diff --git a/scripts/qa-action-buttons.mjs b/scripts/qa-action-buttons.mjs
index ef11e8ff2..dd22946e2 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-action-buttons.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-action-buttons.mjs
@@ -6,12 +6,13 @@
  * native dispatch/disabled/teardown without providers or world calibration writes.
  * Real Scene authoring/playback remains covered by qa-scene-controls.mjs.
  */
+import { whenSettled } from './qa/ready.mjs';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 
-const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
+const browser = await launchBrowser({
   headless: true,
-  args: ['--use-gl=angle', '--use-angle=swiftshader'],
+  args: [],
 });
 const page = await browser.newPage();
 const errors = [];
@@ -34,11 +35,10 @@ try {
     { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' },
   );
   await page.waitForFunction(
-    () =>
-      window.__godsEyeView?.styleManager?._cctvControls &&
-      document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'),
+    () => window.__godsEyeView?.styleManager?._cctvControls,
     { timeout: 60000 },
   );
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const inventory = await page.evaluate(() => {
     const ids = [
       'scene-new-btn',
@@ -304,11 +304,10 @@ try {
   localized.searchParams.set('lang', 'ru');
   await page.goto(localized.href, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' });
   await page.waitForFunction(
-    () =>
-      window.__godsEyeView?.styleManager?._cctvControls &&
-      document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'),
+    () => window.__godsEyeView?.styleManager?._cctvControls,
     { timeout: 60000 },
   );
+  await whenSettled(page);
   for (const panel of ['scene-panel', 'cctv-panel']) {
     await page.evaluate((panel) => {
       window.__godsEyeView.styleManager.setPanelCollapsed(panel, false, {
@@ -329,7 +328,7 @@ try {
   }
   check('no uncaught browser errors', errors.length === 0, errors);
 } finally {
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
 }
 console.log(`RESULT: ${failures} failures`);
 process.exitCode = failures ? 1 : 0;
diff --git a/scripts/qa-admin-outlines.mjs b/scripts/qa-admin-outlines.mjs
index 114daacad..5f030764b 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-admin-outlines.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-admin-outlines.mjs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
+// Cesium-only probes: DataSource and ground-primitive readiness validate the native outline adapter.
 /**
  * qa-admin-outlines.mjs — bundled state/province/county outlines, driven like a
  * user would drive them.
@@ -23,11 +24,12 @@
  * timings, frame-time p50/p95 and still-camera frame-difference statistics.
  * Exits nonzero on any failed assertion.
  */
+import { whenSettled, whenTilesLoaded } from './qa/ready.mjs';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import { execFileSync } from 'node:child_process';
 import fs from 'node:fs/promises';
 import path from 'node:path';
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 import sharp from 'sharp';
 
 const args = process.argv.slice(2);
@@ -63,12 +65,11 @@ const result = {
   video: null,
 };
 
-const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
-  headless: !args.includes('--headful'),
+const browser = await launchBrowser({
+  headless: true,
   protocolTimeout: 300_000,
   args: [
     '--no-sandbox',
-    '--use-gl=angle',
     '--disable-dev-shm-usage',
     '--disable-background-timer-throttling',
     '--disable-renderer-backgrounding',
@@ -145,14 +146,10 @@ try {
     timeout: 60_000,
   });
   await page.waitForFunction(
-    () => window.__godsEyeView?.viewer && window.__godsEyeView?.annotations,
+    () => window.__godsEyeView?.engine && window.__godsEyeView?.annotations,
     { timeout: 90_000, polling: 500 },
   );
-  await page.waitForFunction(
-    () =>
-      document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'),
-    { timeout: 90_000, polling: 250 },
-  );
+  await whenSettled(page);
   await page.evaluate(
     () => window.__godsEyeView.styleManager.initialRestorePromise,
   );
@@ -162,7 +159,7 @@ try {
     { timeout: 10_000 },
   );
   result.renderer = await page.evaluate(() => {
-    const gl = window.__godsEyeView.viewer.scene.context._gl;
+    const gl = window.__godsEyeView.engine.host.canvas.getContext('webgl2');
     const debug = gl.getExtension('WEBGL_debug_renderer_info');
     return debug
       ? gl.getParameter(debug.UNMASKED_RENDERER_WEBGL)
@@ -177,7 +174,7 @@ try {
     window.__qaOutlines = {
       fly(view, duration) {
         return new Promise((resolve) => {
-          viewer.camera.cancelFlight();
+          window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.cancelFlight();
           viewer.camera.flyTo({
             destination: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
               view.lon,
@@ -264,20 +261,7 @@ try {
   });
 
   const settle = () =>
-    page
-      .waitForFunction(
-        () => {
-          const { scene } = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
-          for (let i = 0; i < scene.primitives.length; i++) {
-            const p = scene.primitives.get(i);
-            if (p?.show && typeof p.tilesLoaded === 'boolean' && !p.tilesLoaded)
-              return false;
-          }
-          return true;
-        },
-        { timeout: 60_000, polling: 500 },
-      )
-      .catch(() => {});
+    whenTilesLoaded(page, { timeoutMs: 60_000 }).catch(() => {});
 
   async function shot(name) {
     await page.evaluate(
@@ -317,11 +301,14 @@ try {
         // built the mark's primitives (each tick updates them before render).
         const { viewer } = window.__godsEyeView;
         await new Promise((resolve) => {
-          const off = viewer.scene.postRender.addEventListener(() => {
-            if (!viewer.dataSourceDisplay.ready) return;
-            off();
-            resolve();
-          });
+          const off =
+            window.__godsEyeView.engine.frames.postRender.addEventListener(
+              () => {
+                if (!viewer.dataSourceDisplay.ready) return;
+                off();
+                resolve();
+              },
+            );
         });
         const drawnMs = performance.now() - started;
         const mark = window.__godsEyeView.annotations
@@ -343,7 +330,7 @@ try {
       target,
       flyTo,
     );
-    if (flyTo) await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 2200));
+    if (flyTo) await whenSettled(page);
     await settle();
     // Hold still: the drawn mark must not rebuild or grow.
     marker = `still:${name}`;
@@ -551,7 +538,7 @@ try {
       .screenshot({ path: path.join(shots, 'admin-outlines-failure.png') })
       .catch(() => {});
 } finally {
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
 }
 
 if (recordVideo && frames.length > 1) {
diff --git a/scripts/qa-air-quality.mjs b/scripts/qa-air-quality.mjs
index 68e6bd505..817d91eb4 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-air-quality.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-air-quality.mjs
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+import { evaluateWithGeo } from './qa/geometry.mjs';
+import { whenSettled } from './qa/ready.mjs';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 /**
  * qa-air-quality.mjs — headless proof for the Air quality layer.
  *
@@ -12,7 +15,6 @@
  * Run:  node scripts/qa-air-quality.mjs --url http://localhost:4173
  */
 
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 
 const argv = process.argv.slice(2);
 const getOpt = (name, dflt) => {
@@ -27,19 +29,13 @@ function record(name, ok, detail) {
   const tag = ok ? '\x1b[32mPASS\x1b[0m' : '\x1b[31mFAIL\x1b[0m';
   console.log(`  [${tag}] ${name}${detail ? `  — ${detail}` : ''}`);
 }
-const sleep = (ms) => new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, ms));
 
 async function main() {
   let exitCode = 0;
   const consoleErrors = [];
-  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
-    headless: 'new',
-    args: [
-      '--use-gl=swiftshader',
-      '--enable-unsafe-swiftshader',
-      '--no-sandbox',
-      '--disable-dev-shm-usage',
-    ],
+  const browser = await launchBrowser({
+    headless: true,
+    args: ['--enable-unsafe-swiftshader', '--no-sandbox', '--disable-dev-shm-usage'],
     defaultViewport: { width: 1400, height: 900 },
   });
 
@@ -52,10 +48,10 @@ async function main() {
 
     await page.goto(APP_URL, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded', timeout: 90000 });
     await page.waitForFunction(
-      () => window.__godsEyeView?.viewer && window.__godsEyeView?.dataManager,
+      () => window.__godsEyeView?.engine && window.__godsEyeView?.dataManager,
       { timeout: 90000 },
     );
-    await sleep(1500);
+    await whenSettled(page);
 
     const stats = await page.evaluate(async () => {
       const dm = window.__godsEyeView.dataManager;
@@ -106,26 +102,24 @@ async function main() {
     // The card's whole point is "highest readings in view", so put the camera
     // over Canada before asserting on it — the default view is over Austin,
     // where an empty in-view list is correct and proves nothing.
-    await page.evaluate(() => {
-      const gev = window.__godsEyeView;
-      const ellipsoid = gev.viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid;
+    await evaluateWithGeo(page, async (qaGeo) => {
       const d2r = Math.PI / 180;
       try {
-        gev.viewer.camera.cancelFlight();
+        window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.cancelFlight();
       } catch {
         /* no flight in progress */
       }
-      gev.viewer.camera.setView({
-        destination: ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian({
+      window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.setView({
+        destination: qaGeo.cartographic.toCartesian({
           longitude: -100 * d2r,
           latitude: 55 * d2r,
           height: 4_000_000,
         }),
         orientation: { heading: 0, pitch: -Math.PI / 2, roll: 0 },
       });
-      gev.viewer.scene.requestRender?.();
+      window.__godsEyeView.engine.render.request?.();
     });
-    await sleep(2500);
+    await whenSettled(page);
 
     const controls = await page.evaluate(
       () =>
@@ -154,7 +148,7 @@ async function main() {
     console.error('\x1b[31mHarness error:\x1b[0m', e);
     exitCode = 3;
   } finally {
-    await browser.close();
+    await closeBrowser(browser);
   }
 
   const pass = results.filter((r) => r.ok === true).length;
diff --git a/scripts/qa-aircraft-heading.mjs b/scripts/qa-aircraft-heading.mjs
index 3bab0e4b1..26d77eecd 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-aircraft-heading.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-aircraft-heading.mjs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
+// Cesium-only probes: tracked entities and native model axes validate Cesium aircraft heading.
 /**
  * qa-aircraft-heading.mjs — aircraft display-heading checks
  * (path-derived, rate-limited display course; Batch 3 overnight run).
@@ -97,9 +98,10 @@
  * Exits non-zero if any assertion fails. Never commits anything.
  */
 
+import { whenSettled, whenFramesDrawn } from './qa/ready.mjs';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 import { installNavaraHeadingProbe } from './qa-heading-navara.mjs';
 import { stubPlanespotters } from './qa-photo-stub.mjs';
 
@@ -124,26 +126,7 @@ const HEADFUL = getFlag('--headful');
 const SHOT_DIR = path.resolve('qa-shots/aircraft-heading');
 const SHOT_DIR_V2 = path.resolve('qa-shots/heading-v2');
 
-const CHROME_EXECUTABLE_CANDIDATES = [
-  process.env.PUPPETEER_EXECUTABLE_PATH,
-  // Prefer puppeteer's version-pinned Chrome-for-Testing over the system
-  // Chrome: /Applications auto-updates underneath the harnesses, and its
-  // software-GL behavior shifts across majors (system Chrome 150 blew the
-  // tile-gated drain budget under SwiftShader on 2026-07-30 — six
-  // false-negative qa-cctv-v2 runs against a healthy build). A deterministic
-  // pinned browser beats the newest one for regression harnesses.
-  await puppeteer.executablePath().catch(() => null),
-  '/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome',
-  '/Applications/Google Chrome Canary.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome Canary',
-  '/Applications/Chromium.app/Contents/MacOS/Chromium',
-].filter(Boolean);
 
-function findChromeExecutable() {
-  for (const candidate of CHROME_EXECUTABLE_CANDIDATES) {
-    try { if (fs.existsSync(candidate)) return candidate; } catch { /* skip */ }
-  }
-  return null;
-}
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // PASS/FAIL reporting
@@ -157,7 +140,7 @@ function record(name, ok, detail) {
 
 async function observeTrackedHostPaint(page, timeoutMs = 5000) {
   return page.evaluate((boundedTimeoutMs) => new Promise((resolve) => {
-    const viewer = (window.__headingView ?? window.__godsEyeView?.viewer);
+    const viewer = (window.__headingView ?? window.__godsEyeView?.engine);
     const scene = viewer?.scene;
     const history = [];
     const startedAt = performance.now();
@@ -455,20 +438,9 @@ async function main() {
   fs.mkdirSync(SHOT_DIR, { recursive: true });
   fs.mkdirSync(SHOT_DIR_V2, { recursive: true });
 
-  const chromeExecutable = findChromeExecutable();
-  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
-    headless: HEADFUL ? false : 'new',
-    ...(chromeExecutable ? { executablePath: chromeExecutable } : {}),
-    args: [
-      '--no-sandbox',
-      '--disable-setuid-sandbox',
-      ...(HEADFUL ? [] : ['--use-gl=angle', `--use-angle=${process.env.QA_ANGLE || 'swiftshader'}`]),
-      '--disable-dev-shm-usage',
-      '--disable-web-security',
-      '--disable-background-timer-throttling',
-      '--disable-renderer-backgrounding',
-      '--window-size=1280,800',
-    ],
+  const browser = await launchBrowser({
+    headless: true,
+    args: ['--no-sandbox', '--disable-setuid-sandbox', ...(HEADFUL ? [] : []), '--disable-dev-shm-usage', '--disable-web-security', '--disable-background-timer-throttling', '--disable-renderer-backgrounding', '--window-size=1280,800'],
   });
 
   const consoleErrors = [];
@@ -588,8 +560,9 @@ async function main() {
       () => window.__godsEyeView?.layers && window.__godsEyeView.dataManager,
       { timeout: 60000, polling: 200 }
     );
+    await whenSettled(page);
     await page.evaluate(() => window.__godsEyeView.styleManager.initialRestorePromise);
-    await page.waitForFunction(() => document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'), { timeout: 180000 });
+    await whenSettled(page);
     await page.evaluate(() => window.__godsEyeView.styleManager.orbitController.stop());
     console.log('  App globals ready.');
 
@@ -730,7 +703,7 @@ async function main() {
     }, { timeout: 40000, polling: 250 }, TURN.flights[0].icao).then(() => true).catch(() => false);
     record('flights: tracked 3D model rendered (ready+shown)', flModelUp, flModelUp ? 'model up' : 'model never became ready');
     if (!flModelUp) { finish(); return; }
-    await sleep(1500); // let the follow camera + reconciliation settle
+    await whenFramesDrawn(page); // let the follow camera + reconciliation settle
 
     const readoutObservation = await observeTrackedHostPaint(page);
     const readoutHost = await page.evaluate(() => ({
@@ -780,7 +753,7 @@ async function main() {
     await page.evaluate(() => {
       window.__godsEyeView.styleManager._setDetectionMode('DENSE');
     });
-    await sleep(800);
+    await whenFramesDrawn(page);
     const shots = [
       ['flights-far-orbitA.png', async () => { /* default follow framing */ }],
       ['flights-far-orbitB.png', () => page.evaluate(() => { (window.__headingView ?? window.__godsEyeView.viewer).camera.rotateRight(1.9); })],
@@ -794,7 +767,7 @@ async function main() {
     ];
     for (const [name, move] of shots) {
       try { await move(); } catch (e) { console.log(`    (camera move for ${name} failed: ${e.message})`); }
-      await sleep(1200); // let a few frames render at the new pose
+      await whenFramesDrawn(page); // let a few frames render at the new pose
       await page.screenshot({ path: path.join(SHOT_DIR, name) });
       console.log(`    saved ${name}`);
     }
@@ -819,7 +792,7 @@ async function main() {
     }, { timeout: 40000, polling: 250 }, TURN.military[0].hex).then(() => true).catch(() => false);
     record('military: tracked 3D model rendered (ready+shown)', milModelUp, milModelUp ? 'model up' : 'model never became ready');
     if (milModelUp) {
-      await sleep(1500);
+      await whenFramesDrawn(page);
       const milSamples = await page.evaluate(
         (icao) => window.__sampleModelCourse(icao, 180, 40000),
         TURN.military[0].hex,
@@ -841,7 +814,7 @@ async function main() {
       await page.evaluate(() => {
         window.__godsEyeView.styleManager._setDetectionMode('DENSE');
       });
-      await sleep(800);
+      await whenFramesDrawn(page);
       for (const [name, move] of [
         ['military-orbitA.png', async () => { }],
         ['military-orbitB.png', () => page.evaluate(() => { (window.__headingView ?? window.__godsEyeView.viewer).camera.rotateRight(1.6); })],
@@ -855,7 +828,7 @@ async function main() {
         })],
       ]) {
         try { await move(); } catch (e) { console.log(`    (camera move for ${name} failed: ${e.message})`); }
-        await sleep(1200);
+        await whenFramesDrawn(page);
         await page.screenshot({ path: path.join(SHOT_DIR, name) });
         console.log(`    saved ${name}`);
       }
@@ -892,7 +865,7 @@ async function main() {
     // ---- Phase 3 — hovering helicopter --------------------------------------
     console.log('\nPhase 3 — hovering helicopter (klass=helicopter, drift ~4 m, track flips ±45°)');
     if (await trackFlightsAndWaitModel(TURN.hover.icao, 'hover-heli')) {
-      await sleep(1500);
+      await whenFramesDrawn(page);
       const heliSamples = await sampleCourse(180, 35000, TURN.hover.icao);
       analyzeHover('hover-heli', heliSamples, {});
       for (const [name, waitMs] of [['hover-heli-T0.png', 0], ['hover-heli-T8s.png', 8000]]) {
@@ -905,7 +878,7 @@ async function main() {
     // ---- Phase 4 — 25 kt plane in a continuous 4°/s right turn --------------
     console.log('\nPhase 4 — slow plane in a tight turn (25 kt, 4°/s, R=184 m)');
     if (await trackFlightsAndWaitModel(TURN.slow.icao, 'slow-turn')) {
-      await sleep(1500);
+      await whenFramesDrawn(page);
       const slowSamples = await sampleCourse(180, 40000, TURN.slow.icao);
       analyzeSlowTurn('slow-turn', slowSamples, { scoreProgress: false });
       // Exercise the production dt clamp with render gaps above
@@ -923,7 +896,7 @@ async function main() {
         ['slowturn-near.png', () => page.evaluate(() => { (window.__headingView ?? window.__godsEyeView.viewer).camera.zoomIn(2500); })],
       ]) {
         try { await move(); } catch (e) { console.log(`    (camera move for ${name} failed: ${e.message})`); }
-        await sleep(1200);
+        await whenFramesDrawn(page);
         await page.screenshot({ path: path.join(SHOT_DIR_V2, name) });
         console.log(`    saved ${name}`);
       }
@@ -1097,7 +1070,7 @@ async function main() {
 
     finish();
   } finally {
-    await browser.close();
+    await closeBrowser(browser);
   }
 
   function finish() {
diff --git a/scripts/qa-alpr-journey.mjs b/scripts/qa-alpr-journey.mjs
index bc1c58855..b005e7254 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-alpr-journey.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-alpr-journey.mjs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
+// Cesium-only probes: requestRender instrumentation measures Cesium request-mode cost.
 /**
  * qa-alpr-journey.mjs — ALPR cameras on a realistic Austin camera journey.
  *
@@ -36,9 +37,10 @@
  * Writes <out>/result.json, <out>/clip.mp4 (CDP screencast with real frame
  * timing) and per-stop screenshots. Needs ffmpeg on PATH.
  */
+import { whenSettled, whenTilesLoaded } from './qa/ready.mjs';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 import { blockPaidQaMaps } from './qa-map-policy.mjs';
 import sharp from 'sharp';
 import { installAlprFixture } from './fixtures/layers/alpr.mjs';
@@ -163,14 +165,12 @@ const STOPS = [
   },
 ];
 
