Keep GNSS history across globe changes and share the Navara ground cell pass

scripts/check-import-directions.mjs

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ const navaraPackage = /^(?:(?:three|postprocessing)(?:\/|$)|@navaramap\/)/;
 const RENDERED_LAYER_DIRS = [
   'src/layers/alpr/',
   'src/layers/airQuality/',
+  'src/layers/gnss/',
   'src/layers/radio/',
   'src/layers/bikeshare/',
   'src/layers/earthquakes/',

scripts/package-boundaries.json

@@ -3227,6 +3227,7 @@
       "src/layers/perimeters/inciweb.js",
       "src/app/layers/gnss.js",
       "src/layers/gnss/index.js",
+      "src/layers/gnss/render/cesium.js",
       "src/layers/gnss/source.js",
       "src/layers/gnss/records.js",
       "src/app/layers/ghostMaps.js",
@@ -3657,6 +3658,7 @@
       "src/layers/earthquakes/render/cesium.js",
       "src/layers/earthquakes/render/navara.js",
       "src/layers/airQuality/render/navara.js",
+      "src/layers/gnss/render/navara.js",
       "src/layers/earthquakes/render/navaraGeometry.js",
       "src/layers/earthquakes/render/navaraGrid.js",
       "src/layers/installations/render/navara.js",
@@ -3683,7 +3685,8 @@
       "src/layers/alpr/render/navara.js",
       "src/layers/alpr/render/navaraOverlay.js",
       "src/layers/radio/screenClusters.js",
-      "src/layers/firms/render/navaraGeometry.js",
+      "src/layers/shared/render/navaraCellGeometry.js",
+      "src/layers/shared/render/navaraGroundCells.js",
       "src/layers/firms/render/navaraSprites.js",
       "src/layers/shared/render/navaraGroundGeometry.js",
       "src/layers/shared/render/navaraGroundGrid.js",
@@ -4104,6 +4107,7 @@
       "src/layers/perimeters/inciweb.js",
       "src/app/layers/gnss.js",
       "src/layers/gnss/index.js",
+      "src/layers/gnss/render/cesium.js",
       "src/layers/gnss/source.js",
       "src/layers/gnss/records.js",
       "src/app/layers/ghostMaps.js",
@@ -5237,6 +5241,7 @@
     "exports": ["./layers/gnss"],
     "modules": [
       "src/layers/gnss/index.js",
+      "src/layers/gnss/render/cesium.js",
       "src/sources/httpBody.js",
       "src/i18n/marker.js",
       "src/layers/gnss/source.js",

scripts/qa-ground-layer-switch.mjs

@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ try {
     const fetch = window.fetch.bind(window);
     window.fetch = (input, o) => {
       const url = new URL(input.url ?? input, document.baseURI);
+      if (url.pathname === '/api/gnss-integrity') {
+        return Promise.resolve(Response.json({ageMs: 0, rows: ['a1','a2','a3'].map(hex =>
+          ({hex, lat: 43.65, lon: -79.38, nic: 0, nacp: 0, degraded: true, gpsLost: false}))}));
+      }
       if (url.hostname === 'api.weather.gc.ca') {
         const records = url.pathname.includes('aqhi-stations')
           ? [
@@ -76,12 +80,12 @@ try {
       () => window.__godsEyeView.styleManager.initialRestorePromise,
     );
   };
-  const capture = async (visible) => {
-    await p.evaluate(async (show) => {
+  const capture = async (visible, layerId = 'air-quality') => {
+    await p.evaluate(async (show, id) => {
       const d = window.__godsEyeView;
-      await d.dataManager.setEnabled('air-quality', show, { origin: 'user' });
+      await d.dataManager.setEnabled(id, show, { origin: 'user' });
       d.engine.render.request('qa-air-quality');
-    }, visible);
+    }, visible, layerId);
     await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 3900));
     const shot = await p.screenshot();
     return sharp(shot)
@@ -97,6 +101,7 @@ try {
     if (d.tileset || window.__GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY__)
       throw Error('Keyless required');
     window.qaAir = d.dataManager.layers.get('air-quality').module;
+    window.qaGnss = d.dataManager.layers.get('gnss-integrity').module;
   });
   for (const kind of ['navara', 'cesium', 'navara']) {
     if ((await p.evaluate(() => window.__godsEyeView.engine.kind)) !== kind) {
@@ -105,10 +110,12 @@ try {
       const same = await p.evaluate(
         () =>
           window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('air-quality').module ===
-          window.qaAir,
+          window.qaAir &&
+          window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('gnss-integrity').module === window.qaGnss,
       );
       assert.ok(same);
     }
+    await p.evaluate(() => window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.setEnabled('gnss-integrity', false));
     const off = await capture(false),
       on = await capture(true);
     const values = await p.evaluate(() => ({
@@ -131,6 +138,14 @@ try {
     assert.equal(values.records[0].name, 'QA Toronto');
     assert.equal(values.records[0].value, 9);
     assert.equal(values.card.length, 1);
+    await capture(false);
+    const cellOff = await capture(false, 'gnss-integrity');
+    const cellOn = await capture(true, 'gnss-integrity');
+    assert.ok(orange(cellOn) > orange(cellOff) + 5, kind + ' must draw GNSS high cell');
+    const gnss = await p.evaluate(() => window.qaGnss.getStats());
+    assert.equal(gnss.levels.high, 1);
+    console.log('PASS', kind, 'GNSS high cell, view anchor', gnss.coverage.latitude, gnss.coverage.longitude);
+    await p.evaluate(() => window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.setEnabled('air-quality', true));
   }
   assert.deepEqual(errors, []);
 } finally {

src/app/constructCatalog.js

@@ -196,10 +196,10 @@ export function createApplicationCatalog({
       [
         'gnss-integrity',
         () =>
-          createApplicationGnssIntegrity({
+          sessionModel('gnss-integrity', () => createApplicationGnssIntegrity({
             source: sources['gnss-integrity'],
             windowMs: sources['gnss-integrity'].windowMs,
-          }),
+          })),
       ],
       [
         's2-ghostmaps',

src/app/layers/gnss.js

@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
+import { rendererFor } from './renderers.js';
+import { createGnssCesiumRenderer } from '../../layers/gnss/render/cesium.js';
 import { createGnssIntegrityLayer } from '../../layers/gnss/index.js';
 
