diff --git a/changelog.d/0000-vue-and-pinia.md b/changelog.d/0000-vue-and-pinia.md
index 2de4a80e3..2716cfc38 100644
--- a/changelog.d/0000-vue-and-pinia.md
+++ b/changelog.d/0000-vue-and-pinia.md
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+- The language picker switches language in place instead of reloading the
+  page. Views re-render; code that publishes translated text words it again
+  through `onLocaleChange` (`src/i18n/index.js`), and `<html lang>`/`dir` and
+  the page's `data-i18n` markup follow. `persistLocale` replaces
+  `persistLocaleAndReload`, and `registerUnsavedWork` and the switch's
+  unsaved-work prompt are removed, since a switch no longer loses anything
+  (samehkhamis, #0000).
+
 - The application views translate their text with `t()` as they render,
   so it follows the active locale; they no longer carry `data-i18n*`
   attributes, and `npm run i18n` rejects those in a Vue template. The boot
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index f56875125..85d5f52a2 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -3854,10 +3854,10 @@ Shipped locales: **en** (source and fallback), **de**, **es**, **fr**, **it**, *
   select `zh-Hant`. Explicit `Hans` selects `zh-CN` regardless of region. `?lang=` is not stored, and share links drop
   it, so a recipient keeps their own language. The globe picker in the
   bottom-right corner (`src/ui/localePicker.js`) stores the choice, drops
-  `?lang=` (keeps it only when storage is blocked) and reloads. It asks first
-  when the reload would lose work registered with `registerUnsavedWork`:
-  unsaved keys or CCTV calibration, Draw marks, imported map files, the open
-  cockpit, a voice session.
+  `?lang=` (keeps it only when storage is blocked) and switches in place:
+  views re-render, code that published translated text words it again through
+  `onLocaleChange`, and `<html lang>`/`dir` and the page's `data-i18n` markup
+  follow. Nothing is lost; a toast already on screen keeps its words.
 - **Gate.** `npm run i18n` (and `src/i18n/catalog.test.mjs` under `npm test`)
   extracts every message and fails on missing, empty, unused,
   placeholder-mismatched, still-English (plural forms included) or
diff --git a/docs/I18N.md b/docs/I18N.md
index 3e2fb61d1..0d57f14d5 100644
--- a/docs/I18N.md
+++ b/docs/I18N.md
@@ -47,7 +47,17 @@ Static page markup that no view renders (the loading screen in `index.html`, a h
 <input placeholder="Search any location..." data-i18n-placeholder />
 ```
 
-`data-i18n` replaces the element's text, so put it on the element that directly holds the text, never on a parent with child elements. `data-i18n-title`, `data-i18n-aria-label` and `data-i18n-placeholder` translate that attribute. `data-i18n-context="radio tag"` gives the element's text a context, the catalog entry `radio tag|All`, as `t('All', { context: 'radio tag' })` does in code. Attribute markup is translated once at boot. Switching language still reloads the page: views would follow a new locale, but much of their text is published already translated by code that does not. A module that holds work a reload would lose (an unsaved edit, an open session) registers it with `registerUnsavedWork(() => busy ? msg('unsaved …') : null)` from `src/i18n/index.js`, and the language picker asks before reloading.
+`data-i18n` replaces the element's text, so put it on the element that directly holds the text, never on a parent with child elements. `data-i18n-title`, `data-i18n-aria-label` and `data-i18n-placeholder` translate that attribute. `data-i18n-context="radio tag"` gives the element's text a context, the catalog entry `radio tag|All`, as `t('All', { context: 'radio tag' })` does in code. Markup is translated at boot and again after every language switch.
+
+## Switching language
+
+The language picker switches in place, without a reload. A view that calls `t()` while it renders follows by itself. Code that translates text and hands it on (to a store, a published view object, a layer's state, a DOM node) must word it again when the language changes:
+
+- **Present again.** `onLocaleChange(listener)` from `src/i18n/index.js` calls the listener after each change and returns the function that removes it; call that at teardown. The listener presents the view again from what it keeps, as `layerPanel.js` and `cockpitController.js` do.
+- **Keep the English, translate when presenting.** Store `msg()` text or a function that words it, not its translation: the voice control takes `update(part, { text: () => t('MIC') })`, the scene director's status and the SDR receiver's messages keep such functions, and `imagerySplit.js` takes its titles that way.
+- **Translated constants in a view** go in `computed`, not in a plain `const` set up once.
+
+A toast already on screen keeps its words.
 
 ## Rules
 
diff --git a/docs/TRANSLATORS.md b/docs/TRANSLATORS.md
index f862d8e4c..973f3f618 100644
--- a/docs/TRANSLATORS.md
+++ b/docs/TRANSLATORS.md
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Every other language is one flat JSON file, `src/i18n/locales/<code>.json`, keye
 
 A `tn()` entry is keyed by the English plural form and holds one string per `Intl.PluralRules` category of that language. A missing entry falls back to English.
 
-The page picks its language from `?lang=`, then the choice stored by the language picker (the globe button in the bottom-right corner), then the browser languages, then English. `?lang=` is not stored, and copied share links leave it out. Switching reloads the page.
+The page picks its language from `?lang=`, then the choice stored by the language picker (the globe button in the bottom-right corner), then the browser languages, then English. `?lang=` is not stored, and copied share links leave it out. Switching applies at once, without a reload.
 
 ## The check
 
diff --git a/src/annotations/drawTool.js b/src/annotations/drawTool.js
index 4ba731522..3e6cd9db3 100644
--- a/src/annotations/drawTool.js
+++ b/src/annotations/drawTool.js
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ import {
   removeLastVertex,
 } from './drawMode.js';
 
-import { msg, registerUnsavedWork, t, translateKnown } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { onLocaleChange, t, translateKnown } from '../i18n/index.js';
 /** The id this tool claims the pointer under. */
 const DRAW_POINTER_OWNER = 'draw';
 const PREVIEW_DATA_SOURCE_NAME = 'gev-draw-preview';
@@ -107,17 +107,6 @@ export function initDrawTool({
     target.addEventListener(type, listener, options);
     domListeners.push([target, type, listener, options]);
   };
-  // The board lives only in memory: switching language (a reload) asks first
-  // while it holds a lasting mark or a shape is half drawn.
-  const unregisterUnsavedWork = registerUnsavedWork(() => {
-    if (destroyed) return null;
-    const lasting = (annotations.list?.() || []).some(
-      (mark) => mark && mark.ttlMs == null && !mark.expiring,
-    );
-    return lasting || session?.vertices?.length > 0
-      ? msg('drawings on the map')
-      : null;
-  });
 
   const dataSource = new Cesium.CustomDataSource(PREVIEW_DATA_SOURCE_NAME);
   // `add()` resolves on the NEXT tick, so an init-then-immediate-destroy would
@@ -129,10 +118,17 @@ export function initDrawTool({
   );
 
   const present = () => publish({ active, shape, color, label, hint });
+  // The hint is kept as the call that words it, so a language switch can
+  // word it again.
+  let hintText = () => '';
   const setHint = (text) => {
-    hint = text;
+    hintText = text;
+    hint = text();
     present();
   };
+  const offLocale = onLocaleChange(() => {
+    if (!destroyed) setHint(hintText);
+  });
 
   // ---- preview ---------------------------------------------------------
   const vertexPositions = () =>
@@ -167,7 +163,7 @@ export function initDrawTool({
     previewEntities.length = 0;
     if (!session) {
       previewLine.show = false;
-      setHint(drawHint(null));
+      setHint(() => drawHint(null));
       viewer.scene.requestRender();
       return;
     }
@@ -193,7 +189,7 @@ export function initDrawTool({
         }),
       );
     }
-    setHint(drawHint(session));
+    setHint(() => drawHint(session));
     viewer.scene.requestRender();
   };
 
@@ -216,14 +212,14 @@ export function initDrawTool({
     // A click that changed nothing still deserves an answer when the reason is
     // a limit rather than the harmless tail of a double-click.
     if (reason === 'full')
-      setHint(
+      setHint(() =>
         t(
           'That shape already has {count} points — finish it or press Backspace.',
           { count: MAX_VERTICES },
         ),
       );
     else if (reason === 'invalid')
-      setHint(t('That point is off the globe — click on the world.'));
+      setHint(() => t('That point is off the globe — click on the world.'));
   };
   const onMove = (event) => {
     if (!session || session.shape === 'pin' || destroyed) return;
@@ -241,7 +237,7 @@ export function initDrawTool({
     if (reason !== 'ok') {
       // 'too-few' is just "keep clicking" and the hint already says so;
       // a degenerate or off-globe shape needs to be told why it was refused.
-      if (reason !== 'too-few') setHint(drawHint(session));
+      if (reason !== 'too-few') setHint(() => drawHint(session));
       return null;
     }
     const spec = finishSpec(session, { label, color });
@@ -260,11 +256,12 @@ export function initDrawTool({
         flyTo: false,
       });
       if (destroyed || attempt !== generation) return result;
-      if (result?.drawn === 0) setHint(t('That shape could not be placed.'));
+      if (result?.drawn === 0)
+        setHint(() => t('That shape could not be placed.'));
       return result;
     } catch (error) {
       if (destroyed || attempt !== generation) return null;
-      setHint(
+      setHint(() =>
         t('Could not place the shape: {error}', {
           error: error?.message || error,
         }),
@@ -286,7 +283,7 @@ export function initDrawTool({
     if (session) session = createDrawSession(shape);
     annotations.clear();
     syncPreview();
-    if (!destroyed && !active) setHint(t('Board cleared.'));
+    if (!destroyed && !active) setHint(() => t('Board cleared.'));
   };
 
   // ---- keys: only while drawing, never while typing in another field ----
@@ -354,7 +351,7 @@ export function initDrawTool({
         // Somebody else is using the pointer — possibly an older instance of
         // this same tool that has not finished tearing down. Say so instead of
         // half-starting.
-        setHint(
+        setHint(() =>
           t('{owner} is using the pointer — close it first.', {
             owner: translateKnown(pointerOwnerName(pointerOwner())),
           }),
@@ -459,7 +456,7 @@ export function initDrawTool({
     },
     clearDraw: clearAll,
   });
-  setHint(drawHint(null));
+  setHint(() => drawHint(null));
 
   const api = {
     get active() {
@@ -521,7 +518,7 @@ export function initDrawTool({
       generation += 1;
       if (active) setActive(false);
       destroyed = true;
-      unregisterUnsavedWork();
+      offLocale();
       disconnect();
       releaseSceneHandler();
       releasePointer(lease);
diff --git a/src/annotations/drawToolBehaviour.test.mjs b/src/annotations/drawToolBehaviour.test.mjs
index db02febbc..0954600a4 100644
--- a/src/annotations/drawToolBehaviour.test.mjs
+++ b/src/annotations/drawToolBehaviour.test.mjs
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import { test } from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
 import { initDrawTool } from './drawTool.js';
-import { describeUnsavedWork } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import {
   isPointerFree,
   pointerOwner,
@@ -238,29 +237,6 @@ const LEFT_DOUBLE_CLICK = Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.LEFT_DOUBLE_CLICK;
 
 /* ── the tests ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
 
-// First in the file: tools left by later tests would answer the same registry.
-test('a lasting mark or a half-drawn shape makes the language switch ask first', async () => {
-  const h = harness();
-  try {
-    let marks = [];
-    h.annotations.list = () => marks;
-    assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), [], 'an empty board loses nothing');
-    marks = [{ id: 'a', ttlMs: 8000, expiring: false }];
-    assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), [], 'a fading mark is not work');
-    marks = [{ id: 'b', ttlMs: null, expiring: false }];
-    assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), ['drawings on the map']);
-    marks = [];
-    h.act('toggleDraw');
-    h.tool.addVertex(-97.75, 30.26);
-    assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), ['drawings on the map'], 'a shape in progress');
-    marks = [{ id: 'c', ttlMs: null, expiring: false }];
-    await h.tool.destroy();
-    assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), [], 'a destroyed tool unregisters');
-  } finally {
-    h.restore();
-  }
-});
-
 test('turning Draw on takes a lease and turning it off gives it back', async () => {
   const h = harness();
   try {
diff --git a/src/app/scene.js b/src/app/scene.js
index 62434613f..1455b8268 100644
--- a/src/app/scene.js
+++ b/src/app/scene.js
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import {
   governorRequestRender,
 } from '../renderGovernor.js';
 import { describeError } from './errors.js';
-import { t } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { onLocaleChange, t } from '../i18n/index.js';
 
 /** Construct the application globe using the caller's local configuration. */
 export async function createApplicationScene({
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ export async function createApplicationScene({
   defer(installTrackpadPinchZoom(viewer));
   registerDataCredits(viewer, credits);
   configureCreditKeyboardAccess(document);
+  defer(onLocaleChange(() => configureCreditKeyboardAccess(document)));
   loaderStatus.textContent =
     googleApiKey || googleTokens || cesiumToken
       ? t('Loading Google 3D Tiles...')
diff --git a/src/creditKeyboard.js b/src/creditKeyboard.js
index 5d4e8ce7d..9b6b65c8f 100644
--- a/src/creditKeyboard.js
+++ b/src/creditKeyboard.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * Adds the keyboard semantics omitted by Cesium's href-less attribution links.
  * Cesium retains ownership of showing and hiding its required credit lightbox.
  */
-import { getLocale, t } from './i18n/index.js';
+import { t } from './i18n/index.js';
 
 export function configureCreditKeyboardAccess(root = document) {
   const expand = root?.querySelector?.(
@@ -14,19 +14,19 @@ export function configureCreditKeyboardAccess(root = document) {
   const overlay = lightbox.parentElement;
 
   // Cesium writes these two texts in English once, when it builds the credit
-  // display, and never rewrites them; English keeps Cesium's own text.
-  if (getLocale() !== 'en') {
-    expand.textContent = t('Data attribution');
-    const title = lightbox.querySelector?.('.cesium-credit-lightbox-title');
-    if (title) title.textContent = t('Data provided by:');
-  }
+  // display, and never rewrites them; English is Cesium's own text. Called
+  // again after a locale change, this words them again.
+  expand.textContent = t('Data attribution');
+  const title = lightbox.querySelector?.('.cesium-credit-lightbox-title');
+  if (title) title.textContent = t('Data provided by:');
 
   if (!lightbox.id) lightbox.id = 'cesium-credit-lightbox';
   expand.setAttribute('role', 'button');
   expand.setAttribute('tabindex', '0');
   expand.setAttribute('aria-haspopup', 'dialog');
   expand.setAttribute('aria-controls', lightbox.id);
-  expand.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');
+  if (!expand.hasAttribute?.('aria-expanded'))
+    expand.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');
   close.setAttribute('role', 'button');
   close.setAttribute('tabindex', '0');
   close.setAttribute('aria-label', t('Close data attribution'));
diff --git a/src/creditKeyboard.test.mjs b/src/creditKeyboard.test.mjs
index 6a0780ada..a4e4ea787 100644
--- a/src/creditKeyboard.test.mjs
+++ b/src/creditKeyboard.test.mjs
@@ -221,3 +221,16 @@ for (const [locale, link, title] of [
       setLocale('en');
     }
   });
+
+test('setting up again after a switch back to English restores the English texts', () => {
+  const f = textFixture();
+  setLocale('ru');
+  try {
+    configureCreditKeyboardAccess(f.root);
+  } finally {
+    setLocale('en');
+  }
+  configureCreditKeyboardAccess(f.root);
+  assert.equal(f.expand.textContent, 'Data attribution');
+  assert.equal(f.title.textContent, 'Data provided by:');
+});
diff --git a/src/data/bhoteKoshiEmbeddedMedia.js b/src/data/bhoteKoshiEmbeddedMedia.js
index 53e21f8f4..4d6ee5b08 100644
--- a/src/data/bhoteKoshiEmbeddedMedia.js
+++ b/src/data/bhoteKoshiEmbeddedMedia.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
-import { t, msg } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { t, msg, onLocaleChange } from '../i18n/index.js';
 
 const YOUTUBE_HOSTS = new Set([
   'youtube.com',
@@ -674,6 +674,30 @@ export function createBhoteKoshiEmbeddedMedia({
   let record = null;
   let warmRecord = null;
   let generation = 0;
+  // Text the cards show, kept as the calls that word it so a locale change
+  // words it again. A node is forgotten once it has left the page.
+  const worded = new Map();
+  function forgetDetached() {
+    for (const node of worded.keys())
+      if (!node.isConnected) worded.delete(node);
+  }
+  function word(node, property, text) {
+    let properties = worded.get(node);
+    if (!properties) worded.set(node, (properties = new Map()));
+    properties.set(property, text);
+    writeWord(node, property, text());
+  }
+  function writeWord(node, property, value) {
+    if (property === 'textContent' || property === 'title')
+      node[property] = value;
+    else node.setAttribute(property, value);
+  }
+  const offLocale = onLocaleChange(() => {
+    forgetDetached();
+    for (const [node, properties] of worded)
+      for (const [property, text] of properties)
+        writeWord(node, property, text());
+  });
   const leavingRecords = new Set();
 
   const prefersReducedMotion = () =>
@@ -818,6 +842,7 @@ export function createBhoteKoshiEmbeddedMedia({
     current.youtubeSession?.destroy();
     current.card?.remove?.();
     leavingRecords.delete(current);
+    forgetDetached();
   }
 
   const position = () => {
@@ -871,6 +896,7 @@ export function createBhoteKoshiEmbeddedMedia({
       destroyFacebookSession(warmRecord.facebookSession);
     else warmRecord.iframe?.remove?.();
     warmRecord = null;
+    forgetDetached();
   }
 
   function takeWarmFacebook(key, host) {
@@ -917,9 +943,11 @@ export function createBhoteKoshiEmbeddedMedia({
       startAtSec,
       endAtSec,
     });
-    iframe.title = t('Preloading {provider} media', {
-      provider: providerLabel(source.provider),
-    });
+    word(iframe, 'title', () =>
+      t('Preloading {provider} media', {
+        provider: providerLabel(source.provider),
+      }),
+    );
     iframe.tabIndex = -1;
     iframe.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'true');
     iframe.loading = 'eager';
@@ -930,7 +958,7 @@ export function createBhoteKoshiEmbeddedMedia({
   }
 
   async function mountX(current, token) {
-    current.status.textContent = t('LOADING X POST…');
+    word(current.status, 'textContent', () => t('LOADING X POST…'));
     try {
       const api = await xLoader(documentRef, globalRef);
       if (token !== generation || record !== current) return;
@@ -950,14 +978,18 @@ export function createBhoteKoshiEmbeddedMedia({
         throw new Error(
           msg('The X post is unavailable or cannot be embedded.'),
         );
-      current.status.textContent = t('X POST · PROVIDER CONTROLS');
+      word(current.status, 'textContent', () =>
+        t('X POST · PROVIDER CONTROLS'),
+      );
       position();
     } catch (error) {
       if (token !== generation || record !== current) return;
       current.card.classList.add('is-unavailable');
-      current.status.textContent = t('{reason} OPEN ORIGINAL.', {
-        reason: t(String(error?.message || msg('X embed unavailable'))),
-      });
+      word(current.status, 'textContent', () =>
+        t('{reason} OPEN ORIGINAL.', {
+          reason: t(String(error?.message || msg('X embed unavailable'))),
+        }),
+      );
       position();
     }
   }
@@ -970,22 +1002,28 @@ export function createBhoteKoshiEmbeddedMedia({
     session.shouldPlay = autoplay === true;
     session.onReady = () => {
       if (token !== generation || record !== current) return;
-      current.status.textContent = t('FACEBOOK · PROVIDER CONTROLS');
+      word(current.status, 'textContent', () =>
+        t('FACEBOOK · PROVIDER CONTROLS'),
+      );
       current.card.classList.remove('is-unavailable');
       position();
     };
     session.onError = (error) => {
       if (token !== generation || record !== current) return;
       current.card.classList.add('is-unavailable');
-      current.status.textContent = t('{reason} OPEN ORIGINAL.', {
-        reason: t(String(error?.message || msg('Facebook embed unavailable'))),
-      });
+      word(current.status, 'textContent', () =>
+        t('{reason} OPEN ORIGINAL.', {
+          reason: t(
+            String(error?.message || msg('Facebook embed unavailable')),
+          ),
+        }),
+      );
       position();
     };
     session.onPlaybackBlocked = () => {
       if (token !== generation || record !== current) return;
-      current.status.textContent = t(
-        'AUTOPLAY BLOCKED · USE PROVIDER CONTROLS',
+      word(current.status, 'textContent', () =>
+        t('AUTOPLAY BLOCKED · USE PROVIDER CONTROLS'),
       );
     };
     if (session.ready) session.onReady();
@@ -1036,8 +1074,7 @@ export function createBhoteKoshiEmbeddedMedia({
     const portraitClass = isPortraitMedia(media) ? ' is-portrait' : '';
     card.className = `bhote-embedded-callout is-${source.provider}${portraitClass}`;
     card.dataset.provider = source.provider;
-    card.setAttribute(
-      'aria-label',
+    word(card, 'aria-label', () =>
       t('Embedded {provider} media for {source}', {
         provider: providerLabel(source.provider),
         source: observation?.title
@@ -1057,19 +1094,23 @@ export function createBhoteKoshiEmbeddedMedia({
     player.className = 'bhote-embedded-callout-player ui-scroll';
     const footer = documentRef.createElement('footer');
     const title = documentRef.createElement('strong');
-    title.textContent = bhoteEventText(
-      observation?.shortTitle || observation?.title || t('Witness source'),
-    ).toUpperCase();
+    word(title, 'textContent', () =>
+      bhoteEventText(
+        observation?.shortTitle || observation?.title || t('Witness source'),
+      ).toUpperCase(),
+    );
     const status = documentRef.createElement('small');
     status.setAttribute('role', 'status');
-    status.textContent = t('{provider} · EMBEDDED SOURCE', {
-      provider: providerLabel(source.provider),
-    });
+    word(status, 'textContent', () =>
+      t('{provider} · EMBEDDED SOURCE', {
+        provider: providerLabel(source.provider),
+      }),
+    );
     const link = documentRef.createElement('a');
     link.href = source.url;
     link.target = '_blank';
     link.rel = 'noopener noreferrer';
-    link.textContent = t('OPEN ORIGINAL ↗');
+    word(link, 'textContent', () => t('OPEN ORIGINAL ↗'));
     footer.append(title, status, link);
     const body = documentRef.createElement('div');
     body.className = 'bhote-embedded-callout-body';
@@ -1109,12 +1150,14 @@ export function createBhoteKoshiEmbeddedMedia({
           url.searchParams.set('origin', globalRef.location.origin);
         iframe.src = url.href;
       }
-      iframe.title = t('{provider} media: {source}', {
-        provider: providerLabel(source.provider),
-        source: observation?.title
-          ? bhoteEventText(observation.title)
-          : t('witness source'),
-      });
+      word(iframe, 'title', () =>
+        t('{provider} media: {source}', {
+          provider: providerLabel(source.provider),
+          source: observation?.title
+            ? bhoteEventText(observation.title)
+            : t('witness source'),
+        }),
+      );
       iframe.allow =
         'autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; fullscreen';
       iframe.allowFullscreen = true;
@@ -1131,9 +1174,11 @@ export function createBhoteKoshiEmbeddedMedia({
               record.youtubeSession.getState().phase,
             )
           ) {
-            status.textContent = t('{provider} · PROVIDER CONTROLS', {
-              provider: providerLabel(source.provider),
-            });
+            word(status, 'textContent', () =>
+              t('{provider} · PROVIDER CONTROLS', {
+                provider: providerLabel(source.provider),
+              }),
+            );
           }
           position();
         },
@@ -1151,11 +1196,13 @@ export function createBhoteKoshiEmbeddedMedia({
           isCurrent: () => token === generation && record === current,
           onStatus: (phase) => {
             if (phase !== 'completed')
-              status.textContent = t('YOUTUBE {state} · OPEN ORIGINAL', {
-                state: YOUTUBE_PHASE_LABELS[phase]
-                  ? t(YOUTUBE_PHASE_LABELS[phase])
-                  : phase.toUpperCase(),
-              });
+              word(status, 'textContent', () =>
+                t('YOUTUBE {state} · OPEN ORIGINAL', {
+                  state: YOUTUBE_PHASE_LABELS[phase]
+                    ? t(YOUTUBE_PHASE_LABELS[phase])
+                    : phase.toUpperCase(),
+                }),
+              );
           },
         });
       }
@@ -1165,6 +1212,8 @@ export function createBhoteKoshiEmbeddedMedia({
   }
 
   function destroy() {
+    offLocale();
+    worded.clear();
     hide({ immediate: true });
     for (const current of [...leavingRecords]) removeRecord(current);
     clearWarm();
diff --git a/src/data/bhoteKoshiEvent.js b/src/data/bhoteKoshiEvent.js
index e007d9eb2..8211cebb5 100644
--- a/src/data/bhoteKoshiEvent.js
+++ b/src/data/bhoteKoshiEvent.js
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import {
 } from './bhoteKoshiEmbeddedMedia.js';
 import { acquireImageryComparison } from '../maps/imageryComparison.js';
 import { createImagerySplit } from '../ui/imagerySplit.js';
-import { formatDate, t, tn, msg } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { formatDate, t, tn, msg, onLocaleChange } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { useBhoteKoshiPanelStore } from '../ui/stores/bhoteKoshiPanel.js';
 import { applicationPinia } from '../ui/vueRuntime.js';
 
@@ -1006,8 +1006,10 @@ export function createBhoteKoshiEventLayer({
   let _panelRefs = null;
   let _panelOwner = null;
   let _panelPublished = '';
-  // The dates and field reports, which stay as they were when the panel opened.
