use preRender for real-time updates, not interval polling
+    refreshInterval: 5 * 60 * 1000,
+
+    getDetectableObjects(options = {}) {
+      if (!layerState._pointCollection || !layerState._pointCollection.show)
+        return [];
+      // Dense extras are points-only: excluded from the detection overlay.
+      const eligibleCount = Math.max(
+        1,
+        layerState._points.size - layerState._denseIds.length,
+      );
+      const maxCount = Number.isFinite(options.maxCount)
+        ? Math.max(1, Math.floor(options.maxCount))
+        : eligibleCount;
+      const seed = Number.isFinite(options.seed) ? Math.floor(options.seed) : 0;
+      const stride = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(eligibleCount / maxCount));
+      const start = seed % stride;
+
+      const result = [];
+      let idx = 0;
+      for (const [noradId, point] of layerState._points) {
+        if (
+          layerState._denseIds.length > 0 &&
+          layerState._catalog.get(noradId)?.group === 'dense'
+        )
+          continue;
+        const shouldTake = (idx - start) % stride === 0;
+        idx++;
+        if (!shouldTake) continue;
+        if (!point.position) continue;
+        const isTracked = noradId === layerState._trackedNorad;
+        // A docked companion sits at the tracked subject's own position, so its
+        // mark and label would stack underneath the tracked card. It is listed on
+        // that card instead. Only members of the tracked cluster are affected —
+        // unrelated nearby satellites are never suppressed.
+        if (!isTracked && layerState._dockedCompanions.has(noradId)) continue;
+        const cat = layerState._catalog.get(noradId);
+        let object = layerState._detectionObjects.get(noradId);
+        if (!object) {
+          object = {
+            sourceId: noradId,
+            id: cat?.name || `SAT-${noradId}`,
+            type: 'SAT',
+            // Human class ("NAV · GPS"), not the raw CelesTrak tag ("GPS-OPS").
+            // The detection canvas composites ABOVE the post-FX chain, so this
+            // is how class survives NVG/FLIR once the dot colors are collapsed.
+            klass: satelliteClassLabel(cat?.group, {
+              isIss: noradId === ISS_NORAD,
+            }),
+          };
+          layerState._detectionObjects.set(noradId, object);
+        }
+        object.position = point.position;
+        object.skipLabel = isTracked;
+        result.push(object);
+        if (result.length >= maxCount) break;
+      }
+      return result;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Find a satellite by exact NORAD id (numeric string) or case-insensitive
+     * name substring. Position is freshly propagated via SGP4.
+     * @param {string|number} query NORAD id or partial name.
+     * @returns {{ noradId: number, name: string, position: Cesium.Cartesian3, latitude: number, longitude: number, altitudeM: number }|null}
+     */
+    findByQuery(query) {
+      if (
+        query === null ||
+        query === undefined ||
+        !layerState._catalog ||
+        layerState._catalog.size === 0
+      )
+        return null;
+      const q = String(query).trim();
+      if (!q) return null;
+
+      let noradId = null;
+      if (/^\d+$/.test(q) && layerState._catalog.has(Number(q))) {
+        noradId = Number(q);
+      } else {
+        const lower = q.toLowerCase();
+        for (const [id, sat] of layerState._catalog) {
+          if (sat.name.toLowerCase().includes(lower)) {
+            noradId = id;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (noradId === null) return null;
+
+      const sat = layerState._catalog.get(noradId);
+      const pos = parts.orbits.propagatePosition(sat.satrec, new Date());
+      if (!pos) return null;
+
+      return {
+        noradId,
+        name: sat.name.trim(),
+        position: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+          pos.longitude,
+          pos.latitude,
+          pos.altitude,
+        ),
+        latitude: pos.latitude,
+        longitude: pos.longitude,
+        altitudeM: pos.altitude,
+      };
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Get positions of currently rendered satellites from per-point state
+     * (no SGP4 re-propagation).
+     * @param {number} [maxCount=300] Maximum entries to return.
+     * @returns {Array<{ id: number, label: string, position: Cesium.Cartesian3, latitude: number, longitude: number, altitudeM: number }>}
+     */
+    getAllPositions(maxCount = 300) {
+      const result = [];
+      if (!layerState._points || layerState._points.size === 0) return result;
+      const cap =
+        Number.isFinite(maxCount) && maxCount > 0 ? Math.floor(maxCount) : 300;
+
+      for (const [noradId, point] of layerState._points) {
+        if (result.length >= cap) break;
+        if (!point.position) continue;
+        // Dense extras are points-only — keep voice/framing lists to the core catalog.
+        if (
+          layerState._denseIds.length > 0 &&
+          layerState._catalog.get(noradId)?.group === 'dense'
+        )
+          continue;
+        const carto = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(point.position);
+        if (!carto) continue;
+        const sat = layerState._catalog.get(noradId);
+        result.push({
+          id: noradId,
+          label: sat ? sat.name.trim() : String(noradId),
+          position: point.position,
+          latitude: Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.latitude),
+          longitude: Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.longitude),
+          altitudeM: carto.height,
+        });
+      }
+      return result;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Track a satellite by NORAD id (camera follow + orbit path + highlight),
+     * same path as clicking its point.
+     * @param {string|number} noradId NORAD catalog number.
+     * @returns {boolean} True if tracking started.
+     */
+    trackById(noradId, { origin = 'programmatic' } = {}) {
+      const id = Number(noradId);
+      if (
+        !Number.isFinite(id) ||
+        !layerState._viewer ||
+        !layerState._catalog.has(id) ||
+        !layerState._points.has(id)
+      )
+        return false;
+      parts.tracking._cancelPendingTrackingRestore();
+      parts.tracking._trackSatellite(id, { origin });
+      return layerState._trackedNorad === id;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Resolve a shared Follow target only after the applicable CelesTrak
+     * catalog has settled. A partial catalog can prove presence, never absence.
+     */
+    async resolveTrackingRestoreTarget(
+      noradId,
+      { signal = null, origin = 'share-restore' } = {},
+    ) {
+      if (signal?.aborted)
+        return {
+          status: 'cancelled',
+          reason: String(signal.reason || 'aborted'),
+        };
+      const id = parts.tracking._normalizeTrackedNorad(noradId);
+      if (id === null) return { status: 'missing', reason: 'invalid-target' };
+      const outcome = layerState._lastTrackingRefreshOutcome;
+      const found = () =>
+        layerState._catalog.has(id) && layerState._points.has(id);
+      const follow = () => {
+        if (signal?.aborted)
+          return {
+            status: 'cancelled',
+            reason: String(signal.reason || 'aborted'),
+          };
+        return this.trackById(id, { origin })
+          ? { status: 'found', refreshEpoch: outcome.epoch }
+          : {
+              status: 'source-unavailable',
+              reason: 'target-not-renderable',
+              refreshEpoch: outcome.epoch,
+            };
+      };
+
+      if (found()) return follow();
+      if (outcome.status !== 'accepted' && outcome.status !== 'partial') {
+        return {
+          status: 'source-unavailable',
+          reason: 'CelesTrak catalog unavailable',
+          refreshEpoch: outcome.epoch,
+        };
+      }
+
+      if (layerState._params.catalog === 'dense') {
+        const dense = await (layerState._denseLoadPromise ||
+          Promise.resolve({ status: 'source-unavailable' }));
+        if (signal?.aborted)
+          return {
+            status: 'cancelled',
+            reason: String(signal.reason || 'aborted'),
+          };
+        if (layerState._lastTrackingRefreshOutcome.epoch !== outcome.epoch) {
+          return { status: 'superseded', reason: 'newer-catalog-refresh' };
+        }
+        if (found()) return follow();
+        if (dense?.status !== 'ready') {
+          return {
+            status: 'source-unavailable',
+            reason: dense?.reason || 'dense catalog unavailable',
+            refreshEpoch: outcome.epoch,
+          };
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (outcome.status === 'partial') {
+        return {
+          status: 'source-unavailable',
+          reason: 'partial CelesTrak catalog cannot prove absence',
+          refreshEpoch: outcome.epoch,
+          failedGroups: [...outcome.failedGroups],
+        };
+      }
+      return {
+        status: 'missing',
+        reason: 'target-absent-from-catalog',
+        refreshEpoch: outcome.epoch,
+      };
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Stop tracking the currently tracked satellite (no-op if none).
+     * @returns {boolean} Always true.
+     */
+    stopTracking({ origin = 'programmatic' } = {}) {
+      parts.tracking._cancelPendingTrackingRestore();
+      parts.tracking._clearTracking(false, { origin });
+      return true;
+    },
+
+    cancelPendingTrackingRestore() {
+      parts.tracking._cancelPendingTrackingRestore();
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Get info about the currently tracked satellite.
+     * @returns {{ noradId: number, name: string, latitude: number, longitude: number, altitudeM: number }|null}
+     */
+    getTrackedInfo() {
+      if (
+        layerState._trackedNorad === null ||
+        !layerState._catalog.has(layerState._trackedNorad)
+      )
+        return null;
+      const sat = layerState._catalog.get(layerState._trackedNorad);
+      // Per-frame cache (WS-D2) — same epoch as the dot/label/camera this frame.
+      const pos = parts.tracking._getTrackedFramePosition();
+      if (!pos) return null;
+      return {
+        noradId: layerState._trackedNorad,
+        name: sat.name.trim(),
+        latitude: pos.latitude,
+        longitude: pos.longitude,
+        altitudeM: pos.altitude,
+      };
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Runtime params (DataLayerManager.setLayerParams path).
+     * catalog: 'core' (default, ~840 sats) | 'dense' (adds the Starlink shell
+     * as points-only extras on a relaxed propagation budget).
+     * @param {{ catalog?: 'core'|'dense', showPoints?: boolean, showOrbits?: boolean, selectedSatTrackingId?: number|null }} [params]
+     */
+    setParams(params = {}, { origin = 'programmatic' } = {}) {
+      if (
+        isExplicitLayerStateOrigin(origin) &&
+        !Object.hasOwn(params, 'selectedSatTrackingId')
+      ) {
+        parts.tracking._cancelPendingTrackingRestore();
+      }
+      const catalog = params.catalog;
+      if (catalog !== undefined && catalog !== 'core' && catalog !== 'dense')
+        return false;
+      const catalogChanged = satelliteCatalogModeChanged(
+        layerState._params.catalog,
+        catalog,
+      );
+      if (catalogChanged) {
+        layerState._params.catalog = catalog;
+      }
+      if (params.showPoints !== undefined) {
+        layerState._params.showPoints = params.showPoints !== false;
+        if (layerState._pointCollection)
+          layerState._pointCollection.show = satelliteVisualsVisible(
+            layerState._enabled,
+            layerState._params.showPoints,
+          );
+      }
+      if (params.showOrbits !== undefined) {
+        layerState._params.showOrbits = params.showOrbits !== false;
+        for (const path of layerState._orbitPaths.values())
+          path.primitive.show = satelliteVisualsVisible(
+            layerState._enabled,
+            layerState._params.showOrbits,
+          );
+        parts.labels._syncIssOverlay();
+      }
+      if (catalogChanged && catalog === 'dense') {
+        layerState._denseLoadPromise = parts.catalog._loadDenseCatalog();
+      } else if (catalog === 'core') {
+        if (catalogChanged) parts.catalog._removeDenseCatalog();
+        // Any explicit request for core clears the error, even when the mode did
+        // NOT change: a failed dense load already reverted the param to core, so
+        // a Space Missions restore of an already-core snapshot would otherwise
+        // leave the user staring at a DENSE ✕ they never caused.
+        layerState._denseStatus = 'idle';
+        layerState._denseError = null;
+      }
+      if (catalogChanged)
+        console.log(`[Data:Satellites] Catalog mode: ${catalog}`);
+      if (Object.hasOwn(params, 'selectedSatTrackingId')) {
+        const requested = parts.tracking._normalizeTrackedNorad(
+          params.selectedSatTrackingId,
+        );
+        if (requested === layerState._trackedNorad) {
+          layerState._pendingTrackingRestore = null;
+        } else if (requested === null) {
+          parts.tracking._cancelPendingTrackingRestore();
+          if (layerState._trackedNorad !== null)
+            parts.tracking._clearTracking(false, { origin });
+        } else {
+          const generation = ++layerState._trackingIntentGeneration;
+          layerState._pendingTrackingRestore = {
+            id: requested,
+            generation,
+            origin,
+          };
+          if (layerState._trackedNorad !== null)
+            parts.tracking._clearTracking(false, { origin });
+          parts.tracking._applyPendingTrackingRestore();
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    },
+
+    /** @returns {{ catalog: string }} Current runtime params. */
+    getParams() {
+      return {
+        catalog: layerState._params.catalog,
+        showPoints: layerState._params.showPoints,
+        showOrbits: layerState._params.showOrbits,
+        selectedSatTrackingId: layerState._trackedNorad,
+      };
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Layer-row sub-controls (DataLayerManager row-controls contract): the DENSE
+     * catalog chip plus a class legend so the point colors are learnable without
+     * a new panel.
+     *
+     * The chip is stateless — it declares the params to apply and the manager
+     * owns the write, so the Space Missions snapshot/restore path (which drives
+     * the same `catalog` param) stays the single source of truth and the chip
+     * always renders whatever the layer actually has.
+     *
+     * The chip reports the dense LOAD state, not the catalog param: the param
+     * flips synchronously while the Starlink shell takes seconds to arrive and
+     * frequently 502s, so ACTIVE means "dense points are on screen" and nothing
+     * less. The legend tally is cached against the catalog revision.
+     * @returns {{ chips: Array<object>, legend: Array<object> }} Row controls.
+     */
+    getRowControls() {
+      // A dependency owner (Space Missions) borrows this layer for TLE lookup
+      // with showPoints:false. Nothing is rendered, so a legend would describe an
+      // empty sky and a chip write would be silently reverted by that owner's
+      // restore. Surrender the row rather than lie about it.
+      if (!layerState._params.showPoints) return { chips: [], legend: [] };
+
+      const loading = layerState._denseStatus === 'loading';
+      const failed = layerState._denseStatus === 'failed';
+      const active =
+        layerState._params.catalog === 'dense' &&
+        layerState._denseStatus === 'ready';
+      let title =
+        'Add the full Starlink broadband shell (thousands of extra points)';
+      if (loading) title = 'Loading the Starlink shell…';
+      else if (failed)
+        title = `Starlink ${layerState._denseError || 'load failed'} — click to retry`;
+      else if (active)
+        title =
+          'Showing the full Starlink shell — click for the core catalog only';
+      return {
+        chips: [
+          {
+            id: 'catalog',
+            label: loading ? 'DENSE ···' : failed ? 'DENSE ✕' : 'DENSE',
+            active,
+            busy: loading,
+            disabled: loading,
+            state: loading
+              ? 'loading'
+              : failed
+                ? 'error'
+                : active
+                  ? 'active'
+                  : 'idle',
+            title,
+            params: { catalog: active ? 'core' : 'dense' },
+          },
+        ],
+        legend: satelliteClassLegend(_classTally()),
+      };
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Install the manager's "row controls changed" callback. The dense load is
+     * asynchronous, so completion and failure have to push a re-render — nothing
+     * else would repaint this row before the 5-minute catalog refresh.
+     * @param {(() => void)|null} listener Callback, or null to detach.
+     */
+    setRowControlsListener(listener) {
+      layerState._rowControlsListener =
+        typeof listener === 'function' ? listener : null;
+    },
+
+    getStats() {
+      return {
+        count: layerState._count,
+        lastUpdate: layerState._lastUpdate,
+        stale: false,
+        status:
+          layerState._lastError === 'CelesTrak unreachable'
+            ? 'unavailable'
+            : layerState._lastError
+              ? 'degraded'
+              : 'nominal',
+        error: layerState._lastError,
+      };
+    },
+  };
+
+  return {
+    _pointStyleFor,
+    _notifyRowControls,
+    _classTally,
+    satelliteVisualsVisible,
+    satelliteCatalogModeChanged,
+    methods,
+  };
+}