 /** Wire the adsb.lol GNSS navigation-integrity layer into the application catalog. */
 export function createApplicationGnssIntegrity(options) {
-  return createGnssIntegrityLayer(options);
+  return createGnssIntegrityLayer({
+    createRenderer: ({ viewer, engine, viewAnchor }) => engine
+      ? rendererFor('gnss-integrity', engine, { viewer, viewAnchor })
+      : createGnssCesiumRenderer({ viewer, viewAnchor }),
+    ...options,
+  });
 }

src/app/layers/renderers.js

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { createGnssCesiumRenderer } from '../../layers/gnss/render/cesium.js';
 import { createAirQualityCesiumRenderer } from '../../layers/airQuality/render/cesium.js';
 import { createFirmsCesiumRenderer } from '../../layers/firms/render/cesium.js';
 import { createEarthquakesCesiumRenderer } from '../../layers/earthquakes/render/cesium.js';
@@ -94,6 +95,7 @@ export const layerAvailableOn = (layerId, engineKind) =>
 export const CESIUM_LAYER_RENDERERS = Object.freeze({
   earthquakes: createEarthquakesCesiumRenderer,
   'air-quality': (_engine, options) => createAirQualityCesiumRenderer(options),
+  'gnss-integrity': (_engine, options) => createGnssCesiumRenderer(options),
   'local-firms': createFirmsCesiumRenderer,
   'rocket-launches': createLaunchesCesiumRenderer,
   satellites: createSatellitesCesiumRenderer,

src/app/layers/renderers.test.mjs

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ test('the aircraft, vessels, satellites, launches and earthquakes have extracted
   assert.deepEqual(Object.keys(CESIUM_LAYER_RENDERERS), [
     'earthquakes',
     'air-quality',
+    'gnss-integrity',
     'local-firms',
     'rocket-launches',
     'satellites',

src/app/navaraLayers.test.mjs

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ test('the Navara mode registers migrated renderers once', async () => {
     'ais-live-vessels',
     'earthquakes',
     'air-quality',
+    'gnss-integrity',
     'local-firms',
     'military-installations',
     'bikeshare',
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ test('the Navara mode registers migrated renderers once', async () => {
       'local-adsb',
       'earthquakes',
       'air-quality',
+      'gnss-integrity',
       'alpr-cameras',
       'satellites',
       'rocket-launches',

src/app/navaraMode.js

@@ -123,6 +123,10 @@ export async function registerNavaraLayerRenderers() {
           ...navaraViews.get(engine),
         });
     },
+    'gnss-integrity': async () => {
+      const { createGnssNavaraRenderer } = await import('../layers/gnss/render/navara.js');
+      return (engine) => createGnssNavaraRenderer(engine, navaraViews.get(engine));
+    },
     'air-quality': async () => {
       const { createAirQualityNavaraRenderer } =
         await import('../layers/airQuality/render/navara.js');

