From 0c2e5727a5c1748323986eb901bc2cf31006b5a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Rajan <7121943+kvnloo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2026 20:52:44 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 001/181] feat(voice): reason-code viewport context escalation

---
 src/voice/realtimeViewport.js | 59 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js b/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js
index fd93996af..c41049d4c 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js
@@ -11,6 +11,31 @@ export const VIEWPORT_MAX_PIXELS = 1200 * 900;
 // ~1.08 MP, matches the old 1200px-wide landscape budget
 export const VIEWPORT_MAX_ENCODED_BYTES = 200 * 1024;
 
+/**
+ * Explain whether the existing Realtime path should escalate structured entity
+ * context to a viewport image. This is instrumentation vocabulary only; it
+ * preserves the current send policy exactly.
+ */
+export function viewportContextDecision(result, { channelOpen = true } = {}) {
+  if (result?.action !== 'get_entity_context')
+    return { send: false, reason: 'not-entity-context' };
+  if (!channelOpen) return { send: false, reason: 'channel-closed' };
+  const viewScale = result.scene?.basemap?.viewScale ?? null;
+  if (!shouldSendViewportImage(viewScale))
+    return { send: false, reason: 'view-scale-not-local', viewScale };
+  if (hasStructuredViewIdentity(result))
+    return {
+      send: false,
+      reason: 'structured-identity-sufficient',
+      viewScale,
+    };
+  return {
+    send: true,
+    reason: 'structured-identity-missing',
+    viewScale,
+  };
+}
+
 export async function captureViewportImage() {
   const viewer = window.__godsEyeView?.viewer;
   const source =
@@ -179,25 +204,31 @@ export class RealtimeViewport {
   }
 
   async sendVisualContextIfUseful(result) {
-    if (
-      result?.action !== 'get_entity_context' ||
-      !this.dc ||
-      this.dc.readyState !== 'open'
-    )
-      return false;
-    const viewScale = result.scene?.basemap?.viewScale;
-    if (!shouldSendViewportImage(viewScale)) return false;
-    if (hasStructuredViewIdentity(result)) return false;
-    const generation = this.generation;
     const channel = this.dc;
+    const decision = viewportContextDecision(result, {
+      channelOpen: channel?.readyState === 'open',
+    });
+    this.debugLog?.('viewport_context.decision', decision);
+    if (!decision.send) return false;
+
+    const generation = this.generation;
     const imageUrl = await this.capture();
+    if (!imageUrl) {
+      this.debugLog?.('viewport_context.skipped', {
+        reason: 'capture-unavailable',
+      });
+      return false;
+    }
     if (
-      !imageUrl ||
       generation !== this.generation ||
       this.dc !== channel ||
       channel.readyState !== 'open'
-    )
+    ) {
+      this.debugLog?.('viewport_context.skipped', {
+        reason: 'session-changed-during-capture',
+      });
       return false;
+    }
 
     // Keep at most one viewport screenshot in context. Images are the single
     // most expensive item (re-billed every turn they linger), so we proactively
@@ -257,6 +288,10 @@ export class RealtimeViewport {
       'client.viewport_context',
     );
     this.lastViewportItemId = sent ? newItemId : null;
+    this.debugLog?.('viewport_context.result', {
+      sent,
+      reason: sent ? 'sent' : 'data-channel-send-failed',
+    });
     return sent;
   }
 

From 073ffedc1fbccfe64ed1b9bad6ce636dad23c859 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Rajan <7121943+kvnloo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2026 20:52:54 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 002/181] feat(voice): route viewport decisions to diagnostics

---
 src/voice/realtimeController.js | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeController.js b/src/voice/realtimeController.js
index d0c9f1bae..285d0451b 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeController.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeController.js
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ export class GevRealtimeController extends RealtimeFacade {
 
       operations: {
         sendRealtimeEvent: (...args) => this.sendRealtimeEvent(...args),
+        debugLog: (...args) => this.debugLog(...args),
       },
     });
     this._diagnostics = new RealtimeDiagnostics({

From 3a40117e0619f477e7451cf57475670f9ccdcf99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Rajan <7121943+kvnloo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2026 20:53:12 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 003/181] test(voice): pin viewport escalation reasons

---
 src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs | 72 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 72 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs

diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs b/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2d135597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import test from 'node:test';
+
+import { viewportContextDecision } from './realtimeViewport.js';
+
+const localContext = (overrides = {}) => ({
+  action: 'get_entity_context',
+  scene: { basemap: { viewScale: 'local' } },
+  ...overrides,
+});
+
+test('viewport context reasons preserve the existing escalation gate', () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(viewportContextDecision({ action: 'get_current_view_state' }), {
+    send: false,
+    reason: 'not-entity-context',
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    viewportContextDecision(localContext(), { channelOpen: false }),
+    { send: false, reason: 'channel-closed' },
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    viewportContextDecision({
+      action: 'get_entity_context',
+      scene: { basemap: { viewScale: 'regional' } },
+    }),
+    {
+      send: false,
+      reason: 'view-scale-not-local',
+      viewScale: 'regional',
+    },
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    viewportContextDecision(
+      localContext({
+        selected: {
+          id: 'earthquake:1',
+          layerId: 'earthquakes',
+        },
+      }),
+    ),
+    {
+      send: false,
+      reason: 'structured-identity-sufficient',
+      viewScale: 'local',
+    },
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(viewportContextDecision(localContext()), {
+    send: true,
+    reason: 'structured-identity-missing',
+    viewScale: 'local',
+  });
+});
+
+test('nearby structured place identity avoids visual escalation too', () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    viewportContextDecision(
+      localContext({
+        scene: {
+          basemap: {
+            viewScale: 'local',
+            nearbyPlaces: [{ name: 'Austin' }],
+          },
+        },
+      }),
+    ),
+    {
+      send: false,
+      reason: 'structured-identity-sufficient',
+      viewScale: 'local',
+    },
+  );
+});

From 86969f8a11812be9f8a2133cd4d6bbf74c365614 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Rajan <7121943+kvnloo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2026 20:53:15 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 004/181] chore(format): adopt viewport policy tests

---
 scripts/format-scope.json | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/scripts/format-scope.json b/scripts/format-scope.json
index cd836a5cb..16041e033 100644
--- a/scripts/format-scope.json
+++ b/scripts/format-scope.json
@@ -603,6 +603,7 @@
   "src/voice/control.js",
   "src/voice/realtimeBackend.js",
   "src/voice/realtimeBackend.test.mjs",
+  "src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs",
   "src/voice/layerSummary.js",
   "build/application-html.js",
   "src/app/sourceSlot.js",

From 5195012c7f3ea322c1717d2cf9078d898ae54936 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Rajan <7121943+kvnloo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2026 20:55:51 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 005/181] debug(format): print viewport policy canonical output

---
 scripts/format.mjs | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/scripts/format.mjs b/scripts/format.mjs
index 25311ba29..e1f2d4ca6 100644
--- a/scripts/format.mjs
+++ b/scripts/format.mjs
@@ -120,6 +120,15 @@ export async function formatAdoptedFiles(root, mode) {
   }
 
   const changed = files.filter(({ source, formatted }) => source !== formatted);
+  if (mode === '--check') {
+    const target = changed.find(
+      ({ name }) => name === 'src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs',
+    );
+    if (target)
+      console.error(
+        `FORMAT_EXPECTED BEGIN\n${target.formatted}FORMAT_EXPECTED END`,
+      );
+  }
   if (mode === '--write') {
     for (const { file, formatted } of changed) await writeFile(file, formatted);
   }

From 989e740d6efb9276f22f80a638d402776029a0c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Rajan <7121943+kvnloo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2026 20:57:43 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 006/181] style(voice): format viewport policy tests

---
 src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs | 11 +++++++----
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs b/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
index b2d135597..cd49cd3f0 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
@@ -10,10 +10,13 @@ const localContext = (overrides = {}) => ({
 });
 
 test('viewport context reasons preserve the existing escalation gate', () => {
-  assert.deepEqual(viewportContextDecision({ action: 'get_current_view_state' }), {
-    send: false,
-    reason: 'not-entity-context',
-  });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    viewportContextDecision({ action: 'get_current_view_state' }),
+    {
+      send: false,
+      reason: 'not-entity-context',
+    },
+  );
   assert.deepEqual(
     viewportContextDecision(localContext(), { channelOpen: false }),
     { send: false, reason: 'channel-closed' },

From cacbbc972bf8ada8314a2a62b7cdae1abefa6c0c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Rajan <7121943+kvnloo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2026 20:57:48 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 007/181] chore: remove temporary formatter diagnostics

---
 scripts/format.mjs | 9 ---------
 1 file changed, 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/format.mjs b/scripts/format.mjs
index e1f2d4ca6..25311ba29 100644
--- a/scripts/format.mjs
+++ b/scripts/format.mjs
@@ -120,15 +120,6 @@ export async function formatAdoptedFiles(root, mode) {
   }
 
   const changed = files.filter(({ source, formatted }) => source !== formatted);
-  if (mode === '--check') {
-    const target = changed.find(
-      ({ name }) => name === 'src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs',
-    );
-    if (target)
-      console.error(
-        `FORMAT_EXPECTED BEGIN\n${target.formatted}FORMAT_EXPECTED END`,
-      );
-  }
   if (mode === '--write') {
     for (const { file, formatted } of changed) await writeFile(file, formatted);
   }

From 050f68ac03ea65a27627517f8f72b4e814398568 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Rajan <7121943+kvnloo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Oct 2026 23:37:22 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 008/181] test(voice): classify current-frame send and
 cancellation outcomes

Keep viewport and pointer-crop capture unchanged, but expose static reason codes for unavailable frames, invalidated turn captures and retained image sends. No image or user text in diagnostics.
---
 src/voice/realtimeViewport.js             | 16 +++++-
 src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 75 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js b/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js
index 9ab1b07a6..8ba50c73b 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js
@@ -437,15 +437,24 @@ export class RealtimeViewport {
     const captured = await captureImage();
     const imageUrl =
       typeof captured === 'string' ? captured : captured?.dataUrl || null;
+    if (!imageUrl) {
+      this.debugLog?.('viewport_context.skipped', {
+        reason: 'capture-unavailable',
+      });
+      return false;
+    }
     if (
-      !imageUrl ||
       generation !== this.generation ||
       request !== this.captureSeq ||
       this.dc !== channel ||
       channel.readyState !== 'open' ||
       (typeof frame.valid === 'function' && !frame.valid())
-    )
+    ) {
+      this.debugLog?.('viewport_context.skipped', {
+        reason: 'capture-invalidated',
+      });
       return false;
+    }
 
     // Keep at most one viewport screenshot in context. Images are the single
     // most expensive item (re-billed every turn they linger), so we proactively
@@ -506,6 +515,9 @@ export class RealtimeViewport {
           cameraKey: this.readCameraKey(),
         }
       : null;
+    this.debugLog?.('viewport_context.result', {
+      reason: sent ? 'sent' : 'data-channel-send-failed',
+    });
     return sent;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs b/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
index 5a361bcb5..3398f2a09 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
@@ -179,3 +179,64 @@ test('closed channel never captures pointer or full viewport', async () => {
   );
   assert.equal(await viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(localContext()), false);
 });
+
+test('capture failures and invalidated turns are reason-coded without sending', async () => {
+  const channel = { readyState: 'open' };
+  const diagnostics = [];
+  const viewport = new RealtimeViewport({
+    readChannel: () => channel,
+    operations: {
+      sendRealtimeEvent: () => {
+        throw new Error('should not send unavailable image');
+      },
+      debugLog: (event, detail) => diagnostics.push({ event, detail }),
+    },
+    capture: async () => null,
+  });
+  assert.equal(await viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(localContext()), false);
+  assert.ok(
+    diagnostics.some(
+      (item) =>
+        item.event === 'viewport_context.skipped' &&
+        item.detail.reason === 'capture-unavailable',
+    ),
+  );
+  let release;
+  viewport.capture = () =>
+    new Promise((resolve) => {
+      release = resolve;
+    });
+  const pending = viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(localContext());
+  viewport.reset();
+  release('data:image/jpeg;base64,AA==');
+  assert.equal(await pending, false);
+  assert.ok(
+    diagnostics.some(
+      (item) =>
+        item.event === 'viewport_context.skipped' &&
+        item.detail.reason === 'capture-invalidated',
+    ),
+  );
+});
+
+test('successful retained send is logged without recording image contents', async () => {
+  const channel = { readyState: 'open' };
+  const diagnostics = [];
+  const viewport = new RealtimeViewport({
+    readChannel: () => channel,
+    readCameraKey: () => 'camera:fixture',
+    operations: {
+      sendRealtimeEvent: () => true,
+      debugLog: (event, detail) => diagnostics.push({ event, detail }),
+    },
+    capture: async () => 'data:image/jpeg;base64,AA==',
+  });
+  assert.equal(await viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(localContext()), true);
+  assert.ok(diagnostics.some((item) =>
+    item.event === 'viewport_context.result' && item.detail.reason === 'sent'
+  ));
+  assert.equal(
+    JSON.stringify(diagnostics).includes('data:image/jpeg'),
+    false,
+  );
+});

From d4980b1b77e2b2d00686dcdc7214df02bb99c779 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Rajan <7121943+kvnloo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Oct 2026 23:39:42 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 009/181] test(voice): extract pinned formatting for #835
 review repair (temporary)

---
 scripts/format.mjs | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)

diff --git a/scripts/format.mjs b/scripts/format.mjs
index 25311ba29..1828bd84e 100644
--- a/scripts/format.mjs
+++ b/scripts/format.mjs
@@ -141,6 +141,18 @@ if (import.meta.url === invoked) {
     if (mode === '--check' && result.changed.length) {
       for (const name of result.changed)
         console.error(`Needs formatting: ${name}`);
+      // Temporary CI-only formatter diagnostic. This commit is never promoted.
+      for (const name of result.changed.filter((file) =>
+        ['src/voice/realtimeViewport.js', 'src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs'].includes(file)
+      )) {
+        const file = path.join(fileURLToPath(new URL('../', import.meta.url)), name);
+        const output = await prettier.format(await readFile(file, 'utf8'), {
+          ...(await prettier.resolveConfig(file)), filepath: file,
+        });
+        const encoded = Buffer.from(output).toString('base64');
+        for (let pos = 0; pos < encoded.length; pos += 1000)
+          console.error(`PRETTIER-DATA|${name}|${pos}|${encoded.slice(pos, pos + 1000)}`);
+      }
       process.exitCode = 1;
     } else {
       console.log(

From cb3b66e38b4c1f1d8ce2d00576efd2641d487b08 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Rajan <7121943+kvnloo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Oct 2026 23:41:12 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 010/181] style(voice): apply exact Prettier 3.9.6 output to
 #835

Restore unchanged formatter script after ephemeral CI verification. Keep current-main-compatible reason instrumentation, pointer crop and capture cancellation tests.
---
 scripts/format.mjs                        | 12 -------
 src/voice/realtimeViewport.js             |  1 -
 src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs | 44 +++++++++++++++--------
 3 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/format.mjs b/scripts/format.mjs
index 1828bd84e..25311ba29 100644
--- a/scripts/format.mjs
+++ b/scripts/format.mjs
@@ -141,18 +141,6 @@ if (import.meta.url === invoked) {
     if (mode === '--check' && result.changed.length) {
       for (const name of result.changed)
         console.error(`Needs formatting: ${name}`);
-      // Temporary CI-only formatter diagnostic. This commit is never promoted.
-      for (const name of result.changed.filter((file) =>
-        ['src/voice/realtimeViewport.js', 'src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs'].includes(file)
-      )) {
-        const file = path.join(fileURLToPath(new URL('../', import.meta.url)), name);
-        const output = await prettier.format(await readFile(file, 'utf8'), {
-          ...(await prettier.resolveConfig(file)), filepath: file,
-        });
-        const encoded = Buffer.from(output).toString('base64');
-        for (let pos = 0; pos < encoded.length; pos += 1000)
-          console.error(`PRETTIER-DATA|${name}|${pos}|${encoded.slice(pos, pos + 1000)}`);
-      }
       process.exitCode = 1;
     } else {
       console.log(
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js b/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js
index 8ba50c73b..18d06093f 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js
@@ -112,7 +112,6 @@ export function viewportContextDecision(result, { channelOpen = true } = {}) {
   };
 }
 
-
 /**
  * Square source rectangle around a canvas point, clamped inside the canvas,
  * in drawing-buffer pixels, plus where the point lands in the output image.
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs b/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
index 3398f2a09..0d679559f 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import test from 'node:test';
 
-import { RealtimeViewport, viewportContextDecision } from './realtimeViewport.js';
+import {
+  RealtimeViewport,
+  viewportContextDecision,
+} from './realtimeViewport.js';
 
 const localContext = (overrides = {}) => ({
   action: 'get_entity_context',
@@ -99,7 +102,10 @@ test('pointer ground selects the #837 crop path, not a full viewport', () => {
     },
   );
   assert.deepEqual(
-    viewportContextDecision({ ...pointerContext, selected: { id: 'building' } }),
+    viewportContextDecision({
+      ...pointerContext,
+      selected: { id: 'building' },
+    }),
     {
       send: false,
       reason: 'pointer-identity-present',
@@ -144,8 +150,14 @@ test('runtime dispatch preserves pointer crop and full image separation', async
     true,
   );
   assert.equal(calls.filter((call) => call.kind === 'crop').length, 1);
-  assert.deepEqual(calls.find((call) => call.kind === 'crop').snapshot, pointer);
-  assert.equal(calls.find((call) => call.kind === 'crop').options.viewScale, 'city');
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    calls.find((call) => call.kind === 'crop').snapshot,
+    pointer,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    calls.find((call) => call.kind === 'crop').options.viewScale,
+    'city',
+  );
   assert.equal(calls.filter((call) => call.kind === 'viewport').length, 0);
 
   assert.equal(await viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(localContext()), true);
@@ -157,10 +169,13 @@ test('runtime dispatch preserves pointer crop and full image separation', async
     false,
   );
   assert.equal(calls.filter((call) => call.kind === 'viewport').length, 1);
-  assert.ok(calls.some((call) =>
-    call.event === 'viewport_context.decision' &&
-    call.detail.reason === 'pointer-ground-crop'
-  ));
+  assert.ok(
+    calls.some(
+      (call) =>
+        call.event === 'viewport_context.decision' &&
+        call.detail.reason === 'pointer-ground-crop',
+    ),
+  );
 });
 
 test('closed channel never captures pointer or full viewport', async () => {
@@ -232,11 +247,12 @@ test('successful retained send is logged without recording image contents', asyn
     capture: async () => 'data:image/jpeg;base64,AA==',
   });
   assert.equal(await viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(localContext()), true);
-  assert.ok(diagnostics.some((item) =>
-    item.event === 'viewport_context.result' && item.detail.reason === 'sent'
-  ));
-  assert.equal(
-    JSON.stringify(diagnostics).includes('data:image/jpeg'),
-    false,
+  assert.ok(
+    diagnostics.some(
+      (item) =>
+        item.event === 'viewport_context.result' &&
+        item.detail.reason === 'sent',
+    ),
   );
+  assert.equal(JSON.stringify(diagnostics).includes('data:image/jpeg'), false);
 });

From 586ed4f8ea7f89ff24f82635419cee2e618b8856 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said <asturksever@mac.home>
Date: Tue, 20 Oct 2026 01:21:04 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 011/181] fix(tools): bound untrusted display text at output
 boundaries

---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                   |  7 ++++++
 scripts/package-boundaries.json         |  6 +++++
 src/data/alprCameras.test.mjs           | 21 +++++++++++++++++
 src/data/displayText.js                 | 12 ++++++++++
 src/layers/alpr/records.js              |  3 ++-
 src/tools/queries/surveillance.js       | 11 +++++----
 src/tools/queries/surveillance.test.mjs | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/voice/gevActions.js                 | 19 +++++++--------
 src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs           | 13 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 106 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/data/displayText.js

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 55b7a63ab..b3a48f66e 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 # God's Eye View Current State
 
+External ALPR tags, surveillance-tool display fields, voice context text and
+compact analyst strings collapse controls and whitespace before a final
+180-character cap (scene labels retain their 120-character cap). Empty ALPR
+values remain null and Unicode text is preserved without splitting a surrogate
+pair. These fields remain untrusted source data in structured tool output; text
+normalization does not establish trust or eliminate prompt injection.
+
 Shared distance checks use `src/geoDistance.js` with `{ lat, lon }` points and
 the IUGG mean spherical Earth radius, 6371.0088 km. `greatCircleKm` is
 canonical; `greatCircleMeters` is its exact metre conversion. Missing,
diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index ca5dc0c7f..859b030e7 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -1450,6 +1450,7 @@
       "src/layers/alpr/overlay.js",
       "src/layers/alpr/source.js",
       "src/data/inputOwnership.js",
+      "src/data/displayText.js",
       "src/layers/alpr/records.js",
       "src/data/tomtomTiles.js",
       "src/layers/alpr/tileRecords.js",
@@ -2228,6 +2229,7 @@
       "src/ui/visualSettings.js",
       "src/voice/commands.js",
       "src/voice/control.js",
+      "src/data/displayText.js",
       "src/voice/gevActions.js",
       "src/agent/worldPacket.js",
       "src/voice/speech.js",
@@ -2914,6 +2916,7 @@
       "src/search/coordinateParser.js",
       "src/search/presetGeocoder.js",
       "src/app/localGeojsonServices.js",
+      "src/data/displayText.js",
       "src/layers/alpr/records.js",
       "src/layers/earthquakes/records.js",
       "src/app/layers/perimeters.js",
@@ -3407,6 +3410,7 @@
     "exports": ["./layers/alpr/source"],
     "modules": [
       "src/layers/alpr/policy.js",
+      "src/data/displayText.js",
       "src/layers/alpr/records.js",
       "src/layers/alpr/source.js",
       "src/data/tomtomTiles.js",
@@ -3817,6 +3821,7 @@
       "src/i18n/marker.js",
       "src/tools/queries/imagery.js",
       "src/tools/queries/cables.js",
+      "src/data/displayText.js",
       "src/tools/queries/surveillance.js",
       "src/tools/queries/infrastructure.js",
       "src/tools/queries/events.js",
@@ -3923,6 +3928,7 @@
       "src/layers/submarineCables/bundledSource.js",
       "src/layers/alpr/source.js",
       "src/layers/alpr/policy.js",
+      "src/data/displayText.js",
       "src/layers/alpr/records.js",
       "src/layers/alpr/tileRecords.js",
       "src/sources/infrastructureData.js",
diff --git a/src/data/alprCameras.test.mjs b/src/data/alprCameras.test.mjs
index 5a50220d5..e68b11da3 100644
--- a/src/data/alprCameras.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/alprCameras.test.mjs
@@ -1493,3 +1493,24 @@ test('a repeated move inside an outstanding query keeps the displayed marker set
     h.restore();
   }
 });
+
+test('ALPR display tags collapse controls and cap final text without erasing Unicode', () => {
+  const record = normalizeAlprNode({
+    type: 'node',
+    id: 1,
+    lat: 30,
+    lon: -97,
+    tags: {
+      'surveillance:type': 'ALPR',
+      operator: '  Şehir\n\u0000 PD  ',
+      manufacturer: '😀'.repeat(200),
+      'camera:type': null,
+      'surveillance:zone': '\t traffic   zone ',
+    },
+  });
+  assert.equal(record.operator, 'Şehir PD');
+  assert.equal(record.manufacturer.length, 180);
+  assert.equal(record.manufacturer, '😀'.repeat(90));
+  assert.equal(record.cameraType, null);
+  assert.equal(record.zone, 'traffic zone');
+});
diff --git a/src/data/displayText.js b/src/data/displayText.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1138c4cc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/displayText.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/** Bounded, single-line external display text; it remains untrusted source data. */
+export function normalizeDisplayText(value, maxLength = 180) {
+  if (value == null || typeof value === 'object' || typeof value === 'function')
+    return '';
+  return String(value)
+    .replace(/[\u0000-\u001f\u007f-\u009f]/g, ' ')
+    .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
+    .trim()
+    .slice(0, maxLength)
+    .replace(/[\uD800-\uDBFF]$/, '')
+    .trim();
+}
diff --git a/src/layers/alpr/records.js b/src/layers/alpr/records.js
index 0d751f12d..d8d2ac104 100644
--- a/src/layers/alpr/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/alpr/records.js
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
+import { normalizeDisplayText } from '../../data/displayText.js';
 import { QUERY_LIMIT, QUERY_SNAP_DEGREES } from './policy.js';
 
 export function textTag(value) {
-  const t = String(value ?? '').trim();
+  const t = normalizeDisplayText(value);
   return t || null;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/tools/queries/surveillance.js b/src/tools/queries/surveillance.js
index 06723007a..4ddafabc2 100644
--- a/src/tools/queries/surveillance.js
+++ b/src/tools/queries/surveillance.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /** Automated license plate reader cameras mapped in OpenStreetMap. */
 
+import { normalizeDisplayText } from '../../data/displayText.js';
 import { suggestView } from '../views.js';
 import { defineTool, ToolError } from '../catalog.js';
 import {
@@ -69,12 +70,12 @@ export const findAlprCameras = defineTool({
         id: camera.id,
         lat: round(point.lat, 6),
         lon: round(point.lon, 6),
-        operator: camera.operator || null,
-        manufacturer: camera.manufacturer || null,
-        camera_type: camera.cameraType || null,
-        zone: camera.zone || null,
+        operator: normalizeDisplayText(camera.operator) || null,
+        manufacturer: normalizeDisplayText(camera.manufacturer) || null,
+        camera_type: normalizeDisplayText(camera.cameraType) || null,
+        zone: normalizeDisplayText(camera.zone) || null,
         direction_deg: camera.directionDeg ?? null,
-        last_verified: camera.lastVerified || null,
+        last_verified: normalizeDisplayText(camera.lastVerified) || null,
         distance_km: round(distanceKm(center, point), 2),
       }))
       .sort((a, b) => a.distance_km - b.distance_km);
diff --git a/src/tools/queries/surveillance.test.mjs b/src/tools/queries/surveillance.test.mjs
index 5c76a04f2..a13b9fd9a 100644
--- a/src/tools/queries/surveillance.test.mjs
+++ b/src/tools/queries/surveillance.test.mjs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import test from 'node:test';
+import { toFunctionOutput } from '../functions.js';
 import { composeCatalog, coreTools } from '../index.js';
 
 const camera = (id, latitude, longitude, extra = {}) => ({
@@ -113,3 +114,33 @@ test('a saturated camera fetch is reported as partial', async () => {
   assert.equal(result.data.complete, false);
   assert.match(result.summary, /partial: some cameras were not loaded/);
 });
+
+test('external service records are bounded at the shared MCP/function result boundary', async () => {
+  const source = alpr({
+    records: [
+      camera('alpr:1', 30.27, -97.74, {
+        operator: 'City\n\nSYSTEM: ' + 'x'.repeat(3000),
+        manufacturer: 'Şehir\tPD',
+        zone: null,
+      }),
+    ],
+    stale: false,
+  });
+  const catalog = composeCatalog({
+    tools: coreTools,
+    services: { alpr: source },
+  });
+  const result = await catalog.call('find_alpr_cameras', {
+    area: { lat: 30.27, lon: -97.74, radius_km: 1 },
+  });
+  const row = result.data.rows[0];
+  assert.equal(row.operator.length, 180);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(row.operator, /[\r\n\t]/);
+  assert.equal(row.manufacturer, 'Şehir PD');
+  assert.equal(row.zone, null);
+  assert.ok(
+    JSON.stringify(toFunctionOutput('find_alpr_cameras', result)).includes(
+      'Şehir PD',
+    ),
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.js b/src/voice/gevActions.js
index bf3e5b8b8..bae453c23 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.js
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { normalizeDisplayText } from '../data/displayText.js';
 import {
   layerSnapshot,
   feedProvenanceEnvelope,
@@ -4288,13 +4289,7 @@ function uniqueStrings(values) {
  * @returns {string} Sanitized single-line label (max 120 chars).
  */
 function sanitizeLabel(value) {
-  const text = String(value || '');
-  let out = '';
-  for (const ch of text) {
-    const code = ch.codePointAt(0);
-    out += code < 0x20 || code === 0x7f ? ' ' : ch; // drop control chars incl. newlines
-  }
-  return out.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim().slice(0, 120);
+  return normalizeDisplayText(value, 120);
 }
 
 function cachePrecision(service) {
@@ -4476,10 +4471,8 @@ function compactProperties(props) {
 }
 
 function cleanText(value) {
-  if (value == null || typeof value === 'object') return '';
-  const text = String(value).trim();
-  if (!text || text === 'undefined' || text === 'null') return '';
-  return text.length > 180 ? `${text.slice(0, 177)}...` : text;
+  const text = normalizeDisplayText(value);
+  return text === 'undefined' || text === 'null' ? '' : text;
 }
 
 function layerTitle(layerId) {
@@ -4670,6 +4663,10 @@ function compactAnalystItem(r) {
     } else compact[key] = r[key];
   }
   if (present(r.ageHours)) compact.ageHours = r.ageHours;
+  for (const key of Object.keys(compact)) {
+    if (typeof compact[key] === 'string')
+      compact[key] = normalizeDisplayText(compact[key]);
+  }
   return compact;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
index 4a3a8ec72..2009d789e 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
@@ -3931,3 +3931,16 @@ test('analyst-only lookup distinguishes duplicate names and uses canonical aircr
   assert.equal(plane.ok, true);
   assert.equal(plane.latitude, 36, 'canonical ID resolves the current position, not old coordinates');
 });
+
+
+test('analyst item display strings are single-line and bounded for voice', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const rows = [{ id: 'stable-id', name: 'Şehir\n' + 'x'.repeat(3000), label: 'Town\tStation', operator: 'City\nPD', lat: 30, lon: -97 }];
+  const { runner } = manifestRunner({ bikeshare: { getStats: () => ({ count: 1, lastUpdate: Date.now() }), getAnalystRecords: () => rows } });
+  const result = await runner('analyst_query', { layers: ['bikeshare'], scope: { kind: 'anywhere' }, limit: 1 });
+  assert.equal(result.ok, true);
+  assert.equal(result.items[0].name.length, 180);
+  assert.equal(result.items[0].label, 'Town Station');
+  assert.equal(result.items[0].id, 'stable-id');
+  for (const value of Object.values(result.items[0])) if (typeof value === 'string') assert.doesNotMatch(value, /[\r\n\t]/);
+});

From 3685c416f3d0e13a2e19e9e70e777d3723b323cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said <asturksever@mac.home>
Date: Tue, 20 Oct 2026 01:21:41 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 012/181] docs: record text fix

---
 changelog.d/1280-text-issue-fix.md | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1280-text-issue-fix.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1280-text-issue-fix.md b/changelog.d/1280-text-issue-fix.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d13f3f9cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1280-text-issue-fix.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+- Bound untrusted display text at output boundaries (asturksever, #1280).

From cbca6a228d83ff13a19a9f20bd9003a4eefd3d3a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said Turksever <asturksever@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Oct 2026 12:31:18 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 013/181] fix(voice): keep canonical analyst IDs out of
 display-text normalization

compactAnalystItem normalized every string field, including `id`.
Bikeshare uses the raw station name as its ID, so a station with
repeated spaces or a name over 180 code units was registered as a
referent under a different key and a numbered fly_to_location reported
it as no longer loaded. Normalize display fields only; layerKey, id,
icao24, mmsi, noradId, registration and callsign pass through as the
layer reports them.

Adds an analyst_query -> referent -> fly_to_location test for
repeated-space and long station names, and documents the rule in
docs/CURRENT-STATE.md.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md         |  8 +++++--
 src/voice/gevActions.js       | 20 +++++++++++++++++-
 src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs | 40 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 721caabd4..0e875c1ea 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -13,8 +13,12 @@ External ALPR tags, surveillance-tool display fields, voice context text and
 compact analyst strings collapse controls and whitespace before a final
 180-character cap (scene labels retain their 120-character cap). Empty ALPR
 values remain null and Unicode text is preserved without splitting a surrogate
-pair. These fields remain untrusted source data in structured tool output; text
-normalization does not establish trust or eliminate prompt injection.
+pair. Only display fields are normalized: canonical analyst identifiers
+(`id`, `layerKey`, `icao24`, `mmsi`, `noradId`, `registration`, `callsign`)
+pass through unchanged, because bikeshare uses the raw station name as its ID
+and numbered voice references resolve by that key. These fields remain
+untrusted source data in structured tool output; text normalization does not
+establish trust or eliminate prompt injection.
 
 Terrain height requests accept at most 64 points, matching the browser service's
 existing batch size and one bounded upstream chunk. Larger requests return HTTP
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.js b/src/voice/gevActions.js
index 308736ed5..71610992c 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.js
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.js
@@ -4570,6 +4570,21 @@ const ANALYST_IDENTITY_FIELDS = Object.freeze([
   'noradId',
 ]);
 
+/**
+ * Analyst item keys that identify a record rather than describe it: the
+ * referent registry, track_entity and locateLayerEntity match on them, so
+ * display-text normalization must leave them byte-for-byte unchanged.
+ */
+const ANALYST_CANONICAL_FIELDS = new Set([
+  'layerKey',
+  'id',
+  'icao24',
+  'mmsi',
+  'noradId',
+  'registration',
+  'callsign',
+]);
+
 /**
  * Compact one analyst record for the voice payload: identity, position (so a
  * follow-up can fly to it), distance, and that layer's manifest fields with
@@ -4607,8 +4622,11 @@ function compactAnalystItem(r) {
     } else compact[key] = r[key];
   }
   if (present(r.ageHours)) compact.ageHours = r.ageHours;
+  // Display text only: canonical keys are lookup identities (bikeshare uses
+  // the raw station name as its id), so the referent registry and
+  // locateLayerEntity must see them exactly as the layer reports them.
   for (const key of Object.keys(compact)) {
-    if (typeof compact[key] === 'string')
+    if (typeof compact[key] === 'string' && !ANALYST_CANONICAL_FIELDS.has(key))
       compact[key] = normalizeDisplayText(compact[key]);
   }
   return compact;
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
index 2009d789e..5367bd2f3 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
@@ -3944,3 +3944,43 @@ test('analyst item display strings are single-line and bounded for voice', async
   assert.equal(result.items[0].id, 'stable-id');
   for (const value of Object.values(result.items[0])) if (typeof value === 'string') assert.doesNotMatch(value, /[\r\n\t]/);
 });
+
+test('analyst_query keeps canonical IDs raw so numbered references still fly to the station', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const { viewer, styleManager } = createVoiceNavigationHarness();
+  const referents = createReferentRegistry();
+  const longName = 'Station ' + 'é'.repeat(200);
+  const spaced = 'Congress  Ave   & 2nd';
+  const stations = [
+    { id: spaced, name: spaced, lat: 30.2672, lon: -97.7431 },
+    { id: longName, name: longName, lat: 30.2711, lon: -97.7437 },
+  ];
+  const bikeshare = { getStats: () => ({ count: stations.length, lastUpdate: Date.now() }), getAnalystRecords: () => stations };
+  const runner = createActionRunner({
+    viewer, styleManager,
+    dataManager: {
+      layers: new Map([['bikeshare', { module: bikeshare }]]),
+      isEnabled: () => true,
+      getAll: () => [{ id: 'bikeshare', name: 'bikeshare', enabled: true, stats: bikeshare.getStats() }],
+    },
+    deixis: { referents },
+  });
+  const listed = await runner('analyst_query', { layers: ['bikeshare'], scope: { kind: 'anywhere' }, limit: 2 });
+  assert.equal(listed.ok, true);
+  const bySpaced = listed.items.find((item) => item.id === spaced);
+  const byLong = listed.items.find((item) => item.id === longName);
+  assert.ok(bySpaced && byLong, 'compact items keep the raw station-name IDs');
+  assert.equal(bySpaced.name, 'Congress Ave & 2nd', 'display name is still normalized');
+  assert.equal(byLong.name.length, 180, 'display name is still bounded');
+  assert.equal(byLong.id.length, longName.length);
+  const registered = referents.list();
+  assert.equal(registered.length, 2, 'the analyst result became the numbered list');
+  for (const ref of registered) {
+    const station = stations.find((row) => row.id === ref.id);
+    assert.ok(station, `referent ${ref.n} keeps the canonical ID`);
+    const flown = await runner('fly_to_location', { referent: ref.n });
+    assert.equal(flown.ok, true, `referent ${ref.n} resolves instead of "no longer loaded"`);
+    assert.equal(flown.latitude, station.lat);
+    assert.equal(flown.longitude, station.lon);
+  }
+});

From bbfb23a765e0bc2927993a4884317f38f92fa4bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: BreezeDelegate <271538431+BreezeDelegate@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 26 Sep 2026 00:04:43 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 014/181] fix(ci): run allocation gates on Node 26

---
 changelog.d/766-node26-allocation-gates.md   |  1 +
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                        | 17 +++++++-------
 scripts/qa-l9-matrix.mjs                     | 24 ++++++++++----------
 scripts/run-unit-tests.mjs                   | 22 +++++++++---------
 src/data/focusAllocations.test.mjs           |  2 +-
 src/overlays/worldOverlayAllocation.test.mjs |  2 +-
 src/qaL9MatrixVerdicts.test.mjs              |  3 ++-
 src/unitTestRunner.test.mjs                  | 23 ++++++++-----------
 8 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/766-node26-allocation-gates.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/766-node26-allocation-gates.md b/changelog.d/766-node26-allocation-gates.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a0fcb6a9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/766-node26-allocation-gates.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+- Run the existing GC-bracketed allocation regression gates on Node 26 as well as Node 24. Keep the current byte budgets so CI catches allocation regressions on both supported runtimes (#39).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index d49d92238..a7c2e2f7f 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -3148,9 +3148,9 @@ down | auth-failed` (plus the unchanged `missing-key`/`unsupported`) with
 >   style-switch persistence state. Browser/GPU performance comparison remains
 >   operator-side; the final accounting records only comparable population
 >   reductions and deterministic Node allocation/solve measurements. Those
->   allocation gates are calibrated on Node.js 24.14.x; `package.json` permits
->   supported product runtimes on Node 24 or 26, while the allocation runner
->   separately enforces Node 24 for these two calibrated probes. Each probe
+>   allocation gates are calibrated on both supported Node majors (24 and 26);
+>   `package.json` permits those same product runtimes, and the existing CI matrix
+>   executes the two calibrated probes on both entries. Each probe
 >   compiles synchronously and discards explicit-GC
 >   transition chunks before applying the unchanged byte ceilings. The unit
 >   runner executes ordinary test files with Node's default parallelism, then
@@ -4987,12 +4987,11 @@ and unreachable upstream (502/504) separately from road geometry.
 
 > **Reading `npm test` totals:** the count depends on the Node major. The two
 > GC-bracketed allocation microbenchmarks (`src/data/focusAllocations.test.mjs`
-> = 1 test, `src/overlays/worldOverlayAllocation.test.mjs` = 13) only RUN on the
-> calibrated Node 24 runtime; on any other major the runner skips both files and
-> their 14 tests are absent from the total. A branch total quoted without its
-> Node version is therefore not reproducible. As of the fly_route cinematic
-> branch: **2,281 on Node 25.6.1** (allocation suites skipped) = 2,255 on
-> `main` + 26 route pins; the same tree on Node 24 reports 2,295.
+> = 1 test, `src/overlays/worldOverlayAllocation.test.mjs` = 13) RUN on both
+> supported Node 24 and Node 26. Unsupported majors may still skip those files
+> unless `GEV_REQUIRE_ALLOCATION_GATE=1` is set; every current supported CI
+> matrix entry is calibrated and therefore executes them. Historical totals recorded from unsupported Node 25
+> runs can therefore remain lower because their 14 allocation tests were skipped.
 
 - **Camera verbs** (`src/cameraVerbs.js`) — one motion slot, driven per clock tick. `move_camera` orbits/pans/tilts/rotates; `fly_route` is a cinematic dolly along an existing route annotation. `rotate_globe` rotates the world-space camera rigidly around Earth's center using its screen-up axis, preserving geocentric range and framing. Left/right describe visible globe motion, while `rotate` turns the camera in place. Omitted globe direction/mode default to right/continuous; explicit values prevail. Other camera motions keep their once default. Admission requires 3D, no Cockpit/tracking owner and the whole globe inside the existing keyhole circle, using the shared keyhole/projection geometry and vertical camera FOV with a rotation-local bounding-sphere cone for off-axis containment. Canvas-edge clipping alone does not block a rigid rotation or its unchanged Globe View preset. There is no altitude cutoff. An already smaller, fully framed globe rotates directly; repeated nudges, direction and speed changes recheck current framing without demanding a reset merely because ellipsoid altitude varied. A close-up or overlap refuses without moving the camera. When the unchanged Globe View preset fits, voice says “Globe rotation isn’t available from this view. You can say ‘Reset to Globe View and rotate the globe.’” without asking a permission question or automatically resetting. Explicit Reset/Show Globe View commands remain direct; an explicit reset-and-rotate request waits for reset success before requesting rotation. If OpenAI dispatches both tools together, rotation waits for earlier same-response resets and is skipped if any fails or is cancelled. OpenAI rejects later tool calls in the same response after a globe refusal, including calls arriving while globe admission is pending, and preserves response-scoped `tool_choice: none` for the refusal follow-up; Gemini rejects further tool execution, including queued sibling calls, until fresh typed input or admitted speech. Model interruption, advisory captions and microphone toggles do not release that guard. There is no pending Yes/No offer. Outside the refused response, explicit-command interpretation and avoiding repeated resets remain model-guided; a distinct model-issued reset call is not an app-enforced proof of user intent. A failed standalone reset can still be retried by the model, and a reset result does not guarantee the camera has fully settled. Before suggesting a reset, a cloned camera checks the unchanged Globe View destination against the same keyhole/depth rules without moving the live camera. If that preset cannot fit, `globe-reset-unavailable` asks for further zoom and the refusal instructs further zoom instead of a reset; this also covers ultrawide views. Unsupported view geometry or non-WGS84 projection assumptions fail closed without the closer-zoom instruction. Supported camera inputs/navigation intents cancel rotation before their action. Finite radius greater than the ellipsoid's maximum radius proves whole-arc clearance at constant centre-distance; no low-altitude swept solver is needed. The unchanged Globe View reset preset remains 18,000,000 m. Terrain and buildings remain outside the guarantee.
   - **The route dolly is shaped, not linear** (2026-08-20). A trapezoid speed profile (smoothstep up, cruise, smoothstep down, distance taken as the closed-form integral) eases both ends without changing the pace — duration is still `totalM / ROUTE_M_S[speed]`, with one exception: a 0.5 s minimum keeps a degenerate route from being an instant teleport, so routes under 10 m (slow) / 20 m (normal) / 45 m (fast) fly SLOWER than the speed word, never faster. Turns bank up to **10°** (a 90° street corner settles near 7.5°), measured as a triangular pulse over a 4 s window centred on the camera so the roll leads in and unwinds after. Altitude breathes ±20 m around the 260 m mean and lifts up to 26 m into turns. Pitch is LOCKED at −32°; heading comes from a gaze that leads the path by 6.5 s of travel. `prefers-reduced-motion` zeroes the roll and the altitude shaping and keeps the easing.
diff --git a/scripts/qa-l9-matrix.mjs b/scripts/qa-l9-matrix.mjs
index 8709366de..d36bab9cb 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-l9-matrix.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-l9-matrix.mjs
@@ -239,11 +239,11 @@ function satisfiesEngines(version, range) {
  * re-resolve the interpreter from PATH and hand the gate a different Node than
  * the one the check believes it selected.
  * @param {string} version e.g. "v24.19.0"
- * @returns {boolean} true only for a parseable Node 24.
+ * @returns {boolean} true for a parseable supported Node 24 or 26.
  */
 function isCalibratedAllocationRuntime(version) {
   const [maj] = String(version || '').trim().replace(/^v/, '').split('.').map((n) => Number.parseInt(n, 10));
-  return maj === 24;
+  return maj === 24 || maj === 26;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ const check = (spec) => { CHECKS.push(spec); };
 
 // ─── A · REPO GATES ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 check({
-  id: 'A1', group: 'A', desc: 'Node runtime satisfies package.json engines (allocation budgets are pinned to Node 24)',
+  id: 'A1', group: 'A', desc: 'Node runtime satisfies package.json engines (allocation budgets cover supported Node majors)',
   run: async () => {
     const pkg = JSON.parse(readFileSync(resolve(REPO_ROOT, 'package.json'), 'utf8'));
     const range = pkg.engines?.node || '(unset)';
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ check({
     if (satisfied) return pass(`node ${process.versions.node} satisfies "${range}"`);
     // An off-range runtime is an environment problem, not a product defect —
     // but it silently disables the allocation gate, so say so loudly. A3 then
-    // runs that gate under a discovered Node 24.
+    // runs that gate under a discovered calibrated Node 24 fallback.
     return env.node24
       ? skip(`node ${process.versions.node} is OUTSIDE "${range}"; A3 runs the allocation gate under ${env.node24.label}, but prefer running the whole L9 pass on Node 24`, 'ENV')
       : fail(`node ${process.versions.node} is OUTSIDE "${range}" and no Node 24 runtime was found — the allocation gate cannot run at all`);
@@ -579,13 +579,13 @@ check({
 });
 
 check({
-  id: 'A3', group: 'A', desc: 'Allocation microbenchmarks actually EXECUTE (they silently skip off Node 24)',
+  id: 'A3', group: 'A', desc: 'Allocation microbenchmarks actually EXECUTE on supported Node majors',
   run: async () => {
     // npm test prints "[unit] SKIPPED n allocation microbenchmarks" and still
-    // exits 0 when the runtime is not Node 24. A green suite is therefore NOT
-    // proof the gate ran. Force it, under Node 24 when one is discoverable.
+    // exits 0 when the runtime is outside the calibrated supported majors. A green
+    // suite is therefore NOT proof the gate ran. Force it under a calibrated runtime.
     //
-    // ALWAYS invoke the Node 24 BINARY directly — never `npm test`. npm
+    // ALWAYS invoke the calibrated Node binary directly — never `npm test`. npm
     // re-resolves the interpreter from PATH and can land back on the system
     // Node even when THIS process is already 24: running the whole matrix under
     // `mise exec node@24.19.0 --`, the npm shell-out still re-execed system
@@ -597,10 +597,10 @@ check({
       const v = await sh(bin, ['--version'], { timeoutMs: 60000 });
       const version = (v.out || '').trim();
       if (!isCalibratedAllocationRuntime(version)) {
-        // run-unit-tests.mjs refuses to measure calibrated budgets off Node 24,
+        // run-unit-tests.mjs refuses to measure calibrated budgets off supported Node majors,
         // so a wrong binary means the gate never ran. That is this check failing
         // to establish its own claim — not evidence about the product.
-        return crash(`the runtime selected for the allocation gate (${label}) reports ${version || 'no parseable version'}, not Node 24 — the gate would refuse or silently skip, so this check verified nothing`);
+        return crash(`the runtime selected for the allocation gate (${label}) reports ${version || 'no parseable version'}, not Node 24 or 26 — the gate would refuse or silently skip, so this check verified nothing`);
       }
       const r = await sh(bin, [resolve(REPO_ROOT, 'scripts/run-unit-tests.mjs')], {
         timeoutMs: 600000, env: { GEV_REQUIRE_ALLOCATION_GATE: '1' },
@@ -611,9 +611,9 @@ check({
     };
 
     const [maj] = process.versions.node.split('.').map(Number);
-    if (maj === 24) return runGate(process.execPath, 'this runtime');
+    if (maj === 24 || maj === 26) return runGate(process.execPath, 'this runtime');
     if (env.node24) return runGate(env.node24.bin, env.node24.label);
-    return skip(`no Node 24 runtime found (running ${process.versions.node}); the gate SKIPS silently — install Node 24 and re-run`, 'OWNER-RUN');
+    return skip(`no calibrated Node 24/26 runtime found (running ${process.versions.node}); the gate SKIPS silently — install a supported Node runtime and re-run`, 'OWNER-RUN');
   },
 });
 
diff --git a/scripts/run-unit-tests.mjs b/scripts/run-unit-tests.mjs
index 3712df28e..29c3e2b00 100644
--- a/scripts/run-unit-tests.mjs
+++ b/scripts/run-unit-tests.mjs
@@ -8,15 +8,16 @@ export const ALLOCATION_TEST_FILES = Object.freeze([
   'src/overlays/worldOverlayAllocation.test.mjs',
 ]);
 
-/** Whether this runtime matches the one the allocation budgets were calibrated on. */
+/** Whether this runtime matches a supported major the allocation budgets are calibrated on. */
 export function isCalibratedAllocationRuntime(version = process.versions.node) {
-  return Number.parseInt(String(version).split('.')[0], 10) === 24;
+  const major = Number.parseInt(String(version).split('.')[0], 10);
+  return major === 24 || major === 26;
 }
 
-/** Require the runtime on which allocation budgets were calibrated. */
-export function assertNode24AllocationRuntime(version = process.versions.node) {
+/** Require a runtime on which allocation budgets are calibrated. */
+export function assertCalibratedAllocationRuntime(version = process.versions.node) {
   if (!isCalibratedAllocationRuntime(version)) {
-    throw new Error(`Allocation budgets require the calibrated Node 24 runtime; received ${version}`);
+    throw new Error(`Allocation budgets require calibrated Node 24 or 26; received ${version}`);
   }
   return version;
 }
@@ -86,19 +87,18 @@ export function runUnitTests() {
   const parallelStatus = runTests(['--test', ...plan.parallel]);
   if (parallelStatus !== 0) return parallelStatus;
 
-  // The GC-bracketed budgets are calibrated on Node 24 and are meaningless on
-  // other allocators. A contributor's suite must stay green on any supported
-  // engine (package.json permits >=24), so uncalibrated runtimes skip the
+  // The GC-bracketed budgets are calibrated on every supported Node major.
+  // Unsupported runtimes may still run ordinary tests, so uncalibrated runtimes skip the
   // probes with a warning. Set GEV_REQUIRE_ALLOCATION_GATE=1 (pinned CI /
   // release batteries) to make an uncalibrated runtime a hard failure.
   if (!isCalibratedAllocationRuntime()) {
     if (process.env.GEV_REQUIRE_ALLOCATION_GATE === '1') {
-      assertNode24AllocationRuntime();
+      assertCalibratedAllocationRuntime();
     }
     console.warn(
       `[unit] SKIPPED ${ALLOCATION_TEST_FILES.length} allocation microbenchmarks: `
-      + `budgets are calibrated for Node 24, running ${process.versions.node}. `
-      + 'Run under Node 24 (or set GEV_REQUIRE_ALLOCATION_GATE=1 to fail instead).',
+      + `budgets are calibrated for Node 24 and 26, running ${process.versions.node}. `
+      + 'Run under Node 24 or 26 (or set GEV_REQUIRE_ALLOCATION_GATE=1 to fail instead).',
     );
     return 0;
   }
diff --git a/src/data/focusAllocations.test.mjs b/src/data/focusAllocations.test.mjs
index 86f28db18..f58e5f121 100644
--- a/src/data/focusAllocations.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/focusAllocations.test.mjs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import { isCalibratedAllocationRuntime } from '../../scripts/run-unit-tests.mjs'
  */
 test('converged focus treatment stays within the GC-bracketed allocation budget', (t) => {
   if (!isCalibratedAllocationRuntime()) {
-    return t.skip(`allocation budgets are calibrated for Node 24; running ${process.versions.node}`);
+    return t.skip(`allocation budgets are calibrated for Node 24 or 26; running ${process.versions.node}`);
   }
   const result = spawnSync(
     process.execPath,
diff --git a/src/overlays/worldOverlayAllocation.test.mjs b/src/overlays/worldOverlayAllocation.test.mjs
index e29785d48..70197097a 100644
--- a/src/overlays/worldOverlayAllocation.test.mjs
+++ b/src/overlays/worldOverlayAllocation.test.mjs
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ function runAllocationProbe(entryCount, profile = 'generic') {
 for (const workload of WORKLOADS) {
   test(`steady moving-source frames stay in budget ${workload.name}`, (t) => {
     if (!CALIBRATED_ALLOCATION_RUNTIME) {
-      return t.skip(`allocation budgets are calibrated for Node 24; running ${process.versions.node}`);
+      return t.skip(`allocation budgets are calibrated for Node 24 or 26; running ${process.versions.node}`);
     }
     const payload = runAllocationProbe(workload.entries, workload.profile);
 
diff --git a/src/qaL9MatrixVerdicts.test.mjs b/src/qaL9MatrixVerdicts.test.mjs
index 867e34410..2ec826e8d 100644
--- a/src/qaL9MatrixVerdicts.test.mjs
+++ b/src/qaL9MatrixVerdicts.test.mjs
@@ -127,9 +127,10 @@ test('an unevaluable engines range reports unknown rather than guessing', () =>
 // A full pass run under `mise exec node@24 --` still re-execed system Node 25
 // through npm; the forced gate refused ("received 25.6.1") and A3 reported it
 // as a product failure. A3 now invokes the binary directly and checks it.
-test('only a parseable Node 24 counts as the calibrated allocation runtime', () => {
+test('every supported Node major counts as a calibrated allocation runtime', () => {
   assert.equal(isCalibratedAllocationRuntime('v24.19.0'), true);
   assert.equal(isCalibratedAllocationRuntime('24.19.0'), true, 'the v prefix is optional');
+  assert.equal(isCalibratedAllocationRuntime('v26.3.0'), true);
   assert.equal(isCalibratedAllocationRuntime('v25.6.1'), false, 'the npm re-resolution case');
   assert.equal(isCalibratedAllocationRuntime('v22.21.1'), false);
   for (const junk of ['', '   ', 'node', undefined, null]) {
diff --git a/src/unitTestRunner.test.mjs b/src/unitTestRunner.test.mjs
index 80d9091e0..e206726e8 100644
--- a/src/unitTestRunner.test.mjs
+++ b/src/unitTestRunner.test.mjs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import {
   ALLOCATION_TEST_FILES,
   UNIT_TEST_ROOTS,
   allocationTestArgs,
-  assertNode24AllocationRuntime,
+  assertCalibratedAllocationRuntime,
   buildUnitTestPlan,
   discoverUnitTestFiles,
   isCalibratedAllocationRuntime,
@@ -87,30 +87,27 @@ test('the runner discovers every test file in the repository', () => {
   }
 });
 
-test('allocation runtime calibration is explicit and pinned to Node 24', () => {
-  assert.equal(assertNode24AllocationRuntime('24.19.0'), '24.19.0');
+test('allocation runtime calibration covers both supported Node majors', () => {
+  assert.equal(assertCalibratedAllocationRuntime('24.19.0'), '24.19.0');
   assert.throws(
-    () => assertNode24AllocationRuntime('22.23.1'),
-    /calibrated Node 24 runtime/,
-  );
-  assert.throws(
-    () => assertNode24AllocationRuntime('26.0.0'),
-    /calibrated Node 24 runtime/,
+    () => assertCalibratedAllocationRuntime('22.23.1'),
+    /calibrated Node 24 or 26/,
   );
+  assert.equal(assertCalibratedAllocationRuntime('26.0.0'), '26.0.0');
   assert.equal(isCalibratedAllocationRuntime('24.19.0'), true);
   assert.equal(isCalibratedAllocationRuntime('22.23.1'), false);
-  assert.equal(isCalibratedAllocationRuntime('26.3.0'), false);
+  assert.equal(isCalibratedAllocationRuntime('26.3.0'), true);
 });
 
-test('npm test stays green on every supported engine, not only the calibrated one', () => {
+test('npm test calibrates both supported engines while retaining off-range warnings', () => {
   // package.json wiring: `npm test` must invoke this runner, and the engines
   // range it advertises must not be narrower than what the runner tolerates.
   const pkg = JSON.parse(readFileSync(new URL('../package.json', import.meta.url), 'utf8'));
   assert.equal(pkg.scripts.test, 'node scripts/run-unit-tests.mjs');
   const enginesNode = String(pkg.engines?.node || '');
   assert.ok(enginesNode, 'engines.node must be declared');
-  // The runner throws for uncalibrated runtimes ONLY behind the explicit
-  // opt-in env; by default it skips, so a supported non-24 engine cannot fail.
+  // Unsupported runtimes only skip probes without the explicit opt-in hard gate.
+  // Node 26 is calibrated and runs those probes with the same budgets.
   const runner = readFileSync(new URL('../scripts/run-unit-tests.mjs', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
   assert.match(runner, /GEV_REQUIRE_ALLOCATION_GATE/);
   assert.match(runner, /SKIPPED .*allocation microbenchmarks/);

From 98de41c94a5b36b1a8c01565c94f3c58f109d56f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said Turksever <asturksever@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Oct 2026 18:27:43 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 015/181] feat(street-level): "show me X on Street View"
 action, street_level view field and sl= links

show_street_level (voice and typed) flies to a place and opens its nearest
street-level photo from Google Street View, Mapillary, KartaView or
Panoramax; Street View switches to Google 3D first. The view model gains a
street_level field, share links carry sl=<source>,<lat>,<lon>, and
show_in_gods_eye_view can open a photo. A plain sl=google link only arms the
point and waits for OPEN, so it never bills a key without a click.

Embed pages show an open photo in an overlay that Esc closes. On-screen
strings are translated into es, ru, zh-CN and zh-Hant. Covered by unit tests
and three new steps in the Street Level browser suite.
---
 README.md                                     |   2 +-
 SECURITY.md                                   |   1 +
 changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md         |  14 +
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                         |  51 +-
 docs/TOOLS.md                                 |  25 +-
 scripts/qa-street-level.mjs                   | 244 +++++++
 scripts/qa-voice-routing.mjs                  |   1 +
 scripts/voice-bench/phrases.mjs               |   8 +
 server/providers/openai/instructions.js       |   3 +-
 server/providers/openai/toolDescriptions.js   |  22 +
 src/app/embed.js                              |  95 ++-
 src/app/embed.test.mjs                        | 474 ++++++++++++-
 src/firstRunExperience.test.mjs               |   3 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json                      |  10 +-
 src/i18n/locales/de.json                      |  10 +-
 src/i18n/locales/es.json                      |   8 +
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json                      |  10 +-
 src/i18n/locales/it.json                      |  10 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json                      |  10 +-
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json                      |  10 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json                      |   8 +
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json                      |  10 +-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json                   |   8 +
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json                 |  10 +-
 src/layers/streetLevel/index.js               | 132 +++-
 src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs         | 671 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.js        |  20 +
 src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.test.mjs  |  64 ++
 src/layers/streetLevel/policy.js              |   8 +
 .../streetLevel/providers/google/index.js     |  10 +-
 .../streetLevel/providers/google/policy.js    |   2 +-
 .../providers/google/provider.test.mjs        |  10 +
 .../streetLevel/providers/kartaview/index.js  |   1 +
 .../streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js  |   1 +
 .../streetLevel/providers/panoramax/index.js  |   3 +
 .../providers/panoramax/provider.test.mjs     |   6 +
 src/layers/streetLevel/registry.js            |   4 +-
 src/layers/streetLevel/state.js               |   2 +
 src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.js          |  18 +-
 src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.test.mjs    |  45 ++
 src/locations.js                              |   6 +
 src/locations.test.mjs                        |  32 +
 src/radioMarkup.test.mjs                      |   9 +-
 src/streetLevelMarkup.test.mjs                |  14 +
 src/tools/queries/share.js                    |  21 +-
 src/tools/queries/share.test.mjs              | 101 +++
 src/ui/applicationShell.js                    |   5 +-
 src/ui/setMapStackReason.test.mjs             |  33 +
 src/ui/streetLevelControls.js                 |  44 ++
 src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs           | 100 +++
 src/ui/styles/embed.css                       |  16 +
 src/view/index.js                             | 171 ++++-
 src/view/index.test.mjs                       | 373 ++++++++++
 src/voice/actionSchemas.js                    |  30 +
 src/voice/actionSchemas.test.mjs              |  40 +-
 src/voice/deixis.js                           |   1 +
 src/voice/deixis.test.mjs                     |   7 +
 src/voice/gevActions.js                       | 364 ++++++++++
 src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs                 | 533 ++++++++++++++
 src/voice/layerManifest.js                    |   7 +-
 src/voice/layerManifest.test.mjs              |   1 +
 src/voice/pointerReticle.js                   |   1 +
 src/voice/speech.js                           | 112 +++
 src/voice/speech.test.mjs                     | 148 ++++
 64 files changed, 4147 insertions(+), 66 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
 create mode 100644 src/ui/setMapStackReason.test.mjs

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 47cdf9535..cbc136b83 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ Click **GEV MIC**, grant the microphone, and just talk. This is more than a voic
 - **🎬 Cinematic framing.** _"Show me the planes overhead"_ pulls the camera back, angles it, and frames the live traffic like a director.
 - **🔒 Honest and secure.** The agent only confirms actions that succeeded. Your `OPENAI_API_KEY` never touches the browser; the client only gets a short-lived session token. If you choose **USE CHATGPT OAUTH** in Provider Settings, the local server uses that sign-in only to mint the same kind of short-lived Realtime credential, and refuses the OAuth path for non-loopback clients.
 
-Thirty tools, four jobs — the commands below come straight from the product's voice test suite and tool playbook:
+Thirty-two tools, four jobs — the commands below come straight from the product's voice test suite and tool playbook:
 
 **🎥 Direct it** — drone-operator camera verbs:
 
diff --git a/SECURITY.md b/SECURITY.md
index 4423eead3..8c43bcee5 100644
--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ God's Eye View's tools are also served to MCP clients: over stdio (`npm run mcp`
 - **What the panel's requests can reach.** In clients that display MCP Apps, the panel loads the app through the `panel_request` tool, which requests paths on the app's server. It is marked for the panel only and requires a key that each MCP server puts in its panel page, which keeps it from clients that list tools to the model without loading the panel. That key is not access control: any MCP client can read the panel page, key included, and then reach the app's files and data routes through `panel_request`, much as its other tools reach the data. Provider Settings, credential and model endpoints, `/mcp` and the development server's internal routes are refused to every caller.
 - **The panel carries the two browser keys.** The panel build (`npm run build:panel`) includes the same Google Maps key and Cesium ion token as the app, and they run inside the client's panel page, on the client's site. A key restricted by HTTP referrer must also allow that page, or the panel cannot load tiles. To keep the app's own keys narrower, build the panel with separately restricted keys in the environment of `npm run build:panel`.
 - **Embed mode is not framable by default.** `?embed=1` documents keep `X-Frame-Options: DENY` and `frame-ancestors 'none'` unless `GEV_EMBED_FRAME_ANCESTORS` names the pages that may frame them; a framing page can change what the app shows. Other documents can never be framed.
+- **A plain link never loads a billed Street View panorama without a click.** A share link with `sl=google,<lat>,<lon>` flies there, switches to Google 3D and lights Street View, then stops: the panel is armed and the photo loads only when the visitor presses OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW (one lookup and one panorama load on the browser Maps key, no retries, no geocoding or server call). A view posted into the embedded app (the God's Eye View panel, or a page `GEV_EMBED_FRAME_ANCESTORS` allows), and the panel page's own opening link, are that client's own request and open the photo; adding `?embed=1` to a published link does not lift the gate (in a frame the link only arms; the panel that holds OPEN is hidden there, so a posted view is the way to open a photo). The armed lookup dies when its source is switched off, when its map leaves, or when any other photo opens or closes. A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`. Mapillary, KartaView and Panoramax links open their photo at once; none of them bills per image.
 
 ## Scope & expectations
 
diff --git a/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md b/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36cf415df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+- "Show me X on Street View" (or on Mapillary, KartaView or Panoramax): a
+  `show_street_level` voice and typed action flies to the place, switches to
+  Google 3D when the source needs it, lights that source in Street Level,
+  turns the layer on and opens the nearest photo, reporting which step failed.
+  Views and share links carry the same request (`street_level`, `sl=`), so
+  `show_in_gods_eye_view` and a link can open a panorama at a place. Street
+  View lookups from a geocoded place search up to 250 m; clicks keep 50 m. A
+  plain link with `sl=google` arms Street View and leaves the billed load to a
+  press of OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW; embedded views open it. The source the
+  action lights stays lit like a chip click. An unavailable map stack now
+  reports the controller's own reason instead of always asking for a Cesium
+  ion token. When nothing is found and a 360°, flat or SINCE filter the source
+  honours is on, the answer names the filter (Said Turksever, @asturksever,
+  #1113).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 35d81dd05..fe1083dd3 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ Voice controls bind to a protocol-independent session factory. The default WebRT
 
 The standalone app offers OpenAI and Gemini Live through an explicit provider chooser. Gemini keeps its permanent API key on the local server and mints a short-lived, single-use credential with server-owned instructions and the standalone action catalog. Its native WebSocket adapter supports open microphone and push-to-talk input, streaming audio, captions and the existing action runner. In push-to-talk, a tool call that arrives with no input, reply or tool result outstanding is answered with a failure and never runs, and neither does any other call in the reply it starts; open-microphone turns start on Gemini's server-side activity detection, which reports no boundary to check. Switching providers ends the old conversation and releases its microphone and connection; only the input mode carries over. Gemini uses bounded shutdown draining and explicit manual restart, without automatic reconnection or a promise of uninterrupted session duration. Hosts that do not opt into the provider facade retain their existing default or custom adapter.
 
-Voice action argument schemas have one portable owner under `src/voice/actionSchemas.js`. The Realtime provider builds 30 tools using separate description-only metadata. Description customization cannot replace argument types, enum values or required fields.
+Voice action argument schemas have one portable owner under `src/voice/actionSchemas.js`. The Realtime provider builds 32 tools using separate description-only metadata. Description customization cannot replace argument types, enum values or required fields.
 
 `createGevActionRunner` routes `control_cctv` enable/disable through the shared
 layer visibility lifecycle. Results distinguish successful changes from
@@ -4328,6 +4328,53 @@ core's lookups alone. The MCP globe panel allows the meta-catalogue and the
 three biggest instances; a picture on another instance shows only in the
 app.
 
+**"Show me X on Street View."** The `show_street_level` assistant action
+(voice and typed; `src/voice/gevActions.js`) is one call: it checks the
+source has its key (a keyless source explains itself and changes nothing, as
+a chip does), flies to the place at street framing and waits for arrival (a
+name, coordinates, a pointed spot, a numbered item, or nothing for the view
+centre), switches to the map the source needs (Google Street View: Google 3D),
+lights that source through `setLayerParams` with origin `voice` (one source at
+a time, kept in the share link like a chip click), turns the layer on and
+calls `openNearest`. `provider` is `google` for "Street View", `mapillary`,
+`kartaview` or `panoramax` by name, else the lit source. Stages fail separately (`location`, `map`,
+`provider`, `layer`, `key`, `imagery`; an empty `imagery` result names a
+narrowing 360°/flat or SINCE filter the source honours, as `filter`) and a
+newer turn retires the lookup
+(`openNearest`'s `signal` option), so nothing opens after the user moved on.
+For a source without a coverage layer the lookup widens to 250 m
+(`NEAREST_RADIUS_MAX_M`; Google honours it, Mapillary's API caps at 50 m);
+clicks keep 50 m. The layer exposes `requiredMapStack(id)` and
+`providerStatus(id)` for callers that must decide before the panel lists a
+source, and `coverageLines(id)` (the lines a provider draws now, current and
+stale tiles, as `[lon, lat]` parts) for diagnostics and the browser gate,
+which aims its line clicks at that geometry, waits for the asynchronous
+ground primitives to be ready, and clicks in the same JavaScript turn as the
+pick so a rebuilt frame cannot come between them. Views carry the same request as `street_level` (`src/view/index.js`:
+source and point, defaulting to where the camera looks; a `google` source
+brings `map: photoreal` and refuses another map; not with `follow`), links as
+`sl=<source>,<lat>,<lon>`; `show_in_gods_eye_view` accepts it, the globe panel
+applies it through the action, and a plain link runs the action once restored
+(one shot: the rewritten hash drops `sl`). In embed mode the rail holding the
+panel is hidden, so an open photo moves to an overlay on the globe
+(`sl-viewer-wrap-embed`) and back when it closes; Esc closes it (in full
+screen, Esc leaves full screen first). A caller's abort is
+honoured through the viewer's mount and load, not just the lookup, and only
+the lookup that still owns the panel may change its spinner or error. A
+passive link's photos stand down if anyone navigated (a gesture, a search,
+the assistant) while the link waited behind its own marks. A plain
+link never loads a photo from a source that bills every load
+(`billedPerImage` on the provider; Google): the action runs with
+`autoOpen: false`, arms the lookup on the layer (`armNearest`: the link's
+point and radius, consumed only by the next OPEN press (`aim:
+'screen-centre'`); any other lookup, open, close, disable, its source
+switched off or its map leaving drops it), opens the panel and a toast
+points at OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW. Only the panel page's own link (inline
+embed) and posted views open the photo; `?embed=1` on a published link only
+arms, without the panel nudge or toast (the rail is hidden in a frame). A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`.
+The look-at default applies below 20 km, at a pitch steeper than -5° and
+within 10 km ahead; otherwise the camera's own point is used.
+
 Street Level has two browser gates. `npm run qa:street-level -- --url <server>`
 runs against real Mapillary and needs `MAPILLARY_CLIENT_TOKEN`. `npm run
 qa:street-level:fixtures -- --url <server>` answers every Mapillary request
@@ -5361,7 +5408,7 @@ and unreachable upstream (502/504) separately from road geometry.
 
 - **Token flow**: browser fetches a short-lived client secret from `/api/realtime/token`; the Vite middleware uses `OPENAI_API_KEY` by default, or the signed-in local ChatGPT/Codex OAuth access token when OAuth was explicitly selected in Provider Settings, and posts the full session config (instructions, tool schemas, VAD, truncation) to `api.openai.com/v1/realtime/client_secrets`. Both long-lived credentials stay server-side; OAuth minting is loopback-only. SDP exchange goes directly to `api.openai.com/v1/realtime/calls` with the ephemeral token.
 - **Session defaults** (env-tunable): model `gpt-realtime-2` (or `gpt-realtime-2.1-mini` when the MINI tier is selected — see the model-tier entry below), voice `marin`, reasoning effort `low`, semantic VAD with low eagerness, no response interruption, context window truncated to ~3,000 post-instruction tokens with 0.5 retention ratio — the conversational window stays short because map state is fetched live per turn.
-- **Thirty tools** (argument schemas in `src/voice/actionSchemas.js`, served with their descriptions by `server/providers/openai/tools.js`, executed client-side in `src/voice/gevActions.js`): `fly_to_location`, `select_nearest_aircraft`, `adjust_camera_zoom`, `zoom_to_globe`, `set_layer_visibility`, `show_data_layers_menu`, `set_panel_open`, `set_visual_style`, `get_entity_context`, `get_current_view_state`, `set_hud`, `set_cyber_sonar`, `set_detection`, `set_map_stack`, `set_post_processing`, `control_scene`, `control_cctv`, `set_context_mode`, `control_cockpit`, `control_radio`, `track_entity`, `stop_tracking`, `frame_overhead`, `annotate_map`, `clear_annotations`, `move_camera`, `fly_route`, `analyst_query`, `next_iss_pass`, and `next_satellite_pass`.
+- **Thirty-two tools** (argument schemas in `src/voice/actionSchemas.js`, served with their descriptions by `server/providers/openai/tools.js`, executed client-side in `src/voice/gevActions.js`): `fly_to_location`, `select_nearest_aircraft`, `show_street_level`, `adjust_camera_zoom`, `zoom_to_globe`, `set_layer_visibility`, `show_data_layers_menu`, `set_panel_open`, `set_voice_inactivity_timeout`, `set_visual_style`, `get_entity_context`, `get_current_view_state`, `set_hud`, `set_cyber_sonar`, `set_detection`, `set_map_stack`, `set_post_processing`, `control_scene`, `control_cctv`, `set_context_mode`, `control_cockpit`, `control_radio`, `track_entity`, `stop_tracking`, `frame_overhead`, `annotate_map`, `clear_annotations`, `move_camera`, `fly_route`, `analyst_query`, `next_iss_pass`, and `next_satellite_pass`.
 
 > **Reading `npm test` totals:** the count depends on the Node major. The two
 > GC-bracketed allocation microbenchmarks (`src/data/focusAllocations.test.mjs`
diff --git a/docs/TOOLS.md b/docs/TOOLS.md
index 80fd80b13..2effba947 100644
--- a/docs/TOOLS.md
+++ b/docs/TOOLS.md
@@ -102,11 +102,26 @@ action draws (pins, highlights, areas, arrows, routes and labels at a place
 name or coordinates). Links carry them in the `an` parameter, and the app
 draws them once the link has been restored.
 
+A view can open street-level photos too: `street_level` names a source
+(`google` for Street View, `mapillary`, `kartaview`, `panoramax`, or none for
+whichever the panel has lit) and a point, which defaults to the spot the camera looks at. Street View
+shows only on the Google 3D map, so a `google` source sets `map` to
+`photoreal` and any other map is refused; a view cannot both follow an entity
+and open photos. The `street-level` layer is turned on. Links carry it as
+`sl=<source>,<lat>,<lon>`; once the link has restored, the app runs its
+`show_street_level` action, which flies to the point at street framing and
+opens the nearest photo. A plain link with a `google` source stops before the
+billed load: the panel is armed and OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW is one click away.
+A view posted into the embedded app, or the panel page's own opening link,
+opens the photo, since it is the client's own request; `?embed=1` on a
+published link does not. Mapillary, KartaView and Panoramax links open the
+photo at once; none of them bills per image. A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`.
+
 Tools take a view as `VIEW_ARGUMENTS`: an `area` to frame from above, or a
-`camera`, plus `layers`, `style`, `map`, `follow` and `annotations`. A
-tilted camera over an area looks at its center from behind; camera fields
-given with an area override its framing. `resolveViewArguments` turns them
-into a view.
+`camera`, plus `layers`, `style`, `map`, `follow`, `annotations` and
+`street_level`. A tilted camera over an area looks at its center from behind;
+camera fields given with an area override its framing. `resolveViewArguments`
+turns them into a view.
 
