Merge pull request #398 from bilawalsidhu/refactor/radio-controls

refactor: isolate Radio controls and tuner presentation
2026-11-05 02:44:02 +00:00 · 2026-09-13 00:28:52 -07:00
commit bd14d6c301
@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ of current runtime behavior, see [`docs/CURRENT-STATE.md`](docs/CURRENT-STATE.md

 ## [Unreleased]

+- Restore UI observer, resize-listener and CCTV subscription cleanup after Location extraction.
+
+- Extract Radio controls and tuner presentation with explicit actions and complete listener/subscription cleanup.
+
 - Extract Location controls and cancellable search presentation; preserve navigation handoff and prevent delayed POI expansion after closing the row.

 - Separate Layers panel presentation and clear-control bindings from layer lifecycle operations; revoke listeners and subscriptions on replacement or teardown.
@@ -287,3 +287,11 @@ the existing location-status formatter. Callers supply city data, search and
 navigation operations. The component owns DOM listeners and pending expansion;
 it imports no geocoder, camera engine, layer or application bootstrap. Existing
 camera authority and search providers remain supplied by the application.
+
+### Radio controls
+
+`ui/radio` owns Radio input, disclosures, tuner state and presentation. It
+receives the existing Radio port and explicit layer/layout actions, without
+importing the renderer or station providers. Pure tuner calculations retain
+compatibility exports from the data layer. Disposal revokes DOM listeners and
+subscriptions before ending the active tuning interaction.
@@ -1,5 +1,21 @@
 # God's Eye View Current State

+## UI disposal
+
+UI disposal releases the CCTV subscription, command-dock observer, legacy drag
+resize observer and window resize listener. These remain independent of the
+Location component and are included in whole-UI browser teardown acceptance.
+
+## Radio controls
+
+Radio panel, compact controls and tuner presentation have a dedicated owner.
+It receives playback, layer actions and layout callbacks; station ingestion,
+marker placement, audio playback and camera policy stay with their existing
+owners. Tuner calculations have a pure entry, with existing layer exports
+preserved. Destruction removes listeners and state subscriptions before ending
+tuning; a delayed Enable result cannot reveal or refocus removed controls.
+
+
 ## Location control ownership

 City/POI rows, search/reset bindings, location readouts and the orbit indicator
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@
    "./ui/maps": "./src/ui/mapSource.js",
    "./ui/layers": "./src/ui/layers.js",
    "./ui/layers/feedback": "./src/loadingFeedback.js",
-    "./ui/location": "./src/ui/location.js"
+    "./ui/location": "./src/ui/location.js",
+    "./ui/radio": "./src/ui/radio.js"
  }
 }
@@ -166,5 +166,12 @@
  "src/locationStatus.js",
  "src/ui/locationControls.test.mjs",
  "src/ui/locationSearch.test.mjs",
-  "scripts/qa-location-controls.mjs"
+  "scripts/qa-location-controls.mjs",
+  "src/ui/radio.js",
+  "src/ui/radioControls.js",
+  "src/ui/radioBindings.js",
+  "src/ui/radioPresentation.js",
+  "src/ui/radioTunerModel.js",
+  "src/ui/radioControls.test.mjs",
+  "scripts/qa-ui-disposal.mjs"
 ]
@@ -346,5 +346,16 @@
      "src/locationStatus.js"
    ],
    "external": []
+  },
+  "radio-controls": {
+    "exports": ["./ui/radio"],
+    "modules": [
+      "src/ui/radio.js",
+      "src/ui/radioControls.js",
+      "src/ui/radioBindings.js",
+      "src/ui/radioPresentation.js",
+      "src/ui/radioTunerModel.js"
+    ],
+    "external": []
  }
 }
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ const option = (name, fallback) => {
 };
 const APP_URL = option('--url', process.env.QA_BASE_URL || 'http://localhost:4173');
 const APP_ORIGIN = new URL(APP_URL).origin;
+// Radio owns this harness's keyboard and pointer actions; the welcome dialog
+// has its own acceptance harness and must not intercept those gestures.
+const RADIO_URL = new URL(APP_URL);
+RADIO_URL.searchParams.set('welcome', '0');
 const HEADFUL = args.includes('--headful');

 const chromeCandidates = [
@@ -76,6 +80,22 @@ function check(name, ok, detail = '') {

 const sleep = (ms) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));

+// Native pick buffers and clustered overlay entries settle on rendered frames,
+// not on wall-clock sleeps, particularly with software rendering.
+async function settleRadioFrames(page) {
+  await page.evaluate(() => new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const scene = window.__godsEyeView.viewer.scene;
+    let remaining = 4;
+    const timeout = setTimeout(() => { remove(); reject(new Error('Radio rendered-frame deadline exceeded')); }, 10_000);
+    const remove = scene.postRender.addEventListener(() => {
+      if (--remaining === 0) { remove(); clearTimeout(timeout); resolve(); }
+      else requestAnimationFrame(() => scene.requestRender());
+    });
+    scene.requestRender();
+  }));
+}
+
+
 async function main() {
  const response = await fetch(APP_URL).catch(() => null);
  if (!response?.ok) {
@@ -87,7 +107,10 @@ async function main() {
    headless: HEADFUL ? false : 'new',
    ...(chrome ? { executablePath: chrome } : {}),
    args: [
-      '--no-sandbox', '--disable-setuid-sandbox', '--use-gl=angle',
+      '--no-sandbox', '--disable-setuid-sandbox',
+      ...(process.platform === 'darwin'
+        ? ['--use-angle=metal', '--enable-gpu']
+        : ['--use-gl=angle', '--use-angle=swiftshader']),
      '--disable-dev-shm-usage', '--disable-background-timer-throttling',
      '--disable-renderer-backgrounding', '--window-size=1440,900',
    ],
@@ -213,7 +236,7 @@ async function main() {
      }
    });

-    await page.goto(APP_URL, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded', timeout: 60_000 });
+    await page.goto(RADIO_URL.href, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded', timeout: 60_000 });
    await page.waitForFunction(() => window.__godsEyeView?.dataManager, { timeout: 60_000 });
    await page.waitForFunction(() => window.__godsEyeView?.styleManager?._dataManager?.layers?.has('radio'), { timeout: 60_000 });
    await page.waitForFunction(
@@ -281,7 +304,7 @@ async function main() {
        fullPlayEnabled: !document.getElementById('radio-play-btn').disabled,
        fullPlayLabel: document.getElementById('radio-play-btn').getAttribute('aria-label'),
        tunerVisible: !document.getElementById('radio-tuner').hidden,
-        tunerCount: window.__godsEyeView.styleManager._radioTunerStations.length,
+        tunerCount: window.__godsEyeView.styleManager._radioControls._radioTunerStations.length,
        tunerLabel: document.getElementById('radio-tuner-band-label').textContent,
      };
    });
@@ -332,19 +355,19 @@ async function main() {
      const staticResult = module.setTuningStatic(true);
      const filterBefore = module.getUIState().filter;
      const filterControl = document.getElementById('radio-filter');
-      const originalPinned = style._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation;
-      const originalPool = style._radioTunerPool;
-      style._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation = true;
+      const originalPinned = style._radioControls._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation;
+      const originalPool = style._radioControls._radioTunerPool;
+      style._radioControls._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation = true;
      filterControl.value = filterBefore === 'news' ? 'all' : 'news';
      filterControl.dispatchEvent(new Event('change', { bubbles: true }));
      const rejectedUIFilter = {
        moduleFilter: module.getUIState().filter,
        controlFilter: filterControl.value,
-        pinned: style._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation,
-        poolIdentityPreserved: style._radioTunerPool === originalPool,
+        pinned: style._radioControls._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation,
+        poolIdentityPreserved: style._radioControls._radioTunerPool === originalPool,
      };
-      style._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation = originalPinned;
-      style._radioTunerPool = originalPool;
+      style._radioControls._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation = originalPinned;
+      style._radioControls._radioTunerPool = originalPool;
      const filterResult = module.setFilter('news');
      const toggleResult = await module.togglePlayback({ origin: 'user' });
      const directSelect = module.selectStation(stationId, {
@@ -571,7 +594,14 @@ async function main() {
    await page.evaluate(() => window.__qaReleaseRadioEnable?.());
    await page.waitForFunction(() => window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.isEnabled('radio'));
    await page.evaluate(() => window.__qaRestoreRadioEnable?.());
-    await sleep(650);
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => {
+      const scroller = document.querySelector('#global-context-panel .global-context-panel-inner');
+      const viewport = scroller.getBoundingClientRect();
+      const directory = document.querySelector('#radio-panel .radio-directory-row').getBoundingClientRect();
+      const play = document.getElementById('radio-play-btn').getBoundingClientRect();
+      return directory.top >= viewport.top && directory.bottom <= viewport.bottom
+        && play.top >= viewport.top && play.bottom <= viewport.bottom;
+    }, { timeout: 10_000 });
    const explicitRevealAfter = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const gev = window.__godsEyeView;
      const scroller = document.querySelector('#global-context-panel .global-context-panel-inner');
@@ -638,6 +668,7 @@ async function main() {
          viewer.scene.requestRender();
        }, { lon: spec.lon, height: view.height });
        await sleep(700);
+        await settleRadioFrames(page);
        const sample = await page.evaluate(async () => {
          const viewer = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
          const radio = window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('radio').module;
@@ -1320,12 +1351,9 @@ async function main() {
        && clusterBadge?.rect?.h > 0,
      JSON.stringify(clusterBadge),
    );
-    const highGlobalClusterLabels = await page.evaluate(async () => {
+    await page.evaluate(async () => {
      const viewer = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
-      const radio = window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('radio').module;
      const ellipsoid = viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid;
-      const { getWorldOverlayDiagnostics } = await import('/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js');
-      const { distanceFade } = await import('/src/overlays/worldOverlayDraw.js');
      viewer.camera.cancelFlight();
      viewer.camera.setView({
        destination: ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian({
@@ -1337,6 +1365,14 @@ async function main() {
      });
      viewer.scene.requestRender();
      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 500));
+    });
+    await settleRadioFrames(page);
+    const highGlobalClusterLabels = await page.evaluate(async () => {
+      const viewer = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
+      const radio = window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('radio').module;
+      const ellipsoid = viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid;
+      const { getWorldOverlayDiagnostics } = await import('/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js');
+      const { distanceFade } = await import('/src/overlays/worldOverlayDraw.js');
      const source = radio.getOverlayDiagnostics();
      const cameraPosition = viewer.camera.positionWC;
      const cameraRadius = Math.hypot(cameraPosition.x, cameraPosition.y, cameraPosition.z);
@@ -1347,11 +1383,23 @@ async function main() {
      const points = Array.from({ length: viewer.dataSources.length }, (_, index) => viewer.dataSources.get(index))
        .find((item) => item.name === 'Radio stations')?.clustering?._clusterPointCollection;
      let clusterPoint = null;
+      // Pool order is not visibility order after a camera change. Choose an
+      // on-screen point independently of the native pick result being tested.
+      const visiblePoints = [];
      for (let index = 0; index < (points?.length || 0); index += 1) {
        const point = points.get(index);
        if (!point?.show || !Array.isArray(point.id) || !point.id.length) continue;
        const anchor = viewer.scene.cartesianToCanvasCoordinates(point.position);
        if (!anchor) continue;
+        if (anchor.x < 0 || anchor.y < 0 || anchor.x > viewer.canvas.clientWidth || anchor.y > viewer.canvas.clientHeight) continue;
+        visiblePoints.push({ point, anchor });
+      }
+      visiblePoints.sort((a, b) => (
+        Math.hypot(a.anchor.x - viewer.canvas.clientWidth / 2, a.anchor.y - viewer.canvas.clientHeight / 2)
+        - Math.hypot(b.anchor.x - viewer.canvas.clientWidth / 2, b.anchor.y - viewer.canvas.clientHeight / 2)
+      ));
+      if (visiblePoints.length) {
+        const { point, anchor } = visiblePoints[0];
        const exactPick = (viewer.scene.drillPick(anchor, 16) || []).find((picked) => (
          picked?.primitive === point && picked?.id === point.id
        ));
@@ -1359,7 +1407,6 @@ async function main() {
          maxDistance: point.distanceDisplayCondition?.far ?? null,
          pickable: Boolean(exactPick),
        };
-        break;
      }
      return {
        source,
@@ -1875,7 +1922,10 @@ async function main() {
        hudVariant: manager.hud.getVariant(),
        focusId: document.activeElement?.id || null,
      };
-      const waitForLayout = () => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 320));
+      const waitForLayout = async () => {
+        await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 320));
+        await new Promise((resolve) => requestAnimationFrame(() => requestAnimationFrame(resolve)));
+      };
      const cases = [];