src/layers/satellites/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import { createControls } from './controls.js';
+import { createCatalog } from './catalog.js';
+import { createLabels } from './labels.js';
+import { createOrbits } from './orbits.js';
+import { createRendering } from './rendering.js';
+import { createTracking } from './tracking.js';
+import { createTesting } from './testing.js';
+import { createInteraction } from './interaction.js';
+import { createLifecycle } from './lifecycle.js';
+import { createIngestion } from './ingestion.js';
+import { createState } from './state.js';
+
+/** Construct one layer with its own scene state and supplied application services. */
+export function createSatellitesLayer({ services, source }) {
+  if (typeof source?.readGroup !== 'function')
+    throw new TypeError('A satellites source is required');
+  const state = createState({ services });
+  const parts = {};
+  const context = { state, services, parts, source };
+  parts.controls = createControls(context);
+  parts.catalog = createCatalog(context);
+  parts.labels = createLabels(context);
+  parts.orbits = createOrbits(context);
+  parts.rendering = createRendering(context);
+  parts.tracking = createTracking(context);
+  parts.testing = createTesting(context);
+  parts.interaction = createInteraction(context);
+  parts.lifecycle = createLifecycle(context);
+  parts.ingestion = createIngestion(context);
+  return Object.assign(
+    {},
+    parts.controls.methods,
+    parts.lifecycle.methods,
+    parts.ingestion.methods,
+    {
+      satelliteVisualsVisible: parts.controls.satelliteVisualsVisible,
+      satelliteCatalogModeChanged: parts.controls.satelliteCatalogModeChanged,
+      createIssOverlayEntry: parts.labels.createIssOverlayEntry,
+      orbitFrameModelMatrix: parts.orbits.orbitFrameModelMatrix,
+      _setTrackedSatelliteRefreshStateForTest:
+        parts.testing._setTrackedSatelliteRefreshStateForTest,
+      _setSatelliteTrackingRefreshOutcomeForTest:
+        parts.testing._setSatelliteTrackingRefreshOutcomeForTest,
+      _trackedFrameCartesianForTest:
+        parts.testing._trackedFrameCartesianForTest,
+      _runSatellitePreRenderForTest:
+        parts.testing._runSatellitePreRenderForTest,
+      _setDenseCatalogStateForTest: parts.testing._setDenseCatalogStateForTest,
+      _clearDenseCatalogStateForTest:
+        parts.testing._clearDenseCatalogStateForTest,
+      _catalogGroupForTest: parts.testing._catalogGroupForTest,
+      _setSatelliteLabelLifecycleStateForTest:
+        parts.testing._setSatelliteLabelLifecycleStateForTest,
+      _trackIssForTest: parts.testing._trackIssForTest,
+      _pendingSatelliteTrackingRestoreForTest:
+        parts.testing._pendingSatelliteTrackingRestoreForTest,
+      _applyPendingSatelliteTrackingRestoreForTest:
+        parts.testing._applyPendingSatelliteTrackingRestoreForTest,
+      _removeSatelliteTrackingCandidateForTest:
+        parts.testing._removeSatelliteTrackingCandidateForTest,
+      _clearSatelliteLabelLifecycleForTest:
+        parts.testing._clearSatelliteLabelLifecycleForTest,
+      applySatellitePointFocusDeemphasis:
+        parts.rendering.applySatellitePointFocusDeemphasis,
+      getNextIssPass: parts.orbits.getNextIssPass,
+      scoreSatelliteNameMatch: parts.orbits.scoreSatelliteNameMatch,
+      findSatelliteOrbitTrackInTle: parts.orbits.findSatelliteOrbitTrackInTle,
+      getSatelliteOrbitTrack: parts.orbits.getSatelliteOrbitTrack,
+    },
+  );
+}
+export { ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID, ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_OPTIONS } from './policy.js';
+export { createSatelliteSource } from './source.js';

src/layers/satellites/ingestion.js

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+import { twoline2satrec } from 'satellite.js';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { CATALOG_GROUPS, ISS_NORAD, POINT_STYLES } from './policy.js';
+
+export function createIngestion({
+  state: layerState,
+  services,
+  parts,
+  source,
+}) {
+  const methods = {
+    async update(viewer, { signal = null } = {}) {
+      const trackingRefreshEpoch = ++layerState._trackingRefreshEpoch;
+      layerState._lastTrackingRefreshOutcome = {
+        epoch: trackingRefreshEpoch,
+        status: 'source-unavailable',
+        failedGroups: [],
+      };
+      const resourceController = new AbortController();
+      layerState._activeUpdateControllers.add(resourceController);
+      const updateSignal = signal
+        ? AbortSignal.any([signal, resourceController.signal])
+        : resourceController.signal;
+      try {
+        updateSignal.throwIfAborted();
+        // Load all core groups in parallel; a failed/empty group degrades
+        // gracefully (parseTLE of an upstream error body yields []).
+        const results = await Promise.all(
+          CATALOG_GROUPS.map(async (groupDef) => {
+            try {
+              const res = await source.readGroup(groupDef.path, {
+                signal: updateSignal,
+              });
+              if (!res.ok) return { ...groupDef, entries: [], ok: false };
+              const entries = parts.orbits.parseTLE(res.text);
+              updateSignal.throwIfAborted();
+              return { ...groupDef, entries, ok: entries.length > 0 };
+            } catch (error) {
+              if (updateSignal.aborted || error?.name === 'AbortError')
+                throw error;
+              return { ...groupDef, entries: [], ok: false };
+            }
+          }),
+        );
+        updateSignal.throwIfAborted();
+
+        const failed = results.filter((r) => !r.ok).map((r) => r.path);
+        if (failed.length > 0) {
+          console.warn(
+            `[Data:Satellites] Groups failed or empty: ${failed.join(', ')}`,
+          );
+        }
+        console.log(
+          `[Data:Satellites] Loaded ${results.map((r) => `${r.tag}:${r.entries.length}`).join(' ')}`,
+        );
+
+        // CelesTrak outage guard (H3): if EVERY group failed, bail BEFORE clearing.
+        // Wiping the collection + catalog here would blank all 838 satellites while
+        // the chip still read "just now". Keep the existing (stale) catalog on
+        // screen and surface the outage instead — do NOT stamp _lastUpdate.
+        if (results.every((r) => !r.ok)) {
+          layerState._lastError = 'CelesTrak unreachable';
+          console.warn(
+            '[Data:Satellites] All CelesTrak groups failed — keeping existing catalog, surfacing outage',
+          );
+          // Re-apply dense mode is skipped (no fresh core catalog); tracking untouched.
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // At least one group loaded — proceed with a fresh rebuild, but keep the
+        // partial outage visible at the layer control instead of presenting the
+        // reduced catalog as a fully healthy refresh.
+        layerState._lastError = failed.length
+          ? `${failed.length} CelesTrak group${failed.length === 1 ? '' : 's'} unavailable`
+          : null;
+
+        // Clear existing
+        layerState._pointCollection.removeAll();
+        layerState._points.clear();
+        for (const path of layerState._orbitPaths.values())
+          viewer.scene.primitives.remove(path.primitive);
+        layerState._orbitPaths.clear();
+        layerState._catalog.clear();
+        // The detection overlay caches one record per satellite and stamps its
+        // id/class at creation only. A rebuild can re-tag a satellite (a failed
+        // group shifts which one wins dedupe), so the cache must go with the
+        // catalog or those labels stay stale for the life of the session.
+        layerState._detectionObjects.clear();
+        layerState._denseIds = [];
+        layerState._denseCursor = 0;
+        layerState._denseLoadController?.abort();
+        layerState._denseLoadController = null;
+        layerState._denseLoadToken++; // cancel any in-flight dense load against the old catalog
+        parts.labels._syncIssOverlay();
+
+        const now = new Date();
+
+        // Process all TLE entries in CATALOG_GROUPS order
+        const allEntries = [];
+        for (const r of results) {
+          for (const e of r.entries) allEntries.push({ ...e, group: r.tag });
+        }
+
+        // Deduplicate by NORAD ID — first (most specific) group tag wins
+        const seen = new Set();
+
+        for (const entry of allEntries) {
+          const satrec = twoline2satrec(entry.line1, entry.line2);
+          if (!satrec || satrec.error !== 0) continue;
+
+          const noradId = Number(satrec.satnum);
+          if (seen.has(noradId)) continue;
+          seen.add(noradId);
+
+          // Store in catalog
+          layerState._catalog.set(noradId, {
+            name: entry.name,
+            satrec,
+            group: entry.group,
+          });
+
+          // Propagate initial position
+          const pos = parts.orbits.propagatePosition(satrec, now);
+          if (!pos) continue;
+
+          const cartesian = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+            pos.longitude,
+            pos.latitude,
+            pos.altitude,
+          );
+
+          // Add point primitive (styling from the shared table, WS-D3)
+          const style = parts.controls._pointStyleFor(noradId, entry.group);
+          const point = layerState._pointCollection.add({
+            position: cartesian,
+            pixelSize: style.pixelSize,
+            color: style.color,
+            outlineColor: style.outlineColor,
+            outlineWidth: style.outlineWidth,
+            scaleByDistance: new Cesium.NearFarScalar(1e6, 1.5, 2e7, 0.6),
+            id: noradId,
+          });
+
+          layerState._points.set(noradId, point);
+        }
+
+        // Show ISS orbital path by default
+        if (layerState._catalog.has(ISS_NORAD)) {
+          parts.rendering._showOrbitPath(ISS_NORAD, POINT_STYLES.iss.color);
+          const issPath = layerState._orbitPaths.get(ISS_NORAD);
+          if (issPath) issPath.primitive.show = layerState._params.showOrbits;
+
+          parts.labels._syncIssOverlay();
+        }
+
+        layerState._count = layerState._points.size;
+        layerState._catalogRevision++;
+        layerState._lastUpdate = Date.now();
+        layerState._lastPropagation = Date.now();
+        layerState._lastTrackingRefreshOutcome = {
+          epoch: trackingRefreshEpoch,
+          status: failed.length ? 'partial' : 'accepted',
+          failedGroups: [...failed],
+        };
+        console.log(
+          `[Data:Satellites] ${layerState._count} satellites active, ISS path shown`,
+        );
+
+        // Re-apply dense mode after a full catalog rebuild (fire-and-forget —
+        // _loadDenseCatalog handles its own errors and token invalidation).
+        layerState._denseLoadPromise =
+          layerState._params.catalog === 'dense'
+            ? parts.catalog._loadDenseCatalog({ signal: updateSignal })
+            : Promise.resolve({ status: 'not-requested' });
+        // The catalog the published voice subject was resolved against is gone.
+        // Re-resolve it, or release the slot if the subject provably did not
+        // survive. Deliberately not awaited: it waits on dense settlement, and
+        // the rebuild must not block on that.
+        void parts.tracking._reconcileTrackedSubjectContext();
+        parts.tracking._applyPendingTrackingRestore();
+      } catch (e) {
+        if (updateSignal.aborted || e?.name === 'AbortError') {
+          throw new DOMException('Satellite update aborted', 'AbortError');
+        }
+        console.warn('[Data:Satellites] Fetch error:', e);
+      } finally {
+        layerState._activeUpdateControllers.delete(resourceController);
+      }
+    },
+  };
+
+  return { methods };
+}