src/layers/firms/render/navara.js

@@ -1,291 +1,26 @@
 // FIRMS terrain/tiles classification and actual engine mover glows.
-import { Effect, EffectAttribute } from 'postprocessing';
-import { Matrix4, Uniform } from 'three';
 import { createEngineLayerView } from '../../shared/render/engineView.js';
 import { selectionDispatcherFor } from '../../../data/selectionDispatcher.js';
 import { LOD_LEVELS } from '../policy.js';
 import { createFirmsSpriteBank } from './navaraSprites.js';
-import { rectangleFrame } from './navaraGeometry.js';
-import {
-  viewFrame,
-  groundClipBounds,
-} from '../../shared/render/navaraGroundGeometry.js';
-import {
-  createGroundGrid,
-  GRID_COLS,
-  GRID_ROWS,
-} from '../../shared/render/navaraGroundGrid.js';
-import {
-  createGroundTexture,
-  createGroundStorage,
-  groundSurfaceUniforms,
-  updateGroundSurface,
-} from '../../shared/render/navaraGroundSurface.js';
-const KEY = 'gevFirmsGround';
-const registeredViews = new WeakSet();
-const fragmentShader = /* glsl */ `
-uniform sampler2D tAllDepth;
-uniform sampler2D tSurfaceDepth;
-uniform sampler2D tCells;
-uniform sampler2D tGrid;
-uniform sampler2D tCandidates;
-uniform vec2 uCellSize;
-uniform vec2 uCandidateSize;
-uniform mat4 uInverseProjection;
-uniform mat4 uInverseView;
-uniform float uLogDepthFC;
-vec4 atSlot(sampler2D image,vec2 size,float slot) {
-  return texture2D(image,(vec2(mod(slot,size.x),floor(slot/size.x))+0.5)/size);
-}
-vec3 toDisplay(vec3 c) {
-  return mix(12.92*c,1.055*pow(max(c,vec3(0.0)),vec3(1.0/2.4))-0.055,step(vec3(0.0031308),c));
-}
-vec3 toLinear(vec3 c) {
-  return mix(c/12.92,pow(max((c+0.055)/1.055,vec3(0.0)),vec3(2.4)),step(vec3(0.04045),c));
-}
-vec3 pixelPlane(float distance,vec3 normal,vec3 dx,vec3 dy) {
-  return vec3(distance,dot(normal,dx),dot(normal,dy));
-}
-float rectangleCoverage(vec3 west,vec3 east,vec3 south,vec3 north) {
-  vec3 edges[4];
-  edges[0]=west;edges[1]=east;edges[2]=south;edges[3]=north;
-  float coverage=1.0;
-  int partial=0;
-  for(int i=0;i<4;i++) {
-    float width=abs(edges[i].y)+abs(edges[i].z);
-    coverage=min(coverage,clamp(edges[i].x/max(width,0.001)+0.5,0.0,1.0));
-    if(coverage<=0.0) return 0.0;
-    if(edges[i].x<=width*0.5) partial++;
-  }
-  if(partial<2) return coverage;
-  // Intersect the SAME pixel square with all sides. Minimum soft-edge
-  // coverage creates long miter halos at acute/polar rectangle corners.
-  vec2 polygon[8],clipped[8];
-  polygon[0]=vec2(-0.5,-0.5);polygon[1]=vec2(0.5,-0.5);
-  polygon[2]=vec2(0.5,0.5);polygon[3]=vec2(-0.5,0.5);
-  int count=4;
-  for(int side=0;side<4;side++) {
-    int nextCount=0;
-    vec2 previous=polygon[count-1];
-    float before=edges[side].x+dot(edges[side].yz,previous);
-    for(int i=0;i<8;i++) {
-      if(i>=count) break;
-      vec2 current=polygon[i];
-      float after=edges[side].x+dot(edges[side].yz,current);
-      if((before>0.0&&after<0.0)||(before<0.0&&after>0.0))
-        clipped[nextCount++]=mix(previous,current,before/(before-after));
-      if(after>=0.0) clipped[nextCount++]=current;
-      previous=current;before=after;
-    }
-    count=nextCount;
-    if(count<3) return 0.0;
-    for(int i=0;i<8;i++) { if(i>=count) break;polygon[i]=clipped[i]; }
-  }
-  float area=0.0;
-  vec2 previous=polygon[count-1];
-  for(int i=0;i<8;i++) {
-    if(i>=count) break;
-    area+=previous.x*polygon[i].y-previous.y*polygon[i].x;
-    previous=polygon[i];
-  }
-  return clamp(abs(area)*0.5,0.0,1.0);
-}
-void mainImage(const in vec4 inputColor,const in vec2 uv,out vec4 outputColor) {
-  outputColor=inputColor;
-  float depth=unpackRGBAToDepth(texture2D(tAllDepth,uv));
-  float distance=exp2(2.0*depth/uLogDepthFC)-1.0;
-  vec4 ray=uInverseProjection*vec4(uv*2.0-1.0,-1.0,1.0);
-  vec3 point=ray.xyz*(distance/-ray.z);
-  // Evaluate derivatives before divergent candidate branches, as in quakes.
-  vec3 world=(uInverseView*vec4(point,1.0)).xyz;
-  vec3 dx=(uInverseView*vec4(dFdx(point),0.0)).xyz;
-  vec3 dy=(uInverseView*vec4(dFdy(point),0.0)).xyz;
-  // A quad crossing the sky has no surface derivative. Keep exact halfspaces
-  // there; otherwise its far-plane lane spreads cell AA along the globe limb.
-  float onSurface=1.0-step(1.0,depth);
-  float derivativeMask=1.0-step(0.5,abs(dFdx(onSurface))+abs(dFdy(onSurface)));
-  dx*=derivativeMask;
-  dy*=derivativeMask;
-  if(depth>=1.0) return;
-  vec2 tile=clamp(floor(uv*vec2(${GRID_COLS}.0,${GRID_ROWS}.0)),vec2(0.0),vec2(${GRID_COLS - 1}.0,${GRID_ROWS - 1}.0));
-  vec2 range=texture2D(tGrid,(tile+0.5)/vec2(${GRID_COLS}.0,${GRID_ROWS}.0)).xy;
-  if(range.y<0.5) return;
-  float surface=texture2D(tSurfaceDepth,uv).r;
-  if(depth<surface-2e-7) return;
-  float rho=length(world.xy);
-  vec2 radial=world.xy/max(rho,0.001);
-  vec3 color=toDisplay(inputColor.rgb);
-  for(int k=0;k<int(range.y);k++) {
-    float id=atSlot(tCandidates,uCandidateSize,range.x+float(k)).x;
-    vec4 longitude=atSlot(tCells,uCellSize,id*4.0);
-    vec3 south=atSlot(tCells,uCellSize,id*4.0+1.0).xyz;
-    vec3 north=atSlot(tCells,uCellSize,id*4.0+2.0).xyz;
-    vec3 westNormal=vec3(-longitude.x,longitude.y,0.0);
-    vec3 eastNormal=vec3(longitude.z,-longitude.w,0.0);
-    float coverage=rectangleCoverage(
-      pixelPlane(dot(westNormal,world),westNormal,dx,dy),
-      pixelPlane(dot(eastNormal,world),eastNormal,dx,dy),
-      pixelPlane(world.z*south.y-rho*south.x+south.z,vec3(-south.x*radial,south.y),dx,dy),
-      pixelPlane(rho*north.x-world.z*north.y-north.z,vec3(north.x*radial,-north.y),dx,dy));
-    if(coverage<=0.0) continue;
-    vec4 fill=atSlot(tCells,uCellSize,id*4.0+3.0);
-    color=mix(color,fill.rgb,fill.a*coverage);
-  }
-  outputColor=vec4(toLinear(color),inputColor.a);
-}
-`;
-function buildState(cells) {
-  const frames = cells.map(rectangleFrame),
-    packed = createGroundStorage(cells.length * 4);
-  const grid = createGroundGrid(cells.length),
-    gridData = new Float32Array(GRID_COLS * GRID_ROWS * 4);
-  const gridTexture = createGroundTexture(gridData, GRID_COLS, GRID_ROWS);
-  let candidates = createGroundStorage(1);
-  const scratch = new Float64Array(12),
-    bounds = new Float64Array(4);
-  const lastView = new Float64Array(16).fill(NaN),
-    lastProjection = new Float64Array(16).fill(NaN);
-  let lastWidth = 0,
-    lastHeight = 0;
-  frames.forEach((frame, index) => {
-    const offset = index * 16,
-      color = cells[index].color;
-    packed.data.set(frame.bounds.longitude, offset);
-    packed.data.set(frame.bounds.south, offset + 4);