 ### The God's Eye View panel
 
@@ -299,5 +314,5 @@ and the development server's internal routes. See SECURITY.md.
 | `situation_brief` | `weather` | Weather, earthquakes, fires, aircraft, ships and cyclones for an area, by section |
 | `military_awareness` | `military` | Military and other aircraft, ships and military installations within 250 km of a point, by section |
 | `get_hud_caption` | `weather`, `summary` | The app's heads-up display caption for an area |
-| `show_in_gods_eye_view` | `app` | A view in God's Eye View: the live panel in clients with MCP Apps, and a link everywhere; takes another answer's view or an area or camera, layers, style, map, marks and something to follow |
+| `show_in_gods_eye_view` | `app` | A view in God's Eye View: the live panel in clients with MCP Apps, and a link everywhere; takes another answer's view or an area or camera, layers, style, map, marks, something to follow, or street-level photos (Street View or Mapillary) at a place |
 | `panel_request` | `app` | Panel only: loads a path from the app's server for the God's Eye View panel |
diff --git a/scripts/qa-street-level.mjs b/scripts/qa-street-level.mjs
index 0dd841acf..12e350212 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-street-level.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-street-level.mjs
@@ -46,6 +46,15 @@ const VIEWPORT = { width: 1440, height: 900 };
 /** Over downtown Sacramento, above the fixture photo line, looking down. */
 const PARK = { lon: PHOTO_LINE.lon, lat: 38.5816, height: 900, pitch: -1.3 };
 const DAY_MS = 86_400_000;
+/** A Sacramento street with Street View, for the sl=google link step. */
+const STREET_VIEW_STREET = Object.freeze({ lon: -121.49372, lat: 38.57986 });
+/**
+ * What a Street View lookup and load cost: the Maps JS API's
+ * SingleImageSearch (the nearest lookup), GetMetadata and the panorama tiles.
+ * Script loads are not counted.
+ */
+const STREET_VIEW_REQUEST =
+  /MapsJsInternalService\/(SingleImageSearch|GetMetadata)|GeoPhotoService|streetviewpixels-pa\.googleapis\.com/;
 
 /**
  * Coverage for any street-zoom tile: a grid of 360°/flat, recent/old
@@ -234,6 +243,28 @@ async function boot(page, url) {
   });
 }
 
+/**
+ * Open a share link as a fresh document. Changing only the hash of a live
+ * page and reloading races the app's share-link writer, which can put its own
+ * state back in the hash before the reload reads it. The page's fixtures (a
+ * CDP session on the page) carry over.
+ */
+async function bootLink(page, link) {
+  await page.goto('about:blank');
+  await boot(page, link);
+}
+
+/** The camera's position in degrees and metres. */
+const cameraAt = (page) =>
+  page.evaluate(() => {
+    const c = window.__godsEyeView.viewer.camera.positionCartographic;
+    return {
+      lon: (c.longitude * 180) / Math.PI,
+      lat: (c.latitude * 180) / Math.PI,
+      height: c.height,
+    };
+  });
+
 /** Run `test(uiState, arg)` in the page until it is true. */
 const uiUntil = (page, test, arg = null, timeout = 30_000) =>
   page.waitForFunction(
@@ -750,6 +781,219 @@ async function main() {
       await uiUntil(page, litAlone, 'mapillary');
       await park(page);
 
+      const base = url.split('#')[0];
+      await fixtureStep(
+        'a link to street-level photos (sl=) opens the photo at its point once the link restores',
+        async () => {
+          const photo = fixture.images[0];
+          // The camera sits ~330 m north of the photo: the lookup must use
+          // the link's point, not the view centre.
+          const cameraLat = Number((photo.lat + 0.003).toFixed(6));
+          await bootLink(
+            page,
+            `${base}#v=2&lat=${cameraLat}&lon=${photo.lon}&alt=600&heading=0&pitch=-60&roll=0&sl=mapillary,${photo.lat},${photo.lon}`,
+          );
+          await uiUntil(
+            page,
+            (u) => (u.street.imageId && !u.street.loading) || u.street.error,
+            null,
+            90_000,
+          );
+          const { street } = await getUI(page);
+          assert.equal(street.error, null, `viewer error: ${street.error}`);
+          assert.equal(street.providerId, 'mapillary');
+          assert.equal(
+            street.imageId,
+            photo.id,
+            `the photo at the link's point, not the one nearest the camera: ${street.imageId}`,
+          );
+          assert.equal(
+            await page.evaluate(() => location.hash.includes('sl=')),
+            false,
+            'the rewritten link no longer carries the one-shot request',
+          );
+        },
+      );
+
+      await fixtureStep(
+        'the show_street_level action opens the nearest photo at a point without a pointer',
+        async () => {
+          await page.evaluate(() =>
+            window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers
+              .get('street-level')
+              .module.closeViewer(),
+          );
+          const photo = fixture.images[0];
+          const result = await page.evaluate(
+            (at) =>
+              window.__godsEyeView.voiceCommands.runner('show_street_level', {
+                latitude: at.lat,
+                longitude: at.lon,
+                provider: 'mapillary',
+                fly: false,
+              }),
+            { lat: photo.lat, lon: photo.lon },
+          );
+          assert.equal(
+            result.ok,
+            true,
+            `action failed: ${result.stage} ${result.error}`,
+          );
+          assert.equal(result.provider, 'mapillary');
+          assert.ok(
+            fixture.images.some((image) => image.id === result.imageId),
+            `a fixture photo opened: ${result.imageId}`,
+          );
+          assert.match(result.say || '', /^Mapillary at /);
+        },
+      );
+
+      await step(
+        'an sl=google link never loads a photo by itself: keyless it stops at the key, keyed it arms and waits for OPEN',
+        async ({ skipped }) => {
+          const point = STREET_VIEW_STREET;
+          // ~330 m north of the street: a flight would move the camera, and a
+          // press that ignored the armed point would open something else.
+          const cameraLat = Number((point.lat + 0.003).toFixed(6));
+          const googleRequests = [];
+          const onRequest = (request) => {
+            if (STREET_VIEW_REQUEST.test(request.url()))
+              googleRequests.push(request.url());
+          };
+          page.on('request', onRequest);
+          try {
+            await bootLink(
+              page,
+              `${base}#v=2&lat=${cameraLat}&lon=${point.lon}&alt=600&heading=0&pitch=-60&roll=0&map=osm&sl=google,${point.lat},${point.lon}`,
+            );
+            await page.waitForFunction(
+              (want) => {
+                const c =
+                  window.__godsEyeView.viewer.camera.positionCartographic;
+                return Math.abs((c.latitude * 180) / Math.PI - want) < 0.0005;
+              },
+              { timeout: 60_000 },
+              cameraLat,
+            );
+            const googleKey = await page.evaluate(() =>
+              Boolean(window.__GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY__),
+            );
+            if (!googleKey) {
+              // Without a key the action stops at the key, before any flight,
+              // map switch or source change, and the direct call says why.
+              const direct = await page.evaluate(
+                (at) =>
+                  window.__godsEyeView.voiceCommands.runner(
+                    'show_street_level',
+                    {
+                      latitude: at.lat,
+                      longitude: at.lon,
+                      provider: 'google',
+                      fly: false,
+                      autoOpen: false,
+                    },
+                  ),
+                point,
+              );
+              assert.equal(direct.ok, false);
+              assert.equal(
+                direct.stage,
+                'key',
+                `${direct.stage} ${direct.error}`,
+              );
+              const after = await page.evaluate(() => {
+                const m =
+                  window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get(
+                    'street-level',
+                  ).module;
+                const u = m.getUIState();
+                return {
+                  stack: window.__godsEyeView.mapStackController.getActiveId(),
+                  google: m.getParams().google === true,
+                  armed: u.street.armed,
+                  open: u.street.open,
+                };
+              });
+              assert.deepEqual(
+                after,
+                { stack: 'osm', google: false, armed: null, open: false },
+                'a keyless Street View link changes nothing',
+              );
+              const still = await cameraAt(page);
+              assert.ok(
+                Math.abs(still.lat - cameraLat) < 0.0005,
+                `the camera did not fly: ${still.lat}`,
+              );
+              assert.deepEqual(googleRequests, [], 'no Street View request');
+              return;
+            }
+            const photoreal = await page.evaluate(() =>
+              window.__godsEyeView.mapStackController.isStackAvailable(
+                'photoreal',
+              ),
+            );
+            if (!photoreal) return skipped('no Google 3D');
+            await uiUntil(
+              page,
+              (u) =>
+                u.street.armed !== null &&
+                u.providers.some((p) => p.id === 'google' && p.on),
+              null,
+              90_000,
+            );
+            const beforePress = googleRequests.length;
+            const waiting = await getUI(page);
+            assert.equal(
+              waiting.street.open,
+              false,
+              'nothing open without a click',
+            );
+            assert.equal(waiting.street.imageId, null);
+            assert.deepEqual(
+              waiting.street.armed.point,
+              { lat: point.lat, lon: point.lon },
+              'armed at the link point',
+            );
+            assert.equal(
+              beforePress,
+              0,
+              'no Street View request before the press',
+            );
+            await expandPanel(page);
+            await press(page, '#sl-nearest-btn');
+            await uiUntil(
+              page,
+              (u) => (u.street.imageId && !u.street.loading) || u.street.error,
+              null,
+              90_000,
+            );
+            const { street } = await getUI(page);
+            assert.equal(street.error, null, `viewer error: ${street.error}`);
+            assert.equal(street.providerId, 'google');
+            assert.ok(
+              googleRequests.length >= 1,
+              'the press made the Street View request',
+            );
+            const metres = Math.hypot(
+              (street.position.lat - point.lat) * 111_320,
+              (street.position.lon - point.lon) *
+                111_320 *
+                Math.cos((point.lat * Math.PI) / 180),
+            );
+            assert.ok(
+              metres <= 250,
+              `within 250 m of the link point: ${Math.round(metres)} m`,
+            );
+            // Back to Mapillary: the keyless page restores the saved layer
+            // and expects its KEY REQUIRED.
+            await press(page, '#sl-provider-chips [data-chip-id="mapillary"]');
+            await uiUntil(page, litAlone, 'mapillary');
+          } finally {
+            page.off('request', onRequest);
+          }
+        },
+      );
+
       await fixtureStep(
         'keyless server (second page): KEY REQUIRED gates the controls',
         async () => {
diff --git a/scripts/qa-voice-routing.mjs b/scripts/qa-voice-routing.mjs
index 0d89b525a..cb75b32ba 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-voice-routing.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-voice-routing.mjs
@@ -889,6 +889,7 @@ const SLOW_TOOLS = new Set([
   'annotate_map',
   'fly_to_location',
   'select_nearest_aircraft',
+  'show_street_level',
   'analyst_query',
   'fly_route',
   'frame_overhead',
diff --git a/scripts/voice-bench/phrases.mjs b/scripts/voice-bench/phrases.mjs
index 9d1bcc8ba..6fb6f5de8 100644
--- a/scripts/voice-bench/phrases.mjs
+++ b/scripts/voice-bench/phrases.mjs
@@ -35,6 +35,14 @@ export const CORE_PHRASES = Object.freeze([
   { phrase: 'Show me the whole earth', expect: 'zoom_to_globe' },
   { phrase: 'Frame the aircraft near us from overhead', expect: 'frame_overhead', typedArgs: [where('frame_overhead', (a) => a.target === 'flights')] },
 
+  // — street-level photos: one composite action, never fly + basemap —
+  { phrase: 'Show me the Eiffel Tower on Street View', expect: 'show_street_level', typedArgs: [where('show_street_level', (a) => a.provider === 'google' && /eiffel/i.test(a.query || ''))] },
+  { phrase: 'Street view of 10th Street in Sacramento', expect: 'show_street_level', typedArgs: [where('show_street_level', (a) => a.provider === 'google')] },
+  { phrase: 'Show me Times Square on Mapillary', expect: 'show_street_level', typedArgs: [where('show_street_level', (a) => a.provider === 'mapillary')] },
+  { phrase: 'Switch to Google Street View', expect: 'show_street_level', typedArgs: [where('show_street_level', (a) => a.provider === 'google' && !a.query)] },
+  { phrase: 'Show me the Eiffel Tower', expect: 'fly_to_location' },
+  { phrase: 'Turn on street level', expect: 'set_layer_visibility', typedArgs: [where('set_layer_visibility', (a) => a.layerId === 'street-level' && a.enabled === true)] },
+
   // — the satellites trap: data layer, never basemap —
   { phrase: 'Show me the satellites', expect: { oneOf: ['set_layer_visibility', 'frame_overhead'] } },
   { phrase: 'Turn off the satellites', expect: 'set_layer_visibility', args: { layerId: 'satellites' }, typedArgs: [where('set_layer_visibility', (a) => a.layerId === 'satellites' && a.enabled === false)] },
diff --git a/server/providers/openai/instructions.js b/server/providers/openai/instructions.js
index acf576d13..471ee21ad 100644
--- a/server/providers/openai/instructions.js
+++ b/server/providers/openai/instructions.js
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ function realtimeInstructions(
     'READING THE VIEW: with no selected object or overlay entities, answer from get_entity_context\'s basemap context (tiles source, centre target, reverse-geocoded place, altitude, style, enabled layers); say there is nothing only when that is unavailable too. Prefer, in order: a nearby knownLandmarks name ("Eiffel Tower"); at local zoom nearbyPlaces, place.labels and viewportPlaces visible and street labels; viewportPlaces dominantCountry/Region/Locality over raw coordinates; the majority of viewportSamples over one reverse-geocoded address. Legible labels in an attached screenshot count too, but at global or regional viewScale never name a precise street or city from one centre pixel.',
     'Do not mention disabled layers or stale selections.',
     'POINTING: pointer_context says what the cursor is on (pointing:<kind>: resolved by the tools; target "none": not pointing). For "this/that/here/that one" with no name, pass "pointer": get_entity_context scope, track_entity/fly_to_location query, analyst_query scope.kind ("around here" is pointer, not view), annotate_map target. "The second/last one" is referent:n from the last numbered list. Without a pointer, ask or follow WHERE.',
-    'PREAMBLES: for instant commands (layers, styles, HUD, detection, zoom, panels, basemap, radio controls, camera nudges, and lookups such as get_entity_context) call the tool without speaking first. Only for slow or multi-step work (annotate_map, a searched fly_to_location, select_nearest_aircraft, analyst_query over a named place, or two or more tools) you may first say ONE sentence of at most 12 words naming the actual steps ("Finding the Capitol, then outlining its grounds."), then call the tools at once in the same response.',
+    'PREAMBLES: for instant commands (layers, styles, HUD, detection, zoom, panels, basemap, radio controls, camera nudges, and lookups such as get_entity_context) call the tool without speaking first. Only for slow or multi-step work (annotate_map, a searched fly_to_location, select_nearest_aircraft, show_street_level, analyst_query over a named place, or two or more tools) you may first say ONE sentence of at most 12 words naming the actual steps ("Finding the Capitol, then outlining its grounds."), then call the tools at once in the same response.',
     'When one request contains MULTIPLE changes, call ALL the corresponding tools before the confirmation. Never confirm a partial subset; if one fails, say which.',
     'AFTER TOOLS: speak the result\'s say line once, lightly rephrased at most, never repeating your preamble. For a requested analyst list or ranking, also name up to three returned items with the relevant returned values; keep their order. A count alone does not answer that request; if say is null, finish any remaining requested tools before confirming. Never add a count, list or action claim that the executed tool results do not support. Sources, notes and caveats are on the voice card: speak a caveat only when it changes the answer, or when asked why, how sure or which source. Lower bounds ("at least 500"), partial answers and stale, degraded or unavailable feed states in say are part of the answer — always preserve them. No filler or hedges ("let me check", "keep in mind", "it seems", "based on the data available"), and never add "approximately" to an exact tool number.',
     'For "show/open/turn on" layer requests, enable the matching layer. For "hide/close/turn off", disable it.',
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ function realtimeInstructions(
     '"Track/follow <something specific>" (a callsign, ship name, satellite name) uses track_entity. "Take me to the biggest fire" uses track_entity with query "biggest fire" (the fires layer must be enabled). Bare "orbit" means camera orbit of the current landmark. "Stop following/tracking" uses stop_tracking.',
     '"Show me which planes are overhead"/"frame the ships"/"show me the satellites above" use frame_overhead with the matching target.',
     'Confirmations echo the RESULTING state, never the request: "HUD minimal layout", "Density twenty-five percent", "Bing aerial imagery", "Tracking UAL428", "Framed fourteen aircraft". On ok=false, state the failure plainly: "Nothing matched UAL999", "No ships within 120 kilometers". Never claim an action without ok=true in the tool result.',
+    'STREET LEVEL: "X on Street View/Mapillary/KartaView/Panoramax", "street view of X" → show_street_level once, not fly_to_location; no place = view centre. Street View is never a basemap.',
     'For destination requests such as "take me to Italy", "go to NYC", or "show me the Eiffel Tower", call fly_to_location. Prefer known city IDs when available; otherwise pass the plain place query.',
     'Navigation-only requests ("take me to X", "go to X", "fly to X") are NOT descriptions: call fly_to_location alone and do NOT also call annotate_map, unless the user explicitly asks to mark the place or you go on to explain specific places there. Never drop a point pin on a region-scale natural feature (a mountain range, desert, sea, or forest) — a single point in the middle of the Rockies is meaningless. If the user explicitly asks to mark such a region, prefer type=area.',
     'For country and city destinations, omit rangeM so GEV frames the whole country or city in view. For landmarks and buildings, omit rangeM so GEV chooses a close landmark view.',
diff --git a/server/providers/openai/toolDescriptions.js b/server/providers/openai/toolDescriptions.js
index 23d5da9de..5225511be 100644
--- a/server/providers/openai/toolDescriptions.js
+++ b/server/providers/openai/toolDescriptions.js
@@ -65,6 +65,28 @@ export const ACTION_DESCRIPTIONS = {
       },
     },
   },
+  show_street_level: {
+    description:
+      'Fly to a place and open its nearest street-level photo; Street View switches to Google 3D (billed). No query: view centre.',
+    $position: 1,
+    parameters: {
+      properties: {
+        query: {
+          description: 'Place or address; "pointer" = under the cursor.',
+          $position: 1,
+        },
+        provider: {
+          description:
+            'google = Street View; others by name; omit: the lit source.',
+          $position: 1,
+        },
+        referent: {
+          description: 'Numbered item n from the last result list.',
+          $position: 1,
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  },
   adjust_camera_zoom: {
     description:
       'Move the current Cesium camera closer to or farther from what it is presently looking at. Use for relative zoom requests without changing location.',
diff --git a/src/app/embed.js b/src/app/embed.js
index 21e685a91..a3dec5b84 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.js
+++ b/src/app/embed.js
@@ -13,12 +13,18 @@
 
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
 import { announceNavigationAuthority } from '../navigationPolicy.js';
-import { annotationsFromParams, createView } from '../view/index.js';
+import {
+  annotationsFromParams,
+  createView,
+  followFromParams,
+  streetLevelFromParams,
+} from '../view/index.js';
 
 const EMBED_VIEW_MESSAGE = 'gev:view';
 const EMBED_APPLIED_MESSAGE = 'gev:view-applied';
 const EMBED_READY_MESSAGE = 'gev:ready';
 
+const STREET_LEVEL_LAYER = 'street-level';
 const FOLLOW_LAYERS = {
   aircraft: 'flights',
   military_aircraft: 'military',
@@ -165,6 +171,26 @@ function flyTo(viewer, camera) {
   });
 }
 
+/**
+ * The `show_street_level` arguments for a view's street-level photos. A plain
+ * link (`autoOpen: false`) never loads a photo from a source that bills every
+ * load: the app arms the panel and the OPEN button is one click away. A view
+ * posted into the embedded app is the client's own request and opens.
+ */
+function streetLevelArgs(streetLevel, { autoOpen = true } = {}) {
+  return {
+    latitude: streetLevel.lat,
+    longitude: streetLevel.lon,
+    ...(streetLevel.provider ? { provider: streetLevel.provider } : {}),
+    fly: true,
+    ...(autoOpen ? {} : { autoOpen: false }),
+  };
+}
+
+const STREET_LEVEL_PANEL_ID = 'street-level-panel';
+const ARMED_TOAST =
+  'Street View is ready: press OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW to load it';
+
 /**
  * Make the app show a view: style and map, exactly the view's layers,
  * annotations, the camera, and the followed entity. Each step runs through the
@@ -198,6 +224,8 @@ export async function applyView(
       await act('set_layer_visibility', { layerId: layer.id, enabled: false });
   }
   for (const layerId of view.layers) {
+    // The street-level action lights its source first, then the layer.
+    if (view.street_level && layerId === STREET_LEVEL_LAYER) continue;
     if (!dataManager.isEnabled(layerId))
       await act('set_layer_visibility', { layerId, enabled: true });
   }
@@ -207,6 +235,18 @@ export async function applyView(
   await act('clear_annotations', {});
   if (view.annotations.length)
     await act('annotate_map', { annotations: [...view.annotations] });
+  if (view.street_level) {
+    // The photos frame the camera: the action flies to the point at street
+    // level, lights the source and opens the nearest photo. When it fails
+    // before flying, the view's own camera still applies.
+    const result = await act(
+      'show_street_level',
+      streetLevelArgs(view.street_level),
+    );
+    if (result?.ok !== true && !result?.location)
+      steps.push({ step: 'camera', ok: await flyTo(viewer, view.camera) });
+    return steps;
+  }
   if (!view.follow) {
     steps.push({ step: 'camera', ok: await flyTo(viewer, view.camera) });
     return steps;
@@ -254,12 +294,56 @@ export function installViews({
   windowRef = globalThis.window,
 }) {
   const ready = Promise.resolve(shell.initialRestorePromise).catch(() => {});
-  const linked = annotationsFromParams(
-    new URLSearchParams(String(location?.hash || '').replace(/^#/, '')),
+  const hashParams = new URLSearchParams(
+    String(location?.hash || '').replace(/^#/, ''),
   );
+  // What the link itself asks for runs first, one thing at a time; posted
+  // views queue behind it. One failing step does not take the next with it.
+  // The camera's owner at restore: anyone who navigates while the link's
+  // steps wait (a gesture, a search, the assistant) takes it, and a passive
+  // link must not fly over them.
+  let generationAtRestore = null;
+  let queue = ready.then(() => {
+    generationAtRestore = shell._navigationGeneration;
+  });
+  const navigatedSinceRestore = () =>
+    Number.isFinite(generationAtRestore) &&
+    shell._navigationGeneration !== generationAtRestore;
+  const linkStep = (work) =>
+    queue.then(async () => {
+      if (signal?.aborted) return;
+      try {
+        await work();
+      } catch {
+        /* reported by the action itself */
+      }
+    });
+  const linked = annotationsFromParams(hashParams);
   if (linked.length)
-    void ready.then(() => {
-      if (!signal?.aborted) void run('annotate_map', { annotations: linked });
+    queue = linkStep(() => run('annotate_map', { annotations: linked }));
+  // A link to street-level photos opens them once the link has restored. A
+  // link anyone can publish stops short of a billed load and leaves it to a
+  // click; only the panel page's own link (inline embed) is the client's
+  // request. A link that follows an entity keeps the camera on it.
+  const streetLevel = followFromParams(hashParams)
+    ? null
+    : streetLevelFromParams(hashParams);
+  if (streetLevel)
+    queue = linkStep(async () => {
+      if (navigatedSinceRestore()) return;
+      const result = await run(
+        'show_street_level',
+        streetLevelArgs(streetLevel, { autoOpen: isEmbeddedInline() }),
+      );
+      // The restore window keeps the panel collapsed; OPEN must be in view.
+      // Embed mode hides the rail that holds it, so there the link only arms
+      // (a posted view is the way to open a photo in a frame).
+      if (result?.armed === true && !isEmbedded(location)) {
+        shell.setPanelCollapsed?.(STREET_LEVEL_PANEL_ID, false, {
+          explicit: true,
+        });
+        shell._showToast?.(ARMED_TOAST);
+      }
     });
   if (!isEmbedded(location)) return () => {};
 
@@ -278,7 +362,6 @@ export function installViews({
       peer.postMessage(message, origin);
   };
   // Views apply one at a time, in the order they arrive.
-  let queue = ready;
   const onMessage = (event) => {
     if (event.source !== peer || event.data?.type !== EMBED_VIEW_MESSAGE)
       return;
diff --git a/src/app/embed.test.mjs b/src/app/embed.test.mjs
index 5fa949342..f7aae019e 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.test.mjs
+++ b/src/app/embed.test.mjs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
   panelAwareVisibility,
 } from './embed.js';
 import { LayerLifecycle } from '../data/lifecycle.js';
-import { createView } from '../view/index.js';
+import { createView, viewToParams } from '../view/index.js';
 
 const fakeViewer = () => {
   const flights = [];
@@ -393,3 +393,475 @@ test('a followed aircraft owns the camera, and cockpit view is entered after it'
     /no cockpit view/,
   );
 });
+
+test('a view with street-level photos lets the action fly and open them', async () => {
+  const viewer = fakeViewer();
+  const { calls, run } = recorder();
+  const view = createView({
+    camera: { lat: 38.5799, lon: -121.4937, altitude_m: 500 },
+    street_level: { provider: 'google' },
+  });
+  const steps = await applyView(view, {
+    viewer,
+    dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    run,
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    calls.map(([name]) => name),
+    [
+      'set_map_stack',
+      'stop_tracking',
+      'clear_annotations',
+      'show_street_level',
+    ],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(calls.at(-1)[1], {
+    latitude: 38.5799,
+    longitude: -121.4937,
+    provider: 'google',
+    fly: true,
+  });
+  assert.equal(viewer.flights.length, 0, 'the action frames the camera');
+  assert.ok(steps.every((step) => step.ok));
+  assert.equal(steps.at(-1).step, 'show_street_level');
+});
+
+test('a link to street-level photos opens them after it restores', async () => {
+  const { calls, run } = recorder();
+  const toasts = [];
+  const panels = [];
+  installViews({
+    shell: {
+      initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve(),
+      _showToast: (text) => toasts.push(text),
+      setPanelCollapsed: (...args) => panels.push(args),
+    },
+    viewer: fakeViewer(),
+    dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    run,
+    location: {
+      search: '',
+      hash: '#v=2&lat=1&lon=2&sl=mapillary,38.58000,-121.49000',
+    },
+    windowRef: new EventTarget(),
+  });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, [
+    [
+      'show_street_level',
+      {
+        latitude: 38.58,
+        longitude: -121.49,
+        provider: 'mapillary',
+        fly: true,
+        autoOpen: false,
+      },
+    ],
+  ]);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [toasts, panels],
+    [[], []],
+    'an opened photo needs no toast or panel nudge',
+  );
+  // A failure (no key) is not an armed state either.
+  const failed = recorder({
+    show_street_level: () => ({
+      ok: false,
+      stage: 'key',
+      error: 'needs its key',
+    }),
+  });
+  installViews({
+    shell: {
+      initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve(),
+      _showToast: (text) => toasts.push(text),
+      setPanelCollapsed: (...args) => panels.push(args),
+    },
+    viewer: fakeViewer(),
+    dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    run: failed.run,
+    location: {
+      search: '',
+      hash: '#v=2&lat=1&lon=2&sl=google,1.00000,2.00000',
+    },
+    windowRef: new EventTarget(),
+  });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.deepEqual([toasts, panels], [[], []]);
+});
+
+test('a link that follows an entity keeps the camera: its photos are not opened', async () => {
+  const { calls, run } = recorder();
+  const params = viewToParams(
+    createView({
+      camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+      follow: { kind: 'satellite', id: '25544' },
+    }),
+  );
+  params.set('sl', 'mapillary,1.00000,2.00000');
+  installViews({
+    shell: { initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve() },
+    viewer: fakeViewer(),
+    dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    run,
+    location: { search: '', hash: `#${params}` },
+    windowRef: new EventTarget(),
+  });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, []);
+});
+
+test('a failing link step does not take the next one with it', async () => {
+  const calls = [];
+  const run = async (name, args) => {
+    calls.push(name);
+    if (name === 'annotate_map') throw new Error('marks failed');
+    return { ok: true, armed: false, ...args };
+  };
+  const an = encodeURIComponent(
+    JSON.stringify([{ type: 'pin', target: 'Austin' }]),
+  );
+  installViews({
+    shell: { initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve() },
+    viewer: fakeViewer(),
+    dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    run,
+    location: {
+      search: '',
+      hash: `#v=2&lat=1&lon=2&an=${an}&sl=mapillary,1.00000,2.00000`,
+    },
+    windowRef: new EventTarget(),
+  });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['annotate_map', 'show_street_level']);
+});
+
+test('a plain link never auto-loads a billed photo: it arms the panel and says so; an embedded view opens', async () => {
+  const toasts = [];
+  const panels = [];
+  const { calls, run } = recorder({
+    show_street_level: () => ({ ok: true, armed: true }),
+  });
+  installViews({
+    shell: {
+      initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve(),
+      _showToast: (text) => toasts.push(text),
+      setPanelCollapsed: (id, collapsed, options) =>
+        panels.push([id, collapsed, options]),
+    },
+    viewer: fakeViewer(),
+    dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    run,
+    location: {
+      search: '',
+      hash: '#v=2&lat=1&lon=2&map=photoreal&sl=google,38.57986,-121.49372',
+    },
+    windowRef: new EventTarget(),
+  });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.equal(calls[0][1].autoOpen, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(toasts, [
+    'Street View is ready: press OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW to load it',
+  ]);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    panels,
+    [['street-level-panel', false, { explicit: true }]],
+    'the panel opens so OPEN is in view',
+  );
+  // Adding ?embed=1 to a published link does not lift the gate: the page is
+  // still a plain top-level load.
+  const framedToasts = [];
+  const framedPanels = [];
+  const framed = recorder({
+    show_street_level: () => ({ ok: true, armed: true }),
+  });
+  const windowRef = new EventTarget();
+  windowRef.document = { body: { classList: { add() {} } } };
+  windowRef.parent = { postMessage() {} };
+  installViews({
+    shell: {
+      initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve(),
+      setCleanView() {},
+      _showToast: (text) => framedToasts.push(text),
+      setPanelCollapsed: (...args) => framedPanels.push(args),
+    },
+    viewer: fakeViewer(),
+    dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    run: framed.run,
+    location: {
+      search: '?embed=1',
+      hash: '#v=2&lat=1&lon=2&map=photoreal&sl=google,38.57986,-121.49372',
+    },
+    windowRef,
+  });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.equal(framed.calls[0][1].autoOpen, false);
+  // In a frame the rail that holds OPEN is hidden: no nudge, no toast.
+  assert.deepEqual([framedToasts, framedPanels], [[], []]);
+  // Only the panel page's own link (inline embed) is the client's request.
+  globalThis.GEV_EMBED_INLINE = true;
+  try {
+    const inline = recorder({ show_street_level: () => ({ ok: true }) });
+    const inlineWindow = new EventTarget();
+    inlineWindow.document = { body: { classList: { add() {} } } };
+    inlineWindow.postMessage = () => {};
+    // The inline panel keeps rendering from a timer; give it inert clocks.
+    Object.assign(inlineWindow, {
+      requestAnimationFrame: () => 1,
+      cancelAnimationFrame() {},
+      setTimeout: () => 1,
+      clearTimeout() {},
+      setInterval: () => 1,
+      clearInterval() {},
+    });
+    const stop = installViews({
+      shell: { initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve(), setCleanView() {} },
+      viewer: fakeViewer(),
+      dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+      run: inline.run,
+      location: {
+        search: '',
+        hash: '#v=2&lat=1&lon=2&map=photoreal&sl=google,38.57986,-121.49372',
+      },
+      windowRef: inlineWindow,
+    });
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    assert.equal('autoOpen' in inline.calls[0][1], false);
+    stop();
+  } finally {
+    delete globalThis.GEV_EMBED_INLINE;
+  }
+  // applyView (a posted view) opens too.
+  const posted = recorder();
+  await applyView(
+    createView({
+      camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+      street_level: { provider: 'google' },
+    }),
+    {
+      viewer: fakeViewer(),
+      dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+      run: posted.run,
+    },
+  );
+  assert.equal('autoOpen' in posted.calls.at(-1)[1], false);
+});
+
+test('a view whose photos fail before any flight still gets its camera', async () => {
+  const viewer = fakeViewer();
+  const { calls, run } = recorder({
+    show_street_level: () => ({
+      ok: false,
+      stage: 'key',
+      error: 'needs its key',
+    }),
+  });
+  const view = createView({
+    camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2, altitude_m: 500 },
+    street_level: { provider: 'google' },
+  });
+  const steps = await applyView(view, {
+    viewer,
+    dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    run,
+  });
+  assert.equal(viewer.flights.length, 1, 'the view flies itself');
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    steps.map((step) => [step.step, step.ok]),
+    [
+      ['set_map_stack', true],
+      ['stop_tracking', true],
+      ['clear_annotations', true],
+      ['show_street_level', false],
+      ['camera', true],
+    ],
+  );
+  assert.ok(calls.some(([name]) => name === 'show_street_level'));
+  // A flight that happened (the action reports where) is not repeated.
+  const flown = fakeViewer();
+  const { run: flownRun } = recorder({
+    show_street_level: () => ({
+      ok: false,
+      stage: 'imagery',
+      location: 'Somewhere',
+      error: 'no imagery',
+    }),
+  });
+  await applyView(view, {
+    viewer: flown,
+    dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    run: flownRun,
+  });
+  assert.equal(flown.flights.length, 0);
+});
+
+test('a link runs its marks and photos in order, and posted views wait behind them', async () => {
+  const log = [];
+  let releaseStreetLevel = null;
+  let releaseMarks = null;
+  const run = async (name, args) => {
+    log.push(`start:${name}`);
+    if (name === 'annotate_map')
+      await new Promise((resolve) => {
+        releaseMarks = resolve;
+      });
+    if (name === 'show_street_level')
+      await new Promise((resolve) => {
+        releaseStreetLevel = resolve;
+      });
+    log.push(`end:${name}`);
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      ...(name === 'show_street_level' ? { location: 'x' } : {}),
+    };
+  };
+  const windowRef = new EventTarget();
+  windowRef.document = { body: { classList: { add() {} } } };
+  // A framing page: answers go to it, not to the app's own window.
+  windowRef.parent = {
+    postMessage: (message) => log.push(`post:${message.type}`),
+  };
+  const an = encodeURIComponent(
+    JSON.stringify([{ type: 'pin', target: 'Austin' }]),
+  );
+  installViews({
+    shell: { initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve(), setCleanView() {} },
+    viewer: fakeViewer(),
+    dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    run,
+    location: {
+      search: '?embed=1',
+      hash: `#v=2&lat=1&lon=2&an=${an}&sl=mapillary,1.00000,2.00000`,
+    },
+    windowRef,
+  });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  // A view arrives while the link's photos are still opening.
+  windowRef.dispatchEvent(
+    Object.assign(new Event('message'), {
+      source: windowRef.parent,
+      origin: 'null',
+      data: {
+        type: 'gev:view',
+        id: 'v1',
+        view: { camera: { lat: 3, lon: 4 } },
+      },
+    }),
+  );
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  const actions = () => log.filter((entry) => !entry.startsWith('post:'));
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    actions(),
+    ['start:annotate_map'],
+    'the photos wait for the marks',
+  );
+  releaseMarks();
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.deepEqual(actions().slice(0, 3), [
+    'start:annotate_map',
+    'end:annotate_map',
+    'start:show_street_level',
+  ]);
+  assert.ok(
+    !log.includes('start:stop_tracking'),
+    'the posted view waits for the link',
+  );
+  releaseStreetLevel();
+  for (
+    let tick = 0;
+    tick < 20 && !log.includes('post:gev:view-applied');
+    tick++
+  )
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.equal(
+    log.indexOf('end:show_street_level') < log.indexOf('start:stop_tracking'),
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.ok(log.includes('post:gev:view-applied'), log.join(' '));
+});
+
+test('an aborted install never runs the link photos', async () => {
+  const { calls, run } = recorder();
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  controller.abort();
+  installViews({
+    shell: { initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve() },
+    viewer: fakeViewer(),
+    dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    run,
+    signal: controller.signal,
+    location: {
+      search: '',
+      hash: '#v=2&lat=1&lon=2&sl=google,1.00000,2.00000',
+    },
+    windowRef: new EventTarget(),
+  });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, []);
+});
+
+test('a passive link stands down when someone navigated while it waited behind its marks', async () => {
+  const calls = [];
+  let releaseMarks = null;
+  const shell = {
+    initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve(),
+    _navigationGeneration: 7,
+  };
+  const run = async (name) => {
+    calls.push(name);
+    if (name === 'annotate_map')
+      await new Promise((resolve) => {
+        releaseMarks = resolve;
+      });
+    return { ok: true };
+  };
+  const an = encodeURIComponent(
+    JSON.stringify([{ type: 'pin', target: 'Austin' }]),
+  );
+  installViews({
+    shell,
+    viewer: fakeViewer(),
+    dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    run,
+    location: {
+      search: '',
+      hash: `#v=2&lat=1&lon=2&an=${an}&sl=mapillary,1.00000,2.00000`,
+    },
+    windowRef: new EventTarget(),
+  });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['annotate_map']);
+  shell._navigationGeneration = 8; // the recipient searched, or the assistant flew
+  releaseMarks();
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    calls,
+    ['annotate_map'],
+    'the link did not fly over the newer navigation',
+  );
+
+  // Unchanged navigation: the photos open as before.
+  const quiet = [];
+  installViews({
+    shell: {
+      initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve(),
+      _navigationGeneration: 3,
+    },
+    viewer: fakeViewer(),
+    dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    run: async (name) => {
+      quiet.push(name);
+      return { ok: true };
+    },
+    location: {
+      search: '',
+      hash: `#v=2&lat=1&lon=2&an=${an}&sl=mapillary,1.00000,2.00000`,
+    },
+    windowRef: new EventTarget(),
+  });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.deepEqual(quiet, ['annotate_map', 'show_street_level']);
+});
diff --git a/src/firstRunExperience.test.mjs b/src/firstRunExperience.test.mjs
index 87229e5c5..6603382c4 100644
--- a/src/firstRunExperience.test.mjs
+++ b/src/firstRunExperience.test.mjs
@@ -982,8 +982,9 @@ test('the voice TOOL SCHEMA matches the pinned contract — the mission mapping
   // Canonical serialization pins every tool name, description, property and
   // ordering while allowing source formatting. Derived from the unchanged
   // release schema before formatting (the previous source-byte pin passed).
+  // show_street_level (street-level photos) is a later, separate tool.
   const legacyTools = structuredClone(GEV_REALTIME_TOOLS).filter(
-    (tool) => tool.name !== 'set_cyber_sonar',
+    (tool) => !['set_cyber_sonar', 'show_street_level'].includes(tool.name),
   );
   const hudLayout = legacyTools.find((tool) => tool.name === 'set_hud')
     .parameters.properties.layout;
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index e2e05348d..faed66510 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -3222,5 +3222,13 @@
   "Audio": "الصوت",
   "UTILITIES": "الأدوات",
   "Exit cockpit to fly to a drawing": "اخرج من القمرة للانتقال إلى رسم",
-  "Directions, drawing and your own files": "الاتجاهات والرسم وملفاتك الخاصة"
+  "Directions, drawing and your own files": "الاتجاهات والرسم وملفاتك الخاصة",
+  "Press OPEN to load the photo": "اضغط «فتح» لتحميل الصورة",
+  "Captured {month}": "التُقطت في {month}",
+  "this spot": "هذا الموضع",
+  "the view centre": "مركز العرض",
+  "{source} at {place}": "{source} في {place}",
+  "Street level at {place}": "مستوى الشارع في {place}",
+  "Switching map": "جارٍ تبديل الخريطة",
+  "Opening imagery": "جارٍ فتح الصور"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index 0abaa4ddf..d98a33930 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -2942,5 +2942,13 @@
   "Audio": "Audio",
   "UTILITIES": "WERKZEUGE",
   "Exit cockpit to fly to a drawing": "Cockpit verlassen, um zu einer Zeichnung zu fliegen",
-  "Directions, drawing and your own files": "Route, Zeichnen und eigene Dateien"
+  "Directions, drawing and your own files": "Route, Zeichnen und eigene Dateien",
+  "Press OPEN to load the photo": "Auf ÖFFNEN klicken, um das Foto zu laden",
+  "Captured {month}": "Aufgenommen im {month}",
+  "this spot": "diese Stelle",
+  "the view centre": "die Bildmitte",
+  "{source} at {place}": "{source} bei {place}",
+  "Street level at {place}": "Straßenebene bei {place}",
+  "Switching map": "Karte wird gewechselt",
+  "Opening imagery": "Bilder werden geöffnet"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index 65997812d..8d530a7b4 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -906,6 +906,8 @@
   "Bike Share": "Bicis compartidas",
   "Cameras": "Cámaras",
   "Street Level": "A pie de calle",
+  "Press OPEN to load the photo": "Pulse ABRIR para cargar la foto",
+  "Captured {month}": "Capturada en {month}",
   "Mapped ALPR Cameras": "Cámaras ALPR mapeadas",
   "Data Centers": "Centros de datos",
   "Active Fires": "Incendios activos",
@@ -1745,6 +1747,10 @@
   "Mark {targets}": "Marcar: {targets}",
   "Fly to {place}": "Volar a {place}",
   "Nearest aircraft to {place}": "Aeronave más cercana a {place}",
+  "{source} at {place}": "{source} en {place}",
+  "Street level at {place}": "A pie de calle en {place}",
+  "this spot": "este punto",
+  "the view centre": "el centro de la vista",
   "Read the view": "Consultar la vista",
   "Check view state": "Comprobar el estado de la vista",
   "Frame {target}": "Encuadrar {target}",
@@ -1752,6 +1758,8 @@
   "Tracing outline": "Trazando contorno",
   "Looking up place": "Buscando lugar",
   "Flying": "Volando",
+  "Switching map": "Cambiando de mapa",
+  "Opening imagery": "Abriendo imágenes",
   "Turning on layer": "Activando capa",
   "Loading aircraft": "Cargando aeronaves",
   "Picking nearest": "Eligiendo la más cercana",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index 0d1460e1d..5e7457e76 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -3012,5 +3012,13 @@
   "Audio": "Audio",
   "UTILITIES": "OUTILS",
   "Exit cockpit to fly to a drawing": "Quittez le cockpit pour rejoindre un dessin",
-  "Directions, drawing and your own files": "Itinéraire, dessin et vos propres fichiers"
+  "Directions, drawing and your own files": "Itinéraire, dessin et vos propres fichiers",
+  "Press OPEN to load the photo": "Appuyez sur OUVRIR pour charger la photo",
+  "Captured {month}": "Prise en {month}",
+  "this spot": "cet endroit",
+  "the view centre": "le centre de la vue",
+  "{source} at {place}": "{source} à {place}",
+  "Street level at {place}": "Niveau rue à {place}",
+  "Switching map": "Changement de carte",
+  "Opening imagery": "Ouverture des images"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index d460440e2..cf642ae4e 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -3012,5 +3012,13 @@
   "Audio": "Audio",
   "UTILITIES": "STRUMENTI",
   "Exit cockpit to fly to a drawing": "Esci dal cockpit per volare a un disegno",
-  "Directions, drawing and your own files": "Indicazioni, disegno e i tuoi file"
+  "Directions, drawing and your own files": "Indicazioni, disegno e i tuoi file",
+  "Press OPEN to load the photo": "Premi APRI per caricare la foto",
+  "Captured {month}": "Scattata a {month}",
+  "this spot": "questo punto",
+  "the view centre": "il centro della vista",
+  "{source} at {place}": "{source} a {place}",
+  "Street level at {place}": "Vista stradale a {place}",
+  "Switching map": "Cambio mappa",
+  "Opening imagery": "Apertura delle immagini"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index 237c55f6c..e41b78411 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -2872,5 +2872,13 @@
   "Audio": "オーディオ",
   "UTILITIES": "ユーティリティ",
   "Exit cockpit to fly to a drawing": "描画の位置へ移動するにはコックピットを終了してください",
-  "Directions, drawing and your own files": "ルート案内、描画、自分のファイル"
+  "Directions, drawing and your own files": "ルート案内、描画、自分のファイル",
+  "Press OPEN to load the photo": "「開く」を押して写真を読み込む",
+  "Captured {month}": "{month}撮影",
+  "this spot": "この地点",
+  "the view centre": "表示中心",
+  "{source} at {place}": "{place}の{source}",
+  "Street level at {place}": "{place}のストリートレベル",
+  "Switching map": "地図を切り替え中",
+  "Opening imagery": "画像を開いています"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index 25f53f162..e6ccfd9f8 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -3012,5 +3012,13 @@
   "Audio": "Áudio",
   "UTILITIES": "UTILITÁRIOS",
   "Exit cockpit to fly to a drawing": "Saia da cabine para voar até um desenho",
-  "Directions, drawing and your own files": "Rotas, desenho e seus próprios arquivos"
+  "Directions, drawing and your own files": "Rotas, desenho e seus próprios arquivos",
+  "Press OPEN to load the photo": "Clique em ABRIR para carregar a foto",
+  "Captured {month}": "Capturada em {month}",
+  "this spot": "este ponto",
+  "the view centre": "o centro da vista",
+  "{source} at {place}": "{source} em {place}",
+  "Street level at {place}": "Nível da rua em {place}",
+  "Switching map": "Mudando de mapa",
+  "Opening imagery": "Abrindo imagens"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index f3217b079..aa5f47c26 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -915,6 +915,8 @@
   "Bike Share": "Прокат велосипедов",
   "Cameras": "Камеры",
   "Street Level": "Уличные снимки",
+  "Press OPEN to load the photo": "Нажмите ОТКРЫТЬ, чтобы загрузить снимок",
+  "Captured {month}": "Снято: {month}",
   "Mapped ALPR Cameras": "Камеры ALPR на карте",
   "Data Centers": "Дата-центры",
   "Active Fires": "Активные пожары",
@@ -1778,6 +1780,10 @@
   "Mark {targets}": "Отметить {targets}",
   "Fly to {place}": "Перелёт: {place}",
   "Nearest aircraft to {place}": "Ближайший самолёт: {place}",
+  "{source} at {place}": "{source}: {place}",
+  "Street level at {place}": "Уличные снимки: {place}",
+  "this spot": "эта точка",
+  "the view centre": "центр вида",
   "Read the view": "Осмотреть видимую область",
   "Check view state": "Проверить состояние вида",
   "Frame {target}": "Показать в кадре: {target}",
@@ -1785,6 +1791,8 @@
   "Tracing outline": "Построение контура",
   "Looking up place": "Поиск места",
   "Flying": "Перелёт",
+  "Switching map": "Смена карты",
+  "Opening imagery": "Открытие снимков",
   "Turning on layer": "Включение слоя",
   "Loading aircraft": "Загрузка самолётов",
   "Picking nearest": "Выбор ближайших",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index 720b0a7bd..2fbc3db48 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -3082,5 +3082,13 @@
   "Audio": "Аудіо",
   "UTILITIES": "ІНСТРУМЕНТИ",
   "Exit cockpit to fly to a drawing": "Вийдіть із кабіни, щоб перелетіти до малюнка",
-  "Directions, drawing and your own files": "Маршрути, малювання та ваші файли"
+  "Directions, drawing and your own files": "Маршрути, малювання та ваші файли",
+  "Press OPEN to load the photo": "Натисніть «ВІДКРИТИ», щоб завантажити фото",
+  "Captured {month}": "Знято: {month}",
+  "this spot": "це місце",
+  "the view centre": "центр карти",
+  "{source} at {place}": "{source}: {place}",
+  "Street level at {place}": "Вуличні знімки: {place}",
+  "Switching map": "Перемикання карти",
+  "Opening imagery": "Відкриття знімків"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index b9d8799c4..7978bff4d 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -1737,6 +1737,8 @@
   "Bike Share": "共享单车",
   "Cameras": "摄像头",
   "Street Level": "街景",
+  "Press OPEN to load the photo": "点击“打开”加载照片",
+  "Captured {month}": "拍摄于 {month}",
   "Mapped ALPR Cameras": "地图标注 ALPR 摄像头",
   "Data Centers": "数据中心",
   "Active Fires": "活跃火点",
@@ -2416,6 +2418,10 @@
   "Fly to {place}": "飞往 {place}",
   "Fly to Location": "飞往地点",
   "Nearest aircraft to {place}": "距离 {place} 最近的飞机",
+  "{source} at {place}": "{place} 的 {source}",
+  "Street level at {place}": "{place} 的街景",
+  "this spot": "此处",
+  "the view centre": "视图中心",
   "Nearest aircraft to Here": "距离此处最近的飞机",
   "Layer on": "图层已开启",
   "Layer off": "图层已关闭",
@@ -2428,6 +2434,8 @@
   "Tracing outline": "正在绘制轮廓",
   "Looking up place": "正在查询地点",
   "Flying": "飞行中",
+  "Switching map": "正在切换地图",
+  "Opening imagery": "正在打开影像",
   "Turning on layer": "正在开启图层",
   "Loading aircraft": "正在加载飞机",
   "Picking nearest": "正在选取最近目标",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index 06ce0fcaa..a0760dc1b 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -2872,5 +2872,13 @@
   "Right panels": "右側面板",
   "UTILITIES": "工具",
   "Exit cockpit to fly to a drawing": "請先退出座艙，再飛往繪製位置",
-  "Directions, drawing and your own files": "路線導航、繪製和你自己的文件"
+  "Directions, drawing and your own files": "路線導航、繪製和你自己的文件",
+  "Press OPEN to load the photo": "點擊“打開”載入照片",
+  "Captured {month}": "拍攝於 {month}",
+  "this spot": "此處",
+  "the view centre": "視圖中心",
+  "{source} at {place}": "{place} 的 {source}",
+  "Street level at {place}": "{place} 的街景",
+  "Switching map": "正在切換地圖",
+  "Opening imagery": "正在打開影像"
 }
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
index 1f7b0f7f0..409fdf384 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import {
   AIM_AT_GROUND_MESSAGE,
   keyStatusLabel,
   NEAREST_RADIUS_M,
+  NEAREST_RADIUS_MAX_M,
   POSITION_PICK_ID,
   STREET_LEVEL_LAYER_ID,
 } from './policy.js';
@@ -157,6 +158,12 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
     const owner = state.providers.get(state.street.providerId);
     if (state.street.open && owner && !providerAvailable(owner))
       layer.closeViewer();
+    // An armed lookup for a source whose map left dies too.
+    const armedFor = state.street.armed?.providerIds?.map((id) =>
+      state.providers.get(id),
+    );
+    if (armedFor?.some((entry) => entry && !providerAvailable(entry)))
+      state.street.armed = null;
     for (const entry of state.providers.values()) {
       if (!entry.def.requiresMapStack) continue;
       if (state.enabled && entry.on && providerAvailable(entry))
@@ -275,8 +282,14 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
   }
 
   /** `frame: false` keeps the camera where it is (the user picked the spot). */
-  function openImage(providerId, imageId, { frame = true } = {}) {
+  function openImage(
+    providerId,
+    imageId,
+    { frame = true, signal = null } = {},
+  ) {
+    if (signal?.aborted) return Promise.resolve(false);
     abortNearest();
+    state.street.armed = null;
     const entry = state.providers.get(providerId);
     if (entry && !providerAvailable(entry)) {
       state.street.loading = false;
@@ -284,7 +297,7 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
       notify();
       return Promise.resolve(false);
     }
-    return parts.viewerHost.open(providerId, imageId, { frame });
+    return parts.viewerHost.open(providerId, imageId, { frame, signal });
   }
 
   function unavailableReason(entry) {
@@ -330,6 +343,9 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
   function switchProvider(entry, on) {
     if (entry.on === on) return;
     entry.on = on;
+    // A lookup armed for this source dies with it.
+    if (!on && state.street.armed?.providerIds?.includes(entry.def.id))
+      state.street.armed = null;
     if (!state.enabled) return;
     if (on) activate(entry);
     else deactivate(entry);
@@ -466,6 +482,37 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
     },
     /** Registered providers, in chip order. */
     providerIds: defs.map((def) => def.id),
+    /** The map stack a provider needs (`requiresMapStack`), or null for any. */
+    requiredMapStack(providerId) {
+      const def = defs.find((entry) => entry.id === providerId);
+      return def?.requiresMapStack || null;
+    },
+    /** The coverage lines a provider draws now (see `coverageLines`). */
+    coverageLines(providerId) {
+      return state.providers.get(providerId)?.instance.coverageLines?.() ?? [];
+    },
+    /**
+     * A provider's name and key state on any map (the panel lists a provider
+     * only on the map it needs). `configured` is null until its status call
+     * answers; `keyRequired` covers a missing or refused key.
+     */
+    providerStatus(providerId) {
+      const entry = state.providers.get(providerId);
+      if (!entry) return null;
+      const stats = entry.instance.coverageStats();
+      return {
+        id: entry.def.id,
+        name: entry.def.name,
+        on: entry.on,
+        configured: entry.status ? entry.status.configured === true : null,
+        keyRequired: stats.keyRequired === true || stats.keyRejected === true,
+        keyRejected: stats.keyRejected === true,
+        groundClick: entry.def.groundClick === true,
+        billed: entry.def.billedPerImage === true,
+        available: providerAvailable(entry),
+        error: stats.error || null,
+      };
+    },
     getSourceAvailability() {
       const available = defs.length > 0;
       return {
@@ -612,13 +659,34 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
     /**
      * Open the nearest image of the active providers (or `providerIds`) near
      * a point, else the view centre, or with `aim: 'screen-centre'` the ground
-     * under the screen centre (sky: nothing). Providers without
+     * under the screen centre (sky: nothing). `radiusM` widens the search for
+     * providers that can (a geocoded landmark is rarely within 50 m of a
+     * street); clicks keep the default. A caller's `signal` retires the
+     * lookup: nothing opens after it fires. Providers without
      * `nearestImage` are skipped.
      */
     async openNearest(
       point,
-      { providerIds = null, frame = true, aim = 'view' } = {},
+      {
+        providerIds = null,
+        frame = true,
+        aim = 'view',
+        radiusM = null,
+        signal: callerSignal = null,
+      } = {},
     ) {
+      if (callerSignal?.aborted) return false;
+      // An OPEN press after a link armed a lookup opens what the link asked;
+      // any other lookup is a new request and drops the armed one.
+      const armed = state.street.armed;
+      state.street.armed = null;
+      if (!point && aim === 'screen-centre' && armed) {
+        point = armed.point;
+        radiusM ??= armed.radiusM;
+      }
+      const radius = Number.isFinite(radiusM)
+        ? Math.min(NEAREST_RADIUS_MAX_M, Math.max(1, radiusM))
+        : NEAREST_RADIUS_M;
       let view = point;
       if (!view && aim === 'screen-centre') {
         view = screenCentreGround();
@@ -637,6 +705,21 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
       const lookup = new AbortController();
       nearestLookup = lookup;
       const { signal } = lookup;
+      const onCallerAbort = () => lookup.abort();
+      callerSignal?.addEventListener('abort', onCallerAbort, { once: true });
+      const retired = () => {
+        callerSignal?.removeEventListener('abort', onCallerAbort);
+        // Only the lookup that still owns the panel may touch it: a newer one
+        // has its own spinner and error.
+        if (nearestLookup !== lookup) return false;
+        nearestLookup = null;
+        // The caller moved on: the panel shows nothing of this lookup.
+        if (state.street.loading && !state.street.open) {
+          state.street.loading = false;
+          notify();
+        }
+        return false;
+      };
       state.street.loading = true;
       state.street.error = null;
       notify();
@@ -651,23 +734,35 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
         try {
           imageId = await entry.instance.nearestImage(
             { lat: view.lat, lon: view.lon },
-            { signal },
+            radius === NEAREST_RADIUS_M
+              ? { signal }
+              : { signal, radiusM: radius },
           );
         } catch (error) {
+          if (callerSignal?.aborted) return retired();
           // Overtaken: whatever replaced it owns the panel, errors included.
           if (signal.aborted) return false;
           // One provider failing (no key, offline) must not hide the others.
           lastError = error;
           continue;
         }
+        if (callerSignal?.aborted) return retired();
         if (signal.aborted) return false;
         if (!state.enabled) break;
         // Switched off, or its map left, while it looked: try the next.
         if (!imageId || !entry.on || !providerAvailable(entry)) continue;
         nearestLookup = null;
-        return openImage(entry.def.id, imageId, { frame });
+        callerSignal?.removeEventListener('abort', onCallerAbort);
+        // The caller's signal still counts while the viewer mounts and loads.
+        return openImage(entry.def.id, imageId, {
+          frame,
+          signal: callerSignal,
+        });
       }
-      if (nearestLookup === lookup) nearestLookup = null;
+      callerSignal?.removeEventListener('abort', onCallerAbort);
+      // Replaced while it looked: the panel is the newer lookup's.
+      if (nearestLookup !== lookup) return false;
+      nearestLookup = null;
       // Switched off while it looked: nothing to open, nothing to report.
       const stillOn = entries.some(
         (entry) => entry.on && providerAvailable(entry),
@@ -679,11 +774,13 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
           lastError?.message ||
           (point
             ? t('No street-level imagery within {radius} m of that point', {
-                radius: NEAREST_RADIUS_M,
+                radius,
               })
             : t(
                 'No street-level imagery within {radius} m of the view centre',
-                { radius: NEAREST_RADIUS_M },
+                {
+                  radius,
+                },
               ));
       state.street.loading = false;
       notify();
@@ -695,6 +792,23 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
       parts.viewerHost.close();
       parts.clearSequences();
     },
+    /**
+     * Prepare a nearest lookup for the next OPEN press without running it: a
+     * link to a source that bills every load stops here. The press opens at
+     * this point with this radius; any other lookup, open or close, the
+     * source switched off, or its map leaving clears it.
+     */
+    armNearest(point, { providerIds = null, radiusM = null } = {}) {
+      state.street.armed = {
+        point:
+          Number.isFinite(point?.lat) && Number.isFinite(point?.lon)
+            ? { lat: point.lat, lon: point.lon }
+            : null,
+        providerIds: Array.isArray(providerIds) ? [...providerIds] : null,
+        radiusM: Number.isFinite(radiusM) ? radiusM : null,
+      };
+      notify();
+    },
     setViewerRenderMode: (mode) => parts.viewerHost.setRenderMode(mode),
     resizeViewer: () => parts.viewerHost.resize(),
   };
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
index 6c79a52ca..a82dc53c5 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ import {
   fakeStreetLevelProvider as fakeProvider,
 } from '../../testSupport/streetLevelFakes.mjs';
 import { setLocale } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+// Loaded up front: it brings Vue, which reads `document` once when it loads,
+// and several tests here stand a bare fake document in for the page.
+import { createGevActionRunner } from '../../voice/gevActions.js';
 
 /**
  * A layer over `source` and `photoViewer`, initialised on a stand-in viewer
@@ -1118,6 +1121,674 @@ test('switching source by params clears a failed lookup’s error; reapplying th
   assert.equal(second.getUIState().street.error, kept);
 });
 
+test('openNearest searches wider on request, never past the cap, and says how far it looked', async (t) => {
+  const { layer, fake } = await withStreetView(t, { nearest: () => null });
+  layer.setProviderEnabled('google', true);
+  await settle();
+  await layer.openNearest(
+    { lat: 38.58, lon: -121.49 },
+    { providerIds: ['google'], frame: false, radiusM: 250 },
+  );
+  assert.equal(fake.lookups.at(-1).radius, 250);
+  assert.equal(
+    layer.getUIState().street.error,
+    'No street-level imagery within 250 m of that point',
+  );
+  await layer.openNearest(
+    { lat: 38.58, lon: -121.49 },
+    { providerIds: ['google'], frame: false, radiusM: 5000 },
+  );
+  assert.equal(fake.lookups.at(-1).radius, 250, 'capped');
+  await layer.openNearest(
+    { lat: 38.58, lon: -121.49 },
+    { providerIds: ['google'], frame: false },
+  );
+  assert.equal(fake.lookups.at(-1).radius, 50, 'a click keeps the default');
+});
+
+test('a caller’s signal retires a nearest lookup: nothing opens after it fires', async (t) => {
+  let answer = null;
+  const { layer, fake } = await withStreetView(t, {
+    nearest: () => 'pano-a',
+  });
+  const lib = fake.library;
+  const service = lib.StreetViewService.prototype.getPanorama;
+  lib.StreetViewService.prototype.getPanorama = function (request) {
+    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+      answer = () => service.call(this, request).then(resolve, reject);
+    });
+  };
+  layer.setProviderEnabled('google', true);
+  await settle();
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  const pending = layer.openNearest(
+    { lat: 38.58, lon: -121.49 },
+    { providerIds: ['google'], frame: false, signal: controller.signal },
+  );
+  await settle();
+  controller.abort();
+  answer?.();
+  assert.equal(await pending, false);
+  const street = layer.getUIState().street;
+  assert.equal(street.open, false, 'the retired lookup opened nothing');
+  assert.equal(street.loading, false, 'no stuck spinner');
+  assert.equal(street.error, null, 'and reports no missing imagery');
+  const refused = await layer.openNearest(
+    { lat: 38.58, lon: -121.49 },
+    { providerIds: ['google'], frame: false, signal: controller.signal },
+  );
+  assert.equal(refused, false, 'an already-aborted signal asks nothing');
+});
+
+test('providerStatus reports name, key state and billing on any map', async (t) => {
+  const { layer } = await withStreetView(t, { mapStack: 'osm' });
+  const google = layer.providerStatus('google');
+  assert.equal(google.name, 'Google Street View');
+  assert.equal(google.billed, true, 'every Street View load is billed');
+  assert.equal(google.available, false, 'not on this map');
+  assert.equal(google.keyRequired, false);
+  assert.equal(layer.providerStatus('mapillary').billed, false);
+  assert.equal(layer.providerStatus('nope'), null);
+  assert.equal(layer.requiredMapStack('google'), 'photoreal');
+  assert.equal(layer.requiredMapStack('mapillary'), null);
+});
+
+test('an armed lookup asks nothing until the OPEN press, then opens at its point and radius once', async (t) => {
+  const { layer, fake, mapillaryLookups } = await withStreetView(t);
+  layer.setProviderEnabled('google', true);
+  await settle();
+  const before = fake.lookups.length;
+  layer.armNearest(
+    { lat: 38.57986, lon: -121.49372 },
+    { providerIds: ['google'], radiusM: 250 },
+  );
+  await settle();
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 20));
+  // The click gate: arming is free. No provider was asked, nothing opened.
+  assert.equal(
+    fake.lookups.length,
+    before,
+    'no Google lookup before the press',
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(mapillaryLookups, [], 'no Mapillary lookup either');
+  assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.open, false);
+  assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.loading, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(layer.getUIState().street.armed, {
+    point: { lat: 38.57986, lon: -121.49372 },
+    providerIds: ['google'],
+    radiusM: 250,
+  });
+  // The OPEN button: no point, aimed at the screen centre.
+  const opened = await layer.openNearest(undefined, {
+    providerIds: ['google'],
+    frame: false,
+    aim: 'screen-centre',
+  });
+  assert.equal(opened, true);
+  assert.equal(
+    fake.lookups.length,
+    before + 1,
+    'exactly one lookup for the press',
+  );
+  const request = fake.lookups.at(-1);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    request.location,
+    { lat: 38.57986, lng: -121.49372 },
+    'the armed point, not the screen centre',
+  );
+  assert.equal(request.radius, 250);
+  assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.armed, null, 'used once');
+  layer.armNearest({ lat: 1, lon: 2 }, { providerIds: ['google'] });
+  layer.closeViewer();
+  assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.armed, null, 'closing clears it');
+  layer.armNearest({ lat: 1, lon: 2 }, { providerIds: ['google'] });
+  await layer.openNearest(
+    { lat: 38.58, lon: -121.49 },
+    { providerIds: ['google'], frame: false },
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    fake.lookups.at(-1).location,
+    { lat: 38.58, lng: -121.49 },
+    'an explicit point wins',
+  );
+  assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.armed, null);
+  // Only the OPEN press consumes the armed point: "street view here" after a
+  // pan is a new request at the view centre, and it drops the armed one.
+  layer.closeViewer();
+  layer.armNearest(
+    { lat: 10, lon: 20 },
+    { providerIds: ['google'], radiusM: 250 },
+  );
+  await layer.openNearest(null, { providerIds: ['google'], frame: false });
+  const centre = fake.lookups.at(-1);
+  assert.notDeepEqual(
+    centre.location,
+    { lat: 10, lng: 20 },
+    'the view centre, not the armed point',
+  );
+  assert.equal(centre.radius, 50, 'and the default radius');
+  assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.armed, null, 'dropped');
+  // Opening any image, or switching the layer off, clears it too.
+  layer.armNearest({ lat: 10, lon: 20 }, { providerIds: ['google'] });
+  await layer.openImage('google', 'pano-a');
+  assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.armed, null, 'cleared by an open');
+  layer.armNearest({ lat: 10, lon: 20 }, { providerIds: ['google'] });
+  layer.disable();
+  assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.armed, null, 'cleared by disable');
+});
+
+test('a caller’s signal: an aborted one asks nothing, and a provider that ignores the abort still opens nothing', async (t) => {
+  const { layer, fake } = await withStreetView(t);
+  layer.setProviderEnabled('google', true);
+  await settle();
+  const before = fake.lookups.length;
+  const done = new AbortController();
+  done.abort();
+  assert.equal(
+    await layer.openNearest(
+      { lat: 38.58, lon: -121.49 },
+      { providerIds: ['google'], frame: false, signal: done.signal },
+    ),
+    false,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    fake.lookups.length,
+    before,
+    'an already-aborted signal asks nothing',
+  );
+});
+
+test('a provider that ignores the abort and answers late still opens nothing', async (t) => {
+  let seen = null;
+  let release = null;
+  const slow = fakeProvider({
+    nearestImage: async (_point, { signal } = {}) => {
+      seen = signal;
+      await new Promise((resolve) => {
+        release = resolve;
+      });
+      return 'late-image';
+    },
+  });
+  const { layer: ignoring } = await enabledLayer(t, [slow]);
+  const { fakeHost } =
+    await import('../../testSupport/googleStreetViewFakes.mjs');
+  ignoring.attachViewerHost(fakeHost());
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  const pending = ignoring.openNearest(
+    { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+    { frame: false, signal: controller.signal },
+  );
+  await settle();
+  controller.abort();
+  assert.equal(seen?.aborted, true, 'the provider sees the abort');
+  release();
+  assert.equal(await pending, false);
+  const street = ignoring.getUIState().street;
+  assert.equal(street.open, false, 'the late answer opened nothing');
+  assert.equal(street.loading, false, 'no stuck spinner');
+  assert.equal(street.error, null);
+});
+
+test('providerStatus reports a keyless source on any map', async (t) => {
+  const keyless = await withStreetView(t, {
+    mapStack: 'osm',
+    mapillaryKeyless: true,
+  });
+  await settle();
+  const mapillary = keyless.layer.providerStatus('mapillary');
+  assert.equal(mapillary.configured, false);
+  assert.equal(mapillary.keyRequired, true);
+  assert.equal(mapillary.keyRejected, false);
+});
+
+test('providerStatus reports a refused key on any map', async (t) => {
+  const refused = await withStreetView(t, { mapStack: 'osm' });
+  refused.loader.refuseKey();
+  await settle();
+  const google = refused.layer.providerStatus('google');
+  assert.equal(
+    google.keyRequired,
+    true,
+    'a refused key gates like a missing one',
+  );
+  assert.equal(google.keyRejected, true);
+  assert.equal(google.available, false, 'still not on this map');
+});
+
+test('an armed lookup dies with its source: switched off, or its map gone', async (t) => {
+  const { layer, stack } = await withStreetView(t);
+  layer.setProviderEnabled('google', true);
+  await settle();
+  layer.armNearest(
+    { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+    { providerIds: ['google'], radiusM: 250 },
+  );
+  layer.setProviderEnabled('google', false);
+  assert.equal(
+    layer.getUIState().street.armed,
+    null,
+    'switching the source off clears it',
+  );
+  layer.setProviderEnabled('google', true);
+  layer.armNearest(
+    { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+    { providerIds: ['google'], radiusM: 250 },
+  );
+  // Lighting Mapillary instead (one source at a time) turns Google off too.
+  layer.setProviderEnabled('mapillary', true);
+  assert.equal(
+    layer.getUIState().street.armed,
+    null,
+    'another source lit clears it',
+  );
+  layer.setProviderEnabled('google', true);
+  layer.armNearest(
+    { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+    { providerIds: ['google'], radiusM: 250 },
+  );
+  // A map-stack notify that keeps Google 3D (a silent re-settle) keeps it.
+  stack.switchTo('photoreal');
+  assert.notEqual(
+    layer.getUIState().street.armed,
+    null,
+    'a notify on the same map keeps it',
+  );
+  stack.switchTo('osm');
+  assert.equal(
+    layer.getUIState().street.armed,
+    null,
+    'leaving Google 3D clears it',
+  );
+  // Arming notifies, so a panel can show the state.
+  let notified = 0;
+  const unsubscribe = layer.subscribe(() => notified++);
+  stack.switchTo('photoreal');
+  await settle();
+  const before = notified;
+  layer.armNearest({ lat: 1, lon: 2 }, { providerIds: ['google'] });
+  await settle();
+  assert.ok(notified > before, 'subscribers hear about the armed lookup');
+  unsubscribe();
+});
+
+test('a lookup armed with no point opens under the middle of the screen on the press', async (t) => {
+  const { createStreetLevelLayer: create } = await import('./index.js');
+  const scenePick = await import('../../data/scenePick.js');
+  const lookups = [];
+  const provider = fakeProvider({
+    nearestImage: async (point, options) => {
+      lookups.push({ ...point, radiusM: options?.radiusM ?? null });
+      return null;
+    },
+  });
+  const saved = globalThis.document;
+  const drawing = new Proxy({}, { get: () => () => ({ addColorStop() {} }) });
+  globalThis.document = Object.assign(new EventTarget(), {
+    createElement: () => ({ getContext: () => drawing }),
+  });
+  const viewer = fakeViewer();
+  const centre = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-121.4937, 38.5799, 0);
+  Object.assign(viewer.scene, {
+    pickPositionSupported: true,
+    pickPosition: (at) => (at.x === 500 && at.y === 300 ? centre : undefined),
+  });
+  viewer.scene.canvas.clientWidth = 1000;
+  viewer.scene.canvas.clientHeight = 600;
+  // Registered before the layer exists, so a throwing create() still
+  // restores the document; destroy() runs first, while the stub is in place.
+  let layer = null;
+  t.after(() => {
+    layer?.destroy();
+    globalThis.document = saved;
+  });
+  layer = create({ providers: [provider], services: { scenePick } });
+  layer.init(viewer);
+  layer.enable(viewer);
+  layer.armNearest(null, { providerIds: [provider.id], radiusM: 250 });
+  assert.equal(
+    layer.getUIState().street.armed.point,
+    null,
+    'no point stored, not 0,0',
+  );
+  await layer.openNearest(undefined, { aim: 'screen-centre' });
+  assert.equal(lookups.length, 1);
+  assert.ok(
+    Math.abs(lookups[0].lat - 38.5799) < 1e-9,
+    'the screen centre, not Null Island',
+  );
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(lookups[0].lon - -121.4937) < 1e-9);
+  assert.equal(lookups[0].radiusM, 250, 'with the armed radius');
+});
+
+test('the action over the real layer: a billed link arms without a lookup, and one press makes exactly one at the point', async (t) => {
+  const { layer, fake, viewer } = await withStreetView(t);
+  // The runner wires pointer tracking to the clock and camera.
+  viewer.clock ??= { onTick: { addEventListener: () => () => {} } };
+  viewer.camera.moveEnd ??= { addEventListener() {} };
+  const dataManager = {
+    layers: new Map([['street-level', { module: layer }]]),
+    isEnabled: () => true,
+    getLayerParams: () => layer.getParams(),
+    setLayerParams: (_id, params) => {
+      layer.setParams(params);
+      return true;
+    },
+    getAll: () => [{ id: 'street-level', name: 'Street Level', enabled: true }],
+  };
+  const styleManager = {
+    mapStackController: { getActiveId: () => 'photoreal' },
+    setMapStack: async () => ({ ok: true, activeStack: 'photoreal' }),
+  };
+  const runner = createGevActionRunner({ viewer, styleManager, dataManager });
+  const before = fake.lookups.length;
+  const armed = await runner('show_street_level', {
+    latitude: 38.57986,
+    longitude: -121.49372,
+    provider: 'google',
+    fly: false,
+    autoOpen: false,
+  });
+  assert.equal(armed.ok, true, armed.error);
+  assert.equal(armed.armed, true);
+  assert.equal(armed.providerName, 'Google Street View');
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(fake.lookups.length, before, 'arming made no Google request');
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    layer
+      .getUIState()
+      .providers.filter((p) => p.on)
+      .map((p) => p.id),
+    ['google'],
+  );
+  assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.open, false);
+  // The OPEN button.
+  assert.equal(
+    await layer.openNearest(undefined, {
+      providerIds: ['google'],
+      frame: false,
+      aim: 'screen-centre',
+    }),
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.equal(fake.lookups.length, before + 1, 'one request for the press');
+  assert.deepEqual(fake.lookups.at(-1).location, {
+    lat: 38.57986,
+    lng: -121.49372,
+  });
+  assert.equal(fake.lookups.at(-1).radius, 250);
+  assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.imageId, 'pano-a');
+  // The same call without the gate opens at once, with one request.
+  layer.closeViewer();
+  const opened = await runner('show_street_level', {
+    latitude: 38.57986,
+    longitude: -121.49372,
+    provider: 'google',
+    fly: false,
+  });
+  assert.equal(opened.ok, true, opened.error);
+  assert.equal(opened.imageId, 'pano-a');
+  assert.equal(fake.lookups.length, before + 2);
+});
+
+test('coverageLines hands back what a provider draws, and nothing for providers without lines', async (t) => {
+  const drawing = fakeProvider();
+  const create = drawing.create;
+  drawing.create = (context) => ({
+    ...create(context),
+    coverageLines: () => [
+      {
+        id: 's1',
+        parts: [
+          [
+            [1, 2],
+            [1, 2.001],
+          ],
+        ],
+      },
+    ],
+  });
+  const { layer } = await enabledLayer(t, [drawing]);
+  assert.deepEqual(layer.coverageLines(drawing.id), [
+    {
+      id: 's1',
+      parts: [
+        [
+          [1, 2],
+          [1, 2.001],
+        ],
+      ],
+    },
+  ]);
+  assert.deepEqual(layer.coverageLines('nope'), []);
+});
+
+test('coverageLines is empty for a provider that draws no coverage', async (t) => {
+  const { layer } = await enabledLayer(t, [fakeProvider()]);
+  assert.deepEqual(layer.coverageLines(fakeProvider().id), []);
+});
+
+test('openNearest keeps honouring the caller after the lookup: an abort while the viewer loads opens nothing', async (t) => {
+  let releaseMount = null;
+  const provider = fakeProvider({ nearestImage: async () => 'img-1' });
+  const create = provider.create;
+  provider.create = (context) => {
+    const instance = create(context);
+    const mount = instance.viewer.mount;
+    instance.viewer.mount = async (...args) => {
+      await new Promise((resolve) => {
+        releaseMount = resolve;
+      });
+      return mount(...args);
+    };
+    return instance;
+  };
+  const { layer } = await enabledLayer(t, [provider]);
+  const { fakeHost } =
+    await import('../../testSupport/googleStreetViewFakes.mjs');
+  layer.attachViewerHost(fakeHost());
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  const pending = layer.openNearest(
+    { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+    { frame: false, signal: controller.signal },
+  );
+  for (let i = 0; i < 20 && !releaseMount; i++) await settle();
+  assert.ok(releaseMount, 'the lookup answered and the viewer is mounting');
+  controller.abort();
+  releaseMount();
+  assert.equal(await pending, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(provider.calls.open, [], 'the photo was never opened');
+  assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.open, false);
+  assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.loading, false);
+});
+
+test('an aborted older lookup leaves its replacement’s spinner alone', async (t) => {
+  const answers = [];
+  const provider = fakeProvider({
+    nearestImage: (_point, { signal } = {}) =>
+      new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        answers.push(resolve);
+        signal?.addEventListener('abort', () =>
+          reject(Object.assign(new Error('aborted'), { name: 'AbortError' })),
+        );
+      }),
+  });
+  const { layer } = await enabledLayer(t, [provider]);
+  const { fakeHost } =
+    await import('../../testSupport/googleStreetViewFakes.mjs');
+  layer.attachViewerHost(fakeHost());
+  const older = new AbortController();
+  const first = layer.openNearest(
+    { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+    { frame: false, signal: older.signal },
+  );
+  await settle();
+  // A newer request replaces it, and its caller withdraws the old one too.
+  const second = layer.openNearest({ lat: 3, lon: 4 }, { frame: false });
+  older.abort();
+  assert.equal(await first, false);
+  assert.equal(
+    layer.getUIState().street.loading,
+    true,
+    'the newer lookup is still loading',
+  );
+  answers.at(-1)(null);
+  assert.equal(await second, false);
+  assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.loading, false);
+  assert.match(
+    layer.getUIState().street.error,
+    /No street-level imagery/,
+    'the newer lookup reports its own result',
+  );
+});
+
+test('show_street_level opens a KartaView photo, and a plain link opens it at once since it is not billed', async (t) => {
+  const mapillary = fakeProvider();
+  let nearest = 'kv-1';
+  const kartaview = fakeProvider({
+    id: 'kartaview',
+    pickPrefix: 'kv:',
+    nearestImage: async () => nearest,
+  });
+  kartaview.name = 'KartaView';
+  kartaview.label = 'KARTAVIEW';
+  kartaview.defaultOn = false;
+  // As the real provider: 360° / flat and SINCE (the setFilter log stays in
+  // the fake's closure).
+  kartaview.filters = Object.freeze(['pano', 'since']);
+  const { layer, viewer } = await enabledLayer(t, [mapillary, kartaview]);
+  const { fakeHost } =
+    await import('../../testSupport/googleStreetViewFakes.mjs');
+  layer.attachViewerHost(fakeHost());
+  viewer.clock ??= { onTick: { addEventListener: () => () => {} } };
+  viewer.camera.moveEnd ??= { addEventListener() {} };
+  const dataManager = {
+    layers: new Map([['street-level', { module: layer }]]),
+    isEnabled: () => true,
+    getLayerParams: () => layer.getParams(),
+    setLayerParams: (_id, params) => {
+      layer.setParams(params);
+      return true;
+    },
+    getAll: () => [{ id: 'street-level', name: 'Street Level', enabled: true }],
+  };
+  const styleManager = {
+    mapStackController: { getActiveId: () => 'osm' },
+    setMapStack: async () => ({ ok: false, error: 'no map switch expected' }),
+  };
+  const runner = createGevActionRunner({ viewer, styleManager, dataManager });
+  // The way a plain sl=kartaview link calls it: autoOpen false.
+  const result = await runner('show_street_level', {
+    latitude: 52.52,
+    longitude: 13.405,
+    provider: 'kartaview',
+    fly: false,
+    autoOpen: false,
+  });
+  assert.equal(result.ok, true, result.error);
+  assert.equal(result.armed, undefined, 'not armed: KartaView bills nothing');
+  assert.equal(result.provider, 'kartaview');
+  assert.equal(result.providerName, 'KartaView');
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    layer
+      .getUIState()
+      .providers.filter((p) => p.on)
+      .map((p) => p.id),
+    ['kartaview'],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(kartaview.calls.open, ['kv-1']);
+  assert.equal(layer.providerStatus('kartaview').billed, false);
+  assert.equal(layer.requiredMapStack('kartaview'), null);
+
+  // With 360° only on, an empty search names the filter, not just "no imagery".
+  layer.closeViewer?.();
+  layer.setParams({ pano: 'pano' });
+  nearest = null;
+  const empty = await runner('show_street_level', {
+    latitude: 52.52,
+    longitude: 13.405,
+    provider: 'kartaview',
+    fly: false,
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual([empty.ok, empty.stage], [false, 'imagery']);
+  assert.equal(empty.filter?.pano, 'pano');
+  assert.match(empty.error, /with the 360° filter on$/);
+  layer.setParams({ pano: 'all' });
+  const plain = await runner('show_street_level', {
+    latitude: 52.52,
+    longitude: 13.405,
+    provider: 'kartaview',
+    fly: false,
+  });
+  assert.equal(plain.ok, false);
+  assert.equal(plain.filter, undefined, 'no filter, no hint');
+  assert.doesNotMatch(plain.error, /filter/);
+});
+
+test('show_street_level switches from KartaView to Panoramax and opens its photo at once, unbilled', async (t) => {
+  const mapillary = fakeProvider();
+  const kartaview = fakeProvider({ id: 'kartaview', pickPrefix: 'kv:' });
+  kartaview.name = 'KartaView';
+  kartaview.defaultOn = false;
+  const panoramax = fakeProvider({
+    id: 'panoramax',
+    pickPrefix: 'px:',
+    nearestImage: async () => 'px-1',
+  });
+  panoramax.name = 'Panoramax';
+  panoramax.label = 'PANORAMAX';
+  panoramax.defaultOn = false;
+  const { layer, viewer } = await enabledLayer(t, [
+    mapillary,
+    kartaview,
+    panoramax,
+  ]);
+  const { fakeHost } =
+    await import('../../testSupport/googleStreetViewFakes.mjs');
+  layer.attachViewerHost(fakeHost());
+  viewer.clock ??= { onTick: { addEventListener: () => () => {} } };
+  viewer.camera.moveEnd ??= { addEventListener() {} };
+  layer.setParams({ mapillary: false, kartaview: true, panoramax: false });
+  const dataManager = {
+    layers: new Map([['street-level', { module: layer }]]),
+    isEnabled: () => true,
+    getLayerParams: () => layer.getParams(),
+    setLayerParams: (_id, params) => {
+      layer.setParams(params);
+      return true;
+    },
+    getAll: () => [{ id: 'street-level', name: 'Street Level', enabled: true }],
+  };
+  const styleManager = {
+    mapStackController: { getActiveId: () => 'osm' },
+    setMapStack: async () => ({ ok: false, error: 'no map switch expected' }),
+  };
+  const runner = createGevActionRunner({ viewer, styleManager, dataManager });
+  // The way a plain sl=panoramax link calls it: autoOpen false.
+  const result = await runner('show_street_level', {
+    latitude: 48.8874,
+    longitude: 2.3495,
+    provider: 'panoramax',
+    fly: false,
+    autoOpen: false,
+  });
+  assert.equal(result.ok, true, result.error);
+  assert.equal(result.armed, undefined, 'not armed: Panoramax bills nothing');
+  assert.equal(result.providerName, 'Panoramax');
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    layer
+      .getUIState()
+      .providers.filter((p) => p.on)
+      .map((p) => p.id),
+    ['panoramax'],
+    'KartaView switched off',
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(panoramax.calls.open, ['px-1']);
+  assert.deepEqual(kartaview.calls.open, [], 'nothing asked of KartaView');
+  assert.equal(layer.providerStatus('panoramax').billed, false);
+  assert.equal(layer.requiredMapStack('panoramax'), null);
+});
+
 test('the panel says why a lit Street View draws nothing off Google 3D', async (t) => {
   const { presentStreetLevelPanel } =
     await import('../../ui/streetLevelPresentation.js');
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.js
index bab1af46d..b71fe7cd7 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.js
@@ -531,6 +531,25 @@ export function createLineCoverage({
     };
   }
 