+  // The dates and field reports, which stay as they were when the panel
+  // opened, until a locale change words them again.
   let _panelFixed = null;
+  let _offPanelLocale = null;
   let _splitControl = null;
   let _beforeLayer = null;
   let _afterLayer = null;
@@ -2604,9 +2606,9 @@ export function createBhoteKoshiEventLayer({
       id: 'bhote-koshi-split-line',
       handleClass: 'bhote-koshi-split-handle',
       cssProperty: '--bhote-koshi-split',
-      beforeTitle: imageryEndpointText(event.imagery.before),
-      afterTitle: imageryEndpointText(event.imagery.after),
-      ariaLabel: t('Historical reference and post-event image divider'),
+      beforeTitle: () => imageryEndpointText(event.imagery.before),
+      afterTitle: () => imageryEndpointText(event.imagery.after),
+      ariaLabel: () => t('Historical reference and post-event image divider'),
       formatValueText: (beforePercent, afterPercent) =>
         t(
           'A historical reference {before} percent, B post-event {after} percent',
@@ -2666,6 +2668,19 @@ export function createBhoteKoshiEventLayer({
     });
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Word the panel again in the current locale: fresh records, written by
+   * the same syncs that keep them current.
+   */
+  function relocalizePanel() {
+    if (!_panelRefs || !_event) return;
+    _panelRefs = createPanelRecords(_event);
+    _panelFixed = null;
+    writeCinematicButton();
+    syncPanel();
+    syncPresentationMode();
+  }
+
   function syncCinematicButton() {
     if (writeCinematicButton()) publishPanel();
   }
@@ -3517,6 +3532,8 @@ export function createBhoteKoshiEventLayer({
         ),
       );
       publishPanel();
+      _offPanelLocale?.();
+      _offPanelLocale = onLocaleChange(relocalizePanel);
       syncPresentationMode();
       overlayHost.setVisible(
         BHOTE_KOSHI_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
@@ -3613,6 +3630,8 @@ export function createBhoteKoshiEventLayer({
       panelStore.connect(null);
       panelStore.publish(null);
     }
+    _offPanelLocale?.();
+    _offPanelLocale = null;
     _panelOwner = null;
     _panelRefs = null;
     _panelPublished = '';
diff --git a/src/hud.js b/src/hud.js
index e93cf34d5..80ef5e6f8 100644
--- a/src/hud.js
+++ b/src/hud.js
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ import {
   DEFAULT_HUD_LAYOUT,
   normalizeHudLayout,
 } from './hudLayouts.js';
-import { formatNumber, msg, t } from './i18n/index.js';
+import { formatNumber, msg, onLocaleChange, t } from './i18n/index.js';
 import { localizeLayerName } from './ui/layerPanel.js';
 import { isEmbeddedInline } from './app/embed.js';
 import { subscribeSelectedVessel } from './hudReadouts.js';
@@ -283,9 +283,30 @@ export class IntelHUD {
     );
     this.viewer.camera.moveStart.addEventListener(this._onCameraMoveStart);
     this.viewer.camera.moveEnd.addEventListener(this._onCameraMoveEnd);
+    this._offLocale = onLocaleChange(() => this._relocalize());
     this._startTimers();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Show the HUD's own words in the new locale. The deterministic summary
+   * is composed again; the AI reply does not depend on the locale, so the
+   * next tick shows the one already received rather than asking again.
+   */
+  _relocalize() {
+    this._present({
+      mode: MODE_LABELS[this._currentStyle]
+        ? t(MODE_LABELS[this._currentStyle])
+        : this._currentStyle.toUpperCase(),
+      summaryLabel: t('SUMMARY'),
+      rec: t('REC'),
+      ...(this._view.vessel.active
+        ? {}
+        : { vessel: { active: false, text: t('AIS: --') } }),
+    });
+    if (this._visible && this._latestMetrics) this._updateCameraData();
+    this._setSummaryText(this._composeSummary(), false);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Present the HUD's first view: corner brackets, classification banners,
    * sensor readouts, edge metadata strips and the bottom summary bar, which
@@ -1081,5 +1102,6 @@ export class IntelHUD {
     this._dataManagerUnsubscribe?.();
     this._vesselUnsubscribe?.();
     this._summaryRequest?.abort();
+    this._offLocale();
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/i18n.test.mjs b/src/i18n/i18n.test.mjs
index 68541e282..26846c70a 100644
--- a/src/i18n/i18n.test.mjs
+++ b/src/i18n/i18n.test.mjs
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ import {
   formatNumber,
   formatRelativeTime,
   msg,
-  persistLocaleAndReload,
+  onLocaleChange,
+  persistLocale,
   setLocale,
   t,
   tn,
@@ -258,6 +259,40 @@ test('applyDocumentTranslations translates opted-in text and attributes in place
   assert.equal(label.textContent, t('POWERED UP'));
   assert.equal(pin.attrs.get('title'), t('POWERED UP'));
   assert.equal(unknown.textContent, 'No such message');
+  // A later pass starts from the English source, so every switch applies.
+  setLocale('de');
+  applyDocumentTranslations(doc);
+  assert.equal(label.textContent, t('POWERED UP'));
+  setLocale('en');
+  assert.equal(applyDocumentTranslations(doc), 2, 'English restores');
+  assert.equal(label.textContent, 'POWERED UP');
+  assert.equal(pin.attrs.get('title'), 'POWERED UP');
+  // Text that code wrote since is the new source; a pass leaves it alone.
+  label.textContent = 'Error: offline';
+  setLocale('ru');
+  applyDocumentTranslations(doc);
+  assert.equal(label.textContent, 'Error: offline');
+});
+
+test('onLocaleChange listeners hear each change until removed', () => {
+  const heard = [];
+  const off = onLocaleChange(() => heard.push(t('POWERED UP')));
+  const broken = onLocaleChange(() => {
+    throw new Error('broken listener');
+  });
+  const error = console.error;
+  console.error = () => {};
+  try {
+    setLocale('ru');
+    setLocale('ru');
+    assert.deepEqual(heard, [t('POWERED UP')], 'once, in the new locale');
+    off();
+    setLocale('en');
+    assert.equal(heard.length, 1);
+  } finally {
+    console.error = error;
+    broken();
+  }
 });
 
 test('applyDocumentTranslations reads data-i18n-context for element text', () => {
@@ -275,13 +310,9 @@ test('applyDocumentTranslations reads data-i18n-context for element text', () =>
   assert.notEqual(option.textContent, t('All'));
 });
 
-test('persistLocaleAndReload keeps the choice in ?lang when storage is blocked', () => {
+test('persistLocale keeps the choice in ?lang when storage is blocked', () => {
   const calls = [];
-  const location = {
-    href: 'https://gev.local/?x=1#scene=a',
-    assign: (url) => calls.push(['assign', url]),
-    reload: () => calls.push(['reload']),
-  };
+  const location = { href: 'https://gev.local/?x=1#scene=a' };
   const history = {
     replaceState: (_s, _t, url) => calls.push(['replace', url]),
   };
@@ -290,36 +321,30 @@ test('persistLocaleAndReload keeps the choice in ?lang when storage is blocked',
       throw new Error('blocked');
     },
   };
-  assert.equal(
-    persistLocaleAndReload('ru', { location, history, storage }),
-    true,
-  );
+  assert.equal(persistLocale('ru', { location, history, storage }), 'ru');
   assert.deepEqual(calls, [
     ['replace', 'https://gev.local/?x=1&lang=ru#scene=a'],
-    ['reload'],
   ]);
 });
 
-test('persistLocaleAndReload stores the choice, keeps the hash, strips ?lang', () => {
+test('persistLocale stores the choice, keeps the hash, strips ?lang', () => {
   const storage = memoryStorage();
   const calls = [];
-  const location = {
-    href: 'https://gev.local/?lang=en&x=1#scene=a',
-    assign: (url) => calls.push(['assign', url]),
-    reload: () => calls.push(['reload']),
-  };
+  const location = { href: 'https://gev.local/?lang=en&x=1#scene=a' };
   const history = {
     replaceState: (_s, _t, url) => calls.push(['replace', url]),
   };
-  assert.equal(
-    persistLocaleAndReload('ru', { location, history, storage }),
-    true,
-  );
+  assert.equal(persistLocale('ru', { location, history, storage }), 'ru');
   assert.equal(storage.data.get(LOCALE_STORAGE_KEY), 'ru');
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, [
-    ['replace', 'https://gev.local/?x=1#scene=a'],
-    ['reload'],
-  ]);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, [['replace', 'https://gev.local/?x=1#scene=a']]);
+  // An address without ?lang is left as it is.
+  calls.length = 0;
+  persistLocale('de', {
+    location: { href: 'https://gev.local/#scene=a' },
+    history,
+    storage,
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, []);
 });
 
 test('tn() shows a caller-formatted count and still picks the form by number', () => {
diff --git a/src/i18n/index.js b/src/i18n/index.js
index a5a140e6e..d785c2b86 100644
--- a/src/i18n/index.js
+++ b/src/i18n/index.js
@@ -53,6 +53,37 @@ let pageLocale = { value: DEFAULT_LOCALE };
 export function bindLocale(locale) {
   locale.value = pageLocale.value;
   pageLocale = locale;
+  bound = true;
+}
+
+let bound = false;
+const localeListeners = new Set();
+
+/**
+ * Call `listener` after the active locale changes, so code that shows text it
+ * translated itself (a status line, a count, a time) shows it again. Text a
+ * Vue view translates while rendering follows the locale without this.
+ * @param {() => void} listener
+ * @returns {() => void} Stops listening.
+ */
+export function onLocaleChange(listener) {
+  if (typeof listener !== 'function') return () => {};
+  localeListeners.add(listener);
+  return () => localeListeners.delete(listener);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Tell the listeners the locale changed. setLocale does this for an unbound
+ * locale; the owner of a bound ref calls it when the ref changes.
+ */
+export function notifyLocaleChange() {
+  for (const listener of [...localeListeners]) {
+    try {
+      listener();
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error('[i18n] locale listener failed', error);
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 /** The catalog for a locale; null for English and unknown codes. */
@@ -74,8 +105,9 @@ export function getLocale() {
 }
 
 /**
- * Switch the active locale. Pure state change: call applyDocumentLanguage /
- * applyDocumentTranslations to reflect it in the DOM.
+ * Switch the active locale. Views re-render and onLocaleChange listeners
+ * word their text again; the application keeps <html lang>/<html dir> and
+ * the page's data-i18n markup in step.
  * @returns {string} The locale actually applied (normalized).
  */
 export function setLocale(locale) {
@@ -83,6 +115,7 @@ export function setLocale(locale) {
   if (normalized !== pageLocale.value) {
     pageLocale.value = normalized;
     formatterCache.clear();
+    if (!bound) notifyLocaleChange();
   }
   return normalized;
 }
@@ -276,75 +309,57 @@ const DOCUMENT_TRANSLATION_TARGETS = Object.freeze([
   ['data-i18n-placeholder', 'placeholder'],
 ]);
 
+// Per element, the English source a pass read and the text it wrote, so a
+// later pass in another locale, English included, starts from the source
+// rather than from that text. Text that code wrote since is the new source.
+const documentSources = new WeakMap();
+
 /**
- * Translate every opted-in element in `doc`. Runs once at boot; switching
- * locale reloads the page.
+ * Translate every opted-in element in `doc` into the active locale. Runs at
+ * boot and again after every locale change (the page's own markup, such as
+ * a host's, is not rendered by a view).
  * @param {Document|Element} doc
  * @returns {number} Count of element/attribute writes performed.
  */
 export function applyDocumentTranslations(doc) {
   if (typeof doc?.querySelectorAll !== 'function') return 0;
-  if (!CATALOGS[getLocale()]) return 0;
   let applied = 0;
   for (const [marker, attribute] of DOCUMENT_TRANSLATION_TARGETS) {
     for (const element of doc.querySelectorAll(`[${marker}]`)) {
-      const source = attribute
-        ? element.getAttribute(attribute)
-        : normalizeMarkupText(element.textContent);
+      const read = () =>
+        attribute
+          ? element.getAttribute(attribute)
+          : normalizeMarkupText(element.textContent);
+      let sources = documentSources.get(element);
+      if (!sources) documentSources.set(element, (sources = {}));
+      const shown = read();
+      const known = sources[marker];
+      const source = known && shown === known.written ? known.source : shown;
+      sources[marker] = { source, written: shown };
       if (!source) continue;
       const context = attribute
         ? null
         : element.getAttribute?.('data-i18n-context');
       const text = context ? t(source, { context }) : t(source);
-      if (text === source) continue;
+      if (text === shown) continue;
       if (attribute) element.setAttribute(attribute, text);
       else element.textContent = text;
+      sources[marker].written = read();
       applied += 1;
     }
   }
   return applied;
 }
 
-const unsavedWorkChecks = new Set();
-
 /**
- * Name work that switching language would lose: the switch reloads the page,
- * and the language switch asks first while any check reports something.
- * @param {() => string|null|undefined} check Returns a msg() label (e.g.
- *   msg('unsaved CCTV calibration')) while there is such work, else nothing.
- * @returns {() => void} Removes the check.
+ * Store a locale choice for the next visit and keep the address in step
+ * without reloading: ?lang is dropped once the choice is stored, or carries
+ * the choice where storage is blocked (share links drop it:
+ * ShareLinkManager.copyLink). The hash is kept exactly. setLocale applies
+ * the choice to the page.
+ * @returns {string} The normalized locale.
  */
-export function registerUnsavedWork(check) {
-  if (typeof check !== 'function') return () => {};
-  unsavedWorkChecks.add(check);
-  return () => unsavedWorkChecks.delete(check);
-}
-
-/**
- * What a reload would lose right now, translated, without repeats.
- * @returns {string[]}
- */
-export function describeUnsavedWork() {
-  const labels = new Set();
-  for (const check of unsavedWorkChecks) {
-    try {
-      const label = check();
-      if (typeof label === 'string' && label) labels.add(t(label));
-    } catch {
-      // A failing check must not block the switch.
-    }
-  }
-  return [...labels];
-}
-
-/**
- * Persist a locale choice, then reload preserving window.location.hash exactly
- * and stripping ?lang from the search string, so the stored choice applies.
- * Where storage is blocked, ?lang carries the choice instead (share links
- * drop it: ShareLinkManager.copyLink).
- * @returns {boolean} true when a reload was triggered.
- */
-export function persistLocaleAndReload(
+export function persistLocale(
   locale,
   {
     location = globalThis.location,
@@ -354,28 +369,13 @@ export function persistLocaleAndReload(
 ) {
   const normalized = normalizeLocale(locale) || DEFAULT_LOCALE;
   const stored = writeStoredLocale(normalized, storage);
-  if (!location || typeof location.assign !== 'function') return false;
-  let target = location.href;
   try {
-    // Without storage the choice only survives in the URL, so keep it there.
     const url = new URL(location.href);
     if (stored) url.searchParams.delete('lang');
     else url.searchParams.set('lang', normalized);
-    target = url.href;
+    if (url.href !== location.href) history?.replaceState?.(null, '', url.href);
   } catch {
-    // Keep the current href.
+    // Without a location or history the stored choice still applies.
   }
-  // location.assign() to the identical URL does not navigate, so strip ?lang
-  // in place and force a real reload instead.
-  try {
-    history?.replaceState?.(null, '', target);
-  } catch {
-    // replaceState is best-effort; the reload below still applies.