      manager.setPanelCollapsed('global-context-panel', true);
@@ -1952,7 +2002,10 @@ async function main() {
      // owns the real tracked-aircraft camera session. Hold the frame update so
      // the intentionally synthetic Cockpit shell is not auto-exited mid-check.
      const realCockpitUpdate = manager.cockpitView.update;
-      const waitForLayout = () => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 320));
+      const waitForLayout = async () => {
+        await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 320));
+        await new Promise((resolve) => requestAnimationFrame(() => requestAnimationFrame(resolve)));
+      };
      const prior = {
        cockpit: document.body.classList.contains('cockpit-mode'),
        cockpitActive: manager.cockpitView.active,
@@ -2057,7 +2110,10 @@ async function main() {
      };
      // The Intel HUD fades over 400ms and keeps its readout rects for the
      // whole transition, so both lanes are measured only once it has settled.
-      const waitForHudSettle = () => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 560));
+      const waitForHudSettle = async () => {
+        await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 560));
+        await new Promise((resolve) => requestAnimationFrame(() => requestAnimationFrame(resolve)));
+      };
      for (let index = 0; index < 5; index += 1) {
        recordLayoutStep();
        if (index < 4) {
@@ -2208,14 +2264,17 @@ async function main() {
        const stableTop = utility.getBoundingClientRect().top;
        const transitionTops = [];
        let sampling = true;
+        let sampleFrame = null;
        const sampleTop = () => {
+          if (!sampling) return;
          transitionTops.push(utility.getBoundingClientRect().top);
-          if (sampling) requestAnimationFrame(sampleTop);
+          sampleFrame = requestAnimationFrame(sampleTop);
        };
-        requestAnimationFrame(sampleTop);
+        sampleFrame = requestAnimationFrame(sampleTop);
        await manager._setMapStack('osm', { syncShare: false });
        await waitForLayout();
        sampling = false;
+        cancelAnimationFrame(sampleFrame);
        mapProviderUtilityStable = transitionTops.length > 1
          && transitionTops.every((top) => Math.abs(top - stableTop) < 1);
      }
@@ -2652,9 +2711,15 @@ async function main() {
      const radio = window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('radio').module;
      await radio.play();
      const beforeSpace = radio.getUIState().audioState;
-      document.dispatchEvent(new KeyboardEvent('keydown', { bubbles: true, code: 'Space', key: ' ' }));
+      // Simulate an already-started hold-Space session; click-started open mic
+      // deliberately ignores Space takeover, and short taps never claim voice.
+      const priorPushToTalkMode = voice.pushToTalkMode;
+      voice.pushToTalkMode = true;
+      document.dispatchEvent(new KeyboardEvent('keydown', { bubbles: true, cancelable: true, code: 'Space', key: ' ' }));
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 700));
      const afterSpace = radio.getUIState().audioState;
-      document.dispatchEvent(new KeyboardEvent('keyup', { bubbles: true, code: 'Space', key: ' ' }));
+      document.dispatchEvent(new KeyboardEvent('keyup', { bubbles: true, cancelable: true, code: 'Space', key: ' ' }));
+      voice.pushToTalkMode = priorPushToTalkMode;
      await radio.play();
      voice.setVoiceSpeaker('ai');
      return { beforeSpace, afterSpace, afterAi: radio.getUIState().audioState };
@@ -2719,7 +2784,7 @@ async function main() {
      const dialRect = document.querySelector('.radio-tuner-dial').getBoundingClientRect();
      const sliderRect = slider.getBoundingClientRect();
      const panelRect = document.querySelector('.radio-panel-inner').getBoundingClientRect();
-      const count = style._radioTunerStations.length;
+      const count = style._radioControls._radioTunerStations.length;
      const usable = sliderRect.width - 14;
      const xFor = (coordinate) => sliderRect.left + 7 + usable * coordinate / Math.max(1, count - 1);
      const pointer = (type, x, pointerId = 71) => slider.dispatchEvent(new PointerEvent(type, {
@@ -2745,7 +2810,7 @@ async function main() {
        };
      };
      const playsBefore = window.__qaRadioPlayCalls.length;
-      const frozenSignature = style._radioTunerBandSignature;
+      const frozenSignature = style._radioControls._radioTunerBandSignature;
      pointer('pointerdown', xFor(0));
      const left = snapshot();
      const centerCoordinate = (count - 1) / 2;
@@ -2765,14 +2830,14 @@ async function main() {
        visible: !document.getElementById('radio-tuner').hidden,
        stationCount: count,
        sliderMax: Number(slider.max),
-        bandFrozen: style._radioTunerBandSignature === frozenSignature,
+        bandFrozen: style._radioControls._radioTunerBandSignature === frozenSignature,
        left,
        center,
        shifted,
        right,
-        leftExpectedId: style._radioTunerStations[0]?.id || null,
-        centerExpectedId: style._radioTunerStations[Math.floor(centerCoordinate + 0.5)]?.id || null,
-        rightExpectedId: style._radioTunerStations[count - 1]?.id || null,
+        leftExpectedId: style._radioControls._radioTunerStations[0]?.id || null,
+        centerExpectedId: style._radioControls._radioTunerStations[Math.floor(centerCoordinate + 0.5)]?.id || null,
+        rightExpectedId: style._radioControls._radioTunerStations[count - 1]?.id || null,
        centerExpected: Math.floor(centerCoordinate + 0.5),
        tapeDelta,
        needleDelta,
@@ -2817,7 +2882,7 @@ async function main() {
      const slider = document.getElementById('radio-tuner-slider');
      // Capture a fresh gesture's complete presentation anchor before moving
      // to a different absolute directory station.
-      const beforeStations = [...style._radioTunerStations];
+      const beforeStations = [...style._radioControls._radioTunerStations];
      const sliderRect = slider.getBoundingClientRect();
      const xFor = (index) => sliderRect.left + 7
        + (sliderRect.width - 14) * index / Math.max(1, beforeStations.length - 1);
@@ -2834,7 +2899,7 @@ async function main() {
      const flyToCalls = [];
      camera.flyTo = (options) => flyToCalls.push(options);
      const before = {
-        signature: style._radioTunerBandSignature,
+        signature: style._radioControls._radioTunerBandSignature,
        ids: beforeStations.map((station) => station.id),
        slot: Number(slider.value),
        selectedId: radio.getUIState().selected?.id || null,
@@ -2848,10 +2913,10 @@ async function main() {
        .find((entity) => String(entity.id).startsWith('radio:selected:'))?.id || null;
      const flyToCallsBeforeCancel = flyToCalls.length;
      pointer('pointercancel', targetIndex);
-      const afterStations = style._radioTunerStations;
+      const afterStations = style._radioControls._radioTunerStations;
      const afterState = radio.getUIState();
      const after = {
-        signature: style._radioTunerBandSignature,
+        signature: style._radioControls._radioTunerBandSignature,
        ids: afterStations.map((station) => station.id),
        slot: Number(slider.value),
        selectedId: afterState.selected?.id || null,
@@ -2972,7 +3037,7 @@ async function main() {
    const tunerRefreshTarget = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const gev = window.__godsEyeView;
      const slider = document.getElementById('radio-tuner-slider');
-      const stations = gev.styleManager._radioTunerStations;
+      const stations = gev.styleManager._radioControls._radioTunerStations;
      const targetIndex = 1;
      const rect = slider.getBoundingClientRect();
      const clientX = rect.left + 7 + (rect.width - 14) * targetIndex / Math.max(1, stations.length - 1);
@@ -3055,7 +3120,7 @@ async function main() {
      const max = Number(slider.max);
      const direction = startSlot < max ? 1 : -1;
      const targetIndex = startSlot + direction;
-      const targetId = gev.styleManager._radioTunerStations[targetIndex]?.id || null;
+      const targetId = gev.styleManager._radioControls._radioTunerStations[targetIndex]?.id || null;
      const rect = slider.getBoundingClientRect();
      const xFor = (index) => rect.left + 7 + (rect.width - 14) * index / Math.max(1, max);
      const pointer = (type, index) => slider.dispatchEvent(new PointerEvent(type, {
@@ -3106,18 +3171,18 @@ async function main() {
      const slider = document.getElementById('radio-tuner-slider');
      const targetIndex = 11;
      slider.dispatchEvent(new PointerEvent('pointercancel', { bubbles: true, pointerId: 1 }));
-      const station = gev.styleManager._radioTunerStations[targetIndex];
+      const station = gev.styleManager._radioControls._radioTunerStations[targetIndex];
      const rect = slider.getBoundingClientRect();
      const currentRatio = Number(slider.value) / Math.max(1, Number(slider.max));
      window.__qaRadioDelayNextPlay = true;
      return {
        id: station.id,
        targetIndex,
-        count: gev.styleManager._radioTunerStations.length,
-        frozenSignature: gev.styleManager._radioTunerBandSignature,
+        count: gev.styleManager._radioControls._radioTunerStations.length,
+        frozenSignature: gev.styleManager._radioControls._radioTunerBandSignature,
        startX: rect.left + 7 + (rect.width - 14) * currentRatio,
        targetX: rect.left + 7 + (rect.width - 14) * targetIndex
-          / Math.max(1, gev.styleManager._radioTunerStations.length - 1),
+          / Math.max(1, gev.styleManager._radioControls._radioTunerStations.length - 1),
        y: rect.top + rect.height / 2,
      };
    });
@@ -3135,11 +3200,11 @@ async function main() {
        audioState: state.audioState,
        tuningStatic: state.tuningStatic,
        awaiting: state.tuningAwaitingStationId,
-        signatureStable: gev.styleManager._radioTunerBandSignature === target.frozenSignature,
-        selectedIndex: gev.styleManager._radioTunerStations.findIndex((item) => item.id === state.selected?.id),
+        signatureStable: gev.styleManager._radioControls._radioTunerBandSignature === target.frozenSignature,
+        selectedIndex: gev.styleManager._radioControls._radioTunerStations.findIndex((item) => item.id === state.selected?.id),
        sliderSlot: Number(slider.value),
        ratio: Number(document.getElementById('radio-tuner').style.getPropertyValue('--radio-tuner-ratio')),
-        pinned: gev.styleManager._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation,
+        pinned: gev.styleManager._radioControls._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation,
      };
    }, tunerCommitTarget);
    check(
@@ -3183,7 +3248,7 @@ async function main() {
        y: rect.top + rect.height / 2,
        ratio,
        usableWidth: rect.width - 14,
-        signature: style._radioTunerBandSignature,
+        signature: style._radioControls._radioTunerBandSignature,
      };
    });
    const microDragSamples = [];
@@ -3199,7 +3264,7 @@ async function main() {
          pixelDelta,
          slot: Number(slider.value),
          ratio: Number(document.getElementById('radio-tuner').style.getPropertyValue('--radio-tuner-ratio')),
-          signature: style._radioTunerBandSignature,
+          signature: style._radioControls._radioTunerBandSignature,
        };
      }, delta));
    }
@@ -3238,9 +3303,9 @@ async function main() {
      const gev = window.__godsEyeView;
      const style = gev.styleManager;
      const before = {
-        signature: style._radioTunerBandSignature,
-        ids: style._radioTunerStations.map((station) => station.id),
-        selectedIndex: style._radioTunerStations.findIndex((station) => station.id === selectedId),
+        signature: style._radioControls._radioTunerBandSignature,
+        ids: style._radioControls._radioTunerStations.map((station) => station.id),
+        selectedIndex: style._radioControls._radioTunerStations.findIndex((station) => station.id === selectedId),
        needle: Number(document.getElementById('radio-tuner').style.getPropertyValue('--radio-tuner-ratio')),
      };
      const current = gev.viewer.camera.positionCartographic;
@@ -3256,11 +3321,11 @@ async function main() {
      });
      gev.viewer.camera.changed.raiseEvent();
      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 400));
-      const stations = gev.styleManager._radioTunerStations;
+      const stations = gev.styleManager._radioControls._radioTunerStations;
      const selectedIndex = stations.findIndex((station) => station.id === selectedId);
      return {
        before,
-        signature: style._radioTunerBandSignature,
+        signature: style._radioControls._radioTunerBandSignature,
        ids: stations.map((station) => station.id),
        count: stations.length,
        selectedIndex,
@@ -3279,14 +3344,14 @@ async function main() {
    const nextNeedleBefore = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const style = window.__godsEyeView.styleManager;
      const selectedId = window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('radio').module.getUIState().selected?.id;
-      const selectedIndex = style._radioTunerStations.findIndex((station) => station.id === selectedId);
-      const selectedPoolIndex = style._radioTunerPool.findIndex((station) => station.id === selectedId);
-      const expectedPoolIndex = (selectedPoolIndex + 1) % style._radioTunerPool.length;
+      const selectedIndex = style._radioControls._radioTunerStations.findIndex((station) => station.id === selectedId);
+      const selectedPoolIndex = style._radioControls._radioTunerPool.findIndex((station) => station.id === selectedId);
+      const expectedPoolIndex = (selectedPoolIndex + 1) % style._radioControls._radioTunerPool.length;
      return {
-        signature: style._radioTunerBandSignature,
+        signature: style._radioControls._radioTunerBandSignature,
        selectedIndex,
-        count: style._radioTunerStations.length,
-        expectedId: style._radioTunerPool[expectedPoolIndex]?.id || null,
+        count: style._radioControls._radioTunerStations.length,
+        expectedId: style._radioControls._radioTunerPool[expectedPoolIndex]?.id || null,
      };
    });
    await page.$eval('#radio-next-btn', (button) => button.click());
@@ -3294,15 +3359,15 @@ async function main() {
    const nextNeedleAfter = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const style = window.__godsEyeView.styleManager;
      const selectedId = window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('radio').module.getUIState().selected?.id;
-      const selectedIndex = style._radioTunerStations.findIndex((station) => station.id === selectedId);
+      const selectedIndex = style._radioControls._radioTunerStations.findIndex((station) => station.id === selectedId);
      return {
-        signature: style._radioTunerBandSignature,
+        signature: style._radioControls._radioTunerBandSignature,
        selectedId,
        selectedIndex,
-        count: style._radioTunerStations.length,
+        count: style._radioControls._radioTunerStations.length,
        sliderSlot: Number(document.getElementById('radio-tuner-slider').value),
        ratio: Number(document.getElementById('radio-tuner').style.getPropertyValue('--radio-tuner-ratio')),
-        pinned: style._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation,
+        pinned: style._radioControls._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation,
      };
    });
    check(
@@ -3322,13 +3387,14 @@ async function main() {
      const slider = document.getElementById('radio-tuner-slider');
      const key = (type, value) => slider.dispatchEvent(new KeyboardEvent(type, {
        bubbles: true,
+        cancelable: true,
        key: value,
      }));
      const markerId = () => gev.viewer.entities.values
        .find((entity) => String(entity.id).startsWith('radio:selected:'))?.id || null;
      const startIndex = Number(slider.value);
-      const expectedIndex = Math.min(style._radioTunerStations.length - 1, startIndex + 1);
-      const expectedId = style._radioTunerStations[expectedIndex]?.id || null;
+      const expectedIndex = Math.min(style._radioControls._radioTunerStations.length - 1, startIndex + 1);
+      const expectedId = style._radioControls._radioTunerStations[expectedIndex]?.id || null;
      const playsBefore = window.__qaRadioPlayCalls.length;
      key('keydown', 'ArrowRight');
      const preview = {
@@ -3353,7 +3419,7 @@ async function main() {
        tuningActive: radio.getUIState().tuningActive,
        playDelta: window.__qaRadioPlayCalls.length - committedPlays,
      };
-      const count = style._radioTunerStations.length;
+      const count = style._radioControls._radioTunerStations.length;
      const pageStep = Math.max(1, Math.round((count - 1) / 10));
      const previewAndCancel = (value, expectedSlot) => {
        const beforePlays = window.__qaRadioPlayCalls.length;
@@ -3376,7 +3442,8 @@ async function main() {
        previewAndCancel('PageUp', Math.min(count - 1, base + pageStep)),
        previewAndCancel('PageDown', Math.max(0, base - pageStep)),
      ];
-      return { startIndex, expectedIndex, expectedId, preview, committed, cancelled, navigation };
+      return { startIndex, expectedIndex, expectedId, preview, committed, cancelled, navigation,
+        panelStayedOpen: !document.getElementById('radio-panel').classList.contains('collapsed') };
    });
    check(
      'keyboard preview is silent, key release commits once, and Escape restores the committed station',
@@ -3388,7 +3455,8 @@ async function main() {
        && !tunerKeyboard.committed.tuningActive && tunerKeyboard.committed.playDelta === 1
        && tunerKeyboard.cancelled.selectedId === tunerKeyboard.expectedId
        && tunerKeyboard.cancelled.slot === tunerKeyboard.expectedIndex
-        && !tunerKeyboard.cancelled.tuningActive && tunerKeyboard.cancelled.playDelta === 0,
+        && !tunerKeyboard.cancelled.tuningActive && tunerKeyboard.cancelled.playDelta === 0
+        && tunerKeyboard.panelStayedOpen,
      JSON.stringify(tunerKeyboard),
    );
    check(
@@ -3405,7 +3473,7 @@ async function main() {
      const radio = gev.dataManager.layers.get('radio').module;
      const slider = document.getElementById('radio-tuner-slider');
      const rect = slider.getBoundingClientRect();
-      const count = style._radioTunerStations.length;
+      const count = style._radioControls._radioTunerStations.length;
      const centerIndex = Math.floor((count - 1) / 2 + 0.5);
      const clientX = rect.left + rect.width / 2;
      slider.dispatchEvent(new PointerEvent('pointerdown', {
@@ -3425,7 +3493,7 @@ async function main() {
        ratio: Number(document.getElementById('radio-tuner').style.getPropertyValue('--radio-tuner-ratio')),
        markerId: gev.viewer.entities.values
          .find((entity) => String(entity.id).startsWith('radio:selected:'))?.id || null,
-        expectedId: style._radioTunerStations[centerIndex]?.id || null,
+        expectedId: style._radioControls._radioTunerStations[centerIndex]?.id || null,
      };
      slider.dispatchEvent(new PointerEvent('pointercancel', {
        bubbles: true,
@@ -3450,7 +3518,7 @@ async function main() {
    const fullPoolNavigation = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const gev = window.__godsEyeView;
      const radio = gev.dataManager.layers.get('radio').module;
-      const pool = gev.styleManager._radioTunerPool;
+      const pool = gev.styleManager._radioControls._radioTunerPool;
      const ids = pool.map((station) => station.id);
      const selectWithoutPlayback = (index) => radio.selectStation(ids[index], {
        autoplay: false,
@@ -3500,7 +3568,7 @@ async function main() {
      const gev = window.__godsEyeView;
      const slider = document.getElementById('radio-tuner-slider');
      const rect = slider.getBoundingClientRect();
-      const count = gev.styleManager._radioTunerStations.length;
+      const count = gev.styleManager._radioControls._radioTunerStations.length;
      const current = Number(slider.value);
      const target = Math.min(count - 1, current + 4);
      const xFor = (index) => rect.left + 7 + (rect.width - 14) * index / Math.max(1, count - 1);
@@ -3695,7 +3763,7 @@ async function main() {
      Array.from({ length: gev.viewer.dataSources.length }, (_, index) => gev.viewer.dataSources.get(index))
        .find((item) => item.name === 'Radio stations').clustering.enabled = true;
      radio.selectStation('00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001', { autoplay: false, focus: false });
-      const pool = gev.styleManager._radioTunerPool;
+      const pool = gev.styleManager._radioControls._radioTunerPool;
      const selectedIndex = pool.findIndex((station) => station.id === radio.getUIState().selected?.id);
      window.__qaRadioExpectedPrimary = pool[(selectedIndex + 1) % pool.length];
      window.__qaRadioExpectedFallback = pool[(selectedIndex + 2) % pool.length];
@@ -4390,7 +4458,10 @@ async function main() {
    });
    await page.click('#context-radio-toggle-btn');
    await page.waitForFunction(() => !document.getElementById('radio-panel').classList.contains('collapsed'));
-    await sleep(450);
+    await page.waitForFunction((priorScroll) => (
+      document.activeElement?.getAttribute('data-collapse-target') === 'radio-panel'
+      && document.querySelector('#global-context-panel .global-context-panel-inner').scrollTop > priorScroll
+    ), { timeout: 10_000 }, expandedContextRadioBefore.scrollTop);
    const expandedContextRadioAfter = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const gev = window.__godsEyeView;
      gev.styleManager._renderRadioState(gev.dataManager.layers.get('radio').module.getUIState());
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+/** Exercise the real UI disposal path, including unrelated resource owners. */
+import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
+const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
+  headless: true,
+  args: [
+    '--no-sandbox',
+    ...(process.platform === 'darwin'
+      ? ['--use-angle=metal', '--enable-gpu']
+      : ['--use-gl=angle', '--use-angle=swiftshader']),
+  ],
+});
+const page = await browser.newPage();
+const errors = [];
+page.on('pageerror', (error) => errors.push(error.message));
+let failures = 0;
+function check(name, ok) {
+  console.log(`[${ok ? 'PASS' : 'FAIL'}] ${name}`);
+  if (!ok) failures++;
+}
+try {
+  await page.goto(
+    `${process.env.QA_BASE_URL || 'http://localhost:4173'}/?welcome=0`,
+    { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' },
+  );
+  await page.waitForFunction(
+    () =>
+      window.__godsEyeView?.styleManager?._dataManager &&
+      document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'),
+    { timeout: 60000 },
+  );
+  const result = await page.evaluate(async () => {
+    const ui = window.__godsEyeView.styleManager;
+    const counts = {};
+    const watchObserver = (name) => {
+      const observer = ui[name];
+      if (!observer) return false;
+      const disconnect = observer.disconnect.bind(observer);
+      counts[name] = 0;
+      observer.disconnect = () => {
+        counts[name]++;
+        return disconnect();
+      };
+      return true;
+    };
+    const observed = [
+      '_commandDockTrayObserver',
+      '_draggableResizeObserver',
+      '_leftStackResizeObserver',
+      '_rightStackResizeObserver',
+      '_leftStackMutationObserver',
+      '_rightStackMutationObserver',
+    ].filter(watchObserver);
+    const cctvUnsubscribe = ui._cctvUnsubscribe;
+    counts.cctv = 0;
+    if (cctvUnsubscribe)
+      ui._cctvUnsubscribe = () => {
+        counts.cctv++;
+        return cctvUnsubscribe();
+      };
+    const resizeHandler = ui._windowResizeHandler;
+    const removeEventListener = window.removeEventListener;
+    counts.resize = 0;
+    window.removeEventListener = function (type, callback, options) {
+      if (type === 'resize' && callback === resizeHandler) counts.resize++;
+      return removeEventListener.call(this, type, callback, options);
+    };
+    try {
+      await ui.dispose();
+      const once = JSON.stringify(counts);
+      await ui.dispose();
+      window.dispatchEvent(new Event('resize'));
+      await new Promise((resolve) =>
+        requestAnimationFrame(() => requestAnimationFrame(resolve)),
+      );
+      return {
+        connected: Boolean(
+          cctvUnsubscribe &&
+          resizeHandler &&
+          observed.includes('_commandDockTrayObserver'),
+        ),
+        observersReleased: observed.every(
+          (name) => counts[name] === 1 && ui[name] === null,
+        ),
+        subscriptionReleased: counts.cctv === 1 && ui._cctvUnsubscribe === null,
+        resizeReleased: counts.resize === 1 && ui._windowResizeHandler === null,
+        controlsReleased:
+          ui._radioControls.destroyed && ui._locationControls.destroyed,
+        idempotent: once === JSON.stringify(counts),
+      };
+    } finally {
+      window.removeEventListener = removeEventListener;
+    }
+  });
+  check(
+    'real UI has the expected live resources before disposal',
+    result.connected,
+  );
+  check(
+    'UI disposal disconnects each active panel observer once',
+    result.observersReleased,
+  );
+  check(
+    'UI disposal releases the CCTV state subscription',
+    result.subscriptionReleased,
+  );
+  check(
+    'UI disposal removes the registered window resize handler',
+    result.resizeReleased,
+  );
+  check(
+    'Radio and Location controls are disposed with the UI',
+    result.controlsReleased,
+  );
+  check('repeated UI disposal is inert', result.idempotent);
+  check(
+    'disposal and subsequent resize produce no uncaught browser errors',
+    errors.length === 0,
+  );
+} finally {
+  await browser.close();
+}
+if (failures) process.exitCode = 1;
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+import { readFileSync as readRadioSource } from 'node:fs';
+const radioBindings = readRadioSource(new URL('./ui/radioBindings.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
+const radioPresentation = readRadioSource(new URL('./ui/radioPresentation.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
@@ -248,8 +251,8 @@ test('Cockpit owns a focused shared Display portal and compact Radio controls',
  assert.match(css, /is-expanded:has\(\[data-cockpit-launcher="display"\]\)[\s\S]*?box-shadow:\s*0 8px 32px rgba\(0, 0, 0, \.42\)/);
  assert.match(css, /\.cockpit-utility-control\.is-expanded \.cockpit-utility-launcher\s*\{[\s\S]*?border:\s*0;[\s\S]*?background:\s*transparent;[\s\S]*?box-shadow:\s*none;/);
  assert.match(css, /\.cockpit-utility-control\.is-expanded \.cockpit-utility-divider\s*\{[\s\S]*?linear-gradient\(90deg, rgb\(0 212 255 \/ 28%\), rgba\(0, 212, 255, 0\.18\) 58%, transparent\)[\s\S]*?box-shadow:\s*0 0 7px rgba\(0, 212, 255, \.22\);/);
-  assert.match(ui, /this\._cockpitDisplayToggleBtn\.textContent = displayOpen \? '▶' : '◀';/);
-  assert.match(ui, /this\._cockpitRadioToggleBtn\.textContent = radioOpen \? '▶' : '◀';/);
+  assert.match(radioBindings, /this\._cockpitDisplayToggleBtn\.textContent = displayOpen \? '▶' : '◀';/);
+  assert.match(radioBindings, /this\._cockpitRadioToggleBtn\.textContent = radioOpen \? '▶' : '◀';/);
  assert.match(css, /#cockpit-display-panel\s*\{[\s\S]*?display:\s*flex;[\s\S]*?gap:\s*7px;[\s\S]*?padding:\s*0;[\s\S]*?border-top:\s*0;/);
  assert.doesNotMatch(ui, /--cockpit-display-tab-width/);
  // These two widths size Cockpit Radio and nothing else. They were named for
@@ -307,7 +310,7 @@ test('Clear Selected Layers uses one adopted batch and discards Context restorat
  assert.match(ui, /this\._contextModeGeneration[\s\S]*?this\._contextSessionSnapshot = null;[\s\S]*?this\._contextRestoreState = null;/);
  assert.match(ui, /if \(this\._contextRestoreState\) this\._contextRestoreState\.cancelled = true/);
  assert.match(ui, /if \(restoreState\.cancelled\) return;[\s\S]*?settleContextIntentReplay/);
-  assert.match(ui, /!this\._preservePanelStateDuringLayerClear[\s\S]*?this\.setPanelCollapsed\('radio-panel', true\)/);
+  assert.match(radioPresentation, /!this\.actions\.preservePanelStateDuringClear\(\)[\s\S]*?this\.actions\.setPanelCollapsed\('radio-panel', true\)/);
  assert.match(ui, /this\._userFacingContextNotificationTokens\.add\(notificationToken\)/);
 });