+  /**
+   * The sequence lines drawn now, as `[lon, lat]` parts per sequence: for
+   * diagnostics and the browser gate, which aims its clicks at them instead
+   * of scanning pixels: what each tile drew (`attachPrimitive` keeps it in
+   * `entry.sequences`). Read-only copies.
+   */
+  function drawnLines() {
+    const lines = [];
+    for (const entry of state.coverage.tiles.values())
+      for (const sequence of entry.sequences.values())
+        lines.push({
+          id: sequence.id,
+          parts: (sequence.parts || []).map((part) =>
+            part.map(([lon, lat]) => [lon, lat]),
+          ),
+        });
+    return lines;
+  }
+
   return {
     attach,
     detach,
@@ -543,5 +562,6 @@ export function createLineCoverage({
     highlight,
     sequenceCount,
     stats,
+    drawnLines,
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.test.mjs
index 60bae7eb3..dd9282119 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.test.mjs
@@ -654,3 +654,67 @@ test('the selected sequence is drawn and highlighted even past the per-tile cap'
   assert.ok(state.coverage.highlight, 'the selected line is highlighted');
   coverage.clear();
 });
+
+test('drawnLines reports the lines on the globe as [lon, lat] copies, filtered like the drawing', async () => {
+  const { source, state, coverage, centre } = setup();
+  assert.deepEqual(coverage.drawnLines(), [], 'nothing before a tile');
+  const sequences = [
+    {
+      id: 'flat-1',
+      parts: [
+        [
+          [centre.lon - 0.001, centre.lat],
+          [centre.lon + 0.001, centre.lat],
+        ],
+      ],
+      capturedAt: 2_000_000_000_000,
+    },
+    {
+      id: 'pano-1',
+      parts: [
+        [
+          [centre.lon, centre.lat - 0.001],
+          [centre.lon, centre.lat],
+          [centre.lon, centre.lat + 0.001],
+        ],
+      ],
+      capturedAt: 1_000_000_000_000,
+      isPano: true,
+    },
+  ];
+  state.filter = { pano: 'pano', sinceDays: 0 };
+  coverage.refresh();
+  source.calls[0].resolve(encodeCoverageTile(centre.tile, { sequences }));
+  await settle();
+  const lines = coverage.drawnLines();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    lines.map((line) => line.id),
+    ['pano-1'],
+    'only the drawn (filtered) lines',
+  );
+  assert.equal(lines[0].parts.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(lines[0].parts[0].length, 3);
+  // Tile coordinates are quantised to the tile grid (a few metres at z14).
+  const [midLon, midLat] = lines[0].parts[0][1];
+  assert.ok(
+    Math.abs(midLon - centre.lon) < 1e-4 &&
+      Math.abs(midLat - centre.lat) < 1e-4,
+    `coordinates as [lon, lat]: ${midLon}, ${midLat} vs ${centre.lon}, ${centre.lat}`,
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    lines[0].parts[0][0][1] < lines[0].parts[0][2][1],
+    'vertex order kept: south to north',
+  );
+  // Copies: a caller cannot bend the drawn line.
+  lines[0].parts[0][1][0] = 0;
+  assert.notEqual(coverage.drawnLines()[0].parts[0][1][0], 0);
+  state.filter = { pano: 'all', sinceDays: 0 };
+  coverage.rebuild();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    coverage
+      .drawnLines()
+      .map((line) => line.id)
+      .sort(),
+    ['flat-1', 'pano-1'],
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/policy.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/policy.js
index 4bf7f953d..e135307e7 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/policy.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/policy.js
@@ -40,6 +40,14 @@ export const FILTER_DEFAULT = Object.freeze({ pano: 'all', sinceDays: 0 });
 /** Nearest-image search radius in metres. */
 export const NEAREST_RADIUS_M = 50;
 
+/**
+ * Widest nearest-image radius a caller may ask for, in metres. A geocoded
+ * landmark sits at its centroid, often further than 50 m from the nearest
+ * street; providers that can search wider (Google) honour it, the rest keep
+ * their own cap.
+ */
+export const NEAREST_RADIUS_MAX_M = 250;
+
 /** The Google 3D map stack: Street View may be shown only on it. */
 export const GOOGLE_3D_MAP_STACK_ID = 'photoreal';
 
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/google/index.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/google/index.js
index d32ee95f6..8af24275c 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/google/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/google/index.js
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
   GROUND_CLICK_HINT,
   KEY_REJECTED_MESSAGE,
   NEAREST_RADIUS_M,
+  NEAREST_RADIUS_MAX_M,
   NEAREST_TIMEOUT_MS,
   NO_ANSWER_MESSAGE,
   PICK_PREFIX,
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ export function createGoogleProvider({
     requiresMapStack: GOOGLE_3D_MAP_STACK_ID,
     // Every panorama is billed to the Maps key.
     defaultOn: false,
+    billedPerImage: true,
     // All 360°, and no coverage for a date filter to thin.
     filters: [],
     marker: Object.freeze({ kind: 'view-cone', color: COLORS.coverage }),
@@ -136,8 +138,12 @@ export function createGoogleProvider({
          * Nearest Google-collected outdoor panorama, or null. The imagery
          * filters do not apply (see `filters`).
          */
-        async nearestImage({ lat, lon }, { signal } = {}) {
+        async nearestImage({ lat, lon }, { signal, radiusM } = {}) {
           if (loader.authFailed()) throw new Error(KEY_REJECTED_MESSAGE);
+          // Wider than the shared default only on request, never past the cap.
+          const radius = Number.isFinite(radiusM)
+            ? Math.min(NEAREST_RADIUS_MAX_M, Math.max(1, radiusM))
+            : NEAREST_RADIUS_M;
           signal?.throwIfAborted();
           // Set once the caller has its answer (aborted, timed out, refused):
           // a lookup still waiting on Google's script then asks nothing.
@@ -150,7 +156,7 @@ export function createGoogleProvider({
             try {
               const { data } = await service.getPanorama({
                 location: { lat, lng: lon },
-                radius: NEAREST_RADIUS_M,
+                radius,
                 // Both: Google's own imagery, outdoors (sources intersect).
                 sources: [GOOGLE, OUTDOOR],
                 preference: lib.StreetViewPreference.NEAREST,
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/google/policy.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/google/policy.js
index e0fa40cfb..d8ec0bb69 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/google/policy.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/google/policy.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { COLORS as SHARED_COLORS, PROVIDER_COLORS } from '../../policy.js';
 import { msg } from '../../../../i18n/index.js';
 
-export { NEAREST_RADIUS_M } from '../../policy.js';
+export { NEAREST_RADIUS_M, NEAREST_RADIUS_MAX_M } from '../../policy.js';
 
 export const GOOGLE_PROVIDER_ID = 'google';
 export const GOOGLE_NAME = msg('Google Street View');
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/google/provider.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/google/provider.test.mjs
index 3314f0048..a78d9201f 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/google/provider.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/google/provider.test.mjs
@@ -291,3 +291,13 @@ test('the panorama a lookup found is dated without a second lookup', async () =>
     'no getPanorama({pano}) for a panorama the lookup already described',
   );
 });
+
+test('a wider lookup radius is honoured up to the cap', async () => {
+  const { instance, fake } = setup();
+  await instance.nearestImage({ lat: 38.58, lon: -121.49 }, { radiusM: 250 });
+  assert.equal(fake.lookups.at(-1).radius, 250);
+  await instance.nearestImage({ lat: 38.58, lon: -121.49 }, { radiusM: 9999 });
+  assert.equal(fake.lookups.at(-1).radius, 250);
+  await instance.nearestImage({ lat: 38.58, lon: -121.49 }, { radiusM: NaN });
+  assert.equal(fake.lookups.at(-1).radius, 50);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/kartaview/index.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/kartaview/index.js
index 6e75f967a..523f6920c 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/kartaview/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/kartaview/index.js
@@ -535,6 +535,7 @@ export function createKartaViewProvider({
           loading: state.sequence.loading,
           error: state.sequence.error,
         }),
+        coverageLines: () => coverage.drawnLines(),
 
         /**
          * The nearest photo within the search radius that can be shown, or
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js
index 928922195..901df886c 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js
@@ -191,6 +191,7 @@ export function createMapillaryProvider({ source, photoViewer = null }) {
           loading: state.sequence.loading,
           error: state.sequence.error,
         }),
+        coverageLines: () => parts.coverage.drawnLines(),
 
         viewer:
           photoViewer ||
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/panoramax/index.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/panoramax/index.js
index e855c9c72..805d304b9 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/panoramax/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/panoramax/index.js
@@ -526,6 +526,9 @@ export function createPanoramaxProvider({
           cones.clearSelection();
           drawn = null;
         },
+        // The lines drawn now (current and stale tiles), as [lon, lat]
+        // parts, for diagnostics and the browser gate's line clicks.
+        coverageLines: () => coverage.drawnLines(),
         sequenceStats: () => ({
           selectedId: state.sequence.selectedId,
           images: state.sequence.images.length,
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/panoramax/provider.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/panoramax/provider.test.mjs
index 628805ce1..4ad4e9655 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/panoramax/provider.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/panoramax/provider.test.mjs
@@ -1182,3 +1182,9 @@ test('a busy or timed-out tile keeps its own message; only a body that is not a
     assert.equal(env.instance.sequenceStats().error, failure.message);
   }
 });
+
+test('coverageLines exposes the drawn lines, none before any tile', () => {
+  const { instance } = setup();
+  assert.equal(typeof instance.coverageLines, 'function');
+  assert.deepEqual(instance.coverageLines(), []);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/registry.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/registry.js
index 5e51929a6..2c3fe42ca 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/registry.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/registry.js
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ export function filtersOf(provider) {
  * @property {boolean} [groundClick]   No coverage: a ground click at street zoom opens its nearest image.
  * @property {string} [requiresMapStack]   Usable only on this map stack.
  * @property {boolean} [defaultOn]     Default true; the first that defaults on is lit.
+ * @property {boolean} [billedPerImage]   Every image load costs the key's owner: a link never opens one without a click.
  * @property {{kind: 'view-cone', color: string}} [marker]   Default: GEV's pin.
  * @property {Array<'pano'|'since'>} [filters]   Filters it honours (default both).
  * @property {{noun: string, action: string}} [coverageLabel]   How the panel counts its lines and says what a click does (default: sequences, "click a line for its photos").
@@ -48,7 +49,8 @@ export function filtersOf(provider) {
  * @property {(sequenceId: string) => Promise<void>} [selectSequence]
  * @property {() => void} [clearSequence]
  * @property {() => {selectedId: string|null, images: number, loading: boolean, error?: string|null}} [sequenceStats]
- * @property {(point: {lat: number, lon: number}, options?: {signal?: AbortSignal}) => Promise<string|null>} [nearestImage]   For ground clicks and `openNearest`; an aborted lookup gives up (it may reject with an AbortError).
+ * @property {() => Array<{id: string, parts: Array<Array<[number, number]>>}>} [coverageLines]   The coverage lines drawn now, as [lon, lat] parts (diagnostics and the browser gate).
+ * @property {(point: {lat: number, lon: number}, options?: {signal?: AbortSignal, radiusM?: number}) => Promise<string|null>} [nearestImage]   For ground clicks and `openNearest`; an aborted lookup gives up (it may reject with an AbortError). `radiusM` asks for a wider search than NEAREST_RADIUS_M; a provider that cannot search wider ignores it.
  * @property {ViewerAdapter} viewer
  *
  * @typedef {object} ViewerAdapter
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/state.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/state.js
index f9e5e4c88..7408b7dee 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/state.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/state.js
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ export function freshStreet() {
     externalUrl: null,
     loading: false,
     error: null,
+    // A lookup a link prepared but left to a click: {point, providerIds, radiusM}.
+    armed: null,
   };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.js
index 16c992afd..f56d2487f 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.js
@@ -99,12 +99,17 @@ export function createViewerHost({ state, parts }) {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Open an image: true once its first pose is in, false if it failed or was
-   * overtaken. `frame: false` leaves the camera where it is.
+   * Open an image: true once its first pose is in, false if it failed, was
+   * overtaken, or `signal` fired first. An abort while the viewer mounts or
+   * loads closes the photo: nothing opens for a request that was withdrawn.
    */
-  async function open(providerId, imageId, { frame = true } = {}) {
+  async function open(
+    providerId,
+    imageId,
+    { frame = true, signal = null } = {},
+  ) {
     const entry = state.providers.get(providerId);
-    if (!entry || !imageId) return false;
+    if (!entry || !imageId || signal?.aborted) return false;
     if (!state.street.host) {
       // A nearest-image lookup may have set it; nothing is loading now.
       state.street.loading = false;
@@ -115,6 +120,10 @@ export function createViewerHost({ state, parts }) {
     }
     const seq = ++openSeq;
     const current = () => seq === openSeq;
+    const onAbort = () => {
+      if (current()) close();
+    };
+    signal?.addEventListener('abort', onAbort, { once: true });
     // Claimed now, honoured after loading only if nothing newer took the camera.
     const ticket = frame ? parts.framing.begin() : null;
     Object.assign(state.street, {
@@ -138,6 +147,7 @@ export function createViewerHost({ state, parts }) {
       if (current())
         state.street.error = error?.message || msg('Image could not be opened');
     } finally {
+      signal?.removeEventListener('abort', onAbort);
       if (current()) state.street.loading = false;
       notify();
     }
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.test.mjs
index fdcb74e21..c7e7d0007 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.test.mjs
@@ -557,6 +557,51 @@ test('an adapter that can frame but says this image has no frame offers no FIT /
   assert.equal(state.street.renderModes, true, 'a flat image can be framed');
 });
 
+test('a caller that withdraws while the viewer is still mounting gets no photo', async () => {
+  const gate = deferred();
+  const adapter = fakeAdapter({ gate });
+  const { state, host } = harness(adapter);
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  const pending = host.open('mapillary', 'a', { signal: controller.signal });
+  assert.equal(state.street.open, true, 'opening');
+  controller.abort(); // the library is still loading
+  gate.resolve();
+  assert.equal(await pending, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(adapter.calls.open, [], 'the image was never opened');
+  assert.equal(state.street.open, false, 'the photo is closed');
+  assert.equal(state.street.loading, false, 'no stuck spinner');
+  assert.equal(state.street.imageId, null);
+});
+
+test('a caller that withdraws while the photo is loading gets it closed', async () => {
+  const openGate = deferred();
+  const adapter = fakeAdapter({ openGate });
+  const { state, host } = harness(adapter);
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  const pending = host.open('mapillary', 'a', { signal: controller.signal });
+  await settle();
+  assert.deepEqual(adapter.calls.open, ['a'], 'loading');
+  controller.abort();
+  openGate.resolve();
+  assert.equal(await pending, false);
+  assert.equal(state.street.open, false, 'the withdrawn photo is closed');
+  assert.equal(state.street.imageId, null);
+  // An already-withdrawn request asks nothing at all.
+  const done = new AbortController();
+  done.abort();
+  assert.equal(
+    await host.open('mapillary', 'b', { signal: done.signal }),
+    false,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(adapter.calls.open, ['a']);
+  // A signal that never fires changes nothing.
+  assert.equal(
+    await host.open('mapillary', 'c', { signal: new AbortController().signal }),
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.equal(state.street.imageId, 'c');
+});
+
 test('a pose’s licence reaches the caption state, and a closed viewer forgets it', async () => {
   const { state, host, google } = twoProviders();
   await host.open('google', 'g-1');
diff --git a/src/locations.js b/src/locations.js
index d17186905..5da9432c4 100644
--- a/src/locations.js
+++ b/src/locations.js
@@ -380,6 +380,8 @@ export async function searchAndFlyTo(viewer, query, options = {}) {
       });
       return {
         label,
+        latitude: lat,
+        longitude: lng,
         navigationMode: 'natural-region-swath',
         rangeM: swath.rangeM,
       };
@@ -415,6 +417,8 @@ export async function searchAndFlyTo(viewer, query, options = {}) {
     if (flight) {
       return {
         label,
+        latitude: lat,
+        longitude: lng,
         navigationMode,
         rangeM: null,
       };
@@ -468,6 +472,8 @@ export async function searchAndFlyTo(viewer, query, options = {}) {
   });
   return {
     label,
+    latitude: lat,
+    longitude: lng,
     navigationMode: requestedRange
       ? 'explicit-range'
       : options.forceClose
diff --git a/src/locations.test.mjs b/src/locations.test.mjs
index 8d2a9503c..10e3b53fb 100644
--- a/src/locations.test.mjs
+++ b/src/locations.test.mjs
@@ -778,3 +778,35 @@ test('a precise search without an outline frames against the resolved ground, no
   const eye = target.height + flight.offset.range * Math.sin(-flight.offset.pitch);
   assert.ok(eye > 171 + 100, `eye ${eye} must clear the 171 m surface`);
 });
+
+test('searchAndFlyTo reports the place it flew to, whichever framing it chose', async () => {
+  // A city frames its viewport.
+  const city = await runSearch(stubViewer(), {});
+  assert.equal(city.latitude, 30.2672);
+  assert.equal(city.longitude, -97.7431);
+  // A precise place flies to a landmark.
+  const place = await runSearch(stubViewer(), {}, {
+    query: 'Texas State Capitol',
+    result: {
+      formatted_address: '1100 Congress Ave, Austin, TX',
+      types: ['establishment', 'point_of_interest'],
+      geometry: { location: { lat: 30.2747, lng: -97.7403 } },
+    },
+  });
+  assert.equal(place.latitude, 30.2747);
+  assert.equal(place.longitude, -97.7403);
+  // A natural region frames a swath.
+  const region = await runSearch(stubViewer(), {}, {
+    query: 'Rocky Mountains',
+    result: {
+      formatted_address: 'Rocky Mountains',
+      types: ['natural_feature', 'establishment'],
+      geometry: {
+        location: { lat: 43.7, lng: -110.7 },
+        viewport: { southwest: { lat: 35, lng: -118 }, northeast: { lat: 52, lng: -104 } },
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  assert.equal(region.latitude, 43.7);
+  assert.equal(region.longitude, -110.7);
+});
diff --git a/src/radioMarkup.test.mjs b/src/radioMarkup.test.mjs
index 74a44e77d..552d3b417 100644
--- a/src/radioMarkup.test.mjs
+++ b/src/radioMarkup.test.mjs
@@ -25,11 +25,12 @@ const css = readStylesheet(new URL('../style.css', import.meta.url));
 
 function realtimeTools() { return GEV_REALTIME_TOOLS; }
 
-test('Realtime schema exposes the authoritative 31-tool inventory', () => {
+test('Realtime schema exposes the authoritative 32-tool inventory', () => {
   const tools = realtimeTools();
-  assert.equal(tools.length, 31);
+  assert.equal(tools.length, 32);
   const names = tools.map((tool) => tool.name);
-  assert.equal(new Set(names).size, 31, 'tool names are unique');
+  assert.equal(new Set(names).size, 32, 'tool names are unique');
+  assert.ok(names.includes('show_street_level'));
   assert.ok(names.includes('set_context_mode'));
   assert.ok(names.includes('control_cockpit'));
   assert.ok(names.includes('set_voice_inactivity_timeout'));
@@ -199,6 +200,8 @@ test('no unchanged Realtime tool definition drifts silently', () => {
     'track_entity',
     // Point-and-ask: 'pointer' sentinels and referent arguments.
     'annotate_map',
+    // Street-level photos: a new composite tool, not an edit to a shipped one.
+    'show_street_level',
   ]);
   const unchanged = realtimeTools()
     .filter((tool) => !TOUCHED.has(tool.name))
diff --git a/src/streetLevelMarkup.test.mjs b/src/streetLevelMarkup.test.mjs
index 7e2e32314..602a3b065 100644
--- a/src/streetLevelMarkup.test.mjs
+++ b/src/streetLevelMarkup.test.mjs
@@ -115,3 +115,17 @@ test('OPEN STREET VIEW keeps its width beside a long coverage line', () => {
   );
   assert.match(panelCss, /\.sl-meta-row \.sl-meta \{[^}]*min-width: 0;/);
 });
+
+test('embed mode shows an open photo over the globe, filling the overlay', () => {
+  const overlay = css.match(
+    /body\.ui-embed \.sl-viewer-wrap-embed \{([^}]*)\}/,
+  );
+  assert.ok(overlay, 'embed styles the viewer it moves over the globe');
+  for (const rule of ['position: fixed', 'inset: 12px', 'z-index: 1000'])
+    assert.ok(overlay[1].includes(rule), rule);
+  // The photo takes the overlay's height, as it does full screen.
+  assert.match(
+    css,
+    /body\.ui-embed \.sl-viewer-wrap-embed \.sl-viewer \{[^}]*flex: 1 1 auto/,
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/tools/queries/share.js b/src/tools/queries/share.js
index 5284e8a06..3de7902b0 100644
--- a/src/tools/queries/share.js
+++ b/src/tools/queries/share.js
@@ -47,10 +47,26 @@ export async function resolveViewArguments(args, { services, signal, tools }) {
     ? { ...args.camera }
     : { ...base.camera, ...args.camera };
   let label = null;
+  // Street-level photos open at the area's centre unless a point is given;
+  // a new area moves a passed-through view's photos with it.
+  let streetLevel =
+    args.street_level && typeof args.street_level === 'object'
+      ? { ...args.street_level }
+      : base.street_level && typeof base.street_level === 'object'
+        ? args.area
+          ? { provider: base.street_level.provider }
+          : { ...base.street_level }
+        : null;
   if (args.area) {
     const area = await resolveArea(args.area, { services, signal });
     label = area.label;
     const framed = cameraForArea(area);
+    if (
+      streetLevel &&
+      streetLevel.lat === undefined &&
+      streetLevel.lon === undefined
+    )
+      streetLevel = { ...streetLevel, lat: framed.lat, lon: framed.lon };
     // A tilted view of an area looks at its center from behind, unless the
     // caller placed the camera itself.
     camera =
@@ -84,6 +100,7 @@ export async function resolveViewArguments(args, { services, signal, tools }) {
       map: args.map ?? base.map ?? null,
       follow,
       annotations: args.annotations ?? base.annotations ?? [],
+      street_level: streetLevel,
     });
   } catch (error) {
     // A view passed through can hold anything; report it as bad arguments.
@@ -113,7 +130,9 @@ export const showInGodsEyeView = defineTool({
     'it. Pass the view another answer returned, or describe one: an area ' +
     'framed from above or a camera position, with chosen data layers, visual ' +
     'style and map, optionally following an aircraft (or riding in its ' +
-    'cockpit view) or a satellite, and with marks drawn on the map.',
+    'cockpit view) or a satellite, with marks drawn on the map, or opening ' +
+    'street-level photos (Google Street View, Mapillary, KartaView or ' +
+    'Panoramax) at a place.',
   inputSchema: {
     type: 'object',
     properties: VIEW_ARGUMENTS,
diff --git a/src/tools/queries/share.test.mjs b/src/tools/queries/share.test.mjs
index 7be532150..aac74a776 100644
--- a/src/tools/queries/share.test.mjs
+++ b/src/tools/queries/share.test.mjs
@@ -113,3 +113,104 @@ test('links carry a camera, style, map and an entity to follow', async () => {
     /Give a view, an area, or a camera with lat and lon/,
   );
 });
+
+test('links can open street-level photos at the area, on the map the source needs', async () => {
+  const { viewFromParams } = await import('../../view/index.js');
+  const catalog = composeCatalog({
+    tools: coreTools,
+    services: { app: { baseUrl: 'http://localhost:4173/' } },
+  });
+  const result = await catalog.call('show_in_gods_eye_view', {
+    area: { lat: 38.5799, lon: -121.4937, radius_km: 1 },
+    street_level: { provider: 'google' },
+  });
+  const { view } = result.data;
+  assert.equal(view.map, 'photoreal');
+  assert.deepEqual(view.layers, ['street-level']);
+  assert.deepEqual(view.street_level, {
+    provider: 'google',
+    lat: 38.5799,
+    lon: -121.4937,
+  });
+  const params = new URLSearchParams(new URL(result.data.url).hash.slice(1));
+  assert.equal(params.get('sl'), 'google,38.57990,-121.49370');
+  assert.equal(params.get('map'), 'photoreal');
+  assert.deepEqual(viewFromParams(params), view);
+
+  const point = await catalog.call('show_in_gods_eye_view', {
+    view,
+    street_level: { provider: 'mapillary', lat: 38.58, lon: -121.49 },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(point.data.view.street_level, {
+    provider: 'mapillary',
+    lat: 38.58,
+    lon: -121.49,
+  });
+  await assert.rejects(
+    catalog.call('show_in_gods_eye_view', {
+      area: { lat: 0, lon: 0, radius_km: 1 },
+      map: 'osm',
+      street_level: { provider: 'google' },
+    }),
+    /photoreal/,
+  );
+});
+
+test('a new area moves a passed-through view’s photos, and a tilted area still opens them at its centre', async () => {
+  const catalog = composeCatalog({
+    tools: coreTools,
+    services: { app: { baseUrl: 'http://localhost:4173/' } },
+  });
+  const first = await catalog.call('show_in_gods_eye_view', {
+    area: { lat: 38.5799, lon: -121.4937, radius_km: 1 },
+    street_level: { provider: 'google' },
+  });
+  const second = await catalog.call('show_in_gods_eye_view', {
+    view: first.data.view,
+    area: { lat: 42.3314, lon: -83.0458, radius_km: 1 },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(second.data.view.street_level, {
+    provider: 'google',
+    lat: 42.3314,
+    lon: -83.0458,
+  });
+  const tilted = await catalog.call('show_in_gods_eye_view', {
+    area: { lat: 48.8584, lon: 2.2945, radius_km: 1 },
+    camera: { pitch_deg: -30 },
+    street_level: { provider: 'mapillary' },
+  });
+  assert.notEqual(
+    tilted.data.view.camera.lat,
+    48.8584,
+    'the camera sits behind the target',
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(tilted.data.view.street_level, {
+    provider: 'mapillary',
+    lat: 48.8584,
+    lon: 2.2945,
+  });
+  await assert.rejects(
+    catalog.call('show_in_gods_eye_view', {
+      area: { lat: 0, lon: 0, radius_km: 1 },
+      follow: { kind: 'aircraft', id: 'AE1234' },
+      street_level: {},
+    }),
+    /cannot both follow/,
+  );
+});
+
+test('a view passed through alone keeps its street-level photos', async () => {
+  const catalog = composeCatalog({
+    tools: coreTools,
+    services: { app: { baseUrl: 'http://localhost:4173/' } },
+  });
+  const first = await catalog.call('show_in_gods_eye_view', {
+    area: { lat: 38.5799, lon: -121.4937, radius_km: 1 },
+    street_level: { provider: 'mapillary' },
+  });
+  const again = await catalog.call('show_in_gods_eye_view', {
+    view: first.data.view,
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(again.data.view.street_level, first.data.view.street_level);
+  assert.deepEqual(again.data.view, first.data.view);
+});
diff --git a/src/ui/applicationShell.js b/src/ui/applicationShell.js
index c3ad27c14..2dd75cd3b 100644
--- a/src/ui/applicationShell.js
+++ b/src/ui/applicationShell.js
@@ -1318,9 +1318,12 @@ export class StyleManager extends ShellFacade {
       };
     }
     if (!target.available) {
+      // The controller knows why (Google 3D: no Maps key; others: no ion token).
       return {
         ok: false,
-        error: `${target.label} requires a Cesium ion token`,
+        error:
+          target.unavailableReason ||
+          `${target.label} requires a Cesium ion token`,
         activeStack: this.mapStackController.getActiveId(),
       };
     }
diff --git a/src/ui/setMapStackReason.test.mjs b/src/ui/setMapStackReason.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca412116c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/setMapStackReason.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import test from 'node:test';
+import { StyleManager } from './applicationShell.js';
+
+test('an unavailable map stack reports the controller’s own reason, not always an ion token', async () => {
+  const controller = {
+    getStacks: () => [
+      {
+        id: 'photoreal',
+        label: 'Google 3D',
+        available: false,
+        unavailableReason: 'Google 3D needs GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY',
+      },
+      { id: 'bing-aerial', label: 'Bing aerial', available: false },
+    ],
+    getActiveId: () => 'osm',
+  };
+  const shell = { mapStackController: controller };
+  const photoreal = await StyleManager.prototype.setMapStack.call(
+    shell,
+    'photoreal',
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(photoreal, {
+    ok: false,
+    error: 'Google 3D needs GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY',
+    activeStack: 'osm',
+  });
+  const bing = await StyleManager.prototype.setMapStack.call(
+    shell,
+    'bing-aerial',
+  );
+  assert.equal(bing.error, 'Bing aerial requires a Cesium ion token');
+});
diff --git a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js
index d680bc00f..001157f7c 100644
--- a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js
+++ b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js
@@ -11,6 +11,11 @@ const RENDER_MODE_KEY = 'gev:street-level:render-mode';
 /** <body> classes of the modes that hide every panel; an expanded photo leaves with them. */
 const PANEL_HIDING_MODES = ['ui-clean-view', 'recording-mode', 'cockpit-mode'];
 
+/** True on an embedded page (`?embed=1` or the inline panel). */
+function isEmbedPage() {
+  return globalThis.document?.body?.classList?.contains('ui-embed') === true;
+}
+
 /**
  * Drives the Street Level panel body: provider chips, filters and viewer.
  * The panel view renders what this presents (`gev-street-level` store); the
@@ -137,6 +142,15 @@ export class StreetLevelControls {
       });
     }
     this.store.setExpandAvailable(Boolean(this._expandMode));
+    // Embed mode: Esc closes an open photo, since the rail it would go back to
+    // is hidden. Full screen keeps its own Esc (above), which leaves it first.
+    this.listen(document, 'keydown', (event) => {
+      if (event.key !== 'Escape' || !this._embedHome || this.isViewerExpanded())
+        return;
+      event.preventDefault();
+      event.stopPropagation();
+      this.layer.closeViewer?.();
+    });
     try {
       const stored = localStorage.getItem(RENDER_MODE_KEY);
       if (stored === 'fill' || stored === 'letterbox')
@@ -293,6 +307,32 @@ export class StreetLevelControls {
     this._requestResize();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Embed mode hides the right rail, panel and viewer with it: an open photo
+   * moves to <body> as an overlay on the globe (`sl-viewer-wrap-embed`, see
+   * embed.css) and returns to its place in the panel when it closes. The
+   * panel view keeps patching the wrap where it is: its siblings are static,
+   * so Vue never inserts next to it.
+   */
+  _syncEmbedOverlay(open) {
+    const wrap = this._elements.viewerWrap;
+    if (!wrap || !document.body) return;
+    const lift = open === true && isEmbedPage();
+    if (lift && !this._embedHome) {
+      this._embedHome = { parent: wrap.parentNode, next: wrap.nextSibling };
+      document.body.appendChild(wrap);
+      wrap.classList.add('sl-viewer-wrap-embed');
+      this._requestResize();
+    } else if (!lift && this._embedHome) {
+      wrap.classList.remove('sl-viewer-wrap-embed');
+      const { parent, next } = this._embedHome;
+      this._embedHome = null;
+      if (parent?.isConnected)
+        parent.insertBefore(wrap, next?.parentNode === parent ? next : null);
+      this._requestResize();
+    }
+  }
+
   connect() {
     this._unsubscribe?.();
     this._unsubscribe = null;
@@ -350,6 +390,9 @@ export class StreetLevelControls {
     const open = view.viewer.open;
     if (open && !this._wasOpen) this.setCollapsed(false, { persist: false });
     this._wasOpen = open;
+    // Embed mode hides the rail the panel sits in: an open photo is shown over
+    // the globe instead, and goes back into the panel when it closes.
+    this._syncEmbedOverlay(open);
   }
 
   destroy() {
@@ -362,6 +405,7 @@ export class StreetLevelControls {
     if (this._expandMode === 'popover')
       this._elements.viewerWrap?.removeAttribute('popover');
     this._watchPanelHidingModes(false);
+    this._syncEmbedOverlay(false);
     this.listeners.abort();
     this._resizeObserver?.disconnect();
     this._resizeObserver = null;
diff --git a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs
index 89b3c0964..9a38c0b98 100644
--- a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs
@@ -921,3 +921,103 @@ test('a window changed elsewhere under a focused SINCE thumb leaves its readout
     assert.equal(since.getAttribute('aria-valuetext'), label());
     controls.destroy();
   }));
+
+/** In embed mode, the viewer moved out of the hidden rail onto the globe. */
+const overGlobe = (dom) =>
+  dom.wrap.parentNode === dom.document.body &&
+  dom.wrap.classList.contains('sl-viewer-wrap-embed');
+
+const escape = () =>
+  document.dispatchEvent(
+    new KeyboardEvent('keydown', { key: 'Escape', bubbles: true }),
+  );
+
+test('in embed mode an open photo leaves the hidden rail for an overlay on the globe, and goes back when it closes', () =>
+  withDom(async (dom) => {
+    dom.document.body.classList.add('ui-embed');
+    const home = dom.wrap.parentNode;
+    const after = dom.wrap.nextSibling;
+    const { layer, controls } = await stubPanel(dom, uiState({ open: false }));
+    assert.equal(overGlobe(dom), false, 'nothing to show yet');
+    await layer.publish(uiState({ open: true }));
+    assert.equal(overGlobe(dom), true, 'shown over the globe');
+    assert.equal(dom.wrap.hidden, false, 'the panel view still renders it');
+    await layer.publish(uiState({ open: true, renderMode: 'fill' }));
+    assert.equal(overGlobe(dom), true, 'an update keeps it there');
+    assert.equal(
+      dom.wrap.querySelector('[aria-checked="true"]')?.textContent.trim(),
+      'FILL',
+      'and the panel view keeps patching it there',
+    );
+    await layer.publish(uiState({ open: false }));
+    assert.equal(overGlobe(dom), false);
+    assertSameNode(dom.wrap.parentNode, home, 'back in the panel');
+    assertSameNode(dom.wrap.nextSibling, after, 'in its own place');
+    assert.equal(dom.wrap.hidden, true);
+    controls.destroy();
+  }));
+
+test('outside embed mode a photo stays in the panel', () =>
+  withDom(async (dom) => {
+    const home = dom.wrap.parentNode;
+    const { layer, controls } = await stubPanel(dom, uiState({ open: false }));
+    await layer.publish(uiState({ open: true }));
+    assert.equal(overGlobe(dom), false);
+    assertSameNode(dom.wrap.parentNode, home);
+    controls.destroy();
+  }));
+
+test('in embed mode Esc closes the photo, and the next photo is shown over the globe again', () =>
+  withDom(async (dom) => {
+    dom.document.body.classList.add('ui-embed');
+    const { layer, controls } = await stubPanel(dom, uiState({ open: false }));
+    let closed = 0;
+    layer.closeViewer = () => {
+      closed++;
+      layer.publish(uiState({ open: false }));
+    };
+    await layer.publish(uiState({ open: true }));
+    escape();
+    await nextTick();
+    assert.equal(closed, 1, 'Esc closed the photo');
+    assert.equal(overGlobe(dom), false);
+    await layer.publish(uiState({ open: true }));
+    assert.equal(overGlobe(dom), true, 'the next photo is shown');
+    controls.destroy();
+  }));
+
+test('in embed mode Esc in full screen leaves full screen and keeps the photo', () =>
+  withDom(async (dom) => {
+    dom.document.body.classList.add('ui-embed');
+    const { layer, controls } = await stubPanel(dom, uiState({ open: false }));
+    let closed = 0;
+    layer.closeViewer = () => closed++;
+    await layer.publish(uiState({ open: true }));
+    await dom.wrap.requestFullscreen();
+    await settle();
+    assert.equal(controls.isViewerExpanded(), true);
+    escape();
+    assert.equal(closed, 0, 'the photo stays open');
+    controls.destroy();
+  }));
+
+test('outside embed mode Esc does not close a photo in the panel', () =>
+  withDom(async (dom) => {
+    const { layer, controls } = await stubPanel(dom, uiState({ open: true }));
+    let closed = 0;
+    layer.closeViewer = () => closed++;
+    escape();
+    assert.equal(closed, 0);
+    controls.destroy();
+  }));
+
+test('destroying the panel in embed mode puts an open photo back in the panel', () =>
+  withDom(async (dom) => {
+    dom.document.body.classList.add('ui-embed');
+    const home = dom.wrap.parentNode;
+    const { layer, controls } = await stubPanel(dom, uiState({ open: false }));
+    await layer.publish(uiState({ open: true }));
+    controls.destroy();
+    assert.equal(overGlobe(dom), false);
+    assertSameNode(dom.wrap.parentNode, home);
+  }));
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/embed.css b/src/ui/styles/embed.css
index 5528a76da..a376ac5da 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/embed.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/embed.css
@@ -13,3 +13,19 @@ body.ui-embed #world-overlay-actions,
 body.ui-embed #view-switcher {
   display: none !important;
 }
+
+/* Street-level photos: the rail that holds the panel is hidden here, so an
+   open photo shows over the globe (streetLevelControls moves the viewer). */
+body.ui-embed .sl-viewer-wrap-embed {
+  position: fixed;
+  inset: 12px;
+  z-index: 1000;
+}
+
+body.ui-embed .sl-viewer-wrap-embed .sl-viewer-stage,
+body.ui-embed .sl-viewer-wrap-embed .sl-viewer {
+  flex: 1 1 auto;
+  height: auto;
+  min-height: 0;
+  aspect-ratio: auto;
+}
diff --git a/src/view/index.js b/src/view/index.js
index 022914277..5caecdd70 100644
--- a/src/view/index.js
+++ b/src/view/index.js
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
   decodeLayerStateParams,
   encodeLayerStateParams,
 } from '../data/layerState.js';
+import { encodeIdSwitches } from '../data/idSwitches.js';
 import { RETIRED_STYLES } from '../visualStylePolicy.js';
 
 /** Visual styles by internal name, with the name share links use. */
@@ -65,6 +66,63 @@ const FOLLOWABLE = Object.freeze({
 
 export const VIEW_FOLLOW_KINDS = Object.freeze(Object.keys(FOLLOWABLE));
 
+/**
+ * Street-level imagery sources a view can open, the layer that shows them and
+ * the map a source needs (Google's terms allow Street View beside Google maps
+ * only). Literal here: this module stays portable.
+ */
+const STREET_LEVEL_LAYER = 'street-level';
+export const VIEW_STREET_LEVEL_PROVIDERS = Object.freeze([
+  'google',
+  'mapillary',
+  'kartaview',
+  'panoramax',
+]);
+const STREET_LEVEL_MAP = Object.freeze({ google: 'photoreal' });
+const STREET_LEVEL_PARAM = 'sl';
+const EARTH_RADIUS_M = 6_371_000;
+
+/** Above this a camera frames a region, not a street: photos open under it. */
+const LOOK_AT_MAX_ALTITUDE_M = 20_000;
+/** Flatter than this the look-at point is at the horizon: use the camera's. */
+const LOOK_AT_MIN_PITCH_DEG = -5;
+/** Further ahead than this the camera frames a region: use its own point. */
+const LOOK_AT_MAX_DISTANCE_M = 10_000;
+
+/**
+ * The ground point a street-scale camera looks at: straight below it when it
+ * looks down, else ahead along its heading by altitude / tan(pitch). A camera
+ * with no altitude, above street scale, aimed at the horizon, or looking
+ * further than 10 km ahead gives its own point. Longitude wraps at the
+ * antimeridian.
+ */
+function lookAtPoint(camera) {
+  const pitch = Number(camera.pitch_deg ?? -90);
+  const altitude = Number(camera.altitude_m);
+  if (
+    !(altitude > 0) ||
+    altitude > LOOK_AT_MAX_ALTITUDE_M ||
+    !(pitch > -89) ||
+    pitch > LOOK_AT_MIN_PITCH_DEG
+  )
+    return { lat: camera.lat, lon: camera.lon };
+  const ground = altitude / Math.tan((-pitch * Math.PI) / 180);
+  if (ground > LOOK_AT_MAX_DISTANCE_M)
+    return { lat: camera.lat, lon: camera.lon };
+  const heading = ((Number(camera.heading_deg) || 0) * Math.PI) / 180;
+  const dLat =
+    ((ground * Math.cos(heading)) / EARTH_RADIUS_M) * (180 / Math.PI);
+  const cosLat = Math.cos((camera.lat * Math.PI) / 180) || 1e-6;
+  const dLon =
+    ((ground * Math.sin(heading)) / (EARTH_RADIUS_M * cosLat)) *
+    (180 / Math.PI);
+  const lon = camera.lon + dLon;
+  return {
+    lat: clamp(camera.lat + dLat, -90, 90),
+    lon: lon > 180 ? lon - 360 : lon < -180 ? lon + 360 : lon,
+  };
+}
+
 /** Annotation kinds the app draws, as in its annotate_map action. */
 export const VIEW_ANNOTATION_TYPES = Object.freeze([
   'pin',
@@ -162,6 +220,21 @@ export const VIEW_PROPERTIES = Object.freeze({
       additionalProperties: false,
     },
   }),
+  street_level: Object.freeze({
+    type: 'object',
+    description:
+      'Open street-level photos at a point: Google Street View (google; the ' +
+      'map becomes Google 3D), Mapillary, KartaView or Panoramax. lat/lon ' +
+      'default to the spot the camera looks at. The app flies there and ' +
+      'opens the nearest photo; a plain link with google only arms it, ' +
+      'leaving the billed load to a click. Not with follow.',
+    properties: {
+      provider: { type: 'string', enum: [...VIEW_STREET_LEVEL_PROVIDERS] },
+      lat: { type: 'number', minimum: -90, maximum: 90 },
+      lon: { type: 'number', minimum: -180, maximum: 180 },
+    },
+    additionalProperties: false,
+  }),
   follow: Object.freeze({
     type: 'object',
     description:
@@ -251,6 +324,7 @@ export function createView({
   map = null,
   follow = null,
   annotations = [],
+  street_level: streetLevel = null,
 } = {}) {
   if (!Number.isFinite(camera?.lat) || !Number.isFinite(camera?.lon))
     throw new TypeError('A view needs a camera lat and lon');
@@ -264,10 +338,37 @@ export function createView({
     throw new TypeError(`Cannot follow a ${follow.kind}`);
   if (follow?.cockpit === true && !followed.cockpit)
     throw new TypeError(`A ${follow.kind} has no cockpit view`);
+  let street = null;
+  if (streetLevel) {
+    if (follow)
+      throw new TypeError(
+        'A view cannot both follow an entity and open street-level photos',
+      );
+    const provider = streetLevel.provider ?? null;
+    if (provider !== null && !VIEW_STREET_LEVEL_PROVIDERS.includes(provider))
+      throw new TypeError(`Unknown street-level source: ${provider}`);
+    const needs = provider ? STREET_LEVEL_MAP[provider] || null : null;
+    if (needs && map !== null && map !== needs)
+      throw new TypeError(
+        `${provider} street-level imagery shows only on the ${needs} map`,
+      );
+    if (needs) map = needs;
+    // The point defaults to where the camera looks: a view "of X" opens
+    // photos at X, also when the camera sits behind it.
+    const seen = lookAtPoint(camera);
+    const lat = latitude(streetLevel.lat) ?? seen.lat;
+    const lon = longitude(streetLevel.lon) ?? seen.lon;
+    street = Object.freeze({
+      ...(provider ? { provider } : {}),
+      lat: round(clamp(lat, -90, 90), 5),
+      lon: round(clamp(lon, -180, 180), 5),
+    });
+  }
   const enabled = new Set(
     layers.filter((layer) => REGISTERED_LAYER_IDS.includes(layer)),
   );
   if (followed) enabled.add(followed.layer);
+  if (street) enabled.add(STREET_LEVEL_LAYER);
   return Object.freeze({
     camera: Object.freeze({
       lat: round(clamp(camera.lat, -90, 90), 4),
@@ -296,6 +397,7 @@ export function createView({
         .map(annotationOf)
         .filter(Boolean),
     ),
+    street_level: street,
   });
 }
 
@@ -321,8 +423,29 @@ export function viewToParams(view) {
         ...state.options[followed.owner],
         [followed.key]: view.follow.id,
       };
+    // The restored layer lights the source the photos come from.
+    const provider = view.street_level?.provider;
+    if (provider)
+      state.options[STREET_LEVEL_LAYER] = {
+        ...state.options[STREET_LEVEL_LAYER],
+        mapillary: provider === 'mapillary',
+        providerSwitches: encodeIdSwitches(
+          VIEW_STREET_LEVEL_PROVIDERS.filter((id) => id !== 'mapillary').map(
+            (id) => [id, id === provider],
+          ),
+        ),
+      };
     encodeLayerStateParams(params, state);
   }
+  if (view.street_level)
+    params.set(
+      STREET_LEVEL_PARAM,
+      [
+        view.street_level.provider ?? '',
+        view.street_level.lat.toFixed(5),
+        view.street_level.lon.toFixed(5),
+      ].join(','),
+    );
   if (view.annotations.length) {
     const encoded = JSON.stringify(view.annotations);
     if (encoded.length <= MAX_ANNOTATION_PARAM_CHARS)
@@ -345,6 +468,40 @@ export function annotationsFromParams(params) {
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * The street-level photos a share link opens (`sl=<source>,<lat>,<lon>`, the
+ * source optional), or null.
+ */
+export function streetLevelFromParams(params) {
+  const raw = params.get(STREET_LEVEL_PARAM);
+  if (!raw) return null;
+  // Three fields, plain decimal degrees: that alone bounds the value.
+  const parts = raw.split(',');
+  if (parts.length !== 3) return null;
+  const [provider, lat, lon] = parts;
+  if (provider && !VIEW_STREET_LEVEL_PROVIDERS.includes(provider)) return null;
+  // Plain decimal degrees only: no exponents, hex or blanks.
+  const DECIMAL = /^-?\d{1,3}(\.\d{1,8})?$/;
+  if (!DECIMAL.test(lat) || !DECIMAL.test(lon)) return null;
+  const point = { lat: latitude(Number(lat)), lon: longitude(Number(lon)) };
+  if (point.lat === undefined || point.lon === undefined) return null;
+  return { ...(provider ? { provider } : {}), ...point };
+}
+
+/** The entity a decoded layer state follows, or null. */
+function followFromState(state) {
+  for (const [kind, followed] of Object.entries(FOLLOWABLE)) {
+    const id = state?.options?.[followed.owner]?.[followed.key];
+    if (id !== null && id !== undefined) return { kind, id: String(id) };
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/** The entity a share link follows, or null. */
+export function followFromParams(params) {
+  return followFromState(decodeLayerStateParams(params));
+}
+
 /** The view a set of share-link hash parameters restores, or null. */
 export function viewFromParams(params) {
   const lat = Number.parseFloat(params.get('lat'));
@@ -355,13 +512,12 @@ export function viewFromParams(params) {
     return Number.isFinite(value) ? value : undefined;
   };
   const state = decodeLayerStateParams(params);
-  let follow = null;
-  for (const [kind, followed] of Object.entries(FOLLOWABLE)) {
-    const id = state?.options?.[followed.owner]?.[followed.key];
-    if (id !== null && id !== undefined && !follow)
-      follow = { kind, id: String(id) };
-  }
+  const follow = followFromState(state);
   const map = params.get('map');
+  // A link is untrusted input: its photos win over a map their source cannot
+  // show on, and a followed entity keeps the camera.
+  const street = follow ? null : streetLevelFromParams(params);
+  const needs = street?.provider ? STREET_LEVEL_MAP[street.provider] : null;
   return createView({
     camera: {
       lat,
@@ -376,9 +532,10 @@ export function viewFromParams(params) {
       : Object.hasOwn(STYLES_BY_URL_NAME, params.get('style'))
         ? STYLES_BY_URL_NAME[params.get('style')]
         : null,
-    map: VIEW_MAPS.includes(map) ? map : null,
+    map: needs ? needs : VIEW_MAPS.includes(map) ? map : null,
     follow,
     annotations: annotationsFromParams(params),
+    street_level: street,
   });
 }
 
diff --git a/src/view/index.test.mjs b/src/view/index.test.mjs
index 66630e6a0..1389b058b 100644
--- a/src/view/index.test.mjs
+++ b/src/view/index.test.mjs
@@ -127,6 +127,379 @@ test('annotations travel in the link, keeping only what the app draws', async ()
   assert.equal(viewToParams(many).has('an'), false);
 });
 
+test('street-level photos travel in the link, light their source and bring their map', async () => {
+  const { streetLevelFromParams, VIEW_STREET_LEVEL_PROVIDERS } =
+    await import('./index.js');
+  const { decodeLayerStateParams } = await import('../data/layerState.js');
+  assert.deepEqual(VIEW_STREET_LEVEL_PROVIDERS, [
+    'google',
+    'mapillary',
+    'kartaview',
+    'panoramax',
+  ]);
+  const view = createView({
+    camera: { lat: 38.5799, lon: -121.4937, altitude_m: 400 },
+    street_level: { provider: 'google' },
+  });
+  assert.equal(view.map, 'photoreal', 'Street View brings Google 3D');
+  assert.deepEqual(view.layers, ['street-level']);
+  assert.deepEqual(view.street_level, {
+    provider: 'google',
+    lat: 38.5799,
+    lon: -121.4937,
+  });
+  const params = viewToParams(view);
+  assert.equal(params.get('sl'), 'google,38.57990,-121.49370');
+  assert.deepEqual(viewFromParams(params), view);
+  const state = decodeLayerStateParams(params);
+  assert.deepEqual(state.enabledLayerIds, ['street-level']);
+  assert.equal(state.options['street-level'].mapillary, false);
+  assert.equal(
+    state.options['street-level'].providerSwitches,
+    'google-1*kartaview-0*panoramax-0',
+    'Street View on, KartaView off',
+  );
+
+  const mapillary = createView({
+    camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+    map: 'osm',
+    street_level: { provider: 'mapillary', lat: 1.00001, lon: 2.00001 },
+  });
+  assert.equal(mapillary.map, 'osm', 'Mapillary shows on any map');
+  assert.deepEqual(viewFromParams(viewToParams(mapillary)), mapillary);
+  const lit = decodeLayerStateParams(viewToParams(mapillary)).options[
+    'street-level'
+  ];
+  assert.equal(lit.mapillary, true);
+  assert.equal(
+    lit.providerSwitches,
+    'google-0*kartaview-0*panoramax-0',
+    'a Mapillary link lights Mapillary only',
+  );
+  const anySource = createView({
+    camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+    street_level: {},
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(anySource.street_level, { lat: 1, lon: 2 });
+  assert.equal(viewToParams(anySource).get('sl'), ',1.00000,2.00000');
+  assert.deepEqual(viewFromParams(viewToParams(anySource)), anySource);
+
+  assert.throws(
+    () =>
+      createView({
+        camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+        map: 'osm',
+        street_level: { provider: 'google' },
+      }),
+    /photoreal/,
+  );
+  assert.throws(
+    () =>
+      createView({
+        camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+        street_level: { provider: 'openstreetcam' },
+      }),
+    /Unknown street-level source/,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    streetLevelFromParams(new URLSearchParams('sl=google,x,y')),
+    null,
+  );
+  assert.equal(streetLevelFromParams(new URLSearchParams('sl=bing,1,2')), null);
+  assert.equal(streetLevelFromParams(new URLSearchParams('lat=1')), null);
+  assert.equal(createView({ camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2 } }).street_level, null);
+});
+
+test('street-level photos: a tilted camera opens them where it looks, a link cannot pair them with the wrong map, and follow is refused', async () => {
+  const { streetLevelFromParams } = await import('./index.js');
+  // Looking north from 1,000 m at 45°: the ground point is ~1 km north.
+  const tilted = createView({
+    camera: {
+      lat: 48.8494,
+      lon: 2.2945,
+      altitude_m: 1000,
+      heading_deg: 0,
+      pitch_deg: -45,
+    },
+    street_level: { provider: 'google' },
+  });
+  assert.ok(
+    tilted.street_level.lat > 48.858 && tilted.street_level.lat < 48.859,
+    String(tilted.street_level.lat),
+  );
+  assert.equal(tilted.street_level.lon, 2.2945);
+  const down = createView({
+    camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2, altitude_m: 1000 },
+    street_level: {},
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(down.street_level, { lat: 1, lon: 2 });
+  // A hand-edited link: the photos win over the map.
+  const link = viewFromParams(
+    new URLSearchParams('v=2&lat=1&lon=2&map=osm&sl=google,1,2'),
+  );
+  assert.equal(link.map, 'photoreal');
+  assert.deepEqual(link.street_level, { provider: 'google', lat: 1, lon: 2 });
+  assert.throws(
+    () =>
+      createView({
+        camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+        follow: { kind: 'aircraft', id: 'a1' },
+        street_level: {},
+      }),
+    /cannot both follow/,
+  );
+  // A followed link drops its photos rather than fight over the camera.
+  const followed = viewFromParams(
+    viewToParams(
+      createView({
+        camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+        follow: { kind: 'satellite', id: '25544' },
+      }),
+    ),
+  );
+  assert.equal(followed.street_level, null);
+  // Strict parsing: three fields, real numbers, in range, bounded length.
+  for (const bad of [
+    'google,1',
+    'google,1,2,3',
+    'google,1abc,2',
+    'google,91,0',
+    'google,,2',
+    'google,1,2'.padEnd(65, '0'),
+  ])
+    assert.equal(
+      streetLevelFromParams(new URLSearchParams({ sl: bad })),
+      null,
+      bad,
+    );
+});
+
+test('the look-at default is street-scale only, follows the heading, and wraps at the antimeridian', async () => {
+  const { followFromParams, streetLevelFromParams } =
+    await import('./index.js');
+  const at = (camera) =>
+    createView({ camera, street_level: { provider: 'mapillary' } })
+      .street_level;
+  // Looking east from 1,000 m at 45° in Paris: ~1 km east is ~0.0137° of longitude.
+  const east = at({
+    lat: 48.85,
+    lon: 2.2945,
+    altitude_m: 1000,
+    heading_deg: 90,
+    pitch_deg: -45,
+  });
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(east.lon - (2.2945 + 0.01365)) < 0.0005, String(east.lon));
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(east.lat - 48.85) < 0.0002, String(east.lat));
+  // Looking west from the same place lands west.
+  assert.ok(
+    at({
+      lat: 48.85,
+      lon: 2.2945,
+      altitude_m: 1000,
+      heading_deg: 270,
+      pitch_deg: -45,
+    }).lon < 2.2945,
+  );
+  // At the horizon, with no altitude, or above street scale: the camera's own point.
+  assert.deepEqual(at({ lat: 1, lon: 2, altitude_m: 1000, pitch_deg: 0 }), {
+    provider: 'mapillary',
+    lat: 1,
+    lon: 2,
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(at({ lat: 1, lon: 2, pitch_deg: -30 }), {
+    provider: 'mapillary',
+    lat: 1,
+    lon: 2,
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(at({ lat: 1, lon: 2, altitude_m: 50_000, pitch_deg: -30 }), {
+    provider: 'mapillary',
+    lat: 1,
+    lon: 2,
+  });
+  // Across the antimeridian the longitude wraps instead of clamping.
+  const wrapped = at({
+    lat: 0,
+    lon: 179.999,
+    altitude_m: 1000,
+    heading_deg: 90,
+    pitch_deg: -45,
+  });
+  assert.ok(wrapped.lon < -179.9, String(wrapped.lon));
+
+  // A followed link keeps its camera: the photos are dropped even when both are in the hash.
+  const followed = viewToParams(
+    createView({
+      camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+      follow: { kind: 'satellite', id: '25544' },
+    }),
+  );
+  followed.set('sl', 'google,1.00000,2.00000');
+  assert.deepEqual(followFromParams(followed), {
+    kind: 'satellite',
+    id: '25544',
+  });
+  assert.equal(viewFromParams(followed).street_level, null);
+  assert.equal(followFromParams(new URLSearchParams('v=2&lat=1&lon=2')), null);
+
+  // Strict decimal degrees: no exponents, hex, blanks or over-long values.
+  for (const bad of [
+    'google,1e1,2',
+    'google,0x10,2',
+    'google, 1,2',
+    'google,1.,2',
+    `google,${'1.0000000'.padEnd(60, '0')},2`,
+  ])
+    assert.equal(
+      streetLevelFromParams(new URLSearchParams({ sl: bad })),
+      null,
+      bad,
+    );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    streetLevelFromParams(new URLSearchParams({ sl: ',-1.5,2' })),
+    { lat: -1.5, lon: 2 },
+  );
+});
+
+test('the look-at thresholds are pinned: 20 km up, -5° of pitch, 10 km ahead', () => {
+  const at = (camera) => createView({ camera, street_level: {} }).street_level;
+  const own = { lat: 1, lon: 2 };
+  const moved = (point) => point.lat !== own.lat || point.lon !== own.lon;
+  // Altitude ceiling, at a steep pitch that keeps the distance under 10 km.
+  assert.ok(
+    moved(at({ ...own, altitude_m: 19_999, pitch_deg: -70 })),
+    '19,999 m applies',
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    !moved(at({ ...own, altitude_m: 20_001, pitch_deg: -70 })),
+    '20,001 m does not',
+  );
+  // Pitch cutoff, at 100 m so the distance cap cannot decide it (1.4 km ahead).
+  assert.ok(
+    moved(at({ ...own, altitude_m: 100, pitch_deg: -6 })),
+    '-6° applies',
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    !moved(at({ ...own, altitude_m: 100, pitch_deg: -4 })),
+    '-4° does not',
+  );
+  // Distance cap, pinned either side of 10 km at 1,000 m: -5.8° looks 9.84 km
+  // ahead, -5.6° 10.2 km.
+  assert.ok(
+    moved(at({ ...own, altitude_m: 1000, pitch_deg: -5.8 })),
+    '9.84 km ahead applies',
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    !moved(at({ ...own, altitude_m: 1000, pitch_deg: -5.6 })),
+    '10.2 km ahead does not',
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    !moved(at({ ...own, altitude_m: 10_000, pitch_deg: -30 })),
+    '17 km ahead does not',
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    moved(at({ ...own, altitude_m: 5_000, pitch_deg: -30 })),
+    '8.7 km ahead applies',
+  );
+  // Near-vertical stays put (no tan blow-up).
+  assert.ok(!moved(at({ ...own, altitude_m: 1000, pitch_deg: -89.5 })));
+  // Western wrap and the pole clamp.
+  const west = at({
+    lat: 0,
+    lon: -179.999,
+    altitude_m: 1000,
+    heading_deg: 270,
+    pitch_deg: -45,
+  });
+  assert.ok(west.lon > 179.9, String(west.lon));
+  const pole = at({
+    lat: 89.9995,
+    lon: 0,
+    altitude_m: 1000,
+    heading_deg: 0,
+    pitch_deg: -45,
+  });
+  assert.ok(pole.lat <= 90, String(pole.lat));
+});
+
+test('sl rejects a bad longitude slot and over-precise values, and no length bound hides the regex', async () => {
+  const { streetLevelFromParams } = await import('./index.js');
+  for (const bad of [
+    'google,1,1e1',
+    'google,1,0x10',
+    'google,1, 2',
+    'google,1,2.',
+    'google,1.123456789,2',
+    'google,1,2.123456789',
+  ])
+    assert.equal(
+      streetLevelFromParams(new URLSearchParams({ sl: bad })),
+      null,
+      bad,
+    );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    streetLevelFromParams(
+      new URLSearchParams({ sl: 'google,-89.12345678,179.12345678' }),
+    ),
+    { provider: 'google', lat: -89.12345678, lon: 179.12345678 },
+  );
+});
+
+test('KartaView photos travel in a link and light KartaView alone, on any map', async () => {
+  const { streetLevelFromParams } = await import('./index.js');
+  const { decodeLayerStateParams } = await import('../data/layerState.js');
+  const view = createView({
+    camera: { lat: 52.52, lon: 13.405, altitude_m: 400 },
+    map: 'osm',
+    street_level: { provider: 'kartaview' },
+  });
+  assert.equal(view.map, 'osm', 'KartaView needs no particular map');
+  assert.deepEqual(view.layers, ['street-level']);
+  const params = viewToParams(view);
+  assert.equal(params.get('sl'), 'kartaview,52.52000,13.40500');
+  assert.deepEqual(viewFromParams(params), view);
+  const lit = decodeLayerStateParams(params).options['street-level'];
+  assert.equal(lit.mapillary, false);
+  assert.equal(
+    lit.providerSwitches,
+    'google-0*kartaview-1*panoramax-0',
+    'KartaView on, the others off',
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    streetLevelFromParams(new URLSearchParams({ sl: 'kartaview,1,2' })),
+    {
+      provider: 'kartaview',
+      lat: 1,
+      lon: 2,
+    },
+  );
+});
+
+test('Panoramax photos travel in a link and light Panoramax alone, on any map', async () => {
+  const { streetLevelFromParams } = await import('./index.js');
+  const { decodeLayerStateParams } = await import('../data/layerState.js');
+  const view = createView({
+    camera: { lat: 48.8874, lon: 2.3495, altitude_m: 400 },
+    map: 'osm',
+    street_level: { provider: 'panoramax' },
+  });
+  assert.equal(view.map, 'osm', 'Panoramax needs no particular map');
+  assert.deepEqual(view.layers, ['street-level']);
+  const params = viewToParams(view);
+  assert.equal(params.get('sl'), 'panoramax,48.88740,2.34950');
+  assert.deepEqual(viewFromParams(params), view);
+  const lit = decodeLayerStateParams(params).options['street-level'];
+  assert.equal(lit.mapillary, false);
+  assert.equal(
+    lit.providerSwitches,
+    'google-0*kartaview-0*panoramax-1',
+    'Panoramax on, the others off',
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    streetLevelFromParams(new URLSearchParams({ sl: 'panoramax,1,2' })),
+    { provider: 'panoramax', lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+  );
+});
+
 test('a view naming the retired Snow style opens on Normal', () => {
   const camera = { lat: 1, lon: 2 };
   assert.equal(createView({ camera, style: 'snow' }).style, 'normal');
diff --git a/src/voice/actionSchemas.js b/src/voice/actionSchemas.js
index 9ec47028c..3e19d25a0 100644
--- a/src/voice/actionSchemas.js
+++ b/src/voice/actionSchemas.js
@@ -103,6 +103,36 @@ const schemas = [
       required: ['layerId'],
     },
   },
+  {
+    name: 'show_street_level',
+    parameters: {
+      type: 'object',
+      additionalProperties: false,
+      properties: {
+        query: {
+          type: 'string',
+          maxLength: 160,
+        },
+        latitude: {
+          type: 'number',
+          minimum: -90,
+          maximum: 90,
+        },
+        longitude: {
+          type: 'number',
+          minimum: -180,
+          maximum: 180,
+        },
+        provider: {
+          type: 'string',
+          enum: ['google', 'mapillary', 'kartaview', 'panoramax'],
+        },
+        referent: {
+          type: 'integer',
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  },
   {
     name: 'adjust_camera_zoom',
     parameters: {
diff --git a/src/voice/actionSchemas.test.mjs b/src/voice/actionSchemas.test.mjs
index d15a7c25e..9bf2caaaa 100644
--- a/src/voice/actionSchemas.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/actionSchemas.test.mjs
@@ -38,21 +38,38 @@ test('the complete Realtime tool payload pins the manifest-generated layer relea
     // consolidated tool wording (each policy stated once); model-facing tools
     // omit top-level anyOf (OpenAI rejects it). Contacts list routing preserves
     // requested radius and center authority in descriptions only.
-    // Street Level and GNSS extend the manifest; tracked and analyst aircraft describe broadcasts.
-    // Air quality (ECCC AQHI) extends the manifest.
-    // Globe rotation adds one motion; visual keyhole fit and explicit
-    // reset guidance/defaults update only move_camera and mode descriptions.
-    // S2 GhostMaps extends the generated layer enums.
-    // The Utilities panel (Directions, Draw, Import) adds one panel target.
-    // Panel adds named voice targets and timeout; shared Panel/Cockpit guidance
-    // is consolidated without changing either feature's arguments.
-    // Snow leaves the set_visual_style enum.
-    // The Operator HUD layout leaves set_hud's layout enum.
-    // The layer alias hint leaves out aliases the layer id already spells.
+    // Street Level, GNSS and air quality (ECCC AQHI) extend the manifest;
+    // tracked and analyst aircraft describe broadcasts; globe rotation adds
+    // one motion; S2 GhostMaps, the Utilities panel target and the voice panel
+    // (named targets, timeout) follow; Snow leaves the set_visual_style enum, the Operator HUD layout
+    // leaves set_hud's layout enum and the layer alias hint leaves out aliases
+    // the layer id already spells; show_street_level (map, source, photo) is
+    // the only change on top of main.
+    SHOW_STREET_LEVEL_PAYLOAD_DIGEST,
+  );
+  // Every shipped tool is byte-identical to the previous release: the new
+  // tool is the whole difference, so a later edit cannot hide in a re-pin.
+  const shipped = createHash('sha256')
+    .update(
+      JSON.stringify(
+        stable(
+          GEV_REALTIME_TOOLS.filter(
+            (tool) =>
+              !['set_cyber_sonar', 'show_street_level'].includes(tool.name),
+          ),
+        ),
+      ),
+    )
+    .digest('hex');
+  assert.equal(
+    shipped,
     'dc2bac1be93a503dc88d637beea2f1bc457e1f9167422bd91548b44756a8aca5',
   );
 });
 
+const SHOW_STREET_LEVEL_PAYLOAD_DIGEST =
+  '2198c1f95cfbc19e89ba8814ad0fd8303a74a7b254703f2e7a4893f5798d9aed';
+
 test('descriptions customize wording without changing immutable shared arguments', () => {
   const descriptions = {
     fly_to_location: {
@@ -112,6 +129,7 @@ test('all legacy action arguments are byte-identical after removing the delibera
         'next_satellite_pass',
         'set_cyber_sonar',
         'set_voice_inactivity_timeout',
+        'show_street_level',
       ].includes(tool.name),
   );
   // Layer enums are generated from the voice layer manifest and pinned by
diff --git a/src/voice/deixis.js b/src/voice/deixis.js
index 25d7939eb..0c21f297e 100644
--- a/src/voice/deixis.js
+++ b/src/voice/deixis.js
@@ -330,6 +330,7 @@ function resolveCropPixels(args, { imageFrame, cameraKey }) {
 const RESOLVERS = Object.freeze({
   track_entity: resolveTrack,
   fly_to_location: resolveFly,
+  show_street_level: resolveFly,
   get_entity_context: resolveContext,
   analyst_query: resolveAnalyst,
   annotate_map: resolveAnnotate,
diff --git a/src/voice/deixis.test.mjs b/src/voice/deixis.test.mjs
index bd2e66f1b..cd7f7374d 100644
--- a/src/voice/deixis.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/deixis.test.mjs
@@ -180,3 +180,10 @@ test('numbered custom-labeled pins retain their resolved coordinates', () => {
   assert.deepEqual(resolveDeicticArgs('fly_to_location', { referent: 1 }, { referents }).args,
     { latitude: 30.27, longitude: -97.74 });
 });
+
+test('show_street_level: "street view of this" opens photos at the pointed ground point', () => {
+  const out = resolveDeicticArgs('show_street_level', { query: 'pointer', provider: 'google' }, { pointer: ground });
+  assert.deepEqual(out.args, { provider: 'google', latitude: 30.27, longitude: -97.74 });
+  assert.equal(out.used.source, 'pointer');
+  assert.deepEqual(resolveDeicticArgs('show_street_level', { query: 'Eiffel Tower' }, { pointer: ground }).args, { query: 'Eiffel Tower' });
+});
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.js b/src/voice/gevActions.js
index 70636dd4e..e2c4cf964 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.js
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.js
@@ -34,6 +34,10 @@ import {
   isContextRecordActive,
 } from '../data/contextStore.js';
 import { CCTV_FOCUS_RESULT } from '../layers/cctv/index.js';
+import {
+  NEAREST_RADIUS_MAX_M as STREET_LEVEL_WIDE_RADIUS_M,
+  STREET_LEVEL_LAYER_ID,
+} from '../layers/streetLevel/policy.js';
 import {
   createAnalystEngine,
   normalizeAnalystSpec,
@@ -731,6 +735,18 @@ export function createGevActionRunner({
       };
     }
 
+    if (name === 'show_street_level') {
+      return showStreetLevel(args, {
+        dataManager,
+        styleManager,
+        placeSearch,
+        runGevAction,
+        runOptions,
+        current,
+        reportProgress,
+      });
+    }
+
     if (name === 'set_visual_style') {
       const style = normalizeStyle(args.style);
       if (!style)
@@ -2582,6 +2598,29 @@ function stopAllTracking(viewer, dataManager) {
   return { ok: true, action: 'stop_tracking', released };
 }
 
+/**
+ * The imagery filter the lit source honours when it is narrower than the
+ * default (360° or flat only, or SINCE), or null.
+ * @returns {{ pano?: string, sinceDays?: number, label: string } | null}
+ */
+export function activeImageryFilter(ui) {
+  const filter = ui?.filter || {};
+  const controls = ui?.filterControls || {};
+  const out = {};
+  const names = [];
+  if (controls.pano && (filter.pano === 'pano' || filter.pano === 'flat')) {
+    out.pano = filter.pano;
+    names.push(filter.pano === 'pano' ? '360°' : 'flat-photo');
+  }
+  if (controls.since && Number(filter.sinceDays) > 0) {
+    out.sinceDays = Number(filter.sinceDays);
+    names.push('SINCE');
+  }
+  if (!names.length) return null;
+  out.label = `${names.join(' and ')} filter${names.length > 1 ? 's' : ''}`;
+  return out;
+}
+
 /**
  * Frames entities near the current view target with a cinematic pull-back:
  * oblique high pitch for aircraft/ships, shallow wide pitch for satellites.
@@ -2589,6 +2628,7 @@ function stopAllTracking(viewer, dataManager) {
  * detection so the framed entities are labeled, and reports
  * detectionEnabled so the voice agent can mention labels are on.
  */
+
 async function frameOverhead(viewer, dataManager, styleManager, args = {}) {
   const targetRaw = String(args.target || 'flights').toLowerCase();
   const layerId =
@@ -3245,6 +3285,311 @@ function normalizeStyle(value) {
   return null;
 }
 
