Hold Cockpit regional news to the last 24 hours, and tell its states apart

Regional News showed "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE" above populated rows and a
static "RECENT" footer over months-old articles. The status banner kept
`display: grid` when hidden, every non-empty answer carried the unavailable
text, and nothing limited or sorted articles by age.

- One window (regionalNewsWindow.js, 24 h): the local proxy asks Google News
  with `when:1d` and GDELT for 24 h, drops undated, older or future-dated
  articles, sorts newest first, and reports newsWindowHours/newsFetchedAt.
- The Cockpit labels four states: fresh (banner hidden, "LAST 24 H"),
  kept after a failed refresh ("CACHED · REFRESH FAILED"), no news in the
  window, and unavailable. The footer lives in the news state, so it
  survives page and tab changes, and the client drops out-of-window rows.
- `.cockpit-brief-status[hidden]` now hides the banner.

src/data/regionalBrief.test.mjs

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import {
+  REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS,
+  googleNewsWindowOperator,
   normalizeRegionalArticles,
+  recentRegionalArticles,
+  regionalNewsWindowHours,
   normalizeRegionalPlace,
   normalizeRegionalWeather,
   regionalDistanceM,
@@ -61,3 +65,37 @@ test('regional distance handles nearby movement and missing positions', () => {
   assert.ok(distance > 11000 && distance < 11200);
   assert.equal(regionalDistanceM(null, null), Infinity);
 });
+
+test('regional news is held to one 24-hour window, newest first, undated dropped', () => {
+  assert.equal(REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS, 24);
+  assert.equal(googleNewsWindowOperator(), 'when:1d');
+  assert.equal(googleNewsWindowOperator(6), 'when:6h');
+  assert.equal(regionalNewsWindowHours('12'), 12);
+  assert.equal(regionalNewsWindowHours(0), 24);
+  assert.equal(regionalNewsWindowHours(undefined), 24);
+  const now = Date.parse('2026-11-04T12:00:00Z');
+  const at = (hours) => new Date(now - hours * 3_600_000).toISOString();
+  const rows = [
+    { title: 'a', publishedAt: at(23) },
+    { title: 'stale', publishedAt: at(25) },
+    { title: 'undated', publishedAt: null },
+    { title: 'garbled', publishedAt: 'not a date' },
+    { title: 'b', publishedAt: at(1) },
+    { title: 'future', publishedAt: at(-2) },
+    { title: 'c', publishedAt: at(5) },
+  ];
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    recentRegionalArticles(rows, { now }).map((row) => row.title),
+    ['b', 'c', 'a'],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    recentRegionalArticles(rows, { now, limit: 2 }).map((row) => row.title),
+    ['b', 'c'],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    recentRegionalArticles(rows, { now, windowHours: 4 }).map((row) => row.title),
+    ['b'],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(recentRegionalArticles([], { now }), []);
+  assert.deepEqual(recentRegionalArticles(undefined, { now }), []);
+});

src/data/regionalModel.js

@@ -55,6 +55,13 @@ export function normalizeRegionalPlace(payload) {
   };
 }
 
+export {
+  REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS,
+  googleNewsWindowOperator,
+  recentRegionalArticles,
+  regionalNewsWindowHours,
+} from './regionalNewsWindow.js';
+
 /** Normalize and deduplicate GDELT ArticleList output without trusting article HTML. */
 export function normalizeRegionalArticles(payload, limit = MAX_ARTICLES) {
   const rows = Array.isArray(payload?.articles) ? payload.articles : [];

src/data/regionalNewsWindow.js

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/** The regional-news freshness window, shared by the servers and the Cockpit. */
+
+/** At most this many articles answer a regional brief. */
+export const REGIONAL_NEWS_ROWS = 5;
+
+/**
+ * The regional-news freshness window, in hours. The servers ask upstream for
+ * this window, drop anything older and report it as `newsWindowHours`; the
+ * Cockpit labels its list with it.
+ */
+export const REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS = 24;
+
+// A publish time this far ahead of the clock is skew, not a future story.
+const REGIONAL_NEWS_CLOCK_SKEW_MS = 15 * 60_000;
+
+/**
+ * A served window in hours, or the default when it is missing or out of range.
+ * @param {unknown} value
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+export function regionalNewsWindowHours(value) {
+  const hours = Number(value);
+  return Number.isInteger(hours) && hours >= 1 && hours <= 168
+    ? hours
+    : REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The Google News search operator asking for the window: `when:1d` for 24 h.
+ * @param {number} [hours]
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+export function googleNewsWindowOperator(hours = REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS) {
+  const span = regionalNewsWindowHours(hours);
+  return span % 24 === 0 ? `when:${span / 24}d` : `when:${span}h`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The articles published inside the window, newest first, at most `limit`.
+ * An article without a parseable publish time is dropped: nothing shows it is
+ * recent. One dated more than 15 minutes ahead of `now` is dropped too.
+ * @param {Array<{publishedAt?: string|null}>} articles
+ * @param {{now?: number, windowHours?: number, limit?: number}} [options]
+ * @returns {Array<object>}
+ */
+export function recentRegionalArticles(
+  articles,
+  {
+    now = Date.now(),
+    windowHours = REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS,
+    limit = REGIONAL_NEWS_ROWS,
+  } = {},
+) {
+  const oldest = now - regionalNewsWindowHours(windowHours) * 3_600_000;
+  return (Array.isArray(articles) ? articles : [])
+    .map((article) => ({ article, at: Date.parse(article?.publishedAt) }))
+    .filter(
+      ({ at }) =>
+        Number.isFinite(at) &&
+        at >= oldest &&
+        at <= now + REGIONAL_NEWS_CLOCK_SKEW_MS,
+    )
+    .sort((a, b) => b.at - a.at)
+    .slice(0, Math.max(0, limit))
+    .map(({ article }) => article);
+}