src/layers/satellites/interaction.js

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+
+export function createInteraction({
+  state: layerState,
+  services,
+  parts,
+  source,
+}) {
+  const { resolvePickId, isOwnedByOtherLayer } = services.picking;
+
+  function _onKeyDown(e) {
+    if (layerState._enabled && e.key === 'Escape' && layerState._trackedNorad) {
+      parts.tracking._cancelPendingTrackingRestore();
+      parts.tracking._clearTracking(false, { origin: 'user' });
+    }
+  }
+
+  function _installClickHandler(viewer) {
+    if (layerState._clickHandler) return; // already installed
+
+    // Cross-layer untrack (H2, mirror of flights): if ANOTHER layer (flights,
+    // military, …) grabs the follow-camera, drop our tracking so the orbit ring /
+    // tracked entity don't orphan — without touching viewer.trackedEntity (the
+    // new owner controls it). Guarded so our OWN switch (viewer.trackedEntity
+    // briefly undefined mid-_trackSatellite) doesn't self-clear.
+    if (!layerState._trackedEntityChangedRemove) {
+      layerState._trackedEntityChangedRemove =
+        viewer.trackedEntityChanged.addEventListener(() => {
+          if (!layerState._enabled) return;
+          if (
+            layerState._trackedNorad &&
+            layerState._viewer &&
+            layerState._viewer.trackedEntity &&
+            layerState._viewer.trackedEntity !== layerState._trackedEntity
+          ) {
+            parts.tracking._clearTracking(true, {
+              origin:
+                layerState._viewer.trackedEntity?.gevSelectionOrigin ||
+                'programmatic',
+            });
+          }
+        });
+    }
+
+    layerState._clickHandler = new Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventHandler(
+      viewer.scene.canvas,
+    );
+    layerState._clickHandler.setInputAction((click) => {
+      if (!layerState._enabled) return;
+      const picked = viewer.scene.pick(click.position);
+
+      if (picked) {
+        // Clicking tracked entity itself — ignore
+        if (picked.id === layerState._trackedEntity) return;
+
+        // Check if it's a satellite point (id is NORAD catalog number)
+        const prim = picked.primitive;
+        if (prim && prim.id != null) {
+          const noradId = Number(prim.id);
+          if (!isNaN(noradId) && layerState._catalog.has(noradId)) {
+            parts.tracking._cancelPendingTrackingRestore();
+            parts.tracking._trackSatellite(noradId, { origin: 'user' });
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // A pick that belongs to a sibling layer (plane, vessel, station, CCTV
+      // camera…) is not "empty space" — leave OUR tracking (and crucially
+      // viewer.trackedEntity, which that sibling may have JUST set) alone (H2).
+      if (picked) {
+        const pickedId = resolvePickId(picked);
+        if (pickedId && isOwnedByOtherLayer('satellites', pickedId)) return;
+      }
+
+      // Clicked empty space — deselect
+      if (layerState._trackedNorad) {
+        parts.tracking._cancelPendingTrackingRestore();
+        parts.tracking._clearTracking(false, { origin: 'user' });
+      }
+    }, Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.LEFT_CLICK);
+
+    document.addEventListener('keydown', _onKeyDown);
+  }
+  return { _onKeyDown, _installClickHandler };
+}

src/layers/satellites/labels.js

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+import {
+  ISS_NORAD,
+  DOCKED_SCAN_INTERVAL_MS,
+  DOCKED_COMPANION_RADIUS_M,
+  ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+  ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_OPTIONS,
+} from './policy.js';
+
+export function createLabels({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
+  /** Build the persistent ISS ambient label from the cached point position. */
+
+  function createIssOverlayEntry(position) {
+    return {
+      id: String(ISS_NORAD),
+      position,
+      variant: 'label',
+      title: 'ISS',
+      accent: '#ff4444',
+      priority: 1000,
+      collisionGroup: 'ambient-label',
+      paintLane: 'ambient-label',
+      interactive: false,
+      distanceScale: {
+        near: 1_000_000,
+        nearValue: 1,
+        far: 30_000_000,
+        farValue: 0.4,
+      },
+      gapPx: 14,
+      verticalOnly: true,
+      placement: 'above',
+      edgeFade: 'keyhole',
+      horizonCull: true,
+      terrainOcclusion: false,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** Cached ISS point only; never performs a fresh SGP4 propagation. */
+
+  function _issDisplayCached() {
+    return layerState._points.get(ISS_NORAD)?.position || null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Rebuild the docked-companion set for the tracked satellite.
+   * @returns {boolean} true when membership changed (callers resync presentation).
+   */
+
+  function _refreshDockedCompanions(nowMs) {
+    const trackedPosition =
+      layerState._trackedNorad === null
+        ? null
+        : parts.tracking._trackedDisplayCached();
+    if (!trackedPosition) {
+      if (layerState._dockedCompanions.size === 0) return false;
+      layerState._dockedCompanions = new Set();
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (nowMs - layerState._lastDockedScanMs < DOCKED_SCAN_INTERVAL_MS)
+      return false;
+    layerState._lastDockedScanMs = nowMs;
+    const radiusSq = DOCKED_COMPANION_RADIUS_M * DOCKED_COMPANION_RADIUS_M;
+    let changed = false;
+    let found = 0;
+    const next = new Set();
+    for (const [noradId, point] of layerState._points) {
+      if (noradId === layerState._trackedNorad || !point?.position) continue;
+      const dx = point.position.x - trackedPosition.x;
+      const dy = point.position.y - trackedPosition.y;
+      const dz = point.position.z - trackedPosition.z;
+      if (dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz > radiusSq) continue;
+      next.add(noradId);
+      found++;
+      if (!layerState._dockedCompanions.has(noradId)) changed = true;
+    }
+    if (found !== layerState._dockedCompanions.size) changed = true;
+    if (changed) layerState._dockedCompanions = next;
+    return changed;
+  }
+
+  /** Names of the docked companions, stable-sorted so the card text never churns. */
+
+  function _dockedCompanionNames() {
+    const names = [];
+    for (const noradId of layerState._dockedCompanions) {
+      names.push(
+        layerState._catalog.get(noradId)?.name?.trim() || `SAT-${noradId}`,
+      );
+    }
+    return names.sort();
+  }
+
+  /** Keep persistent ISS text mutually exclusive with the tracked host card. */
+
+  function _syncIssOverlay() {
+    // Hidden when ISS is the tracked subject, and equally when ISS is DOCKED to
+    // whatever is tracked: its ambient label would otherwise sit underneath the
+    // tracked card at the same position.
+    const visible =
+      layerState._enabled &&
+      layerState._params.showOrbits &&
+      layerState._trackedNorad !== ISS_NORAD &&
+      !layerState._dockedCompanions.has(ISS_NORAD) &&
+      layerState._catalog.has(ISS_NORAD) &&
+      _issDisplayCached();
+    if (!visible) {
+      layerState._overlayHost.clearSource(ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID);
+      layerState._overlayHost.setVisible(ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID, false);
+      return;
+    }
+    layerState._overlayHost.setEntries(
+      ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+      [createIssOverlayEntry(_issDisplayCached)],
+      ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_OPTIONS,
+    );
+    layerState._overlayHost.setVisible(ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID, true);
+  }
+  return {
+    createIssOverlayEntry,
+    _issDisplayCached,
+    _refreshDockedCompanions,
+    _dockedCompanionNames,
+    _syncIssOverlay,
+  };
+}

src/layers/satellites/lifecycle.js

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID } from './policy.js';
+
+export function createLifecycle({
+  state: layerState,
+  services,
+  parts,
+  source,
+}) {
+  const { clearFocusTarget } = services.focus;
+  const { holdContinuousRender, releaseContinuousRender } = services.render;
+  const { registerPickOwner, unregisterPickOwner } = services.picking;
+
+  const methods = {
+    // Catalog data refresh; propagation remains preRender-owned.
+
+    async init(viewer) {
+      parts.catalog._abortActiveUpdates();
+      clearFocusTarget('satellites');
+      layerState._viewer = viewer;
+      layerState._catalog = new Map();
+      layerState._points = new Map();
+      layerState._detectionObjects = new Map();
+      layerState._orbitPaths = new Map();
+      layerState._count = 0;
+      layerState._lastUpdate = null;
+      layerState._trackedNorad = null;
+      parts.tracking._cancelPendingTrackingRestore();
+      layerState._trackedEntity = null;
+      layerState._trackedFrameNumber = -1;
+      layerState._trackedFrameGeo = null;
+      layerState._trackedFrameNowForTest = null;
+      layerState._lastFocusUpdate = 0;
+      layerState._activeFocusCount = 0;
+      layerState._enabled = false;
+      layerState._overlayHost.clearSource(ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID);
+      layerState._overlayHost.setVisible(ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID, false);
+      // Dense extras rebuild via update() when _params.catalog === 'dense'
+      // (the catalog-mode preference itself is sticky across init/destroy).
+      layerState._denseIds = [];
+      layerState._denseCursor = 0;
+      layerState._denseLoadPromise = null;
+      layerState._denseLoadToken++;
+      layerState._denseStatus = 'idle';
+      layerState._denseError = null;
+      layerState._catalogRevision++;
+
+      // Point primitives for satellite dots
+      layerState._pointCollection = new Cesium.PointPrimitiveCollection();
+      viewer.scene.primitives.add(layerState._pointCollection);
+
+      parts.interaction._installClickHandler(viewer);
+
+      // Pre-render listener for real-time position updates
+      // (fleet propagation + tracked per-frame dot + orbit ring GMST rotation)
+      layerState._preRenderListener = viewer.scene.preRender.addEventListener(
+        parts.rendering._preRenderTick,
+      );
+
+      console.log('[Data:Satellites] Initialized');
+    },
+
+    enable(viewer) {
+      layerState._enabled = true;
+      holdContinuousRender('satellites'); // per-frame animator (perf wave 2)
+      if (layerState._pointCollection)
+        layerState._pointCollection.show =
+          parts.controls.satelliteVisualsVisible(
+            layerState._enabled,
+            layerState._params.showPoints,
+          );
+      // Orbit ring primitives + persistent ISS host label — show them
+      for (const path of layerState._orbitPaths.values())
+        path.primitive.show = parts.controls.satelliteVisualsVisible(
+          layerState._enabled,
+          layerState._params.showOrbits,
+        );
+      parts.labels._syncIssOverlay();
+      // Re-attach input handlers and preRender propagation
+      parts.interaction._installClickHandler(viewer);
+      // Pick-ownership (H2): satellite dot ids are numeric NORAD catalog numbers;
+      // the registry hands predicates String()-coerced ids, so match via Number().
+      registerPickOwner('satellites', (pickedId) => {
+        const norad = Number(pickedId);
+        return Number.isFinite(norad) && layerState._points.has(norad);
+      });
+      if (!layerState._preRenderListener && viewer) {
+        layerState._preRenderListener = viewer.scene.preRender.addEventListener(
+          parts.rendering._preRenderTick,
+        );
+      }
+      parts.tracking._applyPendingTrackingRestore();
+    },
+
+    disable(viewer) {
+      parts.catalog._abortActiveUpdates();
+      parts.tracking._cancelPendingTrackingRestore();
+      layerState._enabled = false;
+      releaseContinuousRender('satellites');
+      if (layerState._pointCollection) layerState._pointCollection.show = false;
+      for (const path of layerState._orbitPaths.values())
+        path.primitive.show = false;
+      parts.tracking._clearTracking();
+      parts.labels._syncIssOverlay();
+      // Remove click handler + keydown listener + preRender propagation while disabled
+      if (layerState._clickHandler) {
+        layerState._clickHandler.destroy();
+        layerState._clickHandler = null;
+      }
+      if (layerState._trackedEntityChangedRemove) {
+        layerState._trackedEntityChangedRemove();
+        layerState._trackedEntityChangedRemove = null;
+      }
+      document.removeEventListener('keydown', parts.interaction._onKeyDown);
+      unregisterPickOwner('satellites');
+      if (layerState._preRenderListener) {
+        layerState._preRenderListener();
+        layerState._preRenderListener = null;
+      }
+    },
+
+    destroy(viewer) {
+      parts.catalog._abortActiveUpdates();
+      releaseContinuousRender('satellites'); // direct-destroy path (perf wave 2 fix)
+      layerState._enabled = false;
+      parts.tracking._clearTracking();
+      parts.tracking._cancelPendingTrackingRestore();
+      if (layerState._clickHandler) {
+        layerState._clickHandler.destroy();
+        layerState._clickHandler = null;
+      }
+      if (layerState._trackedEntityChangedRemove) {
+        layerState._trackedEntityChangedRemove();
+        layerState._trackedEntityChangedRemove = null;
+      }
+      document.removeEventListener('keydown', parts.interaction._onKeyDown);
+      unregisterPickOwner('satellites');
+      if (layerState._preRenderListener) {
+        layerState._preRenderListener();
+        layerState._preRenderListener = null;
+      }
+      layerState._overlayHost.clearSource(ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID);
+      layerState._overlayHost.setVisible(ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID, false);
+      if (layerState._pointCollection) {
+        viewer.scene.primitives.remove(layerState._pointCollection);
+        layerState._pointCollection = null;
+      }
+      // Orbit ring primitives are removed (and destroyed) here
+      for (const path of layerState._orbitPaths.values()) {
+        viewer.scene.primitives.remove(path.primitive);
+      }
+      layerState._points.clear();
+      layerState._detectionObjects.clear();
+      layerState._orbitPaths.clear();
+      layerState._catalog.clear();
+      layerState._denseIds = [];
+      layerState._denseCursor = 0;
+      layerState._denseLoadToken++;
+      layerState._denseStatus = 'idle';
+      layerState._denseError = null;
+      layerState._catalogRevision++;
+      layerState._rowControlsListener = null;
+      layerState._count = 0;
+      layerState._lastUpdate = null;
+      layerState._lastError = null;
+      layerState._lastFocusUpdate = 0;
+      layerState._activeFocusCount = 0;
+      layerState._trackingRefreshEpoch += 1;
+      layerState._lastTrackingRefreshOutcome = {
+        epoch: layerState._trackingRefreshEpoch,
+        status: 'destroyed',
+        failedGroups: [],
+      };
+      layerState._viewer = null;
+    },
+  };
+
+  return { methods };
+}