-  }
-  if (typeof location.reload === 'function') {
-    location.reload();
-  } else {
-    location.assign(target);
-  }
-  return true;
+  return normalized;
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index 3c6d8a2d8..c1b7db3e5 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -872,7 +872,6 @@
   "That line has no length — click somewhere further away.": "Diese Linie hat keine Länge – weiter entfernt klicken.",
   " · {max}-point limit reached": " · Limit von {max} Punkten erreicht",
   "{measure} · double-click or Enter to finish, Backspace undoes, Esc cancels.{full}": "{measure} · Doppelklick oder Enter beendet, Rücktaste macht rückgängig, Esc bricht ab.{full}",
-  "drawings on the map": "Zeichnungen auf der Karte",
   "That shape already has {count} points — finish it or press Backspace.": "Diese Form hat bereits {count} Punkte – abschließen oder Rücktaste drücken.",
   "That point is off the globe — click on the world.": "Dieser Punkt liegt außerhalb des Globus – auf die Erde klicken.",
   "That shape could not be placed.": "Diese Form konnte nicht platziert werden.",
@@ -1173,7 +1172,6 @@
   "GET KEY ↗": "SCHLÜSSEL HOLEN ↗",
   "{envVar} saved — paste to replace": "{envVar} gespeichert – zum Ersetzen einfügen",
   "paste {envVar}": "{envVar} einfügen",
-  "unsaved provider keys": "ungespeicherte Anbieter-Schlüssel",
   "Project keys: {status}": "Projektschlüssel: {status}",
   "Cloud voice will use OPENAI_API_KEY on the next session.": "Die Cloud-Sprachsteuerung verwendet ab der nächsten Sitzung OPENAI_API_KEY.",
   "Checking local ChatGPT OAuth sign-in…": "Lokale ChatGPT-OAuth-Anmeldung wird geprüft…",
@@ -2049,9 +2047,6 @@
   "Sensitivity": "Empfindlichkeit",
   "WHOT/BHOT": "WHOT/BHOT",
   "Ironbow": "Ironbow",
-  "unsaved CCTV calibration": "ungespeicherte CCTV-Kalibrierung",
-  "the open cockpit": "das geöffnete Cockpit",
-  "Switching language reloads the page. This will be lost: {items}. Switch anyway?": "Ein Sprachwechsel lädt die Seite neu. Dabei geht Folgendes verloren: {items}. Trotzdem wechseln?",
   "Link shared": "Link geteilt",
   "Return map to straight-down view": "Karte wieder senkrecht von oben zeigen",
   "Tilt map to oblique view": "Karte in Schrägansicht kippen",
@@ -2098,7 +2093,6 @@
   "{aircraftClass} · {emergency} · {feedState}": "{aircraftClass} · {emergency} · {feedState}",
   "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · ORTSABFRAGE · AKTUELL",
   "Rendered globe frames per second · toggle with `": "Gerenderte Globus-Frames pro Sekunde · umschalten mit `",
-  "imported map files": "importierte Kartendateien",
   "Ground heights could not be refreshed. Try the file again when the map has loaded.": "Geländehöhen konnten nicht aktualisiert werden. Die Datei erneut laden, wenn die Karte geladen ist.",
   "{count} map objects": {
     "one": "{count} Kartenobjekt",
@@ -2678,7 +2672,6 @@
   "Activate to toggle voice": "Aktivieren, um die Sprachsteuerung umzuschalten",
   "Voice active": "Sprachsteuerung aktiv",
   "Voice could not be started.": "Sprachsteuerung konnte nicht gestartet werden.",
-  "the active voice session": "die aktive Sprachsitzung",
   "{value} feet": "{value} Fuß",
   "Fire · FRP {frp} MW": "Brand · FRP {frp} MW",
   "The flights layer is not enabled": "Die Ebene „Live-Flüge“ ist nicht aktiviert",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index 3693b127f..6e3acde69 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -2466,9 +2466,6 @@
   "ChatGPT sign-in timed out. Click {button} to try again.": "Se agotó el tiempo para iniciar sesión en ChatGPT. Haz clic en \"{button}\" para intentarlo de nuevo.",
   "ChatGPT sign-in complete. OAuth will be used for the next cloud voice session.": "Sesión de ChatGPT iniciada. Se usará OAuth en la próxima sesión de voz en la nube.",
   "OAuth check failed: {detail}": "Error al comprobar OAuth: {detail}",
-  "unsaved CCTV calibration": "la calibración de CCTV sin guardar",
-  "the open cockpit": "la cabina abierta",
-  "Switching language reloads the page. This will be lost: {items}. Switch anyway?": "Cambiar de idioma recarga la página. Se perderá lo siguiente: {items}. ¿Cambiar de todos modos?",
   "Wind upstream unavailable": "Origen de datos de viento no disponible",
   "WebUSB needs desktop Chrome or Edge": "WebUSB requiere Chrome o Edge de escritorio",
   "connect a receiver in Radio": "conecta un receptor en Radio",
@@ -2654,9 +2651,6 @@
   "KartaView answered HTTP {status}": "KartaView respondió HTTP {status}",
   "KartaView refused the request (code {code})": "KartaView rechazó la petición (código {code})",
   "Stopped by voice": "Detenido por voz",
-  "drawings on the map": "los dibujos del mapa",
-  "imported map files": "los archivos importados en el mapa",
-  "the active voice session": "la sesión de voz activa",
   "Light aircraft": "Avioneta",
   "Glider": "Planeador",
   "Turboprop": "Turbohélice",
@@ -2857,7 +2851,6 @@
     "many": "fuentes {names} no válidas",
     "other": "fuentes {names} no válidas"
   },
-  "unsaved provider keys": "las claves de proveedores sin guardar",
   "Exit cockpit to fly to an aircraft": "Sal de la cabina para volar a una aeronave",
   "Exit cockpit to fly to a satellite": "Sal de la cabina para volar a un satélite",
   "Exit cockpit to frame contacts": "Sal de la cabina para encuadrar contactos",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index a3e967758..2af1499e8 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
   "That line has no length — click somewhere further away.": "Cette ligne n'a pas de longueur — cliquez plus loin.",
   " · {max}-point limit reached": " · limite de {max} points atteinte",
   "{measure} · double-click or Enter to finish, Backspace undoes, Esc cancels.{full}": "{measure} · double-clic ou Enter pour terminer, Backspace annule le dernier point, Esc annule.{full}",
-  "drawings on the map": "les dessins sur la carte",
   "That shape already has {count} points — finish it or press Backspace.": "Cette forme a déjà {count} points — terminez-la ou appuyez sur Backspace.",
   "That point is off the globe — click on the world.": "Ce point est hors du globe — cliquez sur la Terre.",
   "That shape could not be placed.": "Impossible de placer cette forme.",
@@ -402,7 +401,6 @@
   "paste {envVar}": "collez {envVar}",
   "REMOVE": "SUPPRIMER",
   "Remove {title} from this app's saved keys": "Supprimer {title} des clés enregistrées de l'application",
-  "unsaved provider keys": "les clés de fournisseurs non enregistrées",
   "Project keys: {status}": "Clés du projet : {status}",
   "your app configuration": "la configuration de votre application",
   "your local .env": "votre .env local",
@@ -1540,9 +1538,6 @@
   "Sensitivity": "Sensibilité",
   "WHOT/BHOT": "WHOT/BHOT",
   "Ironbow": "Ironbow",
-  "unsaved CCTV calibration": "la calibration CCTV non enregistrée",
-  "the open cockpit": "le cockpit ouvert",
-  "Switching language reloads the page. This will be lost: {items}. Switch anyway?": "Changer de langue recharge la page. Ceci sera perdu : {items}. Changer quand même ?",
   "VISUAL PRESETS": "PRÉRÉGLAGES VISUELS",
   "LOCATION": "LIEU",
   "CONTACTS — nearest planes · vessels · sites": "CONTACTS — avions, navires et sites les plus proches",
@@ -1767,7 +1762,6 @@
   "Space Missions": "Missions spatiales",
   "Context": "Contexte",
   "Rendered globe frames per second · toggle with `": "Images du globe rendues par seconde · basculer avec `",
-  "imported map files": "les fichiers importés sur la carte",
   "Ground heights could not be refreshed. Try the file again when the map has loaded.": "Impossible d'actualiser les altitudes du sol. Réessayez avec le fichier une fois la carte chargée.",
   "{count} map objects": {
     "one": "{count} objet cartographique",
@@ -2547,7 +2541,6 @@
   "Activate to toggle voice": "Activer/désactiver la commande vocale",
   "Voice active": "Voix active",
   "Voice could not be started.": "Impossible de démarrer la voix.",
-  "the active voice session": "la session vocale active",
   "{value} feet": "{value} pieds",
   "Fire · FRP {frp} MW": "Feu · FRP {frp} MW",
   "The flights layer is not enabled": "La couche des vols n'est pas activée",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index 73cfdb2c4..aed8d0003 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
   "That line has no length — click somewhere further away.": "Quella linea non ha lunghezza: fai clic più lontano.",
   " · {max}-point limit reached": " · raggiunto il limite di {max} punti",
   "{measure} · double-click or Enter to finish, Backspace undoes, Esc cancels.{full}": "{measure} · doppio clic o Enter per finire, Backspace torna indietro, Esc annulla.{full}",
-  "drawings on the map": "disegni sulla mappa",
   "That shape already has {count} points — finish it or press Backspace.": "Quella forma ha già {count} punti: finiscila o premi Backspace.",
   "That point is off the globe — click on the world.": "Quel punto è fuori dal globo: fai clic sul mondo.",
   "That shape could not be placed.": "Impossibile posizionare quella forma.",
@@ -402,7 +401,6 @@
   "paste {envVar}": "incolla {envVar}",
   "REMOVE": "RIMUOVI",
   "Remove {title} from this app's saved keys": "Rimuovi {title} dalle chiavi salvate di questa app",
-  "unsaved provider keys": "chiavi provider non salvate",
   "Project keys: {status}": "Chiavi del progetto: {status}",
   "your app configuration": "la configurazione della tua app",
   "your local .env": "il tuo .env locale",
@@ -1540,9 +1538,6 @@
   "Sensitivity": "Sensibilità",
   "WHOT/BHOT": "WHOT/BHOT",
   "Ironbow": "Ironbow",
-  "unsaved CCTV calibration": "calibrazione CCTV non salvata",
-  "the open cockpit": "il cockpit aperto",
-  "Switching language reloads the page. This will be lost: {items}. Switch anyway?": "Cambiare lingua ricarica la pagina. Perderai: {items}. Cambiare comunque?",
   "VISUAL PRESETS": "PRESET VISIVI",
   "LOCATION": "POSIZIONE",
   "CONTACTS — nearest planes · vessels · sites": "CONTATTI — aerei · navi · siti più vicini",
@@ -1767,7 +1762,6 @@
   "Space Missions": "Missioni spaziali",
   "Context": "Contesto",
   "Rendered globe frames per second · toggle with `": "Fotogrammi al secondo del globo · attiva/disattiva con `",
-  "imported map files": "file di mappa importati",
   "Ground heights could not be refreshed. Try the file again when the map has loaded.": "Impossibile aggiornare le quote del terreno. Riprova con il file quando la mappa è caricata.",
   "{count} map objects": {
     "one": "{count} oggetto sulla mappa",
@@ -2547,7 +2541,6 @@
   "Activate to toggle voice": "Attiva per abilitare o disabilitare la voce",
   "Voice active": "Voce attiva",
   "Voice could not be started.": "Impossibile avviare la voce.",
-  "the active voice session": "la sessione vocale attiva",
   "{value} feet": "{value} piedi",
   "Fire · FRP {frp} MW": "Incendio · FRP {frp} MW",
   "The flights layer is not enabled": "Il livello voli non è attivo",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index 2968f050f..3d8e084ed 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
   "That line has no length — click somewhere further away.": "線の長さがゼロです。もっと離れた場所をクリックしてください。",
   " · {max}-point limit reached": " · 上限の{max}点に達しました",
   "{measure} · double-click or Enter to finish, Backspace undoes, Esc cancels.{full}": "{measure} · ダブルクリックまたはEnterで完了、Backspaceで元に戻す、Escでキャンセル。{full}",
-  "drawings on the map": "地図上の描画",
   "That shape already has {count} points — finish it or press Backspace.": "この図形はすでに{count}点あります。完了するか、Backspaceを押してください。",
   "That point is off the globe — click on the world.": "その点は地球の外です。地表をクリックしてください。",
   "That shape could not be placed.": "図形を配置できませんでした。",
@@ -394,7 +393,6 @@
   "paste {envVar}": "{envVar}を貼り付け",
   "REMOVE": "削除",
   "Remove {title} from this app's saved keys": "{title}をこのアプリの保存済みキーから削除",
-  "unsaved provider keys": "未保存のプロバイダーキー",
   "Project keys: {status}": "プロジェクトのキー：{status}",
   "your app configuration": "アプリの設定",
   "your local .env": "ローカルの .env",
@@ -1498,9 +1496,6 @@
   "Sensitivity": "感度",
   "WHOT/BHOT": "WHOT/BHOT",
   "Ironbow": "Ironbow",
-  "unsaved CCTV calibration": "未保存のCCTVキャリブレーション",
-  "the open cockpit": "表示中のコックピット",
-  "Switching language reloads the page. This will be lost: {items}. Switch anyway?": "言語を切り替えるとページが再読み込みされます。次の内容は失われます：{items}。切り替えますか？",
   "VISUAL PRESETS": "ビジュアルプリセット",
   "LOCATION": "位置",
   "CONTACTS — nearest planes · vessels · sites": "コンタクト：最寄りの航空機 · 船舶 · 施設",
@@ -1711,7 +1706,6 @@
   "Space Missions": "宇宙ミッション",
   "Context": "コンテキスト",
   "Rendered globe frames per second · toggle with `": "地球儀の描画フレームレート（毎秒） · `キーで切り替え",
-  "imported map files": "インポートした地図ファイル",
   "Ground heights could not be refreshed. Try the file again when the map has loaded.": "地表高を更新できませんでした。地図の読み込み後に、もう一度このファイルをお試しください。",
   "{count} map objects": {
     "other": "地図オブジェクト{count}個"
@@ -2417,7 +2411,6 @@
   "Activate to toggle voice": "押すと音声のオン/オフを切り替え",
   "Voice active": "音声 オン",
   "Voice could not be started.": "音声を開始できませんでした。",
-  "the active voice session": "進行中の音声セッション",
   "{value} feet": "{value}フィート",
   "Fire · FRP {frp} MW": "火災 · FRP {frp} MW",
   "The flights layer is not enabled": "フライトレイヤーが有効になっていません",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index 82f306093..7af4ae72c 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
   "That line has no length — click somewhere further away.": "Essa linha não tem comprimento — clique em um ponto mais distante.",
   " · {max}-point limit reached": " · limite de {max} pontos atingido",
   "{measure} · double-click or Enter to finish, Backspace undoes, Esc cancels.{full}": "{measure} · clique duplo ou Enter para concluir, Backspace desfaz, Esc cancela.{full}",
-  "drawings on the map": "os desenhos no mapa",
   "That shape already has {count} points — finish it or press Backspace.": "Essa forma já tem {count} pontos — conclua-a ou pressione Backspace.",
   "That point is off the globe — click on the world.": "Esse ponto está fora do globo — clique sobre o mundo.",
   "That shape could not be placed.": "Não foi possível colocar essa forma.",
@@ -402,7 +401,6 @@
   "paste {envVar}": "cole {envVar}",
   "REMOVE": "REMOVER",
   "Remove {title} from this app's saved keys": "Remover {title} das chaves salvas deste app",
-  "unsaved provider keys": "chaves de provedores não salvas",
   "Project keys: {status}": "Chaves do projeto: {status}",
   "your app configuration": "sua configuração do app",
   "your local .env": "seu .env local",
@@ -1540,9 +1538,6 @@
   "Sensitivity": "Sensibilidade",
   "WHOT/BHOT": "WHOT/BHOT",
   "Ironbow": "Ironbow",
-  "unsaved CCTV calibration": "a calibração de CCTV não salva",
-  "the open cockpit": "a cabine aberta",
-  "Switching language reloads the page. This will be lost: {items}. Switch anyway?": "Mudar de idioma recarrega a página. Isto será perdido: {items}. Mudar mesmo assim?",
   "VISUAL PRESETS": "PREDEF. VISUAIS",
   "LOCATION": "LOCAL",
   "CONTACTS — nearest planes · vessels · sites": "CONTATOS — aviões · embarcações · locais mais próximos",
@@ -1767,7 +1762,6 @@
   "Space Missions": "Missões espaciais",
   "Context": "Contexto",
   "Rendered globe frames per second · toggle with `": "Quadros por segundo renderizados do globo · alterne com `",
-  "imported map files": "os arquivos importados no mapa",
   "Ground heights could not be refreshed. Try the file again when the map has loaded.": "Não foi possível atualizar as altitudes do terreno. Tente o arquivo de novo quando o mapa tiver carregado.",
   "{count} map objects": {
     "one": "{count} objeto no mapa",
@@ -2549,7 +2543,6 @@
   "Activate to toggle voice": "Ative para ligar ou desligar a voz",
   "Voice active": "Voz ativa",
   "Voice could not be started.": "Não foi possível iniciar a voz.",
-  "the active voice session": "a sessão de voz ativa",
   "{value} feet": "{value} pés",
   "Fire · FRP {frp} MW": "Incêndio · FRP {frp} MW",
   "The flights layer is not enabled": "A camada de voos não está ativada",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index 746288a94..a7d2e3483 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -2508,9 +2508,6 @@
   "ChatGPT sign-in timed out. Click {button} to try again.": "Время на вход в ChatGPT истекло. Нажмите «{button}», чтобы попробовать ещё раз.",
   "ChatGPT sign-in complete. OAuth will be used for the next cloud voice session.": "Вход в ChatGPT выполнен. В следующей облачной голосовой сессии будет использоваться OAuth.",
   "OAuth check failed: {detail}": "Не удалось проверить OAuth: {detail}",
-  "unsaved CCTV calibration": "несохранённая калибровка CCTV",
-  "the open cockpit": "открытая кабина",
-  "Switching language reloads the page. This will be lost: {items}. Switch anyway?": "Смена языка перезагрузит страницу. Будет потеряно: {items}. Всё равно сменить язык?",
   "Wind upstream unavailable": "Источник данных о ветре недоступен",
   "WebUSB needs desktop Chrome or Edge": "Для WebUSB нужен настольный Chrome или Edge",
   "connect a receiver in Radio": "подключите приёмник в разделе «Радио»",
@@ -2712,9 +2709,6 @@
   "KartaView answered HTTP {status}": "KartaView ответил: HTTP {status}",
   "KartaView refused the request (code {code})": "KartaView отклонил запрос (код {code})",
   "Stopped by voice": "Остановлено голосовой командой",
-  "drawings on the map": "рисунки на карте",
-  "imported map files": "импортированные файлы на карте",
-  "the active voice session": "активная голосовая сессия",
   "Light aircraft": "Лёгкий самолёт",
   "Glider": "Планёр",
   "Turboprop": "Турбовинтовой самолёт",
@@ -2925,7 +2919,6 @@
     "many": "потоки {names} некорректны",
     "other": "потоки {names} некорректны"
   },
-  "unsaved provider keys": "несохранённые ключи провайдеров",
   "Exit cockpit to fly to an aircraft": "Выйдите из кабины, чтобы перелететь к самолёту",
   "Exit cockpit to fly to a satellite": "Выйдите из кабины, чтобы перелететь к спутнику",
   "Exit cockpit to frame contacts": "Выйдите из кабины, чтобы показать контакты в кадре",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index c27ea6332..47326d900 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
   "That line has no length — click somewhere further away.": "Лінія не має довжини — клацніть далі.",
   " · {max}-point limit reached": " · досягнуто ліміту точок: {max}",
   "{measure} · double-click or Enter to finish, Backspace undoes, Esc cancels.{full}": "{measure} · подвійне клацання або Enter — завершити, Backspace — скасувати точку, Esc — скасувати.{full}",
-  "drawings on the map": "малюнки на карті",
   "That shape already has {count} points — finish it or press Backspace.": "Фігура вже має максимальну кількість точок ({count}) — завершіть її або натисніть Backspace.",
   "That point is off the globe — click on the world.": "Ця точка поза глобусом — клацніть на Землі.",
   "That shape could not be placed.": "Не вдалося розмістити фігуру.",
@@ -406,7 +405,6 @@
   "paste {envVar}": "вставте {envVar}",
   "REMOVE": "ВИДАЛИТИ",
   "Remove {title} from this app's saved keys": "Видалити {title} зі збережених ключів застосунку",
-  "unsaved provider keys": "незбережені ключі постачальників",
   "Project keys: {status}": "Ключі проєкту: {status}",
   "your app configuration": "вашої конфігурації застосунку",
   "your local .env": "вашого локального .env",
@@ -1560,9 +1558,6 @@
   "Sensitivity": "Чутливість",
   "WHOT/BHOT": "WHOT/BHOT",
   "Ironbow": "Ironbow",
-  "unsaved CCTV calibration": "незбережене калібрування CCTV",
-  "the open cockpit": "відкрита кабіна",
-  "Switching language reloads the page. This will be lost: {items}. Switch anyway?": "Зміна мови перезавантажить сторінку. Буде втрачено: {items}. Усе одно змінити мову?",
   "VISUAL PRESETS": "ВІЗУАЛЬНІ ПРЕСЕТИ",
   "LOCATION": "РОЗТАШУВАННЯ",
   "CONTACTS — nearest planes · vessels · sites": "КОНТАКТИ — найближчі літаки · судна · обʼєкти",
@@ -1794,7 +1789,6 @@
   "Space Missions": "Космічні місії",
   "Context": "Контекст",
   "Rendered globe frames per second · toggle with `": "Кадрів глобуса за секунду · перемикання клавішею `",
-  "imported map files": "імпортовані файли на карті",
   "Ground heights could not be refreshed. Try the file again when the map has loaded.": "Не вдалося оновити висоти рельєфу. Спробуйте імпортувати файл ще раз, коли карта завантажиться.",
   "{count} map objects": {
     "one": "{count} обʼєкт на карті",
@@ -2611,7 +2605,6 @@
   "Activate to toggle voice": "Активуйте, щоб увімкнути або вимкнути голос",
   "Voice active": "Голос активний",
   "Voice could not be started.": "Не вдалося запустити голос.",
-  "the active voice session": "активний голосовий сеанс",
   "{value} feet": "{value} фт",
   "Fire · FRP {frp} MW": "Пожежа · FRP {frp} МВт",
   "The flights layer is not enabled": "Шар рейсів не ввімкнено",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index dbffef805..65cb05f97 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
   "That line has no length — click somewhere further away.": "这条线没有长度——请在更远处点击。",
   " · {max}-point limit reached": " · 已达 {max} 个点上限",
   "{measure} · double-click or Enter to finish, Backspace undoes, Esc cancels.{full}": "{measure} · 双击或按 Enter 完成，按 Backspace 撤销，按 Esc 取消。{full}",
-  "drawings on the map": "地图上的绘图",
   "That shape already has {count} points — finish it or press Backspace.": "该形状已有 {count} 个点——请完成绘制或按 Backspace。",
   "That point is off the globe — click on the world.": "该点在地球之外——请点击地球上的位置。",
   "That shape could not be placed.": "该形状无法放置。",
@@ -394,7 +393,6 @@
   "paste {envVar}": "粘贴 {envVar}",
   "REMOVE": "移除",
   "Remove {title} from this app's saved keys": "从本应用已保存的密钥中移除 {title}",
-  "unsaved provider keys": "未保存的服务商密钥",
   "Project keys: {status}": "项目密钥：{status}",
   "your app configuration": "你的应用配置",
   "your local .env": "你的本地 .env",
@@ -1470,9 +1468,6 @@
   "Sensitivity": "灵敏度",
   "WHOT/BHOT": "WHOT/BHOT",
   "Ironbow": "Ironbow",
-  "unsaved CCTV calibration": "未保存的 CCTV 校准",
-  "the open cockpit": "当前打开的座舱",
-  "Switching language reloads the page. This will be lost: {items}. Switch anyway?": "切换语言会重新加载页面。以下内容将会丢失：{items}。仍要切换吗？",
   "VISUAL PRESETS": "视觉预设",
   "LOCATION": "位置",
   "CONTACTS — nearest planes · vessels · sites": "目标：最近的飞机 · 船舶 · 设施",
@@ -1686,7 +1681,6 @@
   "Space Missions": "太空任务",
   "Context": "态势",
   "Rendered globe frames per second · toggle with `": "每秒渲染的地球帧数 · 按 ` 键切换",
-  "imported map files": "已导入的地图文件",
   "Ground heights could not be refreshed. Try the file again when the map has loaded.": "无法刷新地面高度。请在地图加载完成后重新尝试该文件。",
   "{count} map objects": {
     "other": "{count} 个地图对象"
@@ -2315,7 +2309,6 @@
   "Activate to toggle voice": "点击切换语音",
   "Voice active": "语音已启用",
   "Voice could not be started.": "无法启动语音。",
-  "the active voice session": "当前语音会话",
   "{value} feet": "{value} 英尺",
   "The flights layer is not enabled": "航班图层未开启",
   "The military layer is not enabled": "军用航班图层未开启",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index f3f89690e..e292ff7b5 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
   "That line has no length — click somewhere further away.": "這條線沒有長度——請在更遠處點擊。",
   " · {max}-point limit reached": " · 已達 {max} 個點上限",
   "{measure} · double-click or Enter to finish, Backspace undoes, Esc cancels.{full}": "{measure} · 雙擊或按 Enter 完成，按 Backspace 撤銷，按 Esc 取消。{full}",
-  "drawings on the map": "地圖上的繪圖",
   "That shape already has {count} points — finish it or press Backspace.": "該形狀已有 {count} 個點——請完成繪製或按 Backspace。",
   "That point is off the globe — click on the world.": "該點在地球之外——請點擊地球上的位置。",
   "That shape could not be placed.": "該形狀無法放置。",
@@ -394,7 +393,6 @@
   "paste {envVar}": "粘貼 {envVar}",
   "REMOVE": "移除",
   "Remove {title} from this app's saved keys": "從本應用已保存的密鑰中移除 {title}",
-  "unsaved provider keys": "未保存的服務商密鑰",
   "Project keys: {status}": "項目密鑰：{status}",
   "your app configuration": "你的應用配置",
   "your local .env": "你的本地 .env",
@@ -1465,9 +1463,6 @@
   "Sensitivity": "靈敏度",
   "WHOT/BHOT": "WHOT/BHOT",
   "Ironbow": "Ironbow",
-  "unsaved CCTV calibration": "未保存的 CCTV 校準",
-  "the open cockpit": "當前打開的座艙",
-  "Switching language reloads the page. This will be lost: {items}. Switch anyway?": "切換語言會重新加載頁面。以下內容將會丟失：{items}。仍要切換嗎？",
   "VISUAL PRESETS": "視覺預設",
   "LOCATION": "位置",
   "CONTACTS — nearest planes · vessels · sites": "目標：最近的飛機 · 船舶 · 設施",
@@ -1676,7 +1671,6 @@
   "Space Missions": "太空任務",
   "Context": "態勢",
   "Rendered globe frames per second · toggle with `": "每秒渲染的地球幀數 · 按 ` 鍵切換",
-  "imported map files": "已導入的地圖文件",
   "Ground heights could not be refreshed. Try the file again when the map has loaded.": "無法刷新地面高度。請在地圖加載完成後重新嘗試該文件。",
   "{count} map objects": {
     "other": "{count} 個地圖對象"
@@ -2303,7 +2297,6 @@
   "Activate to toggle voice": "點擊切換語音",
   "Voice active": "語音已啟用",
   "Voice could not be started.": "無法啟動語音。",
-  "the active voice session": "當前語音會話",
   "{value} feet": "{value} 英尺",
   "The flights layer is not enabled": "航班圖層未開啟",
   "The military layer is not enabled": "軍用航班圖層未開啟",
diff --git a/src/keySetup.js b/src/keySetup.js
index 38f0542c5..dbd7bae7f 100644
--- a/src/keySetup.js
+++ b/src/keySetup.js
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import {
  * gev-provider-settings store.