-const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
-  headless: !argv.includes('--headful'),
+const browser = await launchBrowser({
+  headless: true,
   protocolTimeout: 300_000,
   args: [
     '--no-sandbox',
-    ...(process.platform === 'darwin'
-      ? ['--use-angle=metal', '--enable-gpu']
-      : ['--use-gl=angle', '--use-angle=swiftshader']),
+    ...(process.platform === 'darwin' ? ['--enable-gpu'] : []),
     '--disable-background-timer-throttling',
     '--disable-renderer-backgrounding',
     '--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows',
@@ -233,12 +233,10 @@ try {
   const url = new URL(appUrl);
   url.searchParams.set('welcome', '0');
   await page.goto(url.href, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded', timeout: 90_000 });
-  await page.waitForFunction(
-    () =>
-      window.__godsEyeView?.dataManager &&
-      document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'),
-    { timeout: 120_000 },
-  );
+  await page.waitForFunction(() => window.__godsEyeView?.dataManager, {
+    timeout: 120_000,
+  });
+  await whenSettled(page);
   await page.evaluate(
     () => window.__godsEyeView.styleManager.initialRestorePromise,
   );
@@ -286,22 +284,7 @@ try {
   await recorder.start();
 
   async function waitTiles(maxMs = 20_000) {
-    await page
-      .waitForFunction(
-        () => {
-          if (window.__godsEyeView.engine.kind === 'navara')
-            return window.__godsEyeView.engine.surface.tilesLoaded();
-          const { scene } = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
-          if (scene.globe.show) return scene.globe.tilesLoaded;
-          for (let i = 0; i < scene.primitives.length; i++) {
-            const p = scene.primitives.get(i);
-            if (p.show && p.tilesLoaded === false) return false;
-          }
-          return true;
-        },
-        { timeout: maxMs, polling: 250 },
-      )
-      .catch(() => {});
+    await whenTilesLoaded(page, { timeoutMs: maxMs }).catch(() => {});
   }
 
   for (const [passIndex, mode] of passes.entries()) {
@@ -653,7 +636,7 @@ try {
     path.join(outDir, 'result.json'),
     JSON.stringify(result, null, 1),
   );
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
 }
 console.log(
   `${result.failures.length ? 'FAIL' : 'PASS'} — ${path.join(outDir, 'result.json')}`,
diff --git a/scripts/qa-anime-sky.mjs b/scripts/qa-anime-sky.mjs
index a0a0c9935..922cd1371 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-anime-sky.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-anime-sky.mjs
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
+// Cesium-only probes: sky commands, the Julian clock and post-process stages validate the Cesium sky.
+import { whenSettled } from './qa/ready.mjs';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 /**
  * qa-anime-sky — the anime style must leave the sky without bands.
  *
@@ -13,14 +16,13 @@
  * Usage: node scripts/qa-anime-sky.mjs [--url http://localhost:4333/]
  * Exit: 0 pass, 1 fail, 2 the anime style was not reached.
  */
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 
 const i = process.argv.indexOf('--url');
 const URL_ =
   i > 0 && process.argv[i + 1] ? process.argv[i + 1] : 'http://localhost:4333/';
 
-const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
-  headless: 'new',
+const browser = await launchBrowser({
+  headless: true,
   args: ['--no-sandbox', '--ignore-gpu-blocklist'],
 });
 try {
@@ -41,17 +43,15 @@ try {
   await page.waitForFunction(() => window.__godsEyeView?.viewer?.scene, {
     timeout: 120000,
   });
+  await whenSettled(page);
   await page.waitForFunction(
     () => {
       const sky = window.__godsEyeView.viewer.scene.skyBox;
-      return (
-        sky?._milkyWayCubeMap &&
-        sky?._starCommand &&
-        document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden')
-      );
+      return sky?._milkyWayCubeMap && sky?._starCommand;
     },
     { timeout: 60000 },
   );
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const r = await page.evaluate(async () => {
     const entry = performance
       .getEntriesByType('resource')
@@ -94,22 +94,22 @@ try {
       C.Cartesian3.cross(look, north, new C.Cartesian3()),
       new C.Cartesian3(),
     );
-    s.camera.cancelFlight();
+    window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.cancelFlight();
     s.tweens.removeAll();
-    s.camera.setView({
+    window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.setView({
       destination: C.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(look, 3e7, new C.Cartesian3()),
       orientation: {
         direction: look,
         up: C.Cartesian3.cross(right, look, new C.Cartesian3()),
       },
     });
-    const gl = s.context._gl,
+    const gl = window.__godsEyeView.engine.host.canvas.getContext('webgl2'),
       w = gl.drawingBufferWidth,
       h = gl.drawingBufferHeight,
       px = new Uint8Array(w * h * 4);
     const measure = async () => {
       await new Promise((res) => setTimeout(res, 2500));
-      s.requestRender();
+      window.__godsEyeView.engine.render.request();
       s.render();
       gl.readPixels(0, 0, w, h, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, px);
       let banded = 0;
@@ -156,5 +156,5 @@ try {
   console.error(`UNREACHED: ${error.message}`);
   process.exitCode = 2;
 } finally {
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
 }
diff --git a/scripts/qa-application.mjs b/scripts/qa-application.mjs
index 41b77c8dc..23ae2ea77 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-application.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-application.mjs
@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
+import { whenSettled } from './qa/ready.mjs';
 /** Prove standalone startup and terminal resource ownership in a real browser. */
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 
 const args = process.argv.slice(2);
 const urlIndex = args.indexOf('--url');
 const url = urlIndex >= 0 ? args[urlIndex + 1] : 'http://localhost:4173';
-const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
+const browser = await launchBrowser({
   headless: true,
-  executablePath:
-    process.env.PUPPETEER_EXECUTABLE_PATH || (await puppeteer.executablePath()),
-  args: ['--no-sandbox', '--use-gl=angle', '--use-angle=swiftshader'],
+  args: ['--no-sandbox'],
 });
 try {
   const page = await browser.newPage();
@@ -28,6 +27,7 @@ try {
   await page.waitForFunction(() => window.__godsEyeView?.voiceCommands, {
     timeout: 60_000,
   });
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const before = await page.evaluate(async () => {
     const entry = [...document.scripts].find((script) =>
       /\/src\/main\.js(?:\?|$)/.test(script.src),
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ try {
       enabled,
       layers: app.dataManager.layers.size,
       annotationCount: annotation.drawn,
-      viewerAlive: !app.viewer.isDestroyed(),
+      viewerAlive: !window.__godsEyeView.engine.isDestroyed(),
       credits: Boolean(document.querySelector('#cesium-credits')),
     };
   });
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ try {
     return {
       status: application.getState().status,
       samePromise,
-      viewerDestroyed: app.viewer.isDestroyed(),
+      viewerDestroyed: app.engine.isDestroyed(),
       layers: app.dataManager.layers.size,
       annotations: app.annotations.count(),
       governor: app.getRenderGovernorDiagnostics(),
@@ -112,5 +112,5 @@ try {
     'PASS: terminal teardown releases runtime owners without late browser errors',
   );
 } finally {
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
 }
diff --git a/scripts/qa-attribution-b12.mjs b/scripts/qa-attribution-b12.mjs
index 8875f1e19..97ae042cc 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-attribution-b12.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-attribution-b12.mjs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+// Cesium-only probes: the native credit registry and lightbox are the attribution oracle.
+import { whenSettled, whenUiSettled } from './qa/ready.mjs';
 /**
  * qa-attribution-b12.mjs — visual + state proof for Batch 12 (data attribution).
  *
@@ -16,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * Run:  node scripts/qa-attribution-b12.mjs --url http://localhost:4300
  */
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import { existsSync, mkdirSync } from 'node:fs';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
 import { dirname, resolve } from 'node:path';
@@ -32,19 +34,7 @@ const APP_ORIGIN = new URL(APP_URL).origin;
 const SHOT_DIR = resolve(__dirname, '..', 'qa-shots', 'b12');
 mkdirSync(SHOT_DIR, { recursive: true });
 
-const CHROME_EXECUTABLE_CANDIDATES = [
-  process.env.PUPPETEER_EXECUTABLE_PATH,
-  await puppeteer.executablePath().catch(() => null),
-  '/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome',
-  '/Applications/Google Chrome Canary.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome Canary',
-  '/Applications/Chromium.app/Contents/MacOS/Chromium',
-].filter(Boolean);
 
-function findChromeExecutable() {
-  return CHROME_EXECUTABLE_CANDIDATES.find((candidate) => {
-    try { return existsSync(candidate); } catch { return false; }
-  }) || null;
-}
 
 let passed = 0;
 let failed = 0;
@@ -70,10 +60,8 @@ const REQUIRED_CREDIT_SUBSTRINGS = [
 ];
 
 async function main() {
-  const chromeExecutable = findChromeExecutable();
-  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
-    headless: 'new',
-    ...(chromeExecutable ? { executablePath: chromeExecutable } : {}),
+  const browser = await launchBrowser({
+    headless: true,
     args: ['--no-sandbox', '--disable-setuid-sandbox'],
   });
   const page = await browser.newPage();
@@ -122,8 +110,9 @@ async function main() {
     () => window.__godsEyeView && window.__godsEyeView.viewer && window.__godsEyeView.viewer.creditDisplay,
     { timeout: 60000 },
   );
+  await whenSettled(page);
   // Give Cesium a few frames to render the on-screen credit line (logo + link).
-  await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 2500));
+  await whenUiSettled(page);
 
   // ── (i) H11: static credits registered ────────────────────────────
   console.log('H11 — per-layer credits registered in viewer.creditDisplay');
@@ -147,11 +136,11 @@ async function main() {
   // Force a render frame so the credit display flushes, then open the lightbox.
   const lightboxState = await page.evaluate(async () => {
     const viewer = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
-    viewer.scene.requestRender();
+    window.__godsEyeView.engine.render.request();
     await new Promise((r) => requestAnimationFrame(() => requestAnimationFrame(r)));
     const cd = viewer.creditDisplay;
     cd.showLightbox();
-    viewer.scene.requestRender();
+    window.__godsEyeView.engine.render.request();
     await new Promise((r) => requestAnimationFrame(() => requestAnimationFrame(r)));
     const box = document.querySelector('.cesium-credit-lightbox');
     const list = box?.querySelector(':scope > ul');
@@ -263,7 +252,7 @@ async function main() {
   await page.evaluate(async () => {
     const viewer = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
     viewer.resize();
-    viewer.scene.requestRender();
+    window.__godsEyeView.engine.render.request();
     await new Promise((resolve) => requestAnimationFrame(() => requestAnimationFrame(resolve)));
   });
   const mobileLightbox = await page.evaluate(() => {
@@ -311,7 +300,7 @@ async function main() {
   check('found datacenter + cable layer ids', !!dcId && !!cableId, `dc=${dcId} cable=${cableId}`);
   if (dcId) await page.evaluate((id) => window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.setEnabled(id, true), dcId);
   if (cableId) await page.evaluate((id) => window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.setEnabled(id, true), cableId);
-  await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 800));
+  await whenUiSettled(page);
   const afterEnableHtml = await page.evaluate(() =>
     (window.__godsEyeView.viewer.creditDisplay._staticCredits || []).map((c) => c.html),
   );
@@ -348,7 +337,7 @@ async function main() {
   // ── (iii) clean-view: credit line STILL visible ───────────────────
   console.log('\nH10 — clean-view keeps the credit line visible');
   await page.evaluate(() => document.body.classList.add('ui-clean-view'));
-  await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 400));
+  await whenUiSettled(page);
   const cleanVis = await creditVisibility();
   await page.screenshot({ path: resolve(SHOT_DIR, 'clean-view.png') });
   check(
@@ -366,7 +355,7 @@ async function main() {
   // ── (iv) recording-mode: credit line STILL visible ────────────────
   console.log('\nH10 — recording-mode keeps the credit line visible');
   await page.evaluate(() => document.body.classList.add('recording-mode'));
-  await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 400));
+  await whenUiSettled(page);
   const recVis = await creditVisibility();
   await page.screenshot({ path: resolve(SHOT_DIR, 'recording-mode.png') });
   check(
@@ -377,7 +366,7 @@ async function main() {
   await page.evaluate(() => document.body.classList.remove('recording-mode'));
 
   // baseline (normal) screenshot for comparison
-  await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 300));
+  await whenUiSettled(page);
   await page.screenshot({ path: resolve(SHOT_DIR, 'normal.png') });
 
   check(
@@ -391,7 +380,7 @@ async function main() {
     failedResponses.slice(0, 3).join(' | ') || 'clean',
   );
 
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
 
   console.log('\n────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────');
   console.log(`  RESULT: ${passed} passed, ${failed} failed`);
diff --git a/scripts/qa-browserEvidence.mjs b/scripts/qa-browserEvidence.mjs
index e2d9677b9..af1ca0217 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-browserEvidence.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-browserEvidence.mjs
@@ -105,6 +105,8 @@ export function hookRenderErrors(page) {
   return page.evaluateOnNewDocument(() => {
     window.__qaRenderErrors = [];
     const hook = () => {
+      // Cesium-only: its render loop catches errors before pageerror sees them.
+      if (window.__godsEyeView?.engine?.kind === 'navara') return true;
       const scene = window.__godsEyeView?.viewer?.scene;
       if (!scene?.renderError) return false;
       scene.renderError.addEventListener((_, error) =>
diff --git a/scripts/qa-cables-overlay.mjs b/scripts/qa-cables-overlay.mjs
index e5f0cf834..59a65c6b1 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-cables-overlay.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-cables-overlay.mjs
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
+// Cesium-only probes: native DataSource counts and scene-render timing measure the Cesium cable adapter.
+import { evaluateWithGeo } from './qa/geometry.mjs';
+import { whenSettled } from './qa/ready.mjs';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 /**
  * qa-cables-overlay — submarine-cable label path measurement + contract gate.
  *
@@ -20,7 +24,6 @@
  * Requires a running dev server. Headless; rAF throttling disabled so the
  * frame clock is honest (hidden-pane gotcha).
  */
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 
 const argv = process.argv;
 const url = argv.includes('--url') ? argv[argv.indexOf('--url') + 1] : 'http://localhost:4214';
@@ -40,35 +43,26 @@ function report(name, detail) {
   console.log(`  [MEAS] ${name} — ${JSON.stringify(detail)}`);
 }
 