-    packed.data.set(frame.bounds.north, offset + 8);
-    packed.data.set(
-      [color.red, color.green, color.blue, color.alpha],
-      offset + 12,
-    );
-  });
-  return {
-    count: cells.length,
-    packed,
-    gridTexture,
-    get candidates() {
-      return candidates;
-    },
-    update(camera, context) {
-      const input = context.getInputBuffer(),
-        view = camera.matrixWorldInverse.elements,
-        projection = camera.projectionMatrix.elements;
-      let changed = input.width !== lastWidth || input.height !== lastHeight;
-      for (let i = 0; i < 16 && !changed; i++)
-        changed =
-          view[i] !== lastView[i] || projection[i] !== lastProjection[i];
-      if (!changed) return;
-      lastView.set(view);
-      lastProjection.set(projection);
-      lastWidth = input.width;
-      lastHeight = input.height;
-      frames.forEach((frame, index) => {
-        viewFrame(frame, camera.matrixWorldInverse, scratch);
-        groundClipBounds(frame, scratch, camera.projectionMatrix, bounds);
-        if (bounds[0] <= 1) {
-          bounds[0] -= 2 / Math.max(1, input.width);
-          bounds[2] += 2 / Math.max(1, input.width);
-          bounds[1] -= 2 / Math.max(1, input.height);
-          bounds[3] += 2 / Math.max(1, input.height);
-        }
-        grid.bounds.set(bounds, index * 4);
-      });
-      const total = grid.pack();
-      if (candidates.data.length / 4 < total) {
-        candidates.texture.dispose();
-        candidates = createGroundStorage(
-          Math.max(total, candidates.data.length / 2),
-        );
-      }
-      for (let i = 0; i < total; i++) candidates.data[i * 4] = grid.indices[i];
-      for (let i = 0; i < grid.counts.length; i++) {
-        gridData[i * 4] = grid.offsets[i];
-        gridData[i * 4 + 1] = grid.counts[i];
-      }
-      gridTexture.needsUpdate = true;
-      candidates.texture.needsUpdate = true;
-    },
-    dispose() {
-      packed.texture.dispose();
-      gridTexture.dispose();
-      candidates.texture.dispose();
-    },
-  };
-}
-function groundEffectClass(EffectDesc, NavaraEffect) {
-  return class FirmsGroundEffectDesc extends EffectDesc {
-    static key = KEY;
-    static insertAfter = [
-      'gevEarthquakeGround',
-      'gevRecentImagery',
-      'toneMapping',
-    ];
-    static insertBefore = [
-      'gevPreSharpenOverlay',
-      'gevSharpen',
-      'smaa',
-      'fxaa',
-      'gevOverlay',
-      'final',
-    ];
-    constructor(view, context, config) {
-      super(view, context, config);
-      this.owner = config[KEY].owner;
-    }
-    createPass() {
-      this.effect = new Effect('GevFirmsGround', fragmentShader, {
-        attributes: EffectAttribute.CONVOLUTION,
-        uniforms: new Map([
-          ...groundSurfaceUniforms(),
-          ['tCells', new Uniform(null)],
-          ['tGrid', new Uniform(null)],
-          ['tCandidates', new Uniform(null)],
-          ['uCellSize', new Uniform([1, 1])],
-          ['uCandidateSize', new Uniform([1, 1])],
-          ['uInverseView', new Uniform(new Matrix4())],
-        ]),
-      });
-      return new NavaraEffect(this.view.camera.raw, this.effect);
-    }
-    update() {
-      const state = this.owner.state,
-        camera = this.view.camera.raw;
-      if (!this.effect || !state || !camera) return;
-      updateGroundSurface(this.effect, camera, this.ctx, this.find('mrt'));
-      state.update(camera, this.ctx);
-      const u = this.effect.uniforms;
-      u.get('tCells').value = state.packed.texture;
-      u.get('uCellSize').value[0] = state.packed.width;
-      u.get('uCellSize').value[1] = state.packed.height;
-      u.get('tGrid').value = state.gridTexture;
-      u.get('tCandidates').value = state.candidates.texture;
-      u.get('uCandidateSize').value[0] = state.candidates.width;
-      u.get('uCandidateSize').value[1] = state.candidates.height;
-      u.get('uInverseView').value.copy(camera.matrixWorld);
-    }
-    onDestroy() {
-      this.effect?.dispose();
-      super.onDestroy();
-    }
-  };
-}
+import { createGroundCellDisplay } from '../../shared/render/navaraGroundCells.js';
 export function createFirmsNavaraRenderer(
   engine,
   { view: nativeView, EffectDesc, NavaraEffect, id = 'local-firms' } = {},
 ) {
   if (!engine?.movers || !nativeView?.camera || !EffectDesc || !NavaraEffect)
     throw new TypeError('FIRMS requires a Navara view');
-  if (!registeredViews.has(nativeView)) {
-    nativeView.registerEffect(KEY, groundEffectClass(EffectDesc, NavaraEffect));
-    registeredViews.add(nativeView);
-  }
+  const display = createGroundCellDisplay(
+    engine,
+    { view: nativeView, EffectDesc, NavaraEffect },
+    1,
+  );
   let destroyed = false,
     visible = false,
     cells = [],
     queued = false,
-    handle = null,
     sprites = null;
-  const owner = { state: buildState([]) },
-    dataSource = { show: false },
+  const dataSource = { show: false },
     handlers = new Set();
   const adapter = createEngineLayerView(engine, {
     layerId: id,
@@ -293,24 +28,13 @@ export function createFirmsNavaraRenderer(
   });
   adapter.view.camera.moveEnd = engine.camera.moveEnd;
   adapter.view.scene.preRender = engine.frames.preRender;
-  const sync = () => {
-    const show = visible && owner.state.count > 0;
-    if (show && !handle)
-      handle = nativeView.addEffect({ [KEY]: { owner }, visible: true });
-    else handle?.update({ visible: show });
-  };
   const scheduleCells = () => {
     if (queued || destroyed) return;
     queued = true;
     queueMicrotask(() => {
       queued = false;
       if (destroyed) return;
-      const next = buildState(cells),
-        previous = owner.state;
-      owner.state = next;
-      sync();
-      previous.dispose();
-      if (visible) engine.render.request('firms-cells');
+      display.replace(cells);
     });
   };
   const removeSprites = () => {
@@ -366,7 +90,7 @@ export function createFirmsNavaraRenderer(
       visible = next;
       dataSource.show = next;
       sprites?.setVisible(next);
-      sync();
+      display.setVisible(visible);
       engine.render.request('firms-visibility');
     },
     clearCells() {
@@ -406,8 +130,7 @@ export function createFirmsNavaraRenderer(
       cells = [];
       for (const handler of [...handlers]) handler.destroy();
       removeSprites();
-      handle?.delete();
-      owner.state.dispose();
+      display.destroy();
       adapter.destroy();
       engine.render.request('firms-destroy');
     },