src/layers/satellites/orbits.js

@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import {
+  gstime,
+  propagate,
+  eciToGeodetic,
+  degreesLong,
+  degreesLat,
+  twoline2satrec,
+} from 'satellite.js';
+import { findNextIssPass } from '../../data/issPass.js';
+import { ORBIT_PATH_STEPS, ISS_NORAD } from './policy.js';
+
+export function createOrbits({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
+  /**
+   * Build the rigid ECEF transform that keeps an orbit path baked at one GMST
+   * aligned with live SGP4 positions propagated at another epoch.
+   * @param {number} gmstAtBake GMST used when the path positions were baked.
+   * @param {Date} nowDate Epoch whose rotating-Earth frame should be displayed.
+   * @param {Cesium.Matrix4} [result] Optional matrix to update in place.
+   * @returns {Cesium.Matrix4} Z-rotation from bake-time ECEF to current ECEF.
+   */
+
+  function orbitFrameModelMatrix(
+    gmstAtBake,
+    nowDate,
+    result = new Cesium.Matrix4(),
+  ) {
+    const deltaGmst = gstime(nowDate) - gmstAtBake;
+    const rotation = Cesium.Matrix3.fromRotationZ(
+      -deltaGmst,
+      layerState._scratchRingRotation,
+    );
+    return Cesium.Matrix4.fromRotationTranslation(
+      rotation,
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.ZERO,
+      result,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse TLE text into array of { name, line1, line2 } objects.
+   */
+
+  function parseTLE(text) {
+    const lines = text
+      .trim()
+      .split('\n')
+      .map((l) => l.trim())
+      .filter((l) => l.length > 0);
+    const result = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < lines.length - 2; i += 3) {
+      const name = lines[i];
+      const line1 = lines[i + 1];
+      const line2 = lines[i + 2];
+      if (line1.startsWith('1 ') && line2.startsWith('2 ')) {
+        result.push({ name, line1, line2 });
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Propagate satellite position at a given JS Date.
+   * Returns geodetic position plus inertial speed from the same SGP4 propagation
+   * epoch, or null on error.
+   */
+
+  function propagatePosition(satrec, date) {
+    try {
+      const posVel = propagate(satrec, date);
+      if (!posVel.position || typeof posVel.position === 'boolean') return null;
+
+      const gmst = gstime(date);
+      const geo = eciToGeodetic(posVel.position, gmst);
+      const velocity =
+        posVel.velocity && typeof posVel.velocity !== 'boolean'
+          ? posVel.velocity
+          : null;
+      const speedMps = velocity
+        ? Math.hypot(velocity.x, velocity.y, velocity.z) * 1000
+        : null;
+
+      return {
+        longitude: degreesLong(geo.longitude),
+        latitude: degreesLat(geo.latitude),
+        altitude: geo.height * 1000, // km → meters
+        speedMps: Number.isFinite(speedMps) ? speedMps : null,
+      };
+    } catch {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function orbitalPeriodSeconds(satrec) {
+    const meanMotion = satrec.no * (1440 / (2 * Math.PI));
+    return 86400 / Math.max(meanMotion, 0.1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute full orbital path as array of Cartesian3 positions.
+   * Steps around one full orbit based on the satellite's mean motion.
+   */
+
+  function computeOrbitPath(satrec, referenceDate) {
+    const periodSec = orbitalPeriodSeconds(satrec);
+    const stepSec = periodSec / ORBIT_PATH_STEPS;
+
+    const positions = [];
+    const baseTime = referenceDate.getTime();
+    // Fix GMST to reference time so the orbital ring closes.
+    // Without this, Earth rotation during the orbit period (~24° for LEO)
+    // shifts the end point west of the start, leaving a visible gap.
+    const fixedGmst = gstime(referenceDate);
+
+    for (let i = 0; i <= ORBIT_PATH_STEPS; i++) {
+      const t = new Date(baseTime + i * stepSec * 1000);
+      try {
+        const posVel = propagate(satrec, t);
+        if (!posVel.position || typeof posVel.position === 'boolean') continue;
+        const geo = eciToGeodetic(posVel.position, fixedGmst);
+        positions.push(
+          Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+            degreesLong(geo.longitude),
+            degreesLat(geo.latitude),
+            geo.height * 1000,
+          ),
+        );
+      } catch {
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return positions;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Next ISS pass for an observer. Requires the catalog to have loaded (the
+   * satellites layer enabled at least once this session).
+   * @returns {{status:'no-tle'}|{status:'none'}|{status:'ok', pass:{riseMs:number,setMs:number,maxElevDeg:number,maxElevMs:number,riseAzDeg:number}}}
+   */
+
+  function getNextIssPass({ latDeg, lonDeg, minElevDeg = 10 }) {
+    const sat = layerState._catalog.get(ISS_NORAD);
+    if (!sat || !sat.satrec) return { status: 'no-tle' };
+    const pass = findNextIssPass({
+      satrec: sat.satrec,
+      latDeg,
+      lonDeg,
+      fromMs: Date.now(),
+      minElevDeg,
+    });
+    return pass ? { status: 'ok', pass } : { status: 'none' };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Score a mission-to-catalog name match. Compact identifier containment handles
+   * names such as "Sirius SXM-11" → "SXM-11", while weak generic matches such as
+   * "Starlink Group 17-40" → an arbitrary "STARLINK-1008" remain below the
+   * acceptance threshold.
+   * @param {string} query Mission or payload name.
+   * @param {string} catalogName Satellite catalog name.
+   * @returns {number} Match score; 0 means no useful relationship.
+   */
+
+  function scoreSatelliteNameMatch(query, catalogName) {
+    const q = String(query || '')
+      .trim()
+      .toLowerCase();
+    const name = String(catalogName || '')
+      .trim()
+      .toLowerCase();
+    if (!q || !name) return 0;
+    const qCompact = q.replace(/[^a-z0-9]/g, '');
+    const nameCompact = name.replace(/[^a-z0-9]/g, '');
+    if (qCompact === nameCompact) return 1000;
+    let score = 0;
+    if (
+      Math.min(qCompact.length, nameCompact.length) >= 5 &&
+      (qCompact.includes(nameCompact) || nameCompact.includes(qCompact))
+    ) {
+      score += 200 + Math.min(qCompact.length, nameCompact.length);
+    }
+    const ignored = new Set([
+      'group',
+      'block',
+      'mission',
+      'launch',
+      'falcon',
+      'rocket',
+    ]);
+    const tokens = q
+      .split(/[^a-z0-9]+/)
+      .filter((token) => token.length >= 4 && !ignored.has(token));
+    score += tokens.reduce(
+      (total, token) => total + (name.includes(token) ? token.length : 0),
+      0,
+    );
+    return score;
+  }
+
+  function internationalDesignatorYear(satrec) {
+    const match = String(satrec?.intldesg || '').match(/^(\d{2})/);
+    if (!match) return null;
+    const shortYear = Number(match[1]);
+    return shortYear >= 57 ? 1900 + shortYear : 2000 + shortYear;
+  }
+
+  function lookupTleEntries(tleText) {
+    if (tleText !== layerState._lookupTleText) {
+      layerState._lookupTleText = tleText;
+      layerState._lookupTleEntries = parseTLE(tleText);
+    }
+    return layerState._lookupTleEntries;
+  }
+
+  function tleLineLaunchYear(line1) {
+    const shortYear = Number(String(line1 || '').slice(9, 11));
+    if (!Number.isFinite(shortYear)) return null;
+    return shortYear >= 57 ? 1900 + shortYear : 2000 + shortYear;
+  }
+
+  function orbitTrackFromRecord(name, satrec) {
+    const referenceDate = new Date();
+    const current = propagatePosition(satrec, referenceDate);
+    if (!current) return null;
+    return {
+      noradId: Number(satrec.satnum),
+      name: String(name || '').trim(),
+      current,
+      periodSec: orbitalPeriodSeconds(satrec),
+      orbitPath: computeOrbitPath(satrec, referenceDate),
+      gmstAtBake: gstime(referenceDate),
+      positionAt: (date) => propagatePosition(satrec, date),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find and propagate a mission payload directly from a TLE catalog.
+   * This supports newly launched payloads that are present in CelesTrak's active
+   * feed but have not yet moved into a narrower operational group.
+   * @param {string} tleText Three-line-element catalog text.
+   * @param {string} query Mission or payload name.
+   * @param {{launchTime?: string|null}} [options] Optional launch epoch for namesake rejection.
+   * @returns {{noradId:number,name:string,current:object,periodSec:number,orbitPath:Cesium.Cartesian3[],positionAt:function(Date):object|null}|null}
+   */
+
+  function findSatelliteOrbitTrackInTle(tleText, query, options = {}) {
+    const launchYear = Number.isFinite(Date.parse(options.launchTime))
+      ? new Date(options.launchTime).getUTCFullYear()
+      : null;
+    let bestEntry = null;
+    let bestScore = 0;
+    const catalogText = String(tleText || '');
+    for (const entry of lookupTleEntries(catalogText)) {
+      const designatorYear = tleLineLaunchYear(entry.line1);
+      if (
+        launchYear !== null &&
+        designatorYear !== null &&
+        designatorYear !== launchYear
+      )
+        continue;
+      const score = scoreSatelliteNameMatch(query, entry.name);
+      if (score > bestScore) {
+        bestEntry = entry;
+        bestScore = score;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!bestEntry || bestScore < 12) return null;
+    const satrec = twoline2satrec(bestEntry.line1, bestEntry.line2);
+    if (!satrec || satrec.error !== 0) return null;
+    return orbitTrackFromRecord(bestEntry.name, satrec);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the current propagated position and one-orbit path for a catalog satellite.
+   * @param {string|number} query NORAD id or mission/payload name.
+   * @param {{launchTime?: string|null}} [options] Optional launch epoch used to reject namesakes from another launch year.
+   * @returns {{noradId:number,name:string,current:object,periodSec:number,orbitPath:Cesium.Cartesian3[],positionAt:function(Date):object|null}|null}
+   */
+
+  function getSatelliteOrbitTrack(query, options = {}) {
+    if (query === null || query === undefined || !layerState._catalog?.size)
+      return null;
+    const q = String(query).trim().toLowerCase();
+    let noradId = /^\d+$/.test(q) ? Number(q) : null;
+    if (noradId === null || !layerState._catalog.has(noradId)) {
+      noradId = null;
+      const launchYear = Number.isFinite(Date.parse(options.launchTime))
+        ? new Date(options.launchTime).getUTCFullYear()
+        : null;
+      let bestScore = 0;
+      for (const [id, sat] of layerState._catalog) {
+        const designatorYear = internationalDesignatorYear(sat.satrec);
+        if (
+          launchYear !== null &&
+          designatorYear !== null &&
+          designatorYear !== launchYear
+        )
+          continue;
+        const score = scoreSatelliteNameMatch(q, sat.name);
+        if (score > bestScore) {
+          bestScore = score;
+          noradId = id;
+        }
+      }
+      if (bestScore < 12) noradId = null;
+    }
+    if (noradId === null) return null;
+    const sat = layerState._catalog.get(noradId);
+    return orbitTrackFromRecord(sat.name, sat.satrec);
+  }
+  return {
+    orbitFrameModelMatrix,
+    parseTLE,
+    propagatePosition,
+    orbitalPeriodSeconds,
+    computeOrbitPath,
+    getNextIssPass,
+    scoreSatelliteNameMatch,
+    internationalDesignatorYear,
+    lookupTleEntries,
+    tleLineLaunchYear,
+    orbitTrackFromRecord,
+    findSatelliteOrbitTrackInTle,
+    getSatelliteOrbitTrack,
+  };
+}