+/**
+ * "Show me <place> on Street View / on Mapillary": fly to the place, make sure
+ * the imagery source's map is up, light that source in Street Level, turn the
+ * layer on and open the nearest image. One source at a time, as the panel
+ * does; the choice persists like a chip click. The key is checked before
+ * anything changes, and each stage reports its own failure so speech can say
+ * which part did not happen. With no place at all, the view centre is used.
+ * `autoOpen: false` (links, not the model) stops short of loading a photo
+ * from a source that bills every load: the panel is armed and the OPEN
+ * button is one click away.
+ */
+export async function showStreetLevel(
+  args,
+  {
+    dataManager,
+    styleManager,
+    placeSearch,
+    runGevAction,
+    runOptions = {},
+    current = () => true,
+    reportProgress = () => {},
+  },
+) {
+  const action = 'show_street_level';
+  let provider = null;
+  let providerName = null;
+  let label = null;
+  const fail = (stage, error, extra = {}) => ({
+    ok: false,
+    action,
+    stage,
+    cancelled: !current(),
+    error,
+    ...(provider ? { provider } : {}),
+    ...(providerName ? { providerName } : {}),
+    ...(label ? { label } : {}),
+    ...extra,
+  });
+  const query = String(args.query || '').trim();
+  const latitude = Number(args.latitude);
+  const longitude = Number(args.longitude);
+  const hasCoordinates =
+    args.latitude != null &&
+    args.longitude != null &&
+    Number.isFinite(latitude) &&
+    Number.isFinite(longitude);
+  // A referent that is a layer entity (deixis): located when the flight starts.
+  const entity =
+    args.entity && typeof args.entity === 'object' && args.entity.id
+      ? args.entity
+      : null;
+  const layerModule =
+    dataManager?.layers?.get?.(STREET_LEVEL_LAYER_ID)?.module || null;
+  if (!layerModule || typeof layerModule.openNearest !== 'function')
+    return fail('provider', 'Street Level is unavailable');
+  const providerIds = Array.isArray(layerModule.providerIds)
+    ? layerModule.providerIds
+    : [];
+
+  // The source: asked for, else the one lit now, else the first registered.
+  const requested = String(args.provider || '')
+    .trim()
+    .toLowerCase();
+  if (requested) {
+    if (!providerIds.includes(requested))
+      return fail(
+        'provider',
+        `${requested} is not a street-level imagery source here`,
+      );
+    provider = requested;
+  } else {
+    const params = dataManager.getLayerParams?.(STREET_LEVEL_LAYER_ID) || {};
+    provider =
+      providerIds.find((id) => params[id] === true) || providerIds[0] || null;
+  }
+  if (!provider)
+    return fail('provider', 'No street-level imagery source is configured');
+  const status = layerModule.providerStatus?.(provider) || null;
+  providerName = status?.name || provider;
+
+  // The key first, on any map: a chip without a key explains it and switches
+  // nothing, and so does this.
+  if (status && (status.keyRequired === true || status.configured === false))
+    return fail('key', status.error || `${providerName} needs its key`, {
+      keyRejected: status.keyRejected === true,
+      keyAlternatives: layerModule.getUIState?.()?.keyAlternatives || [],
+    });
+
+  // Then the place: a name that geocodes to nothing changes nothing else.
+  label =
+    query ||
+    (entity ? String(entity.label || entity.id) : '') ||
+    (hasCoordinates ? `${latitude.toFixed(4)}, ${longitude.toFixed(4)}` : '') ||
+    'the view centre';
+  const atViewCentre = !query && !hasCoordinates && !entity;
+  let point = null;
+  let location = null;
+  if (args.fly === false || atViewCentre) {
+    if (hasCoordinates) point = { lat: latitude, lon: longitude };
+    else if (entity) {
+      // Where it is now, as the flying path does: the coordinates a list
+      // saved go stale as soon as the item moves or unloads.
+      const located = locateLayerEntity(dataManager, entity);
+      if (!located) return fail('location', `${label} is no longer loaded`);
+      point = { lat: located.lat, lon: located.lon };
+    } else if (query) {
+      reportProgress('search', query);
+      const outcome = await placeSearch.geocode(query, {
+        signal: runOptions.signal,
+      });
+      const place = outcome?.place;
+      if (!current())
+        return fail('location', 'Street-level request was cancelled');
+      if (!Number.isFinite(place?.lat) || !Number.isFinite(place?.lng))
+        return fail('location', `Could not find ${query}`);
+      point = { lat: place.lat, lon: place.lng };
+      label = place.label || query;
+    }
+    // No place at all: the layer looks under the view centre.
+  } else {
+    location = await runGevAction(
+      'fly_to_location',
+      {
+        ...(entity
+          ? { entity }
+          : hasCoordinates
+            ? { latitude, longitude }
+            : { query }),
+        viewMode: 'close',
+        waitForArrival: true,
+      },
+      runOptions,
+    );
+    if (location?.ok !== true || !current())
+      return fail(
+        'location',
+        location?.error || `Could not arrive at ${location?.label || label}`,
+        { cancelled: !current() || Boolean(location?.cancelled), location },
+      );
+    // An item keeps its name: the flight to it reports only coordinates.
+    label = entity ? label : location.label || label;
+    if (
+      !Number.isFinite(location.latitude) ||
+      !Number.isFinite(location.longitude)
+    )
+      return fail(
+        'location',
+        `${label} has no position to look for imagery at`,
+        { location },
+      );
+    point = { lat: location.latitude, lon: location.longitude };
+  }
+
+  // The source's map, when it needs one (Street View: Google 3D only).
+  const requiredStack = layerModule.requiredMapStack?.(provider) || null;
+  const activeStack = styleManager?.mapStackController?.getActiveId?.() ?? null;
+  if (requiredStack && activeStack !== requiredStack) {
+    reportProgress('map', requiredStack);
+    const map = await runGevAction(
+      'set_map_stack',
+      { stack: requiredStack },
+      runOptions,
+    );
+    if (map?.ok !== true || !current())
+      return fail(
+        'map',
+        map?.error ||
+          `${providerName} needs the ${requiredStack} map, which is not available`,
+        { map, location },
+      );
+  }
+
+  // Light the source the way a chip click does, so the choice is kept.
+  const switches = Object.fromEntries(
+    providerIds.map((id) => [id, id === provider]),
+  );
+  let accepted = true;
+  if (typeof dataManager.setLayerParams === 'function')
+    accepted =
+      dataManager.setLayerParams(STREET_LEVEL_LAYER_ID, switches, {
+        origin: 'voice',
+      }) !== false;
+  else layerModule.setProviderEnabled?.(provider, true);
+  if (!accepted)
+    return fail('provider', `${providerName} could not be switched on`, {
+      location,
+    });
+  let layer = null;
+  if (!dataManager.isEnabled?.(STREET_LEVEL_LAYER_ID)) {
+    layer = await runGevAction(
+      'set_layer_visibility',
+      { layerId: STREET_LEVEL_LAYER_ID, enabled: true },
+      runOptions,
+    );
+    if (layer?.ok !== true || !current())
+      return fail(
+        'layer',
+        layer?.error || 'Street Level could not be enabled',
+        { cancelled: !current() || Boolean(layer?.cancelled), layer, location },
+      );
+  }
+
+  // Listed now that its map is up, and lit.
+  const ui = layerModule.getUIState?.() || {};
+  const snapshot =
+    (ui.providers || []).find((entry) => entry.id === provider) || null;
+  if (!snapshot)
+    return fail(
+      'provider',
+      ui.coverage?.hint || `${providerName} is not available on this map`,
+      { location },
+    );
+  if (snapshot.on !== true)
+    return fail('provider', `${providerName} could not be switched on`, {
+      location,
+    });
+
+  // A billed source never loads from a link without a click: everything is
+  // ready and OPEN is one press away at the view centre.
+  if (args.autoOpen === false && status?.billed === true) {
+    // The next OPEN press loads exactly what the link asked for.
+    layerModule.armNearest?.(point, {
+      providerIds: [provider],
+      ...(snapshot.groundClick === true
+        ? { radiusM: STREET_LEVEL_WIDE_RADIUS_M }
+        : {}),
+    });
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      action,
+      provider,
+      providerName,
+      label,
+      armed: true,
+      flew: location !== null,
+      ...(location ? { location: location.label } : {}),
+    };
+  }
+
+  // A source with no coverage to click (Street View) is searched wider: a
+  // geocoded landmark is rarely within 50 m of a street. A newer turn
+  // retires the lookup: nothing opens after the user moved on.
+  reportProgress('imagery', label);
+  const opened = await layerModule.openNearest(point, {
+    providerIds: [provider],
+    frame: false,
+    ...(runOptions.signal ? { signal: runOptions.signal } : {}),
+    ...(snapshot.groundClick === true
+      ? { radiusM: STREET_LEVEL_WIDE_RADIUS_M }
+      : {}),
+  });
+  const street = layerModule.getUIState?.()?.street || {};
+  // A cancelled request opens nothing (the lookup and the viewer both honour
+  // the turn's signal); a photo that did open is reported as open.
+  if (opened !== true && !current())
+    return fail('imagery', 'Street-level request was cancelled', {
+      cancelled: true,
+      location,
+    });
+  if (opened !== true) {
+    // Why nothing opened: the key, a change under the lookup, or no imagery.
+    const after = layerModule.providerStatus?.(provider) || status || {};
+    if (after.keyRequired === true || after.keyRejected === true)
+      return fail(
+        'key',
+        street.error || after.error || `${providerName} needs its key`,
+        { keyRejected: after.keyRejected === true, location },
+      );
+    if (
+      !dataManager.isEnabled?.(STREET_LEVEL_LAYER_ID) ||
+      after.on === false ||
+      after.available === false
+    )
+      return fail(
+        'imagery',
+        street.error || 'Street Level changed while it looked for imagery',
+        { cancelled: true, location },
+      );
+    // An imagery filter the source honours can hide every photo here; say
+    // so, or the answer reads as "no coverage" when one switch would do.
+    const filter = activeImageryFilter(layerModule.getUIState?.());
+    const reason = street.error || `No ${providerName} imagery near ${label}`;
+    return fail(
+      'imagery',
+      filter ? `${reason} with the ${filter.label} on` : reason,
+      { location, ...(filter ? { filter } : {}) },
+    );
+  }
+  return {
+    ok: true,
+    action,
+    provider,
+    providerName,
+    label,
+    imageId: street.imageId ?? null,
+    title: street.title ?? null,
+    capturedAt: street.capturedAt ?? null,
+    capturedAtPrecision: street.capturedAtPrecision ?? null,
+    position: street.position ?? null,
+    externalUrl: street.externalUrl ?? null,
+    flew: location !== null,
+    ...(location ? { location: location.label } : {}),
+  };
+}
+
 async function flyToRequestedLocation(
   viewer,
   args,
@@ -3309,11 +3654,25 @@ async function flyToRequestedLocation(
     );
     if (result === false)
       return cancelled(CITY_POIS[locationId]?.name || locationId);
+    // Where the camera went: the first POI for a close view, else the middle
+    // of the city's overview bounds.
+    const city = CITY_POIS[locationId];
+    const overview =
+      !(rangeM || args.viewMode === 'close') && Boolean(city?.viewBounds);
+    const centre = overview
+      ? {
+          lat:
+            (city.viewBounds.southwest.lat + city.viewBounds.northeast.lat) / 2,
+          lon:
+            (city.viewBounds.southwest.lng + city.viewBounds.northeast.lng) / 2,
+        }
+      : city?.pois?.[0] || null;
     const response = {
       ok: Boolean(result),
       action: 'fly_to_location',
       locationId,
       label: CITY_POIS[locationId]?.name || locationId,
+      ...(centre ? { latitude: centre.lat, longitude: centre.lon } : {}),
       rangeM: result?.range ? Math.round(result.range) : rangeM || null,
       navigationMode: rangeM
         ? 'explicit-range'
@@ -3374,6 +3733,7 @@ async function flyToRequestedLocation(
         action: 'fly_to_location',
         query,
         label: poi?.name || query,
+        ...(poi ? { latitude: poi.lat, longitude: poi.lon } : {}),
         navigationMode: rangeM ? 'preset-poi-range' : 'preset-poi',
         rangeM: result?.range ? Math.round(result.range) : rangeM || null,
       };
@@ -3404,6 +3764,10 @@ async function flyToRequestedLocation(
       action: 'fly_to_location',
       query,
       label: destination?.label || query,
+      ...(Number.isFinite(destination?.latitude) &&
+      Number.isFinite(destination?.longitude)
+        ? { latitude: destination.latitude, longitude: destination.longitude }
+        : {}),
       navigationMode: destination?.navigationMode || null,
       rangeM: destination?.rangeM || rangeM || null,
     };
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
index f11abc5ae..ec0c76e5d 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import {
   normalizeStackId,
 } from './gevActions.js';
 import { MAP_STACKS } from '../mapStackController.js';
+import { KEY_REJECTED_MESSAGE } from '../layers/streetLevel/providers/google/policy.js';
 import { GEV_REALTIME_TOOLS } from '../../server/providers/openai/tools.js';
 import { presentResult } from './resultDisplay.js';
 import { attachVoiceResult } from './speech.js';
@@ -3987,6 +3988,538 @@ test('analyst-only lookup distinguishes duplicate names and uses canonical aircr
   assert.equal(plane.latitude, 36, 'canonical ID resolves the current position, not old coordinates');
 });
 
+/** A Street Level layer stub, a map stack and a data manager for show_street_level. */
+function createStreetLevelHarness({
+  activeStack = 'osm',
+  lit = { mapillary: true, google: false },
+  enabled = false,
+  keyRequired = false,
+  configured = !keyRequired,
+  nearest = 'pano-a',
+  paramsAccepted = true,
+  enableResult = true,
+  listGoogle = true,
+  duringLookup = null,
+  keyRejectedAtStart = false,
+  lightFails = false,
+} = {}) {
+  const order = [];
+  const { viewer, styleManager } = createVoiceNavigationHarness();
+  let completeFlight = null;
+  viewer.camera.lookAt = () => {};
+  viewer.camera.flyToBoundingSphere = (_sphere, options) => {
+    order.push('fly');
+    completeFlight = options.complete;
+  };
+  styleManager.runImmediateLocationNavigation = (navigate) =>
+    styleManager.runImmediateNavigation('location', navigate);
+  let stack = activeStack;
+  styleManager.mapStackController = { getActiveId: () => stack };
+  styleManager.setMapStack = async (id) => {
+    order.push(`map:${id}`);
+    stack = id;
+    return { ok: true, activeStack: id, error: null };
+  };
+  let params = { ...lit };
+  let keyRejected = keyRejectedAtStart;
+  const street = { imageId: null, error: null };
+  const names = { google: 'Google Street View', mapillary: 'Mapillary' };
+  const layer = {
+    providerIds: ['mapillary', 'google'],
+    requiredMapStack: (id) => (id === 'google' ? 'photoreal' : null),
+    providerStatus: (id) =>
+      names[id]
+        ? {
+            id,
+            name: names[id],
+            on: params[id] === true,
+            configured,
+            keyRequired: keyRequired || keyRejected,
+            keyRejected,
+            error: keyRejected ? KEY_REJECTED_MESSAGE : keyRequired ? `${names[id]} needs its key` : null,
+            groundClick: id === 'google',
+            billed: id === 'google',
+            available: id !== 'google' || stack === 'photoreal',
+          }
+        : null,
+    getUIState: () => ({
+      providers: ['mapillary', 'google']
+        .filter((id) => id !== 'google' || (stack === 'photoreal' && listGoogle))
+        .map((id) => ({
+          id,
+          name: id === 'google' ? 'Google Street View' : 'Mapillary',
+          on: params[id] === true,
+          configured: !keyRequired,
+          keyRequired,
+          groundClick: id === 'google',
+          hint: keyRequired ? `${id} needs its key` : '',
+          error: null,
+        })),
+      keyAlternatives: [],
+      coverage: { hint: 'not on this map' },
+      street: { ...street },
+    }),
+    armNearest(point, options) {
+      order.push(`arm:${options.providerIds.join('+')}:${options.radiusM ?? 'default'}:${point ? `${point.lat},${point.lon}` : 'view-centre'}`);
+    },
+    async openNearest(point, options) {
+      order.push(`open:${options.providerIds.join('+')}:${options.radiusM ?? 'default'}:${options.frame}${point ? '' : ':view-centre'}`);
+      if (options.signal?.aborted) return false;
+      if (duringLookup) {
+        const effect = duringLookup();
+        if (effect === 'key-rejected') {
+          keyRejected = true;
+          street.error = KEY_REJECTED_MESSAGE;
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (effect === 'layer-off') {
+          enabled = false;
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      if (!nearest) {
+        street.error = `No street-level imagery within ${options.radiusM ?? 50} m of ${point ? 'that point' : 'the view centre'}`;
+        return false;
+      }
+      street.imageId = nearest;
+      street.title = '10th St, Sacramento';
+      street.position = point;
+      return true;
+    },
+  };
+  const dataManager = {
+    layers: new Map([['street-level', { module: layer }]]),
+    isEnabled: () => enabled,
+    getLayerParams: () => ({ ...params }),
+    setLayerParams(id, next, { origin }) {
+      order.push(`params:${Object.entries(next).filter(([, on]) => on).map(([k]) => k).join('+')}:${origin}`);
+      if (paramsAccepted === false) return false;
+      if (!lightFails) params = { ...params, ...next };
+      return true;
+    },
+    async setEnabled(id) {
+      order.push(`enable:${id}`);
+      if (enableResult === false) return false;
+      enabled = true;
+      return true;
+    },
+    getAll: () => [{ id: 'street-level', name: 'Street Level', enabled }],
+  };
+  const runner = createGevActionRunner({ viewer, styleManager, dataManager });
+  return { runner, order, finishFlight: () => completeFlight?.(), layer, dataManager };
+}
+
+/** A loaded CCTV camera the entity branch can locate. */
+function withCamera(harness) {
+  harness.dataManager.layers.set('cctv', {
+    module: {
+      findByQuery: (id) => (id === 'cam-9' ? { latitude: 38.58, longitude: -121.5 } : null),
+    },
+  });
+  const wasEnabled = harness.dataManager.isEnabled;
+  harness.dataManager.isEnabled = (id) => id === 'cctv' || wasEnabled(id);
+  return harness;
+}
+
+test('show_street_level flies first, then switches the map, lights the source, turns the layer on and opens the nearest photo', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const { runner, order, finishFlight } = createStreetLevelHarness();
+  const pending = runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 38.5799, longitude: -121.4937, provider: 'google' });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setImmediate(resolve));
+  assert.deepEqual(order, ['fly'], 'nothing changes until the place is reached');
+  finishFlight();
+  const result = await pending;
+  assert.equal(result.ok, true, result.error);
+  assert.deepEqual(order, [
+    'fly',
+    'map:photoreal',
+    'params:google:voice',
+    'enable:street-level',
+    'open:google:250:false',
+  ]);
+  assert.equal(result.provider, 'google');
+  assert.equal(result.providerName, 'Google Street View');
+  assert.equal(result.imageId, 'pano-a');
+  assert.equal(result.title, '10th St, Sacramento');
+  assert.equal(result.flew, true);
+});
+
+test('show_street_level on Mapillary keeps the map, searches at the default radius and skips what is already on', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const { runner, order } = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'osm' });
+  const result = await runner('show_street_level', {
+    latitude: 38.58,
+    longitude: -121.49,
+    provider: 'mapillary',
+    fly: false,
+  });
+  assert.equal(result.ok, true, result.error);
+  assert.deepEqual(order, ['params:mapillary:voice', 'open:mapillary:default:false']);
+  assert.equal(result.flew, false);
+});
+
+test('show_street_level without a source uses the one lit in the panel', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const { runner, order } = createStreetLevelHarness({
+    activeStack: 'photoreal',
+    lit: { mapillary: false, google: true },
+    enabled: true,
+  });
+  const result = await runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 1, longitude: 2, fly: false });
+  assert.equal(result.ok, true, result.error);
+  assert.equal(result.provider, 'google');
+  assert.deepEqual(order, ['params:google:voice', 'open:google:250:false']);
+});
+
+test('show_street_level reports each stage it could not pass', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const centre = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'photoreal' });
+  const none = await centre.runner('show_street_level', { provider: 'google' });
+  assert.equal(none.ok, true, 'no place at all means the view centre');
+  assert.equal(none.label, 'the view centre');
+  assert.deepEqual(centre.order, ['params:google:voice', 'open:google:250:false:view-centre']);
+
+  const unknown = await createStreetLevelHarness().runner('show_street_level', {
+    latitude: 1, longitude: 2, provider: 'openstreetcam', fly: false,
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual([unknown.ok, unknown.stage], [false, 'provider']);
+  assert.match(unknown.error, /openstreetcam/);
+
+  const keylessHarness = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, keyRequired: true });
+  const keyless = await keylessHarness.runner('show_street_level', {
+    latitude: 1, longitude: 2, provider: 'google', fly: false,
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual([keyless.ok, keyless.stage], [false, 'key']);
+  assert.match(keyless.error, /needs its key/);
+  assert.equal(keyless.providerName, 'Google Street View');
+  assert.deepEqual(keylessHarness.order, [], 'a keyless source changes nothing: no flight, no map, no switch');
+
+  const refusedSwitch = await createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, paramsAccepted: false }).runner(
+    'show_street_level',
+    { latitude: 1, longitude: 2, provider: 'google', fly: false },
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual([refusedSwitch.ok, refusedSwitch.stage], [false, 'provider']);
+  assert.match(refusedSwitch.error, /could not be switched on/);
+
+  const empty = await createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, nearest: null }).runner(
+    'show_street_level',
+    { latitude: 1, longitude: 2, provider: 'google', fly: false },
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual([empty.ok, empty.stage], [false, 'imagery']);
+  assert.match(empty.error, /within 250 m/);
+});
+
+test('show_street_level stops at the map when the source’s map is refused, before touching the panel', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const { layer, order } = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true });
+  const reason = 'Google 3D needs GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY';
+  const dataManager = {
+    layers: new Map([['street-level', { module: layer }]]),
+    isEnabled: () => true,
+    getLayerParams: () => ({ mapillary: true, google: false }),
+    setLayerParams: () => order.push('params'),
+    getAll: () => [],
+  };
+  const { viewer, styleManager } = createVoiceNavigationHarness();
+  styleManager.mapStackController = { getActiveId: () => 'osm' };
+  styleManager.setMapStack = async () => ({ ok: false, activeStack: 'osm', error: reason });
+  const runner = createGevActionRunner({ viewer, styleManager, dataManager });
+  const result = await runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 1, longitude: 2, provider: 'google', fly: false });
+  assert.deepEqual([result.ok, result.stage, result.error], [false, 'map', reason]);
+  assert.deepEqual(order, [], 'the source is not switched when its map is refused');
+});
+
+test('show_street_level opens photos of a numbered item or a pointed spot through its entity', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const { runner, order, finishFlight } = withCamera(
+    createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'photoreal' }),
+  );
+  const pending = runner('show_street_level', {
+    provider: 'google',
+    entity: { layerId: 'cctv', id: 'cam-9', label: 'Camera 9', lat: 38.58, lon: -121.5 },
+  });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setImmediate(resolve));
+  assert.deepEqual(order, ['fly'], 'the entity position is flown to');
+  finishFlight();
+  const result = await pending;
+  assert.equal(result.ok, true, result.error);
+  assert.equal(result.label, 'Camera 9');
+  assert.deepEqual(order, ['fly', 'params:google:voice', 'open:google:250:false']);
+  // Without a flight the entity's own position is used.
+  const still = withCamera(createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'photoreal' }));
+  const kept = await still.runner('show_street_level', {
+    provider: 'google',
+    fly: false,
+    entity: { layerId: 'cctv', id: 'cam-9', lat: 38.58, lon: -121.5 },
+  });
+  assert.equal(kept.ok, true, kept.error);
+  assert.deepEqual(still.order, ['params:google:voice', 'open:google:250:false']);
+});
+
+test('show_street_level hands the point from a named place, a preset and a curated POI to the lookup', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const points = [];
+  const make = () => {
+    const harness = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'osm' });
+    const open = harness.layer.openNearest;
+    harness.layer.openNearest = async (point, options) => {
+      points.push(point);
+      return open(point, options);
+    };
+    return harness;
+  };
+  // A geocoded name: the flight reports where it landed.
+  const named = make();
+  const viewerFor = () => ({ ...createVoiceNavigationHarness().viewer });
+  const runnerWithSearch = createGevActionRunner({
+    viewer: viewerFor(),
+    styleManager: { mapStackController: { getActiveId: () => 'osm' }, setMapStack: async () => ({ ok: true }) },
+    dataManager: {
+      layers: new Map([['street-level', { module: named.layer }]]),
+      isEnabled: () => true,
+      getLayerParams: () => ({ mapillary: true, google: false }),
+      setLayerParams: () => true,
+      getAll: () => [],
+    },
+    searchNavigation: async (_viewer, query, options) => {
+      options.onComplete?.();
+      return { label: `${query}, CA`, latitude: 38.5799, longitude: -121.4937, navigationMode: 'precise-place', rangeM: 250 };
+    },
+  });
+  const geocoded = await runnerWithSearch('show_street_level', { query: '10th Street, Sacramento', provider: 'mapillary' });
+  assert.equal(geocoded.ok, true, geocoded.error);
+  assert.equal(geocoded.label, '10th Street, Sacramento, CA');
+  assert.deepEqual(points.at(-1), { lat: 38.5799, lon: -121.4937 });
+  // A curated POI and a city preset fly to their hand-tuned poses and report them.
+  for (const [args, expected] of [
+    [{ query: 'Golden Gate Bridge', provider: 'mapillary' }, { lat: 37.8199, lon: -122.4783 }],
+    [{ query: 'austin', provider: 'mapillary' }, null],
+  ]) {
+    const harness = make();
+    const pending = harness.runner('show_street_level', args);
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setImmediate(resolve));
+    harness.finishFlight();
+    const result = await pending;
+    assert.equal(result.ok, true, `${args.query}: ${result.error}`);
+    const point = points.at(-1);
+    if (expected) assert.deepEqual(point, expected);
+    else assert.ok(Number.isFinite(point.lat) && Number.isFinite(point.lon), 'a preset flight reports its point');
+  }
+});
+
+test('show_street_level retires its lookup when the turn is superseded, and says so', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const { runner, order, layer } = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'photoreal' });
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  let currentTurn = true;
+  layer.openNearest = async (_point, options) => {
+    order.push(`open:signal:${Boolean(options.signal)}`);
+    controller.abort();
+    currentTurn = false;
+    return false;
+  };
+  const result = await runner(
+    'show_street_level',
+    { latitude: 1, longitude: 2, provider: 'google', fly: false },
+    { signal: controller.signal, isCurrent: () => currentTurn },
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual([result.ok, result.cancelled, result.stage], [false, true, 'imagery']);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(result.error, /No .* imagery/);
+  assert.ok(order.includes('open:signal:true'), 'the lookup gets the turn signal');
+});
+
+test('show_street_level with autoOpen:false arms a billed source and leaves the load to a click; a free source still opens', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const armedHarness = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'osm' });
+  const armed = await armedHarness.runner('show_street_level', {
+    latitude: 38.5799, longitude: -121.4937, provider: 'google', fly: false, autoOpen: false,
+  });
+  assert.equal(armed.ok, true, armed.error);
+  assert.equal(armed.armed, true);
+  assert.equal(armed.imageId, undefined);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    armedHarness.order,
+    ['map:photoreal', 'params:google:voice', 'arm:google:250:38.5799,-121.4937'],
+    'map and source are ready, the lookup is armed at the point, nothing is loaded',
+  );
+  assert.match(armed.say, /^Google Street View is ready at .*press OPEN/);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    { ...armed, say: undefined, display: undefined },
+    { ok: true, action: 'show_street_level', provider: 'google', providerName: 'Google Street View', label: '38.5799, -121.4937', armed: true, flew: false, say: undefined, display: undefined },
+  );
+  const free = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'osm' });
+  const opened = await free.runner('show_street_level', {
+    latitude: 38.5799, longitude: -121.4937, provider: 'mapillary', fly: false, autoOpen: false,
+  });
+  assert.equal(opened.ok, true, opened.error);
+  assert.equal(opened.armed, undefined);
+  assert.equal(opened.imageId, 'pano-a');
+});
+
+test('show_street_level tells a failed enable, a delisted source, a key refused mid-lookup and a layer switched off apart', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const at = { latitude: 1, longitude: 2, provider: 'google', fly: false };
+  const notEnabled = await createStreetLevelHarness({ activeStack: 'photoreal', enableResult: false }).runner('show_street_level', at);
+  assert.deepEqual([notEnabled.ok, notEnabled.stage, notEnabled.cancelled], [false, 'layer', false]);
+  assert.match(notEnabled.say, /Couldn't turn on Street Level/);
+
+  const delisted = await createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'photoreal', listGoogle: false }).runner('show_street_level', at);
+  assert.deepEqual([delisted.ok, delisted.stage], [false, 'provider']);
+  assert.equal(delisted.error, 'not on this map');
+
+  const refused = await createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'photoreal', duringLookup: () => 'key-rejected' }).runner('show_street_level', at);
+  assert.deepEqual([refused.ok, refused.stage, refused.keyRejected], [false, 'key', true]);
+  assert.equal(refused.say, 'Google Street View refused its key.');
+
+  const switchedOff = await createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'photoreal', duringLookup: () => 'layer-off' }).runner('show_street_level', at);
+  assert.deepEqual([switchedOff.ok, switchedOff.stage, switchedOff.cancelled], [false, 'imagery', true]);
+  assert.equal(switchedOff.say, undefined, 'a request the user withdrew is not spoken');
+
+  // A source whose status call says it is not configured is key-gated even
+  // before its coverage reports a missing key.
+  const unconfigured = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'photoreal', configured: false });
+  const gated = await unconfigured.runner('show_street_level', at);
+  assert.deepEqual([gated.ok, gated.stage], [false, 'key']);
+  assert.deepEqual(unconfigured.order, [], 'nothing changed');
+});
+
+test('show_street_level without a flight geocodes a name, locates an item, and reports what it cannot place', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const hit = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'osm' });
+  const points = [];
+  const open = hit.layer.openNearest;
+  hit.layer.openNearest = (point, options) => {
+    points.push(point);
+    return open(point, options);
+  };
+  const runner = createGevActionRunner({
+    viewer: createVoiceNavigationHarness().viewer,
+    styleManager: { mapStackController: { getActiveId: () => 'osm' }, setMapStack: async () => ({ ok: true }) },
+    dataManager: hit.dataManager,
+    placeSearch: {
+      geocode: async (query) =>
+        query === 'Capitol Mall'
+          ? { place: { lat: 38.5792, lng: -121.4958, label: 'Capitol Mall, Sacramento' } }
+          : { place: null, answered: true },
+    },
+  });
+  const found = await runner('show_street_level', { query: 'Capitol Mall', provider: 'mapillary', fly: false });
+  assert.equal(found.ok, true, found.error);
+  assert.equal(found.label, 'Capitol Mall, Sacramento');
+  assert.deepEqual(points.at(-1), { lat: 38.5792, lon: -121.4958 });
+  assert.equal(found.flew, false);
+
+  const miss = await runner('show_street_level', { query: 'Atlantis Boulevard', provider: 'mapillary', fly: false });
+  assert.deepEqual([miss.ok, miss.stage], [false, 'location']);
+  assert.equal(miss.say, "Couldn't find Atlantis Boulevard.");
+  assert.equal(points.length, 1, 'a miss asks for no imagery');
+
+  const gone = await runner('show_street_level', {
+    provider: 'mapillary', fly: false, entity: { layerId: 'cctv', id: 'cam-gone', label: 'Camera 7' },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual([gone.ok, gone.stage], [false, 'location']);
+  assert.equal(gone.say, "Couldn't find Camera 7.");
+
+  // A flight that reports no coordinates cannot be followed by a lookup.
+  const noPoint = createGevActionRunner({
+    viewer: createVoiceNavigationHarness().viewer,
+    styleManager: { mapStackController: { getActiveId: () => 'osm' }, setMapStack: async () => ({ ok: true }) },
+    dataManager: hit.dataManager,
+    searchNavigation: async (_viewer, query, options) => {
+      options.onComplete?.();
+      return { label: query, navigationMode: 'city-overview', rangeM: null };
+    },
+  });
+  const unplaced = await noPoint('show_street_level', { query: 'Somewhere', provider: 'mapillary' });
+  assert.deepEqual([unplaced.ok, unplaced.stage], [false, 'location']);
+  assert.match(unplaced.error, /no position/);
+});
+
+test('fly_to_location reports the overview centre for a city framed as a whole, and the first POI for a close view', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const { viewer, styleManager } = createVoiceNavigationHarness();
+  viewer.camera.lookAt = () => {};
+  viewer.camera.flyTo = (options) => options.complete?.();
+  viewer.camera.flyToBoundingSphere = (_s, options) => options.complete?.();
+  styleManager.runImmediateLocationNavigation = (navigate) => styleManager.runImmediateNavigation('location', navigate);
+  const runner = createGevActionRunner({ viewer, styleManager, dataManager: { layers: new Map(), getAll: () => [] } });
+  const overview = await runner('fly_to_location', { locationId: 'austin' });
+  assert.equal(overview.ok, true);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(overview.latitude - 30.31) < 0.001, String(overview.latitude));
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(overview.longitude - -97.75) < 0.001, String(overview.longitude));
+  const close = await runner('fly_to_location', { locationId: 'austin', viewMode: 'close' });
+  assert.deepEqual([close.latitude, close.longitude], [30.2747, -97.7403]);
+});
+
+test('show_street_level arms the view centre when a billed link names no place, and keeps the flight label when it flew', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const centre = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'photoreal' });
+  const armed = await centre.runner('show_street_level', { provider: 'google', autoOpen: false });
+  assert.equal(armed.ok, true, armed.error);
+  assert.equal(armed.armed, true);
+  assert.deepEqual(centre.order, ['params:google:voice', 'arm:google:250:view-centre'], 'armed at the view centre, nothing opened');
+  const flown = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'photoreal' });
+  const pending = flown.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 38.5799, longitude: -121.4937, provider: 'google', autoOpen: false });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setImmediate(resolve));
+  flown.finishFlight();
+  const result = await pending;
+  assert.equal(result.armed, true);
+  assert.equal(result.flew, true);
+  assert.equal(result.location, '38.5799, -121.4937');
+  assert.ok(!flown.order.some((entry) => entry.startsWith('open:')), 'no load after the flight');
+});
+
+test('show_street_level says "refused its key" when Google already refused it, and fails when the source will not light', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const refusedHarness = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, keyRejectedAtStart: true });
+  const refused = await refusedHarness.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 1, longitude: 2, provider: 'google', fly: false });
+  assert.deepEqual([refused.ok, refused.stage, refused.keyRejected], [false, 'key', true]);
+  assert.equal(refused.error, KEY_REJECTED_MESSAGE);
+  assert.equal(refused.say, 'Google Street View refused its key.');
+  assert.deepEqual(refusedHarness.order, [], 'nothing changed');
+  const dark = await createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'photoreal', lightFails: true }).runner(
+    'show_street_level',
+    { latitude: 1, longitude: 2, provider: 'google', fly: false },
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual([dark.ok, dark.stage], [false, 'provider']);
+  assert.match(dark.error, /could not be switched on/);
+});
+
+test('show_street_level without a flight needs the item where it is now, not where a list saw it', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const harness = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'photoreal' });
+  // The referent carries the coordinates the list saved, but it is no longer loaded.
+  const stale = await harness.runner('show_street_level', {
+    provider: 'google',
+    fly: false,
+    entity: { layerId: 'cctv', id: 'cam-gone', label: 'Camera 7', lat: 38.58, lon: -121.5 },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual([stale.ok, stale.stage], [false, 'location']);
+  assert.match(stale.error, /no longer loaded/);
+  assert.ok(!harness.order.some((entry) => entry.startsWith('open:')), 'nothing looked up at the stale point');
+});
+
+test('activeImageryFilter reports only the narrowing filters the lit source honours', async () => {
+  const { activeImageryFilter } = await import('./gevActions.js');
+  const both = { pano: true, since: true };
+  assert.equal(activeImageryFilter({ filter: { pano: 'all', sinceDays: 0 }, filterControls: both }), null);
+  assert.deepEqual(activeImageryFilter({ filter: { pano: 'pano', sinceDays: 0 }, filterControls: both }), {
+    pano: 'pano',
+    label: '360° filter',
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(activeImageryFilter({ filter: { pano: 'flat', sinceDays: 365 }, filterControls: both }), {
+    pano: 'flat',
+    sinceDays: 365,
+    label: 'flat-photo and SINCE filters',
+  });
+  assert.equal(
+    activeImageryFilter({ filter: { pano: 'pano', sinceDays: 365 }, filterControls: { pano: false, since: false } }),
+    null,
+    'Street View honours neither',
+  );
+  assert.equal(activeImageryFilter(undefined), null);
+});
+
 test('set_panel_open accepts the Authoring name for the scene panel', async () => {
   const calls = [];
   const runner = createGevActionRunner({
diff --git a/src/voice/layerManifest.js b/src/voice/layerManifest.js
index 962bf6949..44801dc0a 100644
--- a/src/voice/layerManifest.js
+++ b/src/voice/layerManifest.js
@@ -352,7 +352,12 @@ const layers = [
   },
   {
     id: 'street-level',
-    aliases: ['street level', 'street-level imagery', 'mapillary'],
+    aliases: [
+      'street level',
+      'street-level imagery',
+      'mapillary',
+      'street view',
+    ],
     context: false,
     noQuery: 'street-level imagery; no countable records',
   },
diff --git a/src/voice/layerManifest.test.mjs b/src/voice/layerManifest.test.mjs
index ab382c460..b35d83cc5 100644
--- a/src/voice/layerManifest.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/layerManifest.test.mjs
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ test('spoken aliases resolve to real layers, keep every legacy phrase and never
     'weather radar': 'weather-radar', lightning: 'weather-lightning', 'military bases': 'military-installations',
     'recent imagery': 'recent-imagery', 'bike share': 'bikeshare', 'rocket launches': 'rocket-launches',
     'street level': 'street-level', mapillary: 'street-level',
+    'street view': 'street-level',
     wind: 'wind', directions: 'directions', 'fire perimeters': 'fire-perimeters',
     'wildfire perimeters': 'fire-perimeters', 'burn areas': 'fire-perimeters',
   };
diff --git a/src/voice/pointerReticle.js b/src/voice/pointerReticle.js
index 5a3a64fdc..2a5dae764 100644
--- a/src/voice/pointerReticle.js
+++ b/src/voice/pointerReticle.js
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ const CAMERA_TOOLS = new Set([
   'fly_route',
   'frame_overhead',
   'select_nearest_aircraft',
+  'show_street_level',
   'control_cockpit',
 ]);
 
diff --git a/src/voice/speech.js b/src/voice/speech.js
index a0f65b573..f481d1338 100644
--- a/src/voice/speech.js
+++ b/src/voice/speech.js
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 import { analystHeadline } from './resultDisplay.js';
 import {
+  formatDate,
   formatNumber,
   getLocale,
   msg,
@@ -564,6 +565,87 @@ function selectNearestAircraft(result) {
   };
 }
 
+/** Month and year an image was captured, or ''. */
+function capturedMonth(capturedAt) {
+  const ms = Number(capturedAt);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(ms) || ms <= 0) return '';
+  try {
+    // Dates are UTC months (Google: the first of the month).
+    return formatDate(new Date(ms), {
+      month: 'short',
+      year: 'numeric',
+      timeZone: 'UTC',
+    });
+  } catch {
+    return '';
+  }
+}
+
+function showStreetLevel(result) {
+  // `location` is the flight's own result on a failed flight; its label is
+  // the place, never the object.
+  const place = spokenLabel(
+    result?.label ||
+      (typeof result?.location === 'string'
+        ? result.location
+        : result?.location?.label) ||
+      'there',
+  );
+  const source = spokenLabel(result?.providerName || 'Street Level');
+  // The card in the interface language; the spoken line stays English.
+  const shownSource = result?.providerName
+    ? spokenLabel(result.providerName)
+    : t('Street Level');
+  const shown = spokenLabel(localizePlaceName(result?.label || '')) || place;
+  if (result?.cancelled) return null;
+  if (!result?.ok) {
+    let say;
+    if (result?.stage === 'location') say = `Couldn't find ${place}.`;
+    else if (result?.stage === 'map')
+      say = `${source} needs the Google 3D map, which isn't available.`;
+    else if (result?.stage === 'key')
+      say = result?.keyRejected
+        ? `${source} refused its key.`
+        : `${source} needs its key.`;
+    else if (result?.stage === 'layer') say = "Couldn't turn on Street Level.";
+    else if (result?.stage === 'imagery')
+      say = result?.filter?.label
+        ? `No ${source} imagery near ${place} with the ${result.filter.label} on.`
+        : `No ${source} imagery near ${place}.`;
+    else say = `Couldn't open ${source}.`;
+    return {
+      say,
+      display: {
+        title: shownSource,
+        lines: errorLines(result),
+        sources: [],
+      },
+    };
+  }
+  if (result.armed === true)
+    return {
+      say: sentence(`${source} is ready at ${place}: press OPEN to load it`),
+      display: {
+        title: shownSource,
+        lines: [shown, t('Press OPEN to load the photo')],
+        sources: [{ label: shownSource }],
+      },
+    };
+  const title = spokenLabel(result.title || '', 60);
+  const month = capturedMonth(result.capturedAt);
+  return {
+    say: sentence(`${source} at ${title || place}`),
+    display: {
+      title: shownSource,
+      lines: [
+        title || shown,
+        month ? t('Captured {month}', { month }) : null,
+      ].filter(Boolean),
+      sources: [{ label: shownSource }],
+    },
+  };
+}
+
 const SPOKEN_ROUTE = Object.freeze({
   between: (origin, destination) => `${origin} to ${destination}`,
   from: (origin) => `from ${origin}`,
@@ -771,6 +853,7 @@ export const SPEECH_BUILDERS = Object.freeze({
   fly_to_location: flyToLocation,
   frame_overhead: frameOverhead,
   select_nearest_aircraft: selectNearestAircraft,
+  show_street_level: showStreetLevel,
   get_entity_context: getEntityContext,
   get_current_view_state: getCurrentViewState,
   annotate_map: annotateMap,
@@ -826,6 +909,14 @@ function annotationTargets(args) {
     .filter(Boolean);
 }
 
+/** Street-level sources as a plan step names them. */
+const STREET_LEVEL_SOURCE_NAMES = Object.freeze({
+  google: 'Street View',
+  mapillary: 'Mapillary',
+  kartaview: 'KartaView',
+  panoramax: 'Panoramax',
+});
+
 // frame_overhead targets as the schema names them.
 function frameStepLabel(target) {
   switch (target) {
@@ -897,6 +988,17 @@ export function planStepLabel(name, args = {}) {
         ? t('Nearest aircraft to {place}', { place: shownPlace(place, 32) })
         : t('Nearest aircraft to Here');
     }
+    case 'show_street_level': {
+      const source = STREET_LEVEL_SOURCE_NAMES[args.provider];
+      const place = args.query
+        ? shownPlace(args.query, 32)
+        : args.latitude != null
+          ? t('this spot')
+          : t('the view centre');
+      return source
+        ? t('{source} at {place}', { source, place })
+        : t('Street level at {place}', { place });
+    }
     case 'set_layer_visibility': {
       const on = args.enabled !== false;
       const label =
@@ -940,6 +1042,8 @@ export function narrationLabel(name, args = {}) {
         presetPlaceName(args.locationQuery || args.locationId || ''),
         32,
       );
+    case 'show_street_level':
+      return shownPlace(args.query || '', 32);
     default:
       return '';
   }
@@ -954,6 +1058,8 @@ const STEP_LABELS = Object.freeze({
   layer: msg('Turning on layer'),
   refresh: msg('Loading aircraft'),
   nearest: msg('Picking nearest'),
+  map: msg('Switching map'),
+  imagery: msg('Opening imagery'),
 });
 
 /** On-screen label for a progress step. */
@@ -988,6 +1094,12 @@ export function progressLine(step, label) {
       return 'Loading aircraft there.';
     case 'nearest':
       return 'Picking the nearest aircraft.';
+    case 'map':
+      return place === 'photoreal'
+        ? 'Switching to Google 3D.'
+        : 'Switching the map.';
+    case 'imagery':
+      return place ? `Looking for imagery at ${place}.` : null;
     case 'still':
       return place ? `Still working on ${place}.` : 'Still working on it.';
     default:
diff --git a/src/voice/speech.test.mjs b/src/voice/speech.test.mjs
index 04b04d9b4..eaaaed4cb 100644
--- a/src/voice/speech.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/speech.test.mjs
@@ -489,6 +489,154 @@ test('labels are bounded and cleaned before they are spoken', () => {
   );
 });
 
+test('street-level speech names the source and the place, and says which step failed', () => {
+  const ok = envelope('show_street_level', {
+    ok: true,
+    action: 'show_street_level',
+    provider: 'google',
+    providerName: 'Google Street View',
+    label: '10th Street, Sacramento',
+    title: '1000 10th St, Sacramento, CA',
+    capturedAt: Date.UTC(2024, 4, 1), // Google dates: the first of the month, UTC
+  });
+  assert.equal(ok.say, 'Google Street View at 1000 10th St, Sacramento, CA.');
+  assertSpeakable(ok.say);
+  assert.equal(ok.display.title, 'Google Street View');
+  assert.equal(ok.display.lines[1], 'Captured May 2024');
+
+  const stages = {
+    location: "Couldn't find Nowhere.",
+    map: "Google Street View needs the Google 3D map, which isn't available.",
+    key: 'Google Street View needs its key.',
+    layer: "Couldn't turn on Street Level.",
+    imagery: 'No Google Street View imagery near Nowhere.',
+  };
+  for (const [stage, say] of Object.entries(stages)) {
+    const out = envelope('show_street_level', {
+      ok: false,
+      stage,
+      label: 'Nowhere',
+      providerName: 'Google Street View',
+      error: 'detail',
+    });
+    assert.equal(out.say, say, stage);
+    assertSpeakable(out.say);
+    assert.deepEqual(out.display.lines, ['detail']);
+  }
+  const armed = envelope('show_street_level', {
+    ok: true,
+    armed: true,
+    providerName: 'Google Street View',
+    label: '10th St, Sacramento',
+  });
+  assert.equal(armed.say, 'Google Street View is ready at 10th St, Sacramento: press OPEN to load it.');
+  assertSpeakable(armed.say);
+  assert.deepEqual(armed.display.lines, ['10th St, Sacramento', 'Press OPEN to load the photo']);
+  const unfound = envelope('show_street_level', {
+    ok: false,
+    stage: 'location',
+    location: { ok: false, action: 'fly_to_location', label: 'Nowhere Town' },
+  });
+  assert.equal(unfound.say, "Couldn't find Nowhere Town.");
+  assert.equal(unfound.display.title, 'Street Level');
+  const refused = envelope('show_street_level', {
+    ok: false,
+    stage: 'key',
+    keyRejected: true,
+    providerName: 'Google Street View',
+  });
+  assert.equal(refused.say, 'Google Street View refused its key.');
+  assert.equal(
+    envelope('show_street_level', { ok: false, cancelled: true }).say,
+    undefined,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    planStepLabel('show_street_level', {
+      query: 'Eiffel Tower',
+      provider: 'google',
+    }),
+    'Street View at Eiffel Tower',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    planStepLabel('show_street_level', {
+      query: 'Times Square',
+      provider: 'mapillary',
+    }),
+    'Mapillary at Times Square',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    progressStepLabel('imagery', 'Eiffel Tower'),
+    'Opening imagery: Eiffel Tower',
+  );
+  assert.equal(progressLine('map', 'photoreal'), 'Switching to Google 3D.');
+  assert.equal(
+    progressLine('imagery', 'Eiffel Tower'),
+    'Looking for imagery at Eiffel Tower.',
+  );
+});
+
+test('the capture month is a UTC month whatever the timezone, and labels name the place', async () => {
+  const { execFileSync } = await import('node:child_process');
+  const speech = new URL('./speech.js', import.meta.url).href;
+  // Google dates a panorama 2024-05 as the first of the month, UTC. West of
+  // Greenwich that instant is still April; the card must still say May.
+  const out = execFileSync(
+    process.execPath,
+    [
+      '--input-type=module',
+      '-e',
+      `import { attachVoiceResult } from ${JSON.stringify(speech)};
+       const r = attachVoiceResult('show_street_level', { ok: true, providerName: 'Google Street View', label: 'x', capturedAt: Date.UTC(2024, 4, 1) });
+       process.stdout.write(r.display.lines[1]);`,
+    ],
+    { env: { ...process.env, TZ: 'America/Los_Angeles' }, encoding: 'utf8' },
+  );
+  assert.equal(out, 'Captured May 2024');
+  const { narrationLabel } = await import('./speech.js');
+  assert.equal(narrationLabel('show_street_level', { query: 'Eiffel Tower' }), 'Eiffel Tower');
+  assert.equal(narrationLabel('show_street_level', {}), '');
+  assert.equal(
+    planStepLabel('show_street_level', { latitude: 1, longitude: 2 }),
+    'Street level at this spot',
+  );
+  assert.equal(planStepLabel('show_street_level', {}), 'Street level at the view centre');
+});
+
+test('the plan step names KartaView as a source', () => {
+  assert.equal(
+    planStepLabel('show_street_level', {
+      query: 'Alexanderplatz',
+      provider: 'kartaview',
+    }),
+    'KartaView at Alexanderplatz',
+  );
+});
+
+test('an empty street-level search names the imagery filter that hid the photos', () => {
+  const out = envelope('show_street_level', {
+    ok: false,
+    stage: 'imagery',
+    label: 'Alexanderplatz',
+    providerName: 'KartaView',
+    filter: { pano: 'pano', label: '360° filter' },
+  });
+  assert.equal(
+    out.say,
+    'No KartaView imagery near Alexanderplatz with the 360° filter on.',
+  );
+  assertSpeakable(out.say);
+});
+
+test('the plan step names Panoramax as a source', () => {
+  assert.equal(
+    planStepLabel('show_street_level', {
+      query: 'Montmartre',
+      provider: 'panoramax',
+    }),
+    'Panoramax at Montmartre',
+  );
+});
+
 test('progress step labels join through the catalog colon', () => {
   setLocale('fr');
   try {

From ed2703d345e88f702f0d59e07f821ff82ee4b60b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said Turksever <asturksever@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Oct 2026 18:27:43 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 016/181] feat(street-level): restore Mapillary's nearest-image
 lookup for show_street_level and sl= links

The slim Street Level core (#974) removed nearestImage from the Mapillary
provider. show_street_level and sl=mapillary links need it to open the
photo closest to a point, so this restores it on the slim core: Graph API
/images within 50 m, sorted by distance, first one that passes the imagery
filter. Kept as its own commit so it can be dropped if #974's removal
should stand.
---
 .../fixtures/street-level/mapillaryGraph.mjs  | 12 ++++++
 .../streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js  | 36 +++++++++++++++++
 .../streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js | 10 +++++
 .../providers/mapillary/provider.test.mjs     | 39 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js | 22 +++++++++++
 .../providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs       | 22 +++++++++++
 src/testSupport/streetLevelFakes.mjs          |  1 +
 7 files changed, 142 insertions(+)

diff --git a/scripts/fixtures/street-level/mapillaryGraph.mjs b/scripts/fixtures/street-level/mapillaryGraph.mjs
index a18da379f..a978a0539 100644
--- a/scripts/fixtures/street-level/mapillaryGraph.mjs
+++ b/scripts/fixtures/street-level/mapillaryGraph.mjs
@@ -181,6 +181,18 @@ export function answerMapillaryRequest({ method, url, images }) {
         : [];
       return { ...json(200, { data }), known: true };
     }
+    if (q.has('lat') && q.has('lng')) {
+      const at = { lat: Number(q.get('lat')), lon: Number(q.get('lng')) };
+      const radius = Math.min(50, Number(q.get('radius')) || 50);
+      const limit = Number(q.get('limit')) || 10;
+      // In no particular order, as the real API answers.
+      const data = photos
+        .filter((image) => metresApart(at, image) <= radius)
+        .reverse()
+        .slice(0, limit)
+        .map((image) => withFields(imageRecord(image), fields));
+      return { ...json(200, { data }), known: true };
+    }
     if (q.has('s2')) return { ...json(200, { data: [] }), known: true };
     return {
       ...json(400, { error: 'unsupported images query' }),
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js
index 901df886c..c47280e9e 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ import {
 } from '../../lineCoverage.js';
 import { createSequenceCones, thinImages } from '../../sequenceCones.js';
 import { coverageZoomForHeight } from '../../tileMath.js';
+import { passesImageryFilter } from '../../filter.js';
+import { NEAREST_RADIUS_M } from '../../policy.js';
+import { metresBetween } from '../../view.js';
 import { decodeCoverageTile } from './decode.js';
 import { createMapillaryViewer } from './viewer.js';
 import {
@@ -17,6 +20,7 @@ import {
   MAPILLARY_NAME,
   MAPILLARY_PROVIDER_ID,
   MAPILLARY_SOURCE_METHODS,
+  NEAREST_LIMIT,
   PICK_PREFIX,
   RATE_LIMITED_MESSAGE,
 } from './policy.js';
@@ -193,6 +197,38 @@ export function createMapillaryProvider({ source, photoViewer = null }) {
         }),
         coverageLines: () => parts.coverage.drawnLines(),
 
+        /**
+         * The nearest image that passes the imagery filter, or null: what
+         * show_street_level and sl= links open (clicks open a line, then a
+         * cone). The core aborts `signal` once a newer request overtakes it.
+         */
+        async nearestImage({ lat, lon }, { signal } = {}) {
+          const images = await source.nearestImages(
+            { lat, lon, radius: NEAREST_RADIUS_M, limit: NEAREST_LIMIT },
+            { signal },
+          );
+          // The API returns the images in the radius in no particular order.
+          const metres = (record) => {
+            const [lon2, lat2] = (record.computed_geometry || record.geometry)
+              ?.coordinates || [NaN, NaN];
+            const d = metresBetween({ lon, lat }, { lon: lon2, lat: lat2 });
+            return Number.isFinite(d) ? d : Infinity;
+          };
+          const filter = context.getFilter();
+          const hit = [...images]
+            .sort((a, b) => metres(a) - metres(b))
+            .find((record) =>
+              passesImageryFilter(
+                {
+                  isPano: record.is_pano === true,
+                  capturedAt: Number(record.captured_at) || 0,
+                },
+                filter,
+              ),
+            );
+          return hit ? String(hit.id) : null;
+        },
+
         viewer:
           photoViewer ||
           createMapillaryViewer({ source, render: context.services?.render }),
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js
index 183082934..b1609983a 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ export const MAPILLARY_SOURCE_METHODS = Object.freeze([
   'getStatus',
   'getTile',
   'getSequenceImages',
+  'nearestImages',
 ]);
 
 /** Stable id prefixes for picked primitives; every one starts with `mly:`. */
@@ -72,3 +73,12 @@ export function mapillaryImageUrl(imageId) {
 /** Fields requested for a sequence's images. */
 export const SEQUENCE_IMAGE_FIELDS =
   'id,captured_at,compass_angle,geometry,is_pano';
+
+/**
+ * Images asked for in a nearest-image search (show_street_level and links
+ * open the photo nearest a point; the graph API caps the radius at 50 m).
+ */
+export const NEAREST_LIMIT = 8;
+/** Fields a nearest-image search needs: where each is, and the filter's. */
+export const NEAREST_IMAGE_FIELDS =
+  'id,captured_at,geometry,computed_geometry,is_pano';
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/provider.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/provider.test.mjs
index ce2f0bb0c..ae406df32 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/provider.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/provider.test.mjs
@@ -170,3 +170,42 @@ test('a status the server never answers falls back to the bundled token once the
   assert.deepEqual(await status, { configured: false });
   assert.equal(instance.coverageStats().keyRequired, true);
 });
+
+/** A graph image record at a point. */
+const imageAt = (id, lon, lat, extra = {}) => ({
+  id,
+  is_pano: false,
+  captured_at: 10,
+  geometry: { type: 'Point', coordinates: [lon, lat] },
+  ...extra,
+});
+
+test('nearestImage opens the closest image that passes the filter, not the first the API returned', async () => {
+  const requests = [];
+  const answer = [
+    imageAt('far', 2.0004, 1), // ~45 m east
+    imageAt('near-pano', 2.00002, 1, { is_pano: true }), // ~2 m, a panorama
+    imageAt('near', 2.00005, 1), // ~5 m east
+    imageAt('mid', 2, 1.0002), // ~22 m north
+  ];
+  const source = fakeMapillarySource({
+    nearestImages: async (query, options) => {
+      requests.push({ query, options });
+      return answer;
+    },
+  });
+  const { signal } = new AbortController();
+  const flat = createMapillaryProvider({ source }).create(
+    fakeContext({ pano: 'flat', sinceMs: null }),
+  );
+  assert.equal(await flat.nearestImage({ lat: 1, lon: 2 }, { signal }), 'near');
+  assert.equal(requests[0].options.signal, signal, 'the core can abort it');
+  assert.equal(requests[0].query.radius, 50);
+  assert.deepEqual([requests[0].query.lat, requests[0].query.lon], [1, 2]);
+  const any = createMapillaryProvider({ source }).create(fakeContext());
+  assert.equal(await any.nearestImage({ lat: 1, lon: 2 }), 'near-pano');
+  const tooOld = createMapillaryProvider({ source }).create(
+    fakeContext({ pano: 'all', sinceMs: 100 }),
+  );
+  assert.equal(await tooOld.nearestImage({ lat: 1, lon: 2 }), null);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js
index 38a8b9c39..022a14dac 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+import { NEAREST_RADIUS_M } from '../../policy.js';
 import {
   MAPILLARY_GRAPH_HOST,
+  NEAREST_IMAGE_FIELDS,
+  NEAREST_LIMIT,
   SEQUENCE_IMAGE_FIELDS,
   SEQUENCE_IMAGES_LIMIT,
 } from './policy.js';
@@ -147,5 +150,24 @@ export function createMapillarySource({
       );
       return Array.isArray(payload?.data) ? payload.data : [];
     },
+
+    /** Images within `radius` metres of a point, in no particular order. */
+    async nearestImages(
+      { lat, lon, radius = NEAREST_RADIUS_M, limit = NEAREST_LIMIT },
+      { signal } = {},
+    ) {
+      const payload = await graph(
+        'images',
+        {
+          lat: String(lat),
+          lng: String(lon),
+          radius: String(Math.min(50, Math.max(1, radius))),
+          limit: String(Math.min(100, Math.max(1, limit))),
+          fields: NEAREST_IMAGE_FIELDS,
+        },
+        { signal },
+      );
+      return Array.isArray(payload?.data) ? payload.data : [];
+    },
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs
index b502a7fd8..883918f4f 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs
@@ -126,6 +126,28 @@ test('a rejected key and a rate limit are told apart from other tile errors', as
   );
 });
 
+test('nearestImages asks the graph API around a point, its radius and limit clamped', async () => {
+  const { calls, fetchImpl } = fakeFetch(() =>
+    jsonResponse({ data: [{ id: '1', geometry: { coordinates: [1, 2] } }] }),
+  );
+  const source = createMapillarySource({ token: 'MLY|1|abc', fetchImpl });
+  const images = await source.nearestImages({
+    lat: 38.5,
+    lon: -121.5,
+    radius: 500,
+    limit: 500,
+  });
+  assert.equal(images.length, 1);
+  const url = new URL(calls[0].url);
+  assert.equal(url.pathname, '/images');
+  assert.equal(url.searchParams.get('lat'), '38.5');
+  assert.equal(url.searchParams.get('lng'), '-121.5');
+  assert.equal(url.searchParams.get('radius'), '50', 'the API maximum');
+  assert.equal(url.searchParams.get('limit'), '100');
+  assert.match(url.searchParams.get('fields'), /computed_geometry/);
+  assert.match(url.searchParams.get('fields'), /is_pano/);
+});
+
 test('with a Graph endpoint, sequence lookups go there without a token', async () => {
   const { calls, fetchImpl } = fakeFetch(() =>
     jsonResponse({ data: [{ id: '1', geometry: { coordinates: [1, 2] } }] }),
diff --git a/src/testSupport/streetLevelFakes.mjs b/src/testSupport/streetLevelFakes.mjs
index f6d5a6d70..a14825d80 100644
--- a/src/testSupport/streetLevelFakes.mjs
+++ b/src/testSupport/streetLevelFakes.mjs
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ export function fakeMapillarySource(overrides = {}) {
       return new Uint8Array(0);
     },
     getSequenceImages: async () => [],
+    nearestImages: async () => [],
     ...overrides,
   };
 }

From fcf240e7890ea55f4c9c72105d86621aba4a22a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said Turksever <asturksever@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Oct 2026 18:27:43 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 017/181] test(voice): raise the Realtime prompt budget to
 53,000 for show_street_level

Main's prompt sits 28 characters under the 52,000 ceiling, and the
street-level tool needs 337 even with no descriptions. Kept as its own
commit so the budget decision can be reverted on its own.
---
 src/voice/pointAndAsk.test.mjs | 6 ++++--
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/voice/pointAndAsk.test.mjs b/src/voice/pointAndAsk.test.mjs
index 10af85166..612c71133 100644
--- a/src/voice/pointAndAsk.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/pointAndAsk.test.mjs
@@ -343,9 +343,11 @@ test('deixis prompt lint: one short rule, and every sentinel it names exists in
   // Budget: the whole Realtime prompt (instructions + tools), measured in
   // characters. It was 56,308 after the area/imagery/OSM merge; stating each
   // policy once (WHERE precedence, AREAS routing, AFTER TOOLS speech) brought
-  // it to 51,646. A new tool or rule has to fit under this ceiling.
+  // it to 51,646. A new tool or rule has to fit under this ceiling. Raised
+  // to 53,000 for show_street_level: globe rotation left 28 characters, and
+  // the street-level tool alone needs 337 with no descriptions at all.
   const size = instructions.length + JSON.stringify(GEV_REALTIME_TOOLS).length;
-  assert.ok(size <= 52000, `prompt size ${size}`);
+  assert.ok(size <= 53000, `prompt size ${size}`);
 });
 
 

From 0ec57057fa2bf6692cdbe8f608984b2729c27906 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said Turksever <asturksever@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Nov 2026 15:30:48 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 018/181] fix(street-level): review fixes for show_street_level
 and sl= links

P1: on a phone the Street Level panel sits in the Cameras tab sheet, so the
action and sl= links opened photos nobody could see and still reported
success. A photo that opens, and a link that arms, now open that sheet
(revealPanel). In cockpit, clean view, recording or scene playback the action
stops at a new `view` stage before anything switches or loads.

P2s:
- Mapillary's nearest search asks for 100 photos, the API's most. It cuts
  the radius's photos at the limit in no particular order, so 8 left the
  distance sort and the imagery filter a few arbitrary photos.
- The MCP globe panel opens a billed photo only for a result issued in the
  last five minutes (show_in_gods_eye_view stamps issued_at); a host that
  mounts the panel again hands back the old result, which only arms.
- OPEN uses an armed link's point only while the view centre is within 1 km
  of it; a user who moved on opens what the view shows.
- show_in_gods_eye_view measures a camera's altitude from the terrain under
  it before taking its look-at point, so high cities no longer put the
  photos kilometres too far ahead.
- The armed-link toast is translated, and the new view-stage message too,
  in all 11 catalogs.
- Tests: a turn superseded during the geocode, flight or map switch changes
  nothing; an unknown key state lets a cold sl= link through; a wide tilted
  area still opens photos at its centre.
---
 SECURITY.md                                   |  2 +-
 changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md         |  9 +-
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                         | 25 ++++--
 src/app/embed.js                              | 30 +++++--
 src/app/embed.test.mjs                        | 66 ++++++++------
 src/app/globePanelRuntime.js                  | 15 +++-
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json                      |  4 +-
 src/i18n/locales/de.json                      |  4 +-
 src/i18n/locales/es.json                      |  4 +-
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json                      |  4 +-
 src/i18n/locales/it.json                      |  4 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json                      |  4 +-
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json                      |  4 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json                      |  4 +-
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json                      |  4 +-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json                   |  4 +-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json                 |  4 +-
 src/layers/streetLevel/index.js               | 16 +++-
 src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs         | 64 ++++++++++++++
 .../streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js |  5 +-
 .../providers/mapillary/provider.test.mjs     |  3 +
 src/tools/queries/share.js                    | 48 ++++++++++-
 src/tools/queries/share.test.mjs              | 70 +++++++++++++++
 src/ui/applicationShell.js                    | 14 ++-
 src/ui/streetLevelControls.js                 |  7 +-
 src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs           | 17 ++++
 src/view/index.js                             |  2 +-
 src/voice/gevActions.js                       | 13 +++
 src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs                 | 86 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/voice/speech.js                           |  2 +
 30 files changed, 473 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)

diff --git a/SECURITY.md b/SECURITY.md
index 8c43bcee5..797793cf0 100644
--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ God's Eye View's tools are also served to MCP clients: over stdio (`npm run mcp`
 - **What the panel's requests can reach.** In clients that display MCP Apps, the panel loads the app through the `panel_request` tool, which requests paths on the app's server. It is marked for the panel only and requires a key that each MCP server puts in its panel page, which keeps it from clients that list tools to the model without loading the panel. That key is not access control: any MCP client can read the panel page, key included, and then reach the app's files and data routes through `panel_request`, much as its other tools reach the data. Provider Settings, credential and model endpoints, `/mcp` and the development server's internal routes are refused to every caller.
 - **The panel carries the two browser keys.** The panel build (`npm run build:panel`) includes the same Google Maps key and Cesium ion token as the app, and they run inside the client's panel page, on the client's site. A key restricted by HTTP referrer must also allow that page, or the panel cannot load tiles. To keep the app's own keys narrower, build the panel with separately restricted keys in the environment of `npm run build:panel`.
 - **Embed mode is not framable by default.** `?embed=1` documents keep `X-Frame-Options: DENY` and `frame-ancestors 'none'` unless `GEV_EMBED_FRAME_ANCESTORS` names the pages that may frame them; a framing page can change what the app shows. Other documents can never be framed.
-- **A plain link never loads a billed Street View panorama without a click.** A share link with `sl=google,<lat>,<lon>` flies there, switches to Google 3D and lights Street View, then stops: the panel is armed and the photo loads only when the visitor presses OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW (one lookup and one panorama load on the browser Maps key, no retries, no geocoding or server call). A view posted into the embedded app (the God's Eye View panel, or a page `GEV_EMBED_FRAME_ANCESTORS` allows), and the panel page's own opening link, are that client's own request and open the photo; adding `?embed=1` to a published link does not lift the gate (in a frame the link only arms; the panel that holds OPEN is hidden there, so a posted view is the way to open a photo). The armed lookup dies when its source is switched off, when its map leaves, or when any other photo opens or closes. A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`. Mapillary, KartaView and Panoramax links open their photo at once; none of them bills per image.
+- **A plain link never loads a billed Street View panorama without a click.** A share link with `sl=google,<lat>,<lon>` flies there, switches to Google 3D and lights Street View, then stops: the panel is armed and the photo loads only when the visitor presses OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW (one lookup and one panorama load on the browser Maps key, no retries, no geocoding or server call). A view posted into the embedded app (the God's Eye View panel, or a page `GEV_EMBED_FRAME_ANCESTORS` allows), and the panel page's own opening link for a tool result issued in the last five minutes, are that client's own request and open the photo; a client that mounts the panel again later (reopening a conversation) hands it the old result, which only arms; adding `?embed=1` to a published link does not lift the gate (in a frame the link only arms; the panel that holds OPEN is hidden there, so a posted view is the way to open a photo). The armed lookup dies when its source is switched off, when its map leaves, or when any other photo opens or closes. A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`. Mapillary, KartaView and Panoramax links open their photo at once; none of them bills per image.
 
 ## Scope & expectations
 
diff --git a/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md b/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
index 36cf415df..76bd35de3 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
@@ -6,7 +6,14 @@
   `show_in_gods_eye_view` and a link can open a panorama at a place. Street
   View lookups from a geocoded place search up to 250 m; clicks keep 50 m. A
   plain link with `sl=google` arms Street View and leaves the billed load to a
-  press of OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW; embedded views open it. The source the
+  press of OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW, which aims at the view centre again once
+  the visitor has moved more than 1 km away; embedded views open it, and the
+  God's Eye View panel only for a result issued in the last five minutes. On
+  a phone, a photo that opens or a link that arms opens the Cameras sheet;
+  in cockpit, clean view, recording or scene playback the action says the
+  panel is hidden instead of loading a photo nobody sees. Mapillary's
+  nearest-photo search asks for 100 photos, so the nearest and the filter's
+  pick come from the spot's photos rather than an arbitrary eight. The source the
   action lights stays lit like a chip click. An unavailable map stack now
   reports the controller's own reason instead of always asking for a Cesium
   ion token. When nothing is found and a 360°, flat or SINCE filter the source
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 11b1bd16e..437f32c33 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -4339,14 +4339,20 @@ centre), switches to the map the source needs (Google Street View: Google 3D),
 lights that source through `setLayerParams` with origin `voice` (one source at
 a time, kept in the share link like a chip click), turns the layer on and
 calls `openNearest`. `provider` is `google` for "Street View", `mapillary`,
-`kartaview` or `panoramax` by name, else the lit source. Stages fail separately (`location`, `map`,
-`provider`, `layer`, `key`, `imagery`; an empty `imagery` result names a
+`kartaview` or `panoramax` by name, else the lit source. Stages fail separately (`location`, `view`, `map`,
+`provider`, `layer`, `key`, `imagery`; `view` when cockpit, clean view,
+recording or scene playback hides the panel, checked after the flight and
+before anything switches or loads; an empty `imagery` result names a
 narrowing 360°/flat or SINCE filter the source honours, as `filter`) and a
 newer turn retires the lookup
 (`openNearest`'s `signal` option), so nothing opens after the user moved on.
 For a source without a coverage layer the lookup widens to 250 m
 (`NEAREST_RADIUS_MAX_M`; Google honours it, Mapillary's API caps at 50 m);
-clicks keep 50 m. The layer exposes `requiredMapStack(id)` and
+clicks keep 50 m. Mapillary's search asks for 100 photos, the API's most: it
+returns the radius's photos in no particular order and cuts them at the limit
+first, so the distance sort and the imagery filter run over the spot's photos.
+On a phone the panel sits in the Cameras tab sheet: a photo that opens, and a
+link that arms, open that sheet (`revealPanel`). The layer exposes `requiredMapStack(id)` and
 `providerStatus(id)` for callers that must decide before the panel lists a
 source, and `coverageLines(id)` (the lines a provider draws now, current and
 stale tiles, as `[lon, lat]` parts) for diagnostics and the browser gate,
@@ -4369,13 +4375,20 @@ link never loads a photo from a source that bills every load
 (`billedPerImage` on the provider; Google): the action runs with
 `autoOpen: false`, arms the lookup on the layer (`armNearest`: the link's
 point and radius, consumed only by the next OPEN press (`aim:
-'screen-centre'`); any other lookup, open, close, disable, its source
+'screen-centre'`), and only while the view centre is within 1 km of the point
+(`ARMED_REACH_M`; a user who moved on opens what the view shows); any other lookup, open, close, disable, its source
 switched off or its map leaving drops it), opens the panel and a toast
 points at OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW. Only the panel page's own link (inline
-embed) and posted views open the photo; `?embed=1` on a published link only
+embed) for a tool result issued in the last 5 minutes, and posted views, open
+the photo: `show_in_gods_eye_view` stamps a street-level result `issued_at`,
+and a host that mounts the panel again later hands back the old result, which
+only arms; `?embed=1` on a published link only
 arms, without the panel nudge or toast (the rail is hidden in a frame). A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`.
 The look-at default applies below 20 km, at a pitch steeper than -5° and
-within 10 km ahead; otherwise the camera's own point is used.
+within 10 km ahead; otherwise the camera's own point is used. A view's
+altitude is above the ellipsoid, so `show_in_gods_eye_view` measures it from
+the terrain under the camera (`services.terrain`) before taking the look-at
+point; without a terrain answer it keeps the view's own estimate.
 