-const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
-  headless: 'new',
+const browser = await launchBrowser({
+  headless: true,
   protocolTimeout: 300_000,
-  args: [
-    '--no-sandbox',
-    '--disable-setuid-sandbox',
-    '--window-size=1440,900',
-    '--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows',
-    '--disable-renderer-backgrounding',
-    '--disable-background-timer-throttling',
-  ],
+  args: ['--no-sandbox', '--disable-setuid-sandbox', '--window-size=1440,900', '--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows', '--disable-renderer-backgrounding', '--disable-background-timer-throttling'],
 });
 
 try {
   const page = await browser.newPage();
   await page.setViewport({ width: 1440, height: 860 });
   await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' });
-  await page.waitForFunction(() => !!window.__godsEyeView?.viewer, { timeout: 90_000 });
-  await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 12_000)); // boot flyTo + deferred init
+  await page.waitForFunction(() => !!window.__godsEyeView?.engine, { timeout: 90_000 });
+  await whenSettled(page); // boot flyTo + deferred init
 
   // Park mid-Atlantic (many cables + both coasts' landings in range) and
   // disable every layer so the cables layer is measured in isolation.
-  await page.evaluate(async () => {
+  await evaluateWithGeo(page, async (qaGeo) => {
     const gev = window.__godsEyeView;
-    const v = gev.viewer;
-    v.camera.cancelFlight();
-    const ell = v.scene.globe.ellipsoid;
-    v.camera.setView({
-      destination: ell.cartographicToCartesian({
+    window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.cancelFlight();
+    window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.setView({
+      destination: qaGeo.cartographic.toCartesian({
         longitude: -40 * Math.PI / 180, latitude: 35 * Math.PI / 180, height: 4_500_000,
       }),
       orientation: { heading: 0, pitch: -Math.PI / 2, roll: 0 },
@@ -77,7 +71,7 @@ try {
       if (entry.enabled) { try { await gev.dataManager.setEnabled(id, false, { origin: 'user' }); } catch { /* measured via counts */ } }
     }
   });
-  await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 6_000)); // tiles + fades settle
+  await whenSettled(page); // tiles + fades settle
 
   // ── b. toggle-ON → labels visible ─────────────────────────────────────
   if (!control) {
@@ -96,14 +90,14 @@ try {
       };
       while (performance.now() < deadline) {
         if (labelsUp()) return { ms: Math.round(performance.now() - t0), timedOut: false };
-        gev.viewer.scene.requestRender?.();
+        window.__godsEyeView.engine.render.request?.();
         await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 100));
       }
       return { ms: 60_000, timedOut: true };
     }, LAYER_ID, legacy);
     report('toggle-ON -> labels visible (ms)', labelLatency);
     check('labels became visible after enable', labelLatency.timedOut === false, labelLatency);
-    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 3_000)); // let load/labels settle
+    await whenSettled(page); // let load/labels settle
   }
 
   // ── c. drawn-set / label / host counts ────────────────────────────────
@@ -190,11 +184,10 @@ try {
     : 'scene.render cost, cables ON, 10s orbit', frameCost);
 
   // ── d. parked idle honesty (labels must not force continuous render) ──
-  await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 4_000)); // orbit stop + fades settle
+  await whenSettled(page); // orbit stop + fades settle
   const idle = await page.evaluate(() => new Promise((resolve) => {
-    const scene = window.__godsEyeView.viewer.scene;
     let renders = 0;
-    const remove = scene.postRender.addEventListener(() => { renders += 1; });
+    const remove = window.__godsEyeView.engine.frames.postRender.addEventListener(() => { renders += 1; });
     setTimeout(() => { remove(); resolve({ renders }); }, 5_000);
   }));
   report(control
@@ -224,7 +217,7 @@ try {
     const cycle = await page.evaluate(async (layerId) => {
       const gev = window.__godsEyeView;
       await gev.dataManager.setEnabled(layerId, false, { origin: 'user' });
-      gev.viewer.scene.requestRender?.();
+      window.__godsEyeView.engine.render.request?.();
       await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 1_200));
       const offDiag = window.__gevWorldOverlay?.getDiagnostics?.() || {};
       const offEntries = offDiag.entriesBySource?.[layerId] || 0;
@@ -236,7 +229,7 @@ try {
         const diag = window.__gevWorldOverlay?.getDiagnostics?.() || {};
         onPainted = diag.paintedBySource?.[layerId] || 0;
         if (onPainted > 0) break;
-        gev.viewer.scene.requestRender?.();
+        window.__godsEyeView.engine.render.request?.();
         await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 100));
       }
       return { offEntries, offPainted, onPainted };
@@ -245,7 +238,7 @@ try {
     check('re-enable restores painted labels', cycle.onPainted > 0, cycle);
   }
 } finally {
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
 }
 
 const passed = results.filter((r) => r.pass).length;
diff --git a/scripts/qa-cables-render-probe.mjs b/scripts/qa-cables-render-probe.mjs
index babef945d..c174e5080 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-cables-render-probe.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-cables-render-probe.mjs
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
+// Cesium-only probes: manual native renders isolate Cesium cable render cost.
+import { evaluateWithGeo } from './qa/geometry.mjs';
+import { whenSettled } from './qa/ready.mjs';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 /**
  * qa-cables-render-probe — replicates the owner-side perf probe methodology
  * for the cables layer (relative numbers; SwiftShader when run headless):
@@ -11,35 +15,29 @@
  *
  * Usage: node scripts/qa-cables-render-probe.mjs [--url http://localhost:4216]
  */
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 
 const argv = process.argv;
 const url = argv.includes('--url') ? argv[argv.indexOf('--url') + 1] : 'http://localhost:4216';
 const LAYER_ID = 'telegeography-submarine-cables';
 
-const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
-  headless: 'new',
+const browser = await launchBrowser({
+  headless: true,
   protocolTimeout: 300_000,
-  args: [
-    '--no-sandbox', '--disable-setuid-sandbox', '--window-size=1440,900',
-    '--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows', '--disable-renderer-backgrounding',
-    '--disable-background-timer-throttling',
-  ],
+  args: ['--no-sandbox', '--disable-setuid-sandbox', '--window-size=1440,900', '--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows', '--disable-renderer-backgrounding', '--disable-background-timer-throttling'],
 });
 
 try {
   const page = await browser.newPage();
   await page.setViewport({ width: 1440, height: 860 });
   await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' });
-  await page.waitForFunction(() => !!window.__godsEyeView?.viewer, { timeout: 90_000 });
-  await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 12_000));
+  await page.waitForFunction(() => !!window.__godsEyeView?.engine, { timeout: 90_000 });
+  await whenSettled(page);
 
-  await page.evaluate(async () => {
+  await evaluateWithGeo(page, async (qaGeo) => {
     const gev = window.__godsEyeView;
-    gev.viewer.camera.cancelFlight();
-    const ell = gev.viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid;
-    gev.viewer.camera.setView({
-      destination: ell.cartographicToCartesian({
+    window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.cancelFlight();
+    window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.setView({
+      destination: qaGeo.cartographic.toCartesian({
         longitude: -40 * Math.PI / 180, latitude: 35 * Math.PI / 180, height: 4_500_000,
       }),
       orientation: { heading: 0, pitch: -Math.PI / 2, roll: 0 },
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@ try {
       if (entry.enabled) { try { await gev.dataManager.setEnabled(id, false, { origin: 'user' }); } catch { /* probe */ } }
     }
   });
-  await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 5_000));
+  await whenSettled(page);
 
   const stats = (values) => ({
     mean: +(values.reduce((s, v) => s + v, 0) / Math.max(1, values.length)).toFixed(2),
@@ -60,7 +58,7 @@ try {
       const gev = window.__godsEyeView;
       await gev.dataManager.setEnabled(id, on, { origin: 'user' });
     }, LAYER_ID, enabled);
-    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, enabled ? 6_000 : 3_000)); // load/teardown + settle
+    await whenSettled(page); // load/teardown + settle
 
     // 1. PARKED timed renders.
     const parked = await page.evaluate(() => {
@@ -77,18 +75,17 @@ try {
     // 2. PAN-STOP cycles: move, raise moveEnd, wait 650 ms, 20 timed renders.
     const cycles = [];
     for (let cycle = 0; cycle < 3; cycle++) {
-      const frames = await page.evaluate(async (step) => {
+      const frames = await evaluateWithGeo(page, async (qaGeo, step) => {
         const v = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
-        const ell = v.scene.globe.ellipsoid;
-        v.camera.setView({
-          destination: ell.cartographicToCartesian({
+        window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.setView({
+          destination: qaGeo.cartographic.toCartesian({
             longitude: (-40 + step * 3) * Math.PI / 180,
             latitude: 35 * Math.PI / 180,
             height: 4_500_000,
           }),
           orientation: { heading: 0, pitch: -Math.PI / 2, roll: 0 },
         });
-        v.camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
+        window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
         await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 650));
         const durations = [];
         for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
@@ -112,5 +109,5 @@ try {
   console.log(`\nparked delta (ON-OFF mean): ${(on.parked.mean - off.parked.mean).toFixed(2)}ms`);
   console.log(`pan-stop worst: ON ${on.worst}ms vs OFF ${off.worst}ms`);
 } finally {
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
 }
diff --git a/scripts/qa-cables-shot.mjs b/scripts/qa-cables-shot.mjs
index 3e3008e03..a9b0cbbd8 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-cables-shot.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-cables-shot.mjs
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
+import { evaluateWithGeo } from './qa/geometry.mjs';
+import { whenSettled } from './qa/ready.mjs';
 /**
  * qa-cables-shot — capture the cables layer at two fixed cameras for
  * before/after visual-identity comparison. Writes to gitignored qa-shots/.
  * Usage: node scripts/qa-cables-shot.mjs [--url http://localhost:4214] [--tag before]
  */
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import { mkdirSync } from 'node:fs';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
 
@@ -14,24 +16,20 @@ const tag = argv.includes('--tag') ? argv[argv.indexOf('--tag') + 1] : 'shot';
 const LAYER_ID = 'telegeography-submarine-cables';
 mkdirSync(new URL('../qa-shots', import.meta.url), { recursive: true });
 
-const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
-  headless: 'new',
+const browser = await launchBrowser({
+  headless: true,
   protocolTimeout: 300_000,
-  args: [
-    '--no-sandbox', '--disable-setuid-sandbox', '--window-size=1440,900',
-    '--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows', '--disable-renderer-backgrounding',
-    '--disable-background-timer-throttling',
-  ],
+  args: ['--no-sandbox', '--disable-setuid-sandbox', '--window-size=1440,900', '--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows', '--disable-renderer-backgrounding', '--disable-background-timer-throttling'],
 });
 try {
   const page = await browser.newPage();
   await page.setViewport({ width: 1440, height: 860 });
   await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' });
-  await page.waitForFunction(() => !!window.__godsEyeView?.viewer, { timeout: 90_000 });
-  await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 12_000));
+  await page.waitForFunction(() => !!window.__godsEyeView?.engine, { timeout: 90_000 });
+  await whenSettled(page);
   await page.evaluate(async (layerId) => {
     const gev = window.__godsEyeView;
-    gev.viewer.camera.cancelFlight();
+    window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.cancelFlight();
     for (const [id, entry] of gev.dataManager.layers) {
       if (entry.enabled && id !== layerId) {
         try { await gev.dataManager.setEnabled(id, false, { origin: 'user' }); } catch { /* shot only */ }
@@ -45,11 +43,9 @@ try {
     { name: 'ny-coast', lon: -73.5, lat: 40.4, height: 500_000 },
   ];
   for (const view of views) {
-    await page.evaluate((v) => {
-      const viewer = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
-      const ell = viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid;
-      viewer.camera.setView({
-        destination: ell.cartographicToCartesian({
+    await evaluateWithGeo(page, async (qaGeo, v) => {
+      window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.setView({
+        destination: qaGeo.cartographic.toCartesian({
           longitude: v.lon * Math.PI / 180, latitude: v.lat * Math.PI / 180, height: v.height,
         }),
         orientation: { heading: 0, pitch: -Math.PI / 2, roll: 0 },
@@ -57,15 +53,14 @@ try {
     }, view);
     // Let the sweep + labels settle with frames flowing.
     await page.evaluate(() => new Promise((resolve) => {
-      const v = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
       let ticks = 0;
       const tick = () => {
-        v.scene.requestRender?.();
+        window.__godsEyeView.engine.render.request?.();
         if (++ticks < 240) requestAnimationFrame(tick); else resolve();
       };
       requestAnimationFrame(tick);
     }));
-    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 1_000));
+    await whenSettled(page);
     const path = fileURLToPath(
       new URL(`../qa-shots/cables-${tag}-${view.name}.png`, import.meta.url),
     );
@@ -73,5 +68,5 @@ try {
     console.log(`saved ${path}`);
   }
 } finally {
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
 }
diff --git a/scripts/qa-camera-controls.mjs b/scripts/qa-camera-controls.mjs
index c2d2b5646..7dbe8111f 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-camera-controls.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-camera-controls.mjs
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
 /** Camera-panel browser acceptance with controlled sources, images and terrain. */
+import { whenSettled, whenUiSettled } from './qa/ready.mjs';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 const origin = process.env.QA_BASE_URL || 'http://localhost:4173';
 const selectAllModifier = process.platform === 'darwin' ? 'Meta' : 'Control';
 const sources = [
@@ -31,13 +32,11 @@ const sources = [
   rangeM: 300,
   mountHeightM: 8,
 }));
-const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
+const browser = await launchBrowser({
   headless: true,
   args: [
     '--no-sandbox',
-    ...(process.platform === 'darwin'
-      ? ['--use-angle=metal', '--enable-gpu']
-      : ['--use-gl=angle', '--use-angle=swiftshader']),
+    ...(process.platform === 'darwin' ? ['--enable-gpu'] : []),
   ],
 });
 const page = await browser.newPage();
@@ -108,10 +107,10 @@ try {
   await page.waitForFunction(
     () =>
       window.__godsEyeView?.styleManager?._cctvControls &&
-      window.__godsEyeView?.dataManager?.layers?.has('cctv') &&
-      document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'),
+      window.__godsEyeView?.dataManager?.layers?.has('cctv'),
     { timeout: 60000 },
   );
+  await whenSettled(page);
   await page.$eval('[data-collapse-target="cctv-panel"]', (button) =>
     button.click(),
   );
@@ -357,22 +356,23 @@ try {
   fs.mkdirSync('qa-shots/camera-controls', { recursive: true });
   await page.screenshot({ path: 'qa-shots/camera-controls/desktop.png' });
   await page.evaluate(() => {
-    const camera = window.__godsEyeView.viewer.camera;
-    camera.setView({
+    window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.setView({
+      destination: window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().position,
       orientation: {
-        heading: camera.heading + Math.PI / 3,
+        heading:
+          window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().heading + Math.PI / 3,
         pitch: -0.6,
         roll: 0,
       },
     });
   });
-  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 700));
+  await whenUiSettled(page);
   await page.screenshot({ path: 'qa-shots/camera-controls/angle.png' });
   await page.setViewport({ width: 390, height: 844 });
-  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 700));
+  await whenUiSettled(page);
   // Phones present CCTV in the Cameras tab's sheet.
   await page.click('#mobile-tab-bar [data-mobile-sheet="cameras"]');
-  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 400));
+  await whenUiSettled(page);
   await page.screenshot({ path: 'qa-shots/camera-controls/narrow.png' });
   check(
     'narrow camera panel remains within the viewport',
@@ -411,6 +411,6 @@ try {
   );
 } finally {
   await Promise.all([...delayedFrames].map((respond) => respond()));
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
 }
 if (failures) process.exitCode = 1;
diff --git a/scripts/qa-cctv-v2.mjs b/scripts/qa-cctv-v2.mjs
index 712d8c865..21a95c841 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-cctv-v2.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-cctv-v2.mjs
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Cesium-only probes: native raycast fault injection, camera transforms and entity sentinels test the Cesium adapter.
+import { withGeo } from './qa/geometry.mjs';
+import { whenFramesDrawn, whenSettled, pollPage, whenTilesLoaded } from './qa/ready.mjs';
 /**
  * qa-cctv-v2.mjs — CCTV v2 subsystem proof harness
  *
@@ -76,7 +79,7 @@
  * Exit 0 = all asserts passed. Non-zero = a hard failure.
  */
 
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import { watchBrowserPage, redact } from './qa-browserEvidence.mjs';
 import { blockPaidQaMaps } from './qa-map-policy.mjs';
 import { installCctvFixture } from './fixtures/layers/cctv.mjs';
@@ -126,30 +129,7 @@ const saveEvidence = () => {
   );
 };
 
-const CHROME_EXECUTABLE_CANDIDATES = [
-  process.env.PUPPETEER_EXECUTABLE_PATH,
-  // Prefer puppeteer's version-pinned Chrome-for-Testing over the system
-  // Chrome: /Applications auto-updates underneath the harnesses, and its
-  // software-GL behavior shifts across majors (system Chrome 150 blew the
-  // tile-gated drain budget under SwiftShader on 2026-07-30 — six
-  // false-negative qa-cctv-v2 runs against a healthy build). A deterministic
-  // pinned browser beats the newest one for regression harnesses.
-  await puppeteer.executablePath().catch(() => null),
-  '/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome',
-  '/Applications/Google Chrome Canary.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome Canary',
-  '/Applications/Chromium.app/Contents/MacOS/Chromium',
-].filter(Boolean);
 