src/layers/satellites/policy.js

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { satelliteClassColor } from '../../data/satelliteClass.js';
+
+/**
+ * Satellite Orbits — Real-time positions via CelesTrak TLE + SGP4 propagation.
+ *
+ * Loads six CelesTrak groups (~840 sats): stations, visual, GPS, GLONASS,
+ * Galileo, and the geosynchronous belt. Optional dense mode (setParams
+ * catalog:'dense') adds the Starlink shell as points-only extras.
+ * Renders positions via PointPrimitiveCollection, orbital paths as polylines.
+ * Click any satellite to track it with camera follow + orbital path.
+ *
+ * ISS gets special treatment: larger point, persistent host label, path shown by default.
+ */
+
+export const ISS_NORAD = 25544;
+
+export const ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID = 'satellites-iss';
+
+export const ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_OPTIONS = Object.freeze({
+  cohortLimit: 1,
+  collisionCapacity: 1,
+  moving: true,
+  solveIntervalMs: 125,
+});
+
+export const ORBIT_PATH_STEPS = 180;
+// points per orbital path
+
+export const POSITION_UPDATE_MS = 1000;
+// re-propagate every 1s (SGP4 is smooth at this rate)
+
+export const RING_ROTATION_MS = 1000;
+// re-align baked orbit rings to current GMST every 1s
+
+/**
+ * CelesTrak groups loaded as the core catalog, in dedupe-priority order:
+ * a satellite that appears in multiple groups keeps the FIRST (most specific)
+ * tag. `path` is the upstream GROUP name forwarded by the /api/celestrak
+ * proxy; `tag` is the internal group key used for POINT_STYLES lookup.
+ * Note: CelesTrak's GLONASS group is named 'glo-ops' (not
+ * 'glonass-operational' — that name 404s upstream).
+ */
+
+export const CATALOG_GROUPS = [
+  { tag: 'stations', path: 'stations' },
+  { tag: 'visual', path: 'visual' },
+  { tag: 'gps-ops', path: 'gps-ops' },
+  { tag: 'glonass', path: 'glo-ops' },
+  { tag: 'galileo', path: 'galileo' },
+  { tag: 'geo', path: 'geo' },
+];
+
+// Dense-catalog mode (setParams({ catalog: 'dense' })): Starlink shell as
+// points-only extras — no labels, no detection-overlay participation, and a
+// relaxed propagation budget (round-robin, ~1/5 of core cadence per sat).
+
+export const DENSE_GROUP_PATH = 'starlink';
+
+export const DENSE_REFRESH_FRAMES = 300;
+// full dense pass spread over ~300 frames (~5s @ 60fps)
+
+export const DENSE_CREATE_CHUNK = 1500;
+// satrec builds per macro-task while loading
+
+/**
+ * Tracked-entity camera offset, east-north-up meters (Entity.viewFrom).
+ * Magnitude ≈ 726 km — the user-validated "slightly zoomed out" framing for
+ * LEO: far enough that per-frame satellite motion doesn't stutter the camera
+ * or smear the label, with +Z biasing the view down onto the satellite.
+ * High orbits (MEO nav / GEO belt) scale this up so the ring stays in frame.
+ */
+
+export const TRACK_VIEW_FROM_LEO = new Cesium.Cartesian3(
+  -450000,
+  -450000,
+  350000,
+);
+
+export const HIGH_ORBIT_ALTITUDE_M = 2000000;
+
+export const TRACK_VIEW_FROM_HIGH_SCALE = 4;
+// ≈ 2900 km back for MEO/GEO
+
+/**
+ * Shared per-group point styling — single source of truth used by BOTH the
+ * creation site (update) and tracking restore (_clearTracking) so deselecting
+ * a satellite never loses the original palette (WS-D3).
+ *
+ * Colors come from `satelliteClass.js` so the dot, the class label on the
+ * card, and the legend swatch on the layer row can never disagree. Only
+ * pixelSize/outline live here — those encode per-group prominence, not class.
+ * Converted once at module load; per-point color is a plain primitive
+ * attribute, so classification costs nothing per frame.
+ */
+
+export const POINT_OUTLINE = Cesium.Color.WHITE.withAlpha(0.3);
+
+export const _classColor = (group) =>
+  Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString(satelliteClassColor(group));
+
+export const POINT_STYLES = {
+  // The ISS keeps its own long-standing red hero styling rather than the
+  // STATION class color: it is the object most users open this layer for, it
+  // carries a permanent name label, and its size/outline already set it apart.
+  // Its card still reads "STATION · ISS", so the class stays legible.
+  iss: {
+    pixelSize: 12,
+    color: Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString('#ff4444'),
+    outlineColor: POINT_OUTLINE,
+    outlineWidth: 2,
+  },
+  stations: {
+    pixelSize: 8,
+    color: _classColor('stations'),
+    outlineColor: POINT_OUTLINE,
+    outlineWidth: 0,
+  },
+  visual: {
+    pixelSize: 6,
+    color: _classColor('visual'),
+    outlineColor: POINT_OUTLINE,
+    outlineWidth: 0,
+  },
+  // Nav constellations (GPS / GLONASS / Galileo) resolve to one shared NAV
+  // color; 6px so the MEO shells read as clearly as the old visual group did.
+  'gps-ops': {
+    pixelSize: 6,
+    color: _classColor('gps-ops'),
+    outlineColor: POINT_OUTLINE,
+    outlineWidth: 0,
+  },
+  glonass: {
+    pixelSize: 6,
+    color: _classColor('glonass'),
+    outlineColor: POINT_OUTLINE,
+    outlineWidth: 0,
+  },
+  galileo: {
+    pixelSize: 6,
+    color: _classColor('galileo'),
+    outlineColor: POINT_OUTLINE,
+    outlineWidth: 0,
+  },
+  geo: {
+    pixelSize: 5,
+    color: _classColor('geo'),
+    outlineColor: POINT_OUTLINE,
+    outlineWidth: 0,
+  },
+  // Dense-mode extras (Starlink): dim, small, points-only.
+  dense: {
+    pixelSize: 3,
+    color: _classColor('dense').withAlpha(0.9),
+    outlineColor: POINT_OUTLINE,
+    outlineWidth: 0,
+  },
+};
+
+/**
+ * Physically DOCKED vehicles are separate real tracks sharing one position: the
+ * station and everything berthed to it sit within metres of each other. Their
+ * ambient labels therefore stack underneath the tracked card, which is what the
+ * owner saw. This radius is deliberately tight — it must catch a docked stack
+ * and nothing else, so an unrelated satellite in a similar orbit is never
+ * suppressed. Formation-flying pairs are km apart; a docked stack is ~100 m.
+ */
+
+export const DOCKED_COMPANION_RADIUS_M = 2000;
+
+/** The scan is O(points); the tracked label is rebuilt every frame, so throttle. */
+
+export const DOCKED_SCAN_INTERVAL_MS = 1000;
+
+/**
+ * Shared-context refresh interval. The tracked satellite is re-propagated
+ * every rendered frame; the voice context only needs to be current to about
+ * the propagation cadence, so this refreshes on the same 1 s beat instead of
+ * allocating a record 60 times a second.
+ */
+
+export const CONTEXT_REFRESH_INTERVAL_MS = 1000;

src/layers/satellites/rendering.js

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { gstime } from 'satellite.js';
+import { ISS_NORAD, POSITION_UPDATE_MS, RING_ROTATION_MS } from './policy.js';
+
+export function createRendering({
+  state: layerState,
+  services,
+  parts,
+  source,
+}) {
+  const {
+    focusNowMs,
+    getFocusTarget,
+    focusPassIsNeeded,
+    nearFarScalarValueAtDistance,
+    advanceSpriteFocus,
+    focusAlphaNeedsWrite,
+  } = services.focus;
+
+  /**
+   * Show orbital path for a satellite.
+   *
+   * RING FLICKER FIX: this is a one-instance Cesium.Primitive built
+   * synchronously ONCE (asynchronous: false), then re-aligned to current GMST
+   * each tick via its modelMatrix. The previous Entity-polyline approach
+   * rebuilt geometry ASYNCHRONOUSLY on every positions assignment, which made
+   * both the selected ring and the ISS ring blink once per second while the
+   * rebuild was in flight. A rigid Z-rotation needs no rebuild at all.
+   *
+   * Why not a CallbackProperty entity (dynamic mode)? Verified in Cesium
+   * 1.138 source: the dynamic polyline updater renders through a shared
+   * PolylineCollection and applies only the fill material —
+   * `depthFailMaterial` is silently dropped, losing the dimmed behind-Earth
+   * segment. The Primitive keeps it via depthFailAppearance + the per-instance
+   * depthFailColor attribute (same mechanism the entity STATIC batch uses):
+   * bright where above the horizon, dimmed where behind the globe.
+   */
+
+  function _showOrbitPath(noradId, color) {
+    if (layerState._orbitPaths.has(noradId)) return; // already showing
+
+    const sat = layerState._catalog.get(noradId);
+    if (!sat || !layerState._viewer) return;
+
+    const bakeDate = new Date();
+    const basePositions = parts.orbits.computeOrbitPath(sat.satrec, bakeDate);
+    if (basePositions.length < 2) return;
+
+    const pathColor = color || Cesium.Color.CYAN;
+
+    const primitive = new Cesium.Primitive({
+      geometryInstances: new Cesium.GeometryInstance({
+        geometry: new Cesium.PolylineGeometry({
+          positions: basePositions,
+          width: noradId === ISS_NORAD ? 2.5 : 2.0,
+          vertexFormat: Cesium.PolylineColorAppearance.VERTEX_FORMAT,
+        }),
+        attributes: {
+          color: Cesium.ColorGeometryInstanceAttribute.fromColor(
+            pathColor.withAlpha(0.6),
+          ),
+          depthFailColor: Cesium.ColorGeometryInstanceAttribute.fromColor(
+            pathColor.withAlpha(0.35),
+          ),
+        },
+      }),
+      appearance: new Cesium.PolylineColorAppearance({ translucent: true }),
+      depthFailAppearance: new Cesium.PolylineColorAppearance({
+        translucent: true,
+      }),
+      asynchronous: false, // build this frame — no async-rebuild blink window
+      allowPicking: false, // ring clicks fall through to satellites/deselect
+    });
+    layerState._viewer.scene.primitives.add(primitive);
+
+    layerState._orbitPaths.set(noradId, {
+      primitive,
+      // Same Date object as computeOrbitPath's internal fixedGmst → identical
+      // GMST value (gstime is pure), so delta starts at exactly 0 and the
+      // initial identity modelMatrix is correct until the first ring tick.
+      gmstAtBake: gstime(bakeDate),
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Rotate every baked orbit ring from its bake-time ECEF snapshot to current
+   * GMST (WS-D1). The baked ring is an inertial-frame snapshot frozen at
+   * gmstAtBake; the live dot lives in true rotating-frame ECEF, so without this
+   * the dot slides west off the ring at Earth-rotation rate (~0.25°/min).
+   *
+   * Sign derivation: a point fixed in inertial space keeps its right ascension
+   * α, so its ECEF longitude λ = α − gmst DECREASES by ΔGMST as time advances
+   * (it drifts WEST). Cesium.Matrix3.fromRotationZ(θ) rotates +X toward +Y,
+   * i.e. INCREASES longitude by θ — so we rotate the baked points by −ΔGMST.
+   * Mental check: ISS baked over Austin at t0; 10 min later Austin has rotated
+   * east under the (inertial) ring, so the ring must sit further WEST in ECEF.
+   *
+   * Wraparound: gstime returns radians in [0, 2π), so the raw difference can be
+   * off from the continuous ΔGMST — but only by exact multiples of 2π, which a
+   * rotation cannot distinguish. Tiny negative deltas right after bake are
+   * likewise harmless. No unwrapping needed.
+   *
+   * No SGP4 here — the rotation is applied as the ring primitive's modelMatrix
+   * (exact compensation; WGS84 is rotationally symmetric about Z, so rotating
+   * the baked curve rigidly equals rebaking from rotated points). modelMatrix
+   * updates are synchronous uniforms — no geometry rebuild, no flicker. Post-
+   * creation modelMatrix changes are supported for one-instance primitives in
+   * 3D mode, which these rings are. In-place mutation is safe: Primitive.update
+   * diffs modelMatrix against an internal clone.
+   * @param {Date} nowDate Epoch used for current GMST.
+   */
+
+  function _updateOrbitPathRotations(nowDate) {
+    if (layerState._orbitPaths.size === 0) return;
+
+    for (const path of layerState._orbitPaths.values()) {
+      if (!path.primitive) continue;
+      parts.orbits.orbitFrameModelMatrix(
+        path.gmstAtBake,
+        nowDate,
+        path.primitive.modelMatrix,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove orbital path for a satellite.
+   */
+
+  function _hideOrbitPath(noradId) {
+    const path = layerState._orbitPaths.get(noradId);
+    if (path) {
+      if (layerState._viewer)
+        layerState._viewer.scene.primitives.remove(path.primitive); // remove() destroys
+      layerState._orbitPaths.delete(noradId);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Propagate all CORE satellite positions and update point primitives.
+   * (~840 sats ≈ 1.6 ms/pass — fine at the 1s/200ms cadence.) Dense extras are
+   * excluded: they refresh on the round-robin budget in _propagateDenseChunk.
+   */
+
+  function _propagateAll() {
+    const now = new Date();
+    let updated = 0;
+
+    for (const [noradId, sat] of layerState._catalog) {
+      if (sat.group === 'dense') continue;
+      const pos = parts.orbits.propagatePosition(sat.satrec, now);
+      if (!pos) continue;
+
+      const cartesian = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+        pos.longitude,
+        pos.latitude,
+        pos.altitude,
+      );
+      const point = layerState._points.get(noradId);
+      if (point) {
+        point.position = cartesian;
+        updated++;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return updated;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Shared scene.preRender tick (single definition for init + enable):
+   * - core fleet propagation at 200ms-tracked / 1s-idle cadence,
+   * - dense extras on a per-frame round-robin budget,
+   * - tracked satellite's point primitive per frame (WS-D2),
+   * - orbit ring GMST re-alignment every ~1s (WS-D1).
+   */
+
+  function _preRenderTick() {
+    if (!layerState._enabled) return;
+    const now = focusNowMs(Date.now());
+
+    const interval = layerState._trackedNorad ? 200 : POSITION_UPDATE_MS;
+    // Space Missions keeps this layer enabled for TLE lookup while deliberately
+    // hiding its standalone fleet. Do not rebuild hidden point buffers on the
+    // one-second propagation cadence: that GPU upload presented as a periodic
+    // whole-globe pulse even though the camera remained stationary.
+    if (
+      layerState._params.showPoints &&
+      now - layerState._lastPropagation >= interval
+    ) {
+      _propagateAll();
+      layerState._lastPropagation = now;
+    }
+
+    if (layerState._params.showPoints) parts.catalog._propagateDenseChunk();
+
+    // Keep the tracked dot on the per-frame epoch shared with label + camera —
+    // runs after _propagateAll so the per-frame sample wins over the 200ms one.
+    if (layerState._trackedNorad !== null) {
+      const pos = parts.tracking._getTrackedFramePosition();
+      const point = layerState._points.get(layerState._trackedNorad);
+      if (pos && point) {
+        point.position = layerState._trackedFrameCartesian; // primitive setter clones
+      }
+    }
+
+    _updatePointFocus(now);
+
+    // Hidden standalone orbit primitives do not need GMST matrix writes while
+    // Space Missions draws the selected mission orbit itself.
+    if (
+      layerState._params.showOrbits &&
+      now - layerState._lastRingRotation >= RING_ROTATION_MS
+    ) {
+      _updateOrbitPathRotations(new Date(now));
+      layerState._lastRingRotation = now;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Focus alpha for satellite points, inside the existing shared preRender tick. */
+
+  function _updatePointFocus(nowMs) {
+    const target = getFocusTarget();
+    if (
+      !layerState._params.showPoints ||
+      !focusPassIsNeeded(target, layerState._activeFocusCount)
+    )
+      return;
+    if (nowMs - layerState._lastFocusUpdate < 80) return;
+    layerState._lastFocusUpdate = nowMs;
+    const scene = layerState._viewer.scene;
+    const camera = layerState._viewer.camera;
+    const result = applySatellitePointFocusDeemphasis({
+      points: layerState._points,
+      trackedId: layerState._trackedNorad,
+      target,
+      previousActiveCount: layerState._activeFocusCount,
+      nowMs,
+      screenPositionFor: (position) =>
+        Cesium.SceneTransforms.worldToWindowCoordinates(
+          scene,
+          position,
+          layerState._scratchFocusScreen,
+        ),
+      cameraDistanceFor: (position) =>
+        Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(camera.positionWC, position),
+      baseColorFor: (noradId) =>
+        parts.controls._pointStyleFor(
+          noradId,
+          layerState._catalog.get(noradId)?.group,
+        ).color,
+    });
+    layerState._activeFocusCount = result.activeCount;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Apply the gated satellite-point focus pass through the production color path.
+   * @param {object} input
+   * @returns {{writes:number,transitioning:boolean,activeCount:number,ran:boolean}}
+   */
+
+  function applySatellitePointFocusDeemphasis({
+    points,
+    trackedId,
+    target,
+    previousActiveCount = 0,
+    nowMs,
+    screenPositionFor,
+    cameraDistanceFor,
+    baseColorFor,
+    params,
+  }) {
+    if (!focusPassIsNeeded(target, previousActiveCount)) {
+      return { writes: 0, transitioning: false, activeCount: 0, ran: false };
+    }
+    let writes = 0;
+    let transitioning = false;
+    let activeCount = 0;
+    for (const [noradId, point] of points || []) {
+      if (noradId === trackedId || !point?.position) continue;
+      const cameraDistance = cameraDistanceFor(point.position);
+      const distanceScale = nearFarScalarValueAtDistance(
+        point.scaleByDistance,
+        cameraDistance,
+      );
+      const halfExtentPx = (point.pixelSize || 5) * distanceScale * 0.5;
+      const focus = advanceSpriteFocus(point, {
+        // Hidden points still release toward identity, preventing stale dim
+        // alpha if a catalog/presentation toggle later makes them visible.
+        screenPosition:
+          point.show === false ? null : screenPositionFor(point.position),
+        cameraDistance,
+        nowMs,
+        target,
+        params,
+        spriteHalfWidthPx: halfExtentPx,
+        spriteHalfHeightPx: halfExtentPx,
+      });
+      transitioning ||= focus.transitioning;
+      if (focus.active) activeCount += 1;
+      const base = baseColorFor(noradId);
+      const alpha = base.alpha * focus.factor;
+      if (focusAlphaNeedsWrite(point.color?.alpha, alpha, params)) {
+        // Point stays continuously present at the non-zero emphasis floor; its
+        // own alpha yields around the tracked target, independent of draw order.
+        point.color = base.withAlpha(alpha);
+        writes += 1;
+      }
+    }
+    return { writes, transitioning, activeCount, ran: true };
+  }
+  return {
+    _showOrbitPath,
+    _updateOrbitPathRotations,
+    _hideOrbitPath,
+    _propagateAll,
+    _preRenderTick,
+    _updatePointFocus,
+    applySatellitePointFocusDeemphasis,
+  };
+}