  */
 
-import { t, msg, tn, registerUnsavedWork } from './i18n/index.js';
+import { t, msg, tn, onLocaleChange } from './i18n/index.js';
 
 /**
  * Chip label — pure, exported for tests (keySetup.test.mjs pins the English).
@@ -284,16 +284,10 @@ export async function initKeySetup({
       auth: { ...state.auth },
     });
   };
-  // Switching language (a reload) asks first while any field holds a key.
-  const unregisterUnsavedWork = registerUnsavedWork(() =>
-    Object.values(fields).some((value) => String(value ?? '').trim())
-      ? msg('unsaved provider keys')
-      : null,
-  );
   const destroy = () => {
     if (disposed) return;
     disposed = true;
-    unregisterUnsavedWork();
+    offLocale();
     lifetime.abort();
     signal?.removeEventListener('abort', destroy);
     open = false;
@@ -324,6 +318,11 @@ export async function initKeySetup({
     publish();
   };
 
+  // The chip and rows are translated here; show them again in a new locale.
+  const offLocale = onLocaleChange(() => {
+    if (status) render(status);
+  });
+
   const visible = () =>
     root.isConnected &&
     root.classList.contains('visible') &&
diff --git a/src/keySetup.test.mjs b/src/keySetup.test.mjs
index 0be1bb937..883ee1779 100644
--- a/src/keySetup.test.mjs
+++ b/src/keySetup.test.mjs
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import {
   initKeySetup,
 } from './keySetup.js';
 import { createPinia } from 'pinia';
-import { describeUnsavedWork } from './i18n/index.js';
 import { useProviderSettingsStore } from './ui/stores/providerSettings.js';
 
 const freshStore = () => useProviderSettingsStore(createPinia());
@@ -129,31 +128,3 @@ test('aborting pending setup removes its surface and ignores a late response', a
   assert.equal(await pending, null);
   assert.equal(store.view.available, false);
 });
-
-test('a pasted, unsaved key makes the language switch ask first until teardown', async () => {
-  const store = freshStore();
-  const root = { dataset: {} };
-  const controller = new AbortController();
-  const setup = await initKeySetup({
-    documentRef: {
-      getElementById: (id) => (id === 'key-setup' ? root : null),
-      addEventListener() {},
-      removeEventListener() {},
-    },
-    signal: controller.signal,
-    store,
-    fetchImpl: async () => ({
-      ok: true,
-      json: async () => ({ keys: [], setCount: 0, total: 1 }),
-    }),
-  });
-  assert.ok(setup);
-  assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), []);
-  store.controls.setField('GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY', '   ');
-  assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), []);
-  store.controls.setField('GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY', 'AIza-pasted');
-  assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), ['unsaved provider keys']);
-  // The field still holds the key, so only teardown dropping the check clears it.
-  controller.abort();
-  assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), []);
-});
diff --git a/src/layers/awareness/panel.js b/src/layers/awareness/panel.js
index 8c7e4b51c..af8f8bd84 100644
--- a/src/layers/awareness/panel.js
+++ b/src/layers/awareness/panel.js
@@ -2,7 +2,12 @@ import {
   formatAwarenessLabel,
   AWARENESS_RADIUS_M,
 } from '../../data/militaryAwarenessEngine.js';
-import { formatNumber, t, translateKnown } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+import {
+  formatNumber,
+  onLocaleChange,
+  t,
+  translateKnown,
+} from '../../i18n/index.js';
 import { formatQuantity } from '../../ui/unitLabels.js';
 import { AWARENESS_PAGE_SIZE, AWARENESS_PAGE_ROTATE_MS } from './policy.js';
 
@@ -73,6 +78,12 @@ export function createPanel({ state: layerState, parts }) {
   /** The panel shows layer views from the first enable or result onwards. */
   function ensurePanel() {
     layerState.panelShown = true;
+    // A shown view is worded again in a new locale.
+    layerState.offPanelLocale ??= onLocaleChange(() => {
+      const kind = layerState.panelView?.kind;
+      if (kind === 'results') renderResults();
+      else if (kind === 'standby') hidePanel();
+    });
   }
 
   function hidePanel() {
@@ -92,6 +103,8 @@ export function createPanel({ state: layerState, parts }) {
   /** Clear the panel when the layer is destroyed. */
   function clearPanel() {
     if (layerState.panelShown) publish({ kind: 'empty' });
+    layerState.offPanelLocale?.();
+    layerState.offPanelLocale = null;
     layerState.panelShown = false;
     layerState.panelView = null;
     layerState.panelSignature = '';
diff --git a/src/layers/launches/panel.js b/src/layers/launches/panel.js
index 88f4dfdbb..1da8f83b6 100644
--- a/src/layers/launches/panel.js
+++ b/src/layers/launches/panel.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
-import { t } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+import { onLocaleChange, t } from '../../i18n/index.js';
 import {
   MISSION_CLOSE_VIEW_RANGE_M,
   MISSION_GLOBE_VIEW_RANGE_M,
@@ -436,12 +436,20 @@ export function createPanel({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
         preview: scheduleMissionRosterPreview,
         clear: clearMissionRosterPreviewState,
       });
+    // The roster and mission are worded again in a new locale.
+    layerState._offMissionLocale = onLocaleChange(() => {
+      renderMissionRoster();
+      updateMissionTelemetry(true, false);
+      publishPanel();
+    });
     publishPanel();
   }
 
   /** Stop presenting; the components return to their initial markup. */
   function clearMissionPanel() {
     layerState._missionPanelReady = false;
+    layerState._offMissionLocale?.();
+    layerState._offMissionLocale = null;
     layerState._missionRosterPreviewOwnership = null;
     layerState._missionRosterView = null;
     layerState._missionRosterSignature = null;
diff --git a/src/layers/radio/presentation.js b/src/layers/radio/presentation.js
index c30889018..b874e09fe 100644
--- a/src/layers/radio/presentation.js
+++ b/src/layers/radio/presentation.js
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { getLocale } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+
 export function createPresentation({
   state: layerState,
   services,
@@ -10,9 +12,26 @@ export function createPresentation({
     return layerState._acceptedCatalogSnapshot;
   }
 
+  /** Build the station categories, labelled in the current locale. */
+
+  function buildCategories() {
+    layerState._categories = Object.freeze(
+      parts.categories
+        .buildRadioCategories(layerState._stations)
+        .map((category) => Object.freeze(category)),
+    );
+    layerState._categoriesLocale = getLocale();
+  }
+
   /** Return an immutable snapshot consumed by the right-rail UI. */
 
   function getRadioUIState() {
+    // Labels follow a language switch the next time the state is read.
+    if (
+      layerState._categories.length &&
+      layerState._categoriesLocale !== getLocale()
+    )
+      buildCategories();
     const visible = parts.queries.visibleStations();
     const selected = parts.queries.selectedStation();
     return Object.freeze({
@@ -98,6 +117,7 @@ export function createPresentation({
   return {
     getRadioAcceptedCatalogSnapshot,
     getRadioUIState,
+    buildCategories,
     emitState,
     subscribeToRadio,
     subscribeToRadioPlaybackControls,
diff --git a/src/layers/radio/rendering.js b/src/layers/radio/rendering.js
index 9b4e6b387..d38c79d78 100644
--- a/src/layers/radio/rendering.js
+++ b/src/layers/radio/rendering.js
@@ -295,11 +295,7 @@ export function createRendering({
     layerState._stationById = new Map(
       stations.map((station) => [station.id, station]),
     );
-    layerState._categories = Object.freeze(
-      parts.categories
-        .buildRadioCategories(stations)
-        .map((category) => Object.freeze(category)),
-    );
+    parts.presentation.buildCategories();
     if (
       layerState._filter === DEFAULT_RADIO_FILTER &&
       !parts.categories.filterRadioStations(stations, DEFAULT_RADIO_FILTER)
diff --git a/src/layers/radio/state.js b/src/layers/radio/state.js
index 918ebb989..e1436f1bb 100644
--- a/src/layers/radio/state.js
+++ b/src/layers/radio/state.js
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ export function createState({ services }) {
   layerState._stationById = new Map();
 
   layerState._categories = [];
+  layerState._categoriesLocale = null;
 
   layerState._renderById = new Map();
 
diff --git a/src/maps/controller.js b/src/maps/controller.js
index bfdd82033..442c18c0b 100644
--- a/src/maps/controller.js
+++ b/src/maps/controller.js
@@ -93,8 +93,10 @@ export class MapSourceController {
     return Boolean(source && source.available !== false);
   }
   _unavailableReason(stack) {
+    // A source may give its reason as a function, read in the current locale.
+    const reason = this._sources.get(stack?.id)?.unavailableReason;
     return (
-      this._sources.get(stack?.id)?.unavailableReason ||
+      (typeof reason === 'function' ? reason() : reason) ||
       `${stack?.label || 'This map stack'} is unavailable`
     );
   }
diff --git a/src/maps/defaultSources.js b/src/maps/defaultSources.js
index f69b21e31..a12aea29a 100644
--- a/src/maps/defaultSources.js
+++ b/src/maps/defaultSources.js
@@ -34,17 +34,20 @@ export function createDefaultMapSources({
       const common = {
         descriptor,
         available: !descriptor.requiresIon || hasIon,
+        // Read when shown, so it follows the locale.
         unavailableReason: descriptor.requiresIon
-          ? t('Needs {envVars} — add it in Provider Settings', {
-              envVars: keySetupRequirementEnvVars('cesium-ion'),
-            })
+          ? () =>
+              t('Needs {envVars} — add it in Provider Settings', {
+                envVars: keySetupRequirementEnvVars('cesium-ion'),
+              })
           : null,
       };
       if (descriptor.kind === 'photoreal')
         return {
           ...common,
           available: Boolean(googleTileset),
-          unavailableReason: photorealUnavailableReason(hasIon || hasGoogle),
+          unavailableReason: () =>
+            photorealUnavailableReason(hasIon || hasGoogle),
           tileset: googleTileset,
         };
       const imagery =
diff --git a/src/scenes/director.js b/src/scenes/director.js
index 180fb3332..051ce89a8 100644
--- a/src/scenes/director.js
+++ b/src/scenes/director.js
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import {
   getSceneAppendRecipeById,
 } from './recipes.js';
 import { sceneLayerPlan, sceneRequiresContextModeExit } from './scenePolicy.js';
-import { t, tn, msg } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { t, tn, msg, onLocaleChange } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { createSceneDataPacks } from './dataPacks/controller.js';
 import { createSceneInteractions } from './interactions.js';
 import { createSceneSharing } from './sharing.js';
@@ -176,17 +176,21 @@ export class SceneDirector {
     /** @type {string|null} Scene whose layer state most recently landed. */
     this._loadedSceneId = null;
 
+    const readError = this._storageReadError;
     this._presentation = {
-      status: this._storageReadError
-        ? t(
-            'Saved project could not be read; storage preserved. Import a valid file to resume saving.',
-          )
-        : t('Ready'),
+      status: '',
       progress: 0,
       runtime: '',
       playbackActive: false,
       keyboardEnabled: false,
     };
+    this._setStatus(() =>
+      readError
+        ? t(
+            'Saved project could not be read; storage preserved. Import a valid file to resume saving.',
+          )
+        : t('Ready'),
+    );
     this._state = createStateChannel(() => ({
       ...this.getPlaybackStatus(),
       ...this._presentation,
@@ -212,6 +216,12 @@ export class SceneDirector {
       }
     }
     this._initUI();
+    // A status the director wrote itself follows the language; one it was
+    // handed (an error message) stays as it is.
+    this._offLocale = onLocaleChange(() => {
+      if (typeof this._statusText === 'function')
+        this._updateStatus(this._statusText);
+    });
     this._visibilityUnsubscribe =
       this.dataManager.subscribeVisibilityRequests?.((change) => {
         if (
@@ -247,6 +257,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
     this._interactions?.destroy();
     this._dataPacks?.destroy();
     this._controls?.destroy();
+    this._offLocale?.();
     this._state.destroy();
     this._destroyPromise = Promise.resolve().then(async () => {
       this.stopScene(msg('Stopped'));
@@ -324,7 +335,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
   /** Persist the current project state to localStorage with an updated timestamp. */
   _saveProject() {
     if (this._storageReadError) {
-      this._toastStorageError(
+      this._toastStorageError(() =>
         t(
           'Scene not saved — existing saved project could not be read. Export edits or import a valid file.',
         ),
@@ -352,22 +363,26 @@ export class SceneDirector {
       );
       this._toastStorageError(
         invalid
-          ? t('Scene not saved — {reason}', {
-              reason: sceneSaveFailureReason(e),
-            })
+          ? () =>
+              t('Scene not saved — {reason}', {
+                reason: sceneSaveFailureReason(e),
+              })
           : undefined,
       );
       return false;
     }
   }
 
-  /** Surface a "scene not saved" notice via the global toast + scene status line. */
+  /**
+   * Surface a "scene not saved" notice via the global toast + scene status
+   * line. `message` words it, so the status line follows the locale.
+   */
   _toastStorageError(
-    message = t('Scene not saved — browser storage unavailable'),
+    message = () => t('Scene not saved — browser storage unavailable'),
   ) {
     this._updateStatus(message);
     this._storageToast ??= createToast({ durationMs: 2600 });
-    this._storageToast.show(message);
+    this._storageToast.show(message());
   }
 
   /** Immutable playback snapshots and completed editing actions. */
@@ -381,10 +396,12 @@ export class SceneDirector {
 
   _shotOutcome(type, scene, shot, index = scene.shots.indexOf(shot)) {
     if (type === 'shot-loaded')
-      this._presentation.status = t('Loaded: {scene} / {shot}', {
-        scene: displaySceneTitle(scene),
-        shot: displayShotTitle(shot.title, shot, scene),
-      });
+      this._setStatus(() =>
+        t('Loaded: {scene} / {shot}', {
+          scene: displaySceneTitle(scene),
+          shot: displayShotTitle(shot.title, shot, scene),
+        }),
+      );
     this._publish({
       type,
       sceneId: scene.id,
@@ -786,7 +803,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
               (shot, index) => shot.title === requiredShotTitles[index],
             ));
       if (!inventoryMatches) {
-        this._updateStatus(
+        this._updateStatus(() =>
           t('Cannot update {scene}: shot inventory changed', {
             scene: t(recipe.title),
           }),
@@ -819,7 +836,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
           (beatId, index) => beatId === requiredSourcePackBeatIds[index],
         );
       if (!sourcePackMatches) {
-        this._updateStatus(
+        this._updateStatus(() =>
           t('Cannot update {scene}: evidence beats changed', {
             scene: t(recipe.title),
           }),
@@ -844,7 +861,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
       shot: resolvePatchedShot(patch),
     }));
     if (resolvedPatches.some(({ shot }) => !shot)) {
-      this._updateStatus(
+      this._updateStatus(() =>
         t('Cannot update {scene}: shot bindings are incomplete', {
           scene: t(recipe.title),
         }),
@@ -925,7 +942,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
       this._renderShotList();
     }
     if (announce && saved) {
-      this._updateStatus(
+      this._updateStatus(() =>
         marker
           ? tn(
               patchedShotCount,
@@ -960,7 +977,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
 
     const camera = this.styleManager.getCameraState();
     if (!camera) {
-      this._updateStatus(t('Cannot capture shot: camera not ready'));
+      this._updateStatus(() => t('Cannot capture shot: camera not ready'));
       return;
     }
 
@@ -983,7 +1000,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
     const saved = this._saveProject();
     this._shotOutcome('shot-captured', scene, shot);
     if (saved) {
-      this._updateStatus(
+      this._updateStatus(() =>
         t('Captured: {scene} / {shot}', {
           scene: displaySceneTitle(scene),
           shot: displayShotTitle(shot.title, shot, scene),
@@ -1002,7 +1019,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
 
     const shot = scene.shots.find((item) => item.id === this._selectedShotId);
     if (!shot) {
-      this._updateStatus(t('Select a shot first'));
+      this._updateStatus(() => t('Select a shot first'));
       return;
     }
 
@@ -1018,7 +1035,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
     const saved = this._saveProject();
     this._shotOutcome('shot-updated', scene, shot);
     if (saved) {
-      this._updateStatus(
+      this._updateStatus(() =>
         t('Updated: {scene} / {shot}', {
           scene: displaySceneTitle(scene),
           shot: displayShotTitle(shot.title, shot, scene),
@@ -1130,7 +1147,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
       const released = await this._releaseSceneLayers(previousScene, token);
       if (!released || token.cancelled) {
         if (!token.cancelled)
-          this._updateStatus(
+          this._updateStatus(() =>
             t('Could not leave scene: {scene}', {
               scene: displaySceneTitle(previousScene),
             }),
@@ -1184,7 +1201,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
         seeking: true,
       });
       if (this._loadAbort === controller) this._loadAbort = null;
-      this._updateStatus(
+      this._updateStatus(() =>
         t('Seeked: {scene} / {shot}', {
           scene: displaySceneTitle(scene),
           shot: displayShotTitle(shot.title, shot, scene),
@@ -1634,7 +1651,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
       running: false,
       seeking: true,
     });
-    this._updateStatus(
+    this._updateStatus(() =>
       t('Seeked: {scene} / {shot}', {
         scene: displaySceneTitle(scene),
         shot: displayShotTitle(shot.title, shot, scene),
@@ -1721,7 +1738,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
       this._claimingCamera = false;
     }
     if (claimed === false) {
-      this._updateStatus(t('Camera unavailable — exit cockpit first'));
+      this._updateStatus(() => t('Camera unavailable — exit cockpit first'));
       return false;
     }
     return true;
@@ -1856,7 +1873,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
       if (!queue.length) return { started: false, reason: 'scene-complete' };
     }
     if (!queue.length) {
-      this._updateStatus(t('No shots to run'));
+      this._updateStatus(() => t('No shots to run'));
       return { started: false, reason: 'no-shots' };
     }
 
@@ -1941,7 +1958,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
         releaseOnFinish: preview,
       });
     } catch (error) {
-      this._updateStatus(
+      this._updateStatus(() =>
         t('Error: {message}', {
           message: error.message || 'run failed',
         }),
@@ -2010,7 +2027,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
     if (!this._running || !this._runToken) return;
     this._runToken.cancelled = true;
     this._runAbort?.abort();
-    this._updateStatus(t(reason));
+    this._updateStatus(() => t(reason));
     this._logEvent('scene_stopped', { reason });
   }
 
@@ -2066,7 +2083,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
     }
     if (action.type === 'shot') {
       if (this._interactionTransitions >= 64) {
-        this._updateStatus(
+        this._updateStatus(() =>
           t('Scene transition limit reached — load a shot to reset'),
         );
         return false;
@@ -2110,7 +2127,9 @@ export class SceneDirector {
     try {
       payload = stringifySceneDocument(this._project);
     } catch (error) {
-      this._updateStatus(t('Export failed: {error}', { error: error.message }));
+      this._updateStatus(() =>
+        t('Export failed: {error}', { error: error.message }),
+      );
       return;
     }
     // Trigger a browser download via a temporary anchor element
@@ -2123,7 +2142,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
     link.click();
     link.remove();
     URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
-    this._presentation.status = t('Project exported');
+    this._setStatus(() => t('Project exported'));
     this._publish({ type: 'project-exported', project: this._project });
   }
 
@@ -2183,7 +2202,8 @@ export class SceneDirector {
       this._loadedSceneId = null;
       const saved = this._saveProject();
       this._publish({ type: 'project-imported', project });
-      if (saved) this._updateStatus(t('Imported {file}', { file: file.name }));
+      if (saved)
+        this._updateStatus(() => t('Imported {file}', { file: file.name }));
       return true;
     } catch (error) {
       if (
@@ -2192,7 +2212,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
         generation !== this._importGeneration
       )
         return false;
-      this._updateStatus(
+      this._updateStatus(() =>
         error instanceof SceneDocumentError
           ? t('Import failed: {error}', { error: error.message })
           : t('Import failed (could not read JSON file)'),
@@ -2302,7 +2322,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
     }
 
     if (refused.length) {
-      this._updateStatus(
+      this._updateStatus(() =>
         t('Layers refused: {layers}', { layers: refused.join(', ') }),
       );
       this._logEvent('shot_layers_refused', { layerIds: [...refused] });
@@ -2394,7 +2414,7 @@ export class SceneDirector {
         `[Scenes] Could not exit ${mode}:`,
         result.error || 'unknown reason',
       );
-      this._updateStatus(
+      this._updateStatus(() =>
         t('Could not exit {mode} — scene layers may be refused', { mode }),
       );
       this._logEvent('context_mode_exit_failed', {
@@ -2627,10 +2647,20 @@ export class SceneDirector {
    * @param {string} text
    */
   _updateStatus(text) {
-    this._presentation.status = text;
+    this._setStatus(text);
     this._publish({ type: 'status-changed' });
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Set the status line without publishing. A function is called again when
+   * the locale changes, so its text follows the language.
+   * @param {string|(() => string)} text
+   */
+  _setStatus(text) {
+    this._statusText = text;
+    this._presentation.status = typeof text === 'function' ? text() : text;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Set the runtime label (scene/shot name) and toggle its active class.
    * @param {string} text - Empty string hides the label
diff --git a/src/scenes/director.test.mjs b/src/scenes/director.test.mjs
index aad01054d..80328b040 100644
--- a/src/scenes/director.test.mjs
+++ b/src/scenes/director.test.mjs
@@ -1930,7 +1930,7 @@ test('invalid authored edits cannot persist an unreadable project over a good sa
   try {
     const before = localStorage.getItem('godsEyeView.sceneProject.v2');
     let notice;
-    director._toastStorageError = (message) => { notice = message; };
+    director._toastStorageError = (message) => { notice = message(); };
     director._project.scenes[0].shots[0].camera.lat = 91;
     director._saveProject();
     assert.equal(localStorage.getItem('godsEyeView.sceneProject.v2'), before);
diff --git a/src/scenes/playbackAdapter.js b/src/scenes/playbackAdapter.js
index e44286988..b24785ac0 100644
--- a/src/scenes/playbackAdapter.js
+++ b/src/scenes/playbackAdapter.js
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export function createScenePlaybackAdapter(director, defaultShotDurationSec) {
       director._selectedShotId = shot.id;
       director._renderSceneSelect();
       director._renderShotList();
-      director._updateStatus(
+      director._updateStatus(() =>
         t('Running {index}/{total}: {scene} / {shot}', {
           index: index + 1,
           total,
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ export function createScenePlaybackAdapter(director, defaultShotDurationSec) {
     },
     complete() {
       director._setProgress(1);
-      director._updateStatus(t('Scene run complete'));
+      director._updateStatus(() => t('Scene run complete'));
       director._logEvent('scene_run_complete', {});
     },
   };
diff --git a/src/scenes/sceneTitleDisplay.test.mjs b/src/scenes/sceneTitleDisplay.test.mjs
index c476a2000..957f3eec9 100644
--- a/src/scenes/sceneTitleDisplay.test.mjs
+++ b/src/scenes/sceneTitleDisplay.test.mjs
@@ -94,7 +94,9 @@ test('the Scene status line shows an operator-typed shot title as typed', async
   const director = {
     _renderSceneSelect() {},
     _renderShotList() {},
-    _updateStatus: (text) => statuses.push(text),
+    // The director words its status through a function (it follows the locale).