-function findChromeExecutable() {
-  for (const candidate of CHROME_EXECUTABLE_CANDIDATES) {
-    try {
-      if (fs.existsSync(candidate)) return candidate;
-    } catch {
-      /* ignore */
-    }
-  }
-  return null;
-}
 
 const results = evidence.checks;
 function record(name, ok, detail) {
@@ -189,32 +169,6 @@ const PROTOCOL_TIMEOUT_MS = 300_000;
  *   The predicate must return a boolean: its result crosses CDP by value.
  * @returns {Promise<boolean>} True if the predicate held within the budget.
  */
-async function waitForPredicate(
-  page,
-  predicate,
-  { timeoutMs, intervalMs = 250, args = [] },
-) {
-  // performance.now() is monotonic and doesn't advance while the machine
-  // sleeps, so neither a clock change nor a laptop sleep eats the budget.
-  const deadline = performance.now() + timeoutMs;
-  for (;;) {
-    try {
-      if (await page.evaluate(predicate, ...args)) return true;
-    } catch (err) {
-      // A navigation or Vite reload replaces the execution context: poll again.
-      if (
-        !/Execution context was destroyed|Cannot find context/.test(
-          err?.message ?? '',
-        )
-      ) {
-        throw err;
-      }
-    }
-    const remaining = deadline - performance.now();
-    if (remaining <= 0) return false;
-    await sleep(Math.min(intervalMs, remaining));
-  }
-}
 
 // SwiftShader can spend tens of seconds servicing the hover drillPick emitted
 // by page.mouse.move(), before the LEFT_DOWN under test even runs. Position the
@@ -266,22 +220,21 @@ function installRenderFramesHelper(page) {
   return page.evaluate(() => {
     window.__qaRenderFrames = (count, capMs) =>
       new Promise((resolve) => {
-        const scene = window.__godsEyeView.viewer.scene;
         let frames = 0;
         const finish = () => {
           clearTimeout(timer);
           remove();
           resolve(frames);
         };
-        const remove = scene.postRender.addEventListener(() => {
+        const remove = window.__godsEyeView.engine.frames.postRender.addEventListener(() => {
           if (++frames >= count) {
             finish();
             return;
           }
-          scene.requestRender();
+          window.__godsEyeView.engine.render.request();
         });
         const timer = setTimeout(finish, capMs);
-        scene.requestRender();
+        window.__godsEyeView.engine.render.request();
       });
   });
 }
@@ -462,23 +415,6 @@ const BEARING_SHIFT_SRC = `
  * @param {number} [timeoutMs=15000]
  * @returns {Promise<boolean>} True if tilesLoaded was observed within the timeout.
  */
-function waitForTilesLoaded(page, timeoutMs = 15000) {
-  return waitForPredicate(
-    page,
-    () => {
-      const scene = window.__godsEyeView.viewer.scene;
-      const prims = scene.primitives;
-      for (let i = 0; i < prims.length; i++) {
-        const p = prims.get(i);
-        if (p && p.constructor && p.constructor.name === 'Cesium3DTileset') {
-          return p.tilesLoaded === true;
-        }
-      }
-      return true; // no tileset in the scene — nothing to wait for
-    },
-    { timeoutMs },
-  );
-}
 
 /**
  * Searches for a calibration patch (pitchDeg/fovDeg/rangeScale offsets) that
@@ -542,24 +478,13 @@ async function main() {
 
   fs.mkdirSync(SHOTS_DIR, { recursive: true });
 
-  const chromeExecutable = findChromeExecutable();
-  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
+  const browser = await launchBrowser({
     headless: true,
     protocolTimeout: PROTOCOL_TIMEOUT_MS,
     // Talk CDP over a pipe, so no debugging port stays open on localhost for
     // the length of a headful run.
     pipe: true,
-    ...(chromeExecutable ? { executablePath: chromeExecutable } : {}),
-    args: [
-      '--no-sandbox',
-      '--disable-setuid-sandbox',
-      '--use-angle=metal',
-      '--enable-gpu',
-      '--disable-dev-shm-usage',
-      '--disable-background-timer-throttling',
-      '--disable-renderer-backgrounding',
-      '--window-size=1280,800',
-    ],
+    args: ['--no-sandbox', '--disable-setuid-sandbox', '--enable-gpu', '--disable-dev-shm-usage', '--disable-background-timer-throttling', '--disable-renderer-backgrounding', '--window-size=1280,800'],
   });
 
   const consoleErrors = evidence.browserErrors;
@@ -596,7 +521,7 @@ async function main() {
     });
     console.log('Loading app...');
     await page.goto(APP_URL, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded', timeout: 60000 });
-    const appReady = await waitForPredicate(
+    const appReady = await pollPage(
       page,
       () =>
         Boolean(
@@ -638,7 +563,7 @@ async function main() {
       if (!keyless) throw new Error('Expected a keyless globe before CCTV QA');
     }
     // Let the initial fly-to Austin and first tiles settle.
-    await sleep(4000);
+    await whenSettled(page);
 
     // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Install raycast counters BEFORE the layer is enabled (§9.1-amended: the
@@ -653,7 +578,7 @@ async function main() {
       if (
         !scene ||
         typeof scene.pickFromRay !== 'function' ||
-        typeof scene.sampleHeight !== 'function'
+        typeof window.__godsEyeView.engine.surface.sampleHeight !== 'function'
       ) {
         return false;
       }
@@ -663,7 +588,7 @@ async function main() {
         window.__qaCounters.pickFromRay += 1;
         return origPick(...args);
       };
-      const origSample = scene.sampleHeight.bind(scene);
+      const origSample = window.__godsEyeView.engine.surface.sampleHeight.bind(scene);
       scene.sampleHeight = (...args) => {
         window.__qaCounters.sampleHeight += 1;
         return origSample(...args);
@@ -719,7 +644,7 @@ async function main() {
     console.log(
       `Waiting for geometry-load queue to drain (N=${camCount}, budget ${Math.round(drainBudgetMs / 1000)}s)...`,
     );
-    const drained = await waitForPredicate(
+    const drained = await pollPage(
       page,
       () => {
         const mod = window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('cctv').module;
@@ -763,7 +688,7 @@ async function main() {
       const mod = window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('cctv').module;
       mod.focusNearest({ durationSec: 0.1 });
     });
-    await sleep(500); // let the activation's synchronous work (probe + geometry rewrite) land
+    await whenFramesDrawn(page); // let the activation's synchronous work (probe + geometry rewrite) land
     const cAfterActivate = await readCounters();
     const activeId = await page.evaluate(
       () =>
@@ -793,7 +718,7 @@ async function main() {
         .get('cctv')
         .module.setParams({ selectedCameraId: id });
     }, activeId);
-    await sleep(400);
+    await whenFramesDrawn(page);
     const cAfterReselect = await readCounters();
     const geomAfterReselect = await page.evaluate(`(() => {
       ${SERIALIZE_GEOM_SRC}
@@ -816,7 +741,7 @@ async function main() {
     // latency of the completion pass (update interval is 10s).
     // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
     console.log('Waiting for tiles + the one-shot completion pass...');
-    const tilesSeenLoaded = await waitForTilesLoaded(page, 45000);
+    const tilesSeenLoaded = await whenTilesLoaded(page, { timeoutMs: 45000 }).then(() => true).catch(() => false);
     let sampleFloorOk = false;
     if (tilesSeenLoaded && !terrainGlobe) {
       sampleFloorOk = await page
@@ -866,10 +791,10 @@ async function main() {
         terrain.ok && heights?.length === 2 && heights.every(Number.isFinite);
       const mountResolved =
         terrainReady &&
-        (await waitForPredicate(
+        (await pollPage(
           page,
-          (expected, base) => {
-            const { viewer, dataManager, engine } = window.__godsEyeView;
+          await withGeo((qaGeo, expected, base) => {
+            const { dataManager, engine } = window.__godsEyeView;
             const module = dataManager.layers.get('cctv').module;
             const camera = module.getUIState().activeCamera;
             // The corner ray is an engine line; its first point (the mount)
@@ -883,7 +808,7 @@ async function main() {
             const mount = drawn ? ray?.polyline?.positions?.[0] : undefined;
             const height =
               mount &&
-              viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(mount)
+              qaGeo.cartographic.fromCartesian(mount)
                 .height;
             return (
               Number.isFinite(camera.groundPriorM) &&
@@ -895,8 +820,8 @@ async function main() {
               ) &&
               window.__qaCounters.sampleHeight === base
             );
-          },
-          { timeoutMs: 30000, args: [heights, c0.sampleHeight] },
+          }, heights, c0.sampleHeight),
+          { timeoutMs: 30000 },
         ));
       record(
         'terrain-globe completion uses a real DEM height at the rendered mount without mesh samples',
@@ -905,10 +830,10 @@ async function main() {
       );
     } else {
       console.log('Waiting for tiles + the one-shot completion pass...');
-      const tilesSeenLoaded = await waitForTilesLoaded(page, 45000);
+      const tilesSeenLoaded = await whenTilesLoaded(page, { timeoutMs: 45000 }).then(() => true).catch(() => false);
       let sampleFloorOk = false;
       if (tilesSeenLoaded) {
-        sampleFloorOk = await waitForPredicate(
+        sampleFloorOk = await pollPage(
           page,
           (base) => window.__qaCounters.sampleHeight - base >= 1,
           { timeoutMs: 30000, args: [c0.sampleHeight] },
@@ -993,7 +918,7 @@ async function main() {
         calibration: { cameraId: camId, patch: { headingDeg: 30 } },
       });
     }, activeId);
-    await sleep(500);
+    await whenFramesDrawn(page);
     const cAfterCal = await readCounters();
     const sampleDeltaCal = cAfterCal.sampleHeight - cBeforeCal.sampleHeight;
     const pickDeltaCal = cAfterCal.pickFromRay - cBeforeCal.pickFromRay;
@@ -1016,7 +941,7 @@ async function main() {
       const mod = window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('cctv').module;
       mod.setParams({ calibration: { cameraId: camId, reset: true } });
     }, activeId);
-    await sleep(300);
+    await whenFramesDrawn(page);
 
     // =========================================================================
     // Group 2: geometry contract
@@ -1098,7 +1023,7 @@ async function main() {
         ? JSON.stringify(geomInfo.plane.dimensions)
         : null;
       for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 3 && !patchGeometryApplied; attempt++) {
-        await waitForTilesLoaded(page, 15000);
+        await whenTilesLoaded(page, { timeoutMs: 15000 }).then(() => true).catch(() => false);
         await page.evaluate(
           ({ camId, patch }) => {
             const mod =
@@ -1107,7 +1032,7 @@ async function main() {
           },
           { camId: activeId, patch: safePatch },
         );
-        await sleep(400);
+        await whenFramesDrawn(page);
         geomForCorners = await page.evaluate(
           `(function(camId){ ${SERIALIZE_GEOM_SRC} return serializeGeom(camId); })(${JSON.stringify(activeId)})`,
         );
@@ -1204,7 +1129,7 @@ async function main() {
         const mod = window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('cctv').module;
         mod.setParams({ calibration: { cameraId: camId, reset: true } });
       }, activeId);
-      await sleep(300);
+      await whenFramesDrawn(page);
     }
 
     // Byte-stable over 30s idle: serialize + compare after 30s. Nothing
@@ -1283,7 +1208,7 @@ async function main() {
         calibration: { cameraId: camId, patch: { headingDeg: 30 } },
       });
     }, activeId);
-    await sleep(300);
+    await whenFramesDrawn(page);
 
     // Save-gated persistence (v3 design §3e): a PATCH edits the live pose
     // only — the store must stay untouched and the camera must read as
@@ -1321,7 +1246,7 @@ async function main() {
       const mod = window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('cctv').module;
       mod.setParams({ calibration: { cameraId: camId, save: true } });
     }, activeId);
-    await sleep(200);
+    await whenFramesDrawn(page);
 
     const storeEntry = await page.evaluate((camId) => {
       const raw = localStorage.getItem('godsEyeView.cctv.calibration.v2');
@@ -1371,7 +1296,7 @@ async function main() {
       const mod = window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('cctv').module;
       mod.setParams({ calibration: { cameraId: camId, reset: true } });
     }, activeId);
-    await sleep(300);
+    await whenFramesDrawn(page);
 
     const storeAfterReset = await page.evaluate((camId) => {
       const raw = localStorage.getItem('godsEyeView.cctv.calibration.v2');
@@ -1483,7 +1408,7 @@ async function main() {
       const gev = window.__godsEyeView;
       const viewer = gev.viewer;
       const scene = viewer.scene;
-      const canvas = scene.canvas;
+      const canvas = window.__godsEyeView.engine.host.canvas;
       const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
       const { hitTest } = (
         await import('/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js')
@@ -1535,28 +1460,28 @@ async function main() {
       const mod = gev.dataManager.layers.get('cctv').module;
       const snapshotPose = () => ({
         position: [
-          viewer.camera.positionWC.x,
-          viewer.camera.positionWC.y,
-          viewer.camera.positionWC.z,
+          window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().position.x,
+          window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().position.y,
+          window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().position.z,
         ],
         direction: [
-          viewer.camera.directionWC.x,
-          viewer.camera.directionWC.y,
-          viewer.camera.directionWC.z,
+          window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().direction.x,
+          window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().direction.y,
+          window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().direction.z,
         ],
-        up: [viewer.camera.upWC.x, viewer.camera.upWC.y, viewer.camera.upWC.z],
+        up: [window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().up.x, window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().up.y, window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().up.z],
         right: [
-          viewer.camera.rightWC.x,
-          viewer.camera.rightWC.y,
-          viewer.camera.rightWC.z,
+          window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().right.x,
+          window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().right.y,
+          window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().right.z,
         ],
         transform: Array.from(
           { length: 16 },
           (_, i) => viewer.camera.transform[i],
         ),
-        heading: viewer.camera.heading,
-        pitch: viewer.camera.pitch,
-        roll: viewer.camera.roll,
+        heading: window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().heading,
+        pitch: window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().pitch,
+        roll: window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().roll,
         trackedId: viewer.trackedEntity?.id ?? null,
       });
       const cameraPoseMatches = (a, b, epsilon = 1e-5) => {
@@ -1626,7 +1551,7 @@ async function main() {
           .module.setParams({ calibrationMode: true });
       });
       await page.mouse.click(emptyClickPoint.x, emptyClickPoint.y);
-      await sleep(250);
+      await whenFramesDrawn(page);
       const adjustClick = await page.evaluate(() => {
         const evidence = window.__qaCctvClickEvidence;
         const mod = window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('cctv').module;
@@ -1673,7 +1598,7 @@ async function main() {
           distance,
           new ray.origin.constructor(),
         );
-        const screen = scene.cartesianToCanvasCoordinates(candidate);
+        const screen = window.__godsEyeView.engine.projector.worldToWindow(candidate);
         if (
           screen &&
           Math.hypot(screen.x - canvasPoint.x, screen.y - canvasPoint.y) < 2
@@ -1695,7 +1620,7 @@ async function main() {
       });
       window.__qaCctvSiblingOwner = owner;
       const framesRendered = await window.__qaRenderFrames(3, 10000);
-      const rect = scene.canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
+      const rect = window.__godsEyeView.engine.host.canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
       const picked = scene.pick(canvasPoint);
       const pickedId = picked?.id?.id ?? picked?.id ?? null;
       window.__qaCctvClickEvidence.siblingBaselineTransitions =
@@ -1735,7 +1660,7 @@ async function main() {
     );
     if (siblingOwnsPick) {
       await page.mouse.click(siblingTarget.x, siblingTarget.y);
-      await sleep(250);
+      await whenFramesDrawn(page);
     }
     const siblingClick = await page.evaluate(() => {
       const evidence = window.__qaCctvClickEvidence;
@@ -1769,7 +1694,7 @@ async function main() {
 
     if (emptyClickPoint) {
       await page.mouse.click(emptyClickPoint.x, emptyClickPoint.y);
-      await sleep(250);
+      await whenFramesDrawn(page);
     }
     const firstEmptyClick = await page.evaluate(() => {
       const evidence = window.__qaCctvClickEvidence;
@@ -1810,7 +1735,7 @@ async function main() {
 
     if (emptyClickPoint) {
       await page.mouse.click(emptyClickPoint.x, emptyClickPoint.y);
-      await sleep(250);
+      await whenFramesDrawn(page);
     }
     const repeatEmptyClick = await page.evaluate(() => {
       const evidence = window.__qaCctvClickEvidence;
@@ -1894,7 +1819,7 @@ async function main() {
       mod.setParams({ coverageMode: 'viewshed' });
       return mod.getUIState().coverageMode;
     });
-    await sleep(400);
+    await whenFramesDrawn(page);
     record(
       'coverageMode setParams round-trip (viewshed)',
       modeAfterSet === 'viewshed',
@@ -1918,7 +1843,7 @@ async function main() {
       const on = mod.getUIState().coverageMode;
       return { off, on };
     });
-    await sleep(200);
+    await whenFramesDrawn(page);
     const volumesInOnMode = await countVolumes();
     record(
       'boolean showCoverage compat (false→off, true→on)',
@@ -1938,7 +1863,7 @@ async function main() {
       const mod = window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('cctv').module;
       mod.setParams({ coverageMode: 'viewshed' });
     });
-    await sleep(400);
+    await whenFramesDrawn(page);
     // NEXT starts an asynchronous footprint-height lookup. Its completion is
     // allowed to update geometry; the unchanged 8s idle window starts after it.
     const terrainDeadline = Date.now() + 35000;
@@ -1998,7 +1923,7 @@ async function main() {
     // Frame that actual camera before requiring an on-screen physical drag.
     await page.evaluate(() => window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('cctv')
       .module.setParams({ focusSelected: true, focusDurationSec: 0.2 }));
-    await sleep(800);
+    await whenFramesDrawn(page);
     const GIZMO_PARTS = [
       'ring-heading',
       'ring-pitch',
@@ -2113,7 +2038,7 @@ async function main() {
             grab.x + eastDrag.ux * i * 12,
             grab.y + eastDrag.uy * i * 12,
           );
-          await sleep(40);
+          await whenFramesDrawn(page);
           transientDragStates.push(
             await page.evaluate(() => {
               const mod =
@@ -2132,7 +2057,7 @@ async function main() {
         }
         const candidateCountersBeforeRelease = await readCounters();
         await page.mouse.up();
-        await sleep(400);
+        await whenFramesDrawn(page);
         const candidateEast = await page.evaluate(() => {
           const mod =
             window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('cctv').module;
@@ -2328,7 +2253,7 @@ async function main() {
     // Screenshots supplement this state/geometry oracle. Positive rendered
     // media pixels are a separate mandatory pixel gate.
     // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    await sleep(1000);
+    await whenFramesDrawn(page);
     const shot = path.join(SHOTS_DIR, 'cctv-v2-active.png');
     await saveReviewShot(page, shot, 'visual review only, not a gate');
 