src/data/regionalProxy.test.mjs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import createViteConfig, {
   validMilitaryInstallationBox,
   validRegionalPoint,
 } from '../../vite.config.js';
+import { fetchRegionalNews } from '../../server/providers/regional/news.js';
 
 test('missing Google place context is a quiet keyless capability, not a 503', () => {
   assert.deepEqual(keylessGooglePlacesResponse(undefined), {
@@ -113,3 +114,50 @@ test('regional brief treats an all-source outage as total failure', () => {
     news: { status: 'unavailable' },
   }), true);
 });
+
+test('local regional news asks for the last day, drops old and undated items, newest first', async (t) => {
+  const realFetch = globalThis.fetch;
+  t.after(() => { globalThis.fetch = realFetch; });
+  const urls = [];
+  let rss;
+  let gdelt;
+  globalThis.fetch = async (url) => {
+    urls.push(new URL(String(url)));
+    const answer = String(url).includes('news.google') ? rss : gdelt;
+    return typeof answer === 'function' ? answer() : answer.clone();
+  };
+  const at = (hours) => new Date(Date.now() - hours * 3_600_000).toUTCString();
+  const item = (title, date) =>
+    `<item><title>${title}</title><link>https://news.example/${title}</link>${date ? `<pubDate>${date}</pubDate>` : ''}</item>`;
+  rss = new Response(`<rss><channel>${[
+    item('old', at(4 * 24)),
+    item('undated', null),
+    item('day', at(20)),
+    item('hour', at(1)),
+  ].join('')}</channel></rss>`);
+  const place = { locality: 'Austin' };
+  const ready = await fetchRegionalNews(place);
+  assert.equal(urls[0].searchParams.get('q'), 'Austin when:1d');
+  assert.equal(ready.status, 'ready');
+  assert.deepEqual(ready.articles.map((row) => row.title), ['hour', 'day']);
+
+  // Nothing recent in RSS: GDELT is asked for the same 24 h window.
+  rss = new Response(`<rss><channel>${item('old', at(30))}</channel></rss>`);
+  gdelt = Response.json({ articles: [] });
+  urls.length = 0;
+  const empty = await fetchRegionalNews(place);
+  assert.equal(urls[1].searchParams.get('timespan'), '24h');
+  assert.deepEqual(empty, { status: 'empty', query: 'Austin', articles: [], source: 'GDELT fallback' });
+
+  // RSS answered with nothing recent and GDELT failed: still a true empty.
+  rss = new Response('<rss><channel></channel></rss>');
+  gdelt = () => Promise.reject(new TypeError('network'));
+  assert.equal((await fetchRegionalNews(place)).status, 'empty');
+
+  // Neither source answered, or no place: unavailable.
+  rss = () => Promise.resolve(new Response('busy', { status: 503 }));
+  const failed = await fetchRegionalNews(place);
+  assert.equal(failed.status, 'unavailable');
+  assert.deepEqual(failed.articles, []);
+  assert.equal((await fetchRegionalNews(null)).status, 'unavailable');
+});

src/i18n/locales/ar.json

@@ -388,11 +388,12 @@
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "المكان / الأحوال / الموضع",
   "POSITION UNAVAILABLE": "الموضع غير متاح",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "الأخبار الإقليمية غير متاحة",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "مخزنة · فشل التحديث",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "المنطقة غير متاحة",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "لا توجد تقارير حديثة مطابقة للموقع",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "لا أخبار خلال آخر {hours} س",
   "SOURCE": "المصدر",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · استعلام الموقع",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · مخزنة {age}",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "الوقت غير معروف",
   "{count}M AGO": "قبل {count} د",
   "{count}H AGO": "قبل {count} س",
@@ -2194,7 +2195,7 @@
   "ADS-B PRIORITY · {status}": "أولوية ADS-B · {status}",
   "ADS-B EMERGENCY · {status}": "طوارئ ADS-B · {status}",
   "{aircraftClass} · {emergency} · {feedState}": "{aircraftClass} · {emergency} · {feedState}",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · استعلام الموقع · حديث",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · آخر {hours} س",
   "Rendered globe frames per second · toggle with `": "إطارات الكرة الأرضية المعروضة في الثانية · بدّل بالمفتاح `",
   "Ground heights could not be refreshed. Try the file again when the map has loaded.": "تعذّر تحديث ارتفاعات الأرض. أعد استيراد الملف بعد تحميل الخريطة.",
   "{count} map objects": {

src/i18n/locales/de.json

@@ -399,13 +399,14 @@
   "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "Briefing-Seiten automatisch alle 9 Sekunden wechseln (Signale → News → Lokal). Pausiert, solange sich der Mauszeiger über dem Bereich befindet oder dieser den Fokus hat. Live-Signaldaten werden in beiden Fällen laufend aktualisiert.",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "REGIONALE NEWS WERDEN ERFASST",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "REGIONALE NEWS NICHT VERFÜGBAR",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "CACHE · AKTUALISIERUNG FEHLGESCHLAGEN",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "REGION WIRD ERMITTELT",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "REGION NICHT VERFÜGBAR",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "KEINE AKTUELLEN ORTSTREFFER",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "KEINE NEWS IN DEN LETZTEN {hours} H",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "WOLKEN {pct} %",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "WOLKEN UNBEKANNT",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · ORTSABFRAGE",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · CACHE {age}",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "REGIONALE NEWS",
   "CONTEXT STANDBY": "KONTEXT STANDBY",
   "ENABLE GLOBAL CONTEXT FOR PROXIMITY PINGS": "GLOBALEN KONTEXT FÜR NÄHE-PINGS AKTIVIEREN",
@@ -2094,7 +2095,7 @@
   "ADS-B PRIORITY · {status}": "ADS-B-PRIORITÄT · {status}",
   "ADS-B EMERGENCY · {status}": "ADS-B-NOTFALL · {status}",
   "{aircraftClass} · {emergency} · {feedState}": "{aircraftClass} · {emergency} · {feedState}",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · ORTSABFRAGE · AKTUELL",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · LETZTE {hours} H",
   "Rendered globe frames per second · toggle with `": "Gerenderte Globus-Frames pro Sekunde · umschalten mit `",
   "Ground heights could not be refreshed. Try the file again when the map has loaded.": "Geländehöhen konnten nicht aktualisiert werden. Die Datei erneut laden, wenn die Karte geladen ist.",
   "{count} map objects": {