src/layers/firms/render/navara.test.mjs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { createGroundCellDisplay } from '../../shared/render/navaraGroundCells.js';
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import { createEngineEvent } from '../../../globe/contract.js';
@@ -130,6 +131,32 @@ test('ground changes are atomic, lazy and dispose replaced and destroyed GPU tex
   second.destroy();
   assert.equal(h.registered.length, 1);
 });
+test('GNSS and FIRMS share one ground pass without hiding or destroying one another', async () => {
+  const h = harness();
+  const gnss = createGroundCellDisplay(h.engine, h.options, 0);
+  const fire = h.renderer;
+  try {
+    fire.setVisible(true);
+    fire.addCell(cell);
+    await settle();
+    gnss.replace([cell, cell]);
+    gnss.setVisible(true);
+    const owner = h.effects[0].config.gevFirmsGround.owner;
+    assert.equal(h.effects.length, 1);
+    assert.equal(owner.state.count, 3);
+    gnss.setVisible(false);
+    assert.equal(owner.state.count, 1);
+    gnss.setVisible(true);
+    fire.destroy();
+    assert.equal(owner.state.count, 2);
+    assert.equal(h.effects[0].deleted, 0);
+  } finally {
+    fire.destroy();
+    gnss.destroy();
+  }
+  assert.equal(h.effects[0].deleted, 1);
+});
+
 test('FIRMS selection uses actual engine event picks and releases its dispatcher subscriptions', () => {
   const h = harness(),
     r = h.renderer;

src/layers/firms/render/navaraGeometry.test.mjs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import {
   rectangleBoundaries,
   rectangleDistances,
   rectangleFrame,
-} from './navaraGeometry.js';
+} from '../../shared/render/navaraCellGeometry.js';
 const cases = [];
 for (const lat of [-90, -80, -45, 0, 45, 80, 88])
   for (const west of [-180, -123, 0, 178])

src/layers/gnss/index.js

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { createGnssCesiumRenderer } from './render/cesium.js';
+export { defaultGnssViewAnchor } from './render/cesium.js';
 import { formatNumber, msg, t } from '../../i18n/index.js';
 import { translateFeedError } from '../../ui/statusText.js';
 import {
@@ -13,17 +14,6 @@ import {
 export * from './records.js';
 export { createAdsbGnssSource } from './source.js';
 
-/**
- * GroundPrimitive allowPicking:false suppresses ids but still submits stencil
- * commands in Cesium's pick pass, erasing picks of overlapping ground geometry.
- * This fill participates only in rendering, so sibling polygons remain pickable.
- */
-class GnssGroundFill extends Cesium.GroundPrimitive {
-  update(frameState) {
-    if (!frameState.passes.pick) super.update(frameState);
-  }
-}
-
 /** Low stays visible over land so coverage reads apart from no data. */
 const FILL_ALPHA = Object.freeze({ low: 0.3, medium: 0.42, high: 0.55 });
 const LEVEL_LABELS = Object.freeze({
@@ -32,34 +22,6 @@ const LEVEL_LABELS = Object.freeze({
   high: msg('Low-accuracy score > 10%'),
 });
 
-/** Degrees at the centre of the current view, or null before the camera settles. */
-export function defaultGnssViewAnchor(viewer) {
-  const canvas = viewer?.scene?.canvas;
-  const ellipsoid = viewer?.scene?.globe?.ellipsoid;
-  // At globe scale the visible rectangle can be the whole world, whose
-  // midpoint is unrelated to the place under the screen centre.
-  const centre =
-    canvas?.clientWidth > 0 &&
-    canvas.clientHeight > 0 &&
-    viewer.camera?.pickEllipsoid?.(
-      new Cesium.Cartesian2(canvas.clientWidth / 2, canvas.clientHeight / 2),
-      ellipsoid,
-    );
-  const rectangle =
-    !centre && viewer?.camera?.computeViewRectangle?.(ellipsoid);
-  const carto = centre
-    ? (ellipsoid || Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84).cartesianToCartographic(centre)
-    : rectangle
-      ? Cesium.Rectangle.center(rectangle)
-      : viewer?.camera?.positionCartographic;
-  if (!carto) return null;
-  const latitude = Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.latitude);
-  const longitude = Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.longitude);
-  return Number.isFinite(latitude) && Number.isFinite(longitude)
-    ? { latitude, longitude }
-    : null;
-}
-
 /**
  * Own one GNSS navigation-integrity display: rolling integrity observations
  * around the views the user visits, binned into cells coloured by the
@@ -67,7 +29,8 @@ export function defaultGnssViewAnchor(viewer) {
  */
 export function createGnssIntegrityLayer({
   source,
-  viewAnchor = defaultGnssViewAnchor,
+  viewAnchor,
+  createRenderer = createGnssCesiumRenderer,
   now = () => Date.now(),
   monotonicNow = () => performance.now(),
   windowMs: requestedWindowMs,
@@ -80,8 +43,9 @@ export function createGnssIntegrityLayer({
     Number.isFinite(requestedWindowMs) && requestedWindowMs > 0
       ? requestedWindowMs
       : GNSS_WINDOW_MS;
-  let _viewer = null;
-  let _primitives = null;
+  let initialized = false;
+  let renderer = null;
+  let lastAnchor = null;
   let _request = null;
   let _enabled = false;
   let _cells = [];
@@ -109,9 +73,9 @@ export function createGnssIntegrityLayer({
       : null;
 