@@ -2344,7 +2269,7 @@ async function main() {
     }
   } finally {
     await fixture?.dispose();
-    await browser.close();
+    await closeBrowser(browser);
     evidence.pass =
       results.length > 0 &&
       results.every((r) => r.ok === true) &&
diff --git a/scripts/qa-cockpit-plates.mjs b/scripts/qa-cockpit-plates.mjs
index 3d3aece03..adf7861e9 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-cockpit-plates.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-cockpit-plates.mjs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
+import { evaluateWithGeo } from './qa/geometry.mjs';
 /**
  * Rendered proof for backdrop-selective callout plates at GROUND LEVEL.
  *
@@ -46,13 +47,14 @@
  *   node scripts/qa-cockpit-plates.mjs --url http://localhost:4268 --tag before
  *   node scripts/qa-cockpit-plates.mjs --url http://localhost:4268 --teeth
  *
- * Defaults to ANGLE/Metal on macOS and software GL elsewhere. `--swiftshader` selects software GL,
+ * QA_ANGLE selects the renderer (Metal by default); use swiftshader for software GL,
  * which is deterministic but is NOT real-GPU evidence; the banner says which
  * backend actually ran and the run records it alongside the results.
  */
+import { whenSettled, whenTilesLoaded } from './qa/ready.mjs';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 
 const argv = process.argv.slice(2);
 const getOpt = (name, fallback) => {
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ const APP_ORIGIN = new URL(APP_URL).origin;
 const TAG = getOpt('--tag', 'after');
 const HEADFUL = argv.includes('--headful');
 const TEETH = argv.includes('--teeth');
-const SWIFTSHADER = argv.includes('--swiftshader') || process.platform !== 'darwin';
+const SWIFTSHADER = /swiftshader|software/i.test(process.env.QA_ANGLE || 'metal');
 const SHOT_DIR = path.resolve('qa-shots/cockpitplates');
 
 /** Mirrors `SKY_PLATE_SCALE` in src/overlays/worldOverlayTokens.js. */
@@ -134,14 +136,6 @@ const POSES = [
   },
 ];
 
-const CHROME_CANDIDATES = [
-  process.env.PUPPETEER_EXECUTABLE_PATH,
-  // Version-pinned Chrome-for-Testing over the auto-updating system Chrome:
-  // its software-GL behavior shifts across majors and has produced false
-  // negatives in this repo's harnesses before.
-  await puppeteer.executablePath().catch(() => null),
-  '/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome',
-].filter(Boolean);
 
 const results = [];
 function record(name, ok, detail) {
@@ -213,25 +207,9 @@ async function main() {
   }
 
   fs.mkdirSync(SHOT_DIR, { recursive: true });
-  const executablePath = CHROME_CANDIDATES.find((candidate) => {
-    try { return fs.existsSync(candidate); } catch { return false; }
-  });
-  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
-    headless: HEADFUL ? false : 'new',
-    ...(executablePath ? { executablePath } : {}),
-    args: [
-      '--no-sandbox',
-      '--disable-setuid-sandbox',
-      // Metal is a macOS-only ANGLE backend; off-Mac the GPU branch has to fall
-      // back to the software rasterizer or WebGL init fails outright.
-      ...(SWIFTSHADER
-        ? ['--use-gl=angle', '--use-angle=swiftshader']
-        : ['--use-angle=metal', '--enable-gpu', '--ignore-gpu-blocklist']),
-      '--disable-dev-shm-usage',
-      '--disable-background-timer-throttling',
-      '--disable-renderer-backgrounding',
-      '--window-size=1280,800',
-    ],
+  const browser = await launchBrowser({
+    headless: true,
+    args: ['--no-sandbox', '--disable-setuid-sandbox', ...(SWIFTSHADER ? [] : ['--enable-gpu', '--ignore-gpu-blocklist']), '--disable-dev-shm-usage', '--disable-background-timer-throttling', '--disable-renderer-backgrounding', '--window-size=1280,800'],
   });
 
   const consoleErrors = [];
@@ -276,10 +254,7 @@ async function main() {
 
     await page.goto(APP_URL, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded', timeout: 90_000 });
     await page.waitForFunction(() => window.__godsEyeView?.styleManager, { timeout: 90_000 });
-    await page.waitForFunction(
-      () => document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'),
-      { timeout: 90_000 },
-    );
+    await whenSettled(page);
 
     renderer = await page.evaluate(() => {
       const gl = document.createElement('canvas').getContext('webgl2')
@@ -302,10 +277,10 @@ async function main() {
 
     // Inject the field. The layers keep their real pipelines; only the source
     // of observations is replaced, exactly as scripts/qa-labels.mjs does.
-    await page.evaluate((payload) => {
-      const { viewer, dataManager, styleManager } = window.__godsEyeView;
-      viewer.camera.cancelFlight();
-      const Cartesian3 = viewer.camera.position.constructor;
+    await evaluateWithGeo(page, async (qaGeo, payload) => {
+      const { dataManager, styleManager } = window.__godsEyeView;
+      window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.cancelFlight();
+      const Cartesian3 = qaGeo.cartesian3;
       window.__PLATE_QA_FIELD = payload.contacts.map((contact) => ({
         sourceId: contact.id.toLowerCase(),
         id: contact.id,
@@ -330,17 +305,16 @@ async function main() {
 
     for (const pose of POSES) {
       console.log(`\n  — pose "${pose.name}" (${pose.note})`);
-      await page.evaluate((payload) => {
-        const { viewer } = window.__godsEyeView;
-        const Cartesian3 = viewer.camera.position.constructor;
-        viewer.camera.setView({
+      await evaluateWithGeo(page, async (qaGeo, payload) => {
+        const Cartesian3 = qaGeo.cartesian3;
+        window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.setView({
           destination: Cartesian3.fromDegrees(payload.lon, payload.lat, payload.height),
           orientation: { heading: 0, pitch: payload.pitchDeg * Math.PI / 180, roll: 0 },
         });
       }, { lon: JFK_LON, lat: JFK_LAT, height: pose.height, pitchDeg: pose.pitchDeg });
 
       // Let the tiles settle and the label solve run before the tap window.
-      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 6_000));
+      await whenTilesLoaded(page);
       await page.evaluate(() => {
         window.__PLATE_TAP.events = [];
         window.__PLATE_TAP.on = true;
@@ -356,10 +330,9 @@ async function main() {
         // OUTPUT has to ask for its own renders. Production is unaffected: real
         // Cockpit holds, and a parked map keeps showing the last correct frame
         // precisely because nothing changed.
-        const scene = window.__godsEyeView.viewer.scene;
         const pump = () => {
           if (!window.__PLATE_TAP.on) return;
-          scene.requestRender();
+          window.__godsEyeView.engine.render.request();
           requestAnimationFrame(pump);
         };
         pump();
@@ -522,7 +495,7 @@ async function main() {
       consoleErrors.slice(0, 3).join(' | ') || 'clean',
     );
   } finally {
-    await browser.close();
+    await closeBrowser(browser);
   }
 
   fs.writeFileSync(
diff --git a/scripts/qa-cockpit-utility.mjs b/scripts/qa-cockpit-utility.mjs
index 8aa712c01..d6571af42 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-cockpit-utility.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-cockpit-utility.mjs
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
+// Cesium-only probes: tracked-entity and local-frame coordinates verify the native cockpit handoff.
 /** Focused rendered proof for adaptive Cockpit Display/Radio layout. */
+import { whenSettled, whenUiSettled } from './qa/ready.mjs';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 import { blockPaidQaMaps } from './qa-map-policy.mjs';
 import { stubPlanespotters } from './qa-photo-stub.mjs';
 
@@ -13,22 +15,9 @@ const appUrl = process.env.QA_BASE_URL || 'http://localhost:4173';
 const headful = process.argv.includes('--headful');
 fs.mkdirSync(shotsDir, { recursive: true });
 
-const chromeCandidates = [
-  process.env.PUPPETEER_EXECUTABLE_PATH,
-  await puppeteer.executablePath().catch(() => null),
-  '/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome',
-].filter(Boolean);
-const executablePath = chromeCandidates.find((candidate) => fs.existsSync(candidate));
-const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
-  headless: headful ? false : 'new',
-  ...(executablePath ? { executablePath } : {}),
-  // Metal is a macOS-only ANGLE backend; anywhere else it fails WebGL init.
-  args: [
-    ...(process.platform === 'darwin'
-      ? ['--use-angle=metal', '--enable-gpu']
-      : ['--use-gl=angle', '--use-angle=swiftshader']),
-    '--no-sandbox',
-  ],
+const browser = await launchBrowser({
+  headless: true,
+  args: [...(process.platform === 'darwin' ? ['--enable-gpu'] : []), '--no-sandbox'],
 });
 const page = await browser.newPage();
 await blockPaidQaMaps(page);
@@ -171,10 +160,7 @@ try {
   page.on('request', routeQaRequest);
   await page.goto(appUrl, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded', timeout: 60_000 });
   await page.waitForFunction(() => window.__godsEyeView?.styleManager, { timeout: 60_000 });
-  await page.waitForFunction(
-    () => document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'),
-    { timeout: 60_000 },
-  );
+  await whenSettled(page);
   await page.waitForFunction(() => (
     typeof window.__gevQaRegisterLayer === 'function'
     && typeof window.__gevQaUnregisterLayer === 'function'
@@ -675,6 +661,7 @@ try {
     () => Boolean(window.__godsEyeView.viewer.trackedEntity?.position),
     { timeout: 10_000 },
   );
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const preselectedContactAdoption = await page.evaluate(async () => {
     const { styleManager, dataManager, viewer } = window.__godsEyeView;
     const flights = dataManager.layers.get('flights')?.module;
@@ -767,7 +754,7 @@ try {
         } : null,
         navigation: snapshot?.navigation || null,
         afterId: trackedInfo?.icao24 || null,
-        viewerTrackedId: viewer.trackedEntity?.gevTrackedId || null,
+        viewerTrackedId: window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.following()?.label?.id || null,
         contextVisible: !document.getElementById('military-awareness-panel')?.hidden,
         entryAvailableAfterSettlement: Boolean(entry && !entry.hidden),
         blockerStillRegistered: dataManager.layers.has(blockerId),
@@ -854,8 +841,8 @@ try {
     const readinessUrl = new URL(appUrl);
     readinessUrl.searchParams.set('welcome', '0');
     await readinessPage.goto(readinessUrl.href, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' });
-    await readinessPage.waitForFunction(() => window.__godsEyeView?.dataManager
-      && document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'), { timeout: 60000 });
+    await readinessPage.waitForFunction(() => window.__godsEyeView?.dataManager, { timeout: 60000 });
+    await whenSettled(readinessPage);
     await readinessPage.evaluate(async () => {
       const manager = window.__godsEyeView.dataManager;
       await manager.setEnabled('flights', true, { origin: 'user' });
@@ -1100,7 +1087,7 @@ try {
     const awareness = dataManager.layers.get('military-awareness')?.module;
     const before = awareness?.getContextSnapshot?.()?.subject || null;
     const entityBefore = viewer.trackedEntity;
-    viewer.camera.zoomOut(1_500_000);
+    window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.zoomOut(1_500_000);
     const cameraRange = () => Math.hypot(
       viewer.camera.position.x,
       viewer.camera.position.y,
@@ -1465,7 +1452,7 @@ try {
         remove();
         reject(new Error('Cockpit camera ownership check did not render a frame'));
       }, 5000);
-      const remove = viewer.scene.postRender.addEventListener(() => {
+      const remove = window.__godsEyeView.engine.frames.postRender.addEventListener(() => {
         remove();
         clearTimeout(timer);
         resolve();
@@ -1473,10 +1460,10 @@ try {
     });
     // Let revoked listeners retire before comparing ownership across exit.
     await nextFrame();
-    const listenersBeforeExit = viewer.scene.preUpdate.numberOfListeners;
+    const listenersBeforeExit = window.__godsEyeView.engine.frames.preUpdate.numberOfListeners;
     const exited = styleManager.cockpitView.exit() === true;
     await nextFrame();
-    const listenersAfterExit = viewer.scene.preUpdate.numberOfListeners;
+    const listenersAfterExit = window.__godsEyeView.engine.frames.preUpdate.numberOfListeners;
     const refocused = awareness?.focusCurrent?.() === true;
     await nextFrame();
     return {
@@ -1485,7 +1472,7 @@ try {
       sameEntity: viewer.trackedEntity === entity,
       listenersBeforeExit,
       listenersAfterExit,
-      listenersAfterFocus: viewer.scene.preUpdate.numberOfListeners,
+      listenersAfterFocus: window.__godsEyeView.engine.frames.preUpdate.numberOfListeners,
     };
   });
   check(
@@ -2088,7 +2075,7 @@ try {
     JSON.stringify(cyberStyleStates));
   for (const height of [987, 720, 640, 900]) {
     await page.setViewport({ width: 1440, height, deviceScaleFactor: 1 });
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 400));
+    await whenUiSettled(page);
     const geometry = await page.evaluate(() => {
       const signal = document.getElementById('cockpit-signal-stream');
       const utility = document.getElementById('cockpit-utility-controls');
@@ -2379,7 +2366,7 @@ try {
   await page.waitForFunction(() => {
     const viewer = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
     if (!viewer) return false;
-    const height = viewer.camera.positionCartographic?.height;
+    const height = window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().cartographic?.height;
     return Math.abs(height - 18_000_000) < 150_000;
   }, { timeout: 6_000 });
   const resetState = await page.evaluate(() => {
@@ -2387,7 +2374,7 @@ try {
     const qa = window.__qaCockpitReset;
     const awareness = gev.dataManager.layers.get('military-awareness')?.module;
     const subjectId = awareness?.getContextSnapshot?.()?.subject?.id || null;
-    const height = gev.viewer.camera.positionCartographic?.height;
+    const height = window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().cartographic?.height;
     gev.styleManager._locationNavigation.resetToGlobeView = qa.original;
     delete window.__qaCockpitReset;
     return {
@@ -2440,7 +2427,7 @@ try {
     else hud.style.removeProperty('--cockpit-utility-top');
     if (!prior.cockpit) document.body.classList.remove('cockpit-mode');
   }).catch(() => {});
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
 }
 
 console.log(`RESULT: ${failures.length ? 'NOT_READY' : 'READY'} (${failures.length} failures)`);
diff --git a/scripts/qa-context-arrivals.mjs b/scripts/qa-context-arrivals.mjs
index 85be4ce9c..30a98ae13 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-context-arrivals.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-context-arrivals.mjs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
+import { evaluateWithGeo } from './qa/geometry.mjs';
 /**
  * qa-context-arrivals.mjs — search arrivals above the surface, and Contacts
  * listing mapped installations around a moving tracked aircraft.
@@ -25,9 +26,10 @@
  * Writes <out>/result.json, screenshots and <out>/clip.mp4 (CDP screencast
  * with real frame timing; needs ffmpeg).
  */
+import { whenSettled, whenFramesDrawn, whenTilesLoaded } from './qa/ready.mjs';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 import { stubPlanespotters } from './qa-photo-stub.mjs';
 import { createScreencast, moveCamera } from './qa-journey-recorder.mjs';
 
@@ -62,14 +64,12 @@ const check = (name, ok, detail = '') => {
   if (!ok) result.failures.push(`${name}${detail ? ` — ${detail}` : ''}`);
 };
 