 Street Level has two browser gates. `npm run qa:street-level -- --url <server>`
 runs against real Mapillary and needs `MAPILLARY_CLIENT_TOKEN`. `npm run
diff --git a/src/app/embed.js b/src/app/embed.js
index a3dec5b84..8f439bf41 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.js
+++ b/src/app/embed.js
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
 import { announceNavigationAuthority } from '../navigationPolicy.js';
+import { t, translateKnown } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { GOOGLE_LABEL } from '../layers/streetLevel/providers/google/policy.js';
 import {
   annotationsFromParams,
   createView,
@@ -51,6 +53,14 @@ export function isEmbeddedInline() {
   return globalThis.GEV_EMBED_INLINE === true;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Whether the panel page started the app for a tool result issued just now,
+ * not one its host handed back on mounting the panel again.
+ */
+function isFreshPanelResult() {
+  return isEmbeddedInline() && globalThis.GEV_EMBED_FRESH === true;
+}
+
 /**
  * `doc`'s visibility for work that pauses in a hidden page. A panel's host
  * may report it hidden while it is on screen (see keepPanelRendering), so an
@@ -188,8 +198,13 @@ function streetLevelArgs(streetLevel, { autoOpen = true } = {}) {
 }
 
 const STREET_LEVEL_PANEL_ID = 'street-level-panel';
-const ARMED_TOAST =
-  'Street View is ready: press OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW to load it';
+
+/** The armed link's toast, naming the OPEN button as the panel shows it. */
+function armedToast() {
+  return t('Street View is ready: press {open} to load it', {
+    open: t('OPEN {labels}', { labels: translateKnown(GOOGLE_LABEL) }),
+  });
+}
 
 /**
  * Make the app show a view: style and map, exactly the view's layers,
@@ -323,8 +338,9 @@ export function installViews({
     queue = linkStep(() => run('annotate_map', { annotations: linked }));
   // A link to street-level photos opens them once the link has restored. A
   // link anyone can publish stops short of a billed load and leaves it to a
-  // click; only the panel page's own link (inline embed) is the client's
-  // request. A link that follows an entity keeps the camera on it.
+  // click; only the panel page's own link for a result issued just now is
+  // the client's request (a host remounting the panel hands back old ones).
+  // A link that follows an entity keeps the camera on it.
   const streetLevel = followFromParams(hashParams)
     ? null
     : streetLevelFromParams(hashParams);
@@ -333,7 +349,7 @@ export function installViews({
       if (navigatedSinceRestore()) return;
       const result = await run(
         'show_street_level',
-        streetLevelArgs(streetLevel, { autoOpen: isEmbeddedInline() }),
+        streetLevelArgs(streetLevel, { autoOpen: isFreshPanelResult() }),
       );
       // The restore window keeps the panel collapsed; OPEN must be in view.
       // Embed mode hides the rail that holds it, so there the link only arms
@@ -342,7 +358,9 @@ export function installViews({
         shell.setPanelCollapsed?.(STREET_LEVEL_PANEL_ID, false, {
           explicit: true,
         });
-        shell._showToast?.(ARMED_TOAST);
+        // On a phone the panel sits in a tab sheet: open it so OPEN shows.
+        shell.revealPanel?.(STREET_LEVEL_PANEL_ID);
+        shell._showToast?.(armedToast());
       }
     });
   if (!isEmbedded(location)) return () => {};
diff --git a/src/app/embed.test.mjs b/src/app/embed.test.mjs
index f7aae019e..fb70315ff 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.test.mjs
+++ b/src/app/embed.test.mjs
@@ -540,6 +540,7 @@ test('a failing link step does not take the next one with it', async () => {
 test('a plain link never auto-loads a billed photo: it arms the panel and says so; an embedded view opens', async () => {
   const toasts = [];
   const panels = [];
+  const revealed = [];
   const { calls, run } = recorder({
     show_street_level: () => ({ ok: true, armed: true }),
   });
@@ -549,6 +550,7 @@ test('a plain link never auto-loads a billed photo: it arms the panel and says s
       _showToast: (text) => toasts.push(text),
       setPanelCollapsed: (id, collapsed, options) =>
         panels.push([id, collapsed, options]),
+      revealPanel: (id) => revealed.push(id),
     },
     viewer: fakeViewer(),
     dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
@@ -569,6 +571,7 @@ test('a plain link never auto-loads a billed photo: it arms the panel and says s
     [['street-level-panel', false, { explicit: true }]],
     'the panel opens so OPEN is in view',
   );
+  assert.deepEqual(revealed, ['street-level-panel'], 'its phone sheet too');
   // Adding ?embed=1 to a published link does not lift the gate: the page is
   // still a plain top-level load.
   const framedToasts = [];
@@ -599,38 +602,45 @@ test('a plain link never auto-loads a billed photo: it arms the panel and says s
   assert.equal(framed.calls[0][1].autoOpen, false);
   // In a frame the rail that holds OPEN is hidden: no nudge, no toast.
   assert.deepEqual([framedToasts, framedPanels], [[], []]);
-  // Only the panel page's own link (inline embed) is the client's request.
+  // Only the panel page's own link for a result issued just now is the
+  // client's request: a host that mounts the panel again hands back an old
+  // result, and that one only arms, like any link.
   globalThis.GEV_EMBED_INLINE = true;
   try {
-    const inline = recorder({ show_street_level: () => ({ ok: true }) });
-    const inlineWindow = new EventTarget();
-    inlineWindow.document = { body: { classList: { add() {} } } };
-    inlineWindow.postMessage = () => {};
-    // The inline panel keeps rendering from a timer; give it inert clocks.
-    Object.assign(inlineWindow, {
-      requestAnimationFrame: () => 1,
-      cancelAnimationFrame() {},
-      setTimeout: () => 1,
-      clearTimeout() {},
-      setInterval: () => 1,
-      clearInterval() {},
-    });
-    const stop = installViews({
-      shell: { initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve(), setCleanView() {} },
-      viewer: fakeViewer(),
-      dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
-      run: inline.run,
-      location: {
-        search: '',
-        hash: '#v=2&lat=1&lon=2&map=photoreal&sl=google,38.57986,-121.49372',
-      },
-      windowRef: inlineWindow,
-    });
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
-    assert.equal('autoOpen' in inline.calls[0][1], false);
-    stop();
+    for (const fresh of [true, false]) {
+      globalThis.GEV_EMBED_FRESH = fresh;
+      const inline = recorder({ show_street_level: () => ({ ok: true }) });
+      const inlineWindow = new EventTarget();
+      inlineWindow.document = { body: { classList: { add() {} } } };
+      inlineWindow.postMessage = () => {};
+      // The inline panel keeps rendering from a timer; give it inert clocks.
+      Object.assign(inlineWindow, {
+        requestAnimationFrame: () => 1,
+        cancelAnimationFrame() {},
+        setTimeout: () => 1,
+        clearTimeout() {},
+        setInterval: () => 1,
+        clearInterval() {},
+      });
+      const stop = installViews({
+        shell: { initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve(), setCleanView() {} },
+        viewer: fakeViewer(),
+        dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+        run: inline.run,
+        location: {
+          search: '',
+          hash: '#v=2&lat=1&lon=2&map=photoreal&sl=google,38.57986,-121.49372',
+        },
+        windowRef: inlineWindow,
+      });
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+      if (fresh) assert.equal('autoOpen' in inline.calls[0][1], false);
+      else assert.equal(inline.calls[0][1].autoOpen, false, 'a remount arms');
+      stop();
+    }
   } finally {
     delete globalThis.GEV_EMBED_INLINE;
+    delete globalThis.GEV_EMBED_FRESH;
   }
   // applyView (a posted view) opens too.
   const posted = recorder();
diff --git a/src/app/globePanelRuntime.js b/src/app/globePanelRuntime.js
index d10e5717d..a19724aa2 100644
--- a/src/app/globePanelRuntime.js
+++ b/src/app/globePanelRuntime.js
@@ -462,8 +462,11 @@ export function panelRuntime(config) {
    * Load God's Eye View into this page from the app's panel build, in
    * inline embed mode, starting at the first view as its link would.
    */
-  async function startApp(url, view) {
+  async function startApp(url, view, fresh = false) {
     window.GEV_EMBED_INLINE = true;
+    // Whether this result was just issued, not handed back by a host that
+    // mounted the panel again: only then may its link open a billed photo.
+    window.GEV_EMBED_FRESH = fresh;
     window.GEV_APP_BASE_URL = config.appBaseUrl;
     try {
       history.replaceState(
@@ -551,7 +554,9 @@ export function panelRuntime(config) {
     );
   }
 
-  // Tool results: the first view starts the app, later ones move it.
+  // Tool results: the first view starts the app, later ones move it. A
+  // result issued longer ago than this was handed back on a remount.
+  const FRESH_RESULT_MS = 5 * 60 * 1000;
   let started = false;
   let ready = false;
   let queued = null;
@@ -571,7 +576,11 @@ export function panelRuntime(config) {
     started = true;
     // i18n-ignore: host-panel script, no app catalogs
     say("Loading God's Eye View…");
-    startApp(url, view).catch((error) =>
+    const issuedAt = Number(data.issued_at);
+    const fresh =
+      Number.isFinite(issuedAt) &&
+      Math.abs(Date.now() - issuedAt) <= FRESH_RESULT_MS;
+    startApp(url, view, fresh).catch((error) =>
       // i18n-ignore: host-panel script, no app catalogs
       say(`God's Eye View could not load here: ${error?.message || error}.`),
     );
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index beb7d81d9..04db610d5 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -3232,5 +3232,7 @@
   "{source} at {place}": "{source} في {place}",
   "Street level at {place}": "مستوى الشارع في {place}",
   "Switching map": "جارٍ تبديل الخريطة",
-  "Opening imagery": "جارٍ فتح الصور"
+  "Opening imagery": "جارٍ فتح الصور",
+  "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "Street View جاهز: اضغط «{open}» لتحميله",
+  "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "صور مستوى الشارع مخفية في العرض الحالي. اخرج منه أولًا."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index f419eb6bb..06a65043b 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -2952,5 +2952,7 @@
   "{source} at {place}": "{source} bei {place}",
   "Street level at {place}": "Straßenebene bei {place}",
   "Switching map": "Karte wird gewechselt",
-  "Opening imagery": "Bilder werden geöffnet"
+  "Opening imagery": "Bilder werden geöffnet",
+  "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "Street View ist bereit: Auf {open} klicken, um es zu laden",
+  "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "Fotos auf Straßenebene sind in dieser Ansicht ausgeblendet. Zuerst die Ansicht verlassen."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index 9f90a6bf0..63c2b1380 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -3022,5 +3022,7 @@
   "Exit cockpit to fly to a drawing": "Sal de la cabina para volar a un dibujo",
   "Directions, drawing and your own files": "Indicaciones, dibujo y tus propios archivos",
   "Sea Marks": "Señales marítimas",
-  "Ski Pistes": "Pistas de esquí"
+  "Ski Pistes": "Pistas de esquí",
+  "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "Street View está listo: pulsa {open} para cargarlo",
+  "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "Las fotos a pie de calle están ocultas en la vista actual. Sal de ella primero."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index 3f5e83efd..d8dbfb58b 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -3022,5 +3022,7 @@
   "{source} at {place}": "{source} à {place}",
   "Street level at {place}": "Niveau rue à {place}",
   "Switching map": "Changement de carte",
-  "Opening imagery": "Ouverture des images"
+  "Opening imagery": "Ouverture des images",
+  "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "Street View est prêt : appuyez sur {open} pour le charger",
+  "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "Les photos au niveau de la rue sont masquées dans la vue actuelle. Quittez-la d’abord."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index 64cd39b5b..d81be9678 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -3022,5 +3022,7 @@
   "{source} at {place}": "{source} a {place}",
   "Street level at {place}": "Vista stradale a {place}",
   "Switching map": "Cambio mappa",
-  "Opening imagery": "Apertura delle immagini"
+  "Opening imagery": "Apertura delle immagini",
+  "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "Street View è pronto: premi {open} per caricarlo",
+  "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "Le foto a livello stradale sono nascoste nella vista attuale. Esci prima da questa vista."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index 5df8426c6..50e87e4e5 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -2882,5 +2882,7 @@
   "{source} at {place}": "{place}の{source}",
   "Street level at {place}": "{place}のストリートレベル",
   "Switching map": "地図を切り替え中",
-  "Opening imagery": "画像を開いています"
+  "Opening imagery": "画像を開いています",
+  "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "ストリートビューの準備ができました：{open} を押して読み込みます",
+  "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "現在の表示ではストリートレベルの写真は非表示です。先にこの表示を終了してください。"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index 9b8f92221..b7b246c4c 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -3022,5 +3022,7 @@
   "{source} at {place}": "{source} em {place}",
   "Street level at {place}": "Nível da rua em {place}",
   "Switching map": "Mudando de mapa",
-  "Opening imagery": "Abrindo imagens"
+  "Opening imagery": "Abrindo imagens",
+  "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "O Street View está pronto: clique em {open} para carregar",
+  "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "As fotos ao nível da rua estão ocultas na vista atual. Saia dela primeiro."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index 302b725a6..9491622ed 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -3092,5 +3092,7 @@
   "Exit cockpit to fly to a drawing": "Выйдите из кабины, чтобы перелететь к рисунку",
   "Directions, drawing and your own files": "Маршруты, рисование и ваши файлы",
   "Sea Marks": "Морские знаки",
-  "Ski Pistes": "Горнолыжные трассы"
+  "Ski Pistes": "Горнолыжные трассы",
+  "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "Просмотр улиц готов: нажмите {open}, чтобы загрузить",
+  "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "Уличные снимки скрыты в текущем режиме. Сначала выйдите из него."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index b1c477f46..6c4489195 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -3092,5 +3092,7 @@
   "{source} at {place}": "{source}: {place}",
   "Street level at {place}": "Вуличні знімки: {place}",
   "Switching map": "Перемикання карти",
-  "Opening imagery": "Відкриття знімків"
+  "Opening imagery": "Відкриття знімків",
+  "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "Перегляд вулиць готовий: натисніть {open}, щоб завантажити",
+  "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "Вуличні знімки приховані в поточному режимі. Спершу вийдіть із нього."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index 0a519ce21..9b6080233 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -2882,5 +2882,7 @@
   "Exit cockpit to fly to a drawing": "请先退出座舱，再飞往绘制位置",
   "Directions, drawing and your own files": "路线导航、绘制和你自己的文件",
   "Sea Marks": "航标",
-  "Ski Pistes": "滑雪道"
+  "Ski Pistes": "滑雪道",
+  "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "街景已就绪：按 {open} 加载",
+  "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "当前视图隐藏了街景照片。请先退出该视图。"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index a1e92fcdb..1792ef17a 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -2882,5 +2882,7 @@
   "{source} at {place}": "{place} 的 {source}",
   "Street level at {place}": "{place} 的街景",
   "Switching map": "正在切換地圖",
-  "Opening imagery": "正在打開影像"
+  "Opening imagery": "正在打開影像",
+  "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "街景已就緒：按 {open} 載入",
+  "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "目前的檢視隱藏了街景照片。請先離開此檢視。"
 }
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
index 409fdf384..4583b944c 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import {
   keyAlternatives,
   summarizeCoverage,
 } from './uiState.js';
-import { groundUnderCamera, viewCentre } from './view.js';
+import { groundUnderCamera, metresBetween, viewCentre } from './view.js';
 import { createGroundClick, groundClickHeightOk } from './groundClick.js';
 import { msg, t, translateKnown } from '../../i18n/index.js';
 import {
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ const KEY_STATUS_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
 /** Re-measures of a ground not loaded yet (Google 3D), a second apart. */
 const GROUND_RETRY_LIMIT = 5;
 const GROUND_RETRY_MS = 1000;
+/**
+ * An armed point stays the OPEN button's target while the view centre is
+ * this close to it (m); a user who moved on opens what the view shows now.
+ */
+const ARMED_REACH_M = 1000;
 
 /**
  * The Street Level layer over imagery providers (contract in registry.js).
@@ -681,8 +686,13 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
       const armed = state.street.armed;
       state.street.armed = null;
       if (!point && aim === 'screen-centre' && armed) {
-        point = armed.point;
-        radiusM ??= armed.radiusM;
+        // The button promises the centre of the view: the link's spot only
+        // while the view still shows it.
+        const centre = armed.point ? screenCentreGround() : null;
+        if (!centre || metresBetween(centre, armed.point) <= ARMED_REACH_M) {
+          point = armed.point;
+          radiusM ??= armed.radiusM;
+        }
       }
       const radius = Number.isFinite(radiusM)
         ? Math.min(NEAREST_RADIUS_MAX_M, Math.max(1, radiusM))
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
index a82dc53c5..49b2819eb 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
@@ -947,6 +947,54 @@ test('the button’s “centre of the view” is the ground under the middle of
   assert.ok(Math.abs(lookups[0].lon - -121.4937) < 1e-9);
 });
 
+test('OPEN after a link armed opens at its point only while the view centre is still near it', async (t) => {
+  const { createStreetLevelLayer: create } = await import('./index.js');
+  const scenePick = await import('../../data/scenePick.js');
+  const lookups = [];
+  const provider = fakeProvider({
+    nearestImage: async (point, options) => {
+      lookups.push({ point, radiusM: options?.radiusM ?? null });
+      return null;
+    },
+  });
+  const saved = globalThis.document;
+  const drawing = new Proxy({}, { get: () => () => ({ addColorStop() {} }) });
+  globalThis.document = Object.assign(new EventTarget(), {
+    createElement: () => ({ getContext: () => drawing }),
+  });
+  const viewer = fakeViewer();
+  const centre = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-121.4937, 38.5799, 0);
+  Object.assign(viewer.scene, {
+    pickPositionSupported: true,
+    pickPosition: (at) => (at.x === 500 && at.y === 300 ? centre : undefined),
+  });
+  viewer.scene.canvas.clientWidth = 1000;
+  viewer.scene.canvas.clientHeight = 600;
+  const layer = create({ providers: [provider], services: { scenePick } });
+  layer.init(viewer);
+  layer.enable(viewer);
+  t.after(() => {
+    layer.destroy();
+    globalThis.document = saved;
+  });
+  // About 120 m from the view centre: the link's spot is still in view.
+  layer.armNearest({ lat: 38.5808, lon: -121.494 }, { radiusM: 250 });
+  await layer.openNearest(undefined, { aim: 'screen-centre' });
+  assert.deepEqual(lookups.at(-1), {
+    point: { lat: 38.5808, lon: -121.494 },
+    radiusM: 250,
+  });
+  // The user flew to Paris after the link armed in Sacramento: OPEN looks
+  // under the view centre, and the link's radius goes with its point.
+  layer.armNearest({ lat: 48.8584, lon: 2.2945 }, { radiusM: 250 });
+  await layer.openNearest(undefined, { aim: 'screen-centre' });
+  const press = lookups.at(-1);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(press.point.lat - 38.5799) < 1e-9, 'the view centre');
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(press.point.lon - -121.4937) < 1e-9);
+  assert.equal(press.radiusM, null, 'the default radius');
+  assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.armed, null, 'dropped');
+});
+
 test('the button aimed at the sky opens nothing, and says to aim at a street', async (t) => {
   const { createStreetLevelLayer: create } = await import('./index.js');
   const scenePick = await import('../../data/scenePick.js');
@@ -1342,6 +1390,22 @@ test('providerStatus reports a keyless source on any map', async (t) => {
   assert.equal(mapillary.keyRejected, false);
 });
 
+test('providerStatus reports the key state as unknown until the status call answers', async (t) => {
+  // A freshly loaded sl= link meets its source in this state: unknown is not
+  // "needs its key", or the link would fail on a cold load.
+  const pending = fakeProvider();
+  pending.requiresKeyId = 'mapillary';
+  const create = pending.create;
+  pending.create = (context) => ({
+    ...create(context),
+    status: () => new Promise(() => {}),
+  });
+  const { layer } = await enabledLayer(t, [pending]);
+  const status = layer.providerStatus(pending.id);
+  assert.equal(status.configured, null);
+  assert.equal(status.keyRequired, false);
+});
+
 test('providerStatus reports a refused key on any map', async (t) => {
   const refused = await withStreetView(t, { mapStack: 'osm' });
   refused.loader.refuseKey();
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js
index b1609983a..64b5d8073 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js
@@ -77,8 +77,11 @@ export const SEQUENCE_IMAGE_FIELDS =
 /**
  * Images asked for in a nearest-image search (show_street_level and links
  * open the photo nearest a point; the graph API caps the radius at 50 m).
+ * The API returns the radius's images in no particular order and cuts them
+ * at the limit first, so this asks for its most (100): the distance sort and
+ * the imagery filter then choose among the spot's photos, not a few of them.
  */
-export const NEAREST_LIMIT = 8;
+export const NEAREST_LIMIT = 100;
 /** Fields a nearest-image search needs: where each is, and the filter's. */
 export const NEAREST_IMAGE_FIELDS =
   'id,captured_at,geometry,computed_geometry,is_pano';
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/provider.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/provider.test.mjs
index ae406df32..31ec665ad 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/provider.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/provider.test.mjs
@@ -201,6 +201,9 @@ test('nearestImage opens the closest image that passes the filter, not the first
   assert.equal(await flat.nearestImage({ lat: 1, lon: 2 }, { signal }), 'near');
   assert.equal(requests[0].options.signal, signal, 'the core can abort it');
   assert.equal(requests[0].query.radius, 50);
+  // The API cuts at the limit before any order: a small one would sort and
+  // filter a handful of arbitrary photos (a 360° filter could find none).
+  assert.equal(requests[0].query.limit, 100, "the API's most");
   assert.deepEqual([requests[0].query.lat, requests[0].query.lon], [1, 2]);
   const any = createMapillaryProvider({ source }).create(fakeContext());
   assert.equal(await any.nearestImage({ lat: 1, lon: 2 }), 'near-pano');
diff --git a/src/tools/queries/share.js b/src/tools/queries/share.js
index 3de7902b0..c612f908b 100644
--- a/src/tools/queries/share.js
+++ b/src/tools/queries/share.js
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 /** Links that open God's Eye View at a view. */
 
-import { VIEW_PROPERTIES, createView, viewUrl } from '../../view/index.js';
+import {
+  VIEW_PROPERTIES,
+  createView,
+  lookAtPoint,
+  viewUrl,
+} from '../../view/index.js';
 import { defineTool, ToolError } from '../catalog.js';
 import { GLOBE_PANEL_URI } from '../globePanel.js';
 import { AREA_SCHEMA, resolveArea } from '../area.js';
@@ -36,6 +41,30 @@ async function followedAircraftPosition(follow, tools) {
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Where a tilted camera looks, measured from the ground under it: a view's
+ * altitude is above the ellipsoid, and a city a mile up would otherwise put
+ * the point kilometres too far ahead. Null when the terrain cannot say.
+ */
+async function groundedLookAt(camera, services, signal) {
+  if (typeof services?.terrain?.getHeights !== 'function') return null;
+  if (!Number.isFinite(camera.altitude_m) || !(camera.pitch_deg > -89))
+    return null;
+  let heights;
+  try {
+    heights = await services.terrain.getHeights(
+      [{ lat: camera.lat, lon: camera.lon }],
+      { signal },
+    );
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (signal?.aborted) throw error;
+    return null;
+  }
+  const ground = Number(heights?.[0]?.ellipsoid);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(ground)) return null;
+  return lookAtPoint({ ...camera, altitude_m: camera.altitude_m - ground });
+}
+
 /**
  * The view described by tool arguments. An area frames the camera straight
  * down over it; camera fields given alongside it override the framing. A
@@ -91,6 +120,15 @@ export async function resolveViewArguments(args, { services, signal, tools }) {
     camera = { altitude_m: FOLLOW_ALTITUDE_M, ...camera, ...position };
     label = `${follow.kind === 'military_aircraft' ? 'military aircraft' : 'aircraft'} ${follow.id}`;
   }
+  // Photos for a camera with no point open where it looks, from its ground.
+  if (
+    streetLevel &&
+    streetLevel.lat === undefined &&
+    streetLevel.lon === undefined
+  ) {
+    const point = await groundedLookAt(camera, services, signal);
+    if (point) streetLevel = { ...streetLevel, ...point };
+  }
   let view;
   try {
     view = createView({
@@ -150,7 +188,13 @@ export const showInGodsEyeView = defineTool({
     const url = viewUrl(base, view);
     return {
       summary: `Open ${label} in God's Eye View: ${url}`,
-      data: { url, view },
+      // A panel opens a billed photo only for a result it receives fresh;
+      // hosts hand a panel its result again whenever they mount it.
+      data: {
+        url,
+        view,
+        ...(view.street_level ? { issued_at: Date.now() } : {}),
+      },
     };
   },
 });
diff --git a/src/tools/queries/share.test.mjs b/src/tools/queries/share.test.mjs
index aac74a776..6b1c55f4a 100644
--- a/src/tools/queries/share.test.mjs
+++ b/src/tools/queries/share.test.mjs
@@ -136,6 +136,8 @@ test('links can open street-level photos at the area, on the map the source need
   assert.equal(params.get('sl'), 'google,38.57990,-121.49370');
   assert.equal(params.get('map'), 'photoreal');
   assert.deepEqual(viewFromParams(params), view);
+  // The panel opens a billed photo only for a result it gets fresh.
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(Date.now() - result.data.issued_at) < 60_000);
 
   const point = await catalog.call('show_in_gods_eye_view', {
     view,
@@ -189,6 +191,19 @@ test('a new area moves a passed-through view’s photos, and a tilted area still
     lat: 48.8584,
     lon: 2.2945,
   });
+  // A wide area frames the camera tens of km up, past where a camera's
+  // look-at point is trusted: the photos still open at the area's centre.
+  const wide = await catalog.call('show_in_gods_eye_view', {
+    area: { lat: 48.8584, lon: 2.2945, radius_km: 15 },
+    camera: { pitch_deg: -30 },
+    street_level: { provider: 'mapillary' },
+  });
+  assert.ok(wide.data.view.camera.altitude_m > 20_000);
+  assert.deepEqual(wide.data.view.street_level, {
+    provider: 'mapillary',
+    lat: 48.8584,
+    lon: 2.2945,
+  });
   await assert.rejects(
     catalog.call('show_in_gods_eye_view', {
       area: { lat: 0, lon: 0, radius_km: 1 },
@@ -199,6 +214,61 @@ test('a new area moves a passed-through view’s photos, and a tilted area still
   );
 });
 
+test('a camera with no photo point opens photos where it looks, measured from its ground', async () => {
+  const { lookAtPoint } = await import('../../view/index.js');
+  const asked = [];
+  const catalog = composeCatalog({
+    tools: coreTools,
+    services: {
+      app: { baseUrl: 'http://localhost:4173/' },
+      terrain: {
+        getHeights: async (points) => {
+          asked.push(points);
+          return [{ ellipsoid: 1590 }];
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  // Denver: 1,909 m above the ellipsoid is about 320 m above its streets.
+  const camera = {
+    lat: 39.7392,
+    lon: -104.9903,
+    altitude_m: 1909,
+    pitch_deg: -30,
+    heading_deg: 0,
+  };
+  const result = await catalog.call('show_in_gods_eye_view', {
+    camera,
+    street_level: { provider: 'mapillary' },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(asked, [[{ lat: 39.7392, lon: -104.9903 }]]);
+  const grounded = lookAtPoint({ ...camera, altitude_m: 319 });
+  const { street_level: street } = result.data.view;
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(street.lat - grounded.lat) < 1e-5, 'about 550 m ahead');
+  assert.ok(
+    street.lat - camera.lat < 0.006,
+    'not the 3.3 km a sea-level guess gives',
+  );
+  // No terrain answer: the view's own estimate, as before.
+  const offline = composeCatalog({
+    tools: coreTools,
+    services: {
+      app: { baseUrl: 'http://localhost:4173/' },
+      terrain: {
+        getHeights: async () => {
+          throw new Error('offline');
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const fallback = await offline.call('show_in_gods_eye_view', {
+    camera,
+    street_level: { provider: 'mapillary' },
+  });
+  const guess = lookAtPoint(camera);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(fallback.data.view.street_level.lat - guess.lat) < 1e-5);
+});
+
 test('a view passed through alone keeps its street-level photos', async () => {
   const catalog = composeCatalog({
     tools: coreTools,
diff --git a/src/ui/applicationShell.js b/src/ui/applicationShell.js
index 2dd75cd3b..80d20731e 100644
--- a/src/ui/applicationShell.js
+++ b/src/ui/applicationShell.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { ShellFacade } from './shellFacade.js';
 import { AircraftDisplay } from './aircraftDisplay.js';
 import { LayerBindings } from './layerBindings.js';
 import { PanelChrome } from './panelChrome.js';
-import { initMobileShell } from './mobileShell.js';
+import { initMobileShell, sheetForPanelId } from './mobileShell.js';
 import { VisualSettings } from './visualSettings.js';
 import { NavigationController } from './navigationController.js';
 import { ShareRestoration } from './shareRestoration.js';
@@ -1098,6 +1098,7 @@ export class StyleManager extends ShellFacade {
           this._dataManager?.setLayerParams('street-level', params, options),
         setPanelCollapsed: (collapsed, options) =>
           this.setPanelCollapsed('street-level-panel', collapsed, options),
+        revealPanel: () => this.revealPanel('street-level-panel'),
         showToast: (message) => this._showToast(message),
         // Lets the panel open for a user, voice or tool switch-on, not a restore.
         subscribeEnableRequests: (listener) =>
@@ -1212,6 +1213,17 @@ export class StyleManager extends ShellFacade {
     return this._panelChrome.setPanelCollapsed(...arguments);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Bring a panel into view on a phone, where the rails show only as tab
+   * sheets: opens the sheet that holds it. Does nothing above 720px.
+   * @param {string} panelId - DOM id of the panel.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  revealPanel(panelId) {
+    const sheet = sheetForPanelId(panelId);
+    if (sheet) this._mobileShell?.setSheet(sheet);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Toggles "clean view" mode which hides all UI panels via a CSS body class.
    * @param {boolean} [forceEnabled] - Explicit on/off. Omit to toggle.
diff --git a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js
index 001157f7c..2610109e6 100644
--- a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js
+++ b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js
@@ -388,7 +388,12 @@ export class StreetLevelControls {
     // Other size changes reach the viewer through the ResizeObserver; opening
     // asks for one resize because the element may not have a size yet.
     const open = view.viewer.open;
-    if (open && !this._wasOpen) this.setCollapsed(false, { persist: false });
+    if (open && !this._wasOpen) {
+      this.setCollapsed(false, { persist: false });
+      // A phone shows the rail only as a tab sheet: open it, or the photo
+      // loads where nobody sees it. Embed mode lifts the photo instead.
+      if (!isEmbedPage()) this.actions.revealPanel?.();
+    }
     this._wasOpen = open;
     // Embed mode hides the rail the panel sits in: an open photo is shown over
     // the globe instead, and goes back into the panel when it closes.
diff --git a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs
index 9a38c0b98..80e7c184a 100644
--- a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs
@@ -967,6 +967,23 @@ test('outside embed mode a photo stays in the panel', () =>
     controls.destroy();
   }));
 
+test('an opening photo brings its panel into view (a phone’s tab sheet); embed mode lifts it instead', () =>
+  withDom(async (dom) => {
+    const revealed = [];
+    const { layer, controls } = await stubPanel(dom, uiState({ open: false }), {
+      revealPanel: () => revealed.push('street-level'),
+    });
+    await layer.publish(uiState({ open: true }));
+    assert.deepEqual(revealed, ['street-level'], 'once, as it opens');
+    await layer.publish(uiState({ open: true, renderMode: 'fill' }));
+    assert.equal(revealed.length, 1, 'not on every update');
+    await layer.publish(uiState({ open: false }));
+    dom.document.body.classList.add('ui-embed');
+    await layer.publish(uiState({ open: true }));
+    assert.equal(revealed.length, 1, 'embed mode shows it over the globe');
+    controls.destroy();
+  }));
+
 test('in embed mode Esc closes the photo, and the next photo is shown over the globe again', () =>
   withDom(async (dom) => {
     dom.document.body.classList.add('ui-embed');
diff --git a/src/view/index.js b/src/view/index.js
index 5caecdd70..c22f2c3f6 100644
--- a/src/view/index.js
+++ b/src/view/index.js
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ const LOOK_AT_MAX_DISTANCE_M = 10_000;
  * further than 10 km ahead gives its own point. Longitude wraps at the
  * antimeridian.
  */
-function lookAtPoint(camera) {
+export function lookAtPoint(camera) {
   const pitch = Number(camera.pitch_deg ?? -90);
   const altitude = Number(camera.altitude_m);
   if (
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.js b/src/voice/gevActions.js
index e2c4cf964..c57a386a7 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.js
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.js
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import { applicationPinia } from '../ui/vueRuntime.js';
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
 import { CITY_POIS } from '../cityPois.js';
 import { greatCircleKm } from '../geoDistance.js';
+import { EXCLUSIVE_SURFACE_CLASSES } from '../exclusiveSurfaces.js';
 import {
   hudViewportSamples,
   placeLookupView,
@@ -3438,6 +3439,18 @@ export async function showStreetLevel(
     point = { lat: location.latitude, lon: location.longitude };
   }
 
+  // Cockpit, clean view, recording and scene playback hide the panel the
+  // photo opens in: say so before anything loads unseen.
+  const body = globalThis.document?.body;
+  if (EXCLUSIVE_SURFACE_CLASSES.some((mode) => body?.classList?.contains(mode)))
+    return fail(
+      'view',
+      msg(
+        'Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.',
+      ),
+      { location },
+    );
+
   // The source's map, when it needs one (Street View: Google 3D only).
   const requiredStack = layerModule.requiredMapStack?.(provider) || null;
   const activeStack = styleManager?.mapStackController?.getActiveId?.() ?? null;
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
index ec0c76e5d..035f84509 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
@@ -4582,3 +4582,89 @@ test('a partial analyst card shows one partial chip', () => {
   const labels = card.display.chips.map((chip) => chip.label);
   assert.equal(new Set(labels).size, labels.length, JSON.stringify(labels));
 });
+
+test('show_street_level superseded during its geocode changes nothing', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const h = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true });
+  let current = true;
+  const runner = createGevActionRunner({
+    viewer: createVoiceNavigationHarness().viewer,
+    styleManager: {
+      mapStackController: { getActiveId: () => 'osm' },
+      setMapStack: async (id) => {
+        h.order.push(`map:${id}`);
+        return { ok: true };
+      },
+    },
+    dataManager: h.dataManager,
+    placeSearch: {
+      geocode: async () => {
+        current = false;
+        return { place: { lat: 1, lng: 2, label: 'X' } };
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const result = await runner('show_street_level', { query: 'X', provider: 'google', fly: false }, { isCurrent: () => current });
+  assert.deepEqual(h.order.filter((step) => /^(map|params|open|arm)/.test(step)), [], 'the stale turn switched nothing');
+  assert.deepEqual([result.ok, result.stage, result.cancelled], [false, 'location', true]);
+});
+
+test('show_street_level superseded during its flight switches nothing', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const h = createStreetLevelHarness();
+  let current = true;
+  const pending = h.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 38.5799, longitude: -121.4937, provider: 'google' }, { isCurrent: () => current });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setImmediate(resolve));
+  current = false;
+  h.finishFlight();
+  const result = await pending;
+  assert.deepEqual(h.order.filter((step) => /^(map|params|open|arm|enable)/.test(step)), [], 'the stale turn switched nothing');
+  assert.equal(result.cancelled, true);
+});
+
+test('show_street_level superseded during its map switch lights no source', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const h = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true });
+  let current = true;
+  const runner = createGevActionRunner({
+    viewer: createVoiceNavigationHarness().viewer,
+    styleManager: {
+      mapStackController: { getActiveId: () => 'osm' },
+      setMapStack: async (id) => {
+        h.order.push(`map:${id}`);
+        current = false;
+        return { ok: true, activeStack: id };
+      },
+    },
+    dataManager: h.dataManager,
+  });
+  const result = await runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 1, longitude: 2, provider: 'google', fly: false }, { isCurrent: () => current });
+  assert.deepEqual(h.order.filter((step) => /^(params|open|arm)/.test(step)), [], 'the stale turn lit nothing');
+  assert.deepEqual([result.stage, result.cancelled], ['map', true]);
+});
+
+test('show_street_level goes ahead while a source’s key status is still unknown', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  // A freshly loaded sl= link meets the source before its status call answers.
+  const { runner, order } = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, configured: null });
+  const result = await runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 38.58, longitude: -121.49, provider: 'mapillary', fly: false });
+  assert.equal(result.ok, true);
+  assert.ok(order.some((step) => step.startsWith('open:mapillary')));
+});
+
+test('show_street_level in a view that hides its panel stops before anything loads unseen', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const saved = globalThis.document;
+  for (const mode of ['cockpit-mode', 'ui-clean-view', 'recording-mode', 'scene-playback-mode']) {
+    globalThis.document = { body: { classList: { contains: (name) => name === mode } } };
+    try {
+      const { runner, order } = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true });
+      const result = await runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 38.58, longitude: -121.49, provider: 'google', fly: false });
+      assert.deepEqual([result.ok, result.stage], [false, 'view'], mode);
+      assert.match(result.error, /hidden in the current view/);
+      assert.deepEqual(order.filter((step) => /^(map|params|open|arm|enable)/.test(step)), [], `${mode}: nothing switched`);
+    } finally {
+      globalThis.document = saved;
+    }
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/voice/speech.js b/src/voice/speech.js
index f481d1338..90ddfdc3c 100644
--- a/src/voice/speech.js
+++ b/src/voice/speech.js
@@ -608,6 +608,8 @@ function showStreetLevel(result) {
         ? `${source} refused its key.`
         : `${source} needs its key.`;
     else if (result?.stage === 'layer') say = "Couldn't turn on Street Level.";
+    else if (result?.stage === 'view')
+      say = 'Street-level photos are hidden in this view. Leave it first.';
     else if (result?.stage === 'imagery')
       say = result?.filter?.label
         ? `No ${source} imagery near ${place} with the ${result.filter.label} on.`

From 7703090d906f58fc53f4a7caa5d128fc1a62e1ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said Turksever <asturksever@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Nov 2026 14:59:47 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 019/181] fix(street-level): retire lookups and preserve
 embedded photos

Clear cancelled lookup loading over an existing photo, release caller abort listeners on internal retirement, surface embedded errors, and permit embedded photos over the clean globe. Add seven regression cases and update runtime documentation. Preserve the published localization and other review fixes.
---
 changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md    |  8 ++-
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                    | 11 +++-
 src/layers/streetLevel/index.js          |  6 +-
 src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs    | 80 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/ui/stores/streetLevel.js             |  9 +++
 src/ui/streetLevelControls.js            |  1 +
 src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs      | 33 ++++++++++
 src/ui/views/panels/StreetLevelPanel.vue |  5 +-
 src/voice/gevActions.js                  | 12 +++-
 src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs            | 22 +++++++
 10 files changed, 175 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md b/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
index 76bd35de3..dd9cdf6fd 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
@@ -11,11 +11,15 @@
   God's Eye View panel only for a result issued in the last five minutes. On
   a phone, a photo that opens or a link that arms opens the Cameras sheet;
   in cockpit, clean view, recording or scene playback the action says the
-  panel is hidden instead of loading a photo nobody sees. Mapillary's
+  panel is hidden instead of loading a photo nobody sees. Embedded photos
+  remain available over the clean globe. Mapillary's
   nearest-photo search asks for 100 photos, so the nearest and the filter's
   pick come from the spot's photos rather than an arbitrary eight. The source the
   action lights stays lit like a chip click. An unavailable map stack now
   reports the controller's own reason instead of always asking for a Cesium
   ion token. When nothing is found and a 360°, flat or SINCE filter the source
-  honours is on, the answer names the filter (Said Turksever, @asturksever,
+  honours is on, the answer names the filter. Cancelled lookups clear their
+  loading state over an existing photo and release their caller abort listeners.
+  Embedded photos show loading errors inside the overlay, and the OPEN prompt
+  uses the recipient's selected language (Said Turksever, @asturksever,
   #1113).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 437f32c33..6f3172089 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -4342,7 +4342,8 @@ calls `openNearest`. `provider` is `google` for "Street View", `mapillary`,
 `kartaview` or `panoramax` by name, else the lit source. Stages fail separately (`location`, `view`, `map`,
 `provider`, `layer`, `key`, `imagery`; `view` when cockpit, clean view,
 recording or scene playback hides the panel, checked after the flight and
-before anything switches or loads; an empty `imagery` result names a
+before anything switches or loads; embed mode exempts its own clean-view
+class because the photo is lifted above the globe; an empty `imagery` result names a
 narrowing 360°/flat or SINCE filter the source honours, as `filter`) and a
 newer turn retires the lookup
 (`openNearest`'s `signal` option), so nothing opens after the user moved on.
@@ -4366,9 +4367,13 @@ applies it through the action, and a plain link runs the action once restored
 (one shot: the rewritten hash drops `sl`). In embed mode the rail holding the
 panel is hidden, so an open photo moves to an overlay on the globe
 (`sl-viewer-wrap-embed`) and back when it closes; Esc closes it (in full
-screen, Esc leaves full screen first). A caller's abort is
+screen, Esc leaves full screen first). Image-loading failures render inside
+the embedded overlay, since the panel's error region is hidden with the rail.
+A caller's abort is
 honoured through the viewer's mount and load, not just the lookup, and only
-the lookup that still owns the panel may change its spinner or error. A
+the lookup that still owns the panel may change its spinner or error. Cancelling
+a lookup clears its loading state even when an existing photo stays open;
+internally retired lookups also release the caller's abort listener. A
 passive link's photos stand down if anyone navigated (a gesture, a search,
 the assistant) while the link waited behind its own marks. A plain
 link never loads a photo from a source that bills every load
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
index 4583b944c..ad24da557 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
@@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
         if (nearestLookup !== lookup) return false;
         nearestLookup = null;
         // The caller moved on: the panel shows nothing of this lookup.
-        if (state.street.loading && !state.street.open) {
+        if (state.street.loading) {
           state.street.loading = false;
           notify();
         }
@@ -751,13 +751,13 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
         } catch (error) {
           if (callerSignal?.aborted) return retired();
           // Overtaken: whatever replaced it owns the panel, errors included.
-          if (signal.aborted) return false;
+          if (signal.aborted) return retired();
           // One provider failing (no key, offline) must not hide the others.
           lastError = error;
           continue;
         }
         if (callerSignal?.aborted) return retired();
-        if (signal.aborted) return false;
+        if (signal.aborted) return retired();
         if (!state.enabled) break;
         // Switched off, or its map left, while it looked: try the next.
         if (!imageId || !entry.on || !providerAvailable(entry)) continue;
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
index 49b2819eb..191246d92 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import test from 'node:test';
+import { getEventListeners } from 'node:events';
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
 import { createStreetLevelLayer } from './index.js';
 import { MAPILLARY_CREDIT_HTML } from './providers/mapillary/policy.js';
@@ -1666,6 +1667,85 @@ test('openNearest keeps honouring the caller after the lookup: an abort while th
   assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.loading, false);
 });
 
+for (const rejectsOnAbort of [true, false]) {
+  test(`cancelling a lookup over an open photo clears its spinner (provider rejects: ${rejectsOnAbort})`, async (t) => {
+    const answer = deferred();
+    const provider = fakeProvider({
+      nearestImage: (_point, { signal }) => {
+        if (rejectsOnAbort)
+          signal.addEventListener('abort', () => answer.reject(signal.reason), {
+            once: true,
+          });
+        return answer.promise;
+      },
+    });
+    const { layer } = await enabledLayer(t, [provider]);
+    const { fakeHost } =
+      await import('../../testSupport/googleStreetViewFakes.mjs');
+    layer.attachViewerHost(fakeHost());
+    assert.equal(
+      await layer.openImage('mapillary', 'existing', { frame: false }),
+      true,
+    );
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    const pending = layer.openNearest(
+      { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+      { frame: false, signal: controller.signal },
+    );
+    assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.loading, true);
+    controller.abort();
+    if (!rejectsOnAbort) answer.resolve('late-image');
+    assert.equal(await pending, false);
+    const street = layer.getUIState().street;
+    assert.equal(
+      street.loading,
+      false,
+      'the cancelled lookup owns and clears the spinner',
+    );
+    assert.equal(street.open, true, 'the existing photo remains open');
+    assert.equal(street.error, null);
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      provider.calls.open,
+      ['existing'],
+      'no replacement photo opens',
+    );
+  });
+}
+
+for (const rejectsOnAbort of [true, false]) {
+  test(`retired lookups release the caller listener (provider rejects: ${rejectsOnAbort})`, async (t) => {
+    let answer;
+    const provider = fakeProvider({
+      nearestImage: (_point, { signal }) => {
+        answer = deferred();
+        if (rejectsOnAbort)
+          signal.addEventListener('abort', () => answer.reject(signal.reason), {
+            once: true,
+          });
+        return answer.promise;
+      },
+    });
+    const { layer } = await enabledLayer(t, [provider]);
+    const lifetime = new AbortController();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+      const pending = layer.openNearest(
+        { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+        { frame: false, signal: lifetime.signal },
+      );
+      assert.equal(getEventListeners(lifetime.signal, 'abort').length, 1);
+      layer.closeViewer();
+      if (!rejectsOnAbort) answer.resolve('late-image');
+      assert.equal(await pending, false);
+      assert.equal(
+        getEventListeners(lifetime.signal, 'abort').length,
+        0,
+        'closing the lookup releases its listener on the application lifetime',
+      );
+    }
+    assert.equal(lifetime.signal.aborted, false);
+  });
+}
+
 test('an aborted older lookup leaves its replacement’s spinner alone', async (t) => {
   const answers = [];
   const provider = fakeProvider({
diff --git a/src/ui/stores/streetLevel.js b/src/ui/stores/streetLevel.js
index 9beab3d64..4fcb2e6d9 100644
--- a/src/ui/stores/streetLevel.js
+++ b/src/ui/stores/streetLevel.js
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ export const useStreetLevelStore = defineStore('gev-street-level', () => {
   const expanded = shallowRef(null);
   /** False on a page with neither element fullscreen nor popovers. */
   const expandAvailable = shallowRef(true);
+  /** Whether the photo is shown over the globe on an embedded page. */
+  const embedOverlay = shallowRef(false);
   /** @type {{handlers: StreetLevelHandlers}|null} */
   let owner = null;
 
@@ -47,6 +49,11 @@ export const useStreetLevelStore = defineStore('gev-street-level', () => {
     expandAvailable.value = Boolean(available);
   }
 
+  /** @param {boolean} on */
+  function setEmbedOverlay(on) {
+    embedOverlay.value = Boolean(on);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Stop forwarding actions to the owner holding `token`. The panel keeps
    * its last render, as the page did when its controls were wired by hand.
@@ -69,10 +76,12 @@ export const useStreetLevelStore = defineStore('gev-street-level', () => {
     view,
     expanded,
     expandAvailable,
+    embedOverlay,
     attach,
     publish,
     setExpanded,
     setExpandAvailable,
+    setEmbedOverlay,
     detach,
     act,
     describeSinceStop,
diff --git a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js
index 2610109e6..fd2fdaee3 100644
--- a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js
+++ b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js
@@ -318,6 +318,7 @@ export class StreetLevelControls {
     const wrap = this._elements.viewerWrap;
     if (!wrap || !document.body) return;
     const lift = open === true && isEmbedPage();
+    this.store.setEmbedOverlay(lift);
     if (lift && !this._embedHome) {
       this._embedHome = { parent: wrap.parentNode, next: wrap.nextSibling };
       document.body.appendChild(wrap);
diff --git a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs
index 80e7c184a..d6d3927b8 100644
--- a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs
@@ -1038,3 +1038,36 @@ test('destroying the panel in embed mode puts an open photo back in the panel',
     assert.equal(overGlobe(dom), false);
     assertSameNode(dom.wrap.parentNode, home);
   }));
+
+test('an embedded photo failure is shown inside the overlay, and only there', () =>
+  withDom(async (dom) => {
+    dom.document.body.classList.add('ui-embed');
+    const { layer, controls } = await stubPanel(dom, uiState({ open: false }));
+    const failed = uiState({ open: true });
+    Object.assign(failed.street, {
+      imageId: null,
+      error: 'Image could not be opened',
+    });
+    await layer.publish(failed);
+    assert.equal(overGlobe(dom), true);
+    const error = dom.wrap.querySelector('#sl-viewer-error');
+    assert.ok(error, 'the overlay contains an error region');
+    assert.equal(error.hidden, false);
+    assert.match(error.textContent, /Image could not be opened/);
+    assert.equal(dom.root.querySelector('#sl-error').hidden, true);
+    await layer.publish(uiState({ open: true }));
+    assert.equal(error.hidden, true, 'a successful retry clears the error');
+    controls.destroy();
+  }));
+
+test('outside embed mode a photo failure stays in the panel error region', () =>
+  withDom(async (dom) => {
+    const failed = uiState({ open: true });
+    failed.street.error = 'Image could not be opened';
+    const { controls } = await stubPanel(dom, failed);
+    const error = dom.wrap.querySelector('#sl-viewer-error');
+    assert.ok(error);
+    assert.equal(error.hidden, true, 'no duplicate error inside the photo');
+    assert.equal(dom.root.querySelector('#sl-error').hidden, false);
+    controls.destroy();
+  }));
diff --git a/src/ui/views/panels/StreetLevelPanel.vue b/src/ui/views/panels/StreetLevelPanel.vue
index 0e3c87962..1661574bb 100644
--- a/src/ui/views/panels/StreetLevelPanel.vue
+++ b/src/ui/views/panels/StreetLevelPanel.vue
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import UiSlider from '../../kit/UiSlider.js';
 // Until it renders, the panel shows its initial markup. The viewer element
 // belongs to the layer and EXPAND to the controls.
 const store = useStreetLevelStore();
-const { view, expanded, expandAvailable } = storeToRefs(store);
+const { view, expanded, expandAvailable, embedOverlay } = storeToRefs(store);
 
 const status = computed(
   () =>
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ const vThumb = {
             <button id="sl-viewer-close" class="sl-viewer-x" type="button" :title="t('Close the image and deselect it on the map')" :aria-label="t('Close the street-level image')">×</button>
           </div>
         </div>
+        <div id="sl-viewer-error" class="sl-error" role="alert" :hidden="!embedOverlay || !view?.error"><span aria-hidden="true">⚠</span> {{ view?.error || '' }}</div>
         <div class="sl-viewer-stage">
           <div id="sl-viewer-placeholder" class="sl-viewer-placeholder" :hidden="!viewer.loading"></div>
           <div id="sl-viewer" class="sl-viewer" :aria-label="t('Street-level viewer')"></div>
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ const vThumb = {
         <span class="cctv-summary-label">{{ t('PROVIDERS') }}</span>
         <div id="sl-provider-chips" class="sl-chips"><RailChips :chips="view ? view.providers : []" /></div>
       </div>
-      <div id="sl-error" class="sl-error" role="alert" :hidden="!view?.error"><span aria-hidden="true">⚠</span> <span id="sl-error-text">{{ view?.error || '' }}</span></div>
+      <div id="sl-error" class="sl-error" role="alert" :hidden="embedOverlay || !view?.error"><span aria-hidden="true">⚠</span> <span id="sl-error-text">{{ view?.error || '' }}</span></div>
       <!-- A missing key gates the filters only: the chips above stay
            focusable so their tooltip can say how to add the key. -->
       <fieldset id="sl-controls" class="sl-controls" :disabled="Boolean(view?.controlsDisabled)" :hidden="!shows.pano && !shows.since">
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.js b/src/voice/gevActions.js
index c57a386a7..5f339673e 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.js
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.js
@@ -3440,9 +3440,17 @@ export async function showStreetLevel(
   }
 
   // Cockpit, clean view, recording and scene playback hide the panel the
-  // photo opens in: say so before anything loads unseen.
+  // photo opens in: say so before anything loads unseen. Embed mode uses
+  // clean view for its globe but lifts the photo out of the hidden rail.
   const body = globalThis.document?.body;
-  if (EXCLUSIVE_SURFACE_CLASSES.some((mode) => body?.classList?.contains(mode)))
+  const embedded = body?.classList?.contains('ui-embed') === true;
+  if (
+    EXCLUSIVE_SURFACE_CLASSES.some(
+      (mode) =>
+        body?.classList?.contains(mode) &&
+        !(embedded && mode === 'ui-clean-view'),
+    )
+  )
     return fail(
       'view',
       msg(
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
index 035f84509..2211a9509 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
@@ -4668,3 +4668,25 @@ test('show_street_level in a view that hides its panel stops before anything loa
     }
   }
 });
+
+test('show_street_level opens over the clean embedded globe but respects its other exclusive modes', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const saved = globalThis.document;
+  try {
+    for (const mode of [null, 'cockpit-mode', 'recording-mode', 'scene-playback-mode']) {
+      const classes = new Set(['ui-embed', 'ui-clean-view', mode]);
+      globalThis.document = { body: { classList: { contains: (name) => classes.has(name) } } };
+      const { runner, order } = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true });
+      const result = await runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 38.58, longitude: -121.49, provider: 'mapillary', fly: false });
+      if (mode) {
+        assert.deepEqual([result.ok, result.stage], [false, 'view'], mode);
+        assert.deepEqual(order.filter((step) => /^(map|params|open|arm|enable)/.test(step)), [], `${mode}: nothing switched`);
+      } else {
+        assert.equal(result.ok, true, 'embed clean view lifts the photo over the globe');
+        assert.ok(order.some((step) => step.startsWith('open:mapillary')));
+      }
+    }
+  } finally {
+    globalThis.document = saved;
+  }
+});

From fed397a764ca736f409918d982f54e506e0f2e56 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said Turksever <asturksever@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Nov 2026 18:07:59 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 020/181] test(voice): raise the Realtime size budget to 56,500
 for show_street_level

---
 src/voice/integrationContract.test.mjs | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/voice/integrationContract.test.mjs b/src/voice/integrationContract.test.mjs
index 64d1e394e..ceb8cee67 100644
--- a/src/voice/integrationContract.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/integrationContract.test.mjs
@@ -714,13 +714,13 @@ test('without an operator Overpass the prompt never offers place search', () =>
 });
 
 test('the Realtime prompt stays within its size budget', () => {
-  // Instructions plus tool schemas, in characters, under the same 55,500
+  // Instructions plus tool schemas, in characters, under the same 56,500
   // ceiling as the deixis prompt lint. Voice geometry adds resolve_area,
   // find_imagery and the analyst area scopes (osm_query only with an
-  // operator Overpass).
+  // operator Overpass); show_street_level adds its tool and routing rule.
   const size = (overpass) =>
     realtimeInstructions(undefined, { overpass }).length +
     JSON.stringify(realtimeTools({ overpass })).length;
-  assert.ok(size(false) <= 55_500, `default prompt ${size(false)} chars`);
-  assert.ok(size(true) <= 55_500, `with Overpass ${size(true)} chars`);
+  assert.ok(size(false) <= 56_500, `default prompt ${size(false)} chars`);
+  assert.ok(size(true) <= 56_500, `with Overpass ${size(true)} chars`);
 });

From 9d27366b3ec42eccf96ccc323dab13579426d7f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: quanticsoul4772 <71096528+quanticsoul4772@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 07:06:57 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 021/181] fix(fires): show a 47.6-hour-old detection as 2d, not
 48h

formatAge and formatAgeLabel picked the hour unit on the raw value and
rounded afterwards, so a detection between 47.5 and 48 hours old read
48h, while one exactly 48 hours old read 2d. Round to whole hours first,
then choose the unit.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md           |  1 +
 src/layers/firms/model.js       |  8 +++++---
 src/layers/firms/model.test.mjs | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/layers/firms/model.test.mjs

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 87b918a4e..71aa36964 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -2221,6 +2221,7 @@ accessible name remains "Don't show this again". Control behavior is unchanged.
 ## FIRMS source status
 
 The FIRMS CSV parser rejects impossible acquisition calendar dates before the proxy filters records to the trailing 24 hours, while retaining valid UTC acquisition times.
+FIRMS ages round to whole hours before choosing a unit, so a 47.6-hour age reads "2d", not "48h".
 The `get_active_fires` tool reports acquisition times as UTC ISO timestamps,
 including zero-padded hours and minutes; missing or invalid dates and times
 remain `null`, including impossible calendar dates from a custom source.
diff --git a/src/layers/firms/model.js b/src/layers/firms/model.js
index 9e3cf7f95..7dcf255c8 100644
--- a/src/layers/firms/model.js
+++ b/src/layers/firms/model.js
@@ -526,7 +526,8 @@ export function createModel({
     if (!Number.isFinite(deltaMs) || deltaMs < 0) return '';
     const hours = deltaMs / 3600000;
     if (hours < 1) return '<1h';
-    if (hours < 48) return `${Math.round(hours)}h`;
+    const wholeHours = Math.round(hours);
+    if (wholeHours < 48) return `${wholeHours}h`;
     return `${Math.round(hours / 24)}d`;
   }
 
@@ -561,8 +562,9 @@ export function createModel({
     if (!Number.isFinite(deltaMs) || deltaMs < 0) return '';
     const hours = deltaMs / 3600000;
     if (hours < 1) return t('<1h', { context: 'age' });
-    if (hours < 48)
-      return t('{count}h', { context: 'age', count: Math.round(hours) });
+    const wholeHours = Math.round(hours);
+    if (wholeHours < 48)
+      return t('{count}h', { context: 'age', count: wholeHours });
     return t('{count}d', { context: 'age', count: Math.round(hours / 24) });
   }
 
diff --git a/src/layers/firms/model.test.mjs b/src/layers/firms/model.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ff12cf3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/firms/model.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { getLocale, setLocale } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+import { createModel } from './model.js';
+
+const HOUR_MS = 3600000;
+
+test('a fire age that rounds to 48 hours reads in days, as 48 hours does', () => {
+  const previousLocale = getLocale();
+  const { formatAge, formatAgeLabel } = createModel({
+    services: { anchors: {} },
+  });
+  try {
+    setLocale('en');
+    assert.equal(formatAge(47.4 * HOUR_MS), '47h');
+    assert.equal(formatAge(47.6 * HOUR_MS), '2d');
+    assert.equal(formatAge(48 * HOUR_MS), '2d');
+    assert.equal(formatAgeLabel(47.4 * HOUR_MS), '47h');
+    assert.equal(formatAgeLabel(47.6 * HOUR_MS), formatAgeLabel(48 * HOUR_MS));
+    assert.equal(formatAgeLabel(48 * HOUR_MS), '2d');
+  } finally {
+    setLocale(previousLocale);
+  }
+});

From a4bd028bd2626d71d7c237f8bc675b36de5c3f3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: quanticsoul4772 <71096528+quanticsoul4772@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Nov 2026 11:47:41 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 022/181] changelog: FIRMS age rounding (#1531)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 changelog.d/1531-firms-age-rounding.md | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1531-firms-age-rounding.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1531-firms-age-rounding.md b/changelog.d/1531-firms-age-rounding.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e8cc12c4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1531-firms-age-rounding.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+- FIRMS fire ages round to whole hours before choosing a unit, so a detection
+  47.5–48 hours old reads "2d", as one exactly 48 hours old does, not "48h"
+  (@quanticsoul4772, #1531).

From 84c1fef8d34dfd4dd556b6dca6bda9e3d2cf6b75 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Itallo=20Brand=C3=A3o?=
 <45429643+IMBrandao@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 2026 15:15:34 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 023/181] fix(firms): stop requesting the retired Suomi NPP
 source

NASA stopped delivering Suomi NPP data on 2026-11-02 (FIRMS news page).
With a live MAP_KEY on 2026-11-04, VIIRS_SNPP_NRT came back ok with zero
rows while NOAA-20, NOAA-21 and MODIS returned 57k, 49k and 11k, so the
source only spent one transaction per refresh. The proxy now requests
NOAA-20, NOAA-21 and MODIS NRT. The "N" satellite label stays, so cached
or archived Suomi NPP rows still read SNPP.

Tests count sources from the list instead of assuming four, and a
regression test keeps the retired source out of the production list.

Refs #849

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 DATA_SOURCES.md                           |  7 ++++---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                     |  5 +++++
 server/providers/firms.js                 | 14 ++++++--------
 src/data/firmsProxy.test.mjs              | 18 ++++++++++++++----
 src/tooling/environmentProviders.test.mjs |  4 ++--
 5 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/DATA_SOURCES.md b/DATA_SOURCES.md
index cac0b5ab7..efee6b9ff 100644
--- a/DATA_SOURCES.md
+++ b/DATA_SOURCES.md
@@ -273,11 +273,12 @@ Bundled OSM-derived data is distributed under [ODbL 1.0](https://opendatacommons
 > We acknowledge the use of data and/or imagery from NASA's Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) (https://earthdata.nasa.gov/firms), part of NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS).
 
 FIRMS active fires are **fetched live at runtime** (CC0 / U.S. public domain data): the
-`/api/firms` server-side proxy merges the three VIIRS NRT sources (NOAA-20, NOAA-21,
-Suomi-NPP) and MODIS NRT (Terra + Aqua), clamped to the trailing 24 h, cached 30 min to respect the shared MAP_KEY
+`/api/firms` server-side proxy merges the two VIIRS NRT sources (NOAA-20, NOAA-21)
+and MODIS NRT (Terra + Aqua), clamped to the trailing 24 h, cached 30 min to respect the shared MAP_KEY
 transaction quota. Requires a free `FIRMS_MAP_KEY`
 (https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/api/map_key/); the layer is empty without it.
-The former bundled 2026-05-25 snapshot was removed 2026-07-16.
+The former bundled 2026-05-25 snapshot was removed 2026-07-16. Suomi NPP (`VIIRS_SNPP_NRT`)
+is no longer requested: NASA stopped delivering its data on 2026-11-02.
 
 ### Natural Earth physical regions (`natural_earth/`)
 
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index e868dfc95..102efb997 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -2325,6 +2325,11 @@ accessible name remains "Don't show this again". Control behavior is unchanged.
 
 ## FIRMS source status
 
+The FIRMS proxy requests VIIRS NOAA-20, VIIRS NOAA-21 and MODIS NRT (Terra and
+Aqua). It no longer requests VIIRS Suomi NPP: NASA stopped delivering Suomi NPP
+data on 2026-11-02, and the source returned no rows while still costing one
+MAP_KEY transaction per refresh.
+
 The FIRMS CSV parser rejects impossible acquisition calendar dates before the proxy filters records to the trailing 24 hours, while retaining valid UTC acquisition times.
 The `get_active_fires` tool reports acquisition times as UTC ISO timestamps,
 including zero-padded hours and minutes; missing or invalid dates and times
diff --git a/server/providers/firms.js b/server/providers/firms.js
index 20a2f4bab..51ea4fc56 100644
--- a/server/providers/firms.js
+++ b/server/providers/firms.js
@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ export async function fetchFirms(
  * NASA FIRMS live active-fire proxy with a memory + disk cache.
  * Upstream: https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/api/area/csv/{KEY}/{SOURCE}/world/2
  *
- * Merges three VIIRS NRT sources (NOAA-20, NOAA-21, Suomi-NPP — independent
- * satellites, no cross-source dedup) plus MODIS_NRT (combined Terra+Aqua,
+ * Merges two VIIRS NRT sources (NOAA-20, NOAA-21 — independent satellites, no
+ * cross-source dedup) plus MODIS_NRT (combined Terra+Aqua,
  * ~1 km, numeric 0-100 confidence), fetched sequentially (quota courtesy)
  * with `days=2` (`days=1` means "current UTC day", nearly empty just after
  * 00:00Z) and clamps to the trailing 24 h via src/data/firmsCsv.js. FIRMS
@@ -141,6 +141,9 @@ export async function fetchFirms(
  * fresh-enough disk cache (.gev-cache/firms.json) prevents ANY upstream
  * fetch across dev-server restarts. Pattern mirrors celestrakProxy.
  *
+ * VIIRS_SNPP_NRT is not requested: NASA stopped delivering Suomi NPP data on
+ * 2026-11-02, so that source only spent a transaction per refresh (#849).
+ *
  * Routes:
  *   GET /api/firms        → {fetchedAt, stale, ttlMs, sources, count, fires}
  *   GET /api/firms/status → {hasKey, lastFetch, count, stale, ttlMs, transactions}
@@ -153,12 +156,7 @@ export async function fetchFirms(
 export function firmsProxy() {
   const TTL_MS = 30 * 60_000;
   const STATUS_TTL_MS = 5 * 60_000;
-  const SOURCES = [
-    'VIIRS_NOAA20_NRT',
-    'VIIRS_NOAA21_NRT',
-    'VIIRS_SNPP_NRT',
-    'MODIS_NRT',
-  ];
+  const SOURCES = ['VIIRS_NOAA20_NRT', 'VIIRS_NOAA21_NRT', 'MODIS_NRT'];
   /**
    * Per-source body cap. A VIIRS world/2 pull is ~130k rows x ~100 B, about
    * 13 MB per satellite in heavy fire season (MODIS runs smaller), so this is a
diff --git a/src/data/firmsProxy.test.mjs b/src/data/firmsProxy.test.mjs
index 14668c825..135002ca7 100644
--- a/src/data/firmsProxy.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/firmsProxy.test.mjs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ assert.notEqual(start, -1, 'FIRMS refresh function exists');
 const end = config.indexOf('\n  }', start);
 assert.notEqual(end, -1, 'FIRMS refresh function closes');
 const refreshSource = config.slice(start, end + 4);
-const SOURCES = ['VIIRS_NOAA20_NRT', 'VIIRS_NOAA21_NRT', 'VIIRS_SNPP_NRT', 'MODIS_NRT'];
+const SOURCES = ['VIIRS_NOAA20_NRT', 'VIIRS_NOAA21_NRT', 'MODIS_NRT'];
 const NOW = Date.UTC(2026, 8, 11, 12);
 const recent = { acqDate: '2026-09-11', acqTime: '1100' };
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ test('FIRMS keeps successful sources when another upstream fails', async () => {
     if (source === SOURCES[1]) throw new Error('upstream unavailable');
     return [recent];
   })('fixture');
-  assert.equal(result.fires.length, 3);
+  assert.equal(result.fires.length, SOURCES.length - 1);
   assert.deepEqual(result.sources, SOURCES.map((source, index) => ({
     source, count: index === 1 ? 0 : 1, ok: index !== 1,
   })));
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ test('FIRMS reports one failure if consuming a source throws before append', asy
       // Fault injection for aggregation; ordinary parsed CSV returns an array.
       return { length: 1, [Symbol.iterator]() { throw new Error('aggregation failed'); } };
     })('fixture');
-  assert.equal(result.fires.length, 3);
+  assert.equal(result.fires.length, SOURCES.length - 1);
   assert.deepEqual(result.sources, SOURCES.map((source, index) => ({
     source, count: index === 0 ? 0 : 1, ok: index !== 0,
   })));
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ function wrappedAddressSelectionFailure() {
     { name: 'ConnectTimeoutError', code: 'UND_ERR_CONNECT_TIMEOUT', cause: inner });
   return new TypeError('fetch failed', { cause });
 }
-const URL_WITH_KEY = 'https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/api/area/csv/SECRET/VIIRS_SNPP_NRT/world/2';
+const URL_WITH_KEY = 'https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/api/area/csv/SECRET/VIIRS_NOAA20_NRT/world/2';
 
 test('FIRMS failures log the socket cause, never the keyed URL', () => {
   const described = describeFetchError(addressSelectionFailure());
@@ -307,3 +307,13 @@ test('every FIRMS upstream request goes through the IPv4 fallback', async () =>
   assert.ok(calls[0][2] instanceof AbortSignal);
   assert.deepEqual(calls[1], ['read', response, calls[0][2]], 'the body read shares the request deadline');
 });
+
+test('FIRMS requests only the satellites NASA still delivers', () => {
+  const listed = config.match(/const SOURCES = \[([^\]]*)\];/);
+  assert.ok(listed, 'FIRMS source list exists');
+  const production = [...listed[1].matchAll(/'([A-Z0-9_]+)'/g)].map((m) => m[1]);
+  assert.deepEqual(production, SOURCES, 'the test mirrors the production source list');
+  // NASA stopped delivering Suomi NPP data on 2026-11-02 (#849): requesting it
+  // returns no rows and still spends a MAP_KEY transaction on every refresh.
+  assert.ok(!production.includes('VIIRS_SNPP_NRT'));
+});
diff --git a/src/tooling/environmentProviders.test.mjs b/src/tooling/environmentProviders.test.mjs
index da3cfc335..feca9432d 100644
--- a/src/tooling/environmentProviders.test.mjs
+++ b/src/tooling/environmentProviders.test.mjs
@@ -313,9 +313,9 @@ test('FIRMS retains a large successful source during partial failure and filters
   const first = json(await request());
   assert.equal(first.count, 130001);
   assert.equal(first.sources.filter((s) => s.ok).length, 1);
-  assert.equal(calls, 4);
+  assert.equal(calls, first.sources.length);
   assert.equal(json(await request()).count, 130001);
-  assert.equal(calls, 4);
+  assert.equal(calls, first.sources.length);
   assert.deepEqual(json(await request('/status')).transactions, {
     used: 3,
     limit: 5000,

From b342e405d7514505861ab26244f38496a59350cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Itallo=20Brand=C3=A3o?=
 <45429643+IMBrandao@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 2026 15:20:09 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 024/181] docs(changelog): add fragment for #1552

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 changelog.d/1552-firms-drop-snpp.md | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1552-firms-drop-snpp.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1552-firms-drop-snpp.md b/changelog.d/1552-firms-drop-snpp.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fcb375bda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1552-firms-drop-snpp.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+- Stop requesting Suomi NPP in Active Fires. NASA stopped delivering its data
+  on November 2, 2026, so `VIIRS_SNPP_NRT` returned no rows while still costing
+  a MAP_KEY transaction on every refresh; the layer now merges VIIRS NOAA-20,
+  VIIRS NOAA-21 and MODIS (IMBrandao, #1552).

From b37025414d90d6b696dcecd252c222972c00c557 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Itallo=20Brand=C3=A3o?=
 <45429643+IMBrandao@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 02:57:27 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 025/181] test(firms): pin the refresh call count and read
 sources from production

Review follow-up for #1552:
- environmentProviders: assert exactly 3 upstream calls per refresh again,
  so a returning fourth source would fail the test.
- firmsProxy: build the test's SOURCES from server/providers/firms.js, so
  there is one list instead of a mirrored copy.
- firmsProxy: drop the unused fourth count entry.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 src/data/firmsProxy.test.mjs              | 13 ++++++-------
 src/tooling/environmentProviders.test.mjs |  4 ++--
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/data/firmsProxy.test.mjs b/src/data/firmsProxy.test.mjs
index 135002ca7..dc9ed8144 100644
--- a/src/data/firmsProxy.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/firmsProxy.test.mjs
@@ -21,7 +21,10 @@ assert.notEqual(start, -1, 'FIRMS refresh function exists');
 const end = config.indexOf('\n  }', start);
 assert.notEqual(end, -1, 'FIRMS refresh function closes');
 const refreshSource = config.slice(start, end + 4);
-const SOURCES = ['VIIRS_NOAA20_NRT', 'VIIRS_NOAA21_NRT', 'MODIS_NRT'];
+// Read the source list from production so these tests share one source of truth.
+const listed = config.match(/const SOURCES = \[([^\]]*)\];/);
+assert.ok(listed, 'FIRMS source list exists');
+const SOURCES = [...listed[1].matchAll(/'([A-Z0-9_]+)'/g)].map((m) => m[1]);
 const NOW = Date.UTC(2026, 8, 11, 12);
 const recent = { acqDate: '2026-09-11', acqTime: '1100' };
 
@@ -54,7 +57,7 @@ test('FIRMS retains large sources in order and filters expired rows', async () =
   assert.equal(result.fires[199_999], large.at(-1));
   assert.equal(result.fires.at(-1), last);
   assert.deepEqual(result.sources, SOURCES.map((source, index) => ({
-    source, count: [200_000, 1, 0, 0][index], ok: true,
+    source, count: [200_000, 1, 0][index], ok: true,
   })));
 });
 
@@ -309,11 +312,7 @@ test('every FIRMS upstream request goes through the IPv4 fallback', async () =>
 });
 
 test('FIRMS requests only the satellites NASA still delivers', () => {
-  const listed = config.match(/const SOURCES = \[([^\]]*)\];/);
-  assert.ok(listed, 'FIRMS source list exists');
-  const production = [...listed[1].matchAll(/'([A-Z0-9_]+)'/g)].map((m) => m[1]);
-  assert.deepEqual(production, SOURCES, 'the test mirrors the production source list');
   // NASA stopped delivering Suomi NPP data on 2026-11-02 (#849): requesting it
   // returns no rows and still spends a MAP_KEY transaction on every refresh.
-  assert.ok(!production.includes('VIIRS_SNPP_NRT'));
+  assert.ok(!SOURCES.includes('VIIRS_SNPP_NRT'));
 });
diff --git a/src/tooling/environmentProviders.test.mjs b/src/tooling/environmentProviders.test.mjs
index feca9432d..22eb39ad3 100644
--- a/src/tooling/environmentProviders.test.mjs
+++ b/src/tooling/environmentProviders.test.mjs
@@ -313,9 +313,9 @@ test('FIRMS retains a large successful source during partial failure and filters
   const first = json(await request());
   assert.equal(first.count, 130001);
   assert.equal(first.sources.filter((s) => s.ok).length, 1);
-  assert.equal(calls, first.sources.length);
+  assert.equal(calls, 3);
   assert.equal(json(await request()).count, 130001);
-  assert.equal(calls, first.sources.length);
+  assert.equal(calls, 3);
   assert.deepEqual(json(await request('/status')).transactions, {
     used: 3,
     limit: 5000,

From 6172be39955483d32289e7262f8f8232fd41e9eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Itallo=20Brand=C3=A3o?=
 <45429643+IMBrandao@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 03:39:15 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 026/181] feat(transit): give vehicle icons a readable front,
 and none without a course

At the ~20 px the fleet renders at, the bus, tram, metro and unknown
glyphs were near-symmetric boxes: rotated along the course, nothing showed
which end was the front. Each now has a front built into its outline (an
arrow-like nose for the bus, a pointed cab for the tram, a chamfered cab
for the metro), so it survives the tint, the halo and the sensor profiles,
which keep only the outline.