+    _updateStatus: (text) =>
+      statuses.push(typeof text === 'function' ? text() : text),
     _logEvent() {},
   };
   const adapter = createScenePlaybackAdapter(director, 4);
diff --git a/src/scenes/sharing.js b/src/scenes/sharing.js
index e418c0318..9b3878fef 100644
--- a/src/scenes/sharing.js
+++ b/src/scenes/sharing.js
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ export function createSceneSharing(director) {
     const scene = director._getSelectedScene(),
       shot = scene?.shots.find((s) => s.id === director._selectedShotId);
     if (!scene || !shot) {
-      director._updateStatus(t('Select a scene and shot first'));
+      director._updateStatus(() => t('Select a scene and shot first'));
       return;
     }
     const owner = open(t('Edit scene details'));
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ export function createSceneSharing(director) {
         director._selectedSceneId,
       );
     } catch {
-      director._updateStatus(t('Select a scene first'));
+      director._updateStatus(() => t('Select a scene first'));
       return;
     }
     const owner = open(t('Share selected scene'));
diff --git a/src/sdr/controller.js b/src/sdr/controller.js
index 260ad6647..8d7707e95 100644
--- a/src/sdr/controller.js
+++ b/src/sdr/controller.js
@@ -17,7 +17,13 @@ import {
   selectAuthorizedSdrDevice,
 } from './usbDevices.js';
 import { summarizeLocalAdsb } from '../sources/adsbRecords.js';
-import { formatNumber, msg, t, translateKnown } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import {
+  formatNumber,
+  msg,
+  onLocaleChange,
+  t,
+  translateKnown,
+} from '../i18n/index.js';
 
 export { createRememberingWebUsb } from './usbDevices.js';
 
@@ -302,20 +308,29 @@ function describeConnectionError(error) {
   return message || msg('RTL-SDR connection failed');
 }
 
+/** State fields `_setState` keeps as functions to word again (see _reword). */
+const WORDED_FIELDS = ['message', 'seekMessage'];
+
 /**
  * State fields for a receiver error: `message` in the UI language for the
  * Radio card, `errorText` as English data for the Local ADS-B layer's stats.
  * A new connection, a mode switch and stop() clear `errorText` again.
  * @param {string} text English error text (ours or the browser's).
  */
+
 function errorState(text) {
-  return { status: 'error', message: translateKnown(text), errorText: text };
+  return {
+    status: 'error',
+    message: () => translateKnown(text),
+    errorText: text,
+  };
 }
 
 function streamingMessage(mode) {
-  return mode === 'adsb'
-    ? t('Receiving 1090 MHz ADS-B')
-    : t('Receiving broadcast FM');
+  return () =>
+    mode === 'adsb'
+      ? t('Receiving 1090 MHz ADS-B')
+      : t('Receiving broadcast FM');
 }
 
 /**
@@ -351,9 +366,7 @@ export class SdrController {
       webUsbSupported,
       connected: false,
       status: webUsbSupported ? 'idle' : 'unsupported',
-      message: webUsbSupported
-        ? t('Connect an RTL-SDR to begin.')
-        : t('WebUSB is unavailable in this browser'),
+      message: '',
       mode: 'fm',
       frequencyHz: FM_DEFAULT_HZ,
       sampleRate: FM_SAMPLE_RATE,
@@ -378,6 +391,14 @@ export class SdrController {
       iqLevelDbfs: null,
       audioLevelDbfs: null,
     };
+    this._wording = {
+      message: webUsbSupported
+        ? () => t('Connect an RTL-SDR to begin.')
+        : () => t('WebUSB is unavailable in this browser'),
+      seekMessage: null,
+    };
+    this.state.message = this._wording.message();
+    this._offLocale = null;
     this._listeners = new Set();
     this._provider = null;
     this._device = null;
@@ -473,12 +494,33 @@ export class SdrController {
 
   subscribe(listener) {
     if (typeof listener !== 'function') return () => {};
+    // Messages are worded again in a new locale while anyone listens; a
+    // first listener after a change gets them in the current one.
+    if (!this._offLocale) {
+      this._wordState();
+      this._offLocale = onLocaleChange(() => this._reword());
+    }
     this._listeners.add(listener);
     listener(this.getState());
-    return () => this._listeners.delete(listener);
+    return () => {
+      this._listeners.delete(listener);
+      if (this._listeners.size) return;
+      this._offLocale?.();
+      this._offLocale = null;
+    };
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Apply `patch` and tell the listeners. A message given as a function is
+   * kept, so a locale change can word it again; a string stays as it is.
+   */
   _setState(patch) {
+    for (const field of WORDED_FIELDS) {
+      if (!Object.hasOwn(patch, field)) continue;
+      const value = patch[field];
+      this._wording[field] = typeof value === 'function' ? value : null;
+      if (this._wording[field]) patch = { ...patch, [field]: value() };
+    }
     Object.assign(this.state, patch);
     const snapshot = this.getState();
     for (const listener of this._listeners) {
@@ -490,6 +532,18 @@ export class SdrController {
     }
   }
 
+  /** Word the kept messages again in the current locale, without telling. */
+  _wordState() {
+    for (const field of WORDED_FIELDS)
+      if (this._wording[field]) this.state[field] = this._wording[field]();
+  }
+
+  /** Word the kept messages again and tell the listeners. */
+  _reword() {
+    this._wordState();
+    this._setState({});
+  }
+
   _queueUsb(operation) {
     const epoch = this._usbEpoch;
     const gate = this._usbGate;
@@ -1074,7 +1128,7 @@ export class SdrController {
     if (!this.state.webUsbSupported) {
       this._setState({
         status: 'unsupported',
-        message: t('WebUSB requires desktop Chrome or Edge'),
+        message: () => t('WebUSB requires desktop Chrome or Edge'),
       });
       return false;
     }
@@ -1083,7 +1137,7 @@ export class SdrController {
     const superseded = () => this._destroyed || token !== this._sessionToken;
     this._setState({
       status: 'connecting',
-      message: t('Waiting for an RTL-SDR device…'),
+      message: () => t('Waiting for an RTL-SDR device…'),
       errorText: null,
     });
     let acquisition = null;
@@ -1554,9 +1608,10 @@ export class SdrController {
       status: 'tuning',
       mode: nextMode,
       gain: this._gainByMode[nextMode],
-      message: t('Switching to {mode}…', {
-        mode: nextMode === 'adsb' ? 'ADS-B' : 'FM',
-      }),
+      message: () =>
+        t('Switching to {mode}…', {
+          mode: nextMode === 'adsb' ? 'ADS-B' : 'FM',
+        }),
       errorText: null,
     });
     try {
@@ -1675,9 +1730,10 @@ export class SdrController {
         ...(quiet
           ? {}
           : {
-              message: t('Tuned to {mhz} MHz FM', {
-                mhz: formatMhz(frequency),
-              }),
+              message: () =>
+                t('Tuned to {mhz} MHz FM', {
+                  mhz: formatMhz(frequency),
+                }),
             }),
       });
       return true;
@@ -1709,7 +1765,8 @@ export class SdrController {
     const token = ++this._seekToken;
     this._setState({
       seeking: true,
-      seekMessage: seekDirection > 0 ? t('Seeking up…') : t('Seeking down…'),
+      seekMessage: () =>
+        seekDirection > 0 ? t('Seeking up…') : t('Seeking down…'),
     });
     this._audioNode?.port.postMessage({ type: 'volume', value: 0 });
     try {
@@ -1726,12 +1783,16 @@ export class SdrController {
         // tuneFm reports the failure; no spectrum is valid for this frame.
         if (!(await this.tuneFm(center, { quiet: true }))) {
           if (token === this._seekToken)
-            this._setState({ seeking: false, seekMessage: t('Seek stopped') });
+            this._setState({
+              seeking: false,
+              seekMessage: () => t('Seek stopped'),
+            });
           return null;
         }
         const sequence = this._spectrumSequence;
         this._setState({
-          seekMessage: t('Scanning {mhz} MHz…', { mhz: formatMhz(center) }),
+          seekMessage: () =>
+            t('Scanning {mhz} MHz…', { mhz: formatMhz(center) }),
         });
         if (
           !(await this._waitForSpectrum(sequence)) ||
@@ -1752,13 +1813,15 @@ export class SdrController {
         await this.tuneFm(peak.frequency, { quiet: true });
         this._setState({
           seeking: false,
-          seekMessage: t('Found {mhz} MHz · {snr} dB', {
-            mhz: formatMhz(peak.frequency),
-            snr: formatOneDecimal(peak.snr),
-          }),
-          message: t('FM signal found at {mhz} MHz', {
-            mhz: formatMhz(peak.frequency),
-          }),
+          seekMessage: () =>
+            t('Found {mhz} MHz · {snr} dB', {
+              mhz: formatMhz(peak.frequency),
+              snr: formatOneDecimal(peak.snr),
+            }),
+          message: () =>
+            t('FM signal found at {mhz} MHz', {
+              mhz: formatMhz(peak.frequency),
+            }),
         });
         return peak;
       }
@@ -1766,7 +1829,7 @@ export class SdrController {
         await this.tuneFm(origin, { quiet: true });
         this._setState({
           seeking: false,
-          seekMessage: t('No FM signal found'),
+          seekMessage: () => t('No FM signal found'),
         });
       }
       return null;
@@ -1783,7 +1846,7 @@ export class SdrController {
   cancelSeek() {
     this._seekToken += 1;
     if (!this.state.seeking) return false;
-    this._setState({ seeking: false, seekMessage: t('Seek stopped') });
+    this._setState({ seeking: false, seekMessage: () => t('Seek stopped') });
     this._audioNode?.port.postMessage({
       type: 'volume',
       value: this.state.volume,
@@ -1803,7 +1866,7 @@ export class SdrController {
     if (typeof navigator === 'undefined' || !navigator.geolocation) {
       this._setState({
         locationStatus: 'unavailable',
-        message: t('Browser location is unavailable'),
+        message: () => t('Browser location is unavailable'),
       });
       return false;
     }
@@ -1830,7 +1893,7 @@ export class SdrController {
       console.warn('[SDR] Receiver location failed:', error);
       this._setState({
         locationStatus: 'denied',
-        message: t('Receiver location was not granted'),
+        message: () => t('Receiver location was not granted'),
       });
       return false;
     }
@@ -1873,7 +1936,10 @@ export class SdrController {
       status: preserveMessage ? this.state.status : idleStatus,
       ...(preserveMessage
         ? {}
-        : { message: message || t('RTL-SDR disconnected'), errorText: null }),
+        : {
+            message: message || (() => t('RTL-SDR disconnected')),
+            errorText: null,
+          }),
       snr: null,
       samplesPerSecond: 0,
       workerBlocks: 0,
@@ -1893,6 +1959,8 @@ export class SdrController {
     this._audioNode = null;
     this.state.audioState = 'closed';
     this._listeners.clear();
+    this._offLocale?.();
+    this._offLocale = null;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/sdr/sdrLocaleSwitch.test.mjs b/src/sdr/sdrLocaleSwitch.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f499f0e6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/sdr/sdrLocaleSwitch.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// The receiver's messages follow a language switch while anyone listens,
+// reach a later listener in the current language, and stop following once
+// the controller is destroyed.
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { setLocale, t } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { SdrController } from './controller.js';
+
+const UNAVAILABLE = 'WebUSB is unavailable in this browser';
+
+test('a listener hears the message worded again after a switch', () => {
+  const c = new SdrController({ storage: null, webUsb: null });
+  const seen = [];
+  const off = c.subscribe((state) => seen.push(state.message));
+  try {
+    setLocale('es');
+    assert.equal(seen.at(-1), t(UNAVAILABLE));
+    assert.notEqual(seen.at(-1), UNAVAILABLE);
+  } finally {
+    off();
+    setLocale('en');
+  }
+});
+
+test('a listener that subscribes after a switch gets the current language', () => {
+  const c = new SdrController({ storage: null, webUsb: null });
+  c.subscribe(() => {})();
+  setLocale('ru');
+  try {
+    let first;
+    const off = c.subscribe((state) => (first ??= state.message));
+    off();
+    assert.equal(first, t(UNAVAILABLE));
+  } finally {
+    setLocale('en');
+  }
+});
+
+test('a destroyed controller no longer follows the language', async () => {
+  const c = new SdrController({ storage: null, webUsb: null });
+  c.subscribe(() => {});
+  await c.destroy();
+  let reworded = 0;
+  c._reword = () => reworded++;
+  setLocale('es');
+  setLocale('en');
+  assert.equal(reworded, 0);
+});
diff --git a/src/sharelink.lang.test.mjs b/src/sharelink.lang.test.mjs
index fee4241f1..4cb48ddc7 100644
--- a/src/sharelink.lang.test.mjs
+++ b/src/sharelink.lang.test.mjs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { test } from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import { ShareLinkManager } from './sharelink.js';
 import { resolveLocale } from './i18n/locale.js';
-import { persistLocaleAndReload } from './i18n/index.js';
+import { persistLocale } from './i18n/index.js';
 
 function makeManager(href) {
   globalThis.window = { location: { href, hash: new URL(href).hash } };
@@ -53,10 +53,6 @@ test('with storage blocked the language picker keeps the choice in ?lang', () =>
     get href() {
       return href;
     },
-    assign(next) {
-      href = next;
-    },
-    reload() {},
   };
   const history = {
     replaceState: (_s, _t, url) => {
@@ -68,7 +64,7 @@ test('with storage blocked the language picker keeps the choice in ?lang', () =>
       throw new Error('blocked');
     },
   };
-  persistLocaleAndReload('ru', { location, history, storage: blocked });
+  persistLocale('ru', { location, history, storage: blocked });
   // Storage blocked: the choice survives only in ?lang.
   assert.equal(new URL(href).searchParams.get('lang'), 'ru');
 });
diff --git a/src/standalone/application.js b/src/standalone/application.js
index db7b21b38..fe152fd9b 100644
--- a/src/standalone/application.js
+++ b/src/standalone/application.js
@@ -7,7 +7,12 @@ import { createStandaloneControls } from './controls.js';
 import { createStandaloneData } from './data.js';
 import { createStandaloneTools } from './tools.js';
 import { resolveLocale, applyDocumentLanguage } from '../i18n/locale.js';
-import { applyDocumentTranslations, setLocale } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import {
+  applyDocumentTranslations,
+  getLocale,
+  onLocaleChange,
+  setLocale,
+} from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { mountApplicationViews } from '../ui/views/index.js';
 import { createGoogleTokenSource } from '../maps/googleTokens.js';
 
@@ -31,7 +36,7 @@ export function createStandaloneApplication({
   // and every catalog lookup agree from the first painted frame. Module
   // scripts execute after parsing, so the DOM is ready here: the views
   // translate as they render, and the page's static data-i18n* markup (the
-  // loading screen) is translated once.
+  // loading screen) is translated here and after every language switch.
   const activeLocale = resolveLocale();
   setLocale(activeLocale);
   applyDocumentLanguage(document, activeLocale);
@@ -44,6 +49,13 @@ export function createStandaloneApplication({
   let catalog;
   return createApplication({
     createScene: async (context) => {
+      // A language switch applies in place; the page's own markup follows.
+      context.defer(
+        onLocaleChange(() => {
+          applyDocumentLanguage(document, getLocale());
+          applyDocumentTranslations(document);
+        }),
+      );
       placeSearch = createStandalonePlaceSearch({
         // The bundled city and landmark data the offline name provider reads.
         // The search package takes it as plain data rather than importing it,
diff --git a/src/ui/applicationShell.js b/src/ui/applicationShell.js
index 5a461f98d..c3ad27c14 100644
--- a/src/ui/applicationShell.js
+++ b/src/ui/applicationShell.js
@@ -42,11 +42,10 @@ import {
 import { runCctvLayerEnableTransition } from '../cctvFocusPolicy.js';
 
 import {
-  describeUnsavedWork,
   getLocale,
-  msg,
-  persistLocaleAndReload,
-  registerUnsavedWork,
+  onLocaleChange,
+  persistLocale,
+  setLocale,
   t,
 } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { applyLocaleChoice } from './localePicker.js';
@@ -721,63 +720,50 @@ export class StyleManager extends ShellFacade {
 
   /**
    * Publishes the language picker, which ProviderSettingsView renders. A
-   * choice reloads the page; _confirmLocaleReload asks first when that would
-   * lose work.
+   * choice switches the page's language in place and is kept for the next
+   * visit; the Display panel's label column is sized again for it.
    * @returns {void}
    */
   _initLocaleSelector() {
-    // Work this shell can see that a reload drops. Other modules register
-    // their own (registerUnsavedWork in src/i18n/index.js).
-    this._unsavedWorkChecks = [
-      registerUnsavedWork(() =>
-        this.services?.cctvLayer
-          ?.getUIState?.()
-          ?.cameras?.some((camera) => camera.calDirty)
-          ? msg('unsaved CCTV calibration')
-          : null,
-      ),
-      registerUnsavedWork(() =>
-        this.cockpitView?.active ? msg('the open cockpit') : null,
-      ),
-    ];
+    this._lifetime.own(
+      onLocaleChange(() => nextTick(() => this._sizeDisplayLabelColumn())),
+    );
     // A host that does not initialize Core's locale shows no picker.
     if (this._localePickerEnabled === false) return;
+    this._publishLocalePicker();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {{focus?: boolean}} [options] Focus the picker's button, as after
+   *   a choice: the picker is drawn again for the new language.
+   */
+  _publishLocalePicker({ focus = false } = {}) {
     useLocaleStore(applicationPinia()).publishPicker({
       current: getLocale(),
       onSelect: (locale) => this._chooseLocale(locale),
+      focus,
     });
   }
 
   /**
    * Switch to `locale`: nothing for the active language, otherwise store it
-   * and reload once _confirmLocaleReload agrees.
+   * and apply it to the page.
    * @param {string} locale
-   * @returns {'unchanged'|'declined'|'switched'}
+   * @returns {'unchanged'|'switched'}
    */
   _chooseLocale(locale) {
     return applyLocaleChoice(locale, {
       current: getLocale(),
-      confirmSwitch: () => this._confirmLocaleReload(),
-      switchLocale: (next) => persistLocaleAndReload(next),
+      switchLocale: (next) => {
+        setLocale(persistLocale(next));
+        // Focus once, as the redrawn picker mounts; a later remount leaves
+        // focus where it is.
+        this._publishLocalePicker({ focus: true });
+        void nextTick(() => this._publishLocalePicker());
+      },
     });
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Switching language reloads the page. While that would lose work the page
-   * cannot restore, ask first.
-   * @returns {boolean} true to switch.
-   */
-  _confirmLocaleReload() {
-    const lost = describeUnsavedWork();
-    if (!lost.length || typeof globalThis.confirm !== 'function') return true;
-    return globalThis.confirm(
-      t(
-        'Switching language reloads the page. This will be lost: {items}. Switch anyway?',
-        { items: lost.join(', ') },
-      ),
-    );
-  }
-
   /**
    * Sizes one Display-panel label column to the longest label in the active
    * language, so slider tracks line up. Counts characters (labels are
@@ -1801,8 +1787,6 @@ export class StyleManager extends ShellFacade {
     this._shareState.destroy();
     this._locationNavigation.destroy();
     this._lifetime.destroy();
-    for (const unregister of this._unsavedWorkChecks?.splice(0) ?? [])
-      unregister();
     useLocaleStore(applicationPinia()).publishPicker(null);
     this._recording.destroy();
     this._mobileShell?.destroy();
diff --git a/src/ui/cctvControls.js b/src/ui/cctvControls.js
index ab2999cf3..bf0242fba 100644
--- a/src/ui/cctvControls.js
+++ b/src/ui/cctvControls.js
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import { _initCctvPanel } from './cctvBindings.js';
 import { useCctvStore } from './stores/cctv.js';
 import { useStatusStore } from './stores/status.js';
 import { applicationPinia } from './vueRuntime.js';
+import { onLocaleChange } from '../i18n/index.js';
 
 /**
  * Own camera-panel interaction and presentation; receive the camera port and
@@ -59,6 +60,14 @@ export class CctvControls {
     this._calibrationEdit = null;
     this._actionGeneration = 0;
     this._initCctvPanel();
+    // The panel and the grid chip hold translated text; show it again in a
+    // new locale, from a fresh layer state when there is one (its summary is
+    // worded by the layer).
+    this._offLocale = onLocaleChange(() => {
+      const state = this.cctv?.getUIState?.() ?? this._cctvState;
+      if (state) this._renderCctvState(state);
+      if (this._cctvChip) this._publishCctvChip({});
+    });
     if (this._cctvVideo && typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined') {
       this._videoVisibilityObserver = new MutationObserver(() =>
         this._renderCctvState(this._cctvState),
@@ -136,6 +145,7 @@ export class CctvControls {
   destroy() {
     if (this.destroyed) return;
     this.destroyed = true;
+    this._offLocale();
     this._cctvVideoSurface?.stop();
     this._videoVisibilityObserver?.disconnect();
     this._actionGeneration++;
diff --git a/src/ui/cctvPresentation.js b/src/ui/cctvPresentation.js
index ed5da4057..bba546d67 100644
--- a/src/ui/cctvPresentation.js
+++ b/src/ui/cctvPresentation.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { t, tn } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { getLocale, msg, t, tn } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { cctvSourceLabelText, cctvSourceMessageText } from './cctvFrames.js';
 
 import { createCctvVideoSurface } from './cctvVideo.js';
@@ -184,11 +184,18 @@ export function _renderCctvState(state) {
     const outside = enabled ? Math.max(0, catalogCount - cameras.length) : 0;
     let picker = this._picker;
     // The index keeps its identity until the view or the active camera
-    // changes, so an unchanged list keeps its options.
-    if (!picking && (picker?.source !== cameras || picker.outside !== outside))
+    // changes, so an unchanged list keeps its options; a new locale words
+    // the closing line again.