@@ -320,16 +323,13 @@ test('Cockpit Display portal retains both scroll owners across round trips', ()
 });

 test('Cockpit side surfaces behave as two single-expanded accordions', () => {
-  assert.match(
-    ui,
-    /if \(displayOpen \|\| radioOpen\) this\.cockpitView\?\.setSignalCollapsed\(true\);/,
+  assert.match(radioBindings,
+    /if \(displayOpen \|\| radioOpen\) this\.actions\.setSignalCollapsed\(true\);/,
  );
-  assert.match(
-    ui,
+  assert.match(radioBindings,
    /'gev:cockpit-signal-expanded'[\s\S]*?setCockpitDisclosure\('display', false\);/,
  );
-  assert.match(
-    ui,
+  assert.match(radioBindings,
    /'gev:cockpit-context-expanded'[\s\S]*?setPanelCollapsed\('data-panel', true\);/,
  );
  assert.match(
@@ -341,13 +341,11 @@ test('Cockpit side surfaces behave as two single-expanded accordions', () => {
    /nextCollapsed && this\.cockpitView\?\.active && panelId === 'data-panel'[\s\S]*?_cockpitContextCollapsedForDataPanel[\s\S]*?this\.cockpitView\.setContextCollapsed\(false\);/,
    'closing Data Layers must restore Contact only after an automatic collapse',
  );
-  assert.match(
-    ui,
+  assert.match(ui,
    /const wasCollapsed = this\.contextCollapsed;[\s\S]*?this\.active && wasCollapsed && !this\.contextCollapsed[\s\S]*?'gev:cockpit-context-expanded'/,
    'Contact expansion must notify only on a collapsed-to-expanded transition',
  );
-  assert.match(
-    ui,
+  assert.match(ui,
    /const wasCollapsed = this\.signalCollapsed;[\s\S]*?this\.active && wasCollapsed && !this\.signalCollapsed[\s\S]*?'gev:cockpit-signal-expanded'/,
    'Live Signals expansion must notify only on a collapsed-to-expanded transition',
  );
@@ -356,13 +354,13 @@ test('Cockpit side surfaces behave as two single-expanded accordions', () => {
    /setSignalCollapsed\(collapsed, \{ user = false \} = \{\}\)[\s\S]*?if \(user\) this\.signalUserCollapsed = this\.signalCollapsed/,
  );
  assert.match(
-    ui,
-    /!displayOpen && !radioOpen[\s\S]*?this\.cockpitView\?\.active[\s\S]*?!this\.cockpitView\.signalUserCollapsed[\s\S]*?setSignalCollapsed\(false\)/,
+    radioBindings,
+    /!displayOpen\s*&&\s*!radioOpen[\s\S]*?this\.actions\.isCockpitActive\(\)[\s\S]*?!this\.actions\.signalUserCollapsed\(\)[\s\S]*?setSignalCollapsed\(false\)/,
    'Live Signals should reopen only after both utility panels close and no manual collapse is retained',
  );
  assert.match(
-    ui,
-    /event\.target\?\.closest\?\.\('#left-panel-stack, #cockpit-context'\)\) return;[\s\S]*?setCockpitDisclosure\('display', false\);/,
+    radioBindings,
+    /event\.target\?\.closest\?\.\('#left-panel-stack, #cockpit-context'\)\)\s*return;[\s\S]*?setCockpitDisclosure\('display', false\);/,
    'left-side interactions must not collapse the independent Cockpit utilities',
  );
 });
@@ -505,18 +503,18 @@ test('Location navigation releases immediate routes before flight and deferred r
 });

 test('Cockpit Radio station changes preserve first-person camera ownership', () => {
-  const cycleHelper = ui.match(/const cycleRadio = \(direction, \{ rotate = true \} = \{\}\) => \{([\s\S]*?)\n    \};/);
+  const cycleHelper = radioBindings.match(/const cycleRadio = \(direction, \{ rotate = true \} = \{\}\) => \{([\s\S]*?)\n  \};/);
  assert.ok(cycleHelper, 'shared Radio cycle helper is missing');
  assert.match(cycleHelper[1], /cycleStation\(direction, \{[\s\S]*?rotate,/);
-  assert.match(ui, /_radioPrevBtn\?\.addEventListener\('click', \(\) => cycleRadio\(-1\)\)/);
-  assert.match(ui, /_contextRadioMiniNextBtn\?\.addEventListener\('click', \(\) => cycleRadio\(1\)\)/);
+  assert.match(radioBindings, /listen\(this\._radioPrevBtn, 'click', \(\) => cycleRadio\(-1\)\)/);
+  assert.match(radioBindings, /listen\(this\._contextRadioMiniNextBtn, 'click', \(\) => cycleRadio\(1\)\)/);
  assert.match(
-    ui,
-    /_cockpitRadioPrevBtn\?\.addEventListener\('click', \(\) => cycleRadio\(-1, \{ rotate: false \}\)\)/,
+    radioBindings,
+    /listen\(this\._cockpitRadioPrevBtn, 'click', \(\) =>\s*cycleRadio\(-1, \{ rotate: false \}\),?\s*\)/,
  );
  assert.match(
-    ui,
-    /_cockpitRadioNextBtn\?\.addEventListener\('click', \(\) => cycleRadio\(1, \{ rotate: false \}\)\)/,
+    radioBindings,
+    /listen\(this\._cockpitRadioNextBtn, 'click', \(\) =>\s*cycleRadio\(1, \{ rotate: false \}\),?\s*\)/,
  );
 });

@@ -653,9 +651,9 @@ test('Cockpit Display portals shared HUD, Detection, Parameters, and 3D controls
  assert.equal((html.match(/id="param-slider-panel"/g) || []).length, 1);
  assert.match(html, /data-cockpit-display-slot="detection"[\s\S]*?data-cockpit-display-slot="parameters"[\s\S]*?data-cockpit-display-slot="models3d"/);
  assert.match(ui, /_revealStyleParameters\(\) \{[\s\S]*?if \(this\._cockpitDisplayPortalActive\) return;/);
-  assert.match(ui, /closest\?\.\('\.cockpit-vision-controls'\)\) return;/);
+  assert.match(radioBindings, /closest\?\.\('\.cockpit-vision-controls'\)\) return;/);
  assert.match(ui, /_revealCockpitStyleParameters\(\{ openDisplay = false \} = \{\}\) \{[\s\S]*?openDisplay[\s\S]*?_setCockpitDisclosure\?\.\('display', true\)[\s\S]*?aria-expanded'\) !== 'true'[\s\S]*?classList\.remove\('collapsed'\)/);
-  assert.match(ui, /if \(displayOpen\) this\._revealCockpitStyleParameters\(\);/);
+  assert.match(radioBindings, /if \(displayOpen\) this\.actions\.revealStyleParameters\(\);/);
  assert.match(ui, /setVisionMode\(modes\[nextIndex\], \{ revealParameters: true \}\);/);
  assert.match(css, /\.cockpit-display-slot\s*\{[\s\S]*?display:\s*block;[\s\S]*?min-width:\s*0;/);
  assert.match(css, /#cockpit-display-panel \.pp-toggle-group\s*\{\s*width:\s*100%/);
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+import { readFileSync as readRadioSource } from 'node:fs';
+const radioBindings = readRadioSource(new URL('./ui/radioBindings.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
+const radioPresentation = readRadioSource(new URL('./ui/radioPresentation.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
+const radioControlsSource = readRadioSource(new URL('./ui/radioControls.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
 // Source-contract pins for StyleManager's Context-session handler ordering.
 // ui.js cannot be imported headlessly (it touches the DOM at module scope), so
 // these read the shipped source — the idiom established by cockpitMarkup /
@@ -173,23 +177,24 @@ test('every user-facing Context exit route settles through the failure surface',
 });

 test('the Radio chip catches lifecycle rejection and semantic false through the toast wrapper', () => {
-  const radioControls = src.slice(
-    src.indexOf('const toggleRadio = async (trigger) => {'),
-    src.indexOf("this._radioFilter?.addEventListener('change'"),
+  const radioControls = radioBindings.slice(
+    radioBindings.indexOf('const toggleRadio = async (trigger) => {'),
+    radioBindings.indexOf("this.listen(this._radioFilter, 'change'"),
  );
-  assert.match(radioControls, /await this\._runUserFacingContextAction\(/);
+  assert.match(radioControls, /await this\.actions\.runUserAction\(/);
  assert.match(radioControls, /Radio could not \$\{enabling \? 'start' : 'stop'\} cleanly/);
-  assert.match(radioControls, /if \(toggled === false\) return/);
+  assert.match(radioControls, /if \(this\.destroyed \|\| toggled === false\) return/);
 });

 test('only the expanded Radio Enable gesture requests the contained post-enable reveal', () => {
-  const radioControls = src.slice(
-    src.indexOf('const toggleRadio = async (trigger) => {'),
-    src.indexOf("this._radioFilter?.addEventListener('change'"),
+  const radioControls = radioBindings.slice(
+    radioBindings.indexOf('const toggleRadio = async (trigger) => {'),
+    radioBindings.indexOf("this.listen(this._radioFilter, 'change'"),
  );
  assert.match(radioControls, /revealAfterEnable = enabling && trigger === this\._radioEnableBtn/);
-  assert.match(radioControls, /if \(revealAfterEnable\) await this\._revealRadioControlsAfterExplicitEnable\(trigger\)/);
-  assert.equal((src.match(/_revealRadioControlsAfterExplicitEnable\(trigger\)/g) || []).length, 2);
+  assert.match(radioControls, /if \(revealAfterEnable\)\s*await this\._revealRadioControlsAfterExplicitEnable\(trigger\)/);
+  assert.equal((radioBindings.match(/_revealRadioControlsAfterExplicitEnable\(trigger\)/g) || []).length, 1);
+  assert.match(radioControlsSource, /async _revealRadioControlsAfterExplicitEnable\(trigger\)/);
 });

 test('right-rail context entry is transactional: activation result gates the mode', () => {
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+import { readFileSync as readRadioSource } from 'node:fs';
+const radioBindings = readRadioSource(new URL('./ui/radioBindings.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
+const radioPresentation = readRadioSource(new URL('./ui/radioPresentation.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
+const radioControlsSource = readRadioSource(new URL('./ui/radioControls.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
 import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
 import { test } from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
@@ -136,14 +140,8 @@ test('Context async action buttons remain focused while busy', () => {
    ui.indexOf('_initGlobalContextPanel() {'),
    ui.indexOf('async _runUserFacingContextAction(', ui.indexOf('_initGlobalContextPanel() {')),
  );
-  const radio = ui.slice(
-    ui.indexOf('const toggleRadio = async (trigger) => {'),
-    ui.indexOf('this._contextRadioToggleBtn?.addEventListener', ui.indexOf('const toggleRadio = async (trigger) => {')),
-  );
-  const radioSync = ui.slice(
-    ui.indexOf('_renderRadioState(state) {'),
-    ui.indexOf('if (this._radioFilter)', ui.indexOf('_renderRadioState(state) {')),
-  );
+  const radio = radioBindings.slice(radioBindings.indexOf('const toggleRadio = async (trigger) => {'), radioBindings.indexOf('this.listen(this._contextRadioToggleBtn,'));
+  const radioSync = radioPresentation.slice(0, radioPresentation.indexOf('if (this._radioFilter)'));
  const clear = ui.slice(
    ui.indexOf('clearSelectedLayers() {'),
    ui.indexOf('resetToGlobeView() {', ui.indexOf('clearSelectedLayers() {')),
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+export { radioTunerSlot, radioTunerCommitSlot, radioTunerPointerPosition, buildRadioTunerTicks } from '../ui/radioTunerModel.js';
 /**
 * Internet-radio station directory and direct-playback layer.
 *
@@ -945,93 +946,6 @@ export function radioStationIdFromPick(picked) {
  return null;
 }