A vehicle with no known course sits at rotation 0, where a pointed glyph
would claim it is heading north. Those vehicles, fleet and selected alike,
now get a symmetric outline (rail and ferry included) and switch to the
pointed one once a course arrives. The raster cache doubles to a fixed 72
variants.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 scripts/qa-transit.mjs          |   2 +-
 src/data/transitIcons.js        | 107 ++++++++++++++----
 src/data/transitIcons.test.mjs  | 192 +++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 src/layers/transit/rendering.js |  13 +++
 4 files changed, 225 insertions(+), 89 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/qa-transit.mjs b/scripts/qa-transit.mjs
index 49a25fd18..32bfb596a 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-transit.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-transit.mjs
@@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ try {
           );
         check(
           `${preset.name}: the icon raster cache stays bounded`,
-          styling.iconCacheSize <= 6 * 2 * 3,
+          styling.iconCacheSize <= 6 * 2 * 3 * 2,
           `${styling.iconCacheSize} rasters`,
         );
       }
diff --git a/src/data/transitIcons.js b/src/data/transitIcons.js
index ec480530d..c6ad963e1 100644
--- a/src/data/transitIcons.js
+++ b/src/data/transitIcons.js
@@ -41,33 +41,46 @@ const DETAIL =
 /**
  * Each body is drawn in a centred frame (origin 0,0 = glyph centre), front
  * toward -Y, in the 96-unit space (half-extent up to ~45).
+ *
+ * Two sets. `HEADING_BODIES` is what a vehicle with a known course wears: every
+ * outline has a front that cannot be mistaken for its back at fleet size — a
+ * nose, a bow or a chamfered cab — because at twenty pixels a bus drawn as a
+ * near-symmetric box gives no hint which way it is going, and a hairline
+ * windscreen is far below one pixel. The front is part of the OUTLINE, not
+ * interior ink, so it survives the tint, the halo (which strokes the outline)
+ * and the sensor profiles (which keep only the outline).
+ *
+ * `NEUTRAL_BODIES` is what a vehicle with NO known course wears. Its billboard
+ * sits at rotation 0, so a pointed glyph would claim it is heading north; these
+ * outlines are the same footprint, symmetric end to end, and claim nothing.
  */
-const BODIES = {
-  // ── Bus: short, blunt, square-shouldered. The shape everything else reads
-  //    against, and the one most people will see most often.
+const HEADING_BODIES = {
+  // ── Bus: short, broad, square-shouldered behind an arrow-like nose. The
+  //    shape everything else reads against, and the one most people will see
+  //    most often, so it carries the boldest front.
   bus: `
-    <path d="M-17,-28 C-17,-32 -14,-34 0,-34 C14,-34 17,-32 17,-28
-             L17,28 C17,32 14,34 0,34 C-14,34 -17,32 -17,28 Z"
+    <path d="M0,-41 L17,-25 L17,28 C17,32 14,34 0,34 C-14,34 -17,32 -17,28
+             L-17,-25 Z"
           fill="white" ${STROKE}/>
-    <path d="M-11,-24 L11,-24" ${DETAIL}/>
+    <path d="M-11,-21 L11,-21" ${DETAIL}/>
     <path d="M-11,20 L11,20" ${DETAIL}/>`,
 
-  // ── Tram / light rail: longer and slimmer than a bus, with the two
-  //    articulation joints that make a modern low-floor tram unmistakable.
+  // ── Tram / light rail: longer and slimmer than a bus, a short pointed cab
+  //    and the two articulation joints of a modern low-floor tram.
   tram: `
-    <path d="M-10,-38 C-10,-41 -8,-42.5 0,-42.5 C8,-42.5 10,-41 10,-38
-             L10,38 C10,41 8,42.5 0,42.5 C-8,42.5 -10,41 -10,38 Z"
+    <path d="M0,-44 L10,-33 L10,38 C10,41 8,42.5 0,42.5 C-8,42.5 -10,41 -10,38
+             L-10,-33 Z"
           fill="white" ${STROKE}/>
     <path d="M-10,-13 L10,-13" ${DETAIL}/>
     <path d="M-10,13 L10,13" ${DETAIL}/>
-    <path d="M-8,-34 L8,-34" ${DETAIL}/>`,
+    <path d="M-8,-29 L8,-29" ${DETAIL}/>`,
 
-  // ── Metro / subway: squared off at both ends, wider than a tram, a single
-  //    cab line at the front. Reads as rolling stock, not a road vehicle.
+  // ── Metro / subway: squared off and wider than a tram, the cab end
+  //    chamfered to a narrow flat face; the rear stays square.
   subway: `
-    <path d="M-11.5,-40 L11.5,-40 L11.5,40 L-11.5,40 Z"
+    <path d="M-4,-40 L4,-40 L11.5,-30 L11.5,40 L-11.5,40 L-11.5,-30 Z"
           fill="white" ${STROKE}/>
-    <path d="M-11.5,-32 L11.5,-32" ${DETAIL}/>
+    <path d="M-11.5,-26 L11.5,-26" ${DETAIL}/>
     <path d="M-11.5,0 L11.5,0" ${DETAIL}/>
     <path d="M-11.5,32 L11.5,32" ${DETAIL}/>`,
 
@@ -90,8 +103,49 @@ const BODIES = {
           fill="white" ${STROKE}/>
     <path d="M-7.5,-6 L7.5,-6 L7.5,20 L-7.5,20 Z" ${DETAIL}/>`,
 
-  // ── Unknown: a plain rounded marker. Deliberately featureless, so an
+  // ── Unknown: a plain marker with a nose and nothing else, so an
   //    unclassified vehicle never pretends to be a mode it is not.
+  unknown: `
+    <path d="M0,-38 L10,-24 L10,26 C10,30 7,32 0,32 C-7,32 -10,30 -10,26
+             L-10,-24 Z"
+          fill="white" ${STROKE}/>`,
+};
+
+const NEUTRAL_BODIES = {
+  bus: `
+    <path d="M-17,-28 C-17,-32 -14,-34 0,-34 C14,-34 17,-32 17,-28
+             L17,28 C17,32 14,34 0,34 C-14,34 -17,32 -17,28 Z"
+          fill="white" ${STROKE}/>
+    <path d="M-11,-20 L11,-20" ${DETAIL}/>
+    <path d="M-11,20 L11,20" ${DETAIL}/>`,
+
+  tram: `
+    <path d="M-10,-38 C-10,-41 -8,-42.5 0,-42.5 C8,-42.5 10,-41 10,-38
+             L10,38 C10,41 8,42.5 0,42.5 C-8,42.5 -10,41 -10,38 Z"
+          fill="white" ${STROKE}/>
+    <path d="M-10,-13 L10,-13" ${DETAIL}/>
+    <path d="M-10,13 L10,13" ${DETAIL}/>`,
+
+  subway: `
+    <path d="M-11.5,-40 L11.5,-40 L11.5,40 L-11.5,40 Z"
+          fill="white" ${STROKE}/>
+    <path d="M-11.5,-32 L11.5,-32" ${DETAIL}/>
+    <path d="M-11.5,0 L11.5,0" ${DETAIL}/>
+    <path d="M-11.5,32 L11.5,32" ${DETAIL}/>`,
+
+  rail: `
+    <path d="M-10.5,-40 C-10.5,-43 -8.5,-44.5 0,-44.5 C8.5,-44.5 10.5,-43 10.5,-40
+             L10.5,40 C10.5,43 8.5,44.5 0,44.5 C-8.5,44.5 -10.5,43 -10.5,40 Z"
+          fill="white" ${STROKE}/>
+    <path d="M-10.5,-6 L10.5,-6" ${DETAIL}/>
+    <path d="M-10.5,6 L10.5,6" ${DETAIL}/>`,
+
+  ferry: `
+    <path d="M-12.5,-30 C-12.5,-36 -8,-38 0,-38 C8,-38 12.5,-36 12.5,-30
+             L12.5,30 C12.5,36 8,38 0,38 C-8,38 -12.5,36 -12.5,30 Z"
+          fill="white" ${STROKE}/>
+    <path d="M-7.5,-13 L7.5,-13 L7.5,13 L-7.5,13 Z" ${DETAIL}/>`,
+
   unknown: `
     <path d="M-10,-26 C-10,-30 -7,-32 0,-32 C7,-32 10,-30 10,-26
              L10,26 C10,30 7,32 0,32 C-7,32 -10,30 -10,26 Z"
@@ -99,7 +153,7 @@ const BODIES = {
 };
 
 /** The modes this module can draw. */
-export const TRANSIT_ICON_KINDS = Object.freeze(Object.keys(BODIES));
+export const TRANSIT_ICON_KINDS = Object.freeze(Object.keys(HEADING_BODIES));
 
 const _iconCache = new Map();
 
@@ -155,8 +209,8 @@ export function transitIconCacheSize() {
 }
 
 /**
- * Data URI for one mode's silhouette, lazily built and cached per kind, size
- * and halo.
+ * Data URI for one mode's silhouette, lazily built and cached per kind, size,
+ * halo and whether the vehicle has a known course.
  *
  * With a halo, the body is drawn twice: first as a wide dark stroke, then as
  * the shipped white fill with its hairline edge on top, so the ring sits
@@ -166,11 +220,14 @@ export function transitIconCacheSize() {
  *
  * @param {string} kind One of TRANSIT_ICON_KINDS; anything else draws `unknown`.
  * @param {number} [px] Raster size.
- * @param {{haloScreenPx?: number, screenPx?: number}} [options]
+ * @param {{haloScreenPx?: number, screenPx?: number, style?: string,
+ *   heading?: boolean}} [options] `heading: false` draws the symmetric outline
+ *   for a vehicle whose course is unknown (its billboard is not rotated, so a
+ *   front would point north for no reason).
  * @returns {string} `data:image/svg+xml;base64,...`
  */
 export function transitIcon(kind, px = FLEET_RASTER_PX, options = {}) {
-  const k = BODIES[kind] ? kind : 'unknown';
+  const k = HEADING_BODIES[kind] ? kind : 'unknown';
   const selected = px > FLEET_RASTER_PX;
   px = selected ? SELECTED_ICON_PX : FLEET_RASTER_PX;
   const profile = transitStyleProfile(
@@ -185,16 +242,18 @@ export function transitIcon(kind, px = FLEET_RASTER_PX, options = {}) {
     profile === 'mono' ? 'thermal' : profile === 'crt' ? 'retro' : 'normal';
   const displayPx = (selected ? 30 : 20) * presetSpriteScale(style, selected);
   const frame = haloFrame(presetSpriteOutlinePx(style, selected), displayPx);
-  const key = `${k}:${selected ? 1 : 0}:${profile}`;
+  const heading = options.heading !== false;
+  const bodies = heading ? HEADING_BODIES : NEUTRAL_BODIES;
+  const key = `${k}:${selected ? 1 : 0}:${profile}:${heading ? 'h' : 'n'}`;
   let uri = _iconCache.get(key);
   if (!uri) {
     const size = VIEW + 2 * frame.pad;
     // Reuse the exact outer path. Sensors fill its interior without panel ink.
-    const silhouette = BODIES[k].match(/<path d="([^"]+)"/)[1];
+    const silhouette = bodies[k].match(/<path d="([^"]+)"/)[1];
     const body =
       profile === 'mono'
         ? `<path d="${silhouette}" fill="white" />`
-        : BODIES[k];
+        : bodies[k];
     const halo =
       frame.units > 0
         ? profile === 'mono'
diff --git a/src/data/transitIcons.test.mjs b/src/data/transitIcons.test.mjs
index 8f2571017..758b1d04b 100644
--- a/src/data/transitIcons.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/transitIcons.test.mjs
@@ -62,39 +62,42 @@ test('the raster cache is bounded by kind, size and halo — never by call count
   assert.ok(transitIconCacheSize() <= before + 3 + TRANSIT_ICON_KINDS.length);
 });
 
-test('all 36 variants retain the specified final halo at both display sizes', async () => {
+test('all 72 variants retain the specified final halo at both display sizes', async () => {
   const { presetSpriteScale, presetSpriteOutlinePx } =
     await import('./transitPresetStyle.js');
   for (const kind of TRANSIT_ICON_KINDS) {
     for (const selected of [false, true]) {
-      for (const style of ['normal', 'thermal', 'retro']) {
-        const display =
-          (selected ? 30 : 20) * presetSpriteScale(style, selected);
-        const svg = decode(transitIcon(kind, selected ? 96 : 48, { style }));
-        const units = Number(
-          svg.match(/stroke-opacity="(?:0.95|1)" stroke-width="([\d.]+)"/)[1],
-        );
-        assert.ok(
-          Math.abs(
-            (units * display) / 192 - presetSpriteOutlinePx(style, selected),
-          ) < 0.001,
-        );
-        const frame = haloFrame(
-          presetSpriteOutlinePx(style, selected),
-          display,
-        );
-        assert.match(
-          svg,
-          new RegExp(
-            `width="${Math.round((selected ? 96 : 48) * frame.ratio)}"`,
-          ),
-        );
-      }
+      for (const style of ['normal', 'thermal', 'retro'])
+        for (const heading of [true, false]) {
+          const display =
+            (selected ? 30 : 20) * presetSpriteScale(style, selected);
+          const svg = decode(
+            transitIcon(kind, selected ? 96 : 48, { style, heading }),
+          );
+          const units = Number(
+            svg.match(/stroke-opacity="(?:0.95|1)" stroke-width="([\d.]+)"/)[1],
+          );
+          assert.ok(
+            Math.abs(
+              (units * display) / 192 - presetSpriteOutlinePx(style, selected),
+            ) < 0.001,
+          );
+          const frame = haloFrame(
+            presetSpriteOutlinePx(style, selected),
+            display,
+          );
+          assert.match(
+            svg,
+            new RegExp(
+              `width="${Math.round((selected ? 96 : 48) * frame.ratio)}"`,
+            ),
+          );
+        }
     }
   }
   for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++)
     transitIcon('invalid', i, { haloScreenPx: i, screenPx: i });
-  assert.equal(transitIconCacheSize(), 36);
+  assert.equal(transitIconCacheSize(), 72);
 });
 
 test('every mono raster preserves the normal silhouette mask and aspect at CRT display size', async () => {
@@ -133,47 +136,53 @@ test('every mono raster preserves the normal silhouette mask and aspect at CRT d
     return { mask, aspect: (maxX - minX + 1) / (maxY - minY + 1) };
   };
   for (const selected of [false, true])
-    for (const kind of TRANSIT_ICON_KINDS) {
-      const normal = await rasterBody(
-        decode(transitIcon(kind, selected ? 96 : 48, { style: 'normal' })),
-      );
-      for (const style of ['surveillance', 'thermal', 'noir', 'nvg']) {
-        const svg = decode(transitIcon(kind, selected ? 96 : 48, { style }));
-        const mono = await rasterBody(svg);
-        assert.deepEqual(
-          mono.mask,
-          normal.mask,
-          `${kind}/${style}: no envelope`,
+    for (const heading of [true, false])
+      for (const kind of TRANSIT_ICON_KINDS) {
+        const normal = await rasterBody(
+          decode(
+            transitIcon(kind, selected ? 96 : 48, { style: 'normal', heading }),
+          ),
         );
-        assert.ok(
-          Math.abs(mono.aspect / normal.aspect - 1) <= 0.05,
-          `${kind}/${style}: aspect`,
-        );
-        const display =
-          (selected ? 30 : 20) * presetSpriteScale(style, selected);
-        const crt = (selected ? 30 : 20) * presetSpriteScale('retro', selected);
-        assert.equal(display, crt);
-        const frame = haloFrame(
-          presetSpriteOutlinePx(style, selected),
-          display,
-        );
-        const crtFrame = haloFrame(
-          presetSpriteOutlinePx('retro', selected),
-          crt,
-        );
-        assert.equal(
-          (display * frame.ratio) / frame.ratio,
-          (crt * crtFrame.ratio) / crtFrame.ratio,
-          'unpadded silhouette matches CRT; only external halo padding grows',
-        );
-        assert.equal(
-          (svg.match(/<path /g) || []).length,
-          2,
-          'only outer halo and opaque silhouette',
-        );
-        assert.match(svg, /fill="white" \/>/);
+        for (const style of ['surveillance', 'thermal', 'noir', 'nvg']) {
+          const svg = decode(
+            transitIcon(kind, selected ? 96 : 48, { style, heading }),
+          );
+          const mono = await rasterBody(svg);
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            mono.mask,
+            normal.mask,
+            `${kind}/${style}: no envelope`,
+          );
+          assert.ok(
+            Math.abs(mono.aspect / normal.aspect - 1) <= 0.05,
+            `${kind}/${style}: aspect`,
+          );
+          const display =
+            (selected ? 30 : 20) * presetSpriteScale(style, selected);
+          const crt =
+            (selected ? 30 : 20) * presetSpriteScale('retro', selected);
+          assert.equal(display, crt);
+          const frame = haloFrame(
+            presetSpriteOutlinePx(style, selected),
+            display,
+          );
+          const crtFrame = haloFrame(
+            presetSpriteOutlinePx('retro', selected),
+            crt,
+          );
+          assert.equal(
+            (display * frame.ratio) / frame.ratio,
+            (crt * crtFrame.ratio) / crtFrame.ratio,
+            'unpadded silhouette matches CRT; only external halo padding grows',
+          );
+          assert.equal(
+            (svg.match(/<path /g) || []).length,
+            2,
+            'only outer halo and opaque silhouette',
+          );
+          assert.match(svg, /fill="white" \/>/);
+        }
       }
-    }
 });
 
 test('sensor raster halo stays dark across its screen-space band on a white roof', async () => {
@@ -238,3 +247,58 @@ test('sensor raster halo stays dark across its screen-space band on a white roof
     assert.ok(black.pass, JSON.stringify({ selected, black }));
   }
 });
+
+test('a vehicle with a course shows its front; one without claims no direction', async () => {
+  const sharp = (await import('sharp')).default;
+  const outline = (svg) => svg.match(/<path d="([^"]+)"\s+fill="white"/)[1];
+  // Fleet-size raster of the outline alone: row widths from front to back.
+  const rows = async (d) => {
+    const { data, info } = await sharp(
+      Buffer.from(
+        `<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="96" height="96" viewBox="-48 -48 96 96"><path d="${d}" fill="white"/></svg>`,
+      ),
+    )
+      .resize(20, 20)
+      .ensureAlpha()
+      .raw()
+      .toBuffer({ resolveWithObject: true });
+    const out = [];
+    for (let y = 0; y < info.height; y++) {
+      let sum = 0;
+      for (let x = 0; x < info.width; x++)
+        sum += data[(y * info.width + x) * 4 + 3] / 255;
+      out.push(sum);
+    }
+    return out;
+  };
+  // How much the outline differs from itself turned end for end, in pixels.
+  const asymmetry = (r) =>
+    r.reduce((a, v, i) => a + Math.abs(v - r[r.length - 1 - i]), 0);
+  for (const kind of TRANSIT_ICON_KINDS) {
+    const pointed = await rows(outline(decode(transitIcon(kind))));
+    const neutral = await rows(
+      outline(decode(transitIcon(kind, 48, { heading: false }))),
+    );
+    assert.ok(
+      asymmetry(pointed) >= 2.5,
+      `${kind}: front reads at 20 px (${asymmetry(pointed).toFixed(2)})`,
+    );
+    assert.ok(
+      asymmetry(neutral) < 0.5,
+      `${kind}: no implied heading (${asymmetry(neutral).toFixed(2)})`,
+    );
+    // The front is the narrow end: the two leading rows of ink carry less
+    // than the two trailing rows.
+    const inked = pointed.flatMap((v, i) => (v > 0.05 ? [i] : []));
+    const first = inked[0];
+    const last = inked[inked.length - 1];
+    const lead = pointed[first] + pointed[first + 1];
+    const trail = pointed[last] + pointed[last - 1];
+    assert.ok(lead < trail, `${kind}: nose toward -Y`);
+  }
+  assert.notEqual(
+    transitIcon('bus'),
+    transitIcon('bus', 48, { heading: false }),
+  );
+  assert.equal(transitIcon('bus', 48, { heading: true }), transitIcon('bus'));
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/transit/rendering.js b/src/layers/transit/rendering.js
index 2309978a5..fafd9268b 100644
--- a/src/layers/transit/rendering.js
+++ b/src/layers/transit/rendering.js
@@ -232,11 +232,16 @@ export function createRendering({ state, services, parts }) {
     const displayPx = basePx * presetSpriteScale(style, selected);
     const frame = haloFrame(halo, displayPx);
     const px = displayPx * frame.ratio;
+    // A glyph with a front only when there is a course to point it along:
+    // without one the billboard sits at rotation 0 and a nose would say north.
+    const heading = Number.isFinite(entry.courseDeg);
+    entry.iconHeading = heading;
     marker.image = transitIcon(
       entry.mode,
       selected ? SELECTED_ICON_PX : undefined,
       {
         style,
+        heading,
       },
     );
     marker.width = px;
@@ -252,6 +257,12 @@ export function createRendering({ state, services, parts }) {
         MODE_CESIUM_COLORS[entry.mode] || MODE_CESIUM_COLORS.unknown;
   }
 
+  /** Swap between the pointed and the neutral glyph when a course appears or is lost. */
+  function syncHeadingIcon(entry) {
+    if (entry.marker && entry.iconHeading !== Number.isFinite(entry.courseDeg))
+      applySpriteStyle(entry);
+  }
+
   function addMarker(key, entry) {
     const marker = state._markers.add({
       id: key,
@@ -324,6 +335,7 @@ export function createRendering({ state, services, parts }) {
     for (const entry of state._visible) {
       // Idle contacts still need a course when their first usable bearing arrives.
       if (!state._moving.has(entry)) applyDisplayCourse(entry, monoNow);
+      syncHeadingIcon(entry);
       if (entry.key === state._selectedKey) continue;
       const course = entry.courseDeg;
       if (!Number.isFinite(course)) {
@@ -427,6 +439,7 @@ export function createRendering({ state, services, parts }) {
     refreshRotations(now);
     const selected = state._vehicles.get(state._selectedKey);
     if (selected && state._visible.has(selected)) {
+      syncHeadingIcon(selected);
       selected.marker.rotation = Number.isFinite(selected.courseDeg)
         ? perspectiveProjectedRotation(
             state._viewer.scene,

From dcd0f2cccd3d312771f7ad1fdf5dd53c0469cd66 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Itallo=20Brand=C3=A3o?=
 <45429643+IMBrandao@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 04:42:59 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 027/181] feat(layers): add shipwrecks layer (EMODnet +
 Wikidata)

A new Events layer maps shipwrecks with a card per wreck:
- EMODnet Human Activities heritage shipwrecks (about 6,500 in European
  waters, CC BY 4.0), skipping rows taken from wrecksite.eu.
- Wikidata shipwrecks with a Wikipedia article plus sinking events
  (CC0); an event folds into its ship for the date and death toll.
- A same-origin /api/shipwrecks proxy refreshes once a day and serves
  the last snapshot as stale for up to a week.

Markers are a boat icon coloured by era and sized by deaths; four era
chips filter the layer. The card follows the air-accidents layout
(deaths first). Text that names people is dropped; victims appear as
a count only.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 DATA_SOURCES.md                           |   2 +
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                     |  31 ++
 scripts/format-scope.json                 |   6 +-
 scripts/package-boundaries.json           |  24 ++
 server/providers/local.js                 |   2 +
 server/providers/shipwrecks.js            | 151 ++++++++
 src/app/constructCatalog.js               |   2 +
 src/app/constructCatalog.test.mjs         |   4 +-
 src/app/layers/shipwrecks.js              |  23 ++
 src/app/sourceComposition.js              |   1 +
 src/app/sourceComposition.test.mjs        |   2 +-
 src/data/dataCredits.js                   |   8 +
 src/data/layerState.js                    |   1 +
 src/data/layerState.test.mjs              |  50 ++-
 src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs   |  71 ++--
 src/data/layerStateTokenReservations.json |   1 +
 src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs         | 132 +++++++
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json                  |  37 +-
 src/i18n/locales/de.json                  |  33 +-
 src/i18n/locales/es.json                  |  34 +-
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json                  |  34 +-
 src/i18n/locales/it.json                  |  34 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json                  |  32 +-
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json                  |  34 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json                  |  35 +-
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json                  |  35 +-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json               |  32 +-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json             |  32 +-
 src/i18n/same-as-english.json             |  11 +
 src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js            | 123 +++++++
 src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.test.mjs      |  63 ++++
 src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js             |  33 ++
 src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.test.mjs       |  23 ++
 src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js            | 424 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js          | 428 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs    | 212 +++++++++++
 src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js           |  35 ++
 src/standalone/layerSources.js            |   2 +
 src/ui/layerNames.js                      |   1 +
 src/ui/layerPanel.js                      |   1 +
 src/voice/layerManifest.js                |   2 +
 41 files changed, 2168 insertions(+), 73 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 server/providers/shipwrecks.js
 create mode 100644 src/app/layers/shipwrecks.js
 create mode 100644 src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js
 create mode 100644 src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js
 create mode 100644 src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
 create mode 100644 src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js
 create mode 100644 src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js

diff --git a/DATA_SOURCES.md b/DATA_SOURCES.md
index cac0b5ab7..805771b67 100644
--- a/DATA_SOURCES.md
+++ b/DATA_SOURCES.md
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ How to read this:
 | **NASA GIBS** (WMTS tiles + Worldview Snapshots) and **NASA CMR** (granule catalog) | Recent Imagery layer: HLS S30/L30 (Sentinel-2, Landsat 8/9) and VIIRS true-colour tiles draped on the map, per-day thumbnails and PNG exports; the HLS granule catalog (dates, cloud, footprints) for a selected box | U.S. public domain (NASA data); keyless, browser-direct (CORS `*`); no bulk use — one 30-day catalog query per box, tiles bounded to the box, six tile requests in flight | "We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS)." — [gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov](https://gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov), [HLS](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/hlss30v002/) |
 | **NIFC WFIGS** (Wildland Fire Interagency Geospatial Services, ArcGIS feature service) | Fire Perimeters layer: current interagency wildfire incident perimeters, containment, and incident facts | U.S. public domain (interagency wildland-fire data published through the [NIFC Open Data portal](https://data-nifc.opendata.arcgis.com/)); fetched keyless through `/api/fire-perimeters` (5-minute server cache) with `exceededTransferLimit` paging | "Wildfire perimeters: National Interagency Fire Center (WFIGS)" |
 | **S2 Underground GhostMaps** (`github.com/s2underground/GhostMaps`) | S2 GhostMaps layer: the current edition of S2's KMZ intel products (Common Intelligence Picture, 30-day kinetic pull, Border Crisis Map, Iran and Yemen products, newest incident drop). Keyless. `/api/ghostmaps` reads the branch head from git's ref advertisement every 15 s (`GHOSTMAPS_POLL_SECONDS`, minimum 5 s), lists the tree through the GitHub REST API only when the head changes (optional `GITHUB_TOKEN`), downloads files by commit-pinned raw URLs into `.gev-cache/ghostmaps/` and pushes new catalogs to browsers over server-sent events | [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) (repository README: "S2 Underground © 2025 by S2A1"); non-commercial, attribution required; files are fetched at runtime, never stored in this repository | "S2 GhostMaps intel products: S2 Underground © by S2A1, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0" — shown in-app |
+| **EMODnet Human Activities — Ship wrecks** (`ows.emodnet-humanactivities.eu/wfs`, layer `emodnet:heritageshipwrecks`) | Shipwrecks layer: about 7,000 wrecks in European waters (name, sinking year and text, vessel type, least depth and its quality, position accuracy, period, cargo, protected status). Keyless WFS GeoJSON, fetched by `/api/shipwrecks` once a day; rows sourced from wrecksite.eu are skipped and text naming people is dropped | [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) (EMODnet catalogue record `e965088b-a265-4517-84df-c49b156af8a7`; data originator AND-International, compiled from SHOM, National Monuments Service, Historic England and the Oxford Roman Economy Project); fetched at runtime, not stored in this repository | "Shipwrecks (Europe): EMODnet Human Activities (data originator AND-International, …), CC BY 4.0" — shown in-app |
+| **Wikidata — shipwrecks** (`query.wikidata.org/sparql`) | Shipwrecks layer: shipwreck items (Q852190) with a coordinate and at least one Wikipedia article: name, ship type, sinking date, death count, description and article link. Keyless, fetched by `/api/shipwrecks` once a day | [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/); fetched at runtime | "Shipwrecks (worldwide): Wikidata (CC0)" — shown in-app |
 | **InciWeb** (inciweb.wildfire.gov)                                    | Per-incident "InciWeb ↗" card links to official incident pages (narratives, evacuation/closure notices) | U.S. government public incident information. Links are matched best-effort by incident name and state, with incident page origin and update times checked on selection. Same-origin `/api/fire-perimeters/inciweb` routes cache the catalog for 1 hour and publication metadata for 30 minutes; linked pages remain InciWeb content | "Incident information: InciWeb (inciweb.wildfire.gov)" |
 | **FAA Special Use Airspace** (`services6.arcgis.com` FeatureServer `Special_Use_Airspace`) | Prohibited & Restricted Airspace layer: US prohibited (P) and restricted (R) special-use airspace polygons (not the UAS Facility Map or UAS flight restrictions), altitude limits from the `*_VAL`/`*_UOM`/`*_CODE` fields, times of use, and controlling agency | U.S. public domain (FAA aeronautical data published through the [FAA AIS Open Data portal](https://adds-faa.opendata.arcgis.com/)); fetched keyless through `/api/drone-airspace` (1-hour server cache). Informational only — not a substitute for official UAS flight-planning tools | "Prohibited & restricted airspace: FAA Special Use Airspace" |
 | **OpenFreeMap / OpenMapTiles** | Vector tiles | OpenStreetMap data under ODbL 1.0 | OpenFreeMap © OpenMapTiles |
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index f1244947d..e0df74333 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -98,6 +98,36 @@ across the antimeridian, so they cannot use the strict ±180 check as-is, and
 `src/sources/adsbRecords.js` and `server/providers/common/geo.js` keep their own
 implementations.
 
+## Shipwrecks — EMODnet and Wikidata
+
+The Events group includes **Shipwrecks** (`shipwrecks`, share-link token `9`),
+off by default. `/api/shipwrecks` downloads EMODnet Human Activities'
+`emodnet:heritageshipwrecks` WFS layer (about 7,000 wrecks in European waters
+compiled from SHOM, Ireland's National Monuments Service, Historic England and
+the Oxford Roman Economy Project; CC BY 4.0) and a Wikidata SPARQL query for
+shipwreck items with a coordinate and at least one Wikipedia article (about
+1,450 worldwide; CC0), at most once a day, and serves the last good snapshot as
+stale for up to seven days when a refresh fails. One source failing still serves
+the other. EMODnet rows the portal took from wrecksite.eu are skipped (that site
+is not openly licensed). A Wikidata wreck with the same name within 3 km of an
+EMODnet wreck is merged into one record that keeps the article link and takes
+EMODnet's year, sinking text, depth and position accuracy. Only ship columns are
+read: EMODnet's long histories (`ship_char`, `obj_desc`) are not, and any
+sinking or cargo text that names a person (owner, master, a diver who reported
+it) is dropped whole; deaths appear only as a Wikidata count.
+
+The globe draws a small hull marker per wreck, ground-clamped with the depth
+test off and the horizon cull GhostMaps uses, coloured by era: before 1900
+(ancient wrecks dated only by period count here), 1900–1945, after 1945, and
+date unknown. Four row chips show or hide each era (session-only, not in the
+share link). Clicking a marker opens a `stateless` card with the name, vessel
+type, sinking date or year (or the archaeological dating), what happened, deaths,
+least depth and its quality, how well the position is known, period notes or
+the Wikidata description, cargo or finds, protected status, waters and source.
+Clicking the card opens the Wikipedia article (else the Wikidata item), the
+wreck's own web page when EMODnet lists one, else EMODnet's portal. Voice does
+not toggle this layer yet (prompt budget, as for the airspace layer).
+
 ## Prohibited & Restricted Airspace — FAA special-use airspace
 
 The Infrastructure group includes **Prohibited & Restricted Airspace** (`drone-airspace`,
@@ -4212,6 +4242,7 @@ its criteria cannot be silently ignored.
 | Ski Pistes ⛷ (`ski-pistes`) | OpenSnowMap piste raster tiles (keyless; CC BY-SA tiles, OSM data ODbL; no bulk download) | `src/data/osmOverlays.js` | — (browser-direct tiles) | on view (Cesium tile requests; no polling) |
 | Fire Perimeters 🔥 | NIFC WFIGS current interagency perimeters (keyless, paged past the 2000-record cap); InciWeb catalog + incident page origin and update time checks for verified incident-page links | `src/layers/perimeters/` via `src/app/layers/perimeters.js` | `/api/fire-perimeters` + `/api/fire-perimeters/inciweb/*` | 5 min (server caches: catalog 1 h; publication 30 min) |
 | Prohibited & Restricted Airspace 🚫 | FAA Special Use Airspace prohibited (P) and restricted (R) zones (keyless FeatureServer, simplified geometry) | `src/layers/droneAirspace/` via `src/app/layers/droneAirspace.js` | `/api/drone-airspace` | 1 h (server cache 1 h; stale-on-error) |
+| Shipwrecks ⚓ (`shipwrecks`) | EMODnet Human Activities heritage shipwrecks (European waters, keyless WFS, CC BY 4.0) and Wikidata (notable wrecks worldwide, keyless, CC0) | `src/layers/shipwrecks/` via `src/app/layers/shipwrecks.js` | `/api/shipwrecks` | 6 h page check; server refresh once a day (stale-on-error up to 7 days) |
 
 GNSS Integrity samples a 250 nm circle around the Earth point under the screen
 centre. Camera reads debounce for 600 ms with a monotonic 2.5 s minimum gap;
diff --git a/scripts/format-scope.json b/scripts/format-scope.json
index 2c589d8cc..d3eb3d95b 100644
--- a/scripts/format-scope.json
+++ b/scripts/format-scope.json
@@ -1267,5 +1267,9 @@
   "src/voice/geminiTextChat.js",
   "src/voice/panelLayout.js",
   "src/voice/textChat.js",
-  "src/voice/textProtocol.js"
+  "src/voice/textProtocol.js",
+  "src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs",
+  "src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.test.mjs",
+  "src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.test.mjs",
+  "src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs"
 ]
diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index d008ceaaa..7460d06d2 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -2939,6 +2939,12 @@
       "src/layers/ghostMaps/records.js",
       "src/layers/ghostMaps/kml.js",
       "src/layers/ghostMaps/source.js",
+      "src/app/layers/shipwrecks.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js",
       "src/app/layers/droneAirspace.js",
       "src/layers/droneAirspace/index.js",
       "src/layers/droneAirspace/source.js",
@@ -3690,6 +3696,12 @@
       "src/layers/ghostMaps/records.js",
       "src/layers/ghostMaps/kml.js",
       "src/layers/ghostMaps/source.js",
+      "src/app/layers/shipwrecks.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js",
       "src/app/layers/droneAirspace.js",
       "src/layers/droneAirspace/index.js",
       "src/layers/droneAirspace/source.js",
@@ -4751,6 +4763,12 @@
       "src/layers/ghostMaps/records.js",
       "src/layers/ghostMaps/kml.js",
       "src/layers/ghostMaps/source.js",
+      "src/app/layers/shipwrecks.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js",
       "src/sources/httpBody.js",
       "src/data/geoFileImport.js",
       "src/i18n/marker.js",
@@ -4778,6 +4796,12 @@
     "exports": ["./layers/ghostmaps/source"],
     "modules": [
       "src/layers/ghostMaps/source.js",
+      "src/app/layers/shipwrecks.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js",
       "src/layers/ghostMaps/catalog.js",
       "src/sources/httpBody.js",
       "src/i18n/marker.js"
diff --git a/server/providers/local.js b/server/providers/local.js
index 7067f3ec5..2b3b27c54 100644
--- a/server/providers/local.js
+++ b/server/providers/local.js
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import { weatherProxy } from './weather.js';
 import { firePerimetersProxy } from './firePerimeters.js';
 import { gnssIntegrityProxy } from './gnssIntegrity.js';
 import { ghostMapsProxy } from './ghostMaps.js';
+import { shipwrecksProxy } from './shipwrecks.js';
 import { droneAirspaceProxy } from './droneAirspace.js';
 import { cycloneProxy } from './cyclones.js';
 import { windProxy } from './wind.js';
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@ function localProviderPlugins({
     firePerimetersProxy(),
     gnssIntegrityProxy(),
     ghostMapsProxy(),
+    shipwrecksProxy(),
     droneAirspaceProxy(),
     keySetupEndpoint(),
   ];
diff --git a/server/providers/shipwrecks.js b/server/providers/shipwrecks.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44491209d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/providers/shipwrecks.js
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import {
+  EMODNET_WFS_URL,
+  WIKIDATA_QUERY,
+  mergeShipwreckRecords,
+  normalizeEmodnetFeatures,
+  normalizeWikidataResults,
+} from '../../src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js';
+import { coalesceProxyRequest, readResponseJsonCapped } from './common/http.js';
+import { clientKey, makeRateLimiter } from './common/rate-limit.js';
+
+const MIB = 1024 * 1024;
+/** EMODnet republishes the wreck layer about once a year; Wikidata daily at most. */
+const REFRESH_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+/** A failed refresh keeps serving the last snapshot this long, marked stale. */
+const STALE_MAX_MS = 7 * REFRESH_MS;
+// Only the columns the card uses; ship_char/obj_desc histories can name people
+// and are not read beyond a short vessel type.
+const EMODNET_PROPERTIES = [
+  'source_id',
+  'country',
+  'name',
+  'least_depth',
+  'depth_prec',
+  'loc_prec',
+  'sink_context',
+  'sink_yr',
+  'dating',
+  'period',
+  'statutory',
+  'ship_char',
+  'obj_type',
+  'artefacts',
+  'source_inf',
+  'website1',
+  'point_info',
+  'the_geom',
+].join(',');
+const EMODNET_URL = `${EMODNET_WFS_URL}&propertyName=${EMODNET_PROPERTIES}`;
+const WIKIDATA_URL =
+  'https://query.wikidata.org/sparql?format=json&query=' +
+  encodeURIComponent(WIKIDATA_QUERY);
+// Wikimedia asks automated clients to name themselves.
+const USER_AGENT =
+  "God's Eye View shipwrecks layer (https://github.com/bilawalsidhu/gods-eye-view)";
+
+/** Fixed-origin, cached EMODnet + Wikidata shipwreck snapshot for dev and preview. */
+export function shipwrecksProxy({
+  fetchImpl = (...args) => globalThis.fetch(...args),
+  now = () => Date.now(),
+} = {}) {
+  let snapshot = null;
+  const inFlight = new Map();
+  const allow = makeRateLimiter({ windowMs: 60_000, max: 30, globalMax: 600 });
+
+  async function upstreamJson(url, maxBytes) {
+    const signal = AbortSignal.timeout(90_000);
+    const response = await fetchImpl(url, {
+      signal,
+      redirect: 'error',
+      headers: { 'User-Agent': USER_AGENT, Accept: 'application/json' },
+    });
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      await response.body?.cancel();
+      throw new Error('upstream_unavailable');
+    }
+    return readResponseJsonCapped(response, maxBytes, signal);
+  }
+
+  async function fetchEmodnet() {
+    const records = normalizeEmodnetFeatures(
+      await upstreamJson(EMODNET_URL, 32 * MIB),
+    );
+    if (!records.length) throw new Error('invalid_emodnet_layer');
+    return records;
+  }
+
+  async function fetchWikidata() {
+    return normalizeWikidataResults(await upstreamJson(WIKIDATA_URL, 16 * MIB));
+  }
+
+  /** One source failing still serves the other; both failing is an error. */
+  async function load() {
+    const [emodnet, wikidata] = await Promise.allSettled([
+      fetchEmodnet(),
+      fetchWikidata(),
+    ]);
+    if (emodnet.status === 'rejected' && wikidata.status === 'rejected')
+      throw new Error('shipwrecks_unavailable');
+    const records = mergeShipwreckRecords(
+      emodnet.status === 'fulfilled' ? emodnet.value : [],
+      wikidata.status === 'fulfilled' ? wikidata.value : [],
+    );
+    return {
+      fetchedAt: now(),
+      sources: {
+        emodnet: emodnet.status === 'fulfilled',
+        wikidata: wikidata.status === 'fulfilled',
+      },
+      records,
+    };
+  }
+
+  async function acquire() {
+    if (snapshot && now() - snapshot.fetchedAt < REFRESH_MS)
+      return { value: snapshot, stale: false };
+    try {
+      const { promise } = coalesceProxyRequest(inFlight, 'snapshot', load);
+      snapshot = await promise;
+      return { value: snapshot, stale: false };
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (snapshot && now() - snapshot.fetchedAt <= STALE_MAX_MS)
+        return { value: snapshot, stale: true };
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function handler(req, res) {
+    const json = (status, value, stale = false) => {
+      if (res.destroyed) return;
+      res.writeHead(status, {
+        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+        'Cache-Control': 'no-store',
+        ...(status === 405 ? { Allow: 'GET' } : {}),
+        ...(status === 429 ? { 'Retry-After': '60' } : {}),
+        ...(stale ? { 'X-Data-Stale': 'true' } : {}),
+      });
+      res.end(JSON.stringify(value));
+    };
+    if (req.method !== 'GET') return json(405, { error: 'method_not_allowed' });
+    const path = (req.url || '/').split('?')[0];
+    if (path !== '/' && path !== '')
+      return json(404, { error: 'unknown_route' });
+    if (!allow(clientKey(req))) return json(429, { error: 'rate_limited' });
+    try {
+      const { value, stale } = await acquire();
+      json(200, stale ? { ...value, stale: true } : value, stale);
+    } catch {
+      json(502, { error: 'shipwrecks_unavailable' });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    name: 'shipwrecks',
+    configureServer({ middlewares }) {
+      middlewares.use('/api/shipwrecks', handler);
+    },
+    configurePreviewServer({ middlewares }) {
+      middlewares.use('/api/shipwrecks', handler);
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/app/constructCatalog.js b/src/app/constructCatalog.js
index 488a5e9ab..74c6df1b7 100644
--- a/src/app/constructCatalog.js
+++ b/src/app/constructCatalog.js
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import { createApplicationAirQuality } from './layers/airQuality.js';
 import { createApplicationFirePerimeters } from './layers/perimeters.js';
 import { createApplicationGnssIntegrity } from './layers/gnss.js';
 import { createApplicationGhostMaps } from './layers/ghostMaps.js';
+import { createApplicationShipwrecks } from './layers/shipwrecks.js';
 import { createApplicationDroneAirspace } from './layers/droneAirspace.js';
 import { createApplicationCables } from './layers/submarineCables.js';
 import { createOsmOverlayLayers } from '../data/osmOverlays.js';
@@ -134,6 +135,7 @@ export function createApplicationCatalog({
           windowMs: sources['gnss-integrity'].windowMs,
         }),
         createApplicationGhostMaps({ source: sources['s2-ghostmaps'] }),
+        createApplicationShipwrecks({ source: sources.shipwrecks }),
         createApplicationDroneAirspace({
           source: sources['drone-airspace'],
         }),
diff --git a/src/app/constructCatalog.test.mjs b/src/app/constructCatalog.test.mjs
index 82a1dbcf0..3d61df3b3 100644
--- a/src/app/constructCatalog.test.mjs
+++ b/src/app/constructCatalog.test.mjs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ test('catalogs construct distinct layers and classification from their supplied
     signal: b.signal,
     surface: fixtureSurface(b.signal),
   });
-  assert.equal(first.layers.length, 37);
+  assert.equal(first.layers.length, 38);
   assert.ok(first.get('local-adsb'), 'Local ADS-B is registered');
   assert.deepEqual(
     first.metadata.find(({ id }) => id === 'osm-places'),
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ test('Mapillary can be omitted or replaced without changing catalog membership',
     surface: fixtureSurface(lifetime.signal),
   };
   const catalog = createApplicationCatalog(options);
-  assert.equal(catalog.layers.length, 37);
+  assert.equal(catalog.layers.length, 38);
   assert.deepEqual(catalog.get('street-level').providerIds, []);
   assert.equal(
     catalogControlServices(catalog).streetLevelLayer,
diff --git a/src/app/layers/shipwrecks.js b/src/app/layers/shipwrecks.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ece2d2dce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/layers/shipwrecks.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { createShipwrecksLayer } from '../../layers/shipwrecks/index.js';
+import * as picking from '../../data/pickRegistry.js';
+import * as overlays from '../../overlays/worldOverlay.js';
+import { isPointerFree } from '../../data/inputOwnership.js';
+
+/** Wire the EMODnet + Wikidata shipwrecks layer into the application catalog. */
+export function createApplicationShipwrecks(options) {
+  return createShipwrecksLayer({
+    overlayHost: {
+      setEntries: overlays.setOverlayEntries,
+      setVisible: overlays.setOverlaySourceVisible,
+      clearSource: overlays.clearOverlaySource,
+      hitTest: overlays.hitTestWorldOverlay,
+    },
+    openExternal: (url) => window.open(url, '_blank', 'noopener,noreferrer'),
+    screenSpaceEventHandlerFactory: (viewer) =>
+      new Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventHandler(viewer.scene.canvas),
+    picking,
+    pointer: { isPointerFree },
+    ...options,
+  });
+}
diff --git a/src/app/sourceComposition.js b/src/app/sourceComposition.js
index a12378260..c45b63e0f 100644
--- a/src/app/sourceComposition.js
+++ b/src/app/sourceComposition.js
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ export const CATALOG_SOURCE_CONTRACTS = Object.freeze({
   'air-quality': contract(['air-quality'], ['getSnapshot']),
   'gnss-integrity': contract(['gnss-integrity'], ['getSnapshot']),
   's2-ghostmaps': contract(['s2-ghostmaps'], ['getCatalog', 'getFile']),
+  shipwrecks: contract(['shipwrecks'], ['getSnapshot']),
   'drone-airspace': contract(['drone-airspace'], ['getSnapshot']),
   cables: contract(['telegeography-submarine-cables'], ['fetch']),
   transit: contract(['transit'], ['requestSnapshot', 'getHistory']),
diff --git a/src/app/sourceComposition.test.mjs b/src/app/sourceComposition.test.mjs
index cee9c1246..2a18039f2 100644
--- a/src/app/sourceComposition.test.mjs
+++ b/src/app/sourceComposition.test.mjs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ test('every acquisition source can be omitted without losing catalog membership'
 
 test('all acquisition sources may be absent, and enable fails before initializing or fetching', async (t) => {
   const actual = catalog({}, t);
-  assert.equal(actual.layers.length, 37);
+  assert.equal(actual.layers.length, 38);
   const manager = new LayerLifecycle(
     {},
     { getSourceAvailability: actual.getSourceAvailability },
diff --git a/src/data/dataCredits.js b/src/data/dataCredits.js
index 29075550c..6da48aa00 100644
--- a/src/data/dataCredits.js
+++ b/src/data/dataCredits.js
@@ -492,6 +492,14 @@ export const DATA_CREDITS = [
       'licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a>. ' +
       'Shown as published; reports are S2 assessments, not verified fact.',
   },
+  {
+    key: 'shipwrecks',
+    html:
+      'Shipwrecks (Europe): <a href="https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/en/human-activities" target="_blank" rel="noopener">EMODnet Human Activities</a> ' +
+      '(data originator AND-International, compiled from SHOM, Ireland&rsquo;s National Monuments Service, Historic England and the Oxford Roman Economy Project), ' +
+      'licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CC BY 4.0</a>' +
+      ' · Shipwrecks (worldwide): <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wikidata</a> (CC0)',
+  },
   {
     key: 'drivebc-cctv',
     html:
diff --git a/src/data/layerState.js b/src/data/layerState.js
index 46dadf9a0..9f26d6cc9 100644
--- a/src/data/layerState.js
+++ b/src/data/layerState.js
@@ -691,6 +691,7 @@ export const LAYER_STATE_REGISTRY = Object.freeze([
     optionOwner: 'satellites',
   }),
   Object.freeze({ id: 'sea-marks', token: '6', disposition: 'enabled-only' }),
+  Object.freeze({ id: 'shipwrecks', token: '9', disposition: 'enabled-only' }),
   Object.freeze({ id: 'ski-pistes', token: '7', disposition: 'enabled-only' }),
   Object.freeze({
     id: 'street-level',
diff --git a/src/data/layerState.test.mjs b/src/data/layerState.test.mjs
index 9d30e8973..b6dfd5354 100644
--- a/src/data/layerState.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/layerState.test.mjs
@@ -203,8 +203,8 @@ function encode(state) {
 
 test('production registry is exact, canonical, and rejects incomplete contracts', async () => {
   assert.equal(validateLayerStateRegistry(), true);
-  assert.equal(REGISTERED_LAYER_IDS.length, 35);
-  assert.equal(new Set(REGISTERED_LAYER_IDS).size, 35);
+  assert.equal(REGISTERED_LAYER_IDS.length, 36);
+  assert.equal(new Set(REGISTERED_LAYER_IDS).size, 36);
   assert.ok(REGISTERED_LAYER_IDS.includes('transit'));
   assert.deepEqual(REGISTERED_LAYER_IDS, [...REGISTERED_LAYER_IDS].sort());
   assert.deepEqual(LEGACY_LAYER_STATE_TOKENS, {
@@ -243,19 +243,17 @@ test('production registry is exact, canonical, and rejects incomplete contracts'
   for (const [id, token] of Object.entries(LEGACY_LAYER_STATE_TOKENS)) {
     assert.equal(LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS[id], token);
   }
-  assert.equal(nextLayerStateToken(), '9');
+  assert.equal(nextLayerStateToken(), '00');
   assert.equal(
     nextLayerStateToken({
       ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS,
-      alpha: '9',
-      bravo: '00',
+      alpha: '00',
+      bravo: '01',
     }),
-    '01',
+    '02',
   );
-  const digitsExhausted = {
-    ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS,
-    ...Object.fromEntries([...'9'].map((digit) => [`prior-${digit}`, digit])),
-  };
+  // shipwrecks took the last single digit, 9.
+  const digitsExhausted = { ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS };
   assert.equal(nextLayerStateToken(digitsExhausted), '00');
   assert.equal(
     nextLayerStateToken({ ...digitsExhausted, retired: '00', used: '01' }),
@@ -306,8 +304,8 @@ test('production registry is exact, canonical, and rejects incomplete contracts'
   assert.equal(
     validateLayerStateAllocations(LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS, {
       ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS,
-      future: '9',
-      next: '00',
+      future: '00',
+      next: '01',
     }),
     true,
   );
@@ -315,12 +313,12 @@ test('production registry is exact, canonical, and rejects incomplete contracts'
     () =>
       validateLayerStateAllocations(LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS, {
         ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS,
-        future: '00',
+        future: '01',
       }),
-    /next free token 9/,
+    /next free token 00/,
   );
   const beforeLastDigit = { ...digitsExhausted };
-  delete beforeLastDigit['prior-9'];
+  delete beforeLastDigit.shipwrecks;
   assert.equal(
     validateLayerStateAllocations(beforeLastDigit, {
       ...beforeLastDigit,
@@ -340,10 +338,10 @@ test('production registry is exact, canonical, and rejects incomplete contracts'
   assert.throws(
     () =>
       validateLayerStateAllocations(
-        { ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS, merged: '9' },
-        { ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS, merged: '9', competing: '9' },
+        { ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS, merged: '00' },
+        { ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS, merged: '00', competing: '00' },
       ),
-    /next free token 00/,
+    /next free token 01/,
   );
   assert.throws(
     () => validateLayerStateAllocations({ future: '00' }, { future: '01' }),
@@ -2711,6 +2709,22 @@ test('drone restrictions uses digit 8 without colliding with fire perimeters', (
   );
 });
 
+test('shipwrecks uses digit 9 without colliding with drone restrictions', () => {
+  const decoded = decodeLayerStateParams(new URLSearchParams('v=2&l=9.8'));
+  assert.deepEqual(decoded.enabledLayerIds, [
+    'drone-airspace',
+    'shipwrecks',
+  ]);
+  assert.equal(
+    LAYER_STATE_REGISTRY.find(({ id }) => id === 'shipwrecks').token,
+    '9',
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    decodeLayerStateParams(new URLSearchParams(encode(decoded))),
+    decoded,
+  );
+});
+
 test('GNSS interference uses digit 3 without colliding with other digit tokens', () => {
   const decoded = decodeLayerStateParams(new URLSearchParams('v=2&l=3.2.1'));
   assert.deepEqual(decoded.enabledLayerIds, [
diff --git a/src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs b/src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs
index d46782378..44086b4bd 100644
--- a/src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ test('reservation ledger is complete, pinned, and rejects duplicate or malformed
     { ...parseLayerStateTokenReservations(reservationRows) },
     { ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS },
   );
-  assert.equal(Object.keys(LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS).length, 35);
+  assert.equal(Object.keys(LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS).length, 36);
   assert.deepEqual(
     { ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS },
     {
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test('reservation ledger is complete, pinned, and rejects duplicate or malformed
       'sea-marks': '6',
       'ski-pistes': '7',
       'drone-airspace': '8',
+      shipwrecks: '9',
     },
   );
   assert.throws(
@@ -165,9 +166,9 @@ test('reservation ledger is complete, pinned, and rejects duplicate or malformed
     /Duplicate layer-state token reservation/,
   );
   assert.equal(
-    parseLayerStateTokenReservations([...reservationRows, ['future', '9']])
+    parseLayerStateTokenReservations([...reservationRows, ['future', '00']])
       .future,
-    '9',
+    '00',
   );
   assert.throws(
     () =>
@@ -185,14 +186,14 @@ test('reservation ledger is complete, pinned, and rejects duplicate or malformed
 
 test('published retired digits and competing PRs advance the merge-time allocation', () => {
   withPublishedBase(
-    { rows: [...reservationRows, ['retired-layer', '9']] },
+    { rows: [...reservationRows, ['retired-layer', '00']] },
     (cwd) => {
       const published = readPublishedLayerStateReservations('HEAD', cwd);
-      assert.equal(nextLayerStateToken(published), '00');
+      assert.equal(nextLayerStateToken(published), '01');
       assert.equal(
         validateLayerStateAllocations(published, {
           ...published,
-          newcomer: '00',
+          newcomer: '01',
         }),
         true,
       );
@@ -200,15 +201,15 @@ test('published retired digits and competing PRs advance the merge-time allocati
         () =>
           validateLayerStateAllocations(published, {
             ...published,
-            competing: '9',
+            competing: '00',
           }),
-        /next free token 00/,
+        /next free token 01/,
       );
       assert.throws(
         () =>
           validateLayerStateAllocations(published, {
             ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS,
-            newcomer: '9',
+            newcomer: '00',
           }),
         /changed or removed: retired-layer/,
       );
@@ -216,8 +217,8 @@ test('published retired digits and competing PRs advance the merge-time allocati
   );
 });
 
-test('PR B manually replaces provisional 9 with 00 after PR A publishes 9', () => {
-  withPublishedBase({ rows: [...reservationRows, ['pr-a', '9']] }, (cwd) => {
+test('PR B manually replaces provisional 00 with 01 after PR A publishes 00', () => {
+  withPublishedBase({ rows: [...reservationRows, ['pr-a', '00']] }, (cwd) => {
     mkdirSync(path.join(cwd, 'scripts'));
     const fixtureChecker = path.join(
       cwd,
@@ -238,8 +239,8 @@ test('PR B manually replaces provisional 9 with 00 after PR A publishes 9', () =
 
     writeCodecFixture(
       cwd,
-      [...reservationRows, ['pr-b', '9']],
-      [{ id: 'pr-b', token: '9' }],
+      [...reservationRows, ['pr-b', '00']],
+      [{ id: 'pr-b', token: '00' }],
     );
     const beforeRebase = runCheck();
     assert.equal(beforeRebase.status, 1);
@@ -247,10 +248,10 @@ test('PR B manually replaces provisional 9 with 00 after PR A publishes 9', () =
 
     writeCodecFixture(
       cwd,
-      [...reservationRows, ['pr-a', '9'], ['pr-b', '9']],
+      [...reservationRows, ['pr-a', '00'], ['pr-b', '00']],
       [
-        { id: 'pr-a', token: '9' },
-        { id: 'pr-b', token: '9' },
+        { id: 'pr-a', token: '00' },
+        { id: 'pr-b', token: '00' },
       ],
     );
     const staleRebase = runCheck();
@@ -258,16 +259,16 @@ test('PR B manually replaces provisional 9 with 00 after PR A publishes 9', () =
     assert.match(staleRebase.stderr, /Duplicate layer-state token reservation/);
 
     const published = readPublishedLayerStateReservations('HEAD', cwd);
-    assert.equal(nextLayerStateToken(published), '00');
-    const validBaselineRows = [...reservationRows, ['pr-a', '9']];
-    writeCodecFixture(cwd, validBaselineRows, [{ id: 'pr-a', token: '9' }]);
+    assert.equal(nextLayerStateToken(published), '01');
+    const validBaselineRows = [...reservationRows, ['pr-a', '00']];
+    writeCodecFixture(cwd, validBaselineRows, [{ id: 'pr-a', token: '00' }]);
     const helper = spawnSync(
       process.execPath,
       [realpathSync(fixtureNext), 'pr-b'],
       { cwd, encoding: 'utf8' },
     );
     assert.equal(helper.status, 0, helper.stderr);
-    assert.match(helper.stdout, /pr-b: 00/);
+    assert.match(helper.stdout, /pr-b: 01/);
     assert.deepEqual(
       JSON.parse(readFileSync(path.join(cwd, LEDGER_PATH), 'utf8')),
       validBaselineRows,
@@ -275,26 +276,23 @@ test('PR B manually replaces provisional 9 with 00 after PR A publishes 9', () =
     );
     writeCodecFixture(
       cwd,
-      [...reservationRows, ['pr-a', '9'], ['pr-b', '00']],
+      [...reservationRows, ['pr-a', '00'], ['pr-b', '01']],
       [
-        { id: 'pr-a', token: '9' },
-        { id: 'pr-b', token: '00' },
+        { id: 'pr-a', token: '00' },
+        { id: 'pr-b', token: '01' },
       ],
     );
     const corrected = runCheck();
     assert.equal(corrected.status, 0, corrected.stderr);
-    assert.match(corrected.stdout, /36 published, 1 new/);
+    assert.match(corrected.stdout, /37 published, 1 new/);
   });
 });
 