src/layers/satellites/source.js

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+const GROUPS = new Set([
+  'stations',
+  'visual',
+  'gps-ops',
+  'glo-ops',
+  'galileo',
+  'geo',
+  'starlink',
+]);
+
+/** Read catalog text from the existing group endpoint using a supplied transport. */
+export function createSatelliteSource({
+  fetchImpl = (...args) => globalThis.fetch(...args),
+} = {}) {
+  return {
+    async readGroup(group, { signal } = {}) {
+      if (!GROUPS.has(group)) throw new TypeError('Unknown satellite group');
+      signal?.throwIfAborted();
+      const response = await fetchImpl(`/api/celestrak/${group}`, { signal });
+      const text = response.ok ? await response.text() : '';
+      signal?.throwIfAborted();
+      return { ok: response.ok, status: response.status, text };
+    },
+  };
+}

src/layers/satellites/source.test.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { createSatelliteSource } from './source.js';
+import { createSatellitesLayer } from './index.js';
+
+test('satellite sources confine catalog groups and reject a cancelled body', async () => {
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  let requests = 0;
+  const source = createSatelliteSource({
+    fetchImpl: async (url) => {
+      requests++;
+      assert.equal(url, '/api/celestrak/stations');
+      return {
+        ok: true,
+        status: 200,
+        text: async () => {
+          controller.abort();
+          return 'late catalog';
+        },
+      };
+    },
+  });
+  await assert.rejects(
+    source.readGroup('../active'),
+    /Unknown satellite group/,
+  );
+  assert.equal(requests, 0);
+  await assert.rejects(
+    source.readGroup('stations', { signal: controller.signal }),
+    { name: 'AbortError' },
+  );
+});
+
+test('satellite factories keep control state separate and construct without requests', () => {
+  const source = {
+    readGroup() {
+      assert.fail('construction fetched a catalog');
+    },
+  };
+  const services = Object.fromEntries(
+    [
+      'picking',
+      'focus',
+      'readout',
+      'overlays',
+      'context',
+      'render',
+      'layerState',
+    ].map((key) => [key, {}]),
+  );
+  services.layerState.isExplicitLayerStateOrigin = () => false;
+  const first = createSatellitesLayer({ source, services });
+  const second = createSatellitesLayer({ source, services });
+  first.setParams({ showPoints: false });
+  assert.equal(first.getParams().showPoints, false);
+  assert.equal(second.getParams().showPoints, true);
+  assert.notEqual(first.getStats(), second.getStats());
+});

src/layers/satellites/state.js

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+
+export function createState({ services }) {
+  const { setOverlayEntries, setOverlaySourceVisible, clearOverlaySource } =
+    services.overlays;
+  const state = {};
+
+  state.DEFAULT_OVERLAY_HOST = Object.freeze({
+    setEntries: setOverlayEntries,
+    setVisible: setOverlaySourceVisible,
+    clearSource: clearOverlaySource,
+  });
+
+  state._overlayHost = state.DEFAULT_OVERLAY_HOST;
+
+  // Satellite catalog: { noradId → { name, satrec, group } }
+
+  state._catalog = new Map();
+
+  state._pointCollection = null;
+
+  state._points = new Map();
+  // noradId → point primitive
+  /** Stable lightweight records reused by the detection overlay between updates. */
+
+  state._detectionObjects = new Map();
+
+  // noradId → { primitive, gmstAtBake }
+  // primitive is a one-instance Cesium.Primitive holding the ring baked in ECEF
+  // at gmstAtBake; the preRender tick re-aligns it to current GMST by updating
+  // its modelMatrix (rigid Z-rotation — no geometry rebuild, WS-D1).
+
+  state._orbitPaths = new Map();
+
+  state._count = 0;
+
+  state._lastUpdate = null;
+
+  /** @type {string|null} Surfaced feed error (e.g. CelesTrak outage) for the layer chip. */
+
+  state._lastError = null;
+
+  state._activeUpdateControllers = new Set();
+
+  state._denseLoadController = null;
+
+  state._viewer = null;
+
+  state._preRenderListener = null;
+
+  state._lastPropagation = 0;
+
+  state._lastRingRotation = 0;
+
+  state._lastFocusUpdate = 0;
+
+  /** Points whose animated emphasis remains outside the 1.0 deadband. */
+
+  state._activeFocusCount = 0;
+
+  state._scratchFocusScreen = new Cesium.Cartesian2();
+
+  state._enabled = false;
+
+  // Click-to-track state
+
+  state._trackedNorad = null;
+
+  state._pendingTrackingRestore = null;
+
+  state._trackingIntentGeneration = 0;
+
+  state._trackingRefreshEpoch = 0;
+
+  state._lastTrackingRefreshOutcome = {
+    epoch: 0,
+    status: 'unavailable',
+    failedGroups: [],
+  };
+
+  state._trackedEntity = null;
+
+  state._clickHandler = null;
+
+  /** @type {Cesium.Event.RemoveCallback|null} trackedEntityChanged listener disposer (cross-layer untrack) */
+
+  state._trackedEntityChangedRemove = null;
+
+  // Runtime params (DataLayerManager.setLayerParams path)
+
+  state._params = { catalog: 'core', showPoints: true, showOrbits: true };
+  // 'core' | 'dense'
+
+  state._denseIds = [];
+  // norad ids of dense extras, round-robin order
+
+  state._denseCursor = 0;
+  // next dense id to re-propagate
+
+  state._denseLoadToken = 0;
+  // invalidates in-flight dense loads on mode flip/reload
+
+  state._denseLoadPromise = null;
+
+  /**
+   * Dense-load lifecycle: 'idle' → 'loading' → 'ready' | 'failed'.
+   * The catalog param flips synchronously but the Starlink shell arrives over
+   * seconds and can fail outright (CelesTrak 502s this feed regularly), so the
+   * row chip reports THIS, not the param. An active chip must mean dense points
+   * are actually on screen.
+   */
+
+  state._denseStatus = 'idle';
+
+  /** @type {string|null} Why the last dense load failed, for the chip tooltip. */
+
+  state._denseError = null;
+
+  /** Bumped on every bulk catalog mutation; keys the row-legend tally cache. */
+
+  state._catalogRevision = 0;
+
+  state._classTallyCache = { revision: -1, counts: null };
+
+  /** @type {(() => void)|null} Manager callback: "this layer's row controls changed". */
+
+  state._rowControlsListener = null;
+
+  /** @type {Set<number>} NORAD ids co-located with the tracked satellite. */
+
+  state._dockedCompanions = new Set();
+
+  state._lastDockedScanMs = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+
+  // Per-frame cache for the tracked satellite (WS-D2): dot, host readout, camera, and
+  // getTrackedInfo all read one SGP4 sample per rendered frame, keyed on
+  // scene.frameState.frameNumber, so they never diverge in epoch.
+
+  state._trackedFrameNumber = -1;
+
+  state._trackedFrameGeo = null;
+  // { longitude, latitude, altitude } or null
+
+  state._trackedFrameCartesian = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+
+  /** Optional deterministic clock used only by the production-frame test seam. */
+
+  state._trackedFrameNowForTest = null;
+
+  // Scratch variables
+
+  state._scratchCartesian = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+
+  state._scratchRingRotation = new Cesium.Matrix3();
+
+  /** Update the explicit model only when the rounded altitude line changes. */
+  /** Epoch of the last shared-context refresh for the tracked satellite. */
+
+  state._contextRefreshedAtMs = 0;
+
+  state._lookupTleText = null;
+
+  state._lookupTleEntries = [];
+  return state;
+}