-const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
-  headless: !argv.includes('--headful'),
+const browser = await launchBrowser({
+  headless: true,
   protocolTimeout: 300_000,
   args: [
     '--no-sandbox',
-    ...(process.platform === 'darwin'
-      ? ['--use-angle=metal', '--enable-gpu']
-      : ['--use-gl=angle', '--use-angle=swiftshader']),
+    ...(process.platform === 'darwin' ? ['--enable-gpu'] : []),
     '--disable-background-timer-throttling',
     '--disable-renderer-backgrounding',
     '--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows',
@@ -171,12 +171,10 @@ async function openPage({ aircraft = false } = {}) {
   const url = new URL(appUrl);
   url.searchParams.set('welcome', '0');
   await page.goto(url.href, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded', timeout: 90_000 });
-  await page.waitForFunction(
-    () =>
-      window.__godsEyeView?.dataManager &&
-      document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'),
-    { timeout: 120_000 },
-  );
+  await page.waitForFunction(() => window.__godsEyeView?.dataManager, {
+    timeout: 120_000,
+  });
+  await whenSettled(page);
   await page.evaluate(
     () => window.__godsEyeView.styleManager.initialRestorePromise,
   );
@@ -185,31 +183,16 @@ async function openPage({ aircraft = false } = {}) {
 }
 
 async function waitTiles(page, maxMs = 30_000) {
-  await page
-    .waitForFunction(
-      () => {
-        const { scene } = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
-        if (scene.globe.show) return scene.globe.tilesLoaded;
-        for (let i = 0; i < scene.primitives.length; i++) {
-          const p = scene.primitives.get(i);
-          if (p.show && p.tilesLoaded === false) return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-      },
-      { timeout: maxMs, polling: 250 },
-    )
-    .catch(() => {});
+  await whenTilesLoaded(page, { timeoutMs: maxMs }).catch(() => {});
 }
 
 /** Camera height above the rendered surface under it and under the view centre. */
 function clearance(page) {
-  return page.evaluate(() => {
-    const { viewer } = window.__godsEyeView;
-    const { scene, camera } = viewer;
-    const carto = camera.positionCartographic.clone();
+  return evaluateWithGeo(page, async (qaGeo) => {
+    const carto = window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().cartographic;
     const sample = (c) => {
       try {
-        const h = scene.sampleHeight(c);
+        const h = window.__godsEyeView.engine.surface.sampleHeight(c);
         return Number.isFinite(h) ? h : null;
       } catch {
         return null;
@@ -217,12 +200,12 @@ function clearance(page) {
     };
     const under = sample(carto);
     let centre = null;
-    const canvas = scene.canvas;
-    const hit = scene.pickPosition?.({
+    const canvas = window.__godsEyeView.engine.host.canvas;
+    const hit = window.__godsEyeView.engine.picker.pickPosition?.({
       x: canvas.clientWidth / 2,
       y: canvas.clientHeight / 2,
     });
-    if (hit) centre = scene.globe.ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(hit);
+    if (hit) centre = qaGeo.cartographic.fromCartesian(hit);
     const centreSurface = centre ? sample(centre) : null;
     const surface = Math.max(under ?? -Infinity, centreSurface ?? -Infinity);
     return {
@@ -234,7 +217,9 @@ function clearance(page) {
       clearanceM: Number.isFinite(surface)
         ? Math.round(carto.height - surface)
         : null,
-      pitchDeg: Math.round((camera.pitch * 180) / Math.PI),
+      pitchDeg: Math.round(
+        (window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().pitch * 180) / Math.PI,
+      ),
     };
   });
 }
@@ -255,47 +240,32 @@ async function arrivals() {
     });
     await page.type('#location-search', query, { delay: 40 });
     await page.keyboard.press('Enter');
-    // Wait for the flight to land: the camera still for 1.5 s.
-    const landed = Date.now();
-    let last = null;
-    let stillSince = null;
-    while (Date.now() - landed < 30_000) {
-      const now = await page.evaluate(() => {
-        const c = window.__godsEyeView.viewer.camera.positionWC;
-        return [c.x, c.y, c.z];
-      });
-      const moved =
-        !last ||
-        Math.hypot(now[0] - last[0], now[1] - last[1], now[2] - last[2]) > 0.5;
-      last = now;
-      if (moved) stillSince = null;
-      else stillSince ??= Date.now();
-      if (
-        Date.now() - landed > 4000 &&
-        stillSince &&
-        Date.now() - stillSince > 1500
-      )
-        break;
-      await sleep(250);
-    }
+    await whenSettled(page);
     await waitTiles(page);
-    await sleep(2500); // the ground guard measures after tiles stream in
+    await whenSettled(page); // the ground guard measures after tiles stream in
     const arrived = await clearance(page);
     const slug = query.replace(/\W+/g, '-').replace(/^-|-$/g, '').toLowerCase();
     await page.screenshot({ path: path.join(dir, `arrival-${slug}.png`) });
     // Look around: a gentle orbit, then check the eye still clears the ground.
     const view = await page.evaluate(() => {
-      const c = window.__godsEyeView.viewer.camera;
       return {
-        lat: (c.positionCartographic.latitude * 180) / Math.PI,
-        lon: (c.positionCartographic.longitude * 180) / Math.PI,
-        height: c.positionCartographic.height,
-        heading: (c.heading * 180) / Math.PI,
-        pitch: (c.pitch * 180) / Math.PI,
+        lat:
+          (window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().cartographic.latitude *
+            180) /
+          Math.PI,
+        lon:
+          (window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().cartographic.longitude *
+            180) /
+          Math.PI,
+        height: window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().cartographic.height,
+        heading:
+          (window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().heading * 180) / Math.PI,
+        pitch:
+          (window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().pitch * 180) / Math.PI,
       };
     });
     await moveCamera(page, { ...view, heading: view.heading + 25 }, 2.5);
-    await sleep(1500);
+    await whenFramesDrawn(page);
     const lookedAround = await clearance(page);
     result.arrivals.push({ query, arrived, lookedAround });
     check(
@@ -323,7 +293,7 @@ async function contacts() {
     { lat: 30.35, lon: -97.76, height: 900_000, pitch: -90 },
     0,
   );
-  await sleep(3000);
+  await whenFramesDrawn(page);
   // In-page probe: row text and installation entity churn every 250 ms.
   await page.evaluate(() => {
     const samples = [];
@@ -368,7 +338,7 @@ async function contacts() {
         entities: sites.length,
         created,
         tracked:
-          window.__godsEyeView.viewer.trackedEntity?.gevTrackedId ?? null,
+          window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.following()?.label?.id ?? null,
         cockpit: document.body.classList.contains('cockpit-mode'),
       });
       if (samples.length > 5000) samples.splice(0, 1000);
@@ -383,7 +353,7 @@ async function contacts() {
   await page
     .waitForFunction(
       () =>
-        window.__godsEyeView.viewer.trackedEntity?.gevTrackedId ===
+        window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.following()?.label?.id ===
         'flights:aaa051',
       { timeout: 60_000 },
     )
@@ -478,7 +448,7 @@ async function contacts() {
   await page.evaluate(() =>
     window.__godsEyeView.styleManager.cockpitView.exit?.(),
   );
-  await sleep(2000);
+  await whenFramesDrawn(page);
 
   // SEARCH NEARBY SITES, as the user presses it.
   await page.evaluate(() => {
@@ -504,7 +474,7 @@ async function contacts() {
   const toast = await page.evaluate(() =>
     document.getElementById('toast').textContent.trim(),
   );
-  await sleep(1500);
+  await whenFramesDrawn(page);
   const afterSearch = (
     await readSamples((await page.evaluate(() => performance.now())) - 1000)
   ).at(-1);
@@ -519,13 +489,13 @@ async function contacts() {
   await page.evaluate(() =>
     document.getElementById('global-context-flights-btn').click(),
   );
-  await sleep(2000);
+  await whenFramesDrawn(page);
   await page.evaluate(() =>
     window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers
       .get('flights')
       .module.trackById('aaa052'),
   );
-  await sleep(3000);
+  await whenFramesDrawn(page);
   const t1 = await page.evaluate(() => performance.now());
   await page.evaluate(() =>
     document.getElementById('global-context-flights-btn').click(),
@@ -554,7 +524,7 @@ async function contacts() {
     }
     await sleep(500);
   }
-  await sleep(2000);
+  await whenFramesDrawn(page);
   await page.screenshot({ path: path.join(dir, 'contacts-fort-cavazos.png') });
   result.contacts.cavazos = cavazos;
   check(
@@ -600,7 +570,7 @@ try {
     path.join(outDir, 'result.json'),
     JSON.stringify(result, null, 1),
   );
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
 }
 console.log(
   `${result.failures.length ? 'FAIL' : 'PASS'} — ${path.join(outDir, 'result.json')}`,
diff --git a/scripts/qa-directions.mjs b/scripts/qa-directions.mjs
index 1bc9886c3..17e3db98d 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-directions.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-directions.mjs
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
+// Cesium-only probes: native primitive inspection independently verifies the Cesium route geometry.
+import { evaluateWithGeo } from './qa/geometry.mjs';
+import { whenSettled, whenUiSettled, whenTilesLoaded } from './qa/ready.mjs';
 /**
  * Browser proof of the Directions layer: real chip clicks, real globe clicks,
  * a real route from the real proxy, a real camera flight.
@@ -6,10 +9,10 @@
  * Usage: node scripts/qa-directions.mjs [--url http://localhost:4173]
  *        [--shots qa-shots/directions] [--label keyed] [--skip denver]
  */
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import fs from 'node:fs/promises';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 import { chromeExecutablePath } from './qa-chrome.mjs';
 
 const ROOT = path.resolve(path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), '..');
@@ -34,9 +37,8 @@ const check = (name, passed, detail = '') => {
   if (!passed) failures += 1;
 };
 
-const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
-  headless: process.env.QA_HEADFUL === '1' ? false : true,
-  executablePath: chromeExecutablePath(),
+const browser = await launchBrowser({
+  headless: true,
   args: [
     '--no-sandbox',
     '--disable-background-timer-throttling',
@@ -62,12 +64,12 @@ const shot = async (name) => {
 
 /** Put the camera over a place, instantly, and let the scene settle. */
 async function lookAt(lat, lon, height) {
-  await page.evaluate(
-    (la, lo, h) => {
-      const viewer = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
-      const Cartesian3 = viewer.camera.positionWC.constructor;
-      viewer.camera.cancelFlight();
-      viewer.camera.setView({
+  await evaluateWithGeo(
+    page,
+    async (qaGeo, la, lo, h) => {
+      const Cartesian3 = qaGeo.cartesian3;
+      window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.cancelFlight();
+      window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.setView({
         destination: Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lo, la, h),
         orientation: { heading: 0, pitch: -Math.PI / 2.2, roll: 0 },
       });
@@ -80,17 +82,16 @@ async function lookAt(lat, lon, height) {
 
 /** Canvas position of a lon/lat on the rendered surface, or null. */
 const screenAt = (lat, lon) =>
-  page.evaluate(
-    (la, lo) => {
-      const viewer = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
-      const scene = viewer.scene;
-      const Cartesian3 = viewer.camera.positionWC.constructor;
-      const Cartographic = viewer.camera.positionCartographic.constructor;
+  evaluateWithGeo(
+    page,
+    async (qaGeo, la, lo) => {
+      const Cartesian3 = qaGeo.cartesian3;
+      const Cartographic = qaGeo.cartographic;
       const carto = Cartographic.fromDegrees(lo, la);
-      let ground = scene.globe?.getHeight?.(carto);
+      let ground = window.__godsEyeView.engine.surface.terrainHeight?.(carto);
       if (!Number.isFinite(ground)) ground = 0;
       const world = Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lo, la, ground);
-      const win = scene.cartesianToCanvasCoordinates(world);
+      const win = window.__godsEyeView.engine.projector.worldToWindow(world);
       if (!win || !Number.isFinite(win.x)) return null;
       const x = Math.round(win.x);
       const y = Math.round(win.y);
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ const clickChip = async (chipId) => {
     button.click();
     return true;
   }, chipId);
-  await sleep(150);
+  await whenUiSettled(page);
   return clicked;
 };
 
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ const waitForMode = (word) =>
 
 const cameraPose = () =>
   page.evaluate(() => {
-    const c = window.__godsEyeView.viewer.camera.positionWC;
+    const c = window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().position;
     return { x: c.x, y: c.y, z: c.z };
   });
 const poseDelta = (a, b) => Math.hypot(a.x - b.x, a.y - b.y, a.z - b.z);
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ async function placeEndpoints(a, b) {
   const atA = await screenAt(a.lat, a.lon);
   if (!atA) return false;
   await page.mouse.click(atA.x, atA.y);
-  await sleep(700);
+  await whenUiSettled(page);
   await clickChip('set-b');
   const atB = await screenAt(b.lat, b.lon);
   if (!atB) return false;
@@ -207,6 +208,7 @@ try {
   await page.waitForFunction(() => window.__godsEyeView?.dataManager, {
     timeout: 90000,
   });
+  await whenSettled(page);
   // Two module reads the assertions need. Both are the app's OWN module
   // instances (Vite serves one copy), so this observes rather than simulates.
   await page.evaluate(async () => {
@@ -311,7 +313,7 @@ try {
       },
     };
   });
-  await sleep(3000);
+  await whenSettled(page);
 
   // ── 1. Open the UTILITIES panel, then toggle the row on. ────────────────
   const opened = await page.evaluate(() => {
@@ -328,7 +330,7 @@ try {
       .getElementById('utilities-panel')
       .classList.contains('collapsed');
   });
-  await sleep(700);
+  await whenUiSettled(page);
   check('the UTILITIES panel opens from its own header control', opened);
   const toggled = await page.evaluate(() => {
     const row = document.querySelector(
@@ -340,7 +342,7 @@ try {
     button.click();
     return true;
   });
-  await sleep(1200);
+  await whenUiSettled(page);
   check(
     'the Directions row is in the Data Layers panel and toggles on',
     toggled,
@@ -388,13 +390,13 @@ try {
     );
     close?.click();
   });
-  await sleep(500);
+  await whenUiSettled(page);
 
   // ── 2. Place A on the Ferry Building, B in Golden Gate Park. ─────────────
   const FERRY = { lat: 37.7955, lon: -122.3937 };
   const GGPARK = { lat: 37.7694, lon: -122.4862 };
   await lookAt(37.782, -122.44, 16000);
-  await sleep(5000);
+  await whenSettled(page);
 
   await clickChip('set-a');
   state = await layerState();
@@ -411,7 +413,7 @@ try {
   let at = await screenAt(FERRY.lat, FERRY.lon);
   check('the Ferry Building is on screen', !!at, JSON.stringify(at));
   await page.mouse.click(at.x, at.y);
-  await sleep(800);
+  await whenUiSettled(page);
   state = await layerState();
   check(
     'placing A releases the pointer claim',
@@ -425,7 +427,7 @@ try {
   // used to place B and deselect whatever was under it in the same gesture.
   await page.evaluate(() => {
     window.__gevQaLateHandler = [];
-    const canvas = window.__godsEyeView.viewer.scene.canvas;
+    const canvas = window.__godsEyeView.engine.host.canvas;
     canvas.addEventListener('pointerup', () => {
       window.__gevQaLateHandler.push(window.__gevQa.pointerOwner());
     });
@@ -443,7 +445,7 @@ try {
     `saw ${JSON.stringify(lateOwners)}`,
   );
   await waitForRoute();
-  await sleep(2000);
+  await whenSettled(page);
   state = await layerState();
   check(
     'once that click is over, the pointer claim is returned',
@@ -488,7 +490,7 @@ try {
     items[2]?.click();
     return { active, tabIndex: items[2]?.tabIndex };
   });
-  await sleep(600);
+  await whenUiSettled(page);
   const afterListClick = await layerState();
   check(
     'a list row takes keyboard focus and selects its maneuver',
@@ -525,7 +527,7 @@ try {
   // ── 4. Swap endpoints. ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
   const beforeSwap = await layerState();
   await clickChip('swap');
-  await sleep(3500);
+  await waitForRoute();
   const afterSwap = await layerState();
   check(
     'SWAP reverses the route',
@@ -534,7 +536,7 @@ try {
     `"${beforeSwap.listText[0]}" -> "${afterSwap.listText[0]}"`,
   );
   await clickChip('swap');
-  await sleep(3500);
+  await waitForRoute();
 
   // ── 5. Three rapid reroutes leave exactly one route. ─────────────────────
   await page.evaluate(() => {
@@ -543,7 +545,7 @@ try {
     manager.setLayerParams('directions', { mode: 'bike' }, { origin: 'user' });
     manager.setLayerParams('directions', { mode: 'car' }, { origin: 'user' });
   });
-  await sleep(6000);
+  await waitForRoute();
   const rapid = await layerState();
   check(
     'three rapid reroutes leave exactly one route',
@@ -656,7 +658,7 @@ try {
       ),
     );
     await waitForRoute();
-    await sleep(1200);
+    await whenUiSettled(page);
   }
   await cdp.send('Fetch.disable').catch(() => {});
 