+    if (
+      !picking &&
+      (picker?.source !== cameras ||
+        picker.outside !== outside ||
+        picker.locale !== getLocale())
+    )
       picker = {
         source: cameras,
         outside,
+        locale: getLocale(),
         options: cameras.map((camera) => pickerOption(camera)),
         note: outside ? outsideNoteText(outside) : '',
       };
@@ -305,19 +312,23 @@ export function _typeCctvSummary(text) {
 export function _publishCctvChip(patch) {
   const current = this._cctvChip ?? {
     visible: false,
-    label: t('loading frames'),
+    labelKey: msg('loading frames'),
     immediate: false,
     progress: '0/0',
     stopped: false,
   };
+  // The chip keeps its English key, so a new locale shows it again; the
+  // view gets the label alone.
   const next = { ...current, ...patch };
+  next.label = t(next.labelKey);
   if (
     this._cctvChip &&
     Object.keys(next).every((key) => next[key] === current[key])
   )
     return;
   this._cctvChip = next;
-  this.statusStore.publishCctv(next);
+  const { labelKey, ...chip } = next;
+  this.statusStore.publishCctv(chip);
 }
 
 export function _updateCctvSyncChip(loading, enabled) {
@@ -334,7 +345,7 @@ export function _updateCctvSyncChip(loading, enabled) {
     // during a grid load, and flapping it would read as a slot machine.
     this._publishCctvChip({
       visible: true,
-      label: t('loading frames'),
+      labelKey: msg('loading frames'),
       progress: `${loaded}/${total}`,
     });
     return;
@@ -345,7 +356,7 @@ export function _updateCctvSyncChip(loading, enabled) {
     this._cctvChipWasBusy = false;
     this._publishCctvChip({
       visible: true,
-      label: t('camera grid ready'),
+      labelKey: msg('camera grid ready'),
       progress: `${total}/${total}`,
     });
     clearTimeout(this._cctvChipHideTimer);
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js b/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js
index 5f95a3d96..a5c6d8c5a 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js
@@ -8,7 +8,11 @@ import {
   formatCockpitCoordinate,
   formatCockpitWindDirection,
 } from './cockpitPresentation.js';
-import { COCKPIT_BRIEF_PAGES, CYCLE_HELP_KEYS } from './cockpitBriefPages.js';
+import {
+  COCKPIT_BRIEF_PAGES,
+  CYCLE_HELP_KEYS,
+  createBriefState,
+} from './cockpitBriefPages.js';
 
 // regionalModel.weatherCodeLabel is shared with node code and returns
 // English; translate it here.
@@ -58,15 +62,41 @@ export function showBriefPage(index, { manual = false } = {}) {
   this.scheduleContextLayout();
 }
 
+// The state is the accessible name; the help is the tooltip.
+function cycleWords(enabled) {
+  return {
+    autoRotate: enabled,
+    autoLabel: enabled ? t('CYCLE ON') : t('CYCLE OFF'),
+    autoHelp: t(CYCLE_HELP_KEYS[enabled ? 'on' : 'off']),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Word the briefing again in the current locale: its page, cycle toggle and
+ * whatever the regional card shows.
+ */
+export function relocalizeBrief() {
+  if (this.destroyed) return;
+  if (this.brief.news.state === null) {
+    const { news, local } = createBriefState();
+    this.brief.news = news;
+    this.brief.local = { ...local, coordinates: this.brief.local.coordinates };
+  }
+  Object.assign(this.brief, cycleWords(this.briefAutoRotateEnabled));
+  this.showBriefPage(this.briefPageIndex);
+  if (this.regionalBrief)
+    this.renderRegionalBrief(this.regionalBrief, this.lastAircraftInfo);
+  else if (this.brief.news.state)
+    this.renderRegionalBriefStatus(
+      this.brief.news.state,
+      this.lastAircraftInfo,
+    );
+}
+
 export function setBriefAutoRotate(enabled) {
   if (this.destroyed) return;
   this.briefAutoRotateEnabled = Boolean(enabled);
-  // The state is the accessible name; the help is the tooltip.
-  Object.assign(this.brief, {
-    autoRotate: this.briefAutoRotateEnabled,
-    autoLabel: this.briefAutoRotateEnabled ? t('CYCLE ON') : t('CYCLE OFF'),
-    autoHelp: t(CYCLE_HELP_KEYS[this.briefAutoRotateEnabled ? 'on' : 'off']),
-  });
+  Object.assign(this.brief, cycleWords(this.briefAutoRotateEnabled));
   this.publishBriefView();
   if (this.briefAutoRotateEnabled) this.startBriefRotation({ reset: true });
   else this.stopBriefRotation();
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitController.js b/src/ui/cockpitController.js
index 4eb96c4ad..50a397fc8 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitController.js
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitController.js
@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ import { createBriefState } from './cockpitBriefPages.js';
 import {
   createInstrumentState,
   createRouteState,
+  createVisionState,
 } from './cockpitInstrumentState.js';
+import { onLocaleChange } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import {
   publishBriefView,
   showBriefPage,
@@ -43,6 +45,7 @@ import {
   maybeRefreshRegionalBrief,
   renderRegionalBriefStatus,
   renderRegionalBrief,
+  relocalizeBrief,
 } from './cockpitBriefing.js';
 import {
   handleSignalClick,
@@ -189,7 +192,7 @@ export class CockpitViewController {
     this.scratchAnchorCartographic = new Cesium.Cartographic();
     this.scratchCameraCartographic = new Cesium.Cartographic();
     this.scratchTargetCartographic = new Cesium.Cartographic();
-    this._listenerRemovers = [];
+    this._listenerRemovers = [onLocaleChange(() => this.relocalize())];
 
     // Camera mutations belong before scene update/culling. Changing the camera
     // from preRender makes 3D Tiles discover a new view after traversal and can
@@ -356,6 +359,9 @@ export class CockpitViewController {
   renderRegionalBriefStatus(status, info) {
     return renderRegionalBriefStatus.call(this, status, info);
   }
+  relocalizeBrief() {
+    return relocalizeBrief.call(this);
+  }
   renderRegionalBrief(payload, info) {
     return renderRegionalBrief.call(this, payload, info);
   }
@@ -391,6 +397,36 @@ export class CockpitViewController {
     return handleSignalClick.call(this, event);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Word every Cockpit surface again in the current locale. In flight the
+   * last reading is shown again; otherwise the surfaces go back to their
+   * placeholders, which the next entry replaces.
+   */
+  relocalize() {
+    if (this.destroyed) return;
+    this.relocalizeBrief();
+    this.publishVision(createVisionState(this.visionMode));
+    this.routeSignature = null;
+    if (this.active && this.lastAircraftInfo) {
+      this.rewordingSignals = true;
+      try {
+        this.updateHud(this.lastAircraftInfo, performance.now(), true);
+      } finally {
+        this.rewordingSignals = false;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    this.instruments = createInstrumentState();
+    this.publishInstrumentsView();
+    this.routeView = createRouteState();
+    this.publishRouteView();
+    this.contextView = {
+      ...createContextState(),
+      weather: this.contextView.weather,
+    };
+    this.publishContextView();
+  }
+
   /** Revoke new work before the shell awaits layer restoration. */
   stop() {
     if (this.destroyed) return;
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitSignals.js b/src/ui/cockpitSignals.js
index 78354a699..2319a6d21 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitSignals.js
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitSignals.js
@@ -41,6 +41,15 @@ export function pushCockpitSignal(key, tone, title, detail, target = null) {
   const signature = `${title}|${detail}|${target?.layerId || ''}|${target?.id || ''}`;
   if (this.signalSignatures.get(key) === signature) return;
   this.signalSignatures.set(key, signature);
+  // A locale change words the signal again where it stands.
+  const shown = this.rewordingSignals
+    ? this.signalItems.find((item) => item.key === key)
+    : null;
+  if (shown) {
+    Object.assign(shown, { title, detail });
+    this.publishCockpitSignals();
+    return;
+  }
   this.signalItems.unshift({
     key,
     tone,
diff --git a/src/ui/geoFileImport.js b/src/ui/geoFileImport.js
index 5358e6cf2..d39ea7a80 100644
--- a/src/ui/geoFileImport.js
+++ b/src/ui/geoFileImport.js
@@ -4,14 +4,7 @@ import {
   MAX_IMPORTED_FILES,
   loadGeoFile,
 } from '../data/geoFileImport.js';
-import {
-  formatNumber,
-  msg,
-  registerUnsavedWork,
-  t,
-  tn,
-  translateKnown,
-} from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { formatNumber, t, tn, translateKnown } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { flyToDataSource } from './flyToDataSource.js';
 
 // One color per file, in import order, from the whiteboard palette.
@@ -55,11 +48,6 @@ export function initGeoFileImport({
   let hint = '';
   const lifetime = new AbortController();
   let removeMapSource;
-  // Imports live for the page session: switching language (a reload) asks
-  // first while any are on the map.
-  const unregisterUnsavedWork = registerUnsavedWork(() =>
-    !destroyed && imports.length ? msg('imported map files') : null,
-  );
 
   const listen = (target, type, listener, options) => {
     if (!target?.addEventListener) return;
@@ -395,7 +383,6 @@ export function initGeoFileImport({
     destroy() {
       if (destroyed) return;
       destroyed = true;
-      unregisterUnsavedWork();
       disconnect();
       lifetime.abort();
       removeMapSource?.();
diff --git a/src/ui/geoFileImport.test.mjs b/src/ui/geoFileImport.test.mjs
index 693fb02de..c503a75dd 100644
--- a/src/ui/geoFileImport.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/geoFileImport.test.mjs
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import { initGeoFileImport, summarize } from './geoFileImport.js';
 import { GeoImportError, MAX_IMPORTED_FILES } from '../data/geoFileImport.js';
-import { describeUnsavedWork } from '../i18n/index.js';
 
 class FakeClassList {
   constructor() {
@@ -149,19 +148,6 @@ const ROW_ACTIONS = {
 };
 const press = (t, row, name) => t.act(ROW_ACTIONS[name], row.id);
 
-// Runs first: tools left by later tests would answer the same registry.
-test('imported files make the language switch ask first', async () => {
-  const t = setup();
-  assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), []);
-  await t.tool.importFiles([file('a.geojson')]);
-  assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), ['imported map files']);
-  t.tool.remove(t.tool.list()[0].id);
-  assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), [], 'nothing left to lose');
-  await t.tool.importFiles([file('b.kml')]);
-  t.tool.destroy();
-  assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), [], 'destroy unregisters');
-});
-
 test('returns null without its markup or viewer', () => {
   const document = { getElementById: () => null };
   assert.equal(initGeoFileImport({ viewer: {}, document }), null);
diff --git a/src/ui/i18n.js b/src/ui/i18n.js
index f39752970..5fbf1816c 100644
--- a/src/ui/i18n.js
+++ b/src/ui/i18n.js
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
+import { watch } from 'vue';
 import { createI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
-import { bindLocale, getCatalog, getLocale } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import {
+  bindLocale,
+  getCatalog,
+  getLocale,
+  notifyLocaleChange,
+} from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { DEFAULT_LOCALE, LOCALES } from '../i18n/locale.js';
 
 let pageI18n = null;
@@ -42,5 +48,12 @@ export function applicationI18n() {
     return installed;
   };
   bindLocale(pageI18n.global.locale);
+  // Code that translated text itself shows it again, whichever way the
+  // locale changed (setLocale or the ref).
+  watch(
+    () => getLocale(),
+    () => notifyLocaleChange(),
+    { flush: 'sync' },
+  );
   return pageI18n;
 }
diff --git a/src/ui/imagerySplit.js b/src/ui/imagerySplit.js
index 16a48bc9d..ee19a3f6f 100644
--- a/src/ui/imagerySplit.js
+++ b/src/ui/imagerySplit.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { onLocaleChange } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { useImagerySplitStore } from './stores/imagerySplit.js';
 import { applicationPinia } from './vueRuntime.js';
 
@@ -16,6 +17,9 @@ function defaultViewportWidth() {
   );
 }
 
+// A title or label given as a function is worded when published.
+const worded = (text) => (typeof text === 'function' ? text() : text);
+
 function defaultValueText(beforePercent, afterPercent) {
   return `A ${beforePercent} percent, B ${afterPercent} percent`;
 }
@@ -30,7 +34,9 @@ function defaultValueText(beforePercent, afterPercent) {
  * `onChange` reports pointer and keyboard changes so the owner can mirror
  * them, and `requestRender` fires whenever the clamped value actually
  * changes. `destroy` is idempotent: it withdraws the line, clears the CSS
- * property and restores the scene split captured at creation once.
+ * property and restores the scene split captured at creation once. The
+ * titles and label may be functions, which are called again after a locale
+ * change, like `formatValueText`.
  */
 export function createImagerySplit({
   scene,
@@ -72,9 +78,9 @@ export function createImagerySplit({
         handleClass: handleClass ?? null,
         beforeLabel,
         afterLabel,
-        beforeTitle: beforeTitle ?? null,
-        afterTitle: afterTitle ?? null,
-        ariaLabel: ariaLabel ?? null,
+        beforeTitle: worded(beforeTitle) ?? null,
+        afterTitle: worded(afterTitle) ?? null,
+        ariaLabel: worded(ariaLabel) ?? null,
         valueNow: beforePercent,
         valueText: formatValueText(beforePercent, 100 - beforePercent),
       },
@@ -144,6 +150,7 @@ export function createImagerySplit({
   };
 
   apply(initialValue, { render: false });
+  const offLocale = onLocaleChange(publish);
 
   return {
     getValue() {
@@ -166,6 +173,7 @@ export function createImagerySplit({
       pointerId = null;
       captor = null;
       destroyed = true;
+      offLocale();
       store.withdraw(key);
       if (cssProperty) cssTarget.style.removeProperty(cssProperty);
       if (scene && restoreValue != null) scene.splitPosition = restoreValue;
diff --git a/src/ui/kit/UiPanelToggle.vue b/src/ui/kit/UiPanelToggle.vue
index 58636154c..a196c7695 100644
--- a/src/ui/kit/UiPanelToggle.vue
+++ b/src/ui/kit/UiPanelToggle.vue
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import UiButton from './UiButton.vue';
 const props = defineProps({
   /** The panel's id, which PanelChrome finds the button by. */
   target: { type: String, required: true },
-  /** The panel's name in "Expand {name}", already translated. */
-  name: { type: String, default: () => t('panel') },
+  /** The panel's name in "Expand {name}", already translated; "panel" when unset. */
+  name: { type: String, default: null },
   collapsed: { type: Boolean, required: true },
   /** A right-rail panel opens and closes sideways: ◀ / ▶, not + / −. */
   sideways: { type: Boolean, default: false },
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ const label = computed(() => {
       ? props.words.expandLabel
       : props.words.collapseLabel;
   const key = props.collapsed ? msg('Expand {name}') : msg('Collapse {name}');
-  return t(key, { name: props.name });
+  return t(key, { name: props.name ?? t('panel') });
 });
 const title = computed(() => {
   if (props.words)
diff --git a/src/ui/layerPanel.js b/src/ui/layerPanel.js
index af90b07db..5698b2115 100644
--- a/src/ui/layerPanel.js
+++ b/src/ui/layerPanel.js
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
   formatNumber,
   getLocale,
   msg,
+  onLocaleChange,
   t,
   translateKnown,
 } from '../i18n/index.js';
@@ -369,6 +370,13 @@ export class LayerPanel {
         info: false,
       });
     }
+    // The rows carry text this panel translates; show it in a new locale.
+    this._removers.push(
+      onLocaleChange(() => {
+        this._paint();
+        this._refreshWeatherPanel();
+      }),
+    );
     this._paint();
     this._refreshWeatherPanel();
   }
diff --git a/src/ui/localSdrControls.js b/src/ui/localSdrControls.js
index 25f3666c9..7bd2a61c7 100644
--- a/src/ui/localSdrControls.js
+++ b/src/ui/localSdrControls.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { t } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { onLocaleChange, t } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import {
   internetRadioAudioActive,
   localSdrCardView,
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ export class LocalSdrControls {
       feeds?.subscribe?.(() => this._scheduleRender()) || null;
     // One request, no polling: learn whether the server has decoder feeds.
     void feeds?.probe?.()?.catch?.(() => {});
+    this._offLocale = onLocaleChange(() => this._scheduleRender());
     this._render();
   }
 
@@ -200,6 +201,7 @@ export class LocalSdrControls {
     this._receiverUnsubscribe?.();
     this._radioUnsubscribe?.();
     this._feedsUnsubscribe?.();
+    this._offLocale?.();
     this._feedsUnsubscribe = null;
     this._receiverUnsubscribe = null;
     this._radioUnsubscribe = null;
diff --git a/src/ui/localePicker.js b/src/ui/localePicker.js
index b10b9917e..bec9c4d39 100644
--- a/src/ui/localePicker.js
+++ b/src/ui/localePicker.js
@@ -180,18 +180,14 @@ export function typeaheadIndex(options, buffer, fromIndex) {
 }
 
 /**
- * What choosing a language does. The current one changes nothing; another one
- * switches after `confirmSwitch()` agrees (it asks when a reload loses work).
+ * What choosing a language does: the current one changes nothing, another
+ * one switches.
  * @param {string} locale
- * @param {{current: string, confirmSwitch: () => boolean, switchLocale: (locale: string) => void}} actions
- * @returns {'unchanged'|'declined'|'switched'}
+ * @param {{current: string, switchLocale: (locale: string) => void}} actions
+ * @returns {'unchanged'|'switched'}
  */
-export function applyLocaleChoice(
-  locale,
-  { current, confirmSwitch, switchLocale },
-) {
+export function applyLocaleChoice(locale, { current, switchLocale }) {
   if (locale === current) return 'unchanged';
-  if (!confirmSwitch()) return 'declined';
   switchLocale(locale);
   return 'switched';
 }
diff --git a/src/ui/localePicker.test.mjs b/src/ui/localePicker.test.mjs
index d5c6954f9..c00a0a32f 100644
--- a/src/ui/localePicker.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/localePicker.test.mjs
@@ -194,22 +194,16 @@ test('the search field appears only above the threshold', () => {
   );
 });
 
-test('choosing the current language changes nothing; another asks, then switches', () => {
+test('choosing the current language changes nothing; another switches', () => {
   const calls = [];
-  const actions = (answer) => ({
+  const actions = {
     current: 'ru',
-    confirmSwitch: () => {
-      calls.push('confirm');
-      return answer;
-    },
     switchLocale: (locale) => calls.push(`switch:${locale}`),
-  });
-  assert.equal(applyLocaleChoice('ru', actions(true)), 'unchanged');
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, [], 'no prompt, no reload');
-  assert.equal(applyLocaleChoice('es', actions(false)), 'declined');
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['confirm']);
-  assert.equal(applyLocaleChoice('es', actions(true)), 'switched');
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['confirm', 'confirm', 'switch:es']);
+  };
+  assert.equal(applyLocaleChoice('ru', actions), 'unchanged');
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, []);
+  assert.equal(applyLocaleChoice('es', actions), 'switched');
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['switch:es']);
 });
 
 test('navigation keys move without wrapping', () => {
diff --git a/src/ui/localeSwitch.test.mjs b/src/ui/localeSwitch.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc71c83ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/localeSwitch.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// The language picker switches the page's language in place: the choice is
+// stored for the next visit, ?lang leaves the address, onLocaleChange owners
+// word their text again and the picker is drawn for the new language.
+// Choosing the language already active does nothing.
+import { test } from 'node:test';
+import { nextTick } from 'vue';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { StyleManager } from './applicationShell.js';
+import { UiLifetime } from './uiLifetime.js';
+import { useLocaleStore } from './stores/locale.js';
+import { applicationPinia } from './vueRuntime.js';
+import { getLocale, onLocaleChange, setLocale } from '../i18n/index.js';
+
+/** Wire the shell's language choice. No picker markup here: the picker's own
+ * behaviour is covered by localePicker.test and localePickerView.test. */
+function renderSwitch() {
+  const previous = {
+    document: globalThis.document,
+    location: globalThis.location,
+    history: globalThis.history,
+    localStorage: globalThis.localStorage,
+  };
+  const reloads = [];
+  const addresses = [];
+  const stored = [];
+  globalThis.document = {
+    getElementById: () => null,
+    querySelectorAll: () => [],
+  };
+  globalThis.location = {
+    href: 'https://gev.example/?lang=ru#v=2',
+    assign: () => reloads.push('assign'),
+    reload: () => reloads.push('reload'),
+  };
+  globalThis.history = {
+    replaceState: (_state, _title, href) => addresses.push(href),
+  };
+  globalThis.localStorage = {
+    setItem: (key, value) => stored.push([key, value]),
+    getItem: () => null,
+  };
+  const shell = {
+    services: {},
+    _lifetime: new UiLifetime(),
+    _chooseLocale: StyleManager.prototype._chooseLocale,
+    _publishLocalePicker: StyleManager.prototype._publishLocalePicker,
+    _sizeDisplayLabelColumn() {},
+  };
+  StyleManager.prototype._initLocaleSelector.call(shell);
+  return {
+    choose: (locale) => shell._chooseLocale(locale),
+    reloads,
+    addresses,
+    stored,
+    restore() {
+      shell._lifetime.destroy();
+      useLocaleStore(applicationPinia()).publishPicker(null);
+      Object.assign(globalThis, previous);
+      setLocale('en');
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+test('another language applies in place, is stored and leaves the address', async () => {
+  const view = renderSwitch();
+  const heard = [];
+  const off = onLocaleChange(() => heard.push(getLocale()));
+  try {
+    assert.equal(view.choose('es'), 'switched');
+    assert.equal(getLocale(), 'es');
+    assert.deepEqual(heard, ['es'], 'owners word their text again');
+    assert.deepEqual(view.reloads, [], 'no reload');
+    assert.equal(view.stored.at(-1)[1], 'es');
+    assert.deepEqual(view.addresses, ['https://gev.example/#v=2']);
+    const picker = useLocaleStore(applicationPinia()).picker;
+    assert.equal(picker.current, 'es');
+    assert.equal(picker.focus, true, 'the redrawn picker keeps focus');
+    await nextTick();
+    assert.equal(
+      useLocaleStore(applicationPinia()).picker.focus,
+      false,
+      'only as it mounts',
+    );
+  } finally {
+    off();
+    view.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('the language already active changes nothing', () => {
+  const view = renderSwitch();
+  try {
+    assert.equal(view.choose('en'), 'unchanged');
+    assert.deepEqual(view.stored, []);
+    assert.deepEqual(view.addresses, []);
+    assert.deepEqual(view.reloads, []);
+  } finally {
+    view.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('a host without Core locales shows no picker; otherwise the shell publishes one', () => {
+  const store = useLocaleStore(applicationPinia());
+  store.publishPicker(null);
+  const disabled = {
+    services: {},
+    _localePickerEnabled: false,
+    _lifetime: new UiLifetime(),
+  };
+  const chosen = [];
+  const enabled = {
+    services: {},
+    _lifetime: new UiLifetime(),
+    _publishLocalePicker: StyleManager.prototype._publishLocalePicker,
+    _chooseLocale: (locale) => chosen.push(locale),
+  };
+  try {
+    StyleManager.prototype._initLocaleSelector.call(disabled);
+    assert.equal(store.picker, null);
+    StyleManager.prototype._initLocaleSelector.call(enabled);
+    assert.equal(store.picker.current, 'en');
+    assert.equal(store.picker.focus, false);
+    store.picker.onSelect('fr');
+    assert.deepEqual(chosen, ['fr']);
+  } finally {
+    store.publishPicker(null);
+    disabled._lifetime.destroy();
+    enabled._lifetime.destroy();
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/ui/localeSwitchReload.test.mjs b/src/ui/localeSwitchReload.test.mjs
deleted file mode 100644
index d5c766dc1..000000000
--- a/src/ui/localeSwitchReload.test.mjs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,164 +0,0 @@
-// The language picker reloads the page, so it asks first while the
-// reload would lose work (unsaved CCTV calibration, the open cockpit, anything
-// a module registers). Choosing the language already active does nothing.