src/i18n/locales/es.json

@@ -274,11 +274,12 @@
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "LUGAR / CLIMA / POSICIÓN",
   "POSITION UNAVAILABLE": "POSICIÓN NO DISPONIBLE",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "NOTICIAS DE ZONA NO DISPONIBLES",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "EN CACHÉ · ERROR AL ACTUALIZAR",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "REGIÓN NO DISPONIBLE",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "SIN COINCIDENCIAS RECIENTES DE UBICACIÓN",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "SIN NOTICIAS EN LAS ÚLTIMAS {hours} H",
   "SOURCE": "FUENTE",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · CONSULTA POR UBICACIÓN",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · EN CACHÉ {age}",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "HORA DESCONOCIDA",
   "{count}M AGO": "HACE {count} MIN",
   "{count}H AGO": "HACE {count} H",
@@ -1923,7 +1924,7 @@
   "MILITARY FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE": "FUENTE MILITAR DESACTIVADA · PANORAMA PARCIAL",
   "FLIGHTS FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE": "FUENTE DE VUELOS DESACTIVADA · PANORAMA PARCIAL",
   "NEARBY AIRCRAFT INCOMPLETE · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "AERONAVES CERCANAS INCOMPLETAS · NO IMPLICA TODO DESPEJADO",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · CONSULTA POR UBICACIÓN · RECIENTE",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · ÚLTIMAS {hours} H",
   "ft": "ft",
   "kts": "kn",
   "PAUSE": "PAUSA",

src/i18n/locales/fr.json

@@ -1649,14 +1649,15 @@
   "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "Faire défiler automatiquement les pages du briefing toutes les 9 secondes (Signaux → Actus → Local). Pause pendant le survol ou quand le panneau a le focus. Les signaux en direct s'actualisent en continu dans les deux cas.",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "ACQUISITION DES ACTUS RÉGIONALES",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "ACTUS RÉGIONALES INDISPONIBLES",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "EN CACHE · ÉCHEC DE L’ACTUALISATION",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "IDENTIFICATION DE LA RÉGION",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "RÉGION INDISPONIBLE",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "AUCUNE ACTU RÉCENTE POUR CE LIEU",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "AUCUNE ACTU CES {hours} DERNIÈRES H",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
   "{value} KM/H": "{value} KM/H",
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "NÉBULOSITÉ {pct} %",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "NÉBULOSITÉ INCONNUE",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · REQUÊTE DE LIEU",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · EN CACHE {age}",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "ACTUS RÉGIONALES",
   "{label} · {radius} AIR/SEA WINDOW": "{label} · AIR/MER {radius}",
   "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS : {coverage}",
@@ -1716,7 +1717,7 @@
   "OBSERVED / MAPPED PINGS": "PINGS OBSERVÉS / CARTOGRAPHIÉS",
   "SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS": "ÉVÉNEMENTS SOURCÉS · AUCUNE ACTU SYNTHÉTIQUE",
   "LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING": "DERNIÈRES ACTUS LIÉES AU LIEU",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · REQUÊTE DE LIEU · RÉCENT",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · {hours} DERNIÈRES H",
   "LOCAL INFO": "INFOS LOCALES",
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "LIEU / CONDITIONS / POSITION",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "HEURE INCONNUE",

src/i18n/locales/it.json

@@ -1649,14 +1649,15 @@
   "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "Scorri automaticamente le pagine del briefing ogni 9 secondi (Segnali → Notizie → Locale). Lo scorrimento si interrompe quando passi sul pannello o lo selezioni. I dati dei segnali live si aggiornano comunque di continuo.",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "ACQUISIZIONE NOTIZIE REGIONALI",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "NOTIZIE REGIONALI NON DISPONIBILI",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "IN CACHE · AGGIORNAMENTO NON RIUSCITO",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "IDENTIFICAZIONE REGIONE",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "REGIONE NON DISPONIBILE",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "NESSUNA CORRISPONDENZA RECENTE PER POSIZIONE",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "NESSUNA NOTIZIA NELLE ULTIME {hours} H",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
   "{value} KM/H": "{value} KM/H",
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "NUVOLE {pct}%",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "NUVOLE N/D",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · QUERY PER POSIZIONE",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · IN CACHE {age}",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "NOTIZIE REGIONALI",
   "{label} · {radius} AIR/SEA WINDOW": "{label} · ARIA/MARE {radius}",
   "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · SITI {coverage}",
@@ -1716,7 +1717,7 @@
   "OBSERVED / MAPPED PINGS": "PING OSSERVATI / MAPPATI",
   "SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS": "EVENTI DA FONTI · NESSUNA NOTIZIA SINTETICA",
   "LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING": "ULTIME NOTIZIE PER POSIZIONE",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · QUERY PER POSIZIONE · RECENTI",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · ULTIME {hours} H",
   "LOCAL INFO": "INFO LOCALI",
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "LUOGO / CONDIZIONI / POSIZIONE",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "ORA SCONOSCIUTA",

src/i18n/locales/ja.json

@@ -1601,14 +1601,15 @@
   "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "9秒ごとにブリーフィングページを自動で切り替えます（シグナル → ニュース → ローカル）。パネルにカーソルを合わせるかフォーカスしている間は一時停止します。ライブシグナルのデータは、どちらの場合も継続的に更新されます。",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "地域ニュースを取得中",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "地域ニュースを取得できません",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "キャッシュ · 更新失敗",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "地域を特定中",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "地域を取得できません",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "この地域の最近のニュースなし",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "過去{hours}時間のニュースなし",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
   "{value} KM/H": "{value} km/h",
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "雲量 {pct}%",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "雲量不明",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · 位置クエリ",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · キャッシュ {age}",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "地域ニュース",
   "{label} · {radius} AIR/SEA WINDOW": "{label} · 航空機/船舶の範囲 {radius}",
   "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · 施設 {coverage}",
@@ -1666,7 +1667,7 @@
   "OBSERVED / MAPPED PINGS": "観測 / マップ済みピング",
   "SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS": "出典付きイベントのみ · 合成ニュースなし",
   "LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING": "位置に一致する最新の報道",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · 位置クエリ · 最近",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · 過去{hours}時間",
   "LOCAL INFO": "ローカル情報",
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "場所 / 天候 / 位置",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "時刻不明",