   function scheduleCameraRefresh() {
-    if (!_enabled || !_primitives) return;
+    if (!_enabled || !renderer) return;
     if (now() < _retryAt) return;
-    const key = queryKey(viewAnchor(_viewer));
+    const key = queryKey(renderer?.anchor());
     if (!key || key === _lastQueryKey) return;
     clearTimeout(_cameraTimer);
     // Debounce drags and bound moving/follow cameras to at most 24 requests
@@ -120,7 +84,7 @@ export function createGnssIntegrityLayer({
       async () => {
         _cameraTimer = null;
         if (!_enabled || _backgroundRefresh || _request) return;
-        const key = queryKey(viewAnchor(_viewer));
+        const key = queryKey(renderer?.anchor());
         if (!key || key === _lastQueryKey) return;
         await refreshInBackground();
       },
@@ -174,45 +138,8 @@ export function createGnssIntegrityLayer({
       _cells.map(({ id, level }) => [id, level]),
     );
     if (signature === _signature) return;
+    renderer?.replace(_cells, FILL_ALPHA);
     _signature = signature;
-    _primitives.removeAll();
-    if (_cells.length) {
-      _primitives.add(
-        new GnssGroundFill({
-          geometryInstances: _cells.map(
-            (cell) =>
-              new Cesium.GeometryInstance({
-                id: `${layer.id}:${cell.id}`,
-                geometry: new Cesium.RectangleGeometry({
-                  rectangle: Cesium.Rectangle.fromDegrees(
-                    cell.west,
-                    cell.south,
-                    cell.east,
-                    cell.north,
-                  ),
-                  vertexFormat: Cesium.PerInstanceColorAppearance.VERTEX_FORMAT,
-                }),
-                attributes: {
-                  color: Cesium.ColorGeometryInstanceAttribute.fromColor(
-                    Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString(
-                      GNSS_LEVEL_COLORS[cell.level],
-                    ).withAlpha(FILL_ALPHA[cell.level]),
-                  ),
-                },
-              }),
-          ),
-          appearance: new Cesium.PerInstanceColorAppearance({
-            flat: true,
-            translucent: true,
-          }),
-          classificationType: Cesium.ClassificationType.BOTH,
-          allowPicking: false,
-          // Retain the compact rectangle descriptors for inspection, not Entity visualizers.
-          releaseGeometryInstances: false,
-        }),
-      );
-    }
-    _viewer?.scene?.requestRender?.();
   }
 
   const layer = {
@@ -228,29 +155,45 @@ export function createGnssIntegrityLayer({
       _manager = manager;
     },
 
-    init(viewer) {
-      if (_viewer)
+    init(viewer, { engine = null } = {}) {
+      if (initialized)
         throw new Error('GNSS integrity layer is already initialized');
-      _viewer = viewer;
-      _primitives = new Cesium.PrimitiveCollection();
-      _primitives.id = layer.id;
-      _primitives.show = false;
-      viewer.scene.groundPrimitives.add(_primitives);
-      _removeCameraEnd = viewer.camera?.moveEnd?.addEventListener(
-        scheduleCameraRefresh,
-      );
-      _removeCameraChanged = viewer.camera?.changed?.addEventListener(
-        scheduleCameraRefresh,
-      );
+      initialized = true;
+      try {
+        if (viewer || engine) this.attachRenderer(viewer, { engine });
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.destroy();
+        throw error;
+      }
+    },
+
+    attachRenderer(viewer, { engine = null } = {}) {
+      if (!initialized || renderer)
+        throw new Error('Invalid GNSS scene attachment');
+      renderer = createRenderer({ viewer, engine, viewAnchor });
+      _removeCameraEnd = renderer.camera?.moveEnd?.addEventListener(scheduleCameraRefresh);
+      _removeCameraChanged = renderer.camera?.changed?.addEventListener(scheduleCameraRefresh);
+      _signature = null;
+      if (_enabled) expire();
+      renderer.setVisible(_enabled);
+    },
+
+    detachRenderer() {
+      clearTimeout(_cameraTimer);
+      _cameraTimer = null;
+      _removeCameraEnd?.();
+      _removeCameraChanged?.();
+      _removeCameraEnd = null;
+      _removeCameraChanged = null;
+      renderer?.destroy();
+      renderer = null;
+      _signature = null;
     },
 
     enable() {
       _enabled = true;
-      // Cells left from before a long disable must not reappear past the window.
-      if (_primitives) {
-        expire();
-        _primitives.show = true;
-      }
+      expire();
+      renderer?.setVisible(true);
     },
 
     disable() {
@@ -263,11 +206,11 @@ export function createGnssIntegrityLayer({
       _request?.abort();
       _request = null;
       _enabled = false;
-      if (_primitives) _primitives.show = false;
+      renderer?.setVisible(false);
     },
 
     async update(_viewerArg, { signal } = {}) {
-      if (!_enabled || !_primitives || signal?.aborted) return false;
+      if (!_enabled || signal?.aborted) return false;
       if (now() < _retryAt) {
         expire();
         scheduleRetry();
@@ -276,7 +219,8 @@ export function createGnssIntegrityLayer({
       _retryAt = 0;
       clearTimeout(_retryTimer);
       _retryTimer = null;
-      const anchor = viewAnchor(_viewer);
+      const anchor = renderer ? renderer.anchor() : lastAnchor;
+      lastAnchor = anchor;
       // No anchor yet (camera still settling) is not a failure: returning
       // false would make the manager reject the enable. The next interval
       // retries; cells already drawn still age out of the window.
@@ -352,20 +296,13 @@ export function createGnssIntegrityLayer({
       }
     },
 