-import { test } from 'node:test';
-import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
-import { StyleManager } from './applicationShell.js';
-import { useLocaleStore } from './stores/locale.js';
-import { applicationPinia } from './vueRuntime.js';
-import {
-  describeUnsavedWork,
-  msg,
-  registerUnsavedWork,
-  setLocale,
-} from '../i18n/index.js';
-
-/** Wire the shell's language choice with the given shell state. No picker
- * markup here: the picker's own behaviour is covered by localePicker.test
- * and localePickerView.test. */
-function renderSwitch({ calDirty = false, cockpit = false } = {}) {
-  const previous = {
-    document: globalThis.document,
-    location: globalThis.location,
-    history: globalThis.history,
-    confirm: globalThis.confirm,
-  };
-  const reloads = [];
-  const prompts = [];
-  let answer = true;
-  globalThis.document = { getElementById: () => null };
-  globalThis.location = {
-    href: 'https://gev.example/#v=2',
-    assign() {},
-    reload: () => reloads.push(true),
-  };
-  globalThis.history = { replaceState() {} };
-  globalThis.confirm = (text) => {
-    prompts.push(text);
-    return answer;
-  };
-  const shell = {
-    services: {
-      cctvLayer: {
-        getUIState: () => ({ cameras: [{ calDirty: false }, { calDirty }] }),
-      },
-    },
-    cockpitView: { active: cockpit },
-    _confirmLocaleReload: StyleManager.prototype._confirmLocaleReload,
-    _chooseLocale: StyleManager.prototype._chooseLocale,
-  };
-  StyleManager.prototype._initLocaleSelector.call(shell);
-  return {
-    choose: (locale) => shell._chooseLocale(locale),
-    reloads,
-    prompts,
-    answer: (value) => (answer = value),
-    restore() {
-      for (const unregister of shell._unsavedWorkChecks) unregister();
-      Object.assign(globalThis, previous);
-    },
-  };
-}
-
-const storage = globalThis.localStorage;
-test.before(() => {
-  globalThis.localStorage = { setItem() {}, getItem: () => null };
-});
-test.after(() => {
-  globalThis.localStorage = storage;
-});
-
-test('nothing to lose: the switch reloads without asking', () => {
-  const view = renderSwitch();
-  try {
-    view.choose('es');
-    assert.deepEqual(view.prompts, []);
-    assert.equal(view.reloads.length, 1);
-  } finally {
-    view.restore();
-  }
-});
-
-test('unsaved calibration or the open cockpit: the switch asks first', () => {
-  const view = renderSwitch({ calDirty: true, cockpit: true });
-  try {
-    view.answer(false);
-    view.choose('ru');
-    assert.equal(view.prompts.length, 1);
-    assert.match(view.prompts[0], /unsaved CCTV calibration/);
-    assert.match(view.prompts[0], /the open cockpit/);
-    assert.equal(view.reloads.length, 0, 'declined: no reload');
-    view.answer(true);
-    view.choose('ru');
-    assert.equal(view.reloads.length, 1, 'confirmed: reload');
-  } finally {
-    view.restore();
-  }
-});
-
-test('modules register their own unsaved work', () => {
-  const unregister = registerUnsavedWork(() => msg('drawings on the map'));
-  const failing = registerUnsavedWork(() => {
-    throw new Error('broken check');
-  });
-  const view = renderSwitch();
-  try {
-    view.answer(false);
-    view.choose('es');
-    assert.match(view.prompts[0], /drawings on the map/);
-    assert.equal(view.reloads.length, 0);
-  } finally {
-    view.restore();
-    unregister();
-    failing();
-  }
-  assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), []);
-});
-
-test('the prompt reads in the active language', () => {
-  setLocale('es');
-  const view = renderSwitch({ calDirty: true });
-  try {
-    view.answer(false);
-    view.choose('en');
-    assert.equal(view.prompts.length, 1);
-    assert.doesNotMatch(view.prompts[0], /Switching language/);
-  } finally {
-    view.restore();
-    setLocale('en');
-  }
-});
-
-test('the language already active neither asks nor reloads', () => {
-  const view = renderSwitch({ calDirty: true });
-  try {
-    assert.equal(view.choose('en'), 'unchanged');
-    assert.deepEqual(view.prompts, []);
-    assert.equal(view.reloads.length, 0);
-  } finally {
-    view.restore();
-  }
-});
-
-test('a host without Core locales shows no picker; otherwise the shell publishes one', () => {
-  const store = useLocaleStore(applicationPinia());
-  store.publishPicker(null);
-  const disabled = { services: {}, _localePickerEnabled: false };
-  const enabled = {
-    services: {},
-    _chooseLocale: (locale) => chosen.push(locale),
-  };
-  const chosen = [];
-  try {
-    StyleManager.prototype._initLocaleSelector.call(disabled);
-    assert.equal(store.picker, null);
-    StyleManager.prototype._initLocaleSelector.call(enabled);
-    assert.equal(store.picker.current, 'en');
-    store.picker.onSelect('fr');
-    assert.deepEqual(chosen, ['fr']);
-  } finally {
-    store.publishPicker(null);
-    for (const shell of [disabled, enabled])
-      for (const unregister of shell._unsavedWorkChecks ?? []) unregister();
-  }
-});
diff --git a/src/ui/locationControls.js b/src/ui/locationControls.js
index 5b5f06d5e..6fd827788 100644
--- a/src/ui/locationControls.js
+++ b/src/ui/locationControls.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { locationMiniStatus } from '../locationStatus.js';
-import { t } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { onLocaleChange, t } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { localizePlaceName } from './placeNames.js';
 
 const POI_KEYS = ['Q', 'W', 'E', 'R', 'T'];
@@ -55,6 +55,15 @@ export class LocationControls {
     this.removers = [];
     this.frame = null;
     this.destroyed = false;
+    // City names and the status lines are translated here; show them again
+    // in a new locale.
+    this.removers.push(
+      onLocaleChange(() => {
+        if (this._statusRecord !== undefined)
+          this.renderStatus(this._statusRecord);
+        else this.present();
+      }),
+    );
     this.rowGeneration = 0;
     this.activeCity = null;
     this.poiCity = null;
@@ -182,6 +191,7 @@ export class LocationControls {
   }
   renderStatus(record) {
     if (this.destroyed) return;
+    this._statusRecord = record;
     // A preset city shows its name in the UI language; the record stays English.
     const state = record?.city?.name
       ? {
diff --git a/src/ui/mapSourceControls.js b/src/ui/mapSourceControls.js
index ed23fe412..1f7babe25 100644
--- a/src/ui/mapSourceControls.js
+++ b/src/ui/mapSourceControls.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { mapStackChipModels } from '../mapStackChips.js';
-import { t } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { onLocaleChange, t } from '../i18n/index.js';
 
 /**
  * Own Map Source presentation and selection without constructing map providers.
@@ -77,6 +77,9 @@ export function createMapSourceControls({
     render(controller.getState());
     onStateChanged();
   });
+  // The chips' names and hints are translated; read them again in a new
+  // locale.
+  const offLocale = onLocaleChange(refresh);
   refresh();
   return {
     render,
@@ -87,6 +90,7 @@ export function createMapSourceControls({
       destroyed = true;
       generation++;
       unsubscribe?.();
+      offLocale();
     },
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/ui/radioBindings.js b/src/ui/radioBindings.js
index 58664ed90..05a211537 100644
--- a/src/ui/radioBindings.js
+++ b/src/ui/radioBindings.js
@@ -134,6 +134,8 @@ export function bindRadioControls() {
     return true;
   };
   this._refreshRadioTunerBand = refreshTunerBand;
+  this._refreshRadioTunerText = () =>
+    tunerPreview({ coordinate: this._radioTunerCoordinate, syncStatic: false });
   const beginTuner = () => {
     if (this._radioTunerDragging || !this._radioTunerView.available)
       return false;
diff --git a/src/ui/radioControls.js b/src/ui/radioControls.js
index 028e171ae..d893a2ab0 100644
--- a/src/ui/radioControls.js
+++ b/src/ui/radioControls.js
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
 } from './radioPresentation.js';
 import { useRadioStore } from './stores/radio.js';
 import { applicationPinia } from './vueRuntime.js';
+import { onLocaleChange } from '../i18n/index.js';
 
 /**
  * Own Radio interaction, the tuner and the subscription; receive playback and
@@ -49,7 +50,16 @@ export class RadioControls {
     this._radioTunerSelectedId = null;
     this._radioTunerBandPinnedForNavigation = false;
     this._refreshRadioTunerBand = null;
+    this._refreshRadioTunerText = null;
     bindRadioControls.call(this);
+    // The panel carries translated text; present it again in a new locale,
+    // from a fresh layer state when there is one (its category labels are
+    // worded by the layer).
+    this._offLocale = onLocaleChange(() => {
+      const state = this.radio.getUIState?.() ?? this._radioState;
+      if (state) this._renderRadioState(state);
+      this._refreshRadioTunerText?.();
+    });
   }
 
   listen(target, type, handler, options = {}) {
@@ -133,6 +143,7 @@ export class RadioControls {
   destroy() {
     if (this.destroyed) return;
     this.destroyed = true;
+    this._offLocale();
     this.listeners.abort();
     if (this._storeToken) this.store.detach(this._storeToken);
     this._radioUnsubscribe?.();
diff --git a/src/ui/radioPresentation.js b/src/ui/radioPresentation.js
index ea9c2c253..252838a21 100644
--- a/src/ui/radioPresentation.js
+++ b/src/ui/radioPresentation.js
@@ -56,7 +56,10 @@ export function renderRadioState(state) {
   // The options change only with the categories; until they first do, the
   // markup's own option stands.
   const categorySignature = categories
-    .map((category) => `${category.id}:${category.count}:${category.color}`)
+    .map(
+      (category) =>
+        `${category.id}:${category.label}:${category.count}:${category.color}`,
+    )
     .join('|');
   if (categorySignature !== (this._radioCategorySignature ?? '')) {
     this._radioCategorySignature = categorySignature;
diff --git a/src/ui/recentImagery.js b/src/ui/recentImagery.js
index dbf7e45e2..b79fc14a4 100644
--- a/src/ui/recentImagery.js
+++ b/src/ui/recentImagery.js
@@ -9,7 +9,14 @@
  * rail-card blocks and cards. Source toggles live on the data-panel row.
  */
 import { h, render as renderVue } from 'vue';
-import { formatNumber, msg, t, tn, translateKnown } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import {
+  formatNumber,
+  msg,
+  onLocaleChange,
+  t,
+  tn,
+  translateKnown,
+} from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { createImagerySplit } from './imagerySplit.js';
 import RecentImageryReadout from './recentImagery/RecentImageryReadout.vue';
 import {
@@ -936,6 +943,8 @@ export function createRecentImageryPanel({
       render();
     }
   });
+  // The readout's text is translated here; show it again in a new locale.
+  const offLocale = onLocaleChange(render);
   render();
 
   return {
@@ -945,6 +954,7 @@ export function createRecentImageryPanel({
       if (destroyed) return;
       destroyed = true;
       unsubscribe();
+      offLocale();
       layer.setToolHandler?.(null);
       split?.destroy();
       split = null;
diff --git a/src/ui/sceneControls.js b/src/ui/sceneControls.js
index 220d35d99..0d5237ae7 100644
--- a/src/ui/sceneControls.js
+++ b/src/ui/sceneControls.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /** Own Scene panel listeners and presentation through project reads and actions. */
-import { t, msg } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { t, msg, onLocaleChange } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { sceneButtonsDisabled, scenePercent } from './scenePresentation.js';
 import { useSceneStore } from './stores/scenes.js';
 import { applicationPinia } from './vueRuntime.js';
@@ -59,6 +59,13 @@ export class SceneControls {
         this.run(this.actions.reviewImport ? 'reviewImport' : 'import', file),
     });
     this.presentPanel({});
+    // Scene and shot titles are shown translated; the select and the list
+    // show them again.
+    this.offLocale = onLocaleChange(() => {
+      this.presentPanel({ playLabel: t('PLAY', { context: 'scene' }) });
+      this.renderSceneSelect();
+      this.renderShotList();
+    });
     if (subscribe)
       this.unsubscribe = subscribe((notification) =>
         this.present(notification),
@@ -264,6 +271,7 @@ export class SceneControls {
     this.actionGeneration++;
     this.unsubscribe?.();
     this.unsubscribe = null;
+    this.offLocale();
     this.setPlaybackKeyboardEnabled(false);
     // The panel keeps its last status and buttons, without shots or the
     // runtime chip.
diff --git a/src/ui/shellFeedback.js b/src/ui/shellFeedback.js
index 6de4f62a8..7193c3c3a 100644
--- a/src/ui/shellFeedback.js
+++ b/src/ui/shellFeedback.js
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
   reduceLoadingFeedback,
   reduceTrafficSyncFeedback,
 } from '../loadingFeedback.js';
-import { getLocale, t, msg } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { getLocale, msg, onLocaleChange, t } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { localizeLayerName } from './layerPanel.js';
 import { translateFeedError } from './statusText.js';
 import { useStatusStore } from './stores/status.js';
@@ -127,6 +127,11 @@ export class ShellFeedback {
     this.readLayers = readLayers;
     this.store = store;
     this.destroyed = false;
+    // The chips keep the English they were given, to show it again in a new
+    // locale.
+    this._loadingSource = { label: msg('LOADING LIVE DATA'), detail: '' };
+    this._trafficLabel = msg('syncing road network');
+    this._offLocale = onLocaleChange(() => this._relocalize());
     this._loadingFeedbackState = createLoadingFeedbackState();
     this._trafficSyncFeedbackState = createTrafficSyncFeedbackState();
     this._loadingFeedbackEvent = null;
@@ -184,6 +189,7 @@ export class ShellFeedback {
     // signal rather than another animated loading stage. The progress is
     // written on every change INCLUDING the empty settled value: the reducer
     // clears it once the sync lands.
+    if (presentation.label) this._trafficLabel = presentation.label;
     this._publishTraffic({
       visible: presentation.visible,
       ...(presentation.label && {
@@ -228,6 +234,7 @@ export class ShellFeedback {
       this._publishLoading({ hidden: true, state: null });
       return;
     }
+    this._loadingSource = presentation;
     const localized = localizeLoadingPresentation(presentation);
     // The LABEL flaps ("LOADING LIVE DATA" -> "LOAD COMPLETE") only when it
     // changes, which matters here: this runs on every 60 ms and 500 ms tick.
@@ -241,6 +248,19 @@ export class ShellFeedback {
     });
   }
 
+  /** Show the chips' last text in the current locale. */
+  _relocalize() {
+    if (this.destroyed) return;
+    if (this._loadingSource) {
+      const { label, detail } = localizeLoadingPresentation(
+        this._loadingSource,
+      );
+      this._publishLoading({ label, detail });
+    }
+    if (this._trafficLabel)
+      this._publishTraffic({ label: localizeStatusLabel(this._trafficLabel) });
+  }
+
   _publishLoading(patch) {
     const next = { ...this._loadingView, ...patch };
     if (Object.keys(next).every((key) => next[key] === this._loadingView[key]))
@@ -329,6 +349,7 @@ export class ShellFeedback {
   destroy() {
     if (this.destroyed) return;
     this.destroyed = true;
+    this._offLocale();
     this._stopLoadingFeedbackTicker();
     clearInterval(this._trafficChipTicker);
     this._trafficChipTicker = null;
diff --git a/src/ui/stores/locale.js b/src/ui/stores/locale.js
index 619e908bc..f07db76d7 100644
--- a/src/ui/stores/locale.js
+++ b/src/ui/stores/locale.js
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ import { markRaw, shallowRef } from 'vue';
  * picker; a host that does not initialize Core's locale never does.
  */
 export const useLocaleStore = defineStore('gev-locale', () => {
-  /** `{current, onSelect}`, or null while no picker is shown. */
+  /** `{current, onSelect, focus}`, or null while no picker is shown. */
   const picker = shallowRef(null);
 
-  /** @param {?{current: string, onSelect: (locale: string) => void}} next */
+  /** @param {?{current: string, onSelect: (locale: string) => void, focus?: boolean}} next */
   function publishPicker(next) {
     picker.value = next && markRaw(next);
   }
diff --git a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js
index 4c0efeb5d..d680bc00f 100644
--- a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js
+++ b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import {
 } from './streetLevelPresentation.js';
 import { useStreetLevelStore } from './stores/streetLevel.js';
 import { applicationPinia } from './vueRuntime.js';
-import { t, translateKnown } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { onLocaleChange, t, translateKnown } from '../i18n/index.js';
 
 const RENDER_MODE_KEY = 'gev:street-level:render-mode';
 /** <body> classes of the modes that hide every panel; an expanded photo leaves with them. */
@@ -55,6 +55,10 @@ export class StreetLevelControls {
     this._resizeQueued = false;
     this._elements = this._collect();
     this._bind();
+    // The presentation holds translated text; present it again in a new locale.
+    this._offLocale = onLocaleChange(() => {
+      if (this._state) this.render(this._state);
+    });
   }
 
   _collect() {
@@ -351,6 +355,7 @@ export class StreetLevelControls {
   destroy() {
     if (this.destroyed) return;
     this.destroyed = true;
+    this._offLocale();
     this._exitExpanded();
     // Its `toggle` is not heard once destroyed: a popover left on the wrap
     // would hide the viewer even inside the panel.
diff --git a/src/ui/uiLifetime.js b/src/ui/uiLifetime.js
index a9cb9c9ed..6dcd3c9b6 100644
--- a/src/ui/uiLifetime.js
+++ b/src/ui/uiLifetime.js
@@ -20,6 +20,15 @@ export class UiLifetime {
     this.removers.add(remove);
     return remove;
   }
+  /** Run `remove` at teardown, or now when already torn down. */
+  own(remove) {
+    if (this.destroyed) {
+      remove();
+      return remove;
+    }
+    this.removers.add(remove);
+    return remove;
+  }
   frame(callback) {
     if (this.destroyed) return null;
     const frame = requestAnimationFrame((time) => {
diff --git a/src/ui/views/ProviderSettingsView.vue b/src/ui/views/ProviderSettingsView.vue
index 7d63fdd6c..1ab8df581 100644
--- a/src/ui/views/ProviderSettingsView.vue
+++ b/src/ui/views/ProviderSettingsView.vue
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ const removeTitle = (title) =>
         <span data-key-setup-chip-label>{{ chip ? chip.label : t('POWER UP') }}</span>
       </button>
     </Teleport>
-    <LocalePicker v-if="picker" :key="picker.current" :current="picker.current" :on-select="picker.onSelect" />
+    <LocalePicker v-if="picker" :key="picker.current" :current="picker.current" :on-select="picker.onSelect" :focus="picker.focus" />
   </div>
   <aside v-if="available" id="key-setup" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="key-setup-title" aria-describedby="key-setup-description" :hidden="dialog.hidden" v-class-toggle="{ visible: dialog.visible }" :data-ready="view?.ready ? 'true' : undefined" @transitionend="controls?.transitionEnd()">
     <div class="key-setup-scanline" aria-hidden="true"></div>
diff --git a/src/ui/views/panels/DisplayPanel.vue b/src/ui/views/panels/DisplayPanel.vue
index b2f0f70db..8617ea0ed 100644
--- a/src/ui/views/panels/DisplayPanel.vue
+++ b/src/ui/views/panels/DisplayPanel.vue
@@ -39,20 +39,20 @@ const celestialTitle = computed(() =>
 );
 const models3dOn = computed(() => models3d.value?.pressed ?? true);
 const modelsMode = computed(() => models3d.value?.mode ?? 'proximity');
-const modelsOptions = [
+const modelsOptions = computed(() => [
   { value: 'proximity', label: t('Proximity'), attrs: { id: 'models3d-mode-proximity', 'data-mode': 'proximity' } },
   { value: 'all', label: t('All'), attrs: { id: 'models3d-mode-all', 'data-mode': 'all' } },
-];
+]);
 const drawShape = computed(() => draw.value?.shape ?? 'area');
-const drawShapeOptions = [
+const drawShapeOptions = computed(() => [
   { value: 'area', label: t('Area'), attrs: { 'data-shape': 'area' } },
   { value: 'line', label: t('Line'), attrs: { 'data-shape': 'line' } },
   { value: 'pin', label: t('Pin'), attrs: { 'data-shape': 'pin' } },
-];
-const allocationOptions = [
+]);
+const allocationOptions = computed(() => [
   { value: 'ELASTIC', label: t('Elastic'), attrs: { id: 'detection-allocation-elastic', 'data-allocation': 'ELASTIC' } },
   { value: 'WEIGHTED', label: t('Weighted'), attrs: { id: 'detection-allocation-weighted', 'data-allocation': 'WEIGHTED' } },
-];
+]);
 </script>
 
 <template>
diff --git a/src/ui/views/panels/LocalePicker.vue b/src/ui/views/panels/LocalePicker.vue
index fd22a70b5..4c8b41b47 100644
--- a/src/ui/views/panels/LocalePicker.vue
+++ b/src/ui/views/panels/LocalePicker.vue
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import {
   computed,
   nextTick,
   onBeforeUnmount,
+  onMounted,
   shallowRef,
   useTemplateRef,
 } from 'vue';
@@ -23,6 +24,8 @@ import { vClassToggle } from '../../rail/classToggle.js';
 const props = defineProps({
   current: { type: String, required: true },
   onSelect: { type: Function, required: true },
+  /** Focus the button once drawn: the picker is drawn again after a choice. */
+  focus: { type: Boolean, default: false },
   locales: { type: Array, default: () => LOCALES },
   nativeNames: { type: Object, default: () => LOCALE_NAMES },
   searchThreshold: { type: Number, default: LOCALE_SEARCH_THRESHOLD },
@@ -73,9 +76,11 @@ const focusTarget = () => search.value || listbox.value;
 const activeDescendant = computed(() =>
   view.value.active ? ids.option(view.value.active) : undefined,
 );
-const buttonLabel = t('Language: {language}', {
-  language: props.nativeNames[props.current] || props.current,
-});
+const buttonLabel = computed(() =>
+  t('Language: {language}', {
+    language: props.nativeNames[props.current] || props.current,
+  }),
+);
 
 let swallowSpaceKeyup = false;
 
@@ -88,7 +93,7 @@ function close({ restoreFocus = false } = {}) {
   if (restoreFocus) button.value?.focus({ preventScroll: true });
 }
 
-// The shell may ask before switching; the list is closed on screen first.