src/i18n/locales/pt.json

@@ -1649,14 +1649,15 @@
   "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "Alternar as páginas do briefing automaticamente a cada 9 segundos (Sinais → Notícias → Local). A alternância pausa enquanto você passa o mouse ou foca o painel. Os dados de sinais ao vivo continuam sendo atualizados de qualquer forma.",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "OBTENDO NOTÍCIAS DA ÁREA",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "NOTÍCIAS DA ÁREA INDISPONÍVEIS",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "EM CACHE · FALHA AO ATUALIZAR",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "IDENTIFICANDO REGIÃO",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "REGIÃO INDISPONÍVEL",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "NENHUMA CORRESPONDÊNCIA RECENTE COM O LOCAL",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "SEM NOTÍCIAS NAS ÚLTIMAS {hours} H",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
   "{value} KM/H": "{value} KM/H",
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "NUVENS {pct}%",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "NEBULOSIDADE DESCONHECIDA",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · CONSULTA POR LOCAL",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · EM CACHE {age}",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "NOTÍCIAS DA ÁREA",
   "{label} · {radius} AIR/SEA WINDOW": "{label} · AR/MAR {radius}",
   "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · INSTALAÇÕES: {coverage}",
@@ -1716,7 +1717,7 @@
   "OBSERVED / MAPPED PINGS": "PINGS OBSERVADOS / MAPEADOS",
   "SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS": "EVENTOS COM FONTE · SEM NOTÍCIAS SINTÉTICAS",
   "LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING": "ÚLTIMAS NOTÍCIAS DO LOCAL",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · CONSULTA POR LOCAL · RECENTE",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · ÚLTIMAS {hours} H",
   "LOCAL INFO": "INFO LOCAL",
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "LUGAR / CONDIÇÕES / POSIÇÃO",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "HORA DESCONHECIDA",

src/i18n/locales/ru.json

@@ -366,10 +366,11 @@
   "OVERCAST": "ПАСМУРНО",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "ЗАГРУЗКА РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ НОВОСТЕЙ",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ НОВОСТИ НЕДОСТУПНЫ",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "КЭШ · ОБНОВЛЕНИЕ НЕ УДАЛОСЬ",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ РЕГИОНА",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "РЕГИОН НЕДОСТУПЕН",
   "FOG": "ТУМАН",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "НЕТ СВЕЖИХ СОВПАДЕНИЙ ПО МЕСТУ",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "НЕТ НОВОСТЕЙ ЗА {hours} Ч",
   "DRIZZLE": "МОРОСЬ",
   "RAIN": "ДОЖДЬ",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
@@ -381,7 +382,7 @@
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "ОБЛАЧНОСТЬ {pct}%",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "ОБЛАЧНОСТЬ НЕИЗВЕСТНА",
   "MIXED CONDITIONS": "СМЕШАННЫЕ УСЛОВИЯ",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · ЗАПРОС ПО МЕСТУ",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · КЭШ {age}",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "НОВОСТИ РЕГИОНА",
   "CYCLE ON": "АВТО: ВКЛ",
   "CYCLE OFF": "АВТО: ВЫКЛ",
@@ -1956,7 +1957,7 @@
   "MILITARY FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE": "ВОЕННЫЙ ПОТОК ВЫКЛ · КАРТИНА НЕПОЛНАЯ",
   "FLIGHTS FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE": "ПОТОК РЕЙСОВ ВЫКЛ · КАРТИНА НЕПОЛНАЯ",
   "NEARBY AIRCRAFT INCOMPLETE · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "БЛИЖНИЕ ВОЗДУШНЫЕ СУДА: ДАННЫЕ НЕПОЛНЫЕ · ОТСУТСТВИЕ УГРОЗ НЕ ПОДТВЕРЖДЕНО",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · ЗАПРОС ПО МЕСТУ · НЕДАВНИЕ",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · ЗА {hours} Ч",
   "ft": "фт",
   "kts": "уз",
   "PAUSE": "ПАУЗА",

src/i18n/locales/uk.json

@@ -1672,14 +1672,15 @@
   "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "Автоматично гортає сторінки брифінгу кожні 9 секунд (Сигнали → Новини → Місцеві дані). Пауза, доки ви наводите вказівник на панель або вона у фокусі. Дані сигналів у реальному часі однаково оновлюються безперервно.",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "ОТРИМАННЯ РЕГІОНАЛЬНИХ НОВИН",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ НОВИНИ НЕДОСТУПНІ",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "КЕШ · ОНОВЛЕННЯ НЕ ВДАЛОСЯ",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ РЕГІОНУ",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "РЕГІОН НЕДОСТУПНИЙ",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "НЕМАЄ СВІЖИХ ЗБІГІВ ЗА РОЗТАШУВАННЯМ",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "НЕМАЄ НОВИН ЗА {hours} ГОД",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
   "{value} KM/H": "{value} КМ/ГОД",
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "ХМАРНІСТЬ {pct}%",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "ХМАРНІСТЬ НЕВІДОМА",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · ЗАПИТ ЗА РОЗТАШУВАННЯМ",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · КЕШ {age}",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ НОВИНИ",
   "{label} · {radius} AIR/SEA WINDOW": "{label} · РЕЙСИ / СУДНА · РАДІУС {radius}",
   "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · ОБʼЄКТИ: {coverage}",
@@ -1740,7 +1741,7 @@
   "OBSERVED / MAPPED PINGS": "СПОСТЕРЕЖЕНІ / НАНЕСЕНІ КОНТАКТИ",
   "SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS": "ПОДІЇ ПІДТВЕРДЖЕНІ ДЖЕРЕЛАМИ · БЕЗ ІМІТОВАНИХ НОВИН",
   "LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING": "ОСТАННІ ПУБЛІКАЦІЇ ЗА РОЗТАШУВАННЯМ",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · ЗАПИТ ЗА РОЗТАШУВАННЯМ · НЕЩОДАВНІ",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · ЗА {hours} ГОД",
   "LOCAL INFO": "МІСЦЕВІ ДАНІ",
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "МІСЦЕ / УМОВИ / ПОЗИЦІЯ",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "ЧАС НЕВІДОМИЙ",