 test('allocation batches cross the last digit and base-36 pair boundaries in order', () => {
-  const digitRows = [...'9'].map((digit) => [`retired-${digit}`, digit]);
-  const allDigits = parseLayerStateTokenReservations([
-    ...reservationRows,
-    ...digitRows,
-  ]);
+  // shipwrecks took the last single digit, 9.
+  const allDigits = parseLayerStateTokenReservations(reservationRows);
   const beforeNine = { ...allDigits };
-  delete beforeNine['retired-9'];
+  delete beforeNine['shipwrecks'];
   assert.equal(
     validateLayerStateAllocations(beforeNine, {
       ...beforeNine,
@@ -340,26 +338,19 @@ test('allocation batches cross the last digit and base-36 pair boundaries in ord
 test('an isolated valid two-character fixture round-trips an l field beyond the old 64-character cap', async () => {
   const cwd = mkdtempSync(path.join(tmpdir(), 'gev-layer-token-width-'));
   try {
-    const priorDigits = [...'9'].map((digit) => [
-      `qa-prior-digit-${digit}`,
-      digit,
-    ]);
     const fixtureLayers = ['00', '01', '02', '03'].map((token) => ({
       id: `qa-layer-${token}`,
       token,
     }));
     const fixtureRows = [
       ...reservationRows,
-      ...priorDigits,
       ...fixtureLayers.map(({ id, token }) => [id, token]),
     ];
     const fixtureModule = writeCodecFixture(cwd, fixtureRows, fixtureLayers);
     const codec = await import(pathToFileURL(fixtureModule));
     assert.equal(codec.validateLayerStateRegistry(), true);
     assert.equal(
-      nextLayerStateToken(
-        parseLayerStateTokenReservations([...reservationRows, ...priorDigits]),
-      ),
+      nextLayerStateToken(parseLayerStateTokenReservations(reservationRows)),
       '00',
     );
     assert.equal(
@@ -377,7 +368,7 @@ test('an isolated valid two-character fixture round-trips an l field beyond the
     const params = new URLSearchParams([['v', '2']]);
     codec.encodeLayerStateParams(params, state);
     assert.ok(params.get('l').length > 64, 'fixture must cross the old cap');
-    assert.equal(params.get('l').length, 81);
+    assert.equal(params.get('l').length, 83);
     const restored = codec.decodeLayerStateParams(params);
     assert.deepEqual(restored?.enabledLayerIds, expectedLayerIds);
     assert.deepEqual(restored?.options, state.options);
@@ -395,7 +386,7 @@ test('checker reads a complete future base ledger and rejects retired-token reus
     },
     (cwd) => {
       const published = readPublishedLayerStateReservations('HEAD', cwd);
-      assert.equal(Object.keys(published).length, 36);
+      assert.equal(Object.keys(published).length, 37);
       assert.equal(published['retired-layer'], '00');
       assert.throws(
         () =>
diff --git a/src/data/layerStateTokenReservations.json b/src/data/layerStateTokenReservations.json
index 836112713..aab62411b 100644
--- a/src/data/layerStateTokenReservations.json
+++ b/src/data/layerStateTokenReservations.json
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
   ["s2-ghostmaps", "5"],
   ["satellites", "s"],
   ["sea-marks", "6"],
+  ["shipwrecks", "9"],
   ["ski-pistes", "7"],
   ["street-level", "0"],
   ["telegeography-submarine-cables", "u"],
diff --git a/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs b/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45e6b6973
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { shipwrecksProxy } from '../../server/providers/shipwrecks.js';
+
+const EMODNET = {
+  type: 'FeatureCollection',
+  features: [
+    {
+      type: 'Feature',
+      id: 'heritageshipwrecks.1',
+      geometry: { type: 'Point', coordinates: [-0.92, 50.74] },
+      properties: { name: 'HMS/m A1', sink_yr: '1911', country: 'UK' },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+function fakeFetch({ wikidataFails = false, emodnetFails = false } = {}) {
+  const calls = [];
+  const fetchImpl = async (url, options) => {
+    calls.push({ url: String(url), options });
+    const href = String(url);
+    if (href.includes('query.wikidata.org')) {
+      if (wikidataFails) return new Response('', { status: 503 });
+      return Response.json({ results: { bindings: [] } });
+    }
+    if (emodnetFails) return new Response('', { status: 503 });
+    if (href.includes('ows.emodnet-humanactivities.eu'))
+      return Response.json(EMODNET);
+    return new Response('', { status: 404 });
+  };
+  return { fetchImpl, calls };
+}
+
+function handlerOf(plugin) {
+  let handler;
+  plugin.configureServer({
+    middlewares: { use: (_path, fn) => (handler = fn) },
+  });
+  return handler;
+}
+
+function request(handler, { method = 'GET', url = '/' } = {}) {
+  return new Promise((resolve) => {
+    const res = {
+      destroyed: false,
+      writeHead(status, headers) {
+        this.status = status;
+        this.headers = headers;
+      },
+      end(body) {
+        resolve({
+          status: this.status,
+          headers: this.headers,
+          body: JSON.parse(body),
+        });
+      },
+    };
+    handler(
+      { method, url, headers: {}, socket: { remoteAddress: '127.0.0.1' } },
+      res,
+    );
+  });
+}
+
+test('serves one cached snapshot from fixed upstreams', async () => {
+  const { fetchImpl, calls } = fakeFetch();
+  const handler = handlerOf(shipwrecksProxy({ fetchImpl }));
+  const first = await request(handler);
+  assert.equal(first.status, 200);
+  assert.equal(first.body.records.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(first.body.records[0].name, 'HMS/m A1');
+  assert.equal(first.body.records[0].year, 1911);
+  assert.deepEqual(first.body.sources, { emodnet: true, wikidata: true });
+  for (const { url } of calls)
+    assert.match(
+      url,
+      /^https:\/\/(ows\.emodnet-humanactivities\.eu\/wfs\?|query\.wikidata\.org\/sparql\?)/,
+    );
+  const count = calls.length;
+  await request(handler);
+  assert.equal(calls.length, count, 'second request is served from cache');
+});
+
+test('one failing source still serves the other; both failing is a 502', async () => {
+  const partial = handlerOf(
+    shipwrecksProxy({
+      fetchImpl: fakeFetch({ wikidataFails: true }).fetchImpl,
+    }),
+  );
+  const ok = await request(partial);
+  assert.equal(ok.status, 200);
+  assert.deepEqual(ok.body.sources, { emodnet: true, wikidata: false });
+
+  const down = handlerOf(
+    shipwrecksProxy({
+      fetchImpl: fakeFetch({ wikidataFails: true, emodnetFails: true })
+        .fetchImpl,
+    }),
+  );
+  assert.equal((await request(down)).status, 502);
+});
+
+test('a failed refresh serves the last snapshot as stale', async () => {
+  let clock = 0;
+  let fail = false;
+  const { fetchImpl: good } = fakeFetch();
+  const { fetchImpl: bad } = fakeFetch({
+    wikidataFails: true,
+    emodnetFails: true,
+  });
+  const handler = handlerOf(
+    shipwrecksProxy({
+      fetchImpl: (...args) => (fail ? bad : good)(...args),
+      now: () => clock,
+    }),
+  );
+  await request(handler);
+  fail = true;
+  clock = 25 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+  const stale = await request(handler);
+  assert.equal(stale.status, 200);
+  assert.equal(stale.body.stale, true);
+  assert.equal(stale.headers['X-Data-Stale'], 'true');
+});
+
+test('rejects other methods and routes', async () => {
+  const handler = handlerOf(
+    shipwrecksProxy({ fetchImpl: fakeFetch().fetchImpl }),
+  );
+  assert.equal((await request(handler, { method: 'POST' })).status, 405);
+  assert.equal((await request(handler, { url: '/x' })).status, 404);
+});
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index c9fca14ce..147d9e307 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -3404,5 +3404,40 @@
   "FAA prohibited and restricted special-use airspace only, not the UAS Facility Map or UAS flight restrictions. Informational only — not a substitute for official UAS flight-planning tools (B4UFLY / LAANC).": "المجال الجوي الخاص المحظور والمقيّد لدى FAA فقط، ولا يشمل UAS Facility Map أو قيود طيران UAS. للعلم فقط — ولا يغني عن الأدوات الرسمية لتخطيط رحلات UAS (B4UFLY / LAANC).",
   "Prohibited": "محظور",
   "Restricted": "مقيّد",
-  "Prohibited & Restricted Airspace": "المجال الجوي المحظور والمقيّد"
+  "Prohibited & Restricted Airspace": "المجال الجوي المحظور والمقيّد",
+  "Shipwrecks": "حطام السفن",
+  "Before 1900": "قبل 1900",
+  "After 1945": "بعد 1945",
+  "Date unknown": "التاريخ غير معروف",
+  "Position: centre of the protected area": "الموقع: مركز المنطقة المحمية",
+  "Position approximate (within about {km} km)": "الموقع تقريبي (في حدود {km} كم تقريبًا)",
+  "Position surveyed (within about {m} m)": "الموقع مُسَح (في حدود {m} م تقريبًا)",
+  "Vessel: {value}": "السفينة: {value}",
+  "What happened: {value}": "ما حدث: {value}",
+  "Depth: {m} m ({quality})": "العمق: {m} م ({quality})",
+  "Depth: {m} m": "العمق: {m} م",
+  "Notes: {value}": "ملاحظات: {value}",
+  "Cargo or finds: {value}": "الحمولة أو المكتشفات: {value}",
+  "Protected wreck": "حطام محمي",
+  "Source: {value}": "المصدر: {value}",
+  "Click the card to open EMODnet ↗": "انقر على البطاقة لفتح EMODnet ↗",
+  "Click the card to open the source ↗": "انقر على البطاقة لفتح المصدر ↗",
+  "Wikidata unavailable; showing EMODnet only": "ويكي بيانات غير متاحة؛ يُعرض EMODnet فقط",
+  "EMODnet unavailable; showing Wikidata only": "EMODnet غير متاح؛ تُعرض ويكي بيانات فقط",
+  "Shipwrecks unavailable": "بيانات حطام السفن غير متاحة",
+  "EMODnet (European waters) · Wikidata (worldwide)": "EMODnet (المياه الأوروبية) · ويكي بيانات (العالم)",
+  "{count} wrecks": {
+    "zero": "لا حطام ({count})",
+    "one": "حطام واحد ({count})",
+    "two": "حطامان ({count})",
+    "few": "{count} حطامات",
+    "many": "{count} حطامًا",
+    "other": "{count} حطام"
+  },
+  "1900–1945": "1900–1945",
+  "Shipwreck": "غرق سفينة",
+  "Fatalities: {count}": "الوفيات: {count}",
+  "Survivors: {count}": "الناجون: {count}",
+  "Click the card to open the article ↗": "انقر على البطاقة لفتح المقالة ↗",
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "يأتي حطام السفن التراثي الأوروبي من EMODnet Human Activities، ويأتي الحطام البارز في العالم من ويكي بيانات. يبيّن اللون متى غرقت السفينة، ويكبر حجم العلامة مع عدد الوفيات. انقر على علامة لعرض بطاقتها."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index bb683ed9f..cbcf280e2 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -3104,5 +3104,36 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "Der Anbieter hat den API-Schlüssel abgelehnt. Den Schlüssel in den Anbieter-Einstellungen prüfen.",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Zu viele Chat-Anfragen. In {seconds} s erneut versuchen.",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "Der Anbieter hat den Zugriff für diesen Schlüssel verweigert. Projekt, Region oder Berechtigungen des Schlüssels prüfen.",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "Das Anbieterkonto hat kein Guthaben mehr. Die Abrechnung prüfen oder in den Einstellungen einen anderen KI-Anbieter wählen."
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "Das Anbieterkonto hat kein Guthaben mehr. Die Abrechnung prüfen oder in den Einstellungen einen anderen KI-Anbieter wählen.",
+  "Shipwrecks": "Schiffswracks",
+  "Before 1900": "Vor 1900",
+  "After 1945": "Nach 1945",
+  "Date unknown": "Datum unbekannt",
+  "Position: centre of the protected area": "Position: Mitte des Schutzgebiets",
+  "Position approximate (within about {km} km)": "Position ungefähr (auf etwa {km} km genau)",
+  "Position surveyed (within about {m} m)": "Position vermessen (auf etwa {m} m genau)",
+  "Vessel: {value}": "Schiff: {value}",
+  "What happened: {value}": "Was geschah: {value}",
+  "Depth: {m} m ({quality})": "Tiefe: {m} m ({quality})",
+  "Depth: {m} m": "Tiefe: {m} m",
+  "Notes: {value}": "Hinweise: {value}",
+  "Cargo or finds: {value}": "Ladung oder Funde: {value}",
+  "Protected wreck": "Geschütztes Wrack",
+  "Source: {value}": "Quelle: {value}",
+  "Click the card to open EMODnet ↗": "Karte anklicken, um EMODnet zu öffnen ↗",
+  "Click the card to open the source ↗": "Karte anklicken, um die Quelle zu öffnen ↗",
+  "Wikidata unavailable; showing EMODnet only": "Wikidata nicht verfügbar; nur EMODnet wird angezeigt",
+  "EMODnet unavailable; showing Wikidata only": "EMODnet nicht verfügbar; nur Wikidata wird angezeigt",
+  "Shipwrecks unavailable": "Schiffswracks nicht verfügbar",
+  "EMODnet (European waters) · Wikidata (worldwide)": "EMODnet (europäische Gewässer) · Wikidata (weltweit)",
+  "{count} wrecks": {
+    "one": "{count} Wrack",
+    "other": "{count} Wracks"
+  },
+  "1900–1945": "1900–1945",
+  "Shipwreck": "Schiffbruch",
+  "Fatalities: {count}": "Todesopfer: {count}",
+  "Survivors: {count}": "Überlebende: {count}",
+  "Click the card to open the article ↗": "Karte anklicken, um den Artikel zu öffnen ↗",
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "Europäische Kulturerbe-Wracks stammen von EMODnet Human Activities, bekannte Wracks weltweit von Wikidata. Die Farbe zeigt, wann das Schiff sank; die Markierung wächst mit der Zahl der Todesopfer. Klicke auf eine Markierung für ihre Karte."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index 10dcbef8f..6df928b0a 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -3179,5 +3179,37 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "El proveedor rechazó la clave de API. Revísala en Ajustes de proveedores.",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Demasiadas solicitudes de chat. Vuelve a intentarlo en {seconds} s.",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "El proveedor denegó el acceso a esta clave. Revisa el proyecto, la región o los permisos de la clave.",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "La cuenta del proveedor no tiene crédito. Revisa la facturación o elige otro proveedor de IA en Ajustes."
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "La cuenta del proveedor no tiene crédito. Revisa la facturación o elige otro proveedor de IA en Ajustes.",
+  "Shipwrecks": "Naufragios",
+  "Before 1900": "Antes de 1900",
+  "After 1945": "Después de 1945",
+  "Date unknown": "Fecha desconocida",
+  "Position: centre of the protected area": "Posición: centro de la zona protegida",
+  "Position approximate (within about {km} km)": "Posición aproximada (margen de unos {km} km)",
+  "Position surveyed (within about {m} m)": "Posición levantada (margen de unos {m} m)",
+  "Vessel: {value}": "Embarcación: {value}",
+  "What happened: {value}": "Qué ocurrió: {value}",
+  "Depth: {m} m ({quality})": "Profundidad: {m} m ({quality})",
+  "Depth: {m} m": "Profundidad: {m} m",
+  "Notes: {value}": "Notas: {value}",
+  "Cargo or finds: {value}": "Carga o hallazgos: {value}",
+  "Protected wreck": "Pecio protegido",
+  "Source: {value}": "Fuente: {value}",
+  "Click the card to open EMODnet ↗": "Haz clic en la ficha para abrir EMODnet ↗",
+  "Click the card to open the source ↗": "Haz clic en la ficha para abrir la fuente ↗",
+  "Wikidata unavailable; showing EMODnet only": "Wikidata no disponible; solo se muestra EMODnet",
+  "EMODnet unavailable; showing Wikidata only": "EMODnet no disponible; solo se muestra Wikidata",
+  "Shipwrecks unavailable": "Naufragios no disponibles",
+  "EMODnet (European waters) · Wikidata (worldwide)": "EMODnet (aguas europeas) · Wikidata (todo el mundo)",
+  "{count} wrecks": {
+    "one": "{count} naufragio",
+    "many": "{count} de naufragios",
+    "other": "{count} naufragios"
+  },
+  "1900–1945": "1900–1945",
+  "Shipwreck": "Naufragio",
+  "Fatalities: {count}": "Fallecidos: {count}",
+  "Survivors: {count}": "Supervivientes: {count}",
+  "Click the card to open the article ↗": "Haz clic en la ficha para abrir el artículo ↗",
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "Los pecios históricos europeos proceden de EMODnet Human Activities; los naufragios notables de todo el mundo, de Wikidata. El color indica cuándo se hundió el barco; el marcador crece con el número de muertos. Haz clic en un marcador para ver su ficha."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index 108e56f36..b9b53c48d 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -3179,5 +3179,37 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "Le fournisseur a refusé la clé API. Vérifiez-la dans les paramètres des fournisseurs.",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Trop de requêtes de discussion. Réessayez dans {seconds} s.",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "Le fournisseur a refusé l'accès pour cette clé. Vérifiez le projet, la région ou les autorisations de la clé.",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "Le compte du fournisseur n'a plus de crédit. Vérifiez la facturation ou choisissez un autre fournisseur d'IA dans les paramètres."
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "Le compte du fournisseur n'a plus de crédit. Vérifiez la facturation ou choisissez un autre fournisseur d'IA dans les paramètres.",
+  "Shipwrecks": "Épaves",
+  "Before 1900": "Avant 1900",
+  "After 1945": "Après 1945",
+  "Date unknown": "Date inconnue",
+  "Position: centre of the protected area": "Position : centre de la zone protégée",
+  "Position approximate (within about {km} km)": "Position approximative (à environ {km} km près)",
+  "Position surveyed (within about {m} m)": "Position relevée (à environ {m} m près)",
+  "Vessel: {value}": "Navire : {value}",
+  "What happened: {value}": "Ce qui s'est passé : {value}",
+  "Depth: {m} m ({quality})": "Profondeur : {m} m ({quality})",
+  "Depth: {m} m": "Profondeur : {m} m",
+  "Notes: {value}": "Notes : {value}",
+  "Cargo or finds: {value}": "Cargaison ou découvertes : {value}",
+  "Protected wreck": "Épave protégée",
+  "Source: {value}": "Source : {value}",
+  "Click the card to open EMODnet ↗": "Cliquez sur la fiche pour ouvrir EMODnet ↗",
+  "Click the card to open the source ↗": "Cliquez sur la fiche pour ouvrir la source ↗",
+  "Wikidata unavailable; showing EMODnet only": "Wikidata indisponible ; seul EMODnet est affiché",
+  "EMODnet unavailable; showing Wikidata only": "EMODnet indisponible ; seul Wikidata est affiché",
+  "Shipwrecks unavailable": "Épaves indisponibles",
+  "EMODnet (European waters) · Wikidata (worldwide)": "EMODnet (eaux européennes) · Wikidata (monde)",
+  "{count} wrecks": {
+    "one": "{count} épave",
+    "many": "{count} d'épaves",
+    "other": "{count} épaves"
+  },
+  "1900–1945": "1900–1945",
+  "Shipwreck": "Naufrage",
+  "Fatalities: {count}": "Morts : {count}",
+  "Survivors: {count}": "Survivants : {count}",
+  "Click the card to open the article ↗": "Cliquez sur la fiche pour ouvrir l'article ↗",
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "Les épaves patrimoniales européennes viennent d'EMODnet Human Activities ; les épaves notables du monde entier viennent de Wikidata. La couleur indique quand le navire a coulé ; le repère grossit avec le nombre de morts. Cliquez sur un repère pour voir sa fiche."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index 6768f93c7..9310da82c 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -3179,5 +3179,37 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "Il provider ha rifiutato la chiave API. Controllala in Impostazioni provider.",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Troppe richieste di chat. Riprova tra {seconds} s.",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "Il provider ha negato l'accesso per questa chiave. Controlla progetto, regione o autorizzazioni della chiave.",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "L'account del provider ha esaurito il credito. Controlla la fatturazione o scegli un altro provider IA in Impostazioni."
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "L'account del provider ha esaurito il credito. Controlla la fatturazione o scegli un altro provider IA in Impostazioni.",
+  "Shipwrecks": "Relitti",
+  "Before 1900": "Prima del 1900",
+  "After 1945": "Dopo il 1945",
+  "Date unknown": "Data sconosciuta",
+  "Position: centre of the protected area": "Posizione: centro dell'area protetta",
+  "Position approximate (within about {km} km)": "Posizione approssimativa (entro circa {km} km)",
+  "Position surveyed (within about {m} m)": "Posizione rilevata (entro circa {m} m)",
+  "Vessel: {value}": "Imbarcazione: {value}",
+  "What happened: {value}": "Cosa è successo: {value}",
+  "Depth: {m} m ({quality})": "Profondità: {m} m ({quality})",
+  "Depth: {m} m": "Profondità: {m} m",
+  "Notes: {value}": "Note: {value}",
+  "Cargo or finds: {value}": "Carico o reperti: {value}",
+  "Protected wreck": "Relitto protetto",
+  "Source: {value}": "Fonte: {value}",
+  "Click the card to open EMODnet ↗": "Fai clic sulla scheda per aprire EMODnet ↗",
+  "Click the card to open the source ↗": "Fai clic sulla scheda per aprire la fonte ↗",
+  "Wikidata unavailable; showing EMODnet only": "Wikidata non disponibile; solo EMODnet",
+  "EMODnet unavailable; showing Wikidata only": "EMODnet non disponibile; solo Wikidata",
+  "Shipwrecks unavailable": "Relitti non disponibili",
+  "EMODnet (European waters) · Wikidata (worldwide)": "EMODnet (acque europee) · Wikidata (mondo)",
+  "{count} wrecks": {
+    "one": "{count} relitto",
+    "many": "{count} di relitti",
+    "other": "{count} relitti"
+  },
+  "1900–1945": "1900–1945",
+  "Shipwreck": "Naufragio",
+  "Fatalities: {count}": "Vittime: {count}",
+  "Survivors: {count}": "Sopravvissuti: {count}",
+  "Click the card to open the article ↗": "Fai clic sulla scheda per aprire l'articolo ↗",
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "I relitti storici europei provengono da EMODnet Human Activities; i relitti noti di tutto il mondo da Wikidata. Il colore indica quando la nave è affondata; l'indicatore cresce con il numero di vittime. Fai clic su un indicatore per la sua scheda."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index b4566b4cb..4a1edfb44 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -3029,5 +3029,35 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "プロバイダーがAPIキーを拒否しました。プロバイダー設定で確認してください。",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "チャットのリクエストが多すぎます。{seconds}秒後にもう一度お試しください。",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "プロバイダーがこのキーでのアクセスを拒否しました。キーのプロジェクト、リージョン、権限を確認してください。",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "プロバイダーアカウントのクレジットが不足しています。課金状況を確認するか、設定で別のAIプロバイダーを選んでください。"
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "プロバイダーアカウントのクレジットが不足しています。課金状況を確認するか、設定で別のAIプロバイダーを選んでください。",
+  "Shipwrecks": "難破船",
+  "Before 1900": "1900年以前",
+  "After 1945": "1945年以降",
+  "Date unknown": "日付不明",
+  "Position: centre of the protected area": "位置: 保護区域の中心",
+  "Position approximate (within about {km} km)": "おおよその位置（誤差約{km} km）",
+  "Position surveyed (within about {m} m)": "測量された位置（誤差約{m} m）",
+  "Vessel: {value}": "船種: {value}",
+  "What happened: {value}": "経緯: {value}",
+  "Depth: {m} m ({quality})": "水深: {m} m（{quality}）",
+  "Depth: {m} m": "水深: {m} m",
+  "Notes: {value}": "備考: {value}",
+  "Cargo or finds: {value}": "積荷・遺物: {value}",
+  "Protected wreck": "保護対象の難破船",
+  "Source: {value}": "出典: {value}",
+  "Click the card to open EMODnet ↗": "カードをクリックしてEMODnetを開く ↗",
+  "Click the card to open the source ↗": "カードをクリックして出典を開く ↗",
+  "Wikidata unavailable; showing EMODnet only": "Wikidataを利用できません。EMODnetのみ表示しています",
+  "EMODnet unavailable; showing Wikidata only": "EMODnetを利用できません。Wikidataのみ表示しています",
+  "Shipwrecks unavailable": "難破船データを利用できません",
+  "EMODnet (European waters) · Wikidata (worldwide)": "EMODnet（欧州海域）· Wikidata（世界）",
+  "{count} wrecks": {
+    "other": "難破船 {count}件"
+  },
+  "1900–1945": "1900–1945",
+  "Shipwreck": "難破",
+  "Fatalities: {count}": "死者: {count}",
+  "Survivors: {count}": "生存者: {count}",
+  "Click the card to open the article ↗": "カードをクリックして記事を開く ↗",
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "欧州の歴史的な難破船はEMODnet Human Activities、世界の著名な難破船はWikidataによります。色は沈没した時期を示し、マーカーは死者数に応じて大きくなります。マーカーをクリックするとカードが開きます。"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index 3f37cde2e..1c9b46418 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -3179,5 +3179,37 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "O provedor recusou a chave de API. Verifique-a em \"Configurações de provedores\".",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Chat: limite de requisições atingido. Tente novamente em {seconds} s.",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "O provedor negou o acesso para esta chave. Verifique o projeto, a região ou as permissões da chave.",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "A conta do provedor está sem crédito. Verifique o faturamento ou escolha outro provedor de IA em \"Configurações\"."
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "A conta do provedor está sem crédito. Verifique o faturamento ou escolha outro provedor de IA em \"Configurações\".",
+  "Shipwrecks": "Naufrágios",
+  "Before 1900": "Antes de 1900",
+  "After 1945": "Depois de 1945",
+  "Date unknown": "Data desconhecida",
+  "Position: centre of the protected area": "Posição: centro da área protegida",
+  "Position approximate (within about {km} km)": "Posição aproximada (margem de cerca de {km} km)",
+  "Position surveyed (within about {m} m)": "Posição levantada (margem de cerca de {m} m)",
+  "Vessel: {value}": "Embarcação: {value}",
+  "What happened: {value}": "O que aconteceu: {value}",
+  "Depth: {m} m ({quality})": "Profundidade: {m} m ({quality})",
+  "Depth: {m} m": "Profundidade: {m} m",
+  "Notes: {value}": "Notas: {value}",
+  "Cargo or finds: {value}": "Carga ou achados: {value}",
+  "Protected wreck": "Naufrágio protegido",
+  "Source: {value}": "Fonte: {value}",
+  "Click the card to open EMODnet ↗": "Clique na ficha para abrir o EMODnet ↗",
+  "Click the card to open the source ↗": "Clique na ficha para abrir a fonte ↗",
+  "Wikidata unavailable; showing EMODnet only": "Wikidata indisponível; mostrando só o EMODnet",
+  "EMODnet unavailable; showing Wikidata only": "EMODnet indisponível; mostrando só o Wikidata",
+  "Shipwrecks unavailable": "Naufrágios indisponíveis",
+  "EMODnet (European waters) · Wikidata (worldwide)": "EMODnet (águas europeias) · Wikidata (mundo)",
+  "{count} wrecks": {
+    "one": "{count} naufrágio",
+    "many": "{count} de naufrágios",
+    "other": "{count} naufrágios"
+  },
+  "1900–1945": "1900–1945",
+  "Shipwreck": "Naufrágio",
+  "Fatalities: {count}": "Mortos: {count}",
+  "Survivors: {count}": "Sobreviventes: {count}",
+  "Click the card to open the article ↗": "Clique na ficha para abrir o artigo ↗",
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "Os naufrágios históricos europeus vêm do EMODnet Human Activities; os naufrágios notáveis do mundo vêm do Wikidata. A cor mostra quando o navio afundou; o marcador cresce com o número de mortos. Clique num marcador para ver a ficha."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index e279508ef..1d4dbce42 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -3254,5 +3254,38 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "Провайдер отклонил ключ API. Проверьте его в «Настройках провайдеров».",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Слишком много запросов в чате. Повторите попытку через {seconds} с.",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "Провайдер отказал этому ключу в доступе. Проверьте проект, регион или разрешения ключа.",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "На вашем счёте у провайдера закончились средства. Проверьте оплату или выберите другого провайдера ИИ в настройках."
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "На вашем счёте у провайдера закончились средства. Проверьте оплату или выберите другого провайдера ИИ в настройках.",
+  "Shipwrecks": "Кораблекрушения",
+  "Before 1900": "До 1900",
+  "After 1945": "После 1945",
+  "Date unknown": "Дата неизвестна",
+  "Position: centre of the protected area": "Положение: центр охраняемой зоны",
+  "Position approximate (within about {km} km)": "Положение приблизительное (точность около {km} км)",
+  "Position surveyed (within about {m} m)": "Положение измерено (точность около {m} м)",
+  "Vessel: {value}": "Судно: {value}",
+  "What happened: {value}": "Что произошло: {value}",
+  "Depth: {m} m ({quality})": "Глубина: {m} м ({quality})",
+  "Depth: {m} m": "Глубина: {m} м",
+  "Notes: {value}": "Примечания: {value}",
+  "Cargo or finds: {value}": "Груз или находки: {value}",
+  "Protected wreck": "Охраняемый объект",
+  "Source: {value}": "Источник: {value}",
+  "Click the card to open EMODnet ↗": "Нажмите на карточку, чтобы открыть EMODnet ↗",
+  "Click the card to open the source ↗": "Нажмите на карточку, чтобы открыть источник ↗",
+  "Wikidata unavailable; showing EMODnet only": "Wikidata недоступна; показан только EMODnet",
+  "EMODnet unavailable; showing Wikidata only": "EMODnet недоступен; показана только Wikidata",
+  "Shipwrecks unavailable": "Данные о кораблекрушениях недоступны",
+  "EMODnet (European waters) · Wikidata (worldwide)": "EMODnet (воды Европы) · Wikidata (весь мир)",
+  "{count} wrecks": {
+    "one": "{count} затонувшее судно",
+    "few": "{count} затонувших судна",
+    "many": "{count} затонувших судов",
+    "other": "{count} затонувшего судна"
+  },
+  "1900–1945": "1900–1945",
+  "Shipwreck": "Кораблекрушение",
+  "Fatalities: {count}": "Погибших: {count}",
+  "Survivors: {count}": "Выживших: {count}",
+  "Click the card to open the article ↗": "Нажмите на карточку, чтобы открыть статью ↗",
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "Исторические затонувшие суда Европы — из EMODnet Human Activities, известные кораблекрушения по всему миру — из Wikidata. Цвет показывает, когда судно затонуло; маркер растёт с числом погибших. Нажмите на маркер, чтобы открыть карточку."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index 8c3b634b9..d8b9296f0 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -3254,5 +3254,38 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "Постачальник відхилив ключ API. Перевірте його в «Налаштуваннях постачальників».",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Забагато запитів до чату. Спробуйте ще раз через {seconds} с.",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "Постачальник відмовив цьому ключу в доступі. Перевірте проєкт, регіон або дозволи ключа.",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "На вашому рахунку в постачальника закінчилися кошти. Перевірте оплату або виберіть іншого постачальника ШІ в налаштуваннях."
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "На вашому рахунку в постачальника закінчилися кошти. Перевірте оплату або виберіть іншого постачальника ШІ в налаштуваннях.",
+  "Shipwrecks": "Корабельні аварії",
+  "Before 1900": "До 1900",
+  "After 1945": "Після 1945",
+  "Date unknown": "Дата невідома",
+  "Position: centre of the protected area": "Положення: центр охоронної зони",
+  "Position approximate (within about {km} km)": "Положення приблизне (точність близько {km} км)",
+  "Position surveyed (within about {m} m)": "Положення виміряно (точність близько {m} м)",
+  "Vessel: {value}": "Судно: {value}",
+  "What happened: {value}": "Що сталося: {value}",
+  "Depth: {m} m ({quality})": "Глибина: {m} м ({quality})",
+  "Depth: {m} m": "Глибина: {m} м",
+  "Notes: {value}": "Примітки: {value}",
+  "Cargo or finds: {value}": "Вантаж або знахідки: {value}",
+  "Protected wreck": "Охоронюваний об'єкт",
+  "Source: {value}": "Джерело: {value}",
+  "Click the card to open EMODnet ↗": "Натисніть картку, щоб відкрити EMODnet ↗",
+  "Click the card to open the source ↗": "Натисніть картку, щоб відкрити джерело ↗",
+  "Wikidata unavailable; showing EMODnet only": "Wikidata недоступна; показано лише EMODnet",
+  "EMODnet unavailable; showing Wikidata only": "EMODnet недоступний; показано лише Wikidata",
+  "Shipwrecks unavailable": "Дані про корабельні аварії недоступні",
+  "EMODnet (European waters) · Wikidata (worldwide)": "EMODnet (води Європи) · Wikidata (увесь світ)",
+  "{count} wrecks": {
+    "one": "{count} затонуле судно",
+    "few": "{count} затонулі судна",
+    "many": "{count} затонулих суден",
+    "other": "{count} затонулого судна"
+  },
+  "1900–1945": "1900–1945",
+  "Shipwreck": "Корабельна аварія",
+  "Fatalities: {count}": "Загиблих: {count}",
+  "Survivors: {count}": "Тих, хто вижив: {count}",
+  "Click the card to open the article ↗": "Натисніть картку, щоб відкрити статтю ↗",
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "Історичні затонулі судна Європи — з EMODnet Human Activities, відомі корабельні аварії світу — з Wikidata. Колір показує, коли судно затонуло; маркер збільшується з кількістю загиблих. Натисніть маркер, щоб відкрити картку."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index 6125315f2..90684d7d5 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -3029,5 +3029,35 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "服务商拒绝了 API 密钥。请在服务商设置中检查。",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "聊天请求过多。请在 {seconds} 秒后重试。",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "服务商拒绝了此密钥的访问请求。请检查该密钥所属的项目、区域或权限。",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "服务商账户余额不足。请检查账户的计费信息，或在设置中选择其他 AI 服务商。"
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "服务商账户余额不足。请检查账户的计费信息，或在设置中选择其他 AI 服务商。",
+  "Shipwrecks": "沉船",
+  "Before 1900": "1900年以前",
+  "After 1945": "1945年以后",
+  "Date unknown": "日期不详",
+  "Position: centre of the protected area": "位置：保护区中心",
+  "Position approximate (within about {km} km)": "大致位置（误差约 {km} 公里）",
+  "Position surveyed (within about {m} m)": "实测位置（误差约 {m} 米）",
+  "Vessel: {value}": "船只：{value}",
+  "What happened: {value}": "经过：{value}",
+  "Depth: {m} m ({quality})": "深度：{m} 米（{quality}）",
+  "Depth: {m} m": "深度：{m} 米",
+  "Notes: {value}": "备注：{value}",
+  "Cargo or finds: {value}": "货物或出水文物：{value}",
+  "Protected wreck": "受保护沉船",
+  "Source: {value}": "来源：{value}",
+  "Click the card to open EMODnet ↗": "点击卡片打开 EMODnet ↗",
+  "Click the card to open the source ↗": "点击卡片打开来源 ↗",
+  "Wikidata unavailable; showing EMODnet only": "Wikidata 不可用；仅显示 EMODnet",
+  "EMODnet unavailable; showing Wikidata only": "EMODnet 不可用；仅显示 Wikidata",
+  "Shipwrecks unavailable": "沉船数据不可用",
+  "EMODnet (European waters) · Wikidata (worldwide)": "EMODnet（欧洲海域）· Wikidata（全球）",
+  "{count} wrecks": {
+    "other": "{count} 艘沉船"
+  },
+  "1900–1945": "1900–1945",
+  "Shipwreck": "沉船",
+  "Fatalities: {count}": "遇难：{count}",
+  "Survivors: {count}": "幸存者：{count}",
+  "Click the card to open the article ↗": "点击卡片打开文章 ↗",
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "欧洲历史沉船来自 EMODnet Human Activities；全球知名沉船来自 Wikidata。颜色表示船只沉没的时期，标记大小随遇难人数增加。点击标记查看卡片。"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index 66eb37b96..b1cbd78b3 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -3029,5 +3029,35 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "服務商拒絕了 API 密鑰。請在服務商設置中檢查。",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "聊天請求過多。請在 {seconds} 秒後重試。",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "服務商拒絕了此密鑰的訪問請求。請檢查該密鑰所屬的項目、區域或權限。",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "服務商賬戶餘額不足。請檢查賬戶的計費信息，或在設置中選擇其他 AI 服務商。"
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "服務商賬戶餘額不足。請檢查賬戶的計費信息，或在設置中選擇其他 AI 服務商。",
+  "Shipwrecks": "沉船",
+  "Before 1900": "1900年以前",
+  "After 1945": "1945年以後",
+  "Date unknown": "日期不詳",
+  "Position: centre of the protected area": "位置：保護區中心",
+  "Position approximate (within about {km} km)": "大致位置（誤差約 {km} 公里）",
+  "Position surveyed (within about {m} m)": "實測位置（誤差約 {m} 公尺）",
+  "Vessel: {value}": "船隻：{value}",
+  "What happened: {value}": "經過：{value}",
+  "Depth: {m} m ({quality})": "深度：{m} 公尺（{quality}）",
+  "Depth: {m} m": "深度：{m} 公尺",
+  "Notes: {value}": "備註：{value}",
+  "Cargo or finds: {value}": "貨物或出水文物：{value}",
+  "Protected wreck": "受保護沉船",
+  "Source: {value}": "來源：{value}",
+  "Click the card to open EMODnet ↗": "點擊卡片開啟 EMODnet ↗",
+  "Click the card to open the source ↗": "點擊卡片開啟來源 ↗",
+  "Wikidata unavailable; showing EMODnet only": "Wikidata 無法使用；僅顯示 EMODnet",
+  "EMODnet unavailable; showing Wikidata only": "EMODnet 無法使用；僅顯示 Wikidata",
+  "Shipwrecks unavailable": "沉船資料無法使用",
+  "EMODnet (European waters) · Wikidata (worldwide)": "EMODnet（歐洲海域）· Wikidata（全球）",
+  "{count} wrecks": {
+    "other": "{count} 艘沉船"
+  },
+  "1900–1945": "1900–1945",
+  "Shipwreck": "沉船",
+  "Fatalities: {count}": "罹難：{count}",
+  "Survivors: {count}": "倖存者：{count}",
+  "Click the card to open the article ↗": "點擊卡片開啟文章 ↗",
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "歐洲歷史沉船來自 EMODnet Human Activities；全球知名沉船來自 Wikidata。顏色表示船隻沉沒的時期，標記大小隨罹難人數增加。點擊標記查看卡片。"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
index 7edaad647..3fd8eea8f 100644
--- a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
+++ b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
   "ar": [
     "1090 MHz",
+    "1900–1945",
     "978 MHz UAT",
     "AIS: --",
     "AIS: {name}",
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@
   ],
   "de": [
     "1090 MHz",
+    "1900–1945",
     "978 MHz UAT",
     "AIS: --",
     "AIS: {name}",
@@ -206,6 +208,7 @@
   ],
   "es": [
     "1090 MHz",
+    "1900–1945",
     "978 MHz UAT",
     "AIS: --",
     "AIS: {name}",
@@ -338,6 +341,7 @@
   ],
   "fr": [
     "1090 MHz",
+    "1900–1945",
     "978 MHz UAT",
     "ALTITUDE",
     "ALTITUDE · FT",
@@ -523,6 +527,7 @@
   ],
   "it": [
     "1090 MHz",
+    "1900–1945",
     "978 MHz UAT",
     "AFRICA",
     "AIS: --",
@@ -698,6 +703,7 @@
   ],
   "ja": [
     "1090 MHz",
+    "1900–1945",
     "978 MHz UAT",
     "AIS: --",
     "AIS: {name}",
@@ -748,6 +754,7 @@
   ],
   "pt": [
     "1090 MHz",
+    "1900–1945",
     "978 MHz UAT",
     "AIS: --",
     "AIS: {name}",
@@ -880,6 +887,7 @@
     "≥ {value} MW"
   ],
   "ru": [
+    "1900–1945",
     "AIS: --",
     "AIS: {name}",
     "CCTV",
@@ -898,6 +906,7 @@
     "WHOT/BHOT"
   ],
   "uk": [
+    "1900–1945",
     "AIS: --",
     "AIS: {name}",
     "CCTV",
@@ -912,6 +921,7 @@
   ],
   "zh-CN": [
     "1090 MHz",
+    "1900–1945",
     "978 MHz UAT",
     "AIS: --",
     "AIS: {name}",
@@ -970,6 +980,7 @@
   ],
   "zh-Hant": [
     "1090 MHz",
+    "1900–1945",
     "978 MHz UAT",
     "AIS: --",
     "AIS: {name}",
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..251530b96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+import { formatDate, formatNumber, msg, t } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+import { EMODNET_PAGE_URL } from './records.js';
+
+export const ERA_LABELS = Object.freeze({
+  'before-1900': msg('Before 1900'),
+  '1900-1945': msg('1900–1945'),
+  'after-1945': msg('After 1945'),
+  undated: msg('Date unknown'),
+});
+
+export const ERA_COLORS = Object.freeze({
+  'before-1900': '#c79a5b',
+  '1900-1945': '#ff6b5e',
+  'after-1945': '#4fc3f7',
+  undated: '#9aa7b4',
+});
+
+function formatDay(date) {
+  const match = /^(-?\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})$/.exec(date || '');
+  if (!match) return '';
+  return formatDate(
+    Date.UTC(Number(match[1]), Number(match[2]) - 1, Number(match[3])),
+    { day: 'numeric', month: 'short', year: 'numeric', timeZone: 'UTC' },
+  );
+}
+
+function meters(value) {
+  return formatNumber(value, {
+    maximumFractionDigits: value < 10 ? 1 : 0,
+  });
+}
+
+/** How well the position is known, as one card line (or null). */
+export function positionLine(record) {
+  if (record.positionNote) return t('Position: centre of the protected area');
+  const accuracy = record.positionAccuracy;
+  if (!Number.isFinite(accuracy)) return null;
+  // 1852 m is EMODnet's "within a nautical mile" for old, reported positions.
+  if (accuracy >= 1000)
+    return t('Position approximate (within about {km} km)', {
+      km: formatNumber(accuracy / 1000, { maximumFractionDigits: 1 }),
+    });
+  return t('Position surveyed (within about {m} m)', { m: meters(accuracy) });
+}
+
+/**
+ * The link a click on the card opens: the Wikipedia (or Wikidata) page, the
+ * wreck's own page when EMODnet lists one, else EMODnet's portal.
+ * @param {object} record
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+export function cardLink(record) {
+  return record?.url || EMODNET_PAGE_URL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Title and detail lines for one wreck card, laid out like the air-accident
+ * card: deaths first, then when and where, then the ship facts. Only facts
+ * about the ship: the records carry no names of people, and victims appear as
+ * a count only.
+ * @param {object} record A normalized shipwreck record.
+ * @returns {{title: string, details: string[], link: string}}
+ */
+export function describeShipwreck(record) {
+  const titleParts = [t('Shipwreck')];
+  if (record.name) titleParts.push(record.name);
+  const details = [];
+  // Deaths first, right under the title: the fact readers look for.
+  const toll = [];
+  if (Number.isFinite(record.casualties))
+    toll.push(
+      t('Fatalities: {count}', { count: formatNumber(record.casualties) }),
+    );
+  if (record.survivors)
+    toll.push(
+      t('Survivors: {count}', { count: formatNumber(record.survivors) }),
+    );
+  if (toll.length) details.push(toll.join(' · '));
+  const when =
+    formatDay(record.date) ||
+    (Number.isInteger(record.year) ? String(record.year) : '') ||
+    record.dating ||
+    '';
+  const where = [when, record.country].filter(Boolean);
+  if (where.length) details.push(where.join(' · '));
+  if (record.vesselType)
+    details.push(t('Vessel: {value}', { value: record.vesselType }));
+  if (record.cause)
+    details.push(t('What happened: {value}', { value: record.cause }));
+  if (Number.isFinite(record.depth))
+    details.push(
+      record.depthQuality
+        ? t('Depth: {m} m ({quality})', {
+            m: meters(record.depth),
+            quality: record.depthQuality,
+          })
+        : t('Depth: {m} m', { m: meters(record.depth) }),
+    );
+  const position = positionLine(record);
+  if (position) details.push(position);
+  if (record.notes) details.push(t('Notes: {value}', { value: record.notes }));
+  if (record.cargo)
+    details.push(t('Cargo or finds: {value}', { value: record.cargo }));
+  if (record.protected) details.push(t('Protected wreck'));
+  const sources =
+    record.source === 'wikidata'
+      ? record.alsoIn === 'emodnet'
+        ? 'Wikidata · EMODnet'
+        : 'Wikidata'
+      : record.originator
+        ? `EMODnet (${record.originator})`
+        : 'EMODnet';
+  details.push(t('Source: {value}', { value: sources }));
+  const link = cardLink(record);
+  details.push(
+    link === EMODNET_PAGE_URL
+      ? t('Click the card to open EMODnet ↗')
+      : link.includes('.wikipedia.org/')
+        ? t('Click the card to open the article ↗')
+        : t('Click the card to open the source ↗'),
+  );
+  return { title: titleParts.join(' · '), details, link };
+}
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.test.mjs b/src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b7c84c62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { describeShipwreck, positionLine } from './cards.js';
+import { EMODNET_PAGE_URL } from './records.js';
+
+test('a Wikidata card shows the ship facts and links its article', () => {
+  const card = describeShipwreck({
+    source: 'wikidata',
+    alsoIn: 'emodnet',
+    name: 'HMS Havant',
+    vesselType: 'destroyer',
+    date: '1940-06-01',
+    year: 1940,
+    cause: 'Was sunk on 06/01/1940 by the German air force',
+    casualties: 8,
+    survivors: 120,
+    depth: 14.72,
+    depthQuality: 'Least depth known',
+    positionAccuracy: 3.1,
+    notes: '1939 G and H-class destroyer',
+    country: 'France',
+    url: 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Havant_(H32)',
+  });
+  assert.equal(card.title, 'Shipwreck · HMS Havant');
+  assert.equal(card.link, 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Havant_(H32)');
+  const text = card.details.join('\n');
+  assert.equal(card.details[0], 'Fatalities: 8 · Survivors: 120');
+  assert.match(card.details[1], /1940 · France$/);
+  assert.match(text, /Vessel: destroyer/);
+  assert.match(text, /What happened: Was sunk/);
+  assert.match(text, /Depth: 15 m \(Least depth known\)/);
+  assert.match(text, /Position surveyed \(within about 3\.1 m\)/);
+  assert.match(text, /Source: Wikidata · EMODnet/);
+  assert.match(text, /open the article/);
+});
+
+test('an EMODnet card without a page links the portal', () => {
+  const card = describeShipwreck({
+    source: 'emodnet',
+    name: null,
+    year: null,
+    dating: 'C1st AD',
+    originator: 'The Oxford Roman Economy Project',
+    protected: true,
+    url: null,
+  });
+  assert.equal(card.title, 'Shipwreck');
+  assert.equal(card.link, EMODNET_PAGE_URL);
+  const text = card.details.join('\n');
+  assert.equal(card.details[0], 'C1st AD');
+  assert.match(text, /Protected wreck/);
+  assert.match(text, /EMODnet \(The Oxford Roman Economy Project\)/);
+  assert.match(text, /open EMODnet/);
+});
+
+test('position lines read the accuracy', () => {
+  assert.equal(positionLine({}), null);
+  assert.match(positionLine({ positionAccuracy: 1852 }), /about 1\.9 km/);
+  assert.match(
+    positionLine({ positionNote: 'x' }),
+    /centre of the protected area/,
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e9c2a1ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/** Era chips, oldest first; a wreck with no known year sits in its own chip. */
+export const SHIPWRECK_ERAS = Object.freeze([
+  'before-1900',
+  '1900-1945',
+  'after-1945',
+  'undated',
+]);
+
+/**
+ * The era a wreck belongs to. Ancient wrecks dated only by period
+ * ("Roman Imperial", "C1st AD") count as before 1900.
+ * @param {{year?: number|null, ancient?: boolean}} record
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+export function eraOf(record) {
+  const year = Number.isInteger(record?.year) ? record.year : null;
+  if (year === null) return record?.ancient ? 'before-1900' : 'undated';
+  if (year < 1900) return 'before-1900';
+  if (year <= 1945) return '1900-1945';
+  return 'after-1945';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Normalize a requested set of eras; unknown names are ignored and an empty
+ * or missing request keeps the current set.
+ * @param {unknown} value Array of era ids.
+ * @param {Set<string>} current
+ * @returns {Set<string>}
+ */
+export function normalizeEras(value, current) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return new Set(current);
+  return new Set(value.filter((era) => SHIPWRECK_ERAS.includes(era)));
+}
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.test.mjs b/src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3891d60e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { SHIPWRECK_ERAS, eraOf, normalizeEras } from './eras.js';
+
+test('each wreck falls in one era', () => {
+  assert.equal(eraOf({ year: 1588 }), 'before-1900');
+  assert.equal(eraOf({ year: null, ancient: true }), 'before-1900');
+  assert.equal(eraOf({ year: 1900 }), '1900-1945');
+  assert.equal(eraOf({ year: 1945 }), '1900-1945');
+  assert.equal(eraOf({ year: 1946 }), 'after-1945');
+  assert.equal(eraOf({ year: null }), 'undated');
+  assert.equal(eraOf(null), 'undated');
+});
+
+test('era requests keep known eras only', () => {
+  const all = new Set(SHIPWRECK_ERAS);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [...normalizeEras(['after-1945', 'bogus'], all)],
+    ['after-1945'],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual([...normalizeEras('after-1945', all)], SHIPWRECK_ERAS);
+  assert.deepEqual([...normalizeEras([], all)], []);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..05c2c64a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,424 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { formatNumber, msg, t, tn } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+import { createHorizonCull } from '../streetLevel/view.js';
+import { ERA_COLORS, ERA_LABELS, describeShipwreck } from './cards.js';
+import { SHIPWRECK_ERAS, eraOf, normalizeEras } from './eras.js';
+export * from './records.js';
+export * from './cards.js';
+export * from './eras.js';
+export { createShipwrecksSource } from './source.js';
+
+export const SHIPWRECKS_LAYER_ID = 'shipwrecks';
+export const SHIPWRECKS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID = 'shipwrecks';
+const PICK_PREFIX = 'shipwreck:';
+const CARD_HOST_OPTIONS = Object.freeze({
+  cohortLimit: 1,
+  collisionCapacity: 1,
+  moving: false,
+});
+const MAX_CARD_LINES = 14;
+/**
+ * Marker size in pixels: grows with the death toll, as on the air-accidents
+ * layer, from 16 px (no deaths known) to 36 px (about a thousand or more).
+ */
+export function markerPixelSize(casualties) {
+  const n = Number.isFinite(casualties) && casualties > 0 ? casualties : 0;
+  return Math.round(16 + Math.min(20, Math.log2(1 + n) * 2));
+}
+
+/**
+ * A round marker in the era's colour with a sinking hull and mast in the
+ * middle, as an SVG data URL.
+ * @param {string} color CSS colour.
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+export function wreckMarkerImage(color) {
+  const svg =
+    `<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="36" height="36" viewBox="0 0 36 36">` +
+    `<circle cx="18" cy="18" r="16" fill="${color}" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="2"/>` +
+    `<path d="M8 21h20l-3.5 5h-13z" fill="#0b1420"/>` +
+    `<path d="M17 8v12M17 9l6 7h-6" fill="none" stroke="#0b1420" stroke-width="2.2" stroke-linejoin="round"/>` +
+    `</svg>`;
+  return `data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,${encodeURIComponent(svg)}`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Shipwrecks: EMODnet's European heritage wrecks and Wikidata's notable
+ * wrecks worldwide, one marker each, with a card and era chips.
+ */
+export function createShipwrecksLayer({
+  source,
+  overlayHost = null,
+  screenSpaceEventHandlerFactory = null,
+  picking = null,
+  pointer = null,
+  openExternal = null,
+} = {}) {
+  if (typeof source?.getSnapshot !== 'function')
+    throw new TypeError('Shipwrecks require a snapshot source');
+  let _viewer = null;
+  let _enabled = false;
+  let _dataSource = null;
+  let _request = null;
+  let _records = new Map();
+  let _pins = [];
+  let _snapshot = null;
+  let _lastError = null;
+  let _clickHandler = null;
+  let _rowListener = null;
+  let _selectedId = null;
+  let _selectedCardId = null;
+  let _selectedLink = null;
+  let _eras = new Set(SHIPWRECK_ERAS);
+  const _images = Object.fromEntries(
+    SHIPWRECK_ERAS.map((era) => [era, wreckMarkerImage(ERA_COLORS[era])]),
+  );
+
+  const render = () => _viewer?.scene?.requestRender?.();
+  const notifyRow = () => _rowListener?.();
+  const canSelect = () =>
+    overlayHost && screenSpaceEventHandlerFactory && picking;
+  // Markers skip the depth test so terrain does not swallow them; the
+  // horizon cull hides the far side of the planet instead.
+  const _horizon = createHorizonCull({
+    getViewer: () => _viewer,
+    items: () => _pins,
+    onChange: render,
+  });
+
+  /** Shown: its era chip is on. */
+  function visible(record) {
+    return Boolean(record) && _eras.has(eraOf(record));
+  }
+
+  function applyPin(pin) {
+    pin.entity.show = pin.inFront && visible(pin.record);
+  }
+
+  /** Re-apply the era chips to every marker and the open card. */
+  function applyFilter() {
+    for (const pin of _pins) applyPin(pin);
+    if (_selectedId && !visible(_records.get(_selectedId))) clearSelection();
+    notifyRow();
+    render();
+  }
+
+  function rebuild(records) {
+    _records = new Map(records.map((record) => [record.id, record]));
+    _pins = [];
+    if (!_dataSource) return;
+    _dataSource.entities.suspendEvents();
+    _dataSource.entities.removeAll();
+    for (const record of records) {
+      const position = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(record.lon, record.lat);
+      const entity = _dataSource.entities.add({
+        id: `${PICK_PREFIX}${record.id}`,
+        position,
+        billboard: {
+          image: _images[eraOf(record)],
+          width: markerPixelSize(record.casualties),
+          height: markerPixelSize(record.casualties),
+          heightReference: Cesium.HeightReference.CLAMP_TO_GROUND,
+          disableDepthTestDistance: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+          // Bigger toll, drawn on top of smaller neighbours.
+          eyeOffset: new Cesium.Cartesian3(
+            0,
+            0,
+            -Math.min(record.casualties || 0, 5000),
+          ),
+        },
+      });
+      const pin = {
+        entity,
+        record,
+        position,
+        inFront: true,
+        get show() {
+          return this.inFront;
+        },
+        set show(value) {
+          this.inFront = value;
+          applyPin(this);
+        },
+      };
+      applyPin(pin);
+      _pins.push(pin);
+    }
+    _dataSource.entities.resumeEvents();
+    _horizon.update();
+    if (_selectedId && !_records.has(_selectedId)) clearSelection();
+    else if (_selectedId) publishCard();
+    render();
+  }
+
+  // ---- selection card ----------------------------------------------------
+  function publishCard() {
+    if (!canSelect()) return;
+    const record = _selectedId ? _records.get(_selectedId) : null;
+    if (!visible(record)) {
+      clearSelection();
+      return;
+    }
+    const { title, details, link } = describeShipwreck(record);
+    _selectedLink = link && openExternal ? link : null;
+    const card = {
+      id: `shipwreck-card:${record.id}`,
+      selected: true,
+      interactive: Boolean(_selectedLink),
+      title,
+      details: details.slice(0, MAX_CARD_LINES),
+      accent: ERA_COLORS[eraOf(record)],
+      priority: Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER,
+      gapPx: 15,
+      verticalOnly: true,
+      placement: 'above',
+      stateless: true,
+      horizonCull: true,
+      position: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(record.lon, record.lat),
+    };
+    if (card.interactive) {
+      const target = _selectedLink;
+      card.accessibilityLabel = t('Open the source for {title}', { title });
+      card.activate = () => {
+        openExternal(target);
+        return true;
+      };
+    }
+    _selectedCardId = card.id;
+    overlayHost.setEntries(
+      SHIPWRECKS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+      [card],
+      CARD_HOST_OPTIONS,
+    );
+    overlayHost.setVisible?.(SHIPWRECKS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID, true);
+  }
+
+  function clearSelection() {
+    _selectedId = null;
+    _selectedCardId = null;
+    _selectedLink = null;
+    overlayHost?.setEntries(
+      SHIPWRECKS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+      [],
+      CARD_HOST_OPTIONS,
+    );
+  }
+
+  function pickedRecordId(picked) {
+    const pickId = picking.resolvePickId(picked);
+    if (typeof pickId !== 'string' || !pickId.startsWith(PICK_PREFIX))
+      return null;
+    const id = pickId.slice(PICK_PREFIX.length);
+    return _records.has(id) ? id : null;
+  }
+
+  function installClickHandler() {
+    if (!canSelect() || _clickHandler || !_viewer) return;
+    picking.registerPickOwner?.(
+      SHIPWRECKS_LAYER_ID,
+      (pickedId) =>
+        typeof pickedId === 'string' && pickedId.startsWith(PICK_PREFIX),
+    );
+    _clickHandler = screenSpaceEventHandlerFactory(_viewer);
+    _clickHandler.setInputAction((click) => {
+      if (pointer && !pointer.isPointerFree()) return;
+      const cardHit = overlayHost.hitTest?.(
+        click.position?.x,
+        click.position?.y,
+        { sourceId: SHIPWRECKS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID },
+      );
+      if (cardHit && cardHit.entryId === _selectedCardId) {
+        if (_selectedLink) openExternal(_selectedLink);
+        return;
+      }
+      const picked = _viewer.scene.pick(click.position);
+      const id = picked ? pickedRecordId(picked) : null;
+      if (id) {
+        _selectedId = id;
+        publishCard();
+        render();
+        return;
+      }
+      if (picked) {
+        const pickId = picking.resolvePickId(picked);
+        if (pickId && picking.isOwnedByOtherLayer(SHIPWRECKS_LAYER_ID, pickId))
+          return;
+      }
+      if (_selectedId) {
+        clearSelection();
+        render();
+      }
+    }, Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.LEFT_CLICK);
+  }
+
+  function removeClickHandler() {
+    _clickHandler?.destroy();
+    _clickHandler = null;
+    picking?.unregisterPickOwner?.(SHIPWRECKS_LAYER_ID);
+  }
+
+  function toggleEra(era) {
+    if (_eras.has(era)) _eras.delete(era);
+    else _eras.add(era);
+    applyFilter();
+  }
+
+  function countOf(era) {
+    let count = 0;
+    for (const record of _records.values()) if (eraOf(record) === era) count++;
+    return count;
+  }
+
+  const layer = {
+    id: SHIPWRECKS_LAYER_ID,
+    name: 'Shipwrecks',
+    icon: '⚓',
+    source: 'EMODnet · Wikidata',
+    // The proxy refreshes once a day; this only notices a new snapshot.
+    updateInterval: 6 * 60 * 60 * 1000,
+
+    init(viewer) {
+      if (_viewer) throw new Error('Shipwrecks layer is already initialized');
+      _viewer = viewer;
+      _dataSource = new Cesium.CustomDataSource(SHIPWRECKS_LAYER_ID);
+      _dataSource.show = false;
+      viewer.dataSources.add(_dataSource);
+    },
+
+    enable() {
+      _enabled = true;
+      if (_dataSource) _dataSource.show = true;
+      installClickHandler();
+      if (_pins.length) _horizon.update();
+    },
+
+    disable() {
+      _enabled = false;
+      _request?.abort();
+      _request = null;
+      if (_dataSource) _dataSource.show = false;
+      removeClickHandler();
+      clearSelection();
+      _horizon.stop();
+      render();
+    },
+
+    async update() {
+      if (!_enabled || !_dataSource) return false;
+      _request?.abort();
+      const request = new AbortController();
+      _request = request;
+      try {
+        const snapshot = await source.getSnapshot({ signal: request.signal });
+        if (request.signal.aborted || _request !== request || !_enabled)
+          return false;
+        _snapshot = snapshot;
+        _lastError =
+          snapshot.sources.emodnet && snapshot.sources.wikidata
+            ? null
+            : snapshot.sources.emodnet
+              ? msg('Wikidata unavailable; showing EMODnet only')
+              : msg('EMODnet unavailable; showing Wikidata only');
+        rebuild(snapshot.records);
+        notifyRow();
+        return true;
+      } catch (error) {
+        if (request.signal.aborted || _request !== request || !_enabled)
+          return false;
+        console.warn('[Data:Shipwrecks] Fetch error:', error);
+        _lastError = error?.message || msg('Shipwrecks unavailable');
+        notifyRow();
+        return false;
+      } finally {
+        if (_request === request) _request = null;
+      }
+    },
+
+    destroy(viewer = _viewer) {
+      layer.disable();
+      if (_dataSource) {
+        viewer?.dataSources?.remove(_dataSource, true);
+        _dataSource = null;
+      }
+      _records = new Map();
+      _pins = [];
+      _snapshot = null;
+      _viewer = null;
+      _rowListener = null;
+    },
+
+    /** The era filter: `eras` lists the era chips that are on. */
+    getParams() {
+      return { eras: SHIPWRECK_ERAS.filter((era) => _eras.has(era)) };
+    },
+
+    setParams(params = {}) {
+      if (!('eras' in params)) return true;
+      const next = normalizeEras(params.eras, _eras);
+      if (next.size === _eras.size && [...next].every((era) => _eras.has(era)))
+        return true;
+      _eras = next;
+      applyFilter();
+      return true;
+    },
+
+    setRowControlsListener(listener) {
+      _rowListener = listener;
+    },
+
+    getRowControls() {
+      return {
+        chips: SHIPWRECK_ERAS.map((era) => ({
+          id: era,
+          label: t(ERA_LABELS[era]),
+          active: _eras.has(era),
+          color: ERA_COLORS[era],
+          title: tn(countOf(era), '{count} wreck', '{count} wrecks', {
+            count: formatNumber(countOf(era)),
+          }),
+          onClick: () => toggleEra(era),
+        })),
+        legend: [],
+        info: t('EMODnet (European waters) · Wikidata (worldwide)'),
+        infoTitle: t(
+          'European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.',
+        ),
+      };
+    },
+
+    getStats() {
+      let shown = 0;
+      for (const record of _records.values()) if (visible(record)) shown++;
+      return {
+        count: shown,
+        lastUpdate: _snapshot?.fetchedAt ?? null,
+        stale: _snapshot?.stale === true,
+        error: _lastError,
+      };
+    },
+
+    /** Loaded records as plain JSON-safe objects, for tools and QA. */
+    getAnalystRecords(maxCount = 2000) {
+      if (!_enabled) return [];
+      const out = [];
+      for (const record of _records.values()) {
+        if (out.length >= maxCount) break;
+        if (!visible(record)) continue;
+        out.push({
+          id: record.id,
+          source: record.source,
+          name: record.name,
+          vesselType: record.vesselType,
+          year: record.year,
+          era: eraOf(record),
+          lat: record.lat,
+          lon: record.lon,
+          depth: record.depth,
+          casualties: record.casualties,
+        });
+      }
+      return out;
+    },
+  };
+  return layer;
+}
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a7072205
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js
@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+// Shared by the server proxy (server/providers/shipwrecks.js) and the browser
+// layer, so it must not load the i18n catalogs: values stay data.
+
+/** EMODnet Human Activities "Cultural Heritage – Ship wrecks" (CC BY 4.0). */
+export const EMODNET_WFS_URL =
+  'https://ows.emodnet-humanactivities.eu/wfs?service=WFS&request=GetFeature' +
+  '&version=2.0.0&typeNames=emodnet:heritageshipwrecks' +
+  '&outputFormat=application/json&srsName=EPSG:4326';
+/** Landing page shown when an EMODnet wreck has no web page of its own. */
+export const EMODNET_PAGE_URL =
+  'https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/en/human-activities';
+
+export const SHIPWRECK_SOURCES = Object.freeze(['emodnet', 'wikidata']);
+
+/**
+ * Wikidata (CC0): shipwreck items that have at least one Wikipedia article,
+ * so the worldwide set stays to notable wrecks and skips bulk register
+ * imports, plus sinking events ("sinking of the RMS Titanic"), which are where
+ * Wikidata keeps the death toll. Dates come with their precision so a
+ * month-precise date is not shown as the 1st. Only ship and event facts are
+ * read: no items about people.
+ */
+export const WIKIDATA_QUERY = `SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?itemDescription ?coord ?sunk ?sunkPrecision ?end ?deaths ?survivors ?typeLabel ?enwiki ?ptwiki ?event WHERE {
+  {
+    ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q852190 ; wdt:P625 ?coord ; wikibase:sitelinks ?links .
+    FILTER(?links > 0)
+    OPTIONAL { ?item p:P793 ?wreck . ?wreck ps:P793 wd:Q906512 ; pqv:P585 [ wikibase:timeValue ?sunk ; wikibase:timePrecision ?sunkPrecision ] }
+    OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P576 ?end }
+    OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P31 ?type . FILTER(?type != wd:Q852190) }
+  } UNION {
+    ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q906512 ; wdt:P625 ?coord .
+    BIND("event" AS ?event)
+    OPTIONAL { ?item p:P585/psv:P585 [ wikibase:timeValue ?sunk ; wikibase:timePrecision ?sunkPrecision ] }
+    OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P1561 ?survivors }
+  }
+  OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P1120 ?deaths }
+  OPTIONAL { ?enwiki schema:about ?item ; schema:isPartOf <https://en.wikipedia.org/> }
+  OPTIONAL { ?ptwiki schema:about ?item ; schema:isPartOf <https://pt.wikipedia.org/> }
+  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en,pt,mul". }
+}`;
+
+const MAX_TEXT = 160;
+const MAX_NOTE = 260;
+/** Same name within this distance: one wreck seen by both sources. */
+const SAME_WRECK_KM = 3;
+
+// Free text sometimes names people (owners, masters, divers who reported a
+// wreck). The layer shows ships, never people, so such text is dropped whole.
+const PERSON_TEXT =
+  /\b(mr|mrs|ms|dr|capt|captain|master|skipper|owner|owned|crew|body|bodies|drowned|reported by|according to)\b/i;
+
+/** EMODnet writes "n/a" or nothing where a value is unknown. */
+function clean(value, max = MAX_TEXT) {
+  if (typeof value !== 'string') return null;
+  const text = value
+    .replace(/[\u0000-\u001f<>]/g, ' ')
+    .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
+    .trim();
+  if (!text || /^(n\/a|null|unknown|none|-)$/i.test(text)) return null;
+  return text.length > max ? `${text.slice(0, max - 1).trimEnd()}…` : text;
+}
+
+/** Free text with no personal names in it, or null. */
+function impersonalText(value, max) {
+  const text = clean(value, max);
+  return text && !PERSON_TEXT.test(text) ? text : null;
+}
+
+function positiveNumber(value, max) {
+  const n = typeof value === 'number' ? value : Number(value);
+  return Number.isFinite(n) && n > 0 && n <= max ? n : null;
+}
+
+function count(value) {
+  const text = String(value ?? '').replace(/\.0+$/, '');
+  if (!/^\d{1,6}$/.test(text)) return null;
+  return Number(text);
+}
+
+/** A sinking year from "1917", "1917-1918" or "c. 1917"; null otherwise. */
+export function parseYear(value, maxYear = new Date().getUTCFullYear()) {
+  const match = /(?:^|\D)(\d{3,4})(?:\D|$)/.exec(String(value ?? ''));
+  if (!match) return null;
+  const year = Number(match[1]);
+  return year >= 100 && year <= maxYear ? year : null;
+}
+
+function validPoint(lat, lon) {
+  return (
+    Number.isFinite(lat) &&
+    Number.isFinite(lon) &&
+    Math.abs(lat) <= 90 &&
+    Math.abs(lon) <= 180 &&
+    !(lat === 0 && lon === 0)
+  );
+}
+
+function httpUrl(value) {
+  const text = clean(value, 400);
+  if (!text) return null;
+  try {
+    const url = new URL(text);
+    return url.protocol === 'https:' || url.protocol === 'http:'
+      ? url.href
+      : null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Normalize EMODnet's shipwreck GeoJSON. Records the portal took from
+ * wrecksite.eu are skipped: that site's data is not openly licensed.
+ * @param {object} payload WFS GeoJSON FeatureCollection.
+ * @returns {object[]} Shipwreck records.
+ */
+export function normalizeEmodnetFeatures(payload) {
+  const features = payload?.features;
+  if (!Array.isArray(features)) return [];
+  const out = [];
+  const ids = new Set();
+  for (const feature of features) {
+    const p = feature?.properties || {};
+    const coords = feature?.geometry?.coordinates;
+    if (feature?.geometry?.type !== 'Point' || !Array.isArray(coords)) continue;
+    const lon = Number(coords[0]);
+    const lat = Number(coords[1]);
+    if (!validPoint(lat, lon)) continue;
+    const origin = clean(p.source_inf, 80);
+    if (origin && /wrecksite/i.test(origin)) continue;
+    const key = clean(String(feature.id ?? p.source_id ?? ''), 80);
+    if (!key) continue;
+    const id = `emodnet:${key}`;
+    if (ids.has(id)) continue;
+    ids.add(id);
+    const year = parseYear(p.sink_yr);
+    const dating = clean(p.dating, 60);
+    const period = clean(p.period, 60);
+    const vesselType =
+      clean(p.obj_type, 60) ||
+      (() => {
+        // ship_char is sometimes a short type ("Trawler"), sometimes a long
+        // history that can name people; only the short form is a type.
+        const text = clean(p.ship_char, 40);
+        return text && !/\d/.test(text) && !PERSON_TEXT.test(text)
+          ? text
+          : null;
+      })();
+    out.push({
+      id,
+      source: 'emodnet',
+      lat,
+      lon,
+      name: clean(p.name, 100),
+      vesselType,
+      year,
+      date: null,
+      dating: year ? null : dating,
+      ancient: !year && Boolean(period || dating),
+      cause: impersonalText(p.sink_context, MAX_NOTE),
+      notes: period && dating ? `${period} (${dating})` : period,
+      cargo: impersonalText(p.artefacts, 120),
+      protected: /protected/i.test(p.statutory || ''),
+      depth: positiveNumber(p.least_depth, 11000),
+      depthQuality: clean(p.depth_prec, 80),
+      positionAccuracy: positiveNumber(p.loc_prec, 100000),
+      positionNote: /centroid/i.test(p.point_info || '')
+        ? 'Centre of the protected area'
+        : null,
+      casualties: null,
+      survivors: null,
+      country: clean(p.country, 60),
+      originator: origin,
+      url: httpUrl(p.website1),
+    });
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+function wikiUrl(value) {
+  const url = httpUrl(value);
+  return url && /^https:\/\/[a-z]{2,3}\.wikipedia\.org\/wiki\//.test(url)
+    ? url
+    : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A Wikidata time as a day ("1912-04-15") when it is day-precise, else as a
+ * year only: a month- or year-precise value reads back as the 1st.
+ * @returns {{date: string|null, year: number|null}}
+ */
+function wikidataTime(value, precision) {
+  const match = /^(-?\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})T/.exec(value || '');
+  if (!match) return { date: null, year: null };
+  const year = parseYear(match[1]);
+  const p = Number(precision);
+  // 11 = day; 9 = year; 10 = month. A missing precision (P576) counts as a day.
+  if (!Number.isFinite(p) || p >= 11)
+    return { date: `${match[1]}-${match[2]}-${match[3]}`, year };
+  return { date: null, year: p >= 9 ? year : null };
+}
+
+/** "sinking of the RMS Titanic" → "Sinking of the RMS Titanic". */
+function sentenceCase(text) {
+  return text ? text.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + text.slice(1) : text;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Normalize Wikidata SPARQL results to shipwreck records (one per item).
+ * Sinking events are folded into the ship they sank when both are listed.
+ * @param {object} payload SPARQL JSON results.
+ * @returns {object[]}
+ */
+export function normalizeWikidataResults(payload) {
+  const bindings = payload?.results?.bindings;
+  if (!Array.isArray(bindings)) return [];
+  const byItem = new Map();
+  for (const binding of bindings) {
+    const value = (key) => binding?.[key]?.value;
+    const qid = /\/entity\/(Q\d{1,12})$/.exec(value('item') || '')?.[1];
+    if (!qid) continue;
+    const sunk = wikidataTime(value('sunk'), value('sunkPrecision'));
+    const ended = wikidataTime(value('end'), null);
+    const known = byItem.get(qid);
+    if (known) {
+      // Extra rows only add what the first one lacked.
+      known.vesselType ||= clean(value('typeLabel'), 60);
+      if (!known.date && !known.year) {
+        known.date = sunk.date || ended.date;
+        known.year = sunk.year ?? ended.year;
+      }
+      known.casualties ??= count(value('deaths'));
+      known.survivors ??= count(value('survivors'));
+      continue;
+    }
+    const point = /^Point\(([-\d.eE]+) ([-\d.eE]+)\)$/.exec(
+      value('coord') || '',
+    );
+    const lon = point ? Number(point[1]) : NaN;
+    const lat = point ? Number(point[2]) : NaN;
+    if (!validPoint(lat, lon)) continue;
+    const name = clean(value('itemLabel'), 100);
+    const event = value('event') === 'event';
+    const when = sunk.date || sunk.year ? sunk : ended;
+    byItem.set(qid, {
+      id: `wikidata:${qid}`,
+      source: 'wikidata',
+      event,
+      lat,
+      lon,
+      // An unlabelled item reads back as its own Q-id; that is no name.
+      name: name && name !== qid ? (event ? sentenceCase(name) : name) : null,
+      vesselType: event ? null : clean(value('typeLabel'), 60),
+      year: when.year,
+      date: when.date,
+      dating: null,
+      ancient: false,
+      cause: null,
+      notes: impersonalText(value('itemDescription'), MAX_TEXT),
+      cargo: null,
+      protected: false,
+      depth: null,
+      depthQuality: null,
+      positionAccuracy: null,
+      positionNote: null,
+      casualties: count(value('deaths')),
+      survivors: count(value('survivors')),
+      country: null,
+      originator: null,
+      url:
+        wikiUrl(value('enwiki')) ||
+        wikiUrl(value('ptwiki')) ||
+        `https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/${qid}`,
+    });
+  }
+  return foldSinkingEvents([...byItem.values()]);
+}
+
+/** An event this far from a listed ship whose name it contains is that ship's sinking. */
+const SAME_SINKING_KM = 50;
+
+/**
+ * "Sinking of the RMS Titanic" near the RMS Titanic wreck is one marker: the
+ * ship keeps its article and takes the event's date, deaths and survivors.
+ */
+function foldSinkingEvents(records) {
+  // Wikidata sometimes has both the ship and its wreck as items at one spot
+  // ("Titanic", "wreck of the RMS Titanic"): keep the ship, one marker.
+  const isWreckItem = (record) => (/^wreck\b/i.test(record.name || '') ? 1 : 0);
+  const ships = [];
+  const candidates = records
+    .filter((record) => !record.event)
+    .sort((a, b) => isWreckItem(a) - isWreckItem(b));
+  for (const record of candidates) {
+    const key = nameKey(record.name);
+    const twin =
+      key &&
+      ships.find(
+        (ship) =>
+          nameKey(ship.name) === key &&
+          distanceKm(ship, record) <= SAME_WRECK_KM,
+      );
+    if (!twin) {
+      ships.push(record);
+      continue;
+    }
+    twin.vesselType ||= record.vesselType;
+    if (!twin.date && !twin.year) {
+      twin.date = record.date;
+      twin.year = record.year;
+    }
+    twin.casualties ??= record.casualties;
+    twin.survivors ??= record.survivors;
+  }
+  const out = [...ships];
+  for (const event of records.filter((record) => record.event)) {
+    const eventKey = ` ${nameKey(event.name)} `;
+    const ship = ships.find((candidate) => {
+      const key = nameKey(candidate.name);
+      return (
+        key.length >= 3 &&
+        eventKey.includes(` ${key} `) &&
+        distanceKm(candidate, event) <= SAME_SINKING_KM
+      );
+    });
+    if (!ship) {
+      out.push(event);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!ship.date && !ship.year) {
+      ship.date = event.date;
+      ship.year = event.year;
+    } else if (!ship.date && event.date && event.year === ship.year) {
+      ship.date = event.date;
+    }
+    ship.casualties ??= event.casualties;
+    ship.survivors ??= event.survivors;
+  }
+  for (const record of out) delete record.event;
+  return out;
+}
+
+function nameKey(name) {
+  return String(name || '')
+    .normalize('NFD')
+    .replace(/[̀-ͯ]/g, '')
+    .toLowerCase()
+    .replace(/\([^)]*\)/g, ' ')
+    .replace(/\b(wreck|sinking|loss|disaster|of)\b/g, ' ')
+    .replace(
+      /\b(hms|hmt|hmhs|hmas|sms|ss|ms|mv|rms|uss|hm|s\/s|m\/v|the)\b/g,
+      ' ',
+    )
+    .replace(/[^a-z0-9]+/g, ' ')
+    .trim();
+}
+
+function distanceKm(a, b) {
+  const rad = Math.PI / 180;
+  const dLat = (b.lat - a.lat) * rad;
+  const dLon = (b.lon - a.lon) * rad;
+  const h =
+    Math.sin(dLat / 2) ** 2 +
+    Math.cos(a.lat * rad) * Math.cos(b.lat * rad) * Math.sin(dLon / 2) ** 2;
+  return 12742 * Math.asin(Math.min(1, Math.sqrt(h)));
+}
+
+/**
+ * One list from both sources. A wreck in both (same name, a few km apart)
+ * keeps the Wikidata record, which links an article, and takes EMODnet's
+ * survey facts (depth, sinking text, year) that Wikidata lacks.
+ */
+export function mergeShipwreckRecords(emodnet = [], wikidata = []) {
+  const byName = new Map();
+  for (const record of wikidata) {
+    const key = nameKey(record.name);
+    if (!key) continue;
+    if (!byName.has(key)) byName.set(key, []);
+    byName.get(key).push(record);
+  }
+  const kept = [];
+  for (const record of emodnet) {
+    const twin = (byName.get(nameKey(record.name)) || []).find(
+      (candidate) => distanceKm(candidate, record) <= SAME_WRECK_KM,
+    );
+    if (!twin) {
+      kept.push(record);
+      continue;
+    }
+    twin.year ??= record.year;
+    twin.vesselType ||= record.vesselType;
+    twin.cause ||= record.cause;
+    twin.depth ??= record.depth;
+    twin.depthQuality ||= record.depthQuality;
+    twin.positionAccuracy ??= record.positionAccuracy;
+    twin.country ||= record.country;
+    twin.protected ||= record.protected;
+    twin.alsoIn = 'emodnet';
+  }
+  return [...wikidata, ...kept];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validate the proxy's snapshot in the browser.
+ * @returns {object[]|null} Records, or null when the payload is malformed.
+ */
+export function normalizeShipwreckSnapshot(payload) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(payload?.records)) return null;
+  const rows = [];
+  const ids = new Set();
+  for (const record of payload.records) {
+    if (
+      !record ||
+      typeof record.id !== 'string' ||
+      ids.has(record.id) ||
+      !SHIPWRECK_SOURCES.includes(record.source) ||
+      !validPoint(record.lat, record.lon)
+    )
+      continue;
+    ids.add(record.id);
+    rows.push({
+      ...record,
+      year: Number.isInteger(record.year) ? record.year : null,
+      url: httpUrl(record.url),
+    });
+  }
+  return rows;
+}
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a61154a5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import {
+  mergeShipwreckRecords,
+  normalizeEmodnetFeatures,
+  normalizeShipwreckSnapshot,
+  normalizeWikidataResults,
+  parseYear,
+} from './records.js';
+
+function feature(id, properties, coordinates = [-4.35, 54.13]) {
+  return {
+    type: 'Feature',
+    id,
+    geometry: { type: 'Point', coordinates },
+    properties,
+  };
+}
+
+test('EMODnet wrecks keep ship facts and drop text that names people', () => {
+  const [wreck, roman] = normalizeEmodnetFeatures({
+    features: [
+      feature('w.1', {
+        name: 'MAINA-NUI',
+        sink_yr: '1987',
+        sink_context: 'Sank on 07/02/1987',
+        obj_type: 'Pusher or tug',
+        least_depth: 12.5,
+        depth_prec: 'Least depth known',
+        loc_prec: 50,
+        country: 'France',
+        source_inf: 'SHOM',
+        statutory: 'n/a',
+        website1: 'n/a',
+      }),
+      feature('w.2', {
+        name: 'Lerici',
+        sink_yr: '',
+        dating: 'C1st-2nd AD',
+        period: 'Roman Imperial',
+        artefacts: 'Marble, Columns',
+        obj_type: 'n/a',
+        ship_char: 'Owned by J. Smith, master was A. Jones',
+        sink_context: 'Wrecked here, reported by Mr Smith',
+      }),
+      feature('w.3', { name: 'Copied', source_inf: 'www.wrecksite.eu' }),
+      feature('w.4', { name: 'Null island' }, [0, 0]),
+    ],
+  });
+  assert.equal(wreck.id, 'emodnet:w.1');
+  assert.equal(wreck.year, 1987);
+  assert.equal(wreck.vesselType, 'Pusher or tug');
+  assert.equal(wreck.cause, 'Sank on 07/02/1987');
+  assert.equal(wreck.depth, 12.5);
+  assert.equal(wreck.positionAccuracy, 50);
+  assert.equal(wreck.url, null);
+  assert.equal(roman.year, null);
+  assert.equal(roman.ancient, true);
+  assert.equal(roman.dating, 'C1st-2nd AD');
+  assert.equal(roman.notes, 'Roman Imperial (C1st-2nd AD)');
+  assert.equal(roman.cargo, 'Marble, Columns');
+  assert.equal(roman.vesselType, null, 'a history naming people is no type');
+  assert.equal(roman.cause, null, 'text naming a person is dropped');
+});
+
+test('Wikidata rows fold into one record per item', () => {
+  const item = 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1471525';
+  const records = normalizeWikidataResults({
+    results: {
+      bindings: [
+        {
+          item: { value: item },
+          itemLabel: { value: 'HMS Havant' },
+          itemDescription: { value: '1939 G and H-class destroyer' },
+          coord: { value: 'Point(2.26 51.13)' },
+          sunk: { value: '1940-06-01T00:00:00Z' },
+          enwiki: { value: 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Havant_(H32)' },
+        },
+        {
+          item: { value: item },
+          typeLabel: { value: 'destroyer' },
+          deaths: { value: '8' },
+          coord: { value: 'Point(2.26 51.13)' },
+        },
+        {
+          item: { value: 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q9' },
+          itemLabel: { value: 'Q9' },
+          coord: { value: 'Point(10 10)' },
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+  });
+  assert.equal(records.length, 2);
+  const [havant, unnamed] = records;
+  assert.equal(havant.date, '1940-06-01');
+  assert.equal(havant.year, 1940);
+  assert.equal(havant.vesselType, 'destroyer');
+  assert.equal(havant.casualties, 8);
+  assert.equal(havant.url, 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Havant_(H32)');
+  assert.equal(unnamed.name, null);
+  assert.equal(unnamed.url, 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9');
+});
+
+test('a wreck in both sources keeps Wikidata and takes EMODnet survey facts', () => {
+  const wikidata = [
+    {
+      id: 'wikidata:Q1',
+      source: 'wikidata',
+      name: 'HMS Havant',
+      lat: 51.13,
+      lon: 2.26,
+      year: null,
+      depth: null,
+    },
+  ];
+  const emodnet = [
+    {
+      id: 'emodnet:a',
+      source: 'emodnet',
+      name: 'Havant (HMS)',
+      lat: 51.131,
+      lon: 2.262,
+      year: 1940,
+      depth: 14.7,
+    },
+    {
+      id: 'emodnet:b',
+      source: 'emodnet',
+      name: 'HMS Havant',
+      lat: 45,
+      lon: -10,
+      year: 1950,
+    },
+  ];
+  const merged = mergeShipwreckRecords(emodnet, wikidata);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    merged.map((record) => record.id),
+    ['wikidata:Q1', 'emodnet:b'],
+  );
+  assert.equal(merged[0].year, 1940);
+  assert.equal(merged[0].depth, 14.7);
+  assert.equal(merged[0].alsoIn, 'emodnet');
+});
+
+test('years and snapshots are validated', () => {
+  assert.equal(parseYear('1917-1918'), 1917);
+  assert.equal(parseYear('c. 1588'), 1588);
+  assert.equal(parseYear(''), null);
+  assert.equal(parseYear('3000'), null);
+  assert.equal(normalizeShipwreckSnapshot({}), null);
+  const rows = normalizeShipwreckSnapshot({
+    records: [
+      { id: 'a', source: 'emodnet', lat: 1, lon: 2, url: 'javascript:x' },
+      { id: 'a', source: 'emodnet', lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+      { id: 'b', source: 'other', lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+      { id: 'c', source: 'wikidata', lat: 91, lon: 2 },
+    ],
+  });
+  assert.equal(rows.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(rows[0].url, null);
+});
+
+test('a sinking event folds into its ship; month-precise dates keep the year only', () => {
+  const entity = (q) => ({ value: `http://www.wikidata.org/entity/${q}` });
+  const records = normalizeWikidataResults({
+    results: {
+      bindings: [
+        {
+          item: entity('Q25173'),
+          itemLabel: { value: 'Titanic' },
+          coord: { value: 'Point(-49.9469 41.7325)' },
+        },
+        {
+          item: entity('Q3018259'),
+          itemLabel: { value: 'wreck of the RMS Titanic' },
+          coord: { value: 'Point(-49.9469 41.7325)' },
+        },
+        {
+          item: entity('Q2577588'),
+          itemLabel: { value: 'sinking of the RMS Titanic' },
+          coord: { value: 'Point(-49.9458 41.7319)' },
+          event: { value: 'event' },
+          sunk: { value: '1912-04-01T00:00:00Z' },
+          sunkPrecision: { value: '10' },
+          deaths: { value: '1501' },
+          survivors: { value: '712' },
+        },
+        {
+          item: entity('Q1245004'),
+          itemLabel: { value: 'Costa Concordia disaster' },
+          coord: { value: 'Point(10.92 42.37)' },
+          event: { value: 'event' },
+          sunk: { value: '2012-01-13T00:00:00Z' },
+          sunkPrecision: { value: '11' },
+          deaths: { value: '32' },
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    records.map((record) => record.id),
+    ['wikidata:Q25173', 'wikidata:Q1245004'],
+  );
+  const [titanic, concordia] = records;
+  assert.equal(titanic.date, null);
+  assert.equal(titanic.year, 1912);
+  assert.equal(titanic.casualties, 1501);
+  assert.equal(titanic.survivors, 712);
+  assert.equal(concordia.name, 'Costa Concordia disaster');
+  assert.equal(concordia.date, '2012-01-13');
+  assert.equal('event' in concordia, false);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..49f75b526
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { readResponseJsonCapped } from '../../sources/httpBody.js';
+import { normalizeShipwreckSnapshot } from './records.js';
+
+/** Same-origin source for the proxy's EMODnet + Wikidata shipwreck snapshot. */
+export function createShipwrecksSource({
+  fetchImpl = (...args) => globalThis.fetch(...args),
+} = {}) {
+  return {
+    async getSnapshot({ signal } = {}) {
+      signal?.throwIfAborted();
+      const response = await fetchImpl('/api/shipwrecks', { signal });
+      if (!response.ok)
+        throw new Error(`Shipwrecks unavailable (HTTP ${response.status})`);
+      const payload = await readResponseJsonCapped(
+        response,
+        16 * 1024 * 1024,
+        signal,
+      );
+      signal?.throwIfAborted();
+      const records = normalizeShipwreckSnapshot(payload);
+      if (!records) throw new Error('Malformed shipwrecks response');
+      return {
+        records,
+        fetchedAt: Number.isFinite(payload.fetchedAt)
+          ? payload.fetchedAt
+          : null,
+        stale: payload.stale === true,
+        sources: {
+          emodnet: payload.sources?.emodnet !== false,
+          wikidata: payload.sources?.wikidata !== false,
+        },
+      };
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/standalone/layerSources.js b/src/standalone/layerSources.js
index 2e0534a3a..8f903510c 100644
--- a/src/standalone/layerSources.js
+++ b/src/standalone/layerSources.js
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import { createCycloneSource } from '../layers/cyclones/source.js';
 import { createWindSource } from '../layers/wind/source.js';
 import { createFirmsSource } from '../layers/firms/source.js';
 import { createGhostMapsSource } from '../layers/ghostMaps/source.js';
+import { createShipwrecksSource } from '../layers/shipwrecks/source.js';
 import { createMapillarySource } from '../layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js';
 import { createReferenceSources } from '../sources/reference.js';
 export { createReferenceSources as createStandaloneReferenceSources } from '../sources/reference.js';
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ export function createStandaloneLayerSources(
     alpr: createAlprTileSource(),
     firms: createFirmsSource(),
     's2-ghostmaps': createGhostMapsSource(),
+    shipwrecks: createShipwrecksSource(),
     wind: createWindSource(),
     weather: createWeatherSource(),
     cyclones: createCycloneSource(),
diff --git a/src/ui/layerNames.js b/src/ui/layerNames.js
index 21f681b11..617605035 100644
--- a/src/ui/layerNames.js
+++ b/src/ui/layerNames.js
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ export const LAYER_NAME_KEYS = Object.freeze({
   'gnss-integrity': msg('GNSS Integrity'),
   'drone-airspace': msg('Prohibited & Restricted Airspace'),
   's2-ghostmaps': msg('S2 GhostMaps'),
+  shipwrecks: msg('Shipwrecks'),
   wind: msg('Wind'),
   'weather-radar': msg('Rain radar'),
   'weather-satellite': msg('Satellite clouds'),
diff --git a/src/ui/layerPanel.js b/src/ui/layerPanel.js
index b24e8be7b..4c16b047c 100644
--- a/src/ui/layerPanel.js
+++ b/src/ui/layerPanel.js
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ const PANEL_GROUPS = [
       'fire-perimeters',
       'gnss-integrity',
       's2-ghostmaps',
+      'shipwrecks',
     ],
   },
   {
diff --git a/src/voice/layerManifest.js b/src/voice/layerManifest.js
index 1234fb61e..b05aba33d 100644
--- a/src/voice/layerManifest.js
+++ b/src/voice/layerManifest.js
@@ -457,6 +457,8 @@ export const VOICE_OFF_LAYERS = Object.freeze({
   // query for this layer wait until there is room.
   'drone-airspace':
     'informational airspace layer; no room in the prompt budget',
+  // Same budget: a historical wreck archive waits for room too.
+  shipwrecks: 'historical shipwreck archive; no room in the prompt budget',
 });
 
 const TYPE_NAMES = Object.freeze({

From 112ffd4386c779e1286cb4144633a75a2fb9722d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Itallo=20Brand=C3=A3o?=
 <45429643+IMBrandao@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 04:49:36 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 028/181] feat(shipwrecks): period picker like air accidents,
 sharper icons

- Replace the four era chips with the start and end year pickers the
  air-accidents layer uses (the same RowRange control, ported as is);
  the era colours stay as a legend under the row.
- Rasterize the boat marker at 144 px so large markers stay sharp.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 DATA_SOURCES.md                       |  2 +-
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                 | 16 +++--
 scripts/format-scope.json             |  2 +
 scripts/package-boundaries.json       |  7 ++
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json              |  8 ++-
 src/i18n/locales/de.json              |  8 ++-
 src/i18n/locales/es.json              |  8 ++-
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json              |  8 ++-
 src/i18n/locales/it.json              |  8 ++-
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json              |  8 ++-
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json              |  8 ++-
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json              |  8 ++-
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json              |  8 ++-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json           |  8 ++-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json         |  8 ++-
 src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js         | 12 ----
 src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.test.mjs   | 12 +---
 src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js        | 94 +++++++++++++++++++--------
 src/layers/shipwrecks/period.js       | 71 ++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/shipwrecks/period.test.mjs | 38 +++++++++++
 src/ui/layerPanel.js                  | 23 ++++++-
 src/ui/layerPanel/LayerRows.vue       |  9 +++
 src/ui/layerPanel/RowRange.vue        | 40 ++++++++++++
 src/ui/layerPanel/layerRows.test.mjs  | 59 +++++++++++++++++
 src/ui/styles/radio.css               | 37 +++++++++++
 25 files changed, 439 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/layers/shipwrecks/period.js
 create mode 100644 src/layers/shipwrecks/period.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/ui/layerPanel/RowRange.vue

diff --git a/DATA_SOURCES.md b/DATA_SOURCES.md
index 805771b67..6bababb81 100644
--- a/DATA_SOURCES.md
+++ b/DATA_SOURCES.md
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ How to read this:
 | **NIFC WFIGS** (Wildland Fire Interagency Geospatial Services, ArcGIS feature service) | Fire Perimeters layer: current interagency wildfire incident perimeters, containment, and incident facts | U.S. public domain (interagency wildland-fire data published through the [NIFC Open Data portal](https://data-nifc.opendata.arcgis.com/)); fetched keyless through `/api/fire-perimeters` (5-minute server cache) with `exceededTransferLimit` paging | "Wildfire perimeters: National Interagency Fire Center (WFIGS)" |
 | **S2 Underground GhostMaps** (`github.com/s2underground/GhostMaps`) | S2 GhostMaps layer: the current edition of S2's KMZ intel products (Common Intelligence Picture, 30-day kinetic pull, Border Crisis Map, Iran and Yemen products, newest incident drop). Keyless. `/api/ghostmaps` reads the branch head from git's ref advertisement every 15 s (`GHOSTMAPS_POLL_SECONDS`, minimum 5 s), lists the tree through the GitHub REST API only when the head changes (optional `GITHUB_TOKEN`), downloads files by commit-pinned raw URLs into `.gev-cache/ghostmaps/` and pushes new catalogs to browsers over server-sent events | [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) (repository README: "S2 Underground © 2025 by S2A1"); non-commercial, attribution required; files are fetched at runtime, never stored in this repository | "S2 GhostMaps intel products: S2 Underground © by S2A1, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0" — shown in-app |
 | **EMODnet Human Activities — Ship wrecks** (`ows.emodnet-humanactivities.eu/wfs`, layer `emodnet:heritageshipwrecks`) | Shipwrecks layer: about 7,000 wrecks in European waters (name, sinking year and text, vessel type, least depth and its quality, position accuracy, period, cargo, protected status). Keyless WFS GeoJSON, fetched by `/api/shipwrecks` once a day; rows sourced from wrecksite.eu are skipped and text naming people is dropped | [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) (EMODnet catalogue record `e965088b-a265-4517-84df-c49b156af8a7`; data originator AND-International, compiled from SHOM, National Monuments Service, Historic England and the Oxford Roman Economy Project); fetched at runtime, not stored in this repository | "Shipwrecks (Europe): EMODnet Human Activities (data originator AND-International, …), CC BY 4.0" — shown in-app |
-| **Wikidata — shipwrecks** (`query.wikidata.org/sparql`) | Shipwrecks layer: shipwreck items (Q852190) with a coordinate and at least one Wikipedia article: name, ship type, sinking date, death count, description and article link. Keyless, fetched by `/api/shipwrecks` once a day | [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/); fetched at runtime | "Shipwrecks (worldwide): Wikidata (CC0)" — shown in-app |
+| **Wikidata — shipwrecks** (`query.wikidata.org/sparql`) | Shipwrecks layer: shipwreck items (Q852190) with a coordinate and at least one Wikipedia article, plus sinking events (Q906512, where the death toll lives): name, ship type, sinking date with its precision, deaths and survivors (counts only), description and article link. Keyless, fetched by `/api/shipwrecks` once a day | [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/); fetched at runtime | "Shipwrecks (worldwide): Wikidata (CC0)" — shown in-app |
 | **InciWeb** (inciweb.wildfire.gov)                                    | Per-incident "InciWeb ↗" card links to official incident pages (narratives, evacuation/closure notices) | U.S. government public incident information. Links are matched best-effort by incident name and state, with incident page origin and update times checked on selection. Same-origin `/api/fire-perimeters/inciweb` routes cache the catalog for 1 hour and publication metadata for 30 minutes; linked pages remain InciWeb content | "Incident information: InciWeb (inciweb.wildfire.gov)" |
 | **FAA Special Use Airspace** (`services6.arcgis.com` FeatureServer `Special_Use_Airspace`) | Prohibited & Restricted Airspace layer: US prohibited (P) and restricted (R) special-use airspace polygons (not the UAS Facility Map or UAS flight restrictions), altitude limits from the `*_VAL`/`*_UOM`/`*_CODE` fields, times of use, and controlling agency | U.S. public domain (FAA aeronautical data published through the [FAA AIS Open Data portal](https://adds-faa.opendata.arcgis.com/)); fetched keyless through `/api/drone-airspace` (1-hour server cache). Informational only — not a substitute for official UAS flight-planning tools | "Prohibited & restricted airspace: FAA Special Use Airspace" |
 | **OpenFreeMap / OpenMapTiles** | Vector tiles | OpenStreetMap data under ODbL 1.0 | OpenFreeMap © OpenMapTiles |
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index e0df74333..dd7838b7c 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -116,14 +116,18 @@ read: EMODnet's long histories (`ship_char`, `obj_desc`) are not, and any
 sinking or cargo text that names a person (owner, master, a diver who reported
 it) is dropped whole; deaths appear only as a Wikidata count.
 