+// The list is closed on screen before the shell switches.
 async function choose(code) {
   close({ restoreFocus: true });
   if (code === props.current) return;
@@ -173,6 +178,9 @@ function onFocusOut(event) {
   if (model.open && next && !root.value?.contains(next)) close();
 }
 
+onMounted(() => {
+  if (props.focus) button.value?.focus({ preventScroll: true });
+});
 onBeforeUnmount(() => close());
 
 defineExpose({ open, close, isOpen: () => model.open });
diff --git a/src/ui/views/panels/RadioPanel.vue b/src/ui/views/panels/RadioPanel.vue
index fc9a494ba..23891090d 100644
--- a/src/ui/views/panels/RadioPanel.vue
+++ b/src/ui/views/panels/RadioPanel.vue
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ const setFilter = (select) => {
 // its own frames.
 const sdrConnected = computed(() => sdr.value?.connectionActive ?? null);
 // The collapse button keeps Radio's own wording, not "Expand RADIO".
-const radioWords = {
+const radioWords = computed(() => ({
   expandLabel: t('Expand Radio section'),
   collapseLabel: t('Collapse Radio section'),
   expandTitle: t('Expand Radio'),
   collapseTitle: t('Collapse Radio'),
-};
+}));
 </script>
 
 <template>
diff --git a/src/ui/views/panels/StreetLevelPanel.vue b/src/ui/views/panels/StreetLevelPanel.vue
index da8c2a1b4..0e3c87962 100644
--- a/src/ui/views/panels/StreetLevelPanel.vue
+++ b/src/ui/views/panels/StreetLevelPanel.vue
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ const shows = computed(
 );
 const pano = computed(() => view.value?.filter.pano ?? 'all');
 
-const renderModeOptions = [
+const renderModeOptions = computed(() => [
   {
     value: 'letterbox',
     label: t('FIT'),
@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ const renderModeOptions = [
       title: t('Fill: fill the frame edge to edge, cropping the photo'),
     },
   },
-];
-const panoOptions = [
+]);
+const panoOptions = computed(() => [
   { value: 'all', label: t('ALL'), attrs: { 'data-sl-pano': 'all' } },
   { value: 'pano', label: '360°', attrs: { 'data-sl-pano': 'pano' } },
   { value: 'flat', label: t('FLAT'), attrs: { 'data-sl-pano': 'flat' } },
-];
+]);
 
 // The image line and OPEN keep what they last showed while hidden.
 const image = shallowRef({
diff --git a/src/ui/visualSettings.js b/src/ui/visualSettings.js
index c5bb2c4d7..736e4a49e 100644
--- a/src/ui/visualSettings.js
+++ b/src/ui/visualSettings.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { STYLE_STATUS_LABELS } from './visualPresets.js';
 import { RETIRED_STYLES } from '../visualStylePolicy.js';
 import { useDisplayStore } from './stores/display.js';
 import { applicationPinia } from './vueRuntime.js';
-import { t } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { onLocaleChange, t } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { UiLifetime } from './uiLifetime.js';
 import {
   VisualEffects,
@@ -180,6 +180,15 @@ export class VisualSettings {
       readDisplayPortalActive,
     });
     this._lifetime = new UiLifetime();
+    // The display, the active style and the style sliders carry translated
+    // text; publish them again in a new locale.
+    this._lifetime.own(
+      onLocaleChange(() => {
+        this._publishActiveStyle();
+        this._publishDisplay();
+        this._refreshParameters();
+      }),
+    );
     // The active style's published parameter rows; null while it has none.
     this._parameters = null;
     this._parametersToken = store.connect({
diff --git a/src/voice/control.js b/src/voice/control.js
index 5df953d39..05310d7b0 100644
--- a/src/voice/control.js
+++ b/src/voice/control.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { nextTick } from 'vue';
-import { t } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { onLocaleChange, t } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { useVoiceStore } from '../ui/stores/voice.js';
 import { applicationPinia } from '../ui/vueRuntime.js';
 
@@ -73,30 +73,32 @@ function initialState(panel) {
       hidden: true,
       options: [],
       value: '',
-      title: t('Changing provider reconnects voice if it is on.'),
+      title: () => t('Changing provider reconnects voice if it is on.'),
     },
     tier: {
       hidden: false,
-      text: t('STD'),
+      text: () => t('STD'),
       pressed: false,
-      title: t('Voice model tier — applies next session'),
+      title: () => t('Voice model tier — applies next session'),
     },
     cost: {
       hidden: false,
       text: '~$0.00',
       level: 'ok',
-      title: t('Estimated session cost'),
+      title: () => t('Estimated session cost'),
     },
     costWarning: { hidden: true, text: '', level: null, title: null },
     button: {
-      label: t('Voice control — activate to toggle voice; hold Space to speak'),
+      label: () =>
+        t('Voice control — activate to toggle voice; hold Space to speak'),
       pressed: null,
     },
-    mic: { text: t('ON/OFF') },
-    status: { text: voiceStatusLabel('idle') },
-    detail: { text: t('VOICE STANDBY'), title: null },
+    mic: { text: () => t('ON/OFF') },
+    status: { text: () => voiceStatusLabel('idle') },
+    detail: { text: () => t('VOICE STANDBY'), title: null },
     help: {
-      text: t('Hold Space to speak · tap Space to activate focused controls'),
+      text: () =>
+        t('Hold Space to speak · tap Space to activate focused controls'),
     },
     error: { text: '' },
     voicePanel: {
@@ -107,14 +109,17 @@ function initialState(panel) {
       settingsExpanded: false,
       selected: 'preview',
     },
-    previewEmpty: { hidden: false, text: t('Voice replies appear here.') },
+    previewEmpty: {
+      hidden: false,
+      text: () => t('Voice replies appear here.'),
+    },
     preferences: {
       previewChecked: true,
       previewNote: '',
       timeoutChoice: '5',
       timeoutMinutes: '5',
       timeoutInputHidden: false,
-      timeoutNote: t('These preferences stay in this browser.'),
+      timeoutNote: () => t('These preferences stay in this browser.'),
       timeoutStatus: '',
       // Bumped by every owner write of the fields, so the view restores a
       // refused edit but leaves a draft alone across other renders.
@@ -164,7 +169,30 @@ export function createVoiceControl({
 } = {}) {
   const id = ++controlCount;
   const listeners = new Map();
+  // The fields given as functions, by part: they are called again when the
+  // locale changes, so the control's words follow the language.
+  const wording = new Map();
+  const word = (part, patch) => {
+    let fields = wording.get(part);
+    let worded = patch;
+    for (const [field, value] of Object.entries(patch)) {
+      if (typeof value !== 'function') {
+        fields?.delete(field);
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (!fields) wording.set(part, (fields = new Map()));
+      fields.set(field, value);
+      if (worded === patch) worded = { ...patch };
+      worded[field] = value();
+    }
+    return worded;
+  };
   let state = initialState(Boolean(panel));
+  for (const [part, value] of Object.entries(state))
+    if (part !== 'card' && value && typeof value === 'object')
+      state[part] = word(part, value);
+  // The default card's labels follow the locale until a card replaces it.
+  let defaultCard = true;
   // Each bar's `--audio-level` and `--audio-opacity`, or null at rest.
   let bars = null;
   let removed = false;
@@ -191,15 +219,21 @@ export function createVoiceControl({
     get state() {
       return state;
     },
-    /** Merge `patch` into one part of the control. */
+    /**
+     * Merge `patch` into one part of the control. A field given as a
+     * function is shown as what it returns, and called again when the
+     * locale changes; give translated words that way.
+     */
     update(part, patch) {
       if (removed) return;
-      state = { ...state, [part]: { ...state[part], ...patch } };
+      state = { ...state, [part]: { ...state[part], ...word(part, patch) } };
       publish();
     },
     /** Replace one part of the control. */
     replace(part, value) {
       if (removed) return;
+      wording.delete(part);
+      if (part === 'card') defaultCard = false;
       state = { ...state, [part]: value };
       publish();
     },
@@ -207,7 +241,8 @@ export function createVoiceControl({
      * Listen for an interaction the view reports: `button`, `tier`,
      * `provider-change`, `settings-button`, `settings-close`, `tab`,
      * `tab-keydown`, `panel-keydown`, `pointerenter`, `pointerleave`,
-     * `preview-change`, `timeout-select`, `timeout-input`, `card-dismiss`.
+     * `preview-change`, `timeout-select`, `timeout-input`, `card-dismiss`;
+     * and `locale` after a locale change, for an owner's own words.
      * @returns {() => void} Removes the listener.
      */
     on(name, listener) {
@@ -268,9 +303,21 @@ export function createVoiceControl({
         store.publishBars(null);
       }
       removed = true;
+      offLocale();
       listeners.clear();
     },
   };
+  const offLocale = onLocaleChange(() => {
+    if (removed) return;
+    for (const [part, fields] of wording) {
+      const patch = {};
+      for (const [field, value] of fields) patch[field] = value();
+      state = { ...state, [part]: { ...state[part], ...patch } };
+    }
+    if (defaultCard) state = { ...state, card: initialCard() };
+    publish();
+    ui.emit('locale');
+  });
   store.connect(ui);
   store.publishBars(null);
   publish();
diff --git a/src/voice/panel/host.js b/src/voice/panel/host.js
index 002f0a188..35677c3d5 100644
--- a/src/voice/panel/host.js
+++ b/src/voice/panel/host.js
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ export function createVoicePanelHost({
     };
     const renderActivity = () => {
       ui.update('preferences', {
-        timeoutStatus:
+        timeoutStatus: () =>
           nativeProvider === 'openai' || nativeProvider === 'gemini'
             ? ''
             : t('Automatic stop is unavailable for this voice connection.'),
@@ -234,9 +234,14 @@ export function createVoicePanelHost({
       card,
       getPreviewEnabled: () => preferences.snapshot().previewEnabled,
       getCockpitActive: () => readCockpitState()?.active === true,
+      // Getters, so the panel words them in the current locale.
       copy: {
-        previewEmpty: t('Voice replies appear here.'),
-        previewDisabled: t('Preview is off.'),
+        get previewEmpty() {
+          return t('Voice replies appear here.');
+        },
+        get previewDisabled() {
+          return t('Preview is off.');
+        },
       },
       onPresentationIntent: remember,
     });
@@ -245,8 +250,12 @@ export function createVoicePanelHost({
       preferences,
       copy: {
         previewNote: '',
-        timeoutNote: t('These preferences stay in this browser.'),
-        notSaved: t('Your choice applies now, but could not be saved.'),
+        get timeoutNote() {
+          return t('These preferences stay in this browser.');
+        },
+        get notSaved() {
+          return t('Your choice applies now, but could not be saved.');
+        },
       },
       onChange: (state) => {
         if (!owns()) return;
diff --git a/src/voice/panel/manualPanel.js b/src/voice/panel/manualPanel.js
index f611f9cbc..676c81269 100644
--- a/src/voice/panel/manualPanel.js
+++ b/src/voice/panel/manualPanel.js
@@ -59,9 +59,10 @@ export function createManualVoicePanel({
       selected: view,
     });
     card?.setPresented?.(open && view === 'preview' && !suppressed());
+    const previewOn = enabled();
     ui.update('previewEmpty', {
       hidden: ui.state.card.visible,
-      text: enabled() ? copy.previewEmpty : copy.previewDisabled,
+      text: () => (previewOn ? copy.previewEmpty : copy.previewDisabled),
     });
     if (restoreFocus) void ui.focus(['settingsButton', 'button']);
   };
diff --git a/src/voice/panel/preferences.js b/src/voice/panel/preferences.js
index 1c9c82cf3..a6942bc2f 100644
--- a/src/voice/panel/preferences.js
+++ b/src/voice/panel/preferences.js
@@ -120,8 +120,11 @@ export function bindPreferenceControls({ ui, preferences, copy, onChange }) {
     if (customSelected) custom = state.minutes;
     ui.update('preferences', {
       previewChecked: state.previewEnabled,
-      previewNote: `${copy.previewNote}${state.previewPersisted === false ? ` ${copy.notSaved}` : ''}`,
-      timeoutNote: `${copy.timeoutNote}${state.timeoutPersisted === false ? ` ${copy.notSaved}` : ''}`,
+      // Functions, so a locale change words the notes again.
+      previewNote: () =>
+        `${copy.previewNote}${state.previewPersisted === false ? ` ${copy.notSaved}` : ''}`,
+      timeoutNote: () =>
+        `${copy.timeoutNote}${state.timeoutPersisted === false ? ` ${copy.notSaved}` : ''}`,
       timeoutChoice:
         state.minutes === 0 ? '0' : customSelected ? 'custom' : value,
       timeoutMinutes: String(custom),
diff --git a/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs b/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs
index 290b723a8..41d092e73 100644
--- a/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import { createVoiceCommands as createCommands } from './commands.js';
 import { createGevActionRunner } from './gevActions.js';
 import { createPointerTracker } from './pointerContext.js';
 import { createReferentRegistry } from './referents.js';
-import { describeUnsavedWork, t as translate } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { createTestVoiceUi } from '../testSupport/voiceUi.mjs';
 
 const PROVIDER_KEY = 'gev.voice.provider';
@@ -749,15 +748,11 @@ for (const emitsIdle of [false, true]) {
 }
 
 test('outer destruction disposes the runner once and removes each provider binding', async (t) => {
-  const priorUnsaved = describeUnsavedWork();
   const f = compositionFixture(t);
   await f.facade.start();
   f.select('gemini');
   await settle();
   assert.equal(f.annotations.size, 1);
-  assert.ok(
-    describeUnsavedWork().includes(translate('the active voice session')),
-  );
   const oldCardEvents = f.views[0].cardView.events.length;
   for (const callback of f.annotations) callback({ id: 'fixture-outline' });
   assert.equal(f.views[0].cardView.outlines.length, 0);
@@ -771,7 +766,6 @@ test('outer destruction disposes the runner once and removes each provider bindi
   assert.equal(f.facade.signal.aborted, true);
   assert.equal(f.facade.disposed, true);
   assert.equal(f.annotations.size, 0);
-  assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), priorUnsaved);
   const finalEvents = f.events.length;
   const starts = f.instances.map((instance) => instance.starts.length);
   for (const [index, view] of f.views.entries()) {
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeController.js b/src/voice/realtimeController.js
index 36a399fdb..f545ae787 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeController.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeController.js
@@ -415,23 +415,26 @@ export class GevRealtimeController extends RealtimeFacade {
     });
     this.updateVoiceButtonLabel();
     const shownStatus = STATUS_STATES.has(status) ? status : 'idle';
-    this.ui.update('status', { text: voiceStatusLabel(shownStatus) });
-    const resolvedDetail =
-      status === 'listening' && this.pushToTalkMode
-        ? this.pushToTalkKeyHeld
+    this.ui.update('status', { text: () => voiceStatusLabel(shownStatus) });
+    // Words are given as functions, so a locale change words them again.
+    const holdToTalk = status === 'listening' && this.pushToTalkMode;
+    const held = this.pushToTalkKeyHeld;
+    const resolvedDetail = () =>
+      holdToTalk
+        ? held
           ? t('Release Space to send')
           : t('Hold Space to talk')
         : detail;
-    const primaryDetail =
+    const primaryDetail = () =>
       status === 'error'
         ? t('VOICE UNAVAILABLE')
-        : resolvedDetail ||
+        : resolvedDetail() ||
           (status === 'idle' ? t('VOICE STANDBY') : t('VOICE ACTIVE'));
     this.ui.update('detail', { text: primaryDetail, title: primaryDetail });
     this.ui.update('error', {
-      text:
+      text: () =>
         status === 'error'
-          ? resolvedDetail || t('Voice session could not be started.')
+          ? resolvedDetail() || t('Voice session could not be started.')
           : '',
     });
     if (status === 'idle' || status === 'connecting' || status === 'error') {
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeInput.js b/src/voice/realtimeInput.js
index b73bcfba1..dc01ec9d9 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeInput.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeInput.js
@@ -363,12 +363,10 @@ export class RealtimeInput {
   updateVoiceButtonLabel() {
     if (!this.ui) return;
     // The mic button's caption; the first-run tip names it the same way.
-    this.ui.update('mic', { text: t('MIC') });
+    this.ui.update('mic', { text: () => t('MIC') });
+    const { pushToTalkMode, pushToTalkKeyHeld } = this;
     this.ui.update('help', {
-      text: resolveVoiceControlHint(
-        this.pushToTalkMode,
-        this.pushToTalkKeyHeld,
-      ),
+      text: () => resolveVoiceControlHint(pushToTalkMode, pushToTalkKeyHeld),
     });
   }
 
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeSession.js b/src/voice/realtimeSession.js
index 5e507c3a1..2c295861e 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeSession.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeSession.js
@@ -22,10 +22,18 @@ export function createRealtimeSession({
     sendMapEvent: (event) => controller.notifyMapEvent(event),
     ignoreButtonClick: () => Boolean(controller.spaceKeyHeld),
     bindControls() {
-      // Kept as the remover; a full stop releases it.
-      controller.tierHandler = controller.ui.on('tier', () =>
+      // Kept as the remover; a full stop releases it. The cost readout and
+      // tier toggle are worded again in a new locale.
+      const offTier = controller.ui.on('tier', () =>
         controller.toggleVoiceTier(),
       );
+      const offLocale = controller.ui.on('locale', () =>
+        controller.syncCostUi(),
+      );
+      controller.tierHandler = () => {
+        offTier();
+        offLocale();
+      };
       controller.syncCostUi();
       controller.bindPushToTalkShortcut();
     },
diff --git a/src/voice/session.test.mjs b/src/voice/session.test.mjs
index 8ea24b4d1..dccfefb19 100644
--- a/src/voice/session.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/session.test.mjs
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import { createVoiceSession } from './session.js';
 import { createRealtimeSession } from './realtimeSession.js';
 import { realtimeSessionEvent } from './realtimeEvents.js';
 import { createVoiceCommands } from './sessionCommands.js';
-import { describeUnsavedWork } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { createTestVoiceUi } from '../testSupport/voiceUi.mjs';
 
 function deferred() {
@@ -294,20 +293,15 @@ test('common button and annotation bindings work with an alternate adapter and c
     assert.equal(ui.state.help.text, 'Activate to toggle voice');
     assert.equal(ui.state.status.text, 'LISTENING');
     assert.equal(ui.state.detail.text, 'Ready');
-    // Switching language (a reload) asks first during a session.
-    assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), ['the active voice session']);
     subscribed({ status: 'resolved' });
     assert.deepEqual(events, [
       { type: 'map_annotation_outline', status: 'resolved' },
     ]);
     click();
     assert.equal(controls.state, 'idle');
-    assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), []);
     click();
     await new Promise((done) => setTimeout(done, 0));
-    assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), ['the active voice session']);
     lifetime.abort();
-    assert.deepEqual(describeUnsavedWork(), [], 'disposal unregisters');
     assert.equal(subscribed, null);
     assert.equal(removed, 1);
     click();
diff --git a/src/voice/sessionCommands.js b/src/voice/sessionCommands.js
index 8e0563b8c..2c761bd42 100644
--- a/src/voice/sessionCommands.js
+++ b/src/voice/sessionCommands.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { createVoiceSession } from './session.js';
 import { VoiceCardControls } from './voiceCard.js';
 import { PointerReticle } from './pointerReticle.js';
 import { VOICE_PROVIDERS } from './providerCapabilities.js';
-import { msg, registerUnsavedWork, t } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { t } from '../i18n/index.js';
 
 function createDefaultReticle(pointer) {
   const element = pointer?.element;
@@ -74,12 +74,13 @@ export function createVoiceCommands({
         })),
       }),
       value: provider,
-      title: [
-        t('Changing provider reconnects voice if it is on.'),
-        capabilities.advisoryLimit,
-      ]
-        .filter(Boolean)
-        .join(' '),
+      title: () =>
+        [
+          t('Changing provider reconnects voice if it is on.'),
+          capabilities.advisoryLimit,
+        ]
+          .filter(Boolean)
+          .join(' '),
     });
     ui.update('root', { provider });
   }
@@ -91,8 +92,8 @@ export function createVoiceCommands({
   ui.update('tier', { hidden: !capabilities.costControls });
   ui.update('cost', { hidden: !capabilities.costControls });
   if (!capabilities.pushToTalk) {
-    ui.update('button', { label: t('Toggle voice control') });
-    ui.update('help', { text: t('Activate to toggle voice') });
+    ui.update('button', { label: () => t('Toggle voice control') });
+    ui.update('help', { text: () => t('Activate to toggle voice') });
   }
   // Retain the existing controller's inspection surface for browser tools.
   const controls = adapter.controller || session;
@@ -105,17 +106,17 @@ export function createVoiceCommands({
       ...(event.state === 'error' && { errorDismissed: false }),
     });
     // States are machine values; only the label is translated.
-    ui.update('status', { text: voiceStatusLabel(event.state) });
+    ui.update('status', { text: () => voiceStatusLabel(event.state) });
     // The portable session reports 'Voice off' in English: show the idle
     // label instead. Other details are provider messages, shown as they come.
     const idle = event.state === 'idle';
     const detail = event.detail === 'Voice off' ? '' : event.detail;
     ui.update('detail', {
-      text: detail || (idle ? t('Voice off') : t('Voice active')),
+      text: () => detail || (idle ? t('Voice off') : t('Voice active')),
     });
     ui.update('button', { pressed: session.isActive() });
     ui.update('error', {
-      text:
+      text: () =>
         event.state === 'error'
           ? event.detail || t('Voice could not be started.')
           : '',
@@ -169,10 +170,6 @@ export function createVoiceCommands({
     card?.outline(event);
     session.sendMapEvent({ type: 'map_annotation_outline', ...event });
   });
-  // A reload (the language switch) ends the conversation: ask first.
-  const unregisterUnsavedWork = registerUnsavedWork(() =>
-    session.isActive() ? msg('the active voice session') : null,
-  );
   const buttonHandler = () => {
     if (adapter.ignoreButtonClick?.()) return;
     if (session.isActive()) {
@@ -188,7 +185,6 @@ export function createVoiceCommands({
     cleaned = true;
     offButton();
     offProvider?.();
-    unregisterUnsavedWork();
     annotationUnsubscribe?.();
     updateStatus();
     updateCard?.();
diff --git a/src/voice/voiceCard.js b/src/voice/voiceCard.js
index 38a444ad6..cbe29fc1f 100644
--- a/src/voice/voiceCard.js
+++ b/src/voice/voiceCard.js
@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ export class VoiceCardControls {
     this.hideTimer = null;
     this.destroyed = false;
     if (!ui) return;
+    // The card's labels are worded again in a new locale.
+    this.offLocale = ui.on('locale', () => {
+      if (!this.destroyed) this.render();
+    });
     this.offDismiss = ui.on('card-dismiss', () =>
       this.handle({ type: 'dismiss' }),
     );
@@ -142,5 +146,6 @@ export class VoiceCardControls {
     this.destroyed = true;
     this.cancelIdle();
     this.offDismiss?.();
+    this.offLocale?.();
   }
 }