src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json

@@ -1577,14 +1577,15 @@
   "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "每 9 秒自动轮换简报页面（信号 → 新闻 → 本地）。悬停或聚焦面板时暂停。无论是否轮换，实时信号数据都会持续刷新。",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "正在获取地区新闻",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "地区新闻不可用",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "缓存 · 刷新失败",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "正在解析区域",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "区域不可用",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "暂无近期位置匹配结果",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "过去 {hours} 小时无新闻",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
   "{value} KM/H": "{value} km/h",
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "云量 {pct}%",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "云量未知",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · 位置查询",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · 缓存 {age}",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "地区新闻",
   "{label} · {radius} AIR/SEA WINDOW": "{label} · {radius} 空/海监视窗口",
   "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · 设施 {coverage}",
@@ -1642,7 +1643,7 @@
   "OBSERVED / MAPPED PINGS": "观测 / 地图标注目标",
   "SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS": "来源可查的事件 · 无合成新闻",
   "LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING": "当前地区最新报道",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · 位置查询 · 近期",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · 过去 {hours} 小时",
   "LOCAL INFO": "本地信息",
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "地点 / 状况 / 位置",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "时间未知",

src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json

@@ -1567,14 +1567,15 @@
   "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "每 9 秒自動輪換簡報頁面（信號 → 新聞 → 本地）。懸停或聚焦面板時暫停。無論是否輪換，實時信號數據都會持續刷新。",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "正在獲取地區新聞",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "地區新聞不可用",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "快取 · 重新整理失敗",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "正在解析區域",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "區域不可用",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "暫無近期位置匹配結果",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "過去 {hours} 小時無新聞",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
   "{value} KM/H": "{value} km/h",
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "雲量 {pct}%",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "雲量未知",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · 位置查詢",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · 快取 {age}",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "地區新聞",
   "{label} · {radius} AIR/SEA WINDOW": "{label} · {radius} 空/海監視窗口",
   "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · 設施 {coverage}",
@@ -1632,7 +1633,7 @@
   "OBSERVED / MAPPED PINGS": "觀測 / 地圖標註目標",
   "SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS": "來源可查的事件 · 無合成新聞",
   "LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING": "當前地區最新報道",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · 位置查詢 · 近期",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · 過去 {hours} 小時",
   "LOCAL INFO": "本地信息",
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "地點 / 狀況 / 位置",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "時間未知",

src/ui/cockpitBriefPages.js

@@ -1,9 +1,29 @@
 /**
  * The Cockpit briefing's pages and the state it starts in. It needs only the
- * i18n module, so the controller and the view can both read it.
+ * i18n module and the regional-news window, so the controller and the view
+ * can both read it.
  */
+import { REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS } from '../data/regionalNewsWindow.js';
 import { msg, t } from '../i18n/index.js';
 
+// i18n-ignore: provider name
+/** The news feed named before any briefing has answered. */
+export const DEFAULT_NEWS_SOURCE = 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS';
+
+/**
+ * The Regional News footer for a fresh, empty or unavailable list: the feed
+ * and the window its articles are held to.
+ * @param {string} [source]
+ * @param {number} [hours]
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+export function newsWindowFooter(
+  source = DEFAULT_NEWS_SOURCE,
+  hours = REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS,
+) {
+  return t('{source} · LAST {hours} H', { source, hours });
+}
+
 export const COCKPIT_BRIEF_PAGES = [
   {
     id: 'signals',
@@ -15,8 +35,7 @@ export const COCKPIT_BRIEF_PAGES = [
     id: 'news',
     kickerKey: msg('REGIONAL NEWS'),
     subtitleKey: msg('LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING'),
-    sourceKey: msg('{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT'),
-    sourceName: 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS', // i18n-ignore: provider name
+    // The news footer comes from the news state (`news.footer`), not here.
   },
   {
     id: 'local',
@@ -60,6 +79,7 @@ export function createBriefState() {
       statusHidden: false,
       state: null,
       status: t('ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS'),
+      footer: newsWindowFooter(),
       articles: [],
     },
     local: {

src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js

@@ -12,7 +12,14 @@ import {
   COCKPIT_BRIEF_PAGES,
   CYCLE_HELP_KEYS,
   createBriefState,
+  newsWindowFooter,
 } from './cockpitBriefPages.js';
+import {
+  recentRegionalArticles,
+  regionalNewsWindowHours,
+} from '../data/regionalNewsWindow.js';
+
+const NEWS_ROWS = 4;
 