-    destroy(viewer = _viewer) {
+    destroy() {
       layer.disable();
-      _removeCameraEnd?.();
-      _removeCameraChanged?.();
-      _removeCameraEnd = null;
-      _removeCameraChanged = null;
+      initialized = false;
+      layer.detachRenderer();
       _observations.clear();
       _cells = [];
-      _signature = null;
-      if (_primitives) {
-        viewer.scene.groundPrimitives.remove(_primitives);
-        _primitives = null;
-      }
-      _viewer = null;
+      lastAnchor = null;
       _lastUpdate = null;
       _lastError = null;
       _stale = false;

src/layers/gnss/ownership.test.mjs

@@ -698,3 +698,24 @@ test('view anchor falls back to rectangle, then nadir, then no camera', () => {
   assert.ok(Math.abs(nadirAnchor.latitude - 41) < 1e-10);
   assert.ok(Math.abs(nadirAnchor.longitude - 21) < 1e-10);
 });
+
+test('an in-flight regional response supplies the next renderer without a new request', async () => {
+  let resolve, calls = 0;
+  const h = harness(() => { calls++; return new Promise(done => { resolve = done; }); });
+  try {
+    h.layer.enable();
+    const pending = h.layer.update();
+    h.layer.detachRenderer();
+    assert.equal(h.viewer.camera.changed.numberOfListeners, 0);
+    resolve({ rows: threeHealthy() });
+    assert.equal(await pending, true);
+    assert.equal(h.sources.length, 0);
+    assert.equal(h.layer.getStats().levels.low, 1);
+    h.layer.attachRenderer(h.viewer);
+    assert.equal(h.sources[0].length, 1);
+    assert.equal(calls, 1);
+    assert.equal(h.viewer.camera.changed.numberOfListeners, 1);
+  } finally {
+    h.layer.destroy();
+  }
+});

src/layers/gnss/render/cesium.js

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { GNSS_LEVEL_COLORS } from '../records.js';
+
+/**
+ * GroundPrimitive allowPicking:false suppresses ids but still submits stencil
+ * commands in Cesium's pick pass, erasing picks of overlapping ground geometry.
+ * This fill participates only in rendering, so sibling polygons remain pickable.
+ */
+class GnssGroundFill extends Cesium.GroundPrimitive {
+  update(frameState) {
+    if (!frameState.passes.pick) super.update(frameState);
+  }
+}
+
+/** Degrees at the centre of the current view, or null before the camera settles. */
+export function defaultGnssViewAnchor(viewer) {
+  const canvas = viewer?.scene?.canvas;
+  const ellipsoid = viewer?.scene?.globe?.ellipsoid;
+  // At globe scale the visible rectangle can be the whole world, whose
+  // midpoint is unrelated to the place under the screen centre.
+  const centre =
+    canvas?.clientWidth > 0 &&
+    canvas.clientHeight > 0 &&
+    viewer.camera?.pickEllipsoid?.(
+      new Cesium.Cartesian2(canvas.clientWidth / 2, canvas.clientHeight / 2),
+      ellipsoid,
+    );
+  const rectangle =
+    !centre && viewer?.camera?.computeViewRectangle?.(ellipsoid);
+  const carto = centre
+    ? (ellipsoid || Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84).cartesianToCartographic(centre)
+    : rectangle
+      ? Cesium.Rectangle.center(rectangle)
+      : viewer?.camera?.positionCartographic;
+  if (!carto) return null;
+  const latitude = Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.latitude);
+  const longitude = Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.longitude);
+  return Number.isFinite(latitude) && Number.isFinite(longitude)
+    ? { latitude, longitude }
+    : null;
+}
+
+export function createGnssCesiumRenderer({
+  viewer,
+  viewAnchor = defaultGnssViewAnchor,
+}) {
+  const primitives = new Cesium.PrimitiveCollection();
+  primitives.id = 'gnss-integrity';
+  primitives.show = false;
+  viewer.scene.groundPrimitives.add(primitives);
+  return {
+    camera: viewer.camera,
+    anchor: () => viewAnchor(viewer),
+    setVisible(show) {
+      primitives.show = show;
+    },
+    replace(cells, alpha) {
+      primitives.removeAll();
+      if (cells.length) {
+        primitives.add(
+          new GnssGroundFill({
+            geometryInstances: cells.map(
+              (cell) =>
+                new Cesium.GeometryInstance({
+                  id: `gnss-integrity:${cell.id}`,
+                  geometry: new Cesium.RectangleGeometry({
+                    rectangle: Cesium.Rectangle.fromDegrees(
+                      cell.west,
+                      cell.south,
+                      cell.east,
+                      cell.north,
+                    ),
+                    vertexFormat:
+                      Cesium.PerInstanceColorAppearance.VERTEX_FORMAT,
+                  }),
+                  attributes: {
+                    color: Cesium.ColorGeometryInstanceAttribute.fromColor(
+                      Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString(
+                        GNSS_LEVEL_COLORS[cell.level],
+                      ).withAlpha(alpha[cell.level]),
+                    ),
+                  },
+                }),
+            ),
+            appearance: new Cesium.PerInstanceColorAppearance({
+              flat: true,
+              translucent: true,
+            }),
+            classificationType: Cesium.ClassificationType.BOTH,
+            allowPicking: false,
+            // Retain the compact rectangle descriptors for inspection, not Entity visualizers.
+            releaseGeometryInstances: false,
+          }),
+        );
+      }
+      viewer?.scene?.requestRender?.();
+    },
+    destroy() {
+      viewer.scene.groundPrimitives.remove(primitives);
+    },
+  };
+}

src/layers/gnss/render/navara.js

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import * as geo from '../../../geo/index.js';
+import { GNSS_LEVEL_COLORS } from '../records.js';
+import { rgbaFromCss } from '../../shared/color.js';
+import { createGroundCellDisplay } from '../../shared/render/navaraGroundCells.js';
+
+export function createGnssNavaraRenderer(engine, options) {
+  const cells = createGroundCellDisplay(engine, options, 0);
+  const { camera } = engine;
+  function anchor() {
+    const { width, height } = engine.host.size();
+    const centre =
+      width && height && camera.pickEllipsoid({ x: width / 2, y: height / 2 });
+    let position = centre && geo.cartographic.fromCartesian(centre);
+    if (!position) {
+      const rect = camera.viewRectangle();
+      if (rect) {
+        const east =
+          rect.east < rect.west ? rect.east + 2 * Math.PI : rect.east;
+        const longitude = (rect.west + east) / 2;
+        position = {
+          latitude: (rect.south + rect.north) / 2,
+          longitude: longitude > Math.PI ? longitude - 2 * Math.PI : longitude,
+        };
+      } else position = camera.pose().cartographic;
+    }
+    return {
+      latitude: geo.math.toDegrees(position.latitude),
+      longitude: geo.math.toDegrees(position.longitude),
+    };
+  }
+  return {
+    camera,
+    anchor,
+    setVisible: cells.setVisible,
+    destroy: cells.destroy,
+    replace(rows, alpha) {
+      cells.replace(
+        rows.map((row) => ({
+          ...row,
+          color: rgbaFromCss(GNSS_LEVEL_COLORS[row.level]).withAlpha(
+            alpha[row.level],
+          ),
+        })),
+      );
+    },
+  };
+}