-/** Map an integer tuner slot directly to one available directory station. */
-export function radioTunerSlot(value, stationCount) {
-  const count = Math.max(0, Math.floor(Number(stationCount) || 0));
-  if (!count) return { slot: 0, max: 0, locked: false, stationIndex: -1, leftIndex: -1, rightIndex: -1 };
-  const max = Math.max(0, count - 1);
-  const slot = Math.min(max, Math.max(0, Math.round(Number(value) || 0)));
-  return {
-    slot,
-    max,
-    locked: true,
-    stationIndex: slot,
-    leftIndex: slot,
-    rightIndex: slot,
-  };
-}
-
-/** Snap a tuner release to the nearest available directory station. */
-export function radioTunerCommitSlot(value, stationCount) {
-  return radioTunerSlot(value, stationCount);
-}
-
-/** Map one pointer coordinate to continuous absolute directory progress. */
-export function radioTunerPointerPosition(clientX, left, width, stationCount, insetPx = 7) {
-  const count = Math.max(0, Math.floor(Number(stationCount) || 0));
-  if (!count) return { ratio: 0, coordinate: 0, stationIndex: -1 };
-  if (count === 1) return { ratio: 0.5, coordinate: 0, stationIndex: 0 };
-  const inset = Math.max(0, Number(insetPx) || 0);
-  const usableWidth = Math.max(1, (Number(width) || 0) - inset * 2);
-  const ratio = Math.min(1, Math.max(0, ((Number(clientX) || 0) - (Number(left) || 0) - inset) / usableWidth));
-  const coordinate = ratio * (count - 1);
-  return {
-    ratio,
-    coordinate,
-    stationIndex: Math.min(count - 1, Math.max(0, Math.floor(coordinate + 0.5))),
-  };
-}
-
-/** Build a bounded virtual tuner tape around one continuous directory coordinate. */
-export function buildRadioTunerTicks(coordinate, stationCount, width, {
-  insetPx = 7,
-  minPitchPx = 14,
-  speedFactor = 5,
-  overscan = 2,
-  labelStep = 6,
-} = {}) {
-  const count = Math.max(0, Math.floor(Number(stationCount) || 0));
-  const dialWidth = Math.max(0, Number(width) || 0);
-  const inset = Math.max(0, Number(insetPx) || 0);
-  const usableWidth = Math.max(0, dialWidth - inset * 2);
-  if (!count) return { ticks: [], needleX: inset, pitchPx: 0, ratio: 0 };
-  const value = Math.min(count - 1, Math.max(0, Number(coordinate) || 0));
-  if (count === 1) {
-    return {
-      ticks: [{ stationIndex: 0, channel: 1, xPx: inset + usableWidth / 2, current: true, label: '01' }],
-      needleX: inset + usableWidth / 2,
-      pitchPx: Math.max(1, Number(minPitchPx) || 14),
-      ratio: 0.5,
-    };
-  }
-  const directoryStep = usableWidth / (count - 1);
-  const pitchPx = Math.max(
-    Math.max(1, Number(minPitchPx) || 14),
-    directoryStep * Math.max(1, Number(speedFactor) || 5),
-  );
-  const needleX = inset + directoryStep * value;
-  const overscanPx = pitchPx * Math.max(0, Number(overscan) || 0);
-  const first = Math.max(0, Math.ceil(value + (-overscanPx - needleX) / pitchPx));
-  const last = Math.min(count - 1, Math.floor(value + (dialWidth + overscanPx - needleX) / pitchPx));
-  const currentIndex = Math.min(count - 1, Math.max(0, Math.floor(value + 0.5)));
-  const majorEvery = Math.max(1, Math.floor(Number(labelStep) || 6));
-  const labelWidth = Math.max(2, String(count).length);
-  const ticks = [];
-  for (let stationIndex = first; stationIndex <= last; stationIndex += 1) {
-    const channel = stationIndex + 1;
-    const current = stationIndex === currentIndex;
-    const labelled = current || stationIndex === 0 || stationIndex === count - 1 || channel % majorEvery === 0;
-    ticks.push({
-      stationIndex,
-      channel,
-      xPx: needleX + pitchPx * (stationIndex - value),
-      current,
-      label: labelled ? String(channel).padStart(labelWidth, '0') : '',
-    });
-  }
-  return { ticks, needleX, pitchPx, ratio: value / (count - 1) };
-}
-
 /** Plan a station-centered camera move that preserves altitude and view angle. */
 export function radioStationCameraPlan(station, cameraState = {}) {
  const targetLat = Number(station?.lat);
@@ -263,14 +263,14 @@ test('an overlay with NO class to watch still disarms the launcher', () => {
 });

 test('one ESC does one thing — the radio disclosure stops the launcher outright', () => {
-  const ui = fs.readFileSync(new URL('./ui.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
+  const ui = fs.readFileSync(new URL('./ui/radioBindings.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
  const module = fs.readFileSync(new URL('./firstRunExperience.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');

  // stopPropagation() does NOT stop later listeners on the SAME document, so the
  // disclosure's earlier capture handler closed the disclosure and the launcher
  // dismissed itself off the same key. The earlier listener is the only one that
  // can stop the later one — and only the immediate form does it.
-  const radioEsc = ui.slice(ui.indexOf("if (event.key !== 'Escape' || !this._contextRadioDock"));
+  const radioEsc = ui.slice(ui.indexOf("event.key !== 'Escape' ||"));
  const claim = radioEsc.slice(0, radioEsc.indexOf('setRadioDisclosure(false'));
  assert.match(claim, /event\.preventDefault\(\);/);
  assert.match(claim, /event\.stopImmediatePropagation\(\);/);
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+import { readFileSync as readRadioSource } from 'node:fs';
+const radioBindings = readRadioSource(new URL('./ui/radioBindings.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
+const radioPresentation = readRadioSource(new URL('./ui/radioPresentation.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
+const radioControlsSource = readRadioSource(new URL('./ui/radioControls.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
 import { bindPanelDisclosure, collapsePanelOnEscape } from './ui/panelDisclosure.js';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
@@ -155,16 +159,16 @@ test('Cockpit Escape collapses Contact or Live Signals before exiting Cockpit',

 test('Cockpit utility Escape leaves an expanded nested Parameters panel to the shared handler', () => {
  assert.match(
-    source,
-    /const nestedPanel = event\.target\?\.closest\?\.\('\.panel-collapsible:not\(\.collapsed\), #param-slider-panel:not\(\.collapsed\)'\);[\s\S]*?if \(nestedPanel\) return;[\s\S]*?setCockpitDisclosure/,
+    radioBindings,
+    /const nestedPanel = event\.target\?\.closest\?\.\(\s*'\.panel-collapsible:not\(\.collapsed\), #param-slider-panel:not\(\.collapsed\)',?\s*\);[\s\S]*?if \(nestedPanel\) return;[\s\S]*?setCockpitDisclosure/,
  );
  assert.match(
-    source,
+    radioBindings,
    /const kind = displayOpen \? 'display' : 'radio';[\s\S]*?escapedFromDisclosure[\s\S]*?returnFocus: !escapedFromDisclosure[\s\S]*?disclosure\?\.blur/,
    'Cockpit utility disclosures clear their own focus when Escape closes them',
  );
  assert.match(
-    source,
+    radioBindings,
    /_contextRadioDock\?\.classList\.contains\('disclosure-open'\)[\s\S]*?escapedFromDisclosure[\s\S]*?setRadioDisclosure\(false, \{ returnFocus: !escapedFromDisclosure \}\)[\s\S]*?_contextRadioToggleBtn\?\.blur/,
    'compact Radio disclosure clears its own focus when Escape closes it',
  );
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+import { readFileSync as readRadioSource } from 'node:fs';
+const radioBindings = readRadioSource(new URL('./ui/radioBindings.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
+const radioPresentation = readRadioSource(new URL('./ui/radioPresentation.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
+const radioControlsSource = readRadioSource(new URL('./ui/radioControls.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import { createHash } from 'node:crypto';
 import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
@@ -249,19 +253,19 @@ test('Radio is nested inside Context with separate disclosure and power controls
  assert.match(css, /--radio-broadcast-opacity: \.17/);
  assert.match(css, /@media \(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce\)[\s\S]*?\.radio-tuner-needle,[\s\S]*?\.radio-tuner-tick\s*\{\s*transition: none;/);
  assert.doesNotMatch(ui, /_radioTunerCameraRemove = this\.viewer\?\.camera\?\.changed/);
-  assert.match(ui, /classList\.toggle\('radio-broadcasting', state\.audioState === 'playing'\)/);
-  assert.match(ui, /cycleStation\(direction, \{[\s\S]*?rotate,[\s\S]*?stationIds:/);
-  const cycleStart = ui.indexOf('const cycleRadio = (direction, { rotate = true } = {}) =>');
-  const cycleMethod = ui.slice(cycleStart, ui.indexOf('const toggleRadio', cycleStart));
+  assert.match(radioPresentation, /classList\.toggle\('radio-broadcasting', state\.audioState === 'playing'\)/);
+  assert.match(radioBindings, /cycleStation\(direction, \{[\s\S]*?rotate,[\s\S]*?stationIds:/);
+  const cycleStart = radioBindings.indexOf('const cycleRadio = (direction, { rotate = true } = {}) =>');
+  const cycleMethod = radioBindings.slice(cycleStart, radioBindings.indexOf('const toggleRadio', cycleStart));
  assert.doesNotMatch(cycleMethod, /refreshTunerBand/);
-  assert.match(ui, /_radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation = true/);
-  assert.match(ui, /viewer\?\.canvas\?\.addEventListener\('pointerdown', releaseNavigationBand/);
-  assert.match(ui, /previewTuningStation\(station\?\.id \|\| null, \{ rotate \}\)/);
-  assert.match(ui, /tunerPreview\(\{ coordinate: this\._radioTunerCoordinate, rotate: commit \}\)/);
-  assert.match(ui, /radioLayer\.cancelTuning\(\)/);
-  assert.match(ui, /classList\.remove\('radio-broadcasting'\)/);
-  assert.match(ui, /radioLayer\.getTunerStations\(750\)/);
-  assert.match(ui, /radioTunerPointerPosition\(/);
+  assert.match(radioBindings, /_radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation = true/);
+  assert.match(radioBindings, /listen\(\s*this\.canvas,\s*'pointerdown',\s*releaseNavigationBand/);
+  assert.match(radioBindings, /previewTuningStation\(station\?\.id \|\| null, \{ rotate \}\)/);
+  assert.match(radioBindings, /tunerPreview\(\{\s*coordinate: this\._radioTunerCoordinate,\s*rotate: commit,?\s*\}\)/);
+  assert.match(radioBindings, /this\.radio\.cancelTuning\(\)/);
+  assert.match(radioControlsSource, /classList\.remove\('radio-broadcasting'\)/);
+  assert.match(radioBindings, /this\.radio\.getTunerStations\(750\)/);
+  assert.match(radioBindings, /radioTunerPointerPosition\(/);
  assert.doesNotMatch(css, /#right-context-rail\s*>\s*#radio-panel/);
  assert.match(css, /#global-context-panel #radio-panel\.collapsed/);
  assert.doesNotMatch(css, /\.context-radio-dock\.active:hover \.context-radio-mini/);
@@ -277,16 +281,15 @@ test('panel collapse is presentation-only and Radio exposes explicit voice playb
  assert.match(voice, /'radio'/);
  assert.match(voice, /name:\s*'control_radio'/);
  assert.deepEqual(realtimeTools().find(tool => tool.name === 'control_radio').parameters.properties.action.enum, ['enable', 'disable', 'play', 'resume', 'pause', 'stop', 'next', 'previous', 'volume', 'select', 'status']);
-  const enableStart = ui.lastIndexOf('\n  _initRadioPanel()');
-  const enableMethod = ui.slice(enableStart, ui.indexOf('\n  _renderRadioState(state)', enableStart));
+  const enableMethod = radioBindings;
  assert.doesNotMatch(enableMethod, /playSelectedRadio|togglePlayback\(\).*radio-enable/i);
  assert.match(enableMethod, /contextRadioToggleBtn/);
  assert.match(enableMethod, /contextRadioMiniEnableBtn/);
  assert.match(enableMethod, /contextRadioDetailsBtn/);
  assert.match(enableMethod, /contextRadioMiniCloseBtn/);
  assert.match(enableMethod, /contextRadioMiniPlayBtn/);
-  const disclosureStart = enableMethod.indexOf('this._contextRadioToggleBtn?.addEventListener');
-  const disclosureEnd = enableMethod.indexOf("this._radioFilter?.addEventListener", disclosureStart);
+  const disclosureStart = enableMethod.indexOf('this.listen(this._contextRadioToggleBtn,');
+  const disclosureEnd = enableMethod.indexOf("this.listen(this._radioFilter,", disclosureStart);
  const disclosureBindings = enableMethod.slice(disclosureStart, disclosureEnd);
  assert.ok(disclosureStart >= 0 && disclosureEnd > disclosureStart, 'compact Radio disclosure bindings are missing');
  assert.doesNotMatch(disclosureBindings, /toggleRadio\(this\._contextRadioToggleBtn\)/);
@@ -304,32 +307,29 @@ test('panel collapse is presentation-only and Radio exposes explicit voice playb
 });

 test('expanded Context routes its Radio icon to the embedded section and keeps collapsed Context compact', () => {
-  const revealStart = ui.indexOf('\n  async _revealRadioPanelInsideContext');
-  const revealEnd = ui.indexOf('\n  /**', revealStart + 10);
-  const revealMethod = ui.slice(revealStart, revealEnd);
+  const revealStart = radioControlsSource.indexOf('\n  async _revealRadioPanelInsideContext');
+  const revealEnd = radioControlsSource.indexOf('\n  /**', revealStart + 10);
+  const revealMethod = radioControlsSource.slice(revealStart, revealEnd);
  assert.ok(revealStart >= 0 && revealEnd > revealStart, 'embedded Radio reveal helper is missing');
  assert.match(revealMethod, /requestAnimationFrame\(\(\) => requestAnimationFrame/);
-  assert.match(revealMethod, /scroller\.scrollTo\(\{ top: next, behavior: reducedMotion \? 'auto' : 'smooth' \}\)/);
+  assert.match(revealMethod, /scroller\.scrollTo\(\{\s*top: next,\s*behavior: reducedMotion \? 'auto' : 'smooth',?\s*\}\)/);
  assert.match(revealMethod, /focus\?\.\(\{ preventScroll: true \}\)/);
  assert.doesNotMatch(revealMethod, /setEnabled|togglePlayback|selectStation|setContextMode/);