@@ -686,7 +688,7 @@ try {
   // A reroute replaces the route the dolly is flying; the dolly has to land
   // first rather than keep flying a route that no longer exists.
   await setMode('foot');
-  await sleep(1200);
+  await whenUiSettled(page);
   const afterReroute = await layerState();
   check(
     'changing profile mid-flight lands the flight it replaced',
@@ -696,7 +698,7 @@ try {
   await waitForMode('Walk');
   await setMode('car');
   await waitForMode('Drive');
-  await sleep(800);
+  await whenUiSettled(page);
   check('FLY is offered again after the reroute', await clickChip('fly'));
   await sleep(2000);
 
@@ -768,7 +770,7 @@ try {
   // ── 9. Denver: maneuver dots sit on the ground, not at sea level. ────────
   if (!SKIP.has('denver')) {
     await lookAt(39.744, -104.999, 7000);
-    await sleep(6000);
+    await whenSettled(page);
     const placed = await placeEndpoints(
       { lat: 39.7392, lon: -104.9903 },
       { lat: 39.7487, lon: -105.0077 },
@@ -777,10 +779,9 @@ try {
     if (placed) {
       await waitForRoute();
       // Let the shared ground-floor cells warm and the dots re-anchor.
-      await sleep(9000);
-      const denver = await page.evaluate(() => {
-        const viewer = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
-        const Cartographic = viewer.camera.positionCartographic.constructor;
+      await whenTilesLoaded(page);
+      const denver = await evaluateWithGeo(page, async (qaGeo) => {
+        const Cartographic = qaGeo.cartographic;
         const { stepCount, stepsShown } = window.__gevQaDirections.drawn();
         const heights = stepsShown.map(
           (position) => Cartographic.fromCartesian(position).height,
@@ -817,7 +818,7 @@ try {
       origin: 'user',
     }),
   );
-  await sleep(1500);
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const off = await page.evaluate(() => {
     const drawn = window.__gevQaDirections.drawn();
     const row = document.querySelector(
@@ -877,7 +878,7 @@ try {
   check('harness completed', false, error?.stack || String(error));
   await shot(`99-${LABEL}-failure.jpg`).catch(() => {});
 } finally {
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
   await fs.writeFile(
     path.join(SHOTS, `qa-directions-${LABEL}.log`),
     `${lines.join('\n')}\n${failures} failure(s)\n`,
diff --git a/scripts/qa-director-camera.mjs b/scripts/qa-director-camera.mjs
index 62f0af5ff..40ef764e8 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-director-camera.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-director-camera.mjs
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
 /** Verify imported camera directions through real rendering and camera authority handoffs. */
+import { whenSettled } from './qa/ready.mjs';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 const output = path.resolve('qa-shots/director-camera');
 fs.mkdirSync(output, { recursive: true });
-const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
+const browser = await launchBrowser({
   headless: true,
   args: ['--no-sandbox', '--disable-dev-shm-usage'],
 });
@@ -23,12 +24,10 @@ try {
     `${process.env.QA_BASE_URL || 'http://localhost:4173'}/?welcome=0`,
     { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' },
   );
-  await page.waitForFunction(
-    () =>
-      window.__godsEyeView?.sceneDirector &&
-      document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'),
-    { timeout: 60000 },
-  );
+  await page.waitForFunction(() => window.__godsEyeView?.sceneDirector, {
+    timeout: 60000,
+  });
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const result = await page.evaluate(async () => {
     const { sceneDirector: d, styleManager: style } = window.__godsEyeView;
     const file = {
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ try {
     };
   });
   for (const [name, passed] of Object.entries(result)) check(name, passed);
-  await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 6000));
+  await whenSettled(page);
   await page.screenshot({ path: path.join(output, 'austin.png') });
   await page.evaluate(() => {
     const d = window.__godsEyeView.sceneDirector;
@@ -145,7 +144,7 @@ try {
     d._setCameraView({ ...pose, heading: pose.heading + 25, pitch: -60 });
     d.viewer.scene.requestRender();
   });
-  await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 3000));
+  await whenSettled(page);
   await page.screenshot({ path: path.join(output, 'angle.png') });
   const inputStarted = await page.evaluate(async () => {
     const d = window.__godsEyeView.sceneDirector;
@@ -205,6 +204,6 @@ try {
     );
   check('no uncaught browser errors', errors.length === 0);
 } finally {
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
 }
 if (failed) process.exitCode = 1;
diff --git a/scripts/qa-director-interactions.mjs b/scripts/qa-director-interactions.mjs
index a6d3cb83a..0e41d6a4e 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-director-interactions.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-director-interactions.mjs
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
 /** Real pointer/keyboard acceptance using a synthetic, self-authored feature pack. */
+import { whenSettled, whenTilesLoaded } from './qa/ready.mjs';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 const output = 'qa-shots/director-interactions';
 fs.mkdirSync(output, { recursive: true });
-const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
+const browser = await launchBrowser({
   headless: true,
   args: ['--no-sandbox', '--disable-dev-shm-usage'],
 });
@@ -52,12 +53,10 @@ try {
     `${process.env.QA_BASE_URL || 'http://localhost:4173'}/?welcome=0#v=2&lat=30.2672&lon=-97.742&alt=4000&heading=0&pitch=-90&l=`,
     { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' },
   );
-  await page.waitForFunction(
-    () =>
-      window.__godsEyeView?.sceneDirector &&
-      document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'),
-    { timeout: 60000 },
-  );
+  await page.waitForFunction(() => window.__godsEyeView?.sceneDirector, {
+    timeout: 60000,
+  });
+  await whenSettled(page);
   await page.evaluate(async () => {
     const d = window.__godsEyeView.sceneDirector;
     const camera = {
@@ -163,11 +162,8 @@ try {
         window.__godsEyeView.sceneDirector.getInteractionState().count === 4,
     ),
   );
-  await page.waitForFunction(
-    () => window.__godsEyeView.sceneDirector.engine.surface.tilesLoaded(),
-    { timeout: 60000 },
-  );
-  await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 2000));
+  await whenTilesLoaded(page, { timeoutMs: 60000 });
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const point = await page.evaluate(async () => {
     const d = window.__godsEyeView.sceneDirector;
     const { cartesian3 } = await import('/src/geo/index.js');
@@ -366,6 +362,6 @@ try {
   );
   check('no uncaught browser errors', errors.length === 0);
 } finally {
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
 }
 process.exitCode = failures ? 1 : 0;
diff --git a/scripts/qa-director-packs.mjs b/scripts/qa-director-packs.mjs
index 9ef68d420..45fe50a43 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-director-packs.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-director-packs.mjs
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
+// Cesium-only probes: native primitive readiness and entity counts detect Cesium resource leaks.
 /** Synthetic, self-authored assets exercise import, rendering and pack resource lifetime. */
+import { whenSettled, whenTilesLoaded, until } from './qa/ready.mjs';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 import sharp from 'sharp';
 const output = path.resolve('qa-shots/director-packs');
 fs.mkdirSync(output, { recursive: true });
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ const geojson = {
     },
   ],
 };
-const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
+const browser = await launchBrowser({
   headless: true,
   args: ['--no-sandbox', '--disable-dev-shm-usage'],
 });
@@ -105,12 +107,10 @@ try {
     `${process.env.QA_BASE_URL || 'http://localhost:4173'}/?welcome=0`,
     { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' },
   );
-  await page.waitForFunction(
-    () =>
-      window.__godsEyeView?.sceneDirector &&
-      document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'),
-    { timeout: 60000 },
-  );
+  await page.waitForFunction(() => window.__godsEyeView?.sceneDirector, {
+    timeout: 60000,
+  });
+  await whenSettled(page);
   await page.evaluate(async () => {
     const d = window.__godsEyeView.sceneDirector;
     const manifest = (id, format, file, placement) => ({
@@ -230,14 +230,11 @@ try {
     () => window.__godsEyeView.mapStackController.getActiveId() === 'photoreal',
     { timeout: 15000 },
   );
-  await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 5000));
-  await page.waitForFunction(
-    () => window.__godsEyeView.tileset?.tilesLoaded === true,
-    { timeout: 60000 },
-  );
+  await whenSettled(page);
+  await whenTilesLoaded(page, { timeoutMs: 60000 });
   const evidence = await page.evaluate(() => ({
     mapStack: window.__godsEyeView.mapStackController.getActiveId(),
-    tilesSettled: window.__godsEyeView.tileset?.tilesLoaded === true,
+    tilesSettled: window.__godsEyeView.engine.surface.tilesLoaded() === true,
   }));
   fs.writeFileSync(
     path.join(output, 'report.json'),
@@ -262,11 +259,8 @@ try {
       pitch: -85,
     });
   });
-  await page.waitForFunction(
-    () => window.__godsEyeView.tileset?.tilesLoaded === true,
-    { timeout: 60000 },
-  );
-  await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 2000));
+  await whenTilesLoaded(page, { timeoutMs: 60000 });
+  await whenSettled(page);
   await page.screenshot({ path: path.join(output, 'angle.png') });
   const life = await page.evaluate(async () => {
     const d = window.__godsEyeView.sceneDirector;
@@ -306,9 +300,10 @@ try {
       'slow',
     );
   });
-  const deadline = Date.now() + 15000;
-  while (!pending && Date.now() < deadline)
-    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 50));
+  await until(() => pending, {
+    timeoutMs: 15000,
+    label: 'pending pack transport',
+  });
   check('pending transport reached', !!pending);
   const cancelled = await page.evaluate(async () => {
     const d = window.__godsEyeView.sceneDirector;
@@ -354,6 +349,6 @@ try {
   if (errors.length)
     console.error(errors.map((e) => e.replace(/https?:\/\/\S+/g, '[URL]')));
 } finally {
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
 }
 if (failures) process.exitCode = 1;
diff --git a/scripts/qa-director-sharing.mjs b/scripts/qa-director-sharing.mjs
index 4a4a93d48..c9979b1ac 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-director-sharing.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-director-sharing.mjs
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
 /** Sharing/authoring acceptance with local synthetic assets and real installed controls. */
+import { whenSettled, whenTilesLoaded } from './qa/ready.mjs';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 const output = path.resolve('qa-shots/director-sharing');
 fs.mkdirSync(output, { recursive: true });
 const geometry = {
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ const project = {
 };
 const file = path.join(output, 'project.json');
 fs.writeFileSync(file, JSON.stringify(project));
-const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
+const browser = await launchBrowser({
   headless: true,
   args: ['--no-sandbox', '--disable-dev-shm-usage'],
 });
@@ -110,12 +111,10 @@ try {
     `${process.env.QA_BASE_URL || 'http://localhost:4173'}/?welcome=0`,
     { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' },
   );
-  await page.waitForFunction(
-    () =>
-      window.__godsEyeView?.sceneDirector &&
-      document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'),
-    { timeout: 60000 },
-  );
+  await page.waitForFunction(() => window.__godsEyeView?.sceneDirector, {
+    timeout: 60000,
+  });
+  await whenSettled(page);
   await page.click('[data-collapse-target="scene-panel"]');
   const before = await page.evaluate(() =>
     JSON.stringify(window.__godsEyeView.sceneDirector._project),
@@ -304,16 +303,14 @@ try {
           window.__godsEyeView.sceneDirector.getInteractionState().count === 1,
       )),
   );
-  await page.waitForFunction(
-    () => window.__godsEyeView.tileset?.tilesLoaded === true,
-    { timeout: 60000 },
-  );
+  await whenTilesLoaded(page, { timeoutMs: 60000 });
   await page.screenshot({ path: path.join(output, 'rendered.png') });
   fs.writeFileSync(
     path.join(output, 'report.json'),
     JSON.stringify(
       await page.evaluate(() => ({
-        tilesSettled: window.__godsEyeView.tileset?.tilesLoaded === true,
+        tilesSettled:
+          window.__godsEyeView.engine.surface.tilesLoaded() === true,
       })),
     ),
   );
@@ -480,6 +477,6 @@ try {
   );
   check('no uncaught browser errors', errors.length === 0);
 } finally {
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
 }
 process.exitCode = failures ? 1 : 0;
diff --git a/scripts/qa-director-timing.mjs b/scripts/qa-director-timing.mjs
index 27f5705ff..aae5129d4 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-director-timing.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-director-timing.mjs
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
 /** Exercise scene-clock ownership and authored seek behavior in the composed browser app. */
+import { whenSettled } from './qa/ready.mjs';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 const shots = path.resolve('qa-shots/director-timing');
 fs.mkdirSync(shots, { recursive: true });
-const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
+const browser = await launchBrowser({
   headless: true,
   args: ['--no-sandbox', '--disable-dev-shm-usage'],
 });
@@ -23,12 +24,10 @@ try {
     `${process.env.QA_BASE_URL || 'http://localhost:4173'}/?welcome=0`,
     { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' },
   );
-  await page.waitForFunction(
-    () =>
-      window.__godsEyeView?.sceneDirector &&
-      document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'),
-    { timeout: 60000 },
-  );
+  await page.waitForFunction(() => window.__godsEyeView?.sceneDirector, {
+    timeout: 60000,
+  });
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const result = await page.evaluate(async () => {
     const director = window.__godsEyeView.sceneDirector;
     const camera = director.styleManager.getCameraState();
@@ -172,7 +171,7 @@ try {
     'existing Nepal scene and authored shots load',
     content.exists && content.shots >= 25 && content.loaded,
   );
-  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 2500));
+  await whenSettled(page);
   await page.screenshot({ path: path.join(shots, 'nepal-regional.png') });
   await page.evaluate(() => {
     const g = window.__godsEyeView;
@@ -184,7 +183,7 @@ try {
       pitch: -55,
     });
   });
-  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1000));
+  await whenSettled(page);
   await page.screenshot({ path: path.join(shots, 'nepal-angle.png') });
   check(
     'no pending clocks after Stop',
@@ -196,6 +195,6 @@ try {
   );
   check('no browser exceptions', errors.length === 0);
 } finally {
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
 }
 if (failures) process.exitCode = 1;
diff --git a/scripts/qa-draw-tool.mjs b/scripts/qa-draw-tool.mjs
index 135ca035a..fef6ebc46 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-draw-tool.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-draw-tool.mjs
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
+// Cesium-only probes: the stock input action and DataSource counts verify Cesium input restoration.
+import { evaluateWithGeo } from './qa/geometry.mjs';
 /** Rendered acceptance for UTILITIES ▸ Draw: real clicks, real keys, real teardown. */
+import { whenSettled, whenTilesLoaded } from './qa/ready.mjs';
+import { launchBrowser, closeBrowser } from './qa/browser.mjs';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 import { chromeExecutablePath } from './qa-chrome.mjs';
 
 const BASE_URL = process.env.QA_BASE_URL || 'http://localhost:4173';
@@ -19,21 +22,14 @@ const VIEW = {
   pitch: -85,
 };
 
-const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
-  headless: !HEADFUL,
-  ...(HEADFUL
-    ? {
-        executablePath: chromeExecutablePath(),
-      }
-    : {}),
+const browser = await launchBrowser({
+  headless: true,
   args: [
     '--no-sandbox',
     '--disable-background-timer-throttling',
     '--disable-renderer-backgrounding',
     ...(HEADFUL ? ['--window-size=1280,860'] : []),
-    ...(process.platform === 'darwin'
-      ? ['--use-angle=metal', '--enable-gpu']
-      : ['--use-gl=angle', '--use-angle=swiftshader']),
+    ...(process.platform === 'darwin' ? ['--enable-gpu'] : []),
   ],
 });
 const page = await browser.newPage();
@@ -68,7 +64,6 @@ const shot = (name) =>
     type: 'jpeg',
     quality: 82,
   });
-const wait = (ms) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
 
 /** A clip of the globe canvas, clear of the panels on every side. */
 const CANVAS_CLIP = { x: 340, y: 200, width: 560, height: 380 };
@@ -163,7 +158,7 @@ async function pressFinish() {
 /** One click on the globe canvas, the way a person makes one. */
 async function clickWorld(x, y, options = {}) {
   await page.mouse.click(x, y, options);
-  await wait(options.settle ?? 140);
+  await whenSettled(page);
 }
 
 const drawState = () =>
@@ -211,50 +206,34 @@ try {
     { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' },
   );
   await page.waitForFunction(
-    () =>
-      window.__gevDrawTool &&
-      window.__gevAnnotations &&
-      document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'),
+    () => window.__gevDrawTool && window.__gevAnnotations,
     { timeout: 90_000 },
   );
-  await page.evaluate((view) => {
-    const viewer = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
-    viewer.camera.cancelFlight?.();
-    viewer.scene.tweens?.removeAll?.();
-    viewer.camera.setView({
-      destination: viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian({
-        longitude: (view.lon * Math.PI) / 180,
-        latitude: (view.lat * Math.PI) / 180,
-        height: view.height,
-      }),
-      orientation: {
-        heading: (view.heading * Math.PI) / 180,
-        pitch: (view.pitch * Math.PI) / 180,
-        roll: 0,
-      },
-    });
-    viewer.scene.requestRender();
-  }, VIEW);
-  const settled = await page
-    .waitForFunction(
-      () => {
-        const primitives = window.__godsEyeView.viewer.scene.primitives;
-        for (let index = 0; index < primitives.length; index++) {
-          const primitive = primitives.get(index);
-          if (
-            typeof primitive.tilesLoaded === 'boolean' &&
-            !primitive.tilesLoaded
-          )
-            return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-      },
-      { timeout: 90_000 },
-    )
-    .then(
-      () => true,
-      () => false,
-    );
+  await whenSettled(page);
+  await evaluateWithGeo(
+    page,
+    async (qaGeo, view) => {
+      window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.cancelFlight?.();
+      window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.setView({
+        destination: qaGeo.cartographic.toCartesian({
+          longitude: (view.lon * Math.PI) / 180,
+          latitude: (view.lat * Math.PI) / 180,
+          height: view.height,
+        }),
+        orientation: {
+          heading: (view.heading * Math.PI) / 180,
+          pitch: (view.pitch * Math.PI) / 180,
+          roll: 0,
+        },
+      });
+      window.__godsEyeView.engine.render.request();
+    },
+    VIEW,
+  );
+  const settled = await whenTilesLoaded(page, { timeoutMs: 90_000 }).then(
+    () => true,
+    () => false,
+  );
   check('visible tile content settles before drawing', settled);
 