src/layers/shared/render/navaraGroundCells.js

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+// Classify visible terrain and 3D tiles. Multiple cell layers share one non-pickable pass.
+import { Effect, EffectAttribute } from 'postprocessing';
+import { Matrix4, Uniform } from 'three';
+import { rectangleFrame } from './navaraCellGeometry.js';
+import {
+  viewFrame,
+  groundClipBounds,
+} from './navaraGroundGeometry.js';
+import {
+  createGroundGrid,
+  GRID_COLS,
+  GRID_ROWS,
+} from './navaraGroundGrid.js';
+import {
+  createGroundTexture,
+  createGroundStorage,
+  groundSurfaceUniforms,
+  updateGroundSurface,
+} from './navaraGroundSurface.js';
+const KEY = 'gevFirmsGround';
+const registeredViews = new WeakSet();
+const fragmentShader = /* glsl */ `
+uniform sampler2D tAllDepth;
+uniform sampler2D tSurfaceDepth;
+uniform sampler2D tCells;
+uniform sampler2D tGrid;
+uniform sampler2D tCandidates;
+uniform vec2 uCellSize;
+uniform vec2 uCandidateSize;
+uniform mat4 uInverseProjection;
+uniform mat4 uInverseView;
+uniform float uLogDepthFC;
+vec4 atSlot(sampler2D image,vec2 size,float slot) {
+  return texture2D(image,(vec2(mod(slot,size.x),floor(slot/size.x))+0.5)/size);
+}
+vec3 toDisplay(vec3 c) {
+  return mix(12.92*c,1.055*pow(max(c,vec3(0.0)),vec3(1.0/2.4))-0.055,step(vec3(0.0031308),c));
+}
+vec3 toLinear(vec3 c) {
+  return mix(c/12.92,pow(max((c+0.055)/1.055,vec3(0.0)),vec3(2.4)),step(vec3(0.04045),c));
+}
+vec3 pixelPlane(float distance,vec3 normal,vec3 dx,vec3 dy) {
+  return vec3(distance,dot(normal,dx),dot(normal,dy));
+}
+float rectangleCoverage(vec3 west,vec3 east,vec3 south,vec3 north) {
+  vec3 edges[4];
+  edges[0]=west;edges[1]=east;edges[2]=south;edges[3]=north;
+  float coverage=1.0;
+  int partial=0;
+  for(int i=0;i<4;i++) {
+    float width=abs(edges[i].y)+abs(edges[i].z);
+    coverage=min(coverage,clamp(edges[i].x/max(width,0.001)+0.5,0.0,1.0));
+    if(coverage<=0.0) return 0.0;
+    if(edges[i].x<=width*0.5) partial++;
+  }
+  if(partial<2) return coverage;
+  // Intersect the SAME pixel square with all sides. Minimum soft-edge
+  // coverage creates long miter halos at acute/polar rectangle corners.
+  vec2 polygon[8],clipped[8];
+  polygon[0]=vec2(-0.5,-0.5);polygon[1]=vec2(0.5,-0.5);
+  polygon[2]=vec2(0.5,0.5);polygon[3]=vec2(-0.5,0.5);
+  int count=4;
+  for(int side=0;side<4;side++) {
+    int nextCount=0;
+    vec2 previous=polygon[count-1];
+    float before=edges[side].x+dot(edges[side].yz,previous);
+    for(int i=0;i<8;i++) {
+      if(i>=count) break;
+      vec2 current=polygon[i];
+      float after=edges[side].x+dot(edges[side].yz,current);
+      if((before>0.0&&after<0.0)||(before<0.0&&after>0.0))
+        clipped[nextCount++]=mix(previous,current,before/(before-after));
+      if(after>=0.0) clipped[nextCount++]=current;
+      previous=current;before=after;
+    }
+    count=nextCount;
+    if(count<3) return 0.0;
+    for(int i=0;i<8;i++) { if(i>=count) break;polygon[i]=clipped[i]; }
+  }
+  float area=0.0;
+  vec2 previous=polygon[count-1];
+  for(int i=0;i<8;i++) {
+    if(i>=count) break;
+    area+=previous.x*polygon[i].y-previous.y*polygon[i].x;
+    previous=polygon[i];
+  }
+  return clamp(abs(area)*0.5,0.0,1.0);
+}
+void mainImage(const in vec4 inputColor,const in vec2 uv,out vec4 outputColor) {
+  outputColor=inputColor;
+  float depth=unpackRGBAToDepth(texture2D(tAllDepth,uv));
+  float distance=exp2(2.0*depth/uLogDepthFC)-1.0;
+  vec4 ray=uInverseProjection*vec4(uv*2.0-1.0,-1.0,1.0);
+  vec3 point=ray.xyz*(distance/-ray.z);
+  // Evaluate derivatives before divergent candidate branches, as in quakes.
+  vec3 world=(uInverseView*vec4(point,1.0)).xyz;
+  vec3 dx=(uInverseView*vec4(dFdx(point),0.0)).xyz;
+  vec3 dy=(uInverseView*vec4(dFdy(point),0.0)).xyz;
+  // A quad crossing the sky has no surface derivative. Keep exact halfspaces
+  // there; otherwise its far-plane lane spreads cell AA along the globe limb.
+  float onSurface=1.0-step(1.0,depth);
+  float derivativeMask=1.0-step(0.5,abs(dFdx(onSurface))+abs(dFdy(onSurface)));
+  dx*=derivativeMask;
+  dy*=derivativeMask;
+  if(depth>=1.0) return;
+  vec2 tile=clamp(floor(uv*vec2(${GRID_COLS}.0,${GRID_ROWS}.0)),vec2(0.0),vec2(${GRID_COLS - 1}.0,${GRID_ROWS - 1}.0));
+  vec2 range=texture2D(tGrid,(tile+0.5)/vec2(${GRID_COLS}.0,${GRID_ROWS}.0)).xy;
+  if(range.y<0.5) return;
+  float surface=texture2D(tSurfaceDepth,uv).r;
+  if(depth<surface-2e-7) return;
+  float rho=length(world.xy);
+  vec2 radial=world.xy/max(rho,0.001);
+  vec3 color=toDisplay(inputColor.rgb);
+  for(int k=0;k<int(range.y);k++) {
+    float id=atSlot(tCandidates,uCandidateSize,range.x+float(k)).x;
+    vec4 longitude=atSlot(tCells,uCellSize,id*4.0);
+    vec3 south=atSlot(tCells,uCellSize,id*4.0+1.0).xyz;
+    vec3 north=atSlot(tCells,uCellSize,id*4.0+2.0).xyz;
+    vec3 westNormal=vec3(-longitude.x,longitude.y,0.0);
+    vec3 eastNormal=vec3(longitude.z,-longitude.w,0.0);
+    float coverage=rectangleCoverage(
+      pixelPlane(dot(westNormal,world),westNormal,dx,dy),
+      pixelPlane(dot(eastNormal,world),eastNormal,dx,dy),
+      pixelPlane(world.z*south.y-rho*south.x+south.z,vec3(-south.x*radial,south.y),dx,dy),
+      pixelPlane(rho*north.x-world.z*north.y-north.z,vec3(north.x*radial,-north.y),dx,dy));
+    if(coverage<=0.0) continue;
+    vec4 fill=atSlot(tCells,uCellSize,id*4.0+3.0);
+    color=mix(color,fill.rgb,fill.a*coverage);
+  }
+  outputColor=vec4(toLinear(color),inputColor.a);
+}
+`;
+function buildState(cells) {
+  const frames = cells.map(rectangleFrame),
+    packed = createGroundStorage(cells.length * 4);
+  const grid = createGroundGrid(cells.length),
+    gridData = new Float32Array(GRID_COLS * GRID_ROWS * 4);
+  const gridTexture = createGroundTexture(gridData, GRID_COLS, GRID_ROWS);
+  let candidates = createGroundStorage(1);
+  const scratch = new Float64Array(12),
+    bounds = new Float64Array(4);
+  const lastView = new Float64Array(16).fill(NaN),
+    lastProjection = new Float64Array(16).fill(NaN);
+  let lastWidth = 0,
+    lastHeight = 0;
+  frames.forEach((frame, index) => {
+    const offset = index * 16,
+      color = cells[index].color;
+    packed.data.set(frame.bounds.longitude, offset);
+    packed.data.set(frame.bounds.south, offset + 4);
+    packed.data.set(frame.bounds.north, offset + 8);
+    packed.data.set(
+      [color.red, color.green, color.blue, color.alpha],
+      offset + 12,
+    );
+  });
+  return {
+    count: cells.length,
+    packed,
+    gridTexture,
+    get candidates() {
+      return candidates;
+    },
+    update(camera, context) {
+      const input = context.getInputBuffer(),
+        view = camera.matrixWorldInverse.elements,
+        projection = camera.projectionMatrix.elements;
+      let changed = input.width !== lastWidth || input.height !== lastHeight;
+      for (let i = 0; i < 16 && !changed; i++)
+        changed =
+          view[i] !== lastView[i] || projection[i] !== lastProjection[i];
+      if (!changed) return;
+      lastView.set(view);
+      lastProjection.set(projection);
+      lastWidth = input.width;
+      lastHeight = input.height;
+      frames.forEach((frame, index) => {
+        viewFrame(frame, camera.matrixWorldInverse, scratch);
+        groundClipBounds(frame, scratch, camera.projectionMatrix, bounds);
+        if (bounds[0] <= 1) {
+          bounds[0] -= 2 / Math.max(1, input.width);
+          bounds[2] += 2 / Math.max(1, input.width);
+          bounds[1] -= 2 / Math.max(1, input.height);
+          bounds[3] += 2 / Math.max(1, input.height);
+        }
+        grid.bounds.set(bounds, index * 4);
+      });
+      const total = grid.pack();
+      if (candidates.data.length / 4 < total) {
+        candidates.texture.dispose();
+        candidates = createGroundStorage(
+          Math.max(total, candidates.data.length / 2),
+        );
+      }
+      for (let i = 0; i < total; i++) candidates.data[i * 4] = grid.indices[i];
+      for (let i = 0; i < grid.counts.length; i++) {
+        gridData[i * 4] = grid.offsets[i];
+        gridData[i * 4 + 1] = grid.counts[i];
+      }
+      gridTexture.needsUpdate = true;
+      candidates.texture.needsUpdate = true;
+    },
+    dispose() {
+      packed.texture.dispose();
+      gridTexture.dispose();
+      candidates.texture.dispose();
+    },
+  };
+}
+function groundEffectClass(EffectDesc, NavaraEffect) {
+  return class FirmsGroundEffectDesc extends EffectDesc {
+    static key = KEY;
+    static insertAfter = [
+      'gevEarthquakeGround',
+      'gevRecentImagery',
+      'toneMapping',
+    ];
+    static insertBefore = [
+      'gevPreSharpenOverlay',
+      'gevSharpen',
+      'smaa',
+      'fxaa',
+      'gevOverlay',
+      'final',
+    ];
+    constructor(view, context, config) {
+      super(view, context, config);
+      this.owner = config[KEY].owner;
+    }
+    createPass() {
+      this.effect = new Effect('GevFirmsGround', fragmentShader, {
+        attributes: EffectAttribute.CONVOLUTION,
+        uniforms: new Map([
+          ...groundSurfaceUniforms(),
+          ['tCells', new Uniform(null)],
+          ['tGrid', new Uniform(null)],
+          ['tCandidates', new Uniform(null)],
+          ['uCellSize', new Uniform([1, 1])],
+          ['uCandidateSize', new Uniform([1, 1])],
+          ['uInverseView', new Uniform(new Matrix4())],
+        ]),
+      });
+      return new NavaraEffect(this.view.camera.raw, this.effect);
+    }
+    update() {
+      const state = this.owner.state,
+        camera = this.view.camera.raw;
+      if (!this.effect || !state || !camera) return;
+      updateGroundSurface(this.effect, camera, this.ctx, this.find('mrt'));
+      state.update(camera, this.ctx);
+      const u = this.effect.uniforms;
+      u.get('tCells').value = state.packed.texture;
+      u.get('uCellSize').value[0] = state.packed.width;
+      u.get('uCellSize').value[1] = state.packed.height;
+      u.get('tGrid').value = state.gridTexture;
+      u.get('tCandidates').value = state.candidates.texture;
+      u.get('uCandidateSize').value[0] = state.candidates.width;
+      u.get('uCandidateSize').value[1] = state.candidates.height;
+      u.get('uInverseView').value.copy(camera.matrixWorld);
+    }
+    onDestroy() {
+      this.effect?.dispose();
+      super.onDestroy();
+    }
+  };
+}
+// The SDK allows one active effect per key. Compose enabled datasets in
+// catalog order so both can be drawn without replacing one another.
+const views = new WeakMap();
+export function createGroundCellDisplay(engine, { view, EffectDesc, NavaraEffect }, order) {
+  if (!registeredViews.has(view)) {
+    view.registerEffect(KEY, groundEffectClass(EffectDesc, NavaraEffect));
+    registeredViews.add(view);
+  }
+  let pass = views.get(view);
+  if (!pass) {
+    pass = { inputs: new Set(), owner: { state: buildState([]) }, handle: null };
+    views.set(view, pass);
+  }
+  const input = { cells: [], visible: false, order };
+  pass.inputs.add(input);
+  function sync() {
+    const cells = [...pass.inputs].filter(item => item.visible)
+      .sort((a,b) => a.order - b.order).flatMap(item => item.cells);
+    const previous = pass.owner.state;
+    pass.owner.state = buildState(cells);
+    try {
+      if (!pass.handle && cells.length) {
+        pass.handle = view.addEffect({ [KEY]: { owner: pass.owner }, visible: true });
+      } else {
+        pass.handle?.update({ visible: cells.length > 0 });
+      }
+    } finally {
+      previous.dispose();
+    }
+    engine.render.request('ground-cells');
+  }
+  return {
+    replace(cells) {
+      input.cells = cells;
+      if (input.visible) sync();
+    },
+    setVisible(show) {
+      if (input.visible === show) return;
+      input.visible = show;
+      sync();
+    },
+    destroy() {
+      if (!pass.inputs.delete(input)) return;
+      if (pass.inputs.size) {
+        if (input.visible) sync();
+      } else {
+        pass.handle?.delete();
+        pass.owner.state.dispose();
+        views.delete(view);
+        engine.render.request('ground-cells-destroy');
+      }
+    },
+  };
+}

src/layers/shared/render/navaraGroundOrder.test.mjs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import fs from 'node:fs/promises';
 const declarations = [
   ['gevRecentImagery', '../../recentImagery/render/navaraGround.js'],
   ['gevEarthquakeGround', '../../earthquakes/render/navara.js'],
-  ['gevFirmsGround', '../../firms/render/navara.js'],
+  ['gevFirmsGround', './navaraGroundCells.js'],
   ['gevPreSharpenOverlay', '../../../globe/navara/overlay.js'],
 ];
 const specs = await Promise.all(

src/services/groundFloor.js

@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ export function createGroundFloor({ terrain, signal }) {
     return h != null ? h : null;
   }
 
-  /** Test hook: clears mesh cells (never called at runtime — cells are valid all session). */
+  /** Discard measurements from the outgoing scene while keeping the DEM cache. */
   function clearMeshFloorCells() {
     _meshCells.clear();
   }