-  const syncStart = ui.indexOf('\n  _syncContextRadioLauncherState()');
-  const syncEnd = ui.indexOf('\n  /**', syncStart + 10);
-  const syncMethod = ui.slice(syncStart, syncEnd);
+  const syncStart = radioControlsSource.indexOf('\n  _syncContextRadioLauncherState()');
+  const syncEnd = radioControlsSource.indexOf('\n  destroy()', syncStart + 10);
+  const syncMethod = radioControlsSource.slice(syncStart, syncEnd);
  assert.ok(syncStart >= 0 && syncEnd > syncStart, 'Context Radio launcher state sync is missing');
-  assert.match(syncMethod, /contextExpanded[\s\S]*?aria-controls', 'radio-panel'[\s\S]*?aria-expanded', String\(radioExpanded\)/);
-  assert.match(syncMethod, /aria-controls', 'context-radio-mini'[\s\S]*?aria-expanded', String\(compactOpen\)/);
-  const renderStart = ui.indexOf('\n  _renderRadioState(state)');
-  const renderMethod = ui.slice(renderStart, ui.indexOf('\n  _renderRadioTuner', renderStart));
+  assert.match(syncMethod, /contextExpanded[\s\S]*?aria-controls', 'radio-panel'[\s\S]*?aria-expanded',\s*String\(radioExpanded\)/);
+  assert.match(syncMethod, /aria-controls',\s*'context-radio-mini'[\s\S]*?aria-expanded',\s*String\(compactOpen\)/);
+  const renderMethod = radioPresentation;
  assert.match(renderMethod, /this\._syncContextRadioLauncherState\(\)/);
  assert.doesNotMatch(renderMethod, /compact Radio controls/);
  assert.doesNotMatch(renderMethod, /_contextRadioToggleBtn\.setAttribute\('aria-(?:controls|expanded|label)'/);
 });