 // regionalModel.weatherCodeLabel is shared with node code and returns
 // English; translate it here.
@@ -52,9 +59,13 @@ export function showBriefPage(index, { manual = false } = {}) {
     kicker: t(page.kickerKey),
     subtitle: t(page.subtitleKey),
     position: `${this.briefPageIndex + 1} / ${count}`,
-    source: page.sourceKey
-      ? t(page.sourceKey, { source: page.sourceName })
-      : page.source,
+    // The news footer follows the news state, so it survives page changes.
+    source:
+      page.id === 'news'
+        ? this.brief.news.footer
+        : page.sourceKey
+          ? t(page.sourceKey)
+          : page.source,
   });
   this.publishBriefView();
   if (manual && this.briefAutoRotateEnabled)
@@ -196,8 +207,8 @@ export function maybeRefreshRegionalBrief(info) {
         subjectId !== this.regionalBriefSubjectId
       )
         return;
-      this.regionalBrief = payload;
-      this.renderRegionalBrief(payload, info);
+      this.regionalBrief = withCachedNews(payload, this.regionalBrief);
+      this.renderRegionalBrief(this.regionalBrief, info);
     })
     .catch((error) => {
       if (
@@ -206,7 +217,11 @@ export function maybeRefreshRegionalBrief(info) {
         requestToken === this.regionalBriefRequestToken &&
         subjectId === this.regionalBriefSubjectId
       ) {
-        this.renderRegionalBriefStatus('unavailable', info);
+        if (this.regionalBrief) {
+          const previous = this.regionalBrief;
+          this.regionalBrief = cachedNews(previous, previous);
+          this.renderRegionalBrief(this.regionalBrief, info);
+        } else this.renderRegionalBriefStatus('unavailable', info);
       }
     })
     .finally(() => {
@@ -215,6 +230,75 @@ export function maybeRefreshRegionalBrief(info) {
     });
 }
 
+/**
+ * A brief whose news comes from `previous` after a refresh that brought none:
+ * the earlier articles stay, marked `cached` so they are labelled as such.
+ * @param {object} payload The brief to keep everything else from.
+ * @param {object} previous The last brief rendered for this subject.
+ */
+function cachedNews(payload, previous) {
+  return {
+    ...payload,
+    newsStatus: 'cached',
+    newsSource: previous.newsSource,
+    newsWindowHours: previous.newsWindowHours,
+    newsFetchedAt: previous.newsFetchedAt ?? previous.retrievedAt ?? null,
+    articles: previous.articles,
+  };
+}
+
+// A refresh whose news read failed keeps the articles from before it.
+function withCachedNews(payload, previous) {
+  return previous && payload?.newsStatus === 'unavailable'
+    ? cachedNews(payload, previous)
+    : payload;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The Regional News state a brief presents. `ready` and `cached` have rows
+ * inside the window; `cached` is a refresh that failed (a client-side failure,
+ * or the local proxy's `stale` answer). `empty` is a source that answered with
+ * nothing in the window; anything else is `unavailable`.
+ * @returns {{state: string, status: string, footer: string, articles: object[]}}
+ */
+function regionalNewsView(payload) {
+  const hours = regionalNewsWindowHours(payload?.newsWindowHours);
+  // Old caches and the local path are held to the window here too.
+  const articles = recentRegionalArticles(payload?.articles, {
+    windowHours: hours,
+    limit: NEWS_ROWS,
+  });
+  const source = String(
+    payload?.newsSource || t('REGIONAL NEWS'),
+  ).toUpperCase();
+  const refreshFailed =
+    payload?.newsStatus === 'cached' || payload?.status === 'stale';
+  if (articles.length && refreshFailed)
+    return {
+      state: 'cached',
+      status: t('CACHED · REFRESH FAILED'),
+      footer: t('{source} · CACHED {age}', {
+        source,
+        age: formatCockpitBriefAge(
+          payload?.newsFetchedAt ?? payload?.retrievedAt,
+        ),
+      }),
+      articles,
+    };
+  const answered =
+    !refreshFailed && ['ready', 'empty'].includes(payload?.newsStatus);
+  return {
+    state: articles.length ? 'ready' : answered ? 'empty' : 'unavailable',
+    status: articles.length
+      ? ''
+      : answered
+        ? t('NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H', { hours })
+        : t('REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE'),
+    footer: newsWindowFooter(source, hours),
+    articles,
+  };
+}
+
 export function renderRegionalBriefStatus(status, info) {
   const { news, local } = this.brief;
   news.statusHidden = false;
@@ -223,7 +307,10 @@ export function renderRegionalBriefStatus(status, info) {
     status === 'loading'
       ? t('ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS')
       : t('REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE');
-  if (status === 'unavailable') news.articles = [];
+  news.footer = newsWindowFooter();
+  // Only called with no brief for this subject: any rows are another's.
+  news.articles = [];
+  if (this.briefPageIndex === 1) this.brief.source = news.footer;
   if (status === 'loading') local.place = t('RESOLVING REGION');
   if (status === 'unavailable') local.place = t('REGION UNAVAILABLE');
   local.coordinates = localCoordinates(info);
@@ -231,7 +318,7 @@ export function renderRegionalBriefStatus(status, info) {
 }
 
 export function renderRegionalBrief(payload, info) {
-  const articles = Array.isArray(payload?.articles) ? payload.articles : [];
+  const { state, status, footer, articles } = regionalNewsView(payload);
   const seen = new Map();
   const storyKey = (url) => {
     const count = seen.get(url) ?? 0;
@@ -244,13 +331,11 @@ export function renderRegionalBrief(payload, info) {
   const placeLabel =
     payload?.place?.label || payload?.place?.country || t('REGION UNAVAILABLE');
   this.brief.news = {
-    statusHidden: articles.length > 0,
-    state: payload?.newsStatus || 'unavailable',
-    status:
-      payload?.newsStatus === 'empty'
-        ? t('NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES')
-        : t('REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE'),
-    articles: articles.slice(0, 4).map((article) => ({
+    statusHidden: state === 'ready',
+    state,
+    status,
+    footer,
+    articles: articles.map((article) => ({
       // A row keeps its node, and so its focus, only for the same story.
       key: storyKey(article.url),
       url: article.url,
@@ -284,11 +369,7 @@ export function renderRegionalBrief(payload, info) {
       : '—',
   };
   this.brief.regionalStatus = payload?.status || 'partial';
-  if (this.briefPageIndex === 1) {
-    this.brief.source = t('{source} · LOCATION QUERY', {
-      source: String(payload?.newsSource || t('REGIONAL NEWS')).toUpperCase(),
-    });
-  }
+  if (this.briefPageIndex === 1) this.brief.source = footer;
   this.publishBriefView();
   this.scheduleContextLayout();
 }