src/layers/satellites/testing.js

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { ISS_NORAD, ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID } from './policy.js';
+
+export function createTesting({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
+  /**
+   * Seed a single tracked satellite so tests can invoke the exact production
+   * pre-render callback without constructing a WebGL viewer.
+   * @param {object} state
+   * @param {number} state.noradId
+   * @param {string} state.name
+   * @param {object} state.satrec
+   * @param {object} state.entity
+   * @param {object} state.point
+   * @param {object} state.viewer
+   * @param {() => (number|Date)} state.now
+   */
+
+  function _setTrackedSatelliteRefreshStateForTest({
+    noradId,
+    name,
+    satrec,
+    entity,
+    point,
+    viewer,
+    now,
+    // Extra catalog/point rows so a test can exercise a docked cluster (and a
+    // control satellite that must NOT be treated as part of it).
+    neighbours = [],
+  }) {
+    layerState._viewer = viewer;
+    layerState._catalog = new Map([
+      [noradId, { name, satrec, group: 'stations' }],
+    ]);
+    layerState._points = new Map([[noradId, point]]);
+    for (const neighbour of neighbours) {
+      layerState._catalog.set(neighbour.noradId, {
+        name: neighbour.name,
+        satrec: neighbour.satrec || satrec,
+        group: neighbour.group || 'stations',
+      });
+      layerState._points.set(neighbour.noradId, neighbour.point);
+    }
+    layerState._dockedCompanions = new Set();
+    layerState._lastDockedScanMs = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+    layerState._trackedNorad = noradId;
+    layerState._trackedEntity = entity;
+    layerState._trackedFrameNumber = -1;
+    layerState._trackedFrameGeo = null;
+    layerState._trackedFrameNowForTest = now;
+    layerState._params = {
+      catalog: 'core',
+      showPoints: false,
+      showOrbits: false,
+    };
+    layerState._enabled = true;
+  }
+
+  /** Seed catalog authority and optional dense settlement for share-Follow tests. */
+
+  function _setSatelliteTrackingRefreshOutcomeForTest({
+    status = 'accepted',
+    failedGroups = [],
+    catalog = 'core',
+    densePromise = null,
+  } = {}) {
+    const epoch = ++layerState._trackingRefreshEpoch;
+    layerState._lastTrackingRefreshOutcome = {
+      epoch,
+      status,
+      failedGroups: [...failedGroups],
+    };
+    layerState._params.catalog = catalog;
+    layerState._denseLoadPromise =
+      densePromise || Promise.resolve({ status: 'not-requested' });
+  }
+
+  /** The tracked satellite's current ECEF sample — the value the docked-cluster
+   *  scan measures against. Exposed so a test can place neighbours around it. */
+
+  function _trackedFrameCartesianForTest() {
+    return layerState._trackedFrameCartesian;
+  }
+
+  /** Invoke the same callback registered on `scene.preRender` in production. */
+
+  function _runSatellitePreRenderForTest() {
+    parts.rendering._preRenderTick();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Seed the minimum render state a dense-catalog load needs, so a test can
+   * exercise the real async load/settle/fail path (and the row-control states it
+   * drives) without constructing a WebGL viewer.
+   * @param {{ catalog?: 'core'|'dense', showPoints?: boolean }} [options]
+   */
+
+  function _setDenseCatalogStateForTest({
+    catalog = 'core',
+    showPoints = true,
+  } = {}) {
+    layerState._viewer = {
+      scene: { primitives: { add: (p) => p, remove() {} } },
+    };
+    // Neutralize the shared world-overlay host: these tests exercise catalog and
+    // row-control logic, not the ISS callout.
+    layerState._overlayHost = {
+      setEntries() {},
+      setVisible() {},
+      clearSource() {},
+    };
+    layerState._pointCollection = {
+      show: true,
+      add: (opts) => ({ ...opts }),
+      remove() {},
+      removeAll() {},
+    };
+    layerState._catalog = new Map();
+    layerState._points = new Map();
+    layerState._detectionObjects = new Map();
+    layerState._orbitPaths = new Map();
+    layerState._denseIds = [];
+    layerState._denseCursor = 0;
+    layerState._denseLoadToken++;
+    layerState._denseStatus = 'idle';
+    layerState._denseError = null;
+    layerState._catalogRevision++;
+    layerState._trackedNorad = null;
+    parts.tracking._cancelPendingTrackingRestore();
+    layerState._params = { catalog, showPoints, showOrbits: false };
+    layerState._enabled = true;
+  }
+
+  /** Tear the dense seam back down so ordering cannot leak into other tests. */
+
+  function _clearDenseCatalogStateForTest() {
+    layerState._rowControlsListener = null;
+    layerState._overlayHost = layerState.DEFAULT_OVERLAY_HOST;
+    layerState._orbitPaths = new Map();
+    layerState._viewer = null;
+    layerState._pointCollection = null;
+    layerState._catalog = new Map();
+    layerState._points = new Map();
+    layerState._denseIds = [];
+    layerState._denseLoadToken++;
+    layerState._denseStatus = 'idle';
+    layerState._denseError = null;
+    layerState._params = {
+      catalog: 'core',
+      showPoints: true,
+      showOrbits: true,
+    };
+    parts.tracking._cancelPendingTrackingRestore();
+    layerState._enabled = false;
+  }
+
+  /** Catalog group tag recorded for a satellite, for ingestion-path assertions. */
+
+  function _catalogGroupForTest(noradId) {
+    return layerState._catalog.get(Number(noradId))?.group;
+  }
+
+  /** Seed ISS/tracking state while retaining the production track and host paths. */
+
+  function _setSatelliteLabelLifecycleStateForTest({
+    viewer,
+    satrec,
+    point,
+    overlayHost,
+    preservePending = false,
+  }) {
+    layerState._viewer = viewer;
+    layerState._catalog = new Map([
+      [ISS_NORAD, { name: 'ISS (ZARYA)', satrec, group: 'stations' }],
+    ]);
+    layerState._points = new Map([[ISS_NORAD, point]]);
+    layerState._orbitPaths = new Map([
+      [
+        ISS_NORAD,
+        {
+          primitive: { show: true, modelMatrix: new Cesium.Matrix4() },
+          gmstAtBake: 0,
+        },
+      ],
+    ]);
+    layerState._trackedNorad = null;
+    layerState._trackedEntity = null;
+    if (!preservePending) parts.tracking._cancelPendingTrackingRestore();
+    layerState._trackedFrameNumber = -1;
+    layerState._trackedFrameGeo = null;
+    layerState._enabled = true;
+    layerState._params = {
+      catalog: 'core',
+      showPoints: true,
+      showOrbits: true,
+    };
+    layerState._overlayHost = overlayHost || layerState.DEFAULT_OVERLAY_HOST;
+    parts.labels._syncIssOverlay();
+  }
+
+  /** Exercise production ISS tracking from the cached catalog and point. */
+
+  function _trackIssForTest() {
+    parts.tracking._trackSatellite(ISS_NORAD);
+    return layerState._trackedEntity;
+  }
+
+  /** Return the deferred restore target held by the production tracker. */
+
+  function _pendingSatelliteTrackingRestoreForTest() {
+    return layerState._pendingTrackingRestore?.id ?? null;
+  }
+
+  /** Exercise the production deferred-restore retry after a simulated catalog refresh. */
+
+  function _applyPendingSatelliteTrackingRestoreForTest() {
+    return parts.tracking._applyPendingTrackingRestore();
+  }
+
+  /** Remove a cached catalog row so tests can model a target arriving later. */
+
+  function _removeSatelliteTrackingCandidateForTest(noradId) {
+    const id = Number(noradId);
+    layerState._catalog.delete(id);
+    layerState._points.delete(id);
+  }
+
+  /** Exercise production untrack and restore the default host seam. */
+
+  function _clearSatelliteLabelLifecycleForTest() {
+    parts.tracking._clearTracking();
+    layerState._enabled = false;
+    layerState._overlayHost.clearSource(ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID);
+    layerState._overlayHost.setVisible(ISS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID, false);
+    layerState._overlayHost = layerState.DEFAULT_OVERLAY_HOST;
+  }
+  return {
+    _setTrackedSatelliteRefreshStateForTest,
+    _setSatelliteTrackingRefreshOutcomeForTest,
+    _trackedFrameCartesianForTest,
+    _runSatellitePreRenderForTest,
+    _setDenseCatalogStateForTest,
+    _clearDenseCatalogStateForTest,
+    _catalogGroupForTest,
+    _setSatelliteLabelLifecycleStateForTest,
+    _trackIssForTest,
+    _pendingSatelliteTrackingRestoreForTest,
+    _applyPendingSatelliteTrackingRestoreForTest,
+    _removeSatelliteTrackingCandidateForTest,
+    _clearSatelliteLabelLifecycleForTest,
+  };
+}