 test('Radio disclosure is explicit, starts closed while off, and preserves playback state', () => {
-  const renderStart = ui.indexOf('\n  _renderRadioState(state)');
-  const renderMethod = ui.slice(renderStart, ui.indexOf('\n  _renderRadioTuner', renderStart));
-  assert.ok(renderStart >= 0, 'Radio render method is missing');
+  const renderMethod = radioPresentation;
  assert.doesNotMatch(renderMethod, /setPanelCollapsed\('radio-panel', true\).*stopPlayback/s);
  assert.doesNotMatch(renderMethod, /_radioMiniExpanded\s*=\s*false.*audioState === 'playing'/s);
  assert.match(ui, /contextRadioDetailsBtn/);
@@ -346,8 +346,8 @@ test('successful explicit user playback hands the speaker from voice to Radio',
  assert.ok(confirmedPlaying >= 0 && takeoverSignal > confirmedPlaying);
  assert.match(radio, /startPlayback: \(\) => playSelectedRadio\(\{ origin: 'voice', attemptId: options\.attemptId \}\)/);
  assert.match(radio, /selectRadioStation\(stationId, \{ autoplay: true, origin: 'user' \}\)/);
-  assert.match(ui, /togglePlayback\(\{ origin: 'user' \}\)/);
-  assert.match(ui, /cycleStation\(direction, \{[\s\S]*?origin: 'user'/);
-  assert.match(ui, /commitTuningStation\(station\.id, \{ origin: 'user' \}\)/);
+  assert.match(radioBindings, /togglePlayback\(\{ origin: 'user' \}\)/);
+  assert.match(radioBindings, /cycleStation\(direction, \{[\s\S]*?origin: 'user'/);
+  assert.match(radioBindings, /commitTuningStation\(station\.id, \{ origin: 'user' \}\)/);
  assert.match(realtime, /event\.origin === 'user' && event\.action === 'play' && this\.isActive\(\)[\s\S]*?this\.stop\(\{ preserveRadioPlayback: true \}\)/);
 });
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+export { RadioControls } from './radioControls.js';
+export {
+  radioTunerSlot,
+  radioTunerCommitSlot,
+  radioTunerPointerPosition,
+  buildRadioTunerTicks,
+} from './radioTunerModel.js';
@@ -0,0 +1,810 @@
+import {
+  radioTunerSlot,
+  radioTunerCommitSlot,
+  radioTunerPointerPosition,
+  buildRadioTunerTicks,
+} from './radioTunerModel.js';
+
+/** Bind Radio input using a RadioControls receiver and supplied actions. */
+export function bindRadioControls() {
+  if (!this._radioPanel) return;
+  const tunerListenerOptions = {};
+  const setRadioDisclosure = (expanded, { returnFocus = false } = {}) => {
+    if (this.destroyed) return;
+    const open = Boolean(expanded);
+    this._contextRadioDock?.classList.toggle('disclosure-open', open);
+    if (this._contextRadioMini) this._contextRadioMini.hidden = !open;
+    this._syncContextRadioLauncherState();
+    if (!open && returnFocus)
+      this._contextRadioToggleBtn?.focus({ preventScroll: true });
+  };
+  this._setRadioDisclosure = setRadioDisclosure;
+  const setCockpitDisclosure = (
+    kind,
+    expanded,
+    { returnFocus = false } = {},
+  ) => {
+    if (this.destroyed) return;
+    const displayOpen = kind === 'display' && Boolean(expanded);
+    const radioOpen = kind === 'radio' && Boolean(expanded);
+    if (displayOpen || radioOpen) this.actions.setSignalCollapsed(true);
+    if (this._cockpitDisplayPanel)
+      this._cockpitDisplayPanel.hidden = !displayOpen;
+    if (this._cockpitRadioPanel) this._cockpitRadioPanel.hidden = !radioOpen;
+    this._cockpitDisplayToggleBtn
+      ?.closest('.cockpit-utility-control')
+      ?.classList.toggle('is-expanded', displayOpen);
+    this._cockpitRadioToggleBtn
+      ?.closest('.cockpit-utility-control')
+      ?.classList.toggle('is-expanded', radioOpen);
+    this._cockpitDisplayToggleBtn?.setAttribute(
+      'aria-expanded',
+      String(displayOpen),
+    );
+    this._cockpitRadioToggleBtn?.setAttribute(
+      'aria-expanded',
+      String(radioOpen),
+    );
+    if (displayOpen) this.actions.revealStyleParameters();
+    if (this._cockpitDisplayToggleBtn) {
+      const action = displayOpen ? 'Collapse' : 'Expand';
+      this._cockpitDisplayToggleBtn.textContent = displayOpen ? '▶' : '◀';
+      this._cockpitDisplayToggleBtn.setAttribute(
+        'aria-label',
+        `${action} Cockpit display options`,
+      );
+      this._cockpitDisplayToggleBtn.title = `${action} Cockpit display options`;
+    }
+    if (this._cockpitRadioToggleBtn) {
+      const action = radioOpen ? 'Collapse' : 'Expand';
+      this._cockpitRadioToggleBtn.textContent = radioOpen ? '▶' : '◀';
+      this._cockpitRadioToggleBtn.setAttribute(
+        'aria-label',
+        `${action} Cockpit Radio controls`,
+      );
+      this._cockpitRadioToggleBtn.title = `${action} Cockpit Radio controls`;
+    }
+    if (!expanded && returnFocus) {
+      (kind === 'display'
+        ? this._cockpitDisplayToggleBtn
+        : this._cockpitRadioToggleBtn
+      )?.focus({ preventScroll: true });
+    }
+    if (
+      !displayOpen &&
+      !radioOpen &&
+      this.actions.isCockpitActive() &&
+      !this.actions.signalUserCollapsed()
+    ) {
+      this.actions.setSignalCollapsed(false);
+    }
+    this.actions.layoutCockpit();
+  };
+  this._setCockpitDisclosure = setCockpitDisclosure;
+  const syncTunerTape = (coordinate) => {
+    const scale = this._radioTuner?.querySelector('.radio-tuner-scale');
+    const dial = this._radioTuner?.querySelector('.radio-tuner-dial');
+    if (!scale || !dial) return null;
+    const model = buildRadioTunerTicks(
+      coordinate,
+      this._radioTunerStations.length,
+      dial.getBoundingClientRect().width,
+    );
+    while (scale.children.length < model.ticks.length) {
+      const tick = document.createElement('span');
+      tick.className = 'radio-tuner-tick';
+      scale.append(tick);
+    }
+    while (scale.children.length > model.ticks.length)
+      scale.lastElementChild?.remove();
+    model.ticks.forEach((entry, index) => {
+      const tick = scale.children[index];
+      tick.style.left = `${entry.xPx}px`;
+      tick.textContent = entry.label;
+      tick.dataset.stationIndex = String(entry.stationIndex);
+      tick.classList.toggle('is-current', entry.current);
+    });
+    scale.style.setProperty('--radio-tuner-tick-pitch', `${model.pitchPx}px`);
+    return model;
+  };
+  const tunerPreview = ({
+    coordinate = this._radioTunerCoordinate,
+    syncStatic = true,
+    rotate = true,
+  } = {}) => {
+    const slot = radioTunerSlot(
+      this._radioTunerSlider?.value,
+      this._radioTunerStations.length,
+    );
+    const station = slot.locked
+      ? this._radioTunerStations[slot.stationIndex] || null
+      : null;
+    const resolvedCoordinate =
+      this._radioTunerStations.length <= 1
+        ? 0
+        : Math.min(
+            this._radioTunerStations.length - 1,
+            Math.max(0, Number(coordinate) || 0),
+          );
+    const ratio =
+      this._radioTunerStations.length === 1
+        ? 0.5
+        : resolvedCoordinate / Math.max(1, this._radioTunerStations.length - 1);
+    this._radioTunerCoordinate = resolvedCoordinate;
+    this._radioTuner?.style.setProperty('--radio-tuner-ratio', String(ratio));
+    this._radioTuner?.classList.toggle(
+      'is-static',
+      syncStatic ? false : Boolean(this._radioState?.tuningStatic),
+    );
+    syncTunerTape(resolvedCoordinate);
+    if (this._radioTunerValue) {
+      this._radioTunerValue.textContent = station
+        ? `CH ${String(slot.stationIndex + 1).padStart(2, '0')} / ${String(this._radioTunerStations.length).padStart(2, '0')}`
+        : 'NO STATIONS';
+    }
+    if (this._radioTunerStation)
+      this._radioTunerStation.textContent =
+        station?.name || 'NO STATION AVAILABLE';
+    if (this._radioTunerSlider) {
+      this._radioTunerSlider.setAttribute(
+        'aria-valuetext',
+        station
+          ? `${station.name}, station ${slot.stationIndex + 1} of ${this._radioTunerStations.length}`
+          : 'No station available',
+      );
+    }
+    if (syncStatic)
+      this.radio.previewTuningStation(station?.id || null, { rotate });
+    return station;
+  };
+  const setTunerDirectory = (pool) => {
+    this._radioTunerPool = [...pool];
+    this._radioTunerStations = [...pool];
+    this._radioTunerBandSignature = this._radioTunerStations
+      .map((station) => station.id)
+      .join('|');
+    if (this._radioTunerSlider) {
+      this._radioTunerSlider.min = '0';
+      this._radioTunerSlider.max = String(
+        Math.max(0, this._radioTunerStations.length - 1),
+      );
+      this._radioTunerSlider.step = '1';
+    }
+  };
+  const refreshTunerBand = ({ force = false } = {}) => {
+    if (
+      this._radioTunerDragging ||
+      this._radioTuner?.hidden ||
+      this._radioTunerSlider?.disabled
+    )
+      return false;
+    const selectedId = this._radioState?.selected?.id || null;
+    const pool = this.radio.getTunerStations(750);
+    const poolSignature = pool.map((station) => station.id).join('|');
+    const currentPoolSignature = this._radioTunerPool
+      .map((station) => station.id)
+      .join('|');
+    if (
+      !force &&
+      poolSignature === currentPoolSignature &&
+      selectedId === this._radioTunerSelectedId
+    )
+      return false;
+    setTunerDirectory(pool);
+    this._radioTunerSelectedId = selectedId;
+    const selectedPoolIndex = pool.findIndex(
+      (station) => station.id === selectedId,
+    );
+    const slot = radioTunerSlot(
+      selectedPoolIndex >= 0 ? selectedPoolIndex : 0,
+      this._radioTunerStations.length,
+    );
+    this._radioTunerSlider.value = String(slot.slot);
+    this._radioTunerCoordinate = slot.stationIndex >= 0 ? slot.stationIndex : 0;
+    tunerPreview({ coordinate: this._radioTunerCoordinate, syncStatic: false });
+    return true;
+  };
+  this._refreshRadioTunerBand = refreshTunerBand;
+  const beginTuner = () => {
+    if (this._radioTunerDragging || this._radioTunerSlider?.disabled)
+      return false;
+    refreshTunerBand();
+    if (!this._radioTunerStations.length || !this.radio.beginTuning())
+      return false;
+    // A tuner-owned camera preview must never replace the frozen directory.
+    // Only an explicit globe pointer/wheel gesture releases camera pinning.
+    this._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation = true;
+    this._radioTunerDragging = true;
+    this._radioTuner?.classList.add('is-dragging');
+    const selectedIndex = this._radioTunerStations.findIndex(
+      (station) => station.id === this._radioState?.selected?.id,
+    );
+    const slot = radioTunerSlot(
+      selectedIndex >= 0 ? selectedIndex : 0,
+      this._radioTunerStations.length,
+    );
+    this._radioTunerSlider.value = String(slot.slot);
+    this._radioTunerCoordinate = slot.stationIndex >= 0 ? slot.stationIndex : 0;
+    this._radioTunerDragStartSlot = slot.slot;
+    this._radioTunerDragSnapshot = {
+      stations: [...this._radioTunerStations],
+      bandSignature: this._radioTunerBandSignature,
+      selectedId: this._radioTunerSelectedId,
+      slot: slot.slot,
+      coordinate: this._radioTunerCoordinate,
+    };
+    this._radioTunerLastSlot = slot.slot;
+    this._radioTunerDragDirection = 0;
+    tunerPreview({ coordinate: this._radioTunerCoordinate });
+    return true;
+  };
+  const finishTuner = (commit) => {
+    if (!this._radioTunerDragging) return;
+    const dragSnapshot = this._radioTunerDragSnapshot;
+    if (!commit && dragSnapshot) {
+      this._radioTunerStations = [...dragSnapshot.stations];
+      this._radioTunerPool = [...dragSnapshot.stations];
+      this._radioTunerBandSignature = dragSnapshot.bandSignature;
+      this._radioTunerSelectedId = dragSnapshot.selectedId;
+      if (this._radioTunerSlider) {
+        const startSlot = radioTunerSlot(
+          dragSnapshot.slot,
+          this._radioTunerStations.length,
+        );
+        this._radioTunerSlider.max = String(startSlot.max);
+        this._radioTunerSlider.value = String(startSlot.slot);
+      }
+      this._radioTunerCoordinate = Number.isFinite(dragSnapshot.coordinate)
+        ? dragSnapshot.coordinate
+        : dragSnapshot.slot;
+    } else if (!commit && this._radioTunerSlider) {
+      this._radioTunerSlider.value = String(this._radioTunerDragStartSlot);
+      this._radioTunerCoordinate = this._radioTunerDragStartSlot;
+    }
+    let station = tunerPreview({
+      coordinate: this._radioTunerCoordinate,
+      rotate: commit,
+    });
+    if (commit && !station && this._radioTunerSlider) {
+      const snapped = radioTunerCommitSlot(
+        this._radioTunerSlider.value,
+        this._radioTunerStations.length,
+      );
+      this._radioTunerSlider.value = String(snapped.slot);
+      this._radioTunerCoordinate = snapped.stationIndex;
+      station = tunerPreview({ coordinate: this._radioTunerCoordinate });
+    }
+    let result = null;
+    if (commit && station) {
+      // Keep the exact band used by the drag so the selected channel cannot
+      // jump to a refreshed catalog slot while its camera flight settles.
+      this._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation = true;
+      result = this.radio.commitTuningStation(station.id, { origin: 'user' });
+    } else if (!commit) {
+      this.radio.cancelTuning();
+    } else {
+      this.radio.endTuning();
+    }
+    // Radio emits selection/tuning state synchronously. Keep both the logical
+    // drag and the no-transition class active until that state has settled,
+    // then restore the exact selected slot before permitting CSS motion.
+    this._radioTunerDragging = false;
+    this._radioTunerPointerId = null;
+    this._radioTunerKeyboardKey = null;
+    if (commit && (!result || result.ok)) refreshTunerBand();
+    this._radioTunerDragSnapshot = null;
+    // Flush the snapped position while transitions are still disabled so
+    // removing the drag class cannot interpolate from the released gap.
+    void this._radioTunerNeedle?.offsetLeft;
+    this._radioTuner?.classList.remove('is-dragging');
+    if (result && !result.ok) {
+      this._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation = false;
+      if (result.reason === 'station-unavailable') {
+        if (this._radioTunerValue)
+          this._radioTunerValue.textContent = 'OFF AIR';
+        if (this._radioTunerStation)
+          this._radioTunerStation.textContent = 'STATION UNAVAILABLE';
+        this._radioTunerSlider?.setAttribute(
+          'aria-valuetext',
+          'Station unavailable after directory refresh',
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  };
+  const cycleRadio = (direction, { rotate = true } = {}) => {
+    this._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation = true;
+    const pool = this._radioTunerPool.length
+      ? this._radioTunerPool
+      : this._radioTunerStations;
+    const cycled = this.radio.cycleStation(direction, {
+      rotate,
+      stationIds: pool.map((station) => station.id),
+      origin: 'user',
+    });
+    if (!cycled) {
+      this._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation = false;
+      return;
+    }
+  };
+  const toggleRadio = async (trigger) => {
+    if (!this.actions.isRegistered()) return;
+    if (trigger.getAttribute('aria-busy') === 'true') return;
+    const enabling = !this.actions.isEnabled();
+    const revealAfterEnable = enabling && trigger === this._radioEnableBtn;
+    trigger.setAttribute('aria-disabled', 'true');
+    trigger.setAttribute('aria-busy', 'true');
+    try {
+      const toggled = await this.actions.runUserAction(
+        (notificationToken) =>
+          this.actions.setEnabled(enabling, {
+            origin: 'user',
+            notificationToken,
+          }),
+        `Radio could not ${enabling ? 'start' : 'stop'} cleanly`,
+      );
+      if (this.destroyed || toggled === false) return;
+      if (
+        enabling &&
+        trigger === this._radioEnableBtn &&
+        !document
+          .getElementById('global-context-panel')
+          ?.classList.contains('collapsed')
+      ) {
+        this.actions.setPanelCollapsed('radio-panel', false, {
+          explicit: true,
+        });
+      }
+      if (revealAfterEnable)
+        await this._revealRadioControlsAfterExplicitEnable(trigger);
+    } finally {
+      if (!this.destroyed) {
+        trigger.setAttribute('aria-disabled', 'false');
+        trigger.setAttribute('aria-busy', 'false');
+        if (revealAfterEnable && trigger.isConnected)
+          trigger.focus({ preventScroll: true });
+      }
+    }
+  };
+  this.listen(
+    this._radioEnableBtn,
+    'click',
+    () => void toggleRadio(this._radioEnableBtn),
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    this._contextRadioMiniEnableBtn,
+    'click',
+    () => void toggleRadio(this._contextRadioMiniEnableBtn),
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    this._cockpitRadioEnableBtn,
+    'click',
+    () => void toggleRadio(this._cockpitRadioEnableBtn),
+  );
+  this.listen(this._contextRadioToggleBtn, 'click', () => {
+    const contextPanel = document.getElementById('global-context-panel');
+    if (contextPanel && !contextPanel.classList.contains('collapsed')) {
+      setRadioDisclosure(false);
+      this.actions.setPanelCollapsed('radio-panel', false, { explicit: true });
+      void this._revealRadioPanelInsideContext({
+        focusTarget: this._radioPanel?.querySelector(
+          '[data-collapse-target="radio-panel"]',
+        ),
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+    setRadioDisclosure(
+      !this._contextRadioDock?.classList.contains('disclosure-open'),
+    );
+  });
+  this.listen(this._contextRadioMiniCloseBtn, 'click', () => {
+    setRadioDisclosure(false, { returnFocus: true });
+  });
+  this.listen(this._contextRadioDetailsBtn, 'click', () => {
+    if (!this.actions.isCockpitActive())
+      this.actions.setPanelCollapsed('global-context-panel', false, {
+        explicit: true,
+      });
+    this.actions.setPanelCollapsed('radio-panel', false, { explicit: true });
+    setRadioDisclosure(false);
+    this._radioEnableBtn?.focus({ preventScroll: true });
+  });
+  this.listen(this._cockpitRadioToggleBtn, 'click', () => {
+    const open =
+      this._cockpitRadioToggleBtn.getAttribute('aria-expanded') === 'true';
+    setCockpitDisclosure('radio', !open);
+  });
+  this.listen(
+    document,
+    'pointerdown',
+    (event) => {
+      if (!this._contextRadioDock?.classList.contains('disclosure-open'))
+        return;
+      if (event.target?.closest?.('#context-radio-dock')) return;
+      setRadioDisclosure(false);
+    },
+    tunerListenerOptions,
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    document,
+    'pointerdown',
+    (event) => {
+      if (
+        !this._cockpitUtilityControls ||
+        event.target?.closest?.('#cockpit-utility-controls')
+      )
+        return;
+      if (event.target?.closest?.('.cockpit-vision-controls')) return;
+      if (event.target?.closest?.('#left-panel-stack, #cockpit-context'))
+        return;
+      setCockpitDisclosure('display', false);
+      setCockpitDisclosure('radio', false);
+    },
+    tunerListenerOptions,
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    document,
+    'keydown',
+    (event) => {
+      if (
+        event.key !== 'Escape' ||
+        !this._contextRadioDock?.classList.contains('disclosure-open')
+      )
+        return;
+      event.preventDefault();
+      // Immediate: a plain stopPropagation() still lets every LATER listener on
+      // this same document run, so closing the disclosure ALSO dismissed the
+      // first-run launcher — one key, two actions. Matches the cockpit
+      // disclosure handler directly below.
+      event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+      const escapedFromDisclosure =
+        event.target === this._contextRadioToggleBtn ||
+        this._contextRadioToggleBtn?.contains?.(event.target);
+      setRadioDisclosure(false, { returnFocus: !escapedFromDisclosure });
+      if (escapedFromDisclosure) this._contextRadioToggleBtn?.blur?.();
+    },
+    { capture: true },
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    document,
+    'keydown',
+    (event) => {
+      if (event.key !== 'Escape') return;
+      const displayOpen =
+        this._cockpitDisplayToggleBtn?.getAttribute('aria-expanded') === 'true';
+      const radioOpen =
+        this._cockpitRadioToggleBtn?.getAttribute('aria-expanded') === 'true';
+      if (!displayOpen && !radioOpen) return;
+      const nestedPanel = event.target?.closest?.(
+        '.panel-collapsible:not(.collapsed), #param-slider-panel:not(.collapsed)',
+      );
+      if (nestedPanel) return;
+      event.preventDefault();
+      event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+      const kind = displayOpen ? 'display' : 'radio';
+      const disclosure = displayOpen
+        ? this._cockpitDisplayToggleBtn
+        : this._cockpitRadioToggleBtn;
+      const escapedFromDisclosure =
+        event.target === disclosure || disclosure?.contains?.(event.target);
+      setCockpitDisclosure(kind, false, {