src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs

@@ -3,11 +3,14 @@
 import '../testSupport/registerDom.mjs';
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
 import { createPinia } from 'pinia';
 import { createApp, nextTick } from 'vue';
 import { setLocale } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { createBriefState } from './cockpitBriefPages.js';
 import {
+  maybeRefreshRegionalBrief,
   publishBriefView,
   renderRegionalBrief,
   renderRegionalBriefStatus,
@@ -88,10 +91,7 @@ test('pages, the cycle toggle and the source follow the controller', async (t) =
   await nextTick();
   assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-kicker'), 'REGIONAL NEWS');
   assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-position'), '2 / 3');
-  assert.equal(
-    text('#cockpit-brief-source'),
-    'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT',
-  );
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · LAST 24 H');
   assert.deepEqual(visiblePages(), ['news']);
   assert.deepEqual(current(), ['false', 'true', 'false']);
   assert.equal($('#cockpit-signal-stream').dataset.briefPage, 'news');
@@ -129,7 +129,8 @@ test('regional news and local conditions render what the region returned', async
         url: `https://example.com/${index}`,
         title: `Story ${index}`,
         domain: 'example.com',
-        publishedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+        // Newest first is the shown order, so Story 0 is the newest.
+        publishedAt: new Date(Date.now() - index * 60_000).toISOString(),
       })),
       weather: {
         temperatureC: 21.6,
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ test('regional news and local conditions render what the region returned', async
   assert.equal(text('#cockpit-local-condition'), 'RAIN');
   assert.equal(text('#cockpit-local-cloud'), 'CLOUD 40%');
   assert.equal(text('#cockpit-local-precipitation'), '1.3');
-  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'WIRE · LOCATION QUERY');
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'WIRE · LAST 24 H');
   assert.equal($('#cockpit-signal-stream').dataset.regionalStatus, 'ok');
   renderRegionalBriefStatus.call(owner, 'unavailable', {});
   await nextTick();
@@ -210,26 +211,246 @@ test('a refreshed news list keeps a focused story on its own link', async (t) =>
   assert.equal($('#cockpit-news-list').textContent.includes('Story y'), true);
 });
 