src/layers/satellites/tracking.js

@@ -0,0 +1,479 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { satelliteClassLabel } from '../../data/satelliteClass.js';
+import {
+  ISS_NORAD,
+  CONTEXT_REFRESH_INTERVAL_MS,
+  HIGH_ORBIT_ALTITUDE_M,
+  TRACK_VIEW_FROM_HIGH_SCALE,
+  TRACK_VIEW_FROM_LEO,
+} from './policy.js';
+
+export function createTracking({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
+  const { clearFocusTarget, publishFocusTargetFromCachedPosition } =
+    services.focus;
+  const {
+    clearTrackedSubjectContext,
+    getContextStore,
+    refreshTrackedSubjectContext,
+    selectTrackedSubjectContext,
+  } = services.context;
+  const { refreshTrackedReadout } = services.readout;
+
+  function _normalizeTrackedNorad(candidate) {
+    const numeric = Number(candidate);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(numeric)) return null;
+    const rounded = Math.trunc(numeric);
+    return rounded > 0 ? rounded : null;
+  }
+
+  function _emitAwarenessEvent(type, detail) {
+    if (
+      typeof window === 'undefined' ||
+      !window.dispatchEvent ||
+      typeof CustomEvent === 'undefined'
+    )
+      return;
+    window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(type, { detail }));
+  }
+
+  function _applyPendingTrackingRestore() {
+    const pending = layerState._pendingTrackingRestore;
+    if (
+      !pending ||
+      pending.generation !== layerState._trackingIntentGeneration ||
+      !layerState._enabled
+    )
+      return false;
+    if (
+      !layerState._viewer ||
+      !layerState._catalog.has(pending.id) ||
+      !layerState._points.has(pending.id)
+    )
+      return false;
+    layerState._pendingTrackingRestore = null;
+    _trackSatellite(pending.id, { origin: pending.origin });
+    return layerState._trackedNorad === pending.id;
+  }
+
+  function _cancelPendingTrackingRestore() {
+    layerState._trackingIntentGeneration += 1;
+    layerState._pendingTrackingRestore = null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Stop tracking the currently followed satellite.
+   * @param {boolean} [skipViewerUntrack=false] - When ANOTHER layer just grabbed
+   *   the follow-camera (viewer.trackedEntityChanged), tear down our own state
+   *   but do NOT clear viewer.trackedEntity — the new owner controls it now,
+   *   and clearing it would yank the camera off their target (mirror of flights).
+   */
+
+  function _clearTracking(
+    skipViewerUntrack = false,
+    { origin = 'programmatic' } = {},
+  ) {
+    // Untracking dissolves the cluster: every companion returns to its own
+    // ambient label on the next collection.
+    layerState._dockedCompanions = new Set();
+    layerState._lastDockedScanMs = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+    if (!layerState._trackedNorad) {
+      clearFocusTarget('satellites');
+      parts.labels._syncIssOverlay();
+      return;
+    }
+    const clearedNorad = layerState._trackedNorad;
+    clearFocusTarget('satellites', layerState._trackedNorad);
+
+    const lastPos = layerState._points.get(layerState._trackedNorad);
+
+    // Re-show the primitive (hidden while the tracked entity rendered the dot)
+    // and restore the original group palette from the shared style table (WS-D3)
+    if (lastPos) {
+      const style = parts.controls._pointStyleFor(
+        layerState._trackedNorad,
+        layerState._catalog.get(layerState._trackedNorad)?.group,
+      );
+      lastPos.show = true;
+      lastPos.pixelSize = style.pixelSize;
+      lastPos.color = style.color;
+      lastPos.outlineColor = style.outlineColor;
+      lastPos.outlineWidth = style.outlineWidth;
+      lastPos.disableDepthTestDistance = 0;
+    }
+
+    // Invalidate the per-frame tracked-position cache (WS-D2)
+    layerState._trackedFrameNumber = -1;
+    layerState._trackedFrameGeo = null;
+
+    // Remove tracked entity and orbit path (unless ISS — keep its path)
+    if (layerState._trackedNorad !== ISS_NORAD) {
+      parts.rendering._hideOrbitPath(layerState._trackedNorad);
+    }
+    if (layerState._viewer && !skipViewerUntrack)
+      layerState._viewer.trackedEntity = undefined;
+    if (layerState._trackedEntity) {
+      layerState._viewer.entities.remove(layerState._trackedEntity);
+      layerState._trackedEntity = null;
+    }
+    layerState._trackedNorad = null;
+    parts.labels._syncIssOverlay();
+    clearTrackedSubjectContext('satellites');
+    layerState._contextRefreshedAtMs = 0;
+    _emitAwarenessEvent('gev:awareness-subject-cleared', {
+      layerId: 'satellites',
+      id: clearedNorad,
+      origin,
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the tracked satellite's geodetic position, propagated at most once per
+   * rendered frame (WS-D2). All tracked-satellite consumers (entity position
+   * callback → camera, host model, point primitive, getTrackedInfo) share this
+   * single `new Date()` epoch per frame, so they can never diverge by the old
+   * 200ms throttle. The matching ECEF position is left in
+   * `_trackedFrameCartesian`. SGP4 for one satellite per frame is cheap.
+   * @returns {{ longitude: number, latitude: number, altitude: number }|null}
+   */
+
+  function _getTrackedFramePosition() {
+    if (layerState._trackedNorad === null) return null;
+    const sat = layerState._catalog.get(layerState._trackedNorad);
+    if (!sat) return null;
+
+    const frameNumber =
+      layerState._viewer?.scene?.frameState?.frameNumber ?? -1;
+    if (
+      frameNumber === -1 ||
+      frameNumber !== layerState._trackedFrameNumber ||
+      layerState._trackedFrameGeo === null
+    ) {
+      const pos = parts.orbits.propagatePosition(
+        sat.satrec,
+        layerState._trackedFrameNowForTest
+          ? new Date(layerState._trackedFrameNowForTest())
+          : new Date(),
+      );
+      if (!pos) return layerState._trackedFrameGeo; // propagation hiccup — keep last good sample
+      layerState._trackedFrameGeo = pos;
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+        pos.longitude,
+        pos.latitude,
+        pos.altitude,
+        undefined,
+        layerState._trackedFrameCartesian,
+      );
+      layerState._trackedFrameNumber = frameNumber;
+      // Throttled inside; membership changes are rare, so resync the ISS ambient
+      // gate only when the cluster actually changed.
+      const clusterChanged = parts.labels._refreshDockedCompanions(
+        layerState._trackedFrameNowForTest
+          ? layerState._trackedFrameNowForTest()
+          : Date.now(),
+      );
+      _updateTrackedSatelliteLabelModel();
+      // The card and the context slot describe the same satellite — keep them
+      // together so voice never narrates a fix the card has already replaced.
+      _refreshTrackedSubjectContext();
+      if (clusterChanged) parts.labels._syncIssOverlay();
+      const name = sat.name?.trim() || `SAT-${layerState._trackedNorad}`;
+      const altitudeText = `${Math.round(pos.altitude / 1000)} km · NORAD ${layerState._trackedNorad}`;
+      const labelWidthPx =
+        Math.max(name.length, altitudeText.length) * 7.8 + 20;
+      const labelHeightPx = 2 * 13 + 12;
+      const trackedPointDiameterPx = 14 + 4; // point plus its 2 px outline on both sides
+      // Exact SGP4 frame cache only: dot, host readout, camera, and focus rectangle all
+      // share one epoch, avoiding a second propagation phase and its old jitter.
+      publishFocusTargetFromCachedPosition({
+        ownerLayer: 'satellites',
+        id: layerState._trackedNorad,
+        scene: layerState._viewer?.scene,
+        camera: layerState._viewer?.camera,
+        displayPosition: layerState._trackedFrameCartesian,
+        widthPx: Math.max(trackedPointDiameterPx, Math.min(260, labelWidthPx)),
+        // Union of the 14 px point and the two-line label shifted 18 px upward.
+        heightPx: trackedPointDiameterPx + 18 + labelHeightPx,
+      });
+    }
+    return layerState._trackedFrameGeo;
+  }
+
+  /** Cached ECEF display point only; never propagates a fresh SGP4 sample. */
+
+  function _trackedDisplayCached() {
+    return layerState._trackedFrameGeo
+      ? layerState._trackedFrameCartesian
+      : null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Describe the tracked satellite for the shared context slot the voice tools
+   * read. Values come from the live per-frame propagation, not a selection-time
+   * snapshot, so a long follow never narrates a position the satellite has left.
+   * @param {number} noradId Catalog identity.
+   * @param {{latitude: number, longitude: number, altitude: number}|null} [position]
+   *   Explicit position; defaults to the current per-frame propagation.
+   * @returns {object|null} Context metadata, or null when the satellite is gone.
+   */
+
+  function _contextSubjectMetadata(noradId, position = null) {
+    const sat = layerState._catalog.get(noradId);
+    if (!sat) return null;
+    const pos = position || _getTrackedFramePosition();
+    if (!pos) return null;
+    const name = sat.name?.trim() || `SAT-${noradId}`;
+    const altitudeKm = Number.isFinite(pos.altitude)
+      ? Math.round(pos.altitude / 1000)
+      : null;
+    return {
+      id: String(noradId),
+      layerId: 'satellites',
+      layerName: 'Satellites',
+      source: 'CelesTrak',
+      label: name,
+      latitude: pos.latitude,
+      longitude: pos.longitude,
+      // Flat text only: the voice payload compacts properties through a string
+      // cleaner that drops nested objects.
+      properties: {
+        name,
+        operator: '',
+        noradId: String(noradId),
+        class: satelliteClassLabel(sat.group, { isIss: noradId === ISS_NORAD }),
+        altitude:
+          altitudeKm === null ? '' : `${altitudeKm.toLocaleString('en-US')} km`,
+      },
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reconcile the published subject with a freshly rebuilt catalog.
+   *
+   * A rebuild (dense↔core toggle, TLE refresh) clears and repopulates the
+   * catalog, so the tracked satellite's entry is a NEW object with a new satrec.
+   * A surviving subject is simply re-resolved against it. A subject that is GONE
+   * must release the slot: the per-frame refresh cannot do this itself, because
+   * `_getTrackedFramePosition` returns early once the satellite has no catalog
+   * entry — so without this the record would linger and voice would narrate a
+   * satellite the catalog no longer carries, frozen at its last position.
+   *
+   * Releasing is gated on PROOF. The subject is preserved unless it is absent
+   * from a catalog that is both complete (`accepted`, no failed CelesTrak group)
+   * and applicable (dense settled, when dense is the requested catalog). A
+   * partial refresh, a failed dense load, or an empty catalog is unproven
+   * absence, and unproven absence is not absence — the same honesty rule the
+   * tracking-restore path already applies.
+   * @returns {Promise<void>} Resolves once the applicable catalog has settled.
+   */
+
+  async function _reconcileTrackedSubjectContext() {
+    const subjectAtStart = layerState._trackedNorad;
+    if (subjectAtStart === null) return;
+    // Dense extras land AFTER the core rebuild resolves. Deciding before they
+    // settle called a dense subject missing and deleted its record; the record
+    // then stayed gone, because a refresh can update an existing record but
+    // cannot recreate one.
+    const denseSettlement =
+      layerState._params.catalog === 'dense'
+        ? layerState._denseLoadPromise
+        : null;
+    if (denseSettlement) {
+      try {
+        await denseSettlement;
+      } catch {
+        // A failed dense load proves nothing about the subject; fall through and
+        // let the outcome check below preserve it.
+      }
+    }
+    // The operator may have moved on while we waited.
+    if (layerState._trackedNorad !== subjectAtStart) return;
+
+    const metadata = _contextSubjectMetadata(subjectAtStart);
+    if (metadata) {
+      const store = getContextStore();
+      const key = String(subjectAtStart);
+      if (store.entities.has(key)) {
+        refreshTrackedSubjectContext(metadata);
+      } else if (!store.selectedEntityId) {
+        // The record was dropped while the subject was briefly unresolvable.
+        // Restore it — but only into an EMPTY slot: a satellite reappearing must
+        // never yank the subject away from something the operator selected since.
+        selectTrackedSubjectContext(metadata);
+      }
+      layerState._contextRefreshedAtMs = Date.now();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Absence only counts when EVERY catalog that could carry the subject
+    // actually loaded. Unproven absence is not absence — the same honesty rule
+    // the tracking-restore path applies.
+    //
+    // Deliberately NOT scoped to the group the subject was last seen in:
+    // CelesTrak reclassifies satellites between groups, so a subject missing
+    // from its old group may simply have moved to one that failed this refresh.
+    // Believing the old group alone would drop it. Any failed or empty group is
+    // therefore a reason to wait — and `accepted` already means every group
+    // returned entries.
+    if (layerState._catalog.size === 0) return;
+    if (layerState._lastTrackingRefreshOutcome?.status !== 'accepted') return;
+    // Dense is a potential carrier too whenever it was REQUESTED — and the
+    // request is read from `denseSettlement`, captured before the await, not
+    // from `_params.catalog` now. A failed dense load reverts the mode to 'core'
+    // as part of settling (an ACTIVE chip over an empty sky would be a lie), so
+    // by the time we get here the intent that made dense a carrier has been
+    // erased. Re-reading it would skip this guard on exactly the runs that need
+    // it and delete a subject the dense catalog might have carried.
+    if (denseSettlement && layerState._denseStatus !== 'ready') return;
+    clearTrackedSubjectContext('satellites');
+    layerState._contextRefreshedAtMs = 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Keep the shared context slot current with the tracked satellite, on the
+   * propagation beat rather than the frame clock.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+
+  function _refreshTrackedSubjectContext() {
+    if (layerState._trackedNorad === null) return;
+    const now = Date.now();
+    if (now - layerState._contextRefreshedAtMs < CONTEXT_REFRESH_INTERVAL_MS)
+      return;
+    layerState._contextRefreshedAtMs = now;
+    refreshTrackedSubjectContext(
+      _contextSubjectMetadata(layerState._trackedNorad),
+    );
+  }
+
+  function _updateTrackedSatelliteLabelModel(fallbackAltitudeM = null) {
+    if (!layerState._trackedEntity || layerState._trackedNorad === null) return;
+    const sat = layerState._catalog.get(layerState._trackedNorad);
+    const title = sat?.name?.trim() || `SAT-${layerState._trackedNorad}`;
+    const altitudeM =
+      layerState._trackedFrameGeo?.altitude ?? fallbackAltitudeM;
+    const detail = `${Number.isFinite(altitudeM) ? Math.round(altitudeM / 1000) : '?'} km · NORAD ${layerState._trackedNorad}`;
+    // Class leads the detail block: it is what tells the operator WHAT they are
+    // looking at, and it stays readable under the IR styles that flatten the
+    // dot colors to a single channel (the card is painted above post-FX).
+    const details = [
+      satelliteClassLabel(sat?.group, {
+        isIss: layerState._trackedNorad === ISS_NORAD,
+      }),
+      detail,
+    ];
+    // Docked companions are consolidated onto the tracked card as SECONDARY info
+    // instead of competing with it as separate ambient labels. Identities are
+    // preserved: the catalog is untouched and every companion returns to its own
+    // label the moment the cluster is no longer tracked.
+    const companions = parts.labels._dockedCompanionNames();
+    if (companions.length > 0) {
+      const extra = companions.length - 1;
+      details.push(
+        `DOCKED · ${companions[0]}${extra > 0 ? ` · +${extra}` : ''}`,
+      );
+    }
+    const current = layerState._trackedEntity.gevLabelModel;
+    // Compare the WHOLE detail array: comparing only `details[0]` swallowed any
+    // change confined to the companions line, so the card would never republish.
+    const unchanged =
+      current?.title === title &&
+      current?.details?.length === details.length &&
+      details.every((line, index) => current.details[index] === line);
+    if (unchanged) return;
+    layerState._trackedEntity.gevLabelModel = {
+      title,
+      details,
+      accent: '#ffd84d',
+    };
+    refreshTrackedReadout(layerState._trackedEntity);
+  }
+
+  function _trackSatellite(noradId, { origin = 'programmatic' } = {}) {
+    _clearTracking(false, { origin });
+
+    const point = layerState._points.get(noradId);
+    const sat = layerState._catalog.get(noradId);
+    if (!point || !sat) return;
+
+    layerState._trackedNorad = noradId;
+    layerState._trackedFrameNumber = -1;
+    layerState._trackedFrameGeo = null;
+    parts.labels._syncIssOverlay();
+
+    // Hide the primitive — the tracked ENTITY renders the dot below. The
+    // entity must own a point graphic so the Viewer's tracking camera can
+    // resolve a bounding sphere and engage viewFrom (a label-only entity
+    // left the camera stranded; this mirrors the proven flights pattern).
+    point.show = false;
+
+    // Show orbital path
+    parts.rendering._showOrbitPath(noradId, Cesium.Color.YELLOW);
+
+    // Tracked entity position propagates per evaluation through the per-frame
+    // cache (WS-D2) — dot, host readout, and camera share one SGP4 epoch per frame.
+    // Falls back to the point primitive's 1s-throttled position if SGP4 fails.
+    const positionProperty = new Cesium.CallbackProperty(() => {
+      const pos = _getTrackedFramePosition();
+      return pos ? layerState._trackedFrameCartesian : point.position;
+    }, false);
+
+    const name = sat.name.trim();
+
+    // Comfortable tracking landing: ~726 km back for LEO (user-validated
+    // "slightly zoomed out" framing — no stutter, label reads cleanly), scaled
+    // up for MEO/GEO so the camera doesn't land on top of a high-orbit dot.
+    const initialPos = parts.orbits.propagatePosition(sat.satrec, new Date());
+    const viewScale =
+      initialPos && initialPos.altitude > HIGH_ORBIT_ALTITUDE_M
+        ? TRACK_VIEW_FROM_HIGH_SCALE
+        : 1;
+    const viewFrom = Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+      TRACK_VIEW_FROM_LEO,
+      viewScale,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+
+    layerState._trackedEntity = layerState._viewer.entities.add({
+      position: positionProperty,
+      viewFrom,
+      point: {
+        pixelSize: 14,
+        color: Cesium.Color.YELLOW,
+        outlineColor: Cesium.Color.WHITE,
+        outlineWidth: 2,
+        disableDepthTestDistance: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+      },
+    });
+    layerState._trackedEntity.gevSelectionOrigin = origin;
+    layerState._trackedEntity.gevTrackedId = `satellites:${noradId}`;
+    layerState._trackedEntity.gevDisplayPosition = _trackedDisplayCached;
+    _updateTrackedSatelliteLabelModel(initialPos?.altitude ?? null);
+
+    _emitAwarenessEvent('gev:awareness-subject-selected', {
+      layerId: 'satellites',
+      id: noradId,
+      label: name,
+      position: Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(point.position),
+      origin,
+    });
+    selectTrackedSubjectContext(_contextSubjectMetadata(noradId, initialPos));
+    layerState._contextRefreshedAtMs = Date.now();
+
+    layerState._viewer.trackedEntity = layerState._trackedEntity;
+    console.log(`[Data:Satellites] Tracking ${name} (NORAD ${noradId})`);
+  }
+  return {
+    _normalizeTrackedNorad,
+    _emitAwarenessEvent,
+    _applyPendingTrackingRestore,
+    _cancelPendingTrackingRestore,
+    _clearTracking,
+    _getTrackedFramePosition,
+    _trackedDisplayCached,
+    _contextSubjectMetadata,
+    _reconcileTrackedSubjectContext,
+    _refreshTrackedSubjectContext,
+    _updateTrackedSatelliteLabelModel,
+    _trackSatellite,
+  };
+}

src/radioMarkup.test.mjs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { readLayerSource } from './testSupport/readLayerSource.mjs';
 import { readStylesheet } from './testSupport/readStylesheet.mjs';
 import { readFileSync as readRadioSource } from 'node:fs';
 const radioBindings = readRadioSource(new URL('./ui/radioBindings.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ import test from 'node:test';
 const html = readFileSync(new URL('../index.html', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
 const ui = readFileSync(new URL('./ui/applicationShell.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
 const radio = readFileSync(new URL('./data/radio.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
-const rocketLaunches = readFileSync(new URL('./data/rocketLaunches.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
+const rocketLaunches = readLayerSource(new URL('./data/rocketLaunches.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
 const realtime = readFileSync(new URL('./voice/gevRealtime.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
 const voice = ['tools', 'instructions'].map(name => readFileSync(new URL(`../server/providers/openai/${name}.js`, import.meta.url), 'utf8')).join('\n');
 const css = readStylesheet(new URL('../style.css', import.meta.url));

src/testSupport/readLayerSource.mjs

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ export function readLayerSource(file) {
       'militaryFlights.js',
       'aisLiveVessels.js',
       'firmsHeatmap.js',
+      'satellites.js',
+      'rocketLaunches.js',
     ].includes(basename(path))
   )
     return readFileSync(path, 'utf8');
@@ -22,7 +24,11 @@ export function readLayerSource(file) {
         ? '../layers/military'
         : basename(path) === 'firmsHeatmap.js'
           ? '../layers/firms'
-          : '../layers/vessels',
+          : basename(path) === 'satellites.js'
+            ? '../layers/satellites'
+            : basename(path) === 'rocketLaunches.js'
+              ? '../layers/launches'
+              : '../layers/vessels',
   );
   return readdirSync(directory)
     .filter((name) => name.endsWith('.js'))