+        returnFocus: !escapedFromDisclosure,
+      });
+      if (escapedFromDisclosure) disclosure?.blur?.();
+    },
+    { capture: true },
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    window,
+    'gev:cockpit-mode-changed',
+    (event) => {
+      if (event?.detail?.active) return;
+      setCockpitDisclosure('display', false);
+      setCockpitDisclosure('radio', false);
+    },
+    tunerListenerOptions,
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    window,
+    'gev:cockpit-signal-expanded',
+    () => {
+      setCockpitDisclosure('display', false);
+    },
+    tunerListenerOptions,
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    window,
+    'gev:cockpit-context-expanded',
+    () => {
+      this.actions.setPanelCollapsed('data-panel', true);
+    },
+    tunerListenerOptions,
+  );
+  this.listen(this._radioFilter, 'change', () => {
+    const presentation = this.radio.getUIState();
+    if (!presentation.presentationActive) {
+      this._radioFilter.value = presentation.filter;
+      return;
+    }
+    if (this._radioTunerDragging) finishTuner(false);
+    if (
+      !this.actions.setParams(
+        {
+          filter: this._radioFilter.value,
+        },
+        { origin: 'user' },
+      )
+    ) {
+      this._radioFilter.value = this.radio.getUIState().filter;
+      return;
+    }
+    this._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation = false;
+    this._radioTunerPool = [];
+    refreshTunerBand({ force: true });
+  });
+  this.listen(this._radioPrevBtn, 'click', () => cycleRadio(-1));
+  this.listen(this._radioNextBtn, 'click', () => cycleRadio(1));
+  this.listen(
+    this._radioPlayBtn,
+    'click',
+    () => void this.radio.togglePlayback({ origin: 'user' }),
+  );
+  this.listen(this._radioStopBtn, 'click', () =>
+    this.radio.stopPlayback({ origin: 'user' }),
+  );
+  this.listen(this._radioVolume, 'input', () => {
+    const value = Number(this._radioVolume.value);
+    if (this._radioVolumeValue)
+      this._radioVolumeValue.textContent = `${value}%`;
+    this.actions.setParams({ volume: value / 100 }, { origin: 'user' });
+  });
+  this.listen(this._contextRadioMiniPrevBtn, 'click', () => cycleRadio(-1));
+  this.listen(this._contextRadioMiniNextBtn, 'click', () => cycleRadio(1));
+  this.listen(
+    this._contextRadioMiniPlayBtn,
+    'click',
+    () => void this.radio.togglePlayback({ origin: 'user' }),
+  );
+  // Cockpit owns the Cesium camera even though it intentionally clears
+  // viewer.trackedEntity. Station changes must never start the map-view
+  // rotation/fallback flights that would compete with its preUpdate pose.
+  this.listen(this._cockpitRadioPrevBtn, 'click', () =>
+    cycleRadio(-1, { rotate: false }),
+  );
+  this.listen(this._cockpitRadioNextBtn, 'click', () =>
+    cycleRadio(1, { rotate: false }),
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    this._cockpitRadioPlayBtn,
+    'click',
+    () => void this.radio.togglePlayback({ origin: 'user' }),
+  );
+  this.listen(this._contextRadioMiniVolume, 'input', () => {
+    const value = Number(this._contextRadioMiniVolume.value);
+    if (this._contextRadioMiniVolumeValue)
+      this._contextRadioMiniVolumeValue.textContent = `${value}%`;
+    this.actions.setParams({ volume: value / 100 }, { origin: 'user' });
+  });
+  this.listen(this._cockpitRadioVolume, 'input', () => {
+    const value = Number(this._cockpitRadioVolume.value);
+    if (this._cockpitRadioVolumeValue)
+      this._cockpitRadioVolumeValue.textContent = `${value}%`;
+    this.actions.setParams({ volume: value / 100 }, { origin: 'user' });
+  });
+  const updateTunerFromPointer = (event) => {
+    const rect = this._radioTunerSlider?.getBoundingClientRect();
+    if (!rect || !this._radioTunerStations.length) return false;
+    const position = radioTunerPointerPosition(
+      event.clientX,
+      rect.left,
+      rect.width,
+      this._radioTunerStations.length,
+    );
+    if (position.stationIndex > this._radioTunerLastSlot)
+      this._radioTunerDragDirection = 1;
+    else if (position.stationIndex < this._radioTunerLastSlot)
+      this._radioTunerDragDirection = -1;
+    this._radioTunerLastSlot = position.stationIndex;
+    this._radioTunerCoordinate = position.coordinate;
+    this._radioTunerSlider.value = String(position.stationIndex);
+    tunerPreview({ coordinate: position.coordinate });
+    return true;
+  };
+  this.listen(
+    this._radioTunerSlider,
+    'pointerdown',
+    (event) => {
+      if (!beginTuner()) return;
+      this._radioTunerPointerId = event.pointerId;
+      this._radioTunerSlider.focus({ preventScroll: true });
+      try {
+        this._radioTunerSlider.setPointerCapture(event.pointerId);
+      } catch {
+        /* capture is best effort */
+      }
+      updateTunerFromPointer(event);
+      event.preventDefault();
+    },
+    tunerListenerOptions,
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    this._radioTunerSlider,
+    'pointermove',
+    (event) => {
+      if (
+        !this._radioTunerDragging ||
+        this._radioTunerPointerId !== event.pointerId
+      )
+        return;
+      updateTunerFromPointer(event);
+      event.preventDefault();
+    },
+    tunerListenerOptions,
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    this._radioTunerSlider,
+    'input',
+    () => {
+      if (this._radioTunerPointerId !== null || this._radioTunerKeyboardKey)
+        return;
+      if (!this._radioTunerDragging && !beginTuner()) return;
+      const inputSlot = radioTunerSlot(
+        this._radioTunerSlider.value,
+        this._radioTunerStations.length,
+      );
+      if (inputSlot.slot > this._radioTunerLastSlot)
+        this._radioTunerDragDirection = 1;
+      else if (inputSlot.slot < this._radioTunerLastSlot)
+        this._radioTunerDragDirection = -1;
+      this._radioTunerLastSlot = inputSlot.slot;
+      this._radioTunerCoordinate = inputSlot.stationIndex;
+      tunerPreview({ coordinate: this._radioTunerCoordinate });
+    },
+    tunerListenerOptions,
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    this._radioTunerSlider,
+    'change',
+    () => {
+      if (this._radioTunerPointerId === null && !this._radioTunerKeyboardKey)
+        finishTuner(true);
+    },
+    tunerListenerOptions,
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    this._radioTunerSlider,
+    'pointerup',
+    (event) => {
+      if (this._radioTunerPointerId !== event.pointerId) return;
+      updateTunerFromPointer(event);
+      finishTuner(true);
+      try {
+        this._radioTunerSlider.releasePointerCapture(event.pointerId);
+      } catch {
+        /* already released */
+      }
+      event.preventDefault();
+    },
+    tunerListenerOptions,
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    this._radioTunerSlider,
+    'pointercancel',
+    (event) => {
+      if (
+        this._radioTunerPointerId !== null &&
+        this._radioTunerPointerId !== event.pointerId
+      )
+        return;
+      try {
+        this._radioTunerSlider.releasePointerCapture(event.pointerId);
+      } catch {
+        /* already released */
+      }
+      finishTuner(false);
+    },
+    tunerListenerOptions,
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    this._radioTunerSlider,
+    'lostpointercapture',
+    (event) => {
+      if (
+        this._radioTunerDragging &&
+        this._radioTunerPointerId === event.pointerId
+      )
+        finishTuner(false);
+    },
+    tunerListenerOptions,
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    this._radioTunerSlider,
+    'keydown',
+    (event) => {
+      if (event.key === 'Escape' && this._radioTunerDragging) {
+        event.preventDefault();
+        finishTuner(false);
+        return;
+      }
+      if (
+        ![
+          'ArrowLeft',
+          'ArrowRight',
+          'Home',
+          'End',
+          'PageUp',
+          'PageDown',
+        ].includes(event.key)
+      )
+        return;
+      if (!this._radioTunerDragging && !beginTuner()) return;
+      event.preventDefault();
+      this._radioTunerKeyboardKey = event.key;
+      const max = Math.max(0, this._radioTunerStations.length - 1);
+      const current = radioTunerSlot(
+        this._radioTunerSlider.value,
+        this._radioTunerStations.length,
+      ).slot;
+      const page = Math.max(1, Math.round(max / 10));
+      const next =
+        event.key === 'Home'
+          ? 0
+          : event.key === 'End'
+            ? max
+            : event.key === 'PageUp'
+              ? current + page
+              : event.key === 'PageDown'
+                ? current - page
+                : current + (event.key === 'ArrowRight' ? 1 : -1);
+      const slot = radioTunerSlot(next, this._radioTunerStations.length);
+      if (slot.slot > this._radioTunerLastSlot)
+        this._radioTunerDragDirection = 1;
+      else if (slot.slot < this._radioTunerLastSlot)
+        this._radioTunerDragDirection = -1;
+      this._radioTunerLastSlot = slot.slot;
+      this._radioTunerCoordinate = slot.stationIndex;
+      this._radioTunerSlider.value = String(slot.slot);
+      tunerPreview({ coordinate: this._radioTunerCoordinate });
+    },
+    tunerListenerOptions,
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    this._radioTunerSlider,
+    'keyup',
+    (event) => {
+      if (
+        !this._radioTunerKeyboardKey ||
+        event.key !== this._radioTunerKeyboardKey
+      )
+        return;
+      event.preventDefault();
+      finishTuner(true);
+    },
+    tunerListenerOptions,
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    this._radioTunerSlider,
+    'blur',
+    () => finishTuner(true),
+    tunerListenerOptions,
+  );
+  const releaseNavigationBand = () => {
+    this._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation = false;
+  };
+  this.listen(
+    this.canvas,
+    'pointerdown',
+    releaseNavigationBand,
+    tunerListenerOptions,
+  );
+  this.listen(
+    this.canvas,
+    'wheel',
+    releaseNavigationBand,
+    tunerListenerOptions,
+  );
+  // The directory order is catalog/filter authority, not camera authority.
+  // Globe motion therefore never rebuilds or re-ranks the frequency band.
+  this._radioSelectedHandler = () =>
+    this.actions.setPanelCollapsed('radio-panel', false);
+  this.listen(document, 'gev:radio-selected', this._radioSelectedHandler);
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+import { bindRadioControls } from './radioBindings.js';
+import { renderRadioState } from './radioPresentation.js';
+
+/** Own Radio DOM, tuner interaction and subscription; receive playback and application actions. */
+export class RadioControls {
+  constructor({ elements, radio, actions, canvas }) {
+    Object.assign(this, elements);
+    this.radio = radio;
+    this.actions = actions;
+    this.canvas = canvas;
+    this.destroyed = false;
+    this.listeners = new AbortController();
+    this._radioUnsubscribe = null;
+    this._radioState = null;
+    this._radioCategorySignature = '';
+    this._radioTunerStations = [];
+    this._radioTunerPool = [];
+    this._radioTunerDragging = false;
+    this._radioTunerDragStartSlot = 0;
+    this._radioTunerDragSnapshot = null;
+    this._radioTunerLastSlot = 0;
+    this._radioTunerDragDirection = 0;
+    this._radioTunerCoordinate = 0;
+    this._radioTunerPointerId = null;
+    this._radioTunerKeyboardKey = null;
+    this._radioTunerBandSignature = '';
+    this._radioTunerSelectedId = null;
+    this._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation = false;
+    this._refreshRadioTunerBand = null;
+    bindRadioControls.call(this);
+  }
+
+  listen(target, type, handler, options = {}) {
+    target?.addEventListener(type, handler, {
+      ...options,
+      signal: this.listeners.signal,
+    });
+  }
+
+  connect() {
+    this._radioUnsubscribe?.();
+    this._radioUnsubscribe = null;
+    if (this.destroyed) return;
+    this._radioUnsubscribe = this.radio.subscribe?.((state) =>
+      this._renderRadioState(state),
+    );
+  }
+
+  _renderRadioState(state) {
+    renderRadioState.call(this, state);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reveal the newly enabled directory and transport inside Context without
+   * moving focus, the page, or the globe. Only the expanded Enable path calls
+   * this helper.
+   * @param {HTMLElement} trigger Initiating Radio Enable button.
+   * @returns {Promise<boolean>} Whether the internal scroller moved.
+   */
+  async _revealRadioControlsAfterExplicitEnable(trigger) {
+    const contextPanel = document.getElementById('global-context-panel');
+    const scroller = contextPanel?.querySelector('.global-context-panel-inner');
+    const directory = this._radioPanel?.querySelector('.radio-directory-row');
+    const transport = this._radioPanel?.querySelector('.radio-transport');
+    if (
+      !contextPanel ||
+      contextPanel.classList.contains('collapsed') ||
+      !scroller ||
+      !directory ||
+      !transport ||
+      !this._radioState?.enabled
+    )
+      return false;
+
+    await new Promise((resolve) =>
+      requestAnimationFrame(() => requestAnimationFrame(resolve)),
+    );
+    if (this.destroyed || !this._radioState?.enabled || !trigger?.isConnected)
+      return false;
+
+    const viewport = scroller.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const directoryRect = directory.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const transportRect = transport.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const margin = 10;
+    const minimum =
+      scroller.scrollTop + transportRect.bottom - (viewport.bottom - margin);
+    const maximum =
+      scroller.scrollTop + directoryRect.top - (viewport.top + margin);
+    const desired =
+      minimum <= maximum
+        ? Math.min(Math.max(scroller.scrollTop, minimum), maximum)
+        : minimum;
+    const next = Math.min(
+      Math.max(0, scroller.scrollHeight - scroller.clientHeight),
+      Math.max(0, desired),
+    );
+    if (Math.abs(next - scroller.scrollTop) < 1) return false;
+    const reducedMotion = window.matchMedia?.(
+      '(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)',
+    )?.matches;
+    scroller.scrollTo({
+      top: next,
+      behavior: reducedMotion ? 'auto' : 'smooth',
+    });
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Bring the embedded Radio section into the expanded Context scroller.
+   * This never changes Radio power, playback, selection, or Context mode.
+   * @param {{focusTarget?: HTMLElement|null}} [options]
+   * @returns {Promise<boolean>} Whether the internal scroller moved.
+   */
+  async _revealRadioPanelInsideContext({ focusTarget = null } = {}) {
+    const contextPanel = document.getElementById('global-context-panel');
+    const scroller = contextPanel?.querySelector('.global-context-panel-inner');
+    if (
+      !contextPanel ||
+      contextPanel.classList.contains('collapsed') ||
+      !scroller ||
+      !this._radioPanel ||
+      this._radioPanel.classList.contains('collapsed')
+    )
+      return false;
+
+    await new Promise((resolve) =>
+      requestAnimationFrame(() => requestAnimationFrame(resolve)),
+    );
+    if (
+      this.destroyed ||
+      contextPanel.classList.contains('collapsed') ||
+      this._radioPanel.classList.contains('collapsed')
+    )
+      return false;
+
+    const viewport = scroller.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const radioRect = this._radioPanel.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const desired = scroller.scrollTop + radioRect.top - viewport.top - 10;
+    const next = Math.min(
+      Math.max(0, scroller.scrollHeight - scroller.clientHeight),
+      Math.max(0, desired),
+    );
+    const moved = Math.abs(next - scroller.scrollTop) >= 1;
+    if (moved) {
+      const reducedMotion = window.matchMedia?.(
+        '(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)',
+      )?.matches;
+      scroller.scrollTo({
+        top: next,
+        behavior: reducedMotion ? 'auto' : 'smooth',
+      });
+    }
+    focusTarget?.focus?.({ preventScroll: true });
+    return moved;
+  }
+
+  /** Keep the Context header Radio shortcut truthful for its current route. */
+  _syncContextRadioLauncherState() {
+    if (this.destroyed || !this._contextRadioToggleBtn) return;
+    const contextPanel = document.getElementById('global-context-panel');
+    const contextExpanded = Boolean(
+      contextPanel && !contextPanel.classList.contains('collapsed'),
+    );
+    if (contextExpanded) {
+      const radioExpanded = Boolean(
+        this._radioPanel && !this._radioPanel.classList.contains('collapsed'),
+      );
+      this._contextRadioToggleBtn.setAttribute('aria-controls', 'radio-panel');
+      this._contextRadioToggleBtn.setAttribute(
+        'aria-expanded',
+        String(radioExpanded),
+      );
+      const label = radioExpanded
+        ? 'Go to expanded Radio section'
+        : 'Expand Radio section in Context';
+      this._contextRadioToggleBtn.setAttribute('aria-label', label);
+      this._contextRadioToggleBtn.title = label;
+      return;
+    }
+    const compactOpen = Boolean(
+      this._contextRadioDock?.classList.contains('disclosure-open'),
+    );
+    this._contextRadioToggleBtn.setAttribute(
+      'aria-controls',
+      'context-radio-mini',
+    );
+    this._contextRadioToggleBtn.setAttribute(
+      'aria-expanded',
+      String(compactOpen),
+    );
+    const action = compactOpen ? 'Close' : 'Open';
+    this._contextRadioToggleBtn.setAttribute(
+      'aria-label',
+      `${action} compact Radio controls`,
+    );
+    this._contextRadioToggleBtn.title = `${action} compact Radio controls`;
+  }
+
+  destroy() {
+    if (this.destroyed) return;
+    this.destroyed = true;
+    this.listeners.abort();
+    this._radioUnsubscribe?.();
+    this._radioUnsubscribe = null;
+    const pointer = this._radioTunerPointerId;
+    this._radioTunerPointerId = null;
+    this._radioTunerDragging = false;
+    this._radioTunerKeyboardKey = null;
+    this._radioTunerDragSnapshot = null;
+    this._radioTunerPool = [];
+    this._radioTunerStations = [];
+    this._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation = false;
+    try {
+      if (pointer !== null)
+        this._radioTunerSlider?.releasePointerCapture(pointer);
+    } catch {
+      /* capture already released */
+    }
+    this._radioTuner?.classList.remove('is-dragging', 'is-static');
+    document
+      .getElementById('title-bar')
+      ?.classList.remove('radio-broadcasting');
+    this.radio.endTuning();
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { test } from 'node:test';
+import { RadioControls } from './radioControls.js';
+
+class Element extends EventTarget {
+  constructor() {
+    super();
+    this.attrs = new Map();
+    this.classes = new Set();
+    this.focusCount = 0;
+    this.isConnected = true;
+    this.classList = {
+      add: (...names) => names.forEach((n) => this.classes.add(n)),
+      remove: (...names) => names.forEach((n) => this.classes.delete(n)),
+      contains: (name) => this.classes.has(name),
+      toggle: (name, enabled) =>
+        enabled ? this.classes.add(name) : this.classes.delete(name),
+    };
+  }
+  setAttribute(name, value) {
+    this.attrs.set(name, String(value));
+  }
+  getAttribute(name) {
+    return this.attrs.get(name);
+  }
+  querySelector() {
+    return null;
+  }
+  focus() {
+    this.focusCount++;
+  }
+}
+
+function fixture() {
+  const prior = { document: globalThis.document, window: globalThis.window };
+  const document = new EventTarget();
+  document.getElementById = () => null;
+  globalThis.document = document;
+  globalThis.window = new EventTarget();
+  const panel = new Element();
+  const enable = new Element();
+  const next = new Element();
+  const calls = [];
+  const subscribers = [];
+  const radio = {
+    subscribe(callback) {
+      subscribers.push(callback);
+      calls.push('subscribe');
+      return () => calls.push('unsubscribe');
+    },
+    endTuning() {
+      calls.push('endTuning');
+    },
+    cycleStation(direction) {
+      calls.push(['cycle', direction]);
+      return true;
+    },
+  };
+  const actions = {
+    isRegistered: () => true,
+    isEnabled: () => false,
+    runUserAction: (operation) => operation(),
+    setEnabled: async () => true,
+    setPanelCollapsed: (...args) => calls.push(['panel', ...args]),
+    layoutCockpit() {},
+    isCockpitActive: () => false,
+    scheduleLayout() {},
+    getLifecycle: () => null,
+    preservePanelStateDuringClear: () => false,
+  };
+  const controls = new RadioControls({
+    elements: {
+      _radioPanel: panel,
+      _radioEnableBtn: enable,
+      _radioNextBtn: next,
+    },
+    radio,
+    actions,
+    canvas: new Element(),
+  });
+  return {
+    controls,
+    enable,
+    next,
+    actions,
+    calls,
+    subscribers,