-test('the news source names the feed only while it is current on page 2', async (t) => {
+// This contract changed on purpose: the footer used to fall back to a
+// static "· RECENT" on every page change, which promised nothing. It now
+// follows the news state and names the window it holds articles to.
+test('the news footer follows the news state across page changes, not a static RECENT', async (t) => {
   const { text, owner } = fixture(t);
   showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
-  renderRegionalBrief.call(owner, { newsSource: 'wire', articles: [] }, INFO);
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(
+    owner,
+    { newsStatus: 'ready', newsSource: 'wire', newsWindowHours: 24, articles: [story('a')] },
+    INFO,
+  );
   await nextTick();
-  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'WIRE · LOCATION QUERY');
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'WIRE · LAST 24 H');
   showBriefPage.call(owner, 2);
   showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
   await nextTick();
-  assert.equal(
-    text('#cockpit-brief-source'),
-    'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT',
-  );
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'WIRE · LAST 24 H');
   showBriefPage.call(owner, 0);
-  renderRegionalBrief.call(owner, { newsSource: 'wire', articles: [] }, INFO);
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(
+    owner,
+    { newsStatus: 'ready', newsSource: 'wire', newsWindowHours: 12, articles: [story('a')] },
+    INFO,
+  );
   await nextTick();
+  // Off page 2 the footer is the current page's.
   assert.equal(
     text('#cockpit-brief-source'),
     'SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS',
   );
+  showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'WIRE · LAST 12 H');
+});
+
+test('the news banner is hidden by the stylesheet, not only by the attribute', async (t) => {
+  // happy-dom applies no author CSS by itself, so `hidden` alone proves
+  // nothing: `.cockpit-brief-status { display: grid }` used to beat it.
+  const css = readFileSync(
+    fileURLToPath(new URL('./styles/cockpit.css', import.meta.url)),
+    'utf8',
+  );
+  assert.match(css, /\.cockpit-brief-status\[hidden\]\s*\{\s*display:\s*none;?\s*\}/);
+  const { $, owner } = fixture(t);
+  const style = document.head.appendChild(document.createElement('style'));
+  t.after(() => style.remove());
+  style.textContent = css;
+  showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(owner, { newsStatus: 'ready', articles: [story('a')] }, INFO);
+  await nextTick();
+  const banner = $('#cockpit-news-status');
+  assert.equal(banner.hidden, true);
+  assert.equal(getComputedStyle(banner).display, 'none');
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(owner, { newsStatus: 'empty', articles: [] }, INFO);
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.equal(getComputedStyle(banner).display, 'grid');
+});
+
+const hoursAgo = (hours) => new Date(Date.now() - hours * 3_600_000).toISOString();
+
+test('ready, cached, empty and unavailable each label the news differently', async (t) => {
+  const { $, text, owner } = fixture(t);
+  showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
+  const rows = () =>
+    [...document.querySelectorAll('#cockpit-news-list strong')].map((row) => row.textContent);
+  const banner = () => ({
+    hidden: $('#cockpit-news-status').hidden,
+    state: $('#cockpit-news-status').dataset.state,
+    text: text('#cockpit-news-status'),
+  });
+  const ready = {
+    status: 'ready',
+    newsStatus: 'ready',
+    newsSource: 'Google News RSS',
+    newsWindowHours: 24,
+    newsFetchedAt: hoursAgo(0.5),
+    articles: [story('a'), story('b')],
+  };
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(owner, ready, INFO);
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.equal(banner().hidden, true);
+  assert.equal(banner().state, 'ready');
+  assert.deepEqual(rows(), ['Story a', 'Story b']);
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · LAST 24 H');
+
+  // The local proxy's stale answer is a refresh that failed.
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(owner, { ...ready, status: 'stale' }, INFO);
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.deepEqual(banner(), {
+    hidden: false,
+    state: 'cached',
+    text: 'CACHED · REFRESH FAILED',
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(rows(), ['Story a', 'Story b']);
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · CACHED 30M AGO');
+
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(
+    owner,
+    { ...ready, newsStatus: 'empty', newsSource: 'Google News RSS', articles: [] },
+    INFO,
+  );
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.deepEqual(banner(), {
+    hidden: false,
+    state: 'empty',
+    text: 'NO NEWS IN THE LAST 24 H',
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(rows(), []);
+
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(
+    owner,
+    { ...ready, newsStatus: 'unavailable', newsSource: null, articles: [] },
+    INFO,
+  );
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.deepEqual(banner(), {
+    hidden: false,
+    state: 'unavailable',
+    text: 'REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE',
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(rows(), []);
+});
+
+test('articles outside the window are dropped even when a server sends them', async (t) => {
+  const { $, text, owner } = fixture(t);
+  showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
+  const dated = (id, publishedAt) => ({ ...story(id), publishedAt });
+  // The reported case: 4, 104, 215 and 165 days old under "RECENT".
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(
+    owner,
+    {
+      newsStatus: 'ready',
+      articles: [
+        dated('old', hoursAgo(4 * 24)),
+        dated('older', hoursAgo(104 * 24)),
+        dated('undated', null),
+        dated('one', hoursAgo(20)),
+        dated('two', hoursAgo(2)),
+      ],
+    },
+    INFO,
+  );
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [...document.querySelectorAll('#cockpit-news-list strong')].map((row) => row.textContent),
+    ['Story two', 'Story one'],
+  );
+  assert.equal($('#cockpit-news-status').hidden, true);
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(
+    owner,
+    { newsStatus: 'ready', articles: [dated('old', hoursAgo(25))] },
+    INFO,
+  );
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.equal(document.querySelectorAll('#cockpit-news-list li').length, 0);
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-news-status'), 'NO NEWS IN THE LAST 24 H');
+});
+
+test('a failed refresh keeps the earlier articles as cached, and clears only when there are none', async (t) => {
+  const { $, text, owner } = fixture(t);
+  const answers = [];
+  Object.assign(owner, {
+    active: true,
+    regionalBriefSubjectId: null,
+    regionalBriefAbort: null,
+    regionalBriefRequestToken: 0,
+    regionalBriefFetchedAt: 0,
+    regionalBrief: null,
+    renderRegionalBrief,
+    renderRegionalBriefStatus,
+  });
+  owner.services = {
+    ...owner.services,
+    regionalDistanceM: () => 0,
+    fetchRegionalBrief: () => answers.shift()(),
+  };
+  const refresh = async (answer, info = { ...INFO, icao24: 'abc123' }) => {
+    answers.push(answer);
+    owner.regionalBriefFetchedAt = 0;
+    maybeRefreshRegionalBrief.call(owner, info);
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await nextTick();
+  };
+  const rows = () => document.querySelectorAll('#cockpit-news-list li').length;
+  showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
+
+  // No earlier brief: an error clears and says unavailable.
+  await refresh(() => Promise.reject(new Error('503')));
+  assert.equal($('#cockpit-news-status').dataset.state, 'unavailable');
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-news-status'), 'REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE');
+  assert.equal(rows(), 0);
+
+  const fetchedAt = hoursAgo(1);
+  await refresh(() =>
+    Promise.resolve({
+      status: 'ready',
+      newsStatus: 'ready',
+      newsSource: 'Google News RSS',
+      newsWindowHours: 24,
+      newsFetchedAt: fetchedAt,
+      articles: [story('a'), story('b')],
+    }),
+  );
+  assert.equal($('#cockpit-news-status').hidden, true);
+  assert.equal(rows(), 2);
+
+  // A network failure keeps the rows and says so, with their age.
+  await refresh(() => Promise.reject(new TypeError('Failed to fetch')));
+  assert.equal($('#cockpit-news-status').hidden, false);
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-news-status'), 'CACHED · REFRESH FAILED');
+  assert.equal(rows(), 2);
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · CACHED 1H AGO');
+  showBriefPage.call(owner, 2);
+  showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · CACHED 1H AGO');
+
+  // So does a brief whose news read failed while weather answered.
+  await refresh(() =>
+    Promise.resolve({ status: 'partial', newsStatus: 'unavailable', articles: [] }),
+  );
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-news-status'), 'CACHED · REFRESH FAILED');
+  assert.equal(rows(), 2);
+
+  // A successful refresh clears the cached label; a true empty clears rows.
+  await refresh(() =>
+    Promise.resolve({ status: 'ready', newsStatus: 'empty', newsSource: 'Google News RSS', articles: [] }),
+  );
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-news-status'), 'NO NEWS IN THE LAST 24 H');
+  assert.equal(rows(), 0);
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · LAST 24 H');
+
+  // Another aircraft never inherits the last one's rows.
+  await refresh(() => Promise.resolve({ newsStatus: 'ready', articles: [story('c')] }));
+  assert.equal(rows(), 1);
+  await refresh(
+    () => Promise.reject(new Error('503')),
+    { ...INFO, icao24: 'def456' },
+  );
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-news-status'), 'REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE');
+  assert.equal(rows(), 0);
 });
 
 test('an unchanged position publishes nothing new', (t) => {

src/ui/styles/cockpit.css

@@ -1818,7 +1818,13 @@ html:not([lang='en']) #cockpit-brief-auto {
   letter-spacing: 0.13em;
   text-align: center;
 }
-.cockpit-brief-status[data-state='unavailable'] {
+/* `display: grid` above would otherwise beat the UA [hidden] rule and keep a
+   stale banner over a populated list. */
+.cockpit-brief-status[hidden] {
+  display: none;
+}
+.cockpit-brief-status[data-state='unavailable'],
+.cockpit-brief-status[data-state='cached'] {
   color: #d5a863;
 }
 .cockpit-local-place {