   // UTILITIES starts collapsed on a first run: open it the way a user does.
@@ -321,9 +300,9 @@ try {
   const before = await drawState();
   for (let cycle = 0; cycle < 3; cycle += 1) {
     await page.click('#draw-toggle');
-    await wait(120);
+    await whenSettled(page);
     await page.click('#draw-toggle');
-    await wait(120);
+    await whenSettled(page);
   }
   const after = await drawState();
   check(
@@ -379,7 +358,7 @@ try {
   await clickWorld(600, 470);
   const beforeBackspace = (await drawState()).vertices;
   await page.keyboard.press('Backspace');
-  await wait(120);
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const afterBackspace = (await drawState()).vertices;
   check(
     'Backspace removes the last vertex only',
@@ -415,7 +394,7 @@ try {
   );
   await page.mouse.click(410, 500, { count: 2 });
   const areaLanded = await waitForMarks(3);
-  await wait(900);
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const afterDoubleClick = await page.evaluate(() =>
     window.__gevAnnotations.count(),
   );
@@ -440,7 +419,7 @@ try {
   await page.click(rowControl(areaId, 'name'));
   await page.keyboard.type('Civic Center block');
   await page.keyboard.press('Enter');
-  await wait(300);
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const areaMark = (await marks()).find(
     (mark) => mark.label === 'Civic Center block',
   );
@@ -453,7 +432,7 @@ try {
     'naming a shape keeps Draw on and the shape in progress untouched',
     (await drawState()).active === true,
   );
-  await wait(1200);
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const amberAfter = await amberPixels();
   check(
     'the finished area actually PAINTS — amber pixels appear on this surface',
@@ -512,32 +491,31 @@ try {
   // Fly-to frames the line by its whole path: once the flight settles, the
   // middle of the line sits near the middle of the view.
   await page.click(rowControl(ids[1], 'fly'));
-  await page
-    .waitForFunction(() => !window.__godsEyeView.viewer.camera._currentFlight, {
-      timeout: 15_000,
-    })
-    .catch(() => {});
-  await wait(300);
-  const framed = await page.evaluate((id) => {
-    const { viewer } = window.__godsEyeView;
-    // No Cesium global in the page: borrow Cartesian3 from a live object.
-    const Cartesian3 = viewer.camera.positionWC.constructor;
-    const mark = window.__gevAnnotations.list().find((m) => m.id === id);
-    const lons = mark.path.map((p) => p.lon);
-    const lats = mark.path.map((p) => p.lat);
-    const middle = Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
-      (Math.min(...lons) + Math.max(...lons)) / 2,
-      (Math.min(...lats) + Math.max(...lats)) / 2,
-    );
-    const at = viewer.scene.cartesianToCanvasCoordinates(middle);
-    const canvas = viewer.scene.canvas;
-    return (
-      at && {
-        dx: Math.abs(at.x - canvas.clientWidth / 2) / canvas.clientWidth,
-        dy: Math.abs(at.y - canvas.clientHeight / 2) / canvas.clientHeight,
-      }
-    );
-  }, ids[1]);
+  await whenSettled(page).catch(() => {});
+  await whenSettled(page);
+  const framed = await evaluateWithGeo(
+    page,
+    async (qaGeo, id) => {
+      // No Cesium global in the page: borrow Cartesian3 from a live object.
+      const Cartesian3 = qaGeo.cartesian3;
+      const mark = window.__gevAnnotations.list().find((m) => m.id === id);
+      const lons = mark.path.map((p) => p.lon);
+      const lats = mark.path.map((p) => p.lat);
+      const middle = Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+        (Math.min(...lons) + Math.max(...lons)) / 2,
+        (Math.min(...lats) + Math.max(...lats)) / 2,
+      );
+      const at = window.__godsEyeView.engine.projector.worldToWindow(middle);
+      const canvas = window.__godsEyeView.engine.host.canvas;
+      return (
+        at && {
+          dx: Math.abs(at.x - canvas.clientWidth / 2) / canvas.clientWidth,
+          dy: Math.abs(at.y - canvas.clientHeight / 2) / canvas.clientHeight,
+        }
+      );
+    },
+    ids[1],
+  );
   check(
     'fly to frames that shape: its middle is near the middle of the view',
     Boolean(framed) && framed.dx < 0.2 && framed.dy < 0.2,
@@ -550,11 +528,11 @@ try {
   await page.click(rowControl(lineId, 'swatch'));
   await page.click(rowControl(lineId, 'color-amber'));
   await markReaches(lineId, { color: 'amber', alpha: 1 });
-  await wait(800);
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const shown = await canvasShot();
   await page.click(rowControl(lineId, 'toggle'));
   await markReaches(lineId, { hidden: true, alpha: 0 });
-  await wait(800);
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const hiddenShot = await canvasShot();
   // Amber the shown line had and the hidden one lost; amber that appears
   // only once it is hidden is noise, and must stay small beside it.
@@ -566,7 +544,7 @@ try {
     `${gone} amber pixels went with the line, ${noise} appeared`,
   );
   await page.click(rowControl(lineId, 'toggle'));
-  await wait(1200);
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const back = await amberOnlyIn(await canvasShot(), hiddenShot);
   check(
     'and paints again when shown',
@@ -581,7 +559,7 @@ try {
   await clickWorld(560, 340);
   check('a new shape is in progress', (await drawState()).vertices === 2);
   await page.keyboard.press('Escape');
-  await wait(150);
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const afterFirstEscape = await drawState();
   check(
     'Escape cancels the shape in progress and stays in draw mode',
@@ -589,7 +567,7 @@ try {
     `vertices ${afterFirstEscape.vertices}, active ${afterFirstEscape.active}`,
   );
   await page.keyboard.press('Escape');
-  await wait(150);
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const afterSecondEscape = await drawState();
   check(
     'a second Escape leaves draw mode and gives the pointer back',
@@ -667,7 +645,7 @@ try {
     );
     await page.keyboard.press('Escape');
     await page.keyboard.press('Escape');
-    await wait(150);
+    await whenSettled(page);
   }
 
   // ── what a reload actually does ─────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -675,12 +653,10 @@ try {
     window.__gevAnnotations.count(),
   );
   await page.reload({ waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' });
-  await page.waitForFunction(
-    () =>
-      window.__gevAnnotations &&
-      document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'),
-    { timeout: 90_000 },
-  );
+  await page.waitForFunction(() => window.__gevAnnotations, {
+    timeout: 90_000,
+  });
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const afterReload = await page.evaluate(() =>
     window.__gevAnnotations.count(),
   );
@@ -722,25 +698,28 @@ try {
   // flight left a low, near-horizontal view there) with a boot flight that can
   // land after a setView: set the view until it holds.
   for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 6; attempt += 1) {
-    await page.evaluate((view) => {
-      const viewer = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
-      viewer.camera.cancelFlight?.();
-      viewer.camera.setView({
-        destination: viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian({
-          longitude: (view.lon * Math.PI) / 180,
-          latitude: (view.lat * Math.PI) / 180,
-          height: view.height,
-        }),
-        orientation: {
-          heading: 0,
-          pitch: (view.pitch * Math.PI) / 180,
-          roll: 0,
-        },
-      });
-    }, VIEW);
-    await wait(2500);
+    await evaluateWithGeo(
+      page,
+      async (qaGeo, view) => {
+        window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.cancelFlight?.();
+        window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.setView({
+          destination: qaGeo.cartographic.toCartesian({
+            longitude: (view.lon * Math.PI) / 180,
+            latitude: (view.lat * Math.PI) / 180,
+            height: view.height,
+          }),
+          orientation: {
+            heading: 0,
+            pitch: (view.pitch * Math.PI) / 180,
+            roll: 0,
+          },
+        });
+      },
+      VIEW,
+    );
+    await whenSettled(page);
     const held = await page.evaluate((view) => {
-      const carto = window.__godsEyeView.viewer.camera.positionCartographic;
+      const carto = window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.pose().cartographic;
       return (
         Math.abs((carto.latitude * 180) / Math.PI - view.lat) < 0.01 &&
         Math.abs((carto.longitude * 180) / Math.PI - view.lon) < 0.01 &&
@@ -767,7 +746,7 @@ try {
   const beforeButtonEnter = await drawState();
   await page.focus('#draw-clear');
   await page.keyboard.press('Enter');
-  await wait(600);
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const afterButtonEnter = await drawState();
   check(
     'Enter on a keyboard-focused button activates the button, it does not finish the shape',
@@ -790,7 +769,7 @@ try {
     await waitForMarks(1),
   );
   await page.click('#draw-clear');
-  await wait(400);
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const cleared = await drawState();
   check(
     'Clear removes every mark from the board',
@@ -815,7 +794,7 @@ try {
     `${degenerateVertices} vertices`,
   );
   await pressFinish();
-  await wait(600);
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const degenerate = await drawState();
   check(
     'three points in a line are refused with a reason, not placed',
@@ -824,20 +803,19 @@ try {
   );
 
   // ── a shape drawn across the antimeridian lands where it was drawn ──────
-  await page.evaluate(() => {
-    const viewer = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
-    viewer.camera.cancelFlight?.();
-    viewer.camera.setView({
-      destination: viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian({
+  await evaluateWithGeo(page, async (qaGeo) => {
+    window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.cancelFlight?.();
+    window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.setView({
+      destination: qaGeo.cartographic.toCartesian({
         longitude: (179.9995 * Math.PI) / 180,
         latitude: 0,
         height: 3000,
       }),
       orientation: { heading: 0, pitch: (-88 * Math.PI) / 180, roll: 0 },
     });
-    viewer.scene.requestRender();
+    window.__godsEyeView.engine.render.request();
   });
-  await wait(2500);
+  await whenSettled(page);
   await page.evaluate(() => {
     const tool = window.__gevDrawTool;
     tool.cancel();
@@ -865,7 +843,7 @@ try {
   await page.evaluate(() => window.__gevAnnotations.clear());
 
   await page.click('#draw-toggle');
-  await wait(200);
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const finalState = await drawState();
   check(
     'leaving draw mode gives back the pointer, the handler and the double-click',
@@ -880,7 +858,7 @@ try {
     () => window.__godsEyeView.viewer.dataSources.length,
   );
   await page.click('#draw-toggle'); // destroy from an ACTIVE session: the harder case
-  await wait(200);
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const destroyed = await page.evaluate(async () => {
     const tool = window.__gevDrawTool;
     const wasActive = tool.active;
@@ -936,7 +914,7 @@ try {
     errors.join(' | '),
   );
 } finally {
-  await browser.close();
+  await closeBrowser(browser);
 }
 console.log(`RESULT: ${failures} failures`);
 process.exitCode = failures ? 1 : 0;
@@ -975,20 +953,23 @@ async function findClickableTarget() {
     .catch(() => null);
 
   if (camera) {
-    await page.evaluate((spot) => {
-      const viewer = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
-      viewer.camera.cancelFlight?.();
-      viewer.camera.setView({
-        destination: viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian({
-          longitude: (spot.lon * Math.PI) / 180,
-          latitude: (spot.lat * Math.PI) / 180,
-          height: 600,
-        }),
-        orientation: { heading: 0, pitch: (-80 * Math.PI) / 180, roll: 0 },
-      });
-      viewer.scene.requestRender();
-    }, camera);
-    await wait(4000);
+    await evaluateWithGeo(
+      page,
+      async (qaGeo, spot) => {
+        window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.cancelFlight?.();
+        window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.setView({
+          destination: qaGeo.cartographic.toCartesian({
+            longitude: (spot.lon * Math.PI) / 180,
+            latitude: (spot.lat * Math.PI) / 180,
+            height: 600,
+          }),
+          orientation: { heading: 0, pitch: (-80 * Math.PI) / 180, roll: 0 },
+        });
+        window.__godsEyeView.engine.render.request();
+      },
+      camera,
+    );
+    await whenSettled(page);
     const spot = await onScreen(['cctv']);
     if (spot) return { ...spot, kind: 'cctv', layer: 'CCTV camera' };
   }
@@ -1021,20 +1002,23 @@ async function findClickableTarget() {
     })
     .catch(() => null);
   if (!site) return null;
-  await page.evaluate((spot) => {
-    const viewer = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
-    viewer.camera.cancelFlight?.();
-    viewer.camera.setView({
-      destination: viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian({
-        longitude: (spot.lon * Math.PI) / 180,
-        latitude: (spot.lat * Math.PI) / 180,
-        height: 2500,
-      }),
-      orientation: { heading: 0, pitch: (-88 * Math.PI) / 180, roll: 0 },
-    });
-    viewer.scene.requestRender();
-  }, site);
-  await wait(4000);
+  await evaluateWithGeo(
+    page,
+    async (qaGeo, spot) => {
+      window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.cancelFlight?.();
+      window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera.setView({
+        destination: qaGeo.cartographic.toCartesian({
+          longitude: (spot.lon * Math.PI) / 180,
+          latitude: (spot.lat * Math.PI) / 180,
+          height: 2500,
+        }),
+        orientation: { heading: 0, pitch: (-88 * Math.PI) / 180, roll: 0 },
+      });
+      window.__godsEyeView.engine.render.request();
+    },
+    site,
+  );
+  await whenSettled(page);
   const spot = await onScreen([
     'local-datacenters-tips',
     'local-datacenters-pins',
diff --git a/scripts/qa-journey-recorder.mjs b/scripts/qa-journey-recorder.mjs
index cefb2c713..b63432a93 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-journey-recorder.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-journey-recorder.mjs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import { execFile } from 'node:child_process';
 import { promisify } from 'node:util';
+import { evaluateWithGeo } from './qa/geometry.mjs';
 
 const execFileAsync = promisify(execFile);
 
@@ -52,8 +53,8 @@ export function frameStats(frames) {
 export async function installFrameProbe(page) {
   await page.evaluate(() => {
     if (window.__gevFrameProbe) return;
-    const { viewer, engine } = window.__godsEyeView;
-    const events = viewer?.scene ?? engine.frames;
+    const { engine } = window.__godsEyeView;
+    const events = engine.frames;
     const probe = { frames: [], started: 0 };
     window.__gevFrameProbe = probe;
     let last = performance.now();
@@ -102,58 +103,25 @@ export function pageNow(page) {
  * @param {number} seconds Flight duration; 0 jumps.
  */
 export async function moveCamera(page, view, seconds) {
-  if (
-    await page.evaluate(() => window.__godsEyeView.engine?.kind === 'navara')
-  ) {
-    await page.evaluate(
-      async (v, duration) => {
-        const geo = await import('/src/geo/index.js');
-        const camera = window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera;
-        camera.cancelFlight();
-        await new Promise((resolve) =>
-          camera.flyTo({
-            destination: geo.cartesian3.fromDegrees(v.lon, v.lat, v.height),
-            orientation: {
-              heading: ((v.heading ?? 0) * Math.PI) / 180,
-              pitch: ((v.pitch ?? -45) * Math.PI) / 180,
-              roll: 0,
-            },
-            duration,
-            maximumHeight: Math.max(v.height, camera.height()),
-            complete: resolve,
-            cancel: resolve,
-          }),
-        );
-      },
-      view,
-      seconds,
-    );
-    return;
-  }
-  await page.evaluate(
-    (v, duration) =>
-      new Promise((resolve) => {
-        const { viewer } = window.__godsEyeView;
-        const C = viewer.camera;
-        C.cancelFlight();
-        C.flyTo({
-          destination: viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian({
-            latitude: (v.lat * Math.PI) / 180,
-            longitude: (v.lon * Math.PI) / 180,
-            height: v.height,
-          }),
+  await evaluateWithGeo(
+    page,
+    async (geo, v, duration) => {
+      const camera = window.__godsEyeView.engine.camera;
+      camera.cancelFlight();
+      await new Promise((resolve) =>
+        camera.flyTo({
+          destination: geo.cartesian3.fromDegrees(v.lon, v.lat, v.height),
           orientation: {
             heading: ((v.heading ?? 0) * Math.PI) / 180,
             pitch: ((v.pitch ?? -45) * Math.PI) / 180,
             roll: 0,
           },
           duration,
-          // Straight, eased motion like a drag or wheel zoom, not an arc.
-          maximumHeight: Math.max(v.height, C.positionCartographic.height),
           complete: resolve,
           cancel: resolve,
-        });
-      }),
+        }),
+      );
+    },
     view,
     seconds,
   );