+    document,
+    cleanup() {
+      controls.destroy();
+      Object.assign(globalThis, prior);
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+test('Radio listeners and subscriptions are revoked once before tuning teardown', () => {
+  const f = fixture();
+  try {
+    f.controls.connect();
+    f.next.dispatchEvent(new Event('click'));
+    assert.deepEqual(f.calls, ['subscribe', ['cycle', 1]]);
+    f.controls.destroy();
+    f.controls.destroy();
+    const snapshot = structuredClone(f.calls);
+    f.controls._setRadioDisclosure(true);
+    f.controls._setCockpitDisclosure('display', true);
+    f.next.dispatchEvent(new Event('click'));
+    f.document.dispatchEvent(new Event('gev:radio-selected'));
+    f.subscribers[0]({ enabled: true });
+    f.controls.connect();
+    assert.deepEqual(f.calls, snapshot);
+    assert.deepEqual(f.calls.slice(-2), ['unsubscribe', 'endTuning']);
+  } finally {
+    f.cleanup();
+  }
+});
+
+test('Radio reconnect removes its previous state subscription', () => {
+  const f = fixture();
+  try {
+    f.controls.connect();
+    f.controls.connect();
+    assert.deepEqual(f.calls, ['subscribe', 'unsubscribe', 'subscribe']);
+  } finally {
+    f.cleanup();
+  }
+});
+
+test('a delayed Radio enable cannot reveal or refocus controls after destruction', async () => {
+  const f = fixture();
+  let resolve;
+  const pending = new Promise((done) => {
+    resolve = done;
+  });
+  try {
+    f.actions.setEnabled = () => pending;
+    f.enable.dispatchEvent(new Event('click'));
+    assert.equal(f.enable.getAttribute('aria-busy'), 'true');
+    f.controls.destroy();
+    const attrs = new Map(f.enable.attrs);
+    resolve(true);
+    await pending;
+    await new Promise((done) => setImmediate(done));
+    assert.deepEqual(f.enable.attrs, attrs);
+    assert.equal(f.enable.focusCount, 0);
+    assert.equal(
+      f.calls.some((call) => Array.isArray(call) && call[0] === 'panel'),
+      false,
+    );
+  } finally {
+    f.cleanup();
+  }
+});
+
+test('destruction releases an active tuner pointer after revoking listeners', () => {
+  const f = fixture();
+  try {
+    const released = [];
+    f.controls._radioTunerSlider = {
+      releasePointerCapture(id) {
+        assert.equal(f.controls.listeners.signal.aborted, true);
+        released.push(id);
+      },
+    };
+    f.controls._radioTunerPointerId = 7;
+    f.controls._radioTunerDragging = true;
+    f.controls.destroy();
+    assert.deepEqual(released, [7]);
+    assert.equal(f.controls._radioTunerDragging, false);
+    assert.equal(f.controls._radioTunerPointerId, null);
+  } finally {
+    f.cleanup();
+  }
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+/** Render Radio state without making playback or Context decisions. */
+export function renderRadioState(state) {
+  if (this.destroyed || !state || !this._radioPanel) return;
+  const lifecycle = this.actions.getLifecycle() || null;
+  const lifecycleState =
+    lifecycle?.lifecycleState || (state.enabled ? 'enabled' : 'disabled');
+  state = {
+    ...state,
+    enabled: lifecycle ? lifecycle.enabled : state.enabled,
+    lifecycleState,
+    lifecycleUncertain: lifecycle?.uncertain || false,
+  };
+  this._radioState = state;
+  const enabled = Boolean(state.enabled);
+  const transitioning =
+    lifecycleState === 'enabling' || lifecycleState === 'disabling';
+  const uncertain = Boolean(state.lifecycleUncertain);
+  const interactive = enabled && !transitioning && !uncertain;
+  const selected = state.selected || null;
+  const hasStations = state.filteredCount > 0;
+  const activePlayback = ['playing', 'buffering'].includes(state.audioState);
+  document
+    .getElementById('title-bar')
+    ?.classList.toggle('radio-broadcasting', state.audioState === 'playing');
+  this._radioPanel.classList.toggle('radio-enabled', enabled);
+  this._radioPanel.classList.toggle('lifecycle-uncertain', uncertain);
+  this._contextRadioDock?.classList.toggle('active', enabled);
+  if (this._contextRadioToggleBtn) {
+    this._contextRadioToggleBtn.classList.toggle('active', enabled);
+  }
+  this._syncContextRadioLauncherState();
+  this._radioLayerState?.classList.toggle('active', enabled);
+  if (this._radioLayerState) {
+    this._radioLayerState.textContent = transitioning
+      ? lifecycleState.toUpperCase()
+      : uncertain
+        ? 'UNCERTAIN'
+        : state.loading
+          ? 'SYNC'
+          : enabled
+            ? `${state.filteredCount}/${state.stationCount}`
+            : 'OFF';
+  }
+  if (this._radioEnableBtn) {
+    this._radioEnableBtn.classList.toggle('active', enabled);
+    this._radioEnableBtn.setAttribute('aria-pressed', String(enabled));
+    this._radioEnableBtn.textContent = transitioning
+      ? lifecycleState.toUpperCase()
+      : uncertain
+        ? 'RECONCILE'
+        : enabled
+          ? 'DISABLE'
+          : 'ENABLE';
+    this._radioEnableBtn.setAttribute(
+      'aria-label',
+      uncertain
+        ? 'Reconcile Radio — lifecycle uncertain'
+        : `${enabled ? 'Disable' : 'Enable'} Radio`,
+    );
+    this._radioEnableBtn.disabled = false;
+    this._radioEnableBtn.setAttribute('aria-disabled', String(transitioning));
+    this._radioEnableBtn.setAttribute('aria-busy', String(transitioning));
+  }
+  if (this._contextRadioMiniEnableBtn) {
+    this._contextRadioMiniEnableBtn.classList.toggle('active', enabled);
+    this._contextRadioMiniEnableBtn.setAttribute(
+      'aria-pressed',
+      String(enabled),
+    );
+    this._contextRadioMiniEnableBtn.textContent = transitioning
+      ? lifecycleState.toUpperCase()
+      : uncertain
+        ? 'RECONCILE'
+        : enabled
+          ? 'DISABLE'
+          : 'ENABLE';
+    this._contextRadioMiniEnableBtn.setAttribute(
+      'aria-label',
+      uncertain
+        ? 'Reconcile Radio — lifecycle uncertain'
+        : `${enabled ? 'Disable' : 'Enable'} Radio`,
+    );
+    this._contextRadioMiniEnableBtn.disabled = false;
+    this._contextRadioMiniEnableBtn.setAttribute(
+      'aria-disabled',
+      String(transitioning),
+    );
+    this._contextRadioMiniEnableBtn.setAttribute(
+      'aria-busy',
+      String(transitioning),
+    );
+  }
+  if (this._cockpitRadioEnableBtn) {
+    this._cockpitRadioEnableBtn.classList.toggle('active', enabled);
+    this._cockpitRadioEnableBtn.setAttribute('aria-pressed', String(enabled));
+    this._cockpitRadioEnableBtn.textContent = transitioning
+      ? lifecycleState.toUpperCase()
+      : uncertain
+        ? 'RECONCILE'
+        : enabled
+          ? 'DISABLE'
+          : 'ENABLE';
+    this._cockpitRadioEnableBtn.setAttribute(
+      'aria-label',
+      uncertain
+        ? 'Reconcile Radio — lifecycle uncertain'
+        : `${enabled ? 'Disable' : 'Enable'} Radio`,
+    );
+    this._cockpitRadioEnableBtn.disabled = false;
+    this._cockpitRadioEnableBtn.setAttribute(
+      'aria-disabled',
+      String(transitioning),
+    );
+    this._cockpitRadioEnableBtn.setAttribute(
+      'aria-busy',
+      String(transitioning),
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (this._radioFilter) {
+    const prior = state.filter || 'all';
+    const categorySignature = state.categories
+      .map((category) => `${category.id}:${category.count}:${category.color}`)
+      .join('|');
+    if (categorySignature !== this._radioCategorySignature) {
+      this._radioFilter.replaceChildren(
+        ...state.categories.map((category) => {
+          const option = document.createElement('option');
+          option.value = category.id;
+          option.textContent = `● ${category.label} (${category.count})`;
+          option.dataset.radioColor = category.color;
+          option.style.color = category.color;
+          option.setAttribute(
+            'aria-label',
+            `${category.label} (${category.count})`,
+          );
+          return option;
+        }),
+      );
+      this._radioCategorySignature = categorySignature;
+    }
+    this._radioFilter.value = prior;
+    const activeCategory = state.categories.find(
+      (category) => category.id === prior,
+    );
+    this._radioFilter.style.color = activeCategory?.color || '';
+    this._radioFilter.disabled = !interactive || !state.stationCount;
+  }
+
+  const tunerAvailable = interactive && state.filteredCount > 0;
+  if (this._radioTuner) this._radioTuner.hidden = !tunerAvailable;
+  if (this._radioTunerSlider) this._radioTunerSlider.disabled = !tunerAvailable;
+  if (this._radioTunerBandLabel) {
+    const activeCategory = state.categories.find(
+      (category) => category.id === state.filter,
+    );
+    this._radioTunerBandLabel.textContent =
+      state.filter === 'all'
+        ? 'DIRECTORY BAND'
+        : `${String(activeCategory?.label || state.filter).toUpperCase()} BAND`;
+  }
+  this._radioTuner?.classList.toggle('is-static', Boolean(state.tuningStatic));
+  if (tunerAvailable) this._refreshRadioTunerBand?.();
+  if (!tunerAvailable && this._radioTunerDragging) {
+    this._radioTunerDragging = false;
+    this._radioTunerDragSnapshot = null;
+    this._radioTunerStations = [];
+    this._radioTuner?.classList.remove('is-static', 'is-dragging');
+  }
+  if (!tunerAvailable) {
+    this._radioTunerStations = [];
+    this._radioTunerPool = [];
+    this._radioTunerBandSignature = '';
+    this._radioTunerSelectedId = null;
+  }
+
+  if (this._radioStationName)
+    this._radioStationName.textContent =
+      selected?.name || 'NO STATION SELECTED';
+  if (this._radioStationMeta) {
+    const place = selected
+      ? [selected.state, selected.countryCode].filter(Boolean).join(' · ')
+      : '';
+    const signal = selected
+      ? [selected.codec, selected.bitrate ? `${selected.bitrate} kbps` : '']
+          .filter(Boolean)
+          .join(' · ')
+      : '';
+    this._radioStationMeta.textContent = selected
+      ? [place, signal].filter(Boolean).join('  /  ') ||
+        'Directory metadata only'
+      : state.loading
+        ? 'Loading station directory…'
+        : 'Choose a globe marker or use next.';
+  }
+  if (this._radioStationTags) {
+    const tags = Array.isArray(selected?.tags) ? selected.tags.slice(0, 8) : [];
+    this._radioStationTags.textContent = tags.length
+      ? `TAGS · ${tags.join(' · ')}`
+      : '';
+  }
+  if (this._radioStationHomepage) {
+    const homepage = selected?.homepage || '';
+    this._radioStationHomepage.hidden = !homepage;
+    if (homepage) this._radioStationHomepage.href = homepage;
+    else this._radioStationHomepage.removeAttribute('href');
+  }
+
+  if (this._radioPrevBtn)
+    this._radioPrevBtn.disabled = !interactive || !hasStations;
+  if (this._radioNextBtn)
+    this._radioNextBtn.disabled = !interactive || !hasStations;
+  if (this._contextRadioMiniPrevBtn)
+    this._contextRadioMiniPrevBtn.disabled = !interactive || !hasStations;
+  if (this._contextRadioMiniNextBtn)
+    this._contextRadioMiniNextBtn.disabled = !interactive || !hasStations;
+  if (this._cockpitRadioPrevBtn)
+    this._cockpitRadioPrevBtn.disabled = !interactive || !hasStations;
+  if (this._cockpitRadioNextBtn)
+    this._cockpitRadioNextBtn.disabled = !interactive || !hasStations;
+  if (this._radioPlayBtn) {
+    const action = activePlayback
+      ? 'Pause'
+      : state.audioState === 'paused'
+        ? 'Resume'
+        : 'Play';
+    this._radioPlayBtn.disabled = !interactive || !hasStations;
+    this._radioPlayBtn.classList.toggle('active', activePlayback);
+    this._radioPlayBtn.textContent = action.toUpperCase();
+    this._radioPlayBtn.setAttribute(
+      'aria-label',
+      `${action} ${selected ? 'selected' : 'nearest'} radio station`,
+    );
+  }
+  if (this._contextRadioMiniPlayBtn) {
+    const action = activePlayback
+      ? 'Pause'
+      : state.audioState === 'paused'
+        ? 'Resume'
+        : 'Play';
+    this._contextRadioMiniPlayBtn.disabled = !interactive || !hasStations;
+    this._contextRadioMiniPlayBtn.classList.toggle('active', activePlayback);
+    this._contextRadioMiniPlayBtn.textContent = activePlayback ? 'Ⅱ' : '▶';
+    this._contextRadioMiniPlayBtn.setAttribute(
+      'aria-label',
+      `${action} ${selected ? 'selected' : 'nearest'} radio station`,
+    );
+    this._contextRadioMiniPlayBtn.title = action;
+  }
+  if (this._cockpitRadioPlayBtn) {
+    const action = activePlayback
+      ? 'Pause'
+      : state.audioState === 'paused'
+        ? 'Resume'
+        : 'Play';
+    this._cockpitRadioPlayBtn.disabled = !interactive || !hasStations;
+    this._cockpitRadioPlayBtn.classList.toggle('active', activePlayback);
+    this._cockpitRadioPlayBtn.textContent = activePlayback ? 'Ⅱ' : '▶';
+    this._cockpitRadioPlayBtn.setAttribute(
+      'aria-label',
+      `${action} ${selected ? 'selected' : 'nearest'} radio station`,
+    );
+    this._cockpitRadioPlayBtn.title = action;
+  }
+  if (this._radioStopBtn)
+    this._radioStopBtn.disabled =
+      !interactive || state.audioState === 'stopped';
+  if (this._radioVolume) this._radioVolume.disabled = !interactive;
+  if (this._radioVolume && document.activeElement !== this._radioVolume) {
+    this._radioVolume.value = String(Math.round(state.volume * 100));
+    if (this._radioVolumeValue)
+      this._radioVolumeValue.textContent = `${Math.round(state.volume * 100)}%`;
+  }
+  if (
+    this._contextRadioMiniVolume &&
+    document.activeElement !== this._contextRadioMiniVolume
+  ) {
+    this._contextRadioMiniVolume.value = String(Math.round(state.volume * 100));
+  }
+  if (this._contextRadioMiniVolume)
+    this._contextRadioMiniVolume.disabled = !interactive;
+  if (this._contextRadioMiniVolumeValue) {
+    this._contextRadioMiniVolumeValue.textContent = `${Math.round(state.volume * 100)}%`;
+  }
+  if (
+    this._cockpitRadioVolume &&
+    document.activeElement !== this._cockpitRadioVolume
+  ) {
+    this._cockpitRadioVolume.value = String(Math.round(state.volume * 100));
+  }
+  if (this._cockpitRadioVolume)
+    this._cockpitRadioVolume.disabled = !interactive;
+  if (this._cockpitRadioVolumeValue) {
+    this._cockpitRadioVolumeValue.textContent = `${Math.round(state.volume * 100)}%`;
+  }
+  if (this._contextRadioMiniStation) {
+    this._contextRadioMiniStation.textContent = uncertain
+      ? 'RADIO STATE UNCERTAIN'
+      : selected?.name || (state.loading ? 'SYNCING DIRECTORY' : 'RADIO READY');
+  }
+  if (this._cockpitRadioStation) {
+    this._cockpitRadioStation.textContent = uncertain
+      ? 'UNCERTAIN'
+      : selected?.name || (state.loading ? 'SYNCING' : 'READY');
+  }
+  if (this._radioPlaybackState) {
+    const catalogSuffix = state.degraded
+      ? state.stale
+        ? ' · stale/degraded directory'
+        : ' · degraded directory'
+      : state.stale
+        ? ' · stale directory'
+        : '';
+    const outsideFilter =
+      selected && state.selectedIndex < 0 ? ' · outside current filter' : '';
+    const messages = {
+      stopped: enabled
+        ? 'Ready — playback starts only from your action'
+        : 'Radio off',
+      loading: 'Connecting directly to broadcaster…',
+      buffering: 'Buffering broadcaster stream…',
+      playing: `Playing ${selected?.name || 'station'}`,
+      paused: `Paused ${selected?.name || 'station'}`,
+      error: state.audioError || 'Broadcaster stream unavailable',
+    };
+    const voiceSuffix = state.voiceDucked
+      ? ' · muted during voice interaction'
+      : state.voiceRestoring
+        ? ' · restoring volume after voice'
+        : '';
+    const tuningSuffix = state.tuningAwaitingStationId
+      ? state.audioState === 'error'
+        ? ' · static indicates no broadcaster audio'
+        : ' · tuning static until broadcaster starts'
+      : '';
+    const unavailable = state.tuningUnavailableStationId
+      ? 'Station unavailable after directory refresh — choose another channel'
+      : null;
+    const lifecycleMessage = transitioning
+      ? lifecycleState === 'enabling'
+        ? 'Radio is enabling…'
+        : 'Radio is disabling…'
+      : null;
+    const uncertainMessage = uncertain
+      ? 'Radio lifecycle is uncertain — use Enable or Disable to reconcile'
+      : null;
+    this._radioPlaybackState.textContent = `${uncertainMessage || unavailable || lifecycleMessage || state.error || messages[state.audioState] || 'Ready'}${tuningSuffix}${voiceSuffix}${catalogSuffix}${outsideFilter}`;
+    this._radioPlaybackState.classList.toggle(
+      'error',
+      Boolean(
+        uncertainMessage ||
+        unavailable ||
+        state.error ||
+        state.audioState === 'error',
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+  if (
+    !enabled &&
+    !transitioning &&
+    !this.actions.preservePanelStateDuringClear() &&
+    !this._radioPanel.classList.contains('collapsed')
+  ) {
+    this.actions.setPanelCollapsed('radio-panel', true);
+  }
+  this.actions.scheduleLayout();
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/** Map an integer tuner slot directly to one available directory station. */
+export function radioTunerSlot(value, stationCount) {
+  const count = Math.max(0, Math.floor(Number(stationCount) || 0));
+  if (!count)
+    return {
+      slot: 0,
+      max: 0,
+      locked: false,
+      stationIndex: -1,
+      leftIndex: -1,
+      rightIndex: -1,
+    };
+  const max = Math.max(0, count - 1);
+  const slot = Math.min(max, Math.max(0, Math.round(Number(value) || 0)));
+  return {
+    slot,
+    max,
+    locked: true,
+    stationIndex: slot,
+    leftIndex: slot,
+    rightIndex: slot,
+  };
+}
+
+/** Snap a tuner release to the nearest available directory station. */
+export function radioTunerCommitSlot(value, stationCount) {
+  return radioTunerSlot(value, stationCount);
+}
+
+/** Map one pointer coordinate to continuous absolute directory progress. */
+export function radioTunerPointerPosition(
+  clientX,
+  left,
+  width,
+  stationCount,
+  insetPx = 7,
+) {
+  const count = Math.max(0, Math.floor(Number(stationCount) || 0));
+  if (!count) return { ratio: 0, coordinate: 0, stationIndex: -1 };
+  if (count === 1) return { ratio: 0.5, coordinate: 0, stationIndex: 0 };
+  const inset = Math.max(0, Number(insetPx) || 0);
+  const usableWidth = Math.max(1, (Number(width) || 0) - inset * 2);
+  const ratio = Math.min(
+    1,
+    Math.max(
+      0,
+      ((Number(clientX) || 0) - (Number(left) || 0) - inset) / usableWidth,
+    ),
+  );
+  const coordinate = ratio * (count - 1);
+  return {
+    ratio,
+    coordinate,
+    stationIndex: Math.min(
+      count - 1,
+      Math.max(0, Math.floor(coordinate + 0.5)),
+    ),
+  };
+}
+
+/** Build a bounded virtual tuner tape around one continuous directory coordinate. */
+export function buildRadioTunerTicks(
+  coordinate,
+  stationCount,
+  width,
+  {
+    insetPx = 7,
+    minPitchPx = 14,
+    speedFactor = 5,
+    overscan = 2,
+    labelStep = 6,
+  } = {},
+) {
+  const count = Math.max(0, Math.floor(Number(stationCount) || 0));
+  const dialWidth = Math.max(0, Number(width) || 0);
+  const inset = Math.max(0, Number(insetPx) || 0);
+  const usableWidth = Math.max(0, dialWidth - inset * 2);
+  if (!count) return { ticks: [], needleX: inset, pitchPx: 0, ratio: 0 };
+  const value = Math.min(count - 1, Math.max(0, Number(coordinate) || 0));
+  if (count === 1) {
+    return {
+      ticks: [
+        {
+          stationIndex: 0,
+          channel: 1,
+          xPx: inset + usableWidth / 2,
+          current: true,
+          label: '01',
+        },
+      ],
+      needleX: inset + usableWidth / 2,
+      pitchPx: Math.max(1, Number(minPitchPx) || 14),
+      ratio: 0.5,
+    };
+  }
+  const directoryStep = usableWidth / (count - 1);
+  const pitchPx = Math.max(
+    Math.max(1, Number(minPitchPx) || 14),
+    directoryStep * Math.max(1, Number(speedFactor) || 5),
+  );
+  const needleX = inset + directoryStep * value;
+  const overscanPx = pitchPx * Math.max(0, Number(overscan) || 0);
+  const first = Math.max(
+    0,
+    Math.ceil(value + (-overscanPx - needleX) / pitchPx),
+  );
+  const last = Math.min(
+    count - 1,
+    Math.floor(value + (dialWidth + overscanPx - needleX) / pitchPx),
+  );
+  const currentIndex = Math.min(
+    count - 1,
+    Math.max(0, Math.floor(value + 0.5)),
+  );
+  const majorEvery = Math.max(1, Math.floor(Number(labelStep) || 6));
+  const labelWidth = Math.max(2, String(count).length);
+  const ticks = [];
+  for (let stationIndex = first; stationIndex <= last; stationIndex += 1) {
+    const channel = stationIndex + 1;
+    const current = stationIndex === currentIndex;
+    const labelled =
+      current ||
+      stationIndex === 0 ||
+      stationIndex === count - 1 ||
+      channel % majorEvery === 0;
+    ticks.push({
+      stationIndex,
+      channel,
+      xPx: needleX + pitchPx * (stationIndex - value),
+      current,
+      label: labelled ? String(channel).padStart(labelWidth, '0') : '',
+    });
+  }
+  return { ticks, needleX, pitchPx, ratio: value / (count - 1) };
+}