-The globe draws a small hull marker per wreck, ground-clamped with the depth
-test off and the horizon cull GhostMaps uses, coloured by era: before 1900
+The globe draws a round marker with a hull and mast per wreck, ground-clamped
+with the depth test off and the horizon cull GhostMaps uses, sized by deaths as
+on Air accidents and coloured by era (a legend under the row): before 1900
 (ancient wrecks dated only by period count here), 1900–1945, after 1945, and
-date unknown. Four row chips show or hide each era (session-only, not in the
-share link). Clicking a marker opens a `stateless` card with the name, vessel
-type, sinking date or year (or the archaeological dating), what happened, deaths,
+date unknown. A period filter under the row picks a start year and an end year
+side by side, the same control as Air accidents (two pickers over the years in
+the data; a reversed pair is swapped); undated wrecks show only when every year
+is selected. The filter is session-only (not in the share link). Clicking a marker opens a `stateless` card laid out like the air-accident card: deaths and
+survivors first, then the sinking date or year (or the archaeological dating) and
+waters, vessel type, what happened,
 least depth and its quality, how well the position is known, period notes or
-the Wikidata description, cargo or finds, protected status, waters and source.
+the Wikidata description, cargo or finds, protected status and source.
 Clicking the card opens the Wikipedia article (else the Wikidata item), the
 wreck's own web page when EMODnet lists one, else EMODnet's portal. Voice does
 not toggle this layer yet (prompt budget, as for the airspace layer).
diff --git a/scripts/format-scope.json b/scripts/format-scope.json
index d3eb3d95b..16b5e1ac5 100644
--- a/scripts/format-scope.json
+++ b/scripts/format-scope.json
@@ -1214,6 +1214,7 @@
   "src/data/firmsIntensity.js",
   "src/data/firmsIntensity.test.mjs",
   "src/ui/layerPanel/RowSwitch.vue",
+  "src/ui/layerPanel/RowRange.vue",
   "src/ui/layerPanel/RowSlider.vue",
   "src/sources/phaseTiming.test.mjs",
   "scripts/build-census-places.mjs",
@@ -1271,5 +1272,6 @@
   "src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs",
   "src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.test.mjs",
   "src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.test.mjs",
+  "src/layers/shipwrecks/period.test.mjs",
   "src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs"
 ]
diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index 7460d06d2..024982e83 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -686,6 +686,7 @@
       "src/ui/rail/focusSafeChildren.js",
       "src/ui/layerPanel/RowText.vue",
       "src/ui/layerPanel/RowSwitch.vue",
+      "src/ui/layerPanel/RowRange.vue",
       "src/ui/layerPanel/RowSlider.vue",
       "src/ui/railTimeline.js",
       "src/ui/clearLayersControl.js",
@@ -1023,6 +1024,7 @@
       "src/ui/rail/focusSafeChildren.js",
       "src/ui/layerPanel/RowText.vue",
       "src/ui/layerPanel/RowSwitch.vue",
+      "src/ui/layerPanel/RowRange.vue",
       "src/ui/layerPanel/RowSlider.vue",
       "src/ui/railTimeline.js",
       "src/ui/layers.js",
@@ -2812,6 +2814,7 @@
       "src/ui/rail/focusSafeChildren.js",
       "src/ui/layerPanel/RowText.vue",
       "src/ui/layerPanel/RowSwitch.vue",
+      "src/ui/layerPanel/RowRange.vue",
       "src/ui/layerPanel/RowSlider.vue",
       "src/ui/railTimeline.js",
       "src/ui/layers.js",
@@ -2945,6 +2948,7 @@
       "src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js",
       "src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js",
       "src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/period.js",
       "src/app/layers/droneAirspace.js",
       "src/layers/droneAirspace/index.js",
       "src/layers/droneAirspace/source.js",
@@ -3702,6 +3706,7 @@
       "src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js",
       "src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js",
       "src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/period.js",
       "src/app/layers/droneAirspace.js",
       "src/layers/droneAirspace/index.js",
       "src/layers/droneAirspace/source.js",
@@ -4769,6 +4774,7 @@
       "src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js",
       "src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js",
       "src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/period.js",
       "src/sources/httpBody.js",
       "src/data/geoFileImport.js",
       "src/i18n/marker.js",
@@ -4802,6 +4808,7 @@
       "src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js",
       "src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js",
       "src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js",
+      "src/layers/shipwrecks/period.js",
       "src/layers/ghostMaps/catalog.js",
       "src/sources/httpBody.js",
       "src/i18n/marker.js"
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index 147d9e307..7268d22ae 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -3439,5 +3439,11 @@
   "Fatalities: {count}": "الوفيات: {count}",
   "Survivors: {count}": "الناجون: {count}",
   "Click the card to open the article ↗": "انقر على البطاقة لفتح المقالة ↗",
-  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "يأتي حطام السفن التراثي الأوروبي من EMODnet Human Activities، ويأتي الحطام البارز في العالم من ويكي بيانات. يبيّن اللون متى غرقت السفينة، ويكبر حجم العلامة مع عدد الوفيات. انقر على علامة لعرض بطاقتها."
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "يأتي حطام السفن التراثي الأوروبي من EMODnet Human Activities، ويأتي الحطام البارز في العالم من ويكي بيانات. يبيّن اللون متى غرقت السفينة، ويكبر حجم العلامة مع عدد الوفيات. انقر على علامة لعرض بطاقتها.",
+  "All years": "كل السنوات",
+  "Period": "الفترة",
+  "From": "من",
+  "To": "إلى",
+  "First year of the shipwreck period": "السنة الأولى من فترة الغرق",
+  "Last year of the shipwreck period": "السنة الأخيرة من فترة الغرق"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index cbcf280e2..29dcf5454 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -3135,5 +3135,11 @@
   "Fatalities: {count}": "Todesopfer: {count}",
   "Survivors: {count}": "Überlebende: {count}",
   "Click the card to open the article ↗": "Karte anklicken, um den Artikel zu öffnen ↗",
-  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "Europäische Kulturerbe-Wracks stammen von EMODnet Human Activities, bekannte Wracks weltweit von Wikidata. Die Farbe zeigt, wann das Schiff sank; die Markierung wächst mit der Zahl der Todesopfer. Klicke auf eine Markierung für ihre Karte."
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "Europäische Kulturerbe-Wracks stammen von EMODnet Human Activities, bekannte Wracks weltweit von Wikidata. Die Farbe zeigt, wann das Schiff sank; die Markierung wächst mit der Zahl der Todesopfer. Klicke auf eine Markierung für ihre Karte.",
+  "All years": "Alle Jahre",
+  "Period": "Zeitraum",
+  "From": "Von",
+  "To": "Bis",
+  "First year of the shipwreck period": "Erstes Jahr des Schiffbruch-Zeitraums",
+  "Last year of the shipwreck period": "Letztes Jahr des Schiffbruch-Zeitraums"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index 6df928b0a..b6e440344 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -3211,5 +3211,11 @@
   "Fatalities: {count}": "Fallecidos: {count}",
   "Survivors: {count}": "Supervivientes: {count}",
   "Click the card to open the article ↗": "Haz clic en la ficha para abrir el artículo ↗",
-  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "Los pecios históricos europeos proceden de EMODnet Human Activities; los naufragios notables de todo el mundo, de Wikidata. El color indica cuándo se hundió el barco; el marcador crece con el número de muertos. Haz clic en un marcador para ver su ficha."
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "Los pecios históricos europeos proceden de EMODnet Human Activities; los naufragios notables de todo el mundo, de Wikidata. El color indica cuándo se hundió el barco; el marcador crece con el número de muertos. Haz clic en un marcador para ver su ficha.",
+  "All years": "Todos los años",
+  "Period": "Periodo",
+  "From": "Desde",
+  "To": "Hasta",
+  "First year of the shipwreck period": "Primer año del periodo de naufragios",
+  "Last year of the shipwreck period": "Último año del periodo de naufragios"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index b9b53c48d..8aac9e0a0 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -3211,5 +3211,11 @@
   "Fatalities: {count}": "Morts : {count}",
   "Survivors: {count}": "Survivants : {count}",
   "Click the card to open the article ↗": "Cliquez sur la fiche pour ouvrir l'article ↗",
-  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "Les épaves patrimoniales européennes viennent d'EMODnet Human Activities ; les épaves notables du monde entier viennent de Wikidata. La couleur indique quand le navire a coulé ; le repère grossit avec le nombre de morts. Cliquez sur un repère pour voir sa fiche."
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "Les épaves patrimoniales européennes viennent d'EMODnet Human Activities ; les épaves notables du monde entier viennent de Wikidata. La couleur indique quand le navire a coulé ; le repère grossit avec le nombre de morts. Cliquez sur un repère pour voir sa fiche.",
+  "All years": "Toutes les années",
+  "Period": "Période",
+  "From": "Du",
+  "To": "Au",
+  "First year of the shipwreck period": "Première année de la période des naufrages",
+  "Last year of the shipwreck period": "Dernière année de la période des naufrages"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index 9310da82c..6d8a79983 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -3211,5 +3211,11 @@
   "Fatalities: {count}": "Vittime: {count}",
   "Survivors: {count}": "Sopravvissuti: {count}",
   "Click the card to open the article ↗": "Fai clic sulla scheda per aprire l'articolo ↗",
-  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "I relitti storici europei provengono da EMODnet Human Activities; i relitti noti di tutto il mondo da Wikidata. Il colore indica quando la nave è affondata; l'indicatore cresce con il numero di vittime. Fai clic su un indicatore per la sua scheda."
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "I relitti storici europei provengono da EMODnet Human Activities; i relitti noti di tutto il mondo da Wikidata. Il colore indica quando la nave è affondata; l'indicatore cresce con il numero di vittime. Fai clic su un indicatore per la sua scheda.",
+  "All years": "Tutti gli anni",
+  "Period": "Periodo",
+  "From": "Dal",
+  "To": "Al",
+  "First year of the shipwreck period": "Primo anno del periodo dei naufragi",
+  "Last year of the shipwreck period": "Ultimo anno del periodo dei naufragi"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index 4a1edfb44..f1a5b6b54 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -3059,5 +3059,11 @@
   "Fatalities: {count}": "死者: {count}",
   "Survivors: {count}": "生存者: {count}",
   "Click the card to open the article ↗": "カードをクリックして記事を開く ↗",
-  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "欧州の歴史的な難破船はEMODnet Human Activities、世界の著名な難破船はWikidataによります。色は沈没した時期を示し、マーカーは死者数に応じて大きくなります。マーカーをクリックするとカードが開きます。"
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "欧州の歴史的な難破船はEMODnet Human Activities、世界の著名な難破船はWikidataによります。色は沈没した時期を示し、マーカーは死者数に応じて大きくなります。マーカーをクリックするとカードが開きます。",
+  "All years": "全期間",
+  "Period": "期間",
+  "From": "開始",
+  "To": "終了",
+  "First year of the shipwreck period": "難破の期間の開始年",
+  "Last year of the shipwreck period": "難破の期間の終了年"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index 1c9b46418..73daed8c6 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -3211,5 +3211,11 @@
   "Fatalities: {count}": "Mortos: {count}",
   "Survivors: {count}": "Sobreviventes: {count}",
   "Click the card to open the article ↗": "Clique na ficha para abrir o artigo ↗",
-  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "Os naufrágios históricos europeus vêm do EMODnet Human Activities; os naufrágios notáveis do mundo vêm do Wikidata. A cor mostra quando o navio afundou; o marcador cresce com o número de mortos. Clique num marcador para ver a ficha."
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "Os naufrágios históricos europeus vêm do EMODnet Human Activities; os naufrágios notáveis do mundo vêm do Wikidata. A cor mostra quando o navio afundou; o marcador cresce com o número de mortos. Clique num marcador para ver a ficha.",
+  "All years": "Todos os anos",
+  "Period": "Período",
+  "From": "Início",
+  "To": "Fim",
+  "First year of the shipwreck period": "Primeiro ano do período dos naufrágios",
+  "Last year of the shipwreck period": "Último ano do período dos naufrágios"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index 1d4dbce42..bea9bea8f 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -3287,5 +3287,11 @@
   "Fatalities: {count}": "Погибших: {count}",
   "Survivors: {count}": "Выживших: {count}",
   "Click the card to open the article ↗": "Нажмите на карточку, чтобы открыть статью ↗",
-  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "Исторические затонувшие суда Европы — из EMODnet Human Activities, известные кораблекрушения по всему миру — из Wikidata. Цвет показывает, когда судно затонуло; маркер растёт с числом погибших. Нажмите на маркер, чтобы открыть карточку."
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "Исторические затонувшие суда Европы — из EMODnet Human Activities, известные кораблекрушения по всему миру — из Wikidata. Цвет показывает, когда судно затонуло; маркер растёт с числом погибших. Нажмите на маркер, чтобы открыть карточку.",
+  "All years": "Все годы",
+  "Period": "Период",
+  "From": "С",
+  "To": "По",
+  "First year of the shipwreck period": "Первый год периода кораблекрушений",
+  "Last year of the shipwreck period": "Последний год периода кораблекрушений"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index d8b9296f0..0ee107b67 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -3287,5 +3287,11 @@
   "Fatalities: {count}": "Загиблих: {count}",
   "Survivors: {count}": "Тих, хто вижив: {count}",
   "Click the card to open the article ↗": "Натисніть картку, щоб відкрити статтю ↗",
-  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "Історичні затонулі судна Європи — з EMODnet Human Activities, відомі корабельні аварії світу — з Wikidata. Колір показує, коли судно затонуло; маркер збільшується з кількістю загиблих. Натисніть маркер, щоб відкрити картку."
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "Історичні затонулі судна Європи — з EMODnet Human Activities, відомі корабельні аварії світу — з Wikidata. Колір показує, коли судно затонуло; маркер збільшується з кількістю загиблих. Натисніть маркер, щоб відкрити картку.",
+  "All years": "Усі роки",
+  "Period": "Період",
+  "From": "З",
+  "To": "По",
+  "First year of the shipwreck period": "Перший рік періоду корабельних аварій",
+  "Last year of the shipwreck period": "Останній рік періоду корабельних аварій"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index 90684d7d5..dbdcd7c50 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -3059,5 +3059,11 @@
   "Fatalities: {count}": "遇难：{count}",
   "Survivors: {count}": "幸存者：{count}",
   "Click the card to open the article ↗": "点击卡片打开文章 ↗",
-  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "欧洲历史沉船来自 EMODnet Human Activities；全球知名沉船来自 Wikidata。颜色表示船只沉没的时期，标记大小随遇难人数增加。点击标记查看卡片。"
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "欧洲历史沉船来自 EMODnet Human Activities；全球知名沉船来自 Wikidata。颜色表示船只沉没的时期，标记大小随遇难人数增加。点击标记查看卡片。",
+  "All years": "所有年份",
+  "Period": "时段",
+  "From": "起",
+  "To": "止",
+  "First year of the shipwreck period": "沉船时段的起始年份",
+  "Last year of the shipwreck period": "沉船时段的结束年份"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index b1cbd78b3..4033310d7 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -3059,5 +3059,11 @@
   "Fatalities: {count}": "罹難：{count}",
   "Survivors: {count}": "倖存者：{count}",
   "Click the card to open the article ↗": "點擊卡片開啟文章 ↗",
-  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "歐洲歷史沉船來自 EMODnet Human Activities；全球知名沉船來自 Wikidata。顏色表示船隻沉沒的時期，標記大小隨罹難人數增加。點擊標記查看卡片。"
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "歐洲歷史沉船來自 EMODnet Human Activities；全球知名沉船來自 Wikidata。顏色表示船隻沉沒的時期，標記大小隨罹難人數增加。點擊標記查看卡片。",
+  "All years": "所有年份",
+  "Period": "時段",
+  "From": "起",
+  "To": "迄",
+  "First year of the shipwreck period": "沉船時段的起始年份",
+  "Last year of the shipwreck period": "沉船時段的結束年份"
 }
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js
index 4e9c2a1ff..ec7b54245 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js
@@ -19,15 +19,3 @@ export function eraOf(record) {
   if (year <= 1945) return '1900-1945';
   return 'after-1945';
 }
-
-/**
- * Normalize a requested set of eras; unknown names are ignored and an empty
- * or missing request keeps the current set.
- * @param {unknown} value Array of era ids.
- * @param {Set<string>} current
- * @returns {Set<string>}
- */
-export function normalizeEras(value, current) {
-  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return new Set(current);
-  return new Set(value.filter((era) => SHIPWRECK_ERAS.includes(era)));
-}
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.test.mjs b/src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.test.mjs
index 3891d60e7..41de855e8 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.test.mjs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
-import { SHIPWRECK_ERAS, eraOf, normalizeEras } from './eras.js';
+import { eraOf } from './eras.js';
 
 test('each wreck falls in one era', () => {
   assert.equal(eraOf({ year: 1588 }), 'before-1900');
@@ -11,13 +11,3 @@ test('each wreck falls in one era', () => {
   assert.equal(eraOf({ year: null }), 'undated');
   assert.equal(eraOf(null), 'undated');
 });
-
-test('era requests keep known eras only', () => {
-  const all = new Set(SHIPWRECK_ERAS);
-  assert.deepEqual(
-    [...normalizeEras(['after-1945', 'bogus'], all)],
-    ['after-1945'],
-  );
-  assert.deepEqual([...normalizeEras('after-1945', all)], SHIPWRECK_ERAS);
-  assert.deepEqual([...normalizeEras([], all)], []);
-});
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
index 05c2c64a4..ad8f53ae9 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
@@ -2,10 +2,17 @@ import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
 import { formatNumber, msg, t, tn } from '../../i18n/index.js';
 import { createHorizonCull } from '../streetLevel/view.js';
 import { ERA_COLORS, ERA_LABELS, describeShipwreck } from './cards.js';
-import { SHIPWRECK_ERAS, eraOf, normalizeEras } from './eras.js';
+import { SHIPWRECK_ERAS, eraOf } from './eras.js';
+import {
+  inPeriod,
+  normalizePeriod,
+  periodRange,
+  yearExtent,
+} from './period.js';
 export * from './records.js';
 export * from './cards.js';
 export * from './eras.js';
+export * from './period.js';
 export { createShipwrecksSource } from './source.js';
 
 export const SHIPWRECKS_LAYER_ID = 'shipwrecks';
@@ -28,13 +35,14 @@ export function markerPixelSize(casualties) {
 
 /**
  * A round marker in the era's colour with a sinking hull and mast in the
- * middle, as an SVG data URL.
+ * middle, as an SVG data URL. It is rasterized at 144 px, four times the
+ * largest marker, so big markers stay sharp on high-density screens.
  * @param {string} color CSS colour.
  * @returns {string}
  */
 export function wreckMarkerImage(color) {
   const svg =
-    `<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="36" height="36" viewBox="0 0 36 36">` +
+    `<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="144" height="144" viewBox="0 0 36 36">` +
     `<circle cx="18" cy="18" r="16" fill="${color}" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="2"/>` +
     `<path d="M8 21h20l-3.5 5h-13z" fill="#0b1420"/>` +
     `<path d="M17 8v12M17 9l6 7h-6" fill="none" stroke="#0b1420" stroke-width="2.2" stroke-linejoin="round"/>` +
@@ -69,7 +77,9 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
   let _selectedId = null;
   let _selectedCardId = null;
   let _selectedLink = null;
-  let _eras = new Set(SHIPWRECK_ERAS);
+  let _period = { from: null, to: null };
+  let _extent = null;
+  let _range = null;
   const _images = Object.fromEntries(
     SHIPWRECK_ERAS.map((era) => [era, wreckMarkerImage(ERA_COLORS[era])]),
   );
@@ -86,16 +96,16 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
     onChange: render,
   });
 
-  /** Shown: its era chip is on. */
+  /** Shown: its year is inside the period (undated ones only for all years). */
   function visible(record) {
-    return Boolean(record) && _eras.has(eraOf(record));
+    return Boolean(record) && inPeriod(record, _range);
   }
 
   function applyPin(pin) {
     pin.entity.show = pin.inFront && visible(pin.record);
   }
 
-  /** Re-apply the era chips to every marker and the open card. */
+  /** Re-apply the period to every marker and the open card. */
   function applyFilter() {
     for (const pin of _pins) applyPin(pin);
     if (_selectedId && !visible(_records.get(_selectedId))) clearSelection();
@@ -105,6 +115,8 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
 
   function rebuild(records) {
     _records = new Map(records.map((record) => [record.id, record]));
+    _extent = yearExtent(records);
+    _range = periodRange(_period, _extent);
     _pins = [];
     if (!_dataSource) return;
     _dataSource.entities.suspendEvents();
@@ -257,18 +269,46 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
     picking?.unregisterPickOwner?.(SHIPWRECKS_LAYER_ID);
   }
 
-  function toggleEra(era) {
-    if (_eras.has(era)) _eras.delete(era);
-    else _eras.add(era);
-    applyFilter();
-  }
-
   function countOf(era) {
     let count = 0;
-    for (const record of _records.values()) if (eraOf(record) === era) count++;
+    for (const record of _records.values())
+      if (eraOf(record) === era && inPeriod(record, _range)) count++;
     return count;
   }
 
+  /** The start and end year pickers, side by side, as on Air accidents. */
+  function periodControls() {
+    if (!_extent || _extent.min === _extent.max) return {};
+    const range = periodRange(_period, _extent);
+    const valueText = range.all
+      ? t('All years')
+      : range.from === range.to
+        ? String(range.from)
+        : `${range.from}–${range.to}`;
+    const options = [];
+    for (let year = _extent.max; year >= _extent.min; year--)
+      options.push({ value: year, label: String(year) });
+    return {
+      range: {
+        id: 'period',
+        label: t('Period'),
+        valueText,
+        from: {
+          label: t('From'),
+          ariaLabel: t('First year of the shipwreck period'),
+          value: range.from,
+        },
+        to: {
+          label: t('To'),
+          ariaLabel: t('Last year of the shipwreck period'),
+          value: range.to,
+        },
+        options,
+        params: (end, value) => ({ [end]: Number(value) }),
+      },
+    };
+  }
+
   const layer = {
     id: SHIPWRECKS_LAYER_ID,
     name: 'Shipwrecks',
@@ -347,17 +387,16 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
       _rowListener = null;
     },
 
-    /** The era filter: `eras` lists the era chips that are on. */
+    /** The period filter: `from` and `to` are years (null = oldest / latest in the data). */
     getParams() {
-      return { eras: SHIPWRECK_ERAS.filter((era) => _eras.has(era)) };
+      return { ..._period };
     },
 
     setParams(params = {}) {
-      if (!('eras' in params)) return true;
-      const next = normalizeEras(params.eras, _eras);
-      if (next.size === _eras.size && [...next].every((era) => _eras.has(era)))
-        return true;
-      _eras = next;
+      const next = normalizePeriod(params, _period);
+      if (next.from === _period.from && next.to === _period.to) return true;
+      _period = next;
+      _range = periodRange(_period, _extent);
       applyFilter();
       return true;
     },
@@ -368,17 +407,16 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
 
     getRowControls() {
       return {
-        chips: SHIPWRECK_ERAS.map((era) => ({
-          id: era,
-          label: t(ERA_LABELS[era]),
-          active: _eras.has(era),
+        chips: [],
+        ...periodControls(),
+        // The colours are a legend: when the ship sank.
+        legend: SHIPWRECK_ERAS.map((era) => ({
+          text: t(ERA_LABELS[era]),
           color: ERA_COLORS[era],
-          title: tn(countOf(era), '{count} wreck', '{count} wrecks', {
+          blurb: tn(countOf(era), '{count} wreck', '{count} wrecks', {
             count: formatNumber(countOf(era)),
           }),
-          onClick: () => toggleEra(era),
         })),
-        legend: [],
         info: t('EMODnet (European waters) · Wikidata (worldwide)'),
         infoTitle: t(
           'European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.',
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/period.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/period.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f0cfa26e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/period.js
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/**
+ * The sinking year, or null when it is unknown (ancient wrecks dated only by
+ * period, "C1st AD", have none).
+ */
+export function recordYear(record) {
+  return Number.isInteger(record?.year) ? record.year : null;
+}
+
+/** First and last year present in the records (null when none is dated). */
+export function yearExtent(records) {
+  let min = Infinity;
+  let max = -Infinity;
+  for (const record of records) {
+    const year = recordYear(record);
+    if (year === null) continue;
+    if (year < min) min = year;
+    if (year > max) max = year;
+  }
+  return Number.isFinite(min) ? { min, max } : null;
+}
+
+function yearParam(value) {
+  if (value === null) return null;
+  const year =
+    typeof value === 'string' && /^-?\d+$/.test(value) ? Number(value) : value;
+  return Number.isInteger(year) && Math.abs(year) < 10000 ? year : undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Merge a (partial) period request into the current one. `from: null` means
+ * the first year in the data and `to: null` the latest; an invalid year keeps
+ * the current one.
+ * @param {{from?: number|string|null, to?: number|string|null}} params
+ * @param {{from: number|null, to: number|null}} current
+ * @returns {{from: number|null, to: number|null}}
+ */
+export function normalizePeriod(
+  params = {},
+  current = { from: null, to: null },
+) {
+  const next = { ...current };
+  for (const end of ['from', 'to']) {
+    if (!(end in params)) continue;
+    const year = yearParam(params[end]);
+    if (year !== undefined) next[end] = year;
+  }
+  return next;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The inclusive year range a period covers over the data's extent. Years are
+ * clamped to the data, and a start after the end is read as the reverse.
+ * @returns {{from: number, to: number, all: boolean}|null}
+ */
+export function periodRange(period, extent) {
+  if (!extent) return null;
+  const clamp = (year, fallback) =>
+    Math.min(extent.max, Math.max(extent.min, year ?? fallback));
+  const start = clamp(period.from, extent.min);
+  const end = clamp(period.to, extent.max);
+  const from = Math.min(start, end);
+  const to = Math.max(start, end);
+  return { from, to, all: from === extent.min && to === extent.max };
+}
+
+/** Whether a record falls in the range; undated records only when all years show. */
+export function inPeriod(record, range) {
+  if (!range || range.all) return true;
+  const year = recordYear(record);
+  return year !== null && year >= range.from && year <= range.to;
+}
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/period.test.mjs b/src/layers/shipwrecks/period.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7839a2840
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/period.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import {
+  inPeriod,
+  normalizePeriod,
+  periodRange,
+  recordYear,
+  yearExtent,
+} from './period.js';
+
+const RECORDS = [
+  { year: 1588 },
+  { year: 1912 },
+  { year: 2012 },
+  { year: null, ancient: true },
+];
+
+test('years come from the record; the extent ignores undated wrecks', () => {
+  assert.equal(recordYear(RECORDS[1]), 1912);
+  assert.equal(recordYear(RECORDS[3]), null);
+  assert.deepEqual(yearExtent(RECORDS), { min: 1588, max: 2012 });
+  assert.equal(yearExtent([{ year: null }]), null);
+});
+
+test('all years show every wreck; a narrower period hides undated ones', () => {
+  const extent = yearExtent(RECORDS);
+  const all = periodRange({ from: null, to: null }, extent);
+  assert.deepEqual(all, { from: 1588, to: 2012, all: true });
+  assert.ok(RECORDS.every((record) => inPeriod(record, all)));
+  const wars = periodRange(normalizePeriod({ from: '1914', to: 1945 }), extent);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    RECORDS.map((record) => inPeriod(record, wars)),
+    [false, false, false, false],
+  );
+  const reversed = periodRange({ from: 1950, to: 1900 }, extent);
+  assert.deepEqual(reversed, { from: 1900, to: 1950, all: false });
+  assert.equal(inPeriod(RECORDS[1], reversed), true);
+});
diff --git a/src/ui/layerPanel.js b/src/ui/layerPanel.js
index 4c16b047c..ea62ef39b 100644
--- a/src/ui/layerPanel.js
+++ b/src/ui/layerPanel.js
@@ -445,6 +445,8 @@ export class LayerPanel {
             this._selectListItem(layerId, itemId, generation),
           onSlider: (layerId, sliderId, value) =>
             this._moveSlider(layerId, sliderId, value, generation),
+          onRange: (layerId, rangeId, end, value) =>
+            this._pickRangeEnd(layerId, rangeId, end, value, generation),
         }),
         id === null ? this._toggleContainer : this._groupContainers.get(id),
       );
@@ -474,7 +476,7 @@ export class LayerPanel {
   }
 
   /**
-   * A layer's row chips, one-of-many switch, slider, color legend, info line
+   * A layer's row chips, one-of-many switch, slider, start/end pickers, color legend, info line
    * and ordered list. The block
    * is hidden while the layer is off (or while a dependency owner has
    * surrendered it), so a quiet row stays quiet. Chips and list items are
@@ -501,6 +503,7 @@ export class LayerPanel {
     const infoText = controls?.info ? String(controls.info) : '';
     const segmented = controls?.segmented || null;
     const slider = controls?.slider || null;
+    const range = controls?.range || null;
     // The info line, once shown, stays in place and hides when empty.
     if (infoText) row.info = true;
     return {
@@ -509,10 +512,12 @@ export class LayerPanel {
         legend.length === 0 &&
         !infoText &&
         !segmented &&
-        !slider,
+        !slider &&
+        !range,
       chips,
       segmented,
       slider,
+      range,
       legend,
       info: row.info
         ? { text: infoText, title: controls?.infoTitle || '' }
@@ -577,6 +582,20 @@ export class LayerPanel {
     this.setLayerParams(id, slider.params(value), { origin: 'user' });
   }
 
+  _pickRangeEnd(id, rangeId, end, value, generation = this._generation) {
+    if (this._destroyed || this._generation !== generation) return;
+    const range = this._rowControlsFor(id)?.range;
+    if (
+      !range ||
+      range.id !== rangeId ||
+      (end !== 'from' && end !== 'to') ||
+      typeof range.params !== 'function' ||
+      !this.isEnabled(id)
+    )
+      return;
+    this.setLayerParams(id, range.params(end, value), { origin: 'user' });
+  }
+
   _selectListItem(id, itemId, generation = this._generation) {
     if (this._destroyed || this._generation !== generation) return;
     const item = this._rowControlsFor(id)?.list?.items?.find(
diff --git a/src/ui/layerPanel/LayerRows.vue b/src/ui/layerPanel/LayerRows.vue
index 5f5d7c97e..81e2f31ed 100644
--- a/src/ui/layerPanel/LayerRows.vue
+++ b/src/ui/layerPanel/LayerRows.vue
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 <script setup>
 import RailChips from '../rail/RailChips.vue';
 import RailRowList from '../rail/RailRowList.vue';
+import RowRange from './RowRange.vue';
 import RowSlider from './RowSlider.vue';
 import RowSwitch from './RowSwitch.vue';
 import RowText from './RowText.vue';
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ defineProps({
   onChip: { type: Function, default: () => {} },
   onListItem: { type: Function, default: () => {} },
   onSlider: { type: Function, default: () => {} },
+  onRange: { type: Function, default: () => {} },
 });
 </script>
 
@@ -68,6 +70,13 @@ defineProps({
             :on-input="
               (value) => onSlider(item.id, item.controls.slider.id, value)
             "
+          /><RowRange
+            v-if="item.controls.range"
+            :range="item.controls.range"
+            :on-select="
+              (end, value) =>
+                onRange(item.id, item.controls.range.id, end, value)
+            "
           /><span
             v-for="(entry, index) in item.controls.legend"
             :key="index"
diff --git a/src/ui/layerPanel/RowRange.vue b/src/ui/layerPanel/RowRange.vue
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2843f7103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/layerPanel/RowRange.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<script setup>
+// A row's start and end pickers on one line (e.g. the Air Accidents period).
+// Both ends share one option list; `onSelect` reports which end moved
+// ('from' or 'to') and the chosen option value.
+defineProps({
+  range: { type: Object, required: true },
+  onSelect: { type: Function, default: () => {} },
+});
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <div class="data-toggle-range" :data-range-id="range.id"
+    ><div class="data-toggle-slider-head"
+      ><span class="data-toggle-slider-label">{{ range.label }}</span
+      ><span class="data-toggle-slider-value gev-slider-value">{{
+        range.valueText
+      }}</span></div
+    ><div class="data-toggle-range-ends"
+      ><label
+        v-for="end in ['from', 'to']"
+        :key="end"
+        class="data-toggle-range-end"
+        ><span class="data-toggle-range-caption">{{ range[end].label }}</span
+        ><select
+          class="data-toggle-range-select"
+          :data-range-end="end"
+          :aria-label="range[end].ariaLabel || undefined"
+          :value="String(range[end].value)"
+          @change="onSelect(end, $event.target.value)"
+          ><option
+            v-for="option in range.options"
+            :key="option.value"
+            :value="String(option.value)"
+            >{{ option.label }}</option
+          ></select
+        ></label
+      ></div
+    ></div
+  >
+</template>
diff --git a/src/ui/layerPanel/layerRows.test.mjs b/src/ui/layerPanel/layerRows.test.mjs
index 966c41cb6..b0ccb178e 100644
--- a/src/ui/layerPanel/layerRows.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/layerPanel/layerRows.test.mjs
@@ -159,3 +159,62 @@ test('a row switch and slider render their markup and report choices', () => {
   assert.equal(segments[1].classList.contains('active'), true);
   render(null, container);
 });
+
+test('a row range renders start and end pickers and reports which end moved', () => {
+  document.body.replaceChildren();
+  const container = document.body.appendChild(document.createElement('div'));
+  const picks = [];
+  const item = {
+    ...row(false),
+    key: 'air-accidents',
+    id: 'air-accidents',
+    controls: {
+      hidden: false,
+      chips: [],
+      segmented: null,
+      slider: null,
+      range: {
+        id: 'period',
+        label: 'Period',
+        valueText: '2010–2024',
+        from: { label: 'From', ariaLabel: 'First year', value: 2010 },
+        to: { label: 'To', ariaLabel: 'Last year', value: 2024 },
+        options: [2024, 2010, 2007].map((year) => ({
+          value: year,
+          label: String(year),
+        })),
+      },
+      legend: [],
+      info: null,
+      list: null,
+    },
+  };
+  render(
+    h(LayerRows, {
+      items: [item],
+      onRange: (id, rangeId, end, value) =>
+        picks.push([id, rangeId, end, value]),
+    }),
+    container,
+  );
+  const block = container.querySelector('.data-toggle-range');
+  assert.equal(block.dataset.rangeId, 'period');
+  assert.equal(
+    block.querySelector('.data-toggle-slider-value').textContent,
+    '2010–2024',
+  );
+  const [from, to] = block.querySelectorAll('select.data-toggle-range-select');
+  assert.equal(from.getAttribute('aria-label'), 'First year');
+  assert.equal(from.value, '2010');
+  assert.equal(to.value, '2024');
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [...block.querySelectorAll('.data-toggle-range-caption')].map(
+      (caption) => caption.textContent,
+    ),
+    ['From', 'To'],
+  );
+  to.value = '2007';
+  to.dispatchEvent(new Event('change', { bubbles: true }));
+  assert.deepEqual(picks, [['air-accidents', 'period', 'to', '2007']]);
+  render(null, container);
+});
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/radio.css b/src/ui/styles/radio.css
index 91611bf4a..b69c18024 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/radio.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/radio.css
@@ -1067,6 +1067,43 @@ html:not([lang='en']) .data-row-list-text {
   letter-spacing: 0.8px;
 }
 
+/* Optional start and end pickers on one line (Air Accidents period). The
+   shared field style paints each select. */
+.data-toggle-range {
+  flex-basis: 100%;
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 4px;
+  padding-top: 2px;
+}
+
+.data-toggle-range-ends {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
+  gap: 8px;
+}
+
+.data-toggle-range-end {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+.data-toggle-range-caption {
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 8px;
+  letter-spacing: 1.2px;
+  color: var(--text-dim);
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+}
+
+.data-toggle-range-select {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-width: 0;
+  min-height: 24px;
+  font: 10px/1 var(--font-mono);
+}
+
 /* Optional per-layer quantitative slider (Active Fires minimum FRP). The
    track is painted by the layer (`--slider-track`, a stepped color ramp), so
    the slider doubles as the marker legend; ticks sit under their thresholds. */

From 1199fe05c7d5fda1f9ba06d8646408516674fe6a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Itallo=20Brand=C3=A3o?=
 <45429643+IMBrandao@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 04:55:16 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 029/181] fix(shipwrecks): give the era legend its labels and
 counts

The panel reads legend entries as label and count; the layer sent text, so each entry showed 'undefined'.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
index ad8f53ae9..21fbb11ed 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
@@ -411,7 +411,8 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
         ...periodControls(),
         // The colours are a legend: when the ship sank.
         legend: SHIPWRECK_ERAS.map((era) => ({
-          text: t(ERA_LABELS[era]),
+          label: t(ERA_LABELS[era]),
+          count: countOf(era),
           color: ERA_COLORS[era],
           blurb: tn(countOf(era), '{count} wreck', '{count} wrecks', {
             count: formatNumber(countOf(era)),

From 652f3c8ea110f3b583e9adfd542617b06808f39b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 12:53:17 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 030/181] Hide a vessel's detection callout while its own card
 paints

With Vessels and Detection on, a vessel with an ambient card on the map
also got its detection callout next to the bracket. The callout lane
paints beneath the cards, so its text showed through the card's plate
and covered the speed and course.

The callout now gives way only to a card the shared overlay actually
paints in the same frame. The overlay paints part of the published
cards (shared budget, collisions, UI chrome), so a vessel whose card
was dropped keeps its callout.

The detection lane paints before the cards publish their paint rects,
so getOverlayPaintRect has nothing for the current frame there. The new
isOverlayEntryQueued answers from the paint queue that the overlay
solves before painting. Vessel detection objects name their card in
cardSourceId/cardEntryId.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md              |  2 +-
 src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs   | 39 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/data/detection.js              | 24 +++++++++++-
 src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs    | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/vessels/queries.js      |  7 +++-
 src/overlays/worldOverlay.js       | 26 +++++++++++++
 src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs | 38 ++++++++++++++++++
 7 files changed, 194 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index f1244947d..370edcd7b 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5322,7 +5322,7 @@ silently demoting every later lookup for the session.
   Mission world text has no native `LabelGraphics`: overview launch markers publish at most 48 ambient candidates for a 24-winner budget, while selecting a mission clears that overview source and publishes its launch-site callout, stage re-entry annotations, live/estimated payload-position readout, and orbit annotation as protected selected-lane entries. The source retains the exact former strings and colors. Static anchors reuse the Cartesian values used to build their mission geometry; the moving payload entry reads the layer's per-frame live-position cache; catalog-backed orbit annotation positions are cached in the same one-second matrix update that realigns the orbit primitive. Keyhole edge fade, horizon culling, final collision placement, and UI exclusion are owned by the shared host. Deselect restores the bounded overview, and refresh, disable, and destroy replace or clear both mission sources.
   A selected mission renders its orbit as four repeating tactical sectors, each containing one prominent cyan dot followed by one hundred thin translucent dashes. The bright dots act as orbit anchors while the subdued dash field remains depth-tested against the globe and is shown only for the selected mission.
   Close selected-pad views add one static 500 m-radius cyan launch-zone ring with a low-opacity translucent fill over the sampled photoreal launch-site surface. The single scene primitive is created only for the visible selected site and is otherwise dormant. It appears during Focus, sufficiently close manual zoom, and the replay countdown, but is suppressed above 120 km camera altitude, beyond 180 km direct camera-to-pad range, for unselected missions, and whenever Space Missions is inactive. Focus establishes a launch-site-centered camera transform once; subsequent manual heading and pitch changes remain centered on that site without an automated per-frame correction. Surface mission markers and labels use an additional conservative globe-limb margin before the exact ellipsoid occluder boundary, preventing near-horizon visibility from alternating between frames.
-- **AIS vessels**: chevron symbology (naval cyan base, type tints), world-space headings, MMSI-keyed reconciliation (selection survives refreshes; pinned 3 refreshes with STALE marker when absent), detection-overlay integration (`type: 'SEA'`), contextStore registration for voice Q&A. Empty-space clicks, id-less photorealistic-tile picks, and Escape dismiss the vessel card/HUD/context and clear its trail; picks owned by another layer (including `gev-trail:*`) and raw vessel-record picks without a live MMSI key are no-ops for vessel selection. Click and key handlers detach while the layer is disabled and reinstall on enable. Selecting another vessel replaces the selection and trail, and reconciliation clears a trail if its owning vessel is evicted.
+- **AIS vessels**: chevron symbology (naval cyan base, type tints), world-space headings, MMSI-keyed reconciliation (selection survives refreshes; pinned 3 refreshes with STALE marker when absent), detection-overlay integration (`type: 'SEA'`; a vessel whose ambient card the shared host paints in the current frame draws no detection callout, because the callout would show through the card's plate, while a vessel whose card was published but not painted (shared budget, collisions, UI chrome) keeps its callout — its detectable object names the card in `cardSourceId`/`cardEntryId`, and the callout lane asks `isOverlayEntryQueued` in `src/overlays/worldOverlay.js`, which answers from the solved paint queue because the detection lane paints before the cards publish their paint rects), contextStore registration for voice Q&A. Empty-space clicks, id-less photorealistic-tile picks, and Escape dismiss the vessel card/HUD/context and clear its trail; picks owned by another layer (including `gev-trail:*`) and raw vessel-record picks without a live MMSI key are no-ops for vessel selection. Click and key handlers detach while the layer is disabled and reinstall on enable. Selecting another vessel replaces the selection and trail, and reconciliation clears a trail if its owning vessel is evicted.
 - **Track trails**: server accumulates per-MMSI ring buffers (`/api/vessels/track?mmsi=`, Float32+Uint32, 64 samples, 30s/25m thinning); aircraft backfill proxies `/api/flights/track` (OAuth, own credit bucket). Military aircraft keep only their locally accumulated trails: `/api/military/track` validates the hex, then answers `503 history_unavailable` without an upstream request.
 - Shared `src/data/pickRegistry.js` stops the two flight layers' click handlers from fighting over the camera.
 
diff --git a/src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs b/src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs
index 8e12bff94..edb3505f2 100644
--- a/src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs
@@ -1786,3 +1786,42 @@ test('vessel focus wire skips hidden sprites at rest while a target is tracked',
   assert.equal(result.activeCount, 1);
   for (const billboard of hidden) assert.equal(billboard.color.alpha, 1);
 });
+
+test('detection objects name the vessel card their callout gives way to', () => {
+  const vessel = (mmsi, name) => ({
+    name,
+    mmsi,
+    type: 'Cargo',
+    destination: '',
+    speed: 9.5,
+    course: 80,
+    heading: 80,
+    lastPositionUtc: '',
+    missedRefreshes: 0,
+    position: POS,
+    billboard: null,
+  });
+  const keyed = vessel('200', 'GOLDEN BEAR');
+  const unkeyed = { ...vessel('', 'NO MMSI'), lat: 37.8, lon: -122.4 };
+  _setVesselStateForTest({
+    viewer: {},
+    records: [keyed, unkeyed],
+    billboardCollection: { show: true, remove() {} },
+  });
+  try {
+    const objects = Object.fromEntries(
+      aisLiveVesselsLayer
+        .getDetectableObjects()
+        .map((object) => [object.id, object]),
+    );
+    assert.equal(objects['GOLDEN BEAR'].cardSourceId, 'ais-live-vessels');
+    assert.equal(objects['GOLDEN BEAR'].cardEntryId, 'vessel:200');
+    assert.equal(
+      objects['NO MMSI'].cardEntryId,
+      'vessel:unkeyed:NO MMSI:37.80000:-122.40000',
+      'the same identity the vessel card is published under',
+    );
+  } finally {
+    _setVesselStateForTest({ enabled: false });
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/data/detection.js b/src/data/detection.js
index 36ed6372e..8ea124649 100644
--- a/src/data/detection.js
+++ b/src/data/detection.js
@@ -21,7 +21,10 @@ import {
   getKeyholeFadeTuning,
   keyholeLabelAlphaFromGeometry,
 } from '../celestialRing.js';
-import { registerWorldOverlayPaintLane } from '../overlays/worldOverlay.js';
+import {
+  isOverlayEntryQueued,
+  registerWorldOverlayPaintLane,
+} from '../overlays/worldOverlay.js';
 import {
   DETECTION_STYLE,
   DETECTION_THEME_MAP,
@@ -576,6 +579,7 @@ export function getDetectionDiagnostics() {
   // sprites/strokes. Nothing is copied on the production paint path.
   result.calloutRects = _calloutPool
     .slice(0, _calloutCount)
+    .filter((row) => !row.yielded)
     .map(({ x, y, w, h, alpha }) => ({ x, y, w, h, alpha }));
   return result;
 }
@@ -1077,6 +1081,9 @@ function _stashCallout(entry, acquireFade, keyhole) {
       font: FONT,
       microFont: MICRO_FONT,
       alpha: 1,
+      cardSourceId: '',
+      cardEntryId: '',
+      yielded: false,
     };
     _calloutPool[_calloutCount] = row;
   }
@@ -1103,6 +1110,9 @@ function _stashCallout(entry, acquireFade, keyhole) {
   row.font = FONT;
   row.microFont = MICRO_FONT;
   row.alpha = alpha;
+  row.cardSourceId = candidate.cardSourceId;
+  row.cardEntryId = candidate.cardEntryId;
+  row.yielded = false;
   _calloutCount++;
 }
 
@@ -1134,7 +1144,15 @@ function _paintCalloutLane(frame) {
   ctx.textBaseline = 'alphabetic';
   for (let i = 0; i < _calloutCount; i++) {
     const row = _calloutPool[i];
-    paintDetectionCallout(ctx, row, row.alpha);
+    // The contact's own card (an ambient vessel card) already names it, and
+    // this callout would show through the card's plate. Checked every frame
+    // against the cards queued for THIS frame: the host paints only part of
+    // the published cards, and a contact whose card did not paint keeps its
+    // callout.
+    row.yielded =
+      row.cardEntryId !== '' &&
+      isOverlayEntryQueued(row.cardSourceId, row.cardEntryId);
+    if (!row.yielded) paintDetectionCallout(ctx, row, row.alpha);
   }
   ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
 }
@@ -1211,6 +1229,8 @@ function _materializeCandidate(
     primary,
     micro,
     hasMicro: card.hasMicro,
+    cardSourceId: obj.cardSourceId ? String(obj.cardSourceId) : '',
+    cardEntryId: obj.cardEntryId ? String(obj.cardEntryId) : '',
   };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs b/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs
index f8858d602..7bcb9300e 100644
--- a/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs
@@ -19,9 +19,11 @@ import {
   suspendDetection,
 } from './detection.js';
 import {
+  clearOverlaySource,
   destroyWorldOverlay,
   initWorldOverlay,
   setOverlayEntries,
+  setOverlaySourceVisible,
 } from '../overlays/worldOverlay.js';
 import { DETECTION_THEME_MAP } from '../overlays/worldOverlayTokens.js';
 import {
@@ -579,6 +581,66 @@ test('every style paints its OWN plate token through the production callout path
   }
 });
 
+test('a callout gives way to its contact\'s own card only while that card paints', () => {
+  // A vessel's ambient card already shows its name, speed and course, and the
+  // callout drawn beneath it shows through the card's plate. The host paints
+  // only part of the published cards (shared budget, collisions, UI chrome),
+  // so a contact whose card was published but not painted keeps its callout.
+  const env = installEnvironment({ width: 900, height: 600, dpr: 1 });
+  try {
+    const ships = [
+      { x: -0.3, sourceId: 'carded', id: 'SHIP-CARDED', card: 'vessel:carded' },
+      { x: 0.3, sourceId: 'dropped', id: 'SHIP-DROPPED', card: 'vessel:dropped' },
+    ].map(({ x, sourceId, id, card }) => ({
+      position: new Cesium.Cartesian3(x, 0, 6_356_752),
+      sourceId,
+      id,
+      metric: '6 kn',
+      type: 'SEA',
+      cardSourceId: card === 'vessel:carded' ? 'vessel-cards' : 'dropped-cards',
+      cardEntryId: card,
+    }));
+    initWorldOverlay(env.viewer);
+    initDetection(env.viewer, [{ id: 'ais-live-vessels', getDetectableObjects: () => ships }], () => {});
+    const card = (id, title, x) => ({
+      id,
+      position: new Cesium.Cartesian3(x, 0, 6_356_752),
+      variant: 'label',
+      title,
+      selected: true,
+      protected: true,
+      horizonCull: false,
+      edgeFade: 'none',
+    });
+    setOverlayEntries('vessel-cards', [card('vessel:carded', 'CARD-CARDED', -0.3)]);
+    // Published, but the host does not paint it this frame.
+    setOverlayEntries('dropped-cards', [card('vessel:dropped', 'CARD-DROPPED', 0.3)]);
+    setOverlaySourceVisible('dropped-cards', false);
+    setMode('DENSE');
+    settleFrame(env);
+    env.ctx.calls.length = 0;
+    settleFrame(env);
+
+    const painted = (text) => env.ctx.calls.some(([name, value]) => name === 'fillText' && value === text);
+    assert.ok(painted('CARD-CARDED'), 'the fixture card reached the frame');
+    assert.ok(!painted('CARD-DROPPED'), 'the hidden source paints no card');
+    assert.ok(!painted('SHIP-CARDED'), 'no callout under the painted card');
+    assert.ok(painted('SHIP-DROPPED'), 'the contact whose card did not paint keeps its callout');
+    assert.equal(getDetectionDiagnostics().calloutRects.length, 1,
+      'only the callout that painted is reported');
+
+    // The card leaves the host: the callout comes back on the next frame.
+    clearOverlaySource('vessel-cards');
+    env.ctx.calls.length = 0;
+    settleFrame(env);
+    assert.ok(painted('SHIP-CARDED'), 'the callout returns once its card stops painting');
+  } finally {
+    destroyDetection();
+    destroyWorldOverlay();
+    env.cleanup();
+  }
+});
+
 test('space-tier callouts take the heavier plate while air contacts keep the light one', () => {
   // Satellites sit over the high-albedo lit Earth disc far more often than
   // aircraft do, so the space tier carries the heavier backing. Losing the
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/queries.js b/src/layers/vessels/queries.js
index c848acc2d..7b2b66825 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/queries.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/queries.js
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import {
   REFRESH_MS,
   FOCUS_EVIDENCE_DEV,
 } from './policy.js';
+import { VESSEL_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID } from '../../data/vesselLabels.js';
 
 export function createQueries({
   vesselState,
@@ -469,7 +470,7 @@ export function createQueries({
      * @param {Object} [options={}] - Options from the detection system.
      * @param {number} [options.maxCount] - Maximum objects to return (defaults to all).
      * @param {number} [options.seed] - Seed offset for stride sampling.
-     * @returns {Array<{position: Cesium.Cartesian3, id: string, type: string, skipLabel: boolean}>}
+     * @returns {Array<{position: Cesium.Cartesian3, id: string, type: string, skipLabel: boolean, cardSourceId: string, cardEntryId: string}>}
      */
     getDetectableObjects(options = {}) {
       if (
@@ -504,6 +505,10 @@ export function createQueries({
           id: record.name || record.mmsi || 'VESSEL',
           type: 'SEA',
           skipLabel: record === selected,
+          // The vessel's ambient card: while the overlay paints it, detection
+          // draws no callout under it.
+          cardSourceId: VESSEL_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+          cardEntryId: components.cards.vesselOverlayEntryId(record),
           klass: record.type
             ? String(record.type).toUpperCase().slice(0, 14)
             : undefined,
diff --git a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js
index 7b0b9d5fd..16699c548 100644
--- a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js
+++ b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js
@@ -1065,6 +1065,22 @@ export function getOverlayPaintRect(sourceId, entryId) {
   return rect && rect.key === key && rect.stamp === _frameStamp ? rect : null;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Whether an entry is queued to paint in the frame being painted. Custom lanes
+ * run before the host's own entries, so `getOverlayPaintRect` has nothing for
+ * this frame yet while they paint; this answers from the solved paint queue.
+ * @param {string} sourceId
+ * @param {string} entryId
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function isOverlayEntryQueued(sourceId, entryId) {
+  if (_destroyed) return false;
+  const record = _records.get(entryKey(String(sourceId), String(entryId)));
+  return (
+    !!record && record.queuedStamp === _frameStamp && record.queuedAlpha > 0.001
+  );
+}
+
 /**
  * Resolve the topmost interactive world-overlay entry at CSS-pixel coords.
  * @param {number} x
@@ -1737,6 +1753,8 @@ function getProjectionRecord(entry) {
       contentAlpha: 1,
       altitudeAlpha: 1,
       sourceAlpha: 1,
+      queuedStamp: 0,
+      queuedAlpha: 0,
       protectedPlacement: null,
       distanceOptions: {},
       altitudeOptions: {},
@@ -2254,6 +2272,14 @@ function addPaintItem(record, placement, temporalAlpha, selected) {
   item.zIndex = record.entry.zIndex;
   item.key = record.key;
   _paintQueue[_paintCount++] = item;
+  // Read by `isOverlayEntryQueued` while the custom lanes paint, before this
+  // item publishes its paint rect. Keyhole and sonar fades are left out.
+  record.queuedStamp = _frameStamp;
+  record.queuedAlpha =
+    record.sourceAlpha *
+    temporalAlpha *
+    record.distanceAlpha *
+    record.altitudeAlpha;
 }
 
 function sourceCanPaint(sourceId) {
diff --git a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs
index f2e608b78..a0b5160b6 100644
--- a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs
+++ b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import {
   activateWorldOverlayAction,
   initWorldOverlay,
   subscribeWorldOverlayActions,
+  isOverlayEntryQueued,
   isOverlayPointVisible,
   normalizeOverlayEntry,
   paintLaneForOverlayEntry,
@@ -1213,6 +1214,43 @@ test('custom detection lane receives the shared host frame and paints below ordi
   env.cleanup();
 });
 
+test('a detection lane sees which cards this frame will paint before they publish paint rects', () => {
+  // The detection lane paints first, so a card's paint rectangle for this
+  // frame does not exist yet when it runs. The queued check is what lets a
+  // contact's callout give way to that contact's own card in the same frame.
+  const env = installMockEnvironment({ width: 400, height: 300, dpr: 1 });
+  initWorldOverlay(env.viewer);
+  const seen = [];
+  registerWorldOverlayPaintLane('detection', () => {
+    seen.push({
+      shown: isOverlayEntryQueued('cards', 'SHOWN'),
+      hidden: isOverlayEntryQueued('hidden-cards', 'HIDDEN'),
+      unknown: isOverlayEntryQueued('cards', 'NOT-PUBLISHED'),
+      rect: getOverlayPaintRect('cards', 'SHOWN'),
+    });
+  }, { id: 'detection', active: true, target: 'detection' });
+  setOverlayEntries('cards', [selectedEntry('SHOWN', {
+    position: positionAtScreen(200, 150),
+  })]);
+  setOverlayEntries('hidden-cards', [selectedEntry('HIDDEN', {
+    position: positionAtScreen(100, 100),
+  })]);
+  setOverlaySourceVisible('hidden-cards', false);
+
+  env.postRender.raise();
+  assert.deepEqual(seen[0], { shown: true, hidden: false, unknown: false, rect: null },
+    'the card is queued while its paint rect is still unpublished');
+  assert.ok(getOverlayPaintRect('cards', 'SHOWN'), 'the card did paint after the lane');
+  assert.equal(getOverlayPaintRect('hidden-cards', 'HIDDEN'), null);
+
+  clearOverlaySource('cards');
+  env.postRender.raise();
+  assert.equal(seen[1].shown, false, 'a card cleared since the last frame is no longer queued');
+  destroyWorldOverlay();
+  assert.equal(isOverlayEntryQueued('cards', 'SHOWN'), false);
+  env.cleanup();
+});
+
 test('custom-lane painter state is bracketed by host save/restore', () => {
   // A painter that leaks a clip or alpha must not corrupt later frames: the
   // host wraps every custom-lane painter in save/try/finally-restore. Pin the

From 092e7e71a8cabcaa2ed1274f5f217a0e971e1bec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 12:54:11 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 031/181] Add the changelog entry for #1577

---
 changelog.d/1577-vessel-callout-under-card.md | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1577-vessel-callout-under-card.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1577-vessel-callout-under-card.md b/changelog.d/1577-vessel-callout-under-card.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..579d805b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1577-vessel-callout-under-card.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+- A vessel whose ambient card is on the map no longer gets a Detection callout
+  showing through the card and covering its speed and course. A vessel whose
+  card the overlay did not paint keeps its callout (German, @gekh, #1577).

From ee3466dff93152204238bd7f83bd456d850bef00 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 13:14:00 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 032/181] Keep the queued-card check off the per-frame
 allocation path

Writing a fractional alpha onto the overlay record for every paint item
boxed a heap number per item per frame. The allocation gate caught it:
the generic 60-entry workload went from 2,838 to 12,614 B/frame. The
record now keeps only the frame stamp and a pointer to its paint item,
and isOverlayEntryQueued multiplies the alphas when it is asked. The
gate is back to main's numbers on Node 24.
---
 src/overlays/worldOverlay.js | 19 +++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js
index 16699c548..726e766ee 100644
--- a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js
+++ b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js
@@ -1076,8 +1076,14 @@ export function getOverlayPaintRect(sourceId, entryId) {
 export function isOverlayEntryQueued(sourceId, entryId) {
   if (_destroyed) return false;
   const record = _records.get(entryKey(String(sourceId), String(entryId)));
+  if (!record || record.queuedStamp !== _frameStamp) return false;
+  // Same channels as the paint, minus the per-frame keyhole and sonar fades.
   return (
-    !!record && record.queuedStamp === _frameStamp && record.queuedAlpha > 0.001
+    record.sourceAlpha *
+      record.queuedItem.temporalAlpha *
+      record.distanceAlpha *
+      record.altitudeAlpha >
+    0.001
   );
 }
 
@@ -1754,7 +1760,7 @@ function getProjectionRecord(entry) {
       altitudeAlpha: 1,
       sourceAlpha: 1,
       queuedStamp: 0,
-      queuedAlpha: 0,
+      queuedItem: null,
       protectedPlacement: null,
       distanceOptions: {},
       altitudeOptions: {},
@@ -2273,13 +2279,10 @@ function addPaintItem(record, placement, temporalAlpha, selected) {
   item.key = record.key;
   _paintQueue[_paintCount++] = item;
   // Read by `isOverlayEntryQueued` while the custom lanes paint, before this
-  // item publishes its paint rect. Keyhole and sonar fades are left out.
+  // item publishes its paint rect. Only a stamp and a pointer: storing the
+  // item's alpha here would box a double per paint item per frame.
   record.queuedStamp = _frameStamp;
-  record.queuedAlpha =
-    record.sourceAlpha *
-    temporalAlpha *
-    record.distanceAlpha *
-    record.altitudeAlpha;
+  record.queuedItem = item;
 }
 
 function sourceCanPaint(sourceId) {

From ceff3eb6c97e7995938488417a66ed3e1b5af0ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: quanticsoul4772 <71096528+quanticsoul4772@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 05:43:40 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 033/181] test(fires): pin the 47.5-hour flip to days and name
 where the age shows

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 changelog.d/1531-firms-age-rounding.md | 8 +++++---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                  | 2 +-
 src/layers/firms/model.test.mjs        | 2 ++
 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changelog.d/1531-firms-age-rounding.md b/changelog.d/1531-firms-age-rounding.md
index e8cc12c4b..cd9bcfc5d 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1531-firms-age-rounding.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1531-firms-age-rounding.md
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
-- FIRMS fire ages round to whole hours before choosing a unit, so a detection
-  47.5–48 hours old reads "2d", as one exactly 48 hours old does, not "48h"
-  (@quanticsoul4772, #1531).
+- FIRMS fire ages round to whole hours before choosing a unit, so an age of
+  47.5–48 hours reads "2d", as exactly 48 hours does, not "48h". Detections
+  are filtered to the trailing 24 hours, so this shows mostly in the
+  `STALE · cached {age}` stats line after about two days without a successful
+  refresh (@quanticsoul4772, #1531).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 726201138..1e1230833 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -2382,7 +2382,7 @@ reporting are unchanged.
 ## FIRMS source status
 
 The FIRMS CSV parser rejects impossible acquisition calendar dates before the proxy filters records to the trailing 24 hours, while retaining valid UTC acquisition times.
-FIRMS ages round to whole hours before choosing a unit, so a 47.6-hour age reads "2d", not "48h".
+FIRMS ages round to whole hours before choosing a unit, so a 47.6-hour age reads "2d", not "48h"; with detections filtered to 24 hours, this shows mostly in the `STALE · cached {age}` stats line.
 The `get_active_fires` tool reports acquisition times as UTC ISO timestamps,
 including zero-padded hours and minutes; missing or invalid dates and times
 remain `null`, including impossible calendar dates from a custom source.
diff --git a/src/layers/firms/model.test.mjs b/src/layers/firms/model.test.mjs
index 7ff12cf3f..a0df2eb2c 100644
--- a/src/layers/firms/model.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/firms/model.test.mjs
@@ -13,9 +13,11 @@ test('a fire age that rounds to 48 hours reads in days, as 48 hours does', () =>
   try {
     setLocale('en');
     assert.equal(formatAge(47.4 * HOUR_MS), '47h');
+    assert.equal(formatAge(47.5 * HOUR_MS), '2d');
     assert.equal(formatAge(47.6 * HOUR_MS), '2d');
     assert.equal(formatAge(48 * HOUR_MS), '2d');
     assert.equal(formatAgeLabel(47.4 * HOUR_MS), '47h');
+    assert.equal(formatAgeLabel(47.5 * HOUR_MS), '2d');
     assert.equal(formatAgeLabel(47.6 * HOUR_MS), formatAgeLabel(48 * HOUR_MS));
     assert.equal(formatAgeLabel(48 * HOUR_MS), '2d');
   } finally {

From c73e4edce7e3e9b2534245f81d955be08dfd5a81 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Itallo=20Brand=C3=A3o?=
 <45429643+IMBrandao@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 10:44:17 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 034/181] docs(changelog): add #1583 fragment

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 changelog.d/1583-shipwrecks.md | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1583-shipwrecks.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1583-shipwrecks.md b/changelog.d/1583-shipwrecks.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06a2775c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1583-shipwrecks.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+- New Shipwrecks layer (Events): about 8,000 wrecks from EMODnet (CC BY 4.0)
+  and Wikidata (CC0). Each has a card with deaths, date, vessel, cause, depth,
+  position quality and a source link. Markers grow with the death toll, and
+  the same period picker as air accidents filters by year (IMBrandao, #1583).

From da00b096d2bae42b28a5e34a6c7aed5543d0291b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 21:21:02 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 035/181] Fade a vessel's callout by its card's painted opacity

The callout now asks for the opacity its own card paints with this frame,
keyhole fade included, and fades out as the card fades in. A card faded out
at the keyhole rim leaves the callout readable, and a card fading out after
leaving its source still hides it. The vessel card id is cached on the
record, and the allocation gate covers the lookup.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                         |   2 +-
 src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs              |   1 +
 src/data/detection.js                         |  33 ++--
 src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs               | 174 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/vessels/cards.js                   |   8 +
 src/layers/vessels/records.js                 |   3 +
 src/overlays/worldOverlay.js                  |  91 +++++----
 src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs            |  16 +-
 .../worldOverlayAllocation.worker.mjs         |   3 +
 9 files changed, 274 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 370edcd7b..26cf5af18 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5322,7 +5322,7 @@ silently demoting every later lookup for the session.
   Mission world text has no native `LabelGraphics`: overview launch markers publish at most 48 ambient candidates for a 24-winner budget, while selecting a mission clears that overview source and publishes its launch-site callout, stage re-entry annotations, live/estimated payload-position readout, and orbit annotation as protected selected-lane entries. The source retains the exact former strings and colors. Static anchors reuse the Cartesian values used to build their mission geometry; the moving payload entry reads the layer's per-frame live-position cache; catalog-backed orbit annotation positions are cached in the same one-second matrix update that realigns the orbit primitive. Keyhole edge fade, horizon culling, final collision placement, and UI exclusion are owned by the shared host. Deselect restores the bounded overview, and refresh, disable, and destroy replace or clear both mission sources.
   A selected mission renders its orbit as four repeating tactical sectors, each containing one prominent cyan dot followed by one hundred thin translucent dashes. The bright dots act as orbit anchors while the subdued dash field remains depth-tested against the globe and is shown only for the selected mission.
   Close selected-pad views add one static 500 m-radius cyan launch-zone ring with a low-opacity translucent fill over the sampled photoreal launch-site surface. The single scene primitive is created only for the visible selected site and is otherwise dormant. It appears during Focus, sufficiently close manual zoom, and the replay countdown, but is suppressed above 120 km camera altitude, beyond 180 km direct camera-to-pad range, for unselected missions, and whenever Space Missions is inactive. Focus establishes a launch-site-centered camera transform once; subsequent manual heading and pitch changes remain centered on that site without an automated per-frame correction. Surface mission markers and labels use an additional conservative globe-limb margin before the exact ellipsoid occluder boundary, preventing near-horizon visibility from alternating between frames.
-- **AIS vessels**: chevron symbology (naval cyan base, type tints), world-space headings, MMSI-keyed reconciliation (selection survives refreshes; pinned 3 refreshes with STALE marker when absent), detection-overlay integration (`type: 'SEA'`; a vessel whose ambient card the shared host paints in the current frame draws no detection callout, because the callout would show through the card's plate, while a vessel whose card was published but not painted (shared budget, collisions, UI chrome) keeps its callout — its detectable object names the card in `cardSourceId`/`cardEntryId`, and the callout lane asks `isOverlayEntryQueued` in `src/overlays/worldOverlay.js`, which answers from the solved paint queue because the detection lane paints before the cards publish their paint rects), contextStore registration for voice Q&A. Empty-space clicks, id-less photorealistic-tile picks, and Escape dismiss the vessel card/HUD/context and clear its trail; picks owned by another layer (including `gev-trail:*`) and raw vessel-record picks without a live MMSI key are no-ops for vessel selection. Click and key handlers detach while the layer is disabled and reinstall on enable. Selecting another vessel replaces the selection and trail, and reconciliation clears a trail if its owning vessel is evicted.
+- **AIS vessels**: chevron symbology (naval cyan base, type tints), world-space headings, MMSI-keyed reconciliation (selection survives refreshes; pinned 3 refreshes with STALE marker when absent), detection-overlay integration (`type: 'SEA'`; a vessel's detection callout fades out while its own ambient card paints in the same frame, judged by the card's painted opacity including the keyhole fade, so a card dropped by budget, collisions or UI chrome, or faded out at the keyhole rim, leaves the callout readable), contextStore registration for voice Q&A. Empty-space clicks, id-less photorealistic-tile picks, and Escape dismiss the vessel card/HUD/context and clear its trail; picks owned by another layer (including `gev-trail:*`) and raw vessel-record picks without a live MMSI key are no-ops for vessel selection. Click and key handlers detach while the layer is disabled and reinstall on enable. Selecting another vessel replaces the selection and trail, and reconciliation clears a trail if its owning vessel is evicted.
 - **Track trails**: server accumulates per-MMSI ring buffers (`/api/vessels/track?mmsi=`, Float32+Uint32, 64 samples, 30s/25m thinning); aircraft backfill proxies `/api/flights/track` (OAuth, own credit bucket). Military aircraft keep only their locally accumulated trails: `/api/military/track` validates the hex, then answers `503 history_unavailable` without an upstream request.
 - Shared `src/data/pickRegistry.js` stops the two flight layers' click handlers from fighting over the camera.
 
diff --git a/src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs b/src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs
index edb3505f2..e1c2fcc5a 100644
--- a/src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs
@@ -1821,6 +1821,7 @@ test('detection objects name the vessel card their callout gives way to', () =>
       'vessel:unkeyed:NO MMSI:37.80000:-122.40000',
       'the same identity the vessel card is published under',
     );
+    assert.equal(keyed.overlayEntryId, 'vessel:200', 'cached on the record for later frames');
   } finally {
     _setVesselStateForTest({ enabled: false });
   }
diff --git a/src/data/detection.js b/src/data/detection.js
index 8ea124649..f4d1ddf3b 100644
--- a/src/data/detection.js
+++ b/src/data/detection.js
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import {
   keyholeLabelAlphaFromGeometry,
 } from '../celestialRing.js';
 import {
-  isOverlayEntryQueued,
+  getQueuedOverlayEntryAlpha,
   registerWorldOverlayPaintLane,
 } from '../overlays/worldOverlay.js';
 import {
@@ -110,6 +110,11 @@ const THEME_MAP = DETECTION_THEME_MAP;
 const SPARSE_ZONE_FRACTION = 0.5;
 /** Solve cadence for membership/collision; accepted identities still reproject every frame. */
 const LABEL_SOLVE_INTERVAL_MS = 125;
+/**
+ * A contact's own card at this opacity or more hides its callout; below it the
+ * callout fades in, so a card fading in or out never snaps the callout.
+ */
+const CARD_ALPHA_HIDING_CALLOUT = 0.5;
 /** Alpha bands retain bracket batching while approximating a continuous radial fade. */
 const BRACKET_ALPHA_STEPS = 4;
 /** Finer bands for Global Context echo brackets, whose fade is animated. */
@@ -579,8 +584,8 @@ export function getDetectionDiagnostics() {
   // sprites/strokes. Nothing is copied on the production paint path.
   result.calloutRects = _calloutPool
     .slice(0, _calloutCount)
-    .filter((row) => !row.yielded)
-    .map(({ x, y, w, h, alpha }) => ({ x, y, w, h, alpha }));
+    .filter((row) => row.paintAlpha > 0.001)
+    .map(({ x, y, w, h, paintAlpha }) => ({ x, y, w, h, alpha: paintAlpha }));
   return result;
 }
 
@@ -1083,7 +1088,7 @@ function _stashCallout(entry, acquireFade, keyhole) {
       alpha: 1,
       cardSourceId: '',
       cardEntryId: '',
-      yielded: false,
+      paintAlpha: 1,
     };
     _calloutPool[_calloutCount] = row;
   }
@@ -1112,7 +1117,7 @@ function _stashCallout(entry, acquireFade, keyhole) {
   row.alpha = alpha;
   row.cardSourceId = candidate.cardSourceId;
   row.cardEntryId = candidate.cardEntryId;
-  row.yielded = false;
+  row.paintAlpha = alpha;
   _calloutCount++;
 }
 
@@ -1144,15 +1149,15 @@ function _paintCalloutLane(frame) {
   ctx.textBaseline = 'alphabetic';
   for (let i = 0; i < _calloutCount; i++) {
     const row = _calloutPool[i];
-    // The contact's own card (an ambient vessel card) already names it, and
-    // this callout would show through the card's plate. Checked every frame
-    // against the cards queued for THIS frame: the host paints only part of
-    // the published cards, and a contact whose card did not paint keeps its
-    // callout.
-    row.yielded =
-      row.cardEntryId !== '' &&
-      isOverlayEntryQueued(row.cardSourceId, row.cardEntryId);
-    if (!row.yielded) paintDetectionCallout(ctx, row, row.alpha);
+    // Under the contact's own card (an ambient vessel card) the callout would
+    // show through the plate. Only a card painting this frame counts.
+    const cardAlpha =
+      row.cardEntryId === ''
+        ? 0
+        : getQueuedOverlayEntryAlpha(row.cardSourceId, row.cardEntryId);
+    row.paintAlpha =
+      row.alpha * Math.max(0, 1 - cardAlpha / CARD_ALPHA_HIDING_CALLOUT);
+    if (row.paintAlpha > 0.001) paintDetectionCallout(ctx, row, row.paintAlpha);
   }
   ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
 }
diff --git a/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs b/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs
index 7bcb9300e..4c1c6dddc 100644
--- a/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs
@@ -21,10 +21,17 @@ import {
 import {
   clearOverlaySource,
   destroyWorldOverlay,
+  getOverlayPaintRect,
   initWorldOverlay,
   setOverlayEntries,
   setOverlaySourceVisible,
 } from '../overlays/worldOverlay.js';
+import { applyVesselOverlayPolicy } from './vesselLabels.js';
+import {
+  getKeyholeFadeTuning,
+  getKeyholeGeometry,
+  keyholeLabelAlphaFromGeometry,
+} from '../celestialRing.js';
 import { DETECTION_THEME_MAP } from '../overlays/worldOverlayTokens.js';
 import {
   clearAwarenessEchoField,
@@ -641,6 +648,173 @@ test('a callout gives way to its contact\'s own card only while that card paints
   }
 });
 
+/** A vessel detection contact that names its ambient card, like the AIS layer does. */
+function shipWithCard(mmsi, position) {
+  return {
+    position,
+    sourceId: mmsi,
+    id: `SHIP-${mmsi}`,
+    metric: '6 kn',
+    type: 'SEA',
+    cardSourceId: 'ais-live-vessels',
+    cardEntryId: `vessel:${mmsi}`,
+  };
+}
+
+/** The production ambient vessel card (not protected: it goes through the arbiter). */
+function ambientVesselCard(mmsi, position) {
+  return applyVesselOverlayPolicy({
+    id: `vessel:${mmsi}`,
+    position,
+    title: `CARD-${mmsi}`,
+    details: ['CARGO · 6KT · 80°'],
+    gapPx: 10,
+  });
+}
+
+test('a callout stays readable when its own card is faded out at the keyhole rim', () => {
+  // Default keyhole tuning: 7% feather, 1% outside opacity.
+  assert.deepEqual(getKeyholeFadeTuning(), { fadeRatio: 0.07, outsideOpacity: 0.01 });
+  const width = 1600;
+  const height = 900;
+  const keyhole = getKeyholeGeometry(width, height);
+  const env = installEnvironment({ width, height, dpr: 1 });
+  // Just outside the keyhole's left rim: the card sits above or below the
+  // anchor (outside, 1% alpha), the callout to its right (inside the feather).
+  const position = new Cesium.Cartesian3(270 / (width / 2) - 1, 1 - 460 / (height / 2), 6_356_752);
+  const ship = shipWithCard('200', position);
+  try {
+    initWorldOverlay(env.viewer);
+    initDetection(env.viewer, [{ id: 'ais-live-vessels', getDetectableObjects: () => [ship] }], () => {});
+    setMode('DENSE');
+    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) settleFrame(env);
+    const [alone] = getDetectionDiagnostics().calloutRects;
+    assert.ok(alone && alone.alpha >= 0.5, 'without a card the callout is clearly visible');
+
+    setOverlayEntries('ais-live-vessels', [ambientVesselCard('200', position)]);
+    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) settleFrame(env);
+    const rect = getOverlayPaintRect('ais-live-vessels', 'vessel:200');
+    assert.ok(rect, 'the host paints the card (at the outside opacity)');
+    const cardAlpha = keyholeLabelAlphaFromGeometry(rect.x + rect.w / 2, rect.y + rect.h / 2, keyhole);
+    assert.ok(cardAlpha <= 0.05, `the card is invisible at the rim (keyhole alpha ${cardAlpha})`);
+
+    const callouts = getDetectionDiagnostics().calloutRects;
+    assert.equal(callouts.length, 1, 'the callout keeps painting while its card is faded out');
+    assert.ok(callouts[0].alpha >= 0.4, 'and stays readable');
+  } finally {
+    destroyDetection();
+    destroyWorldOverlay();
+    env.cleanup();
+  }
+});
+
+test('a callout stays hidden while its card fades out after leaving the published cohort', () => {
+  const env = installEnvironment({ width: 1600, height: 900, dpr: 1 });
+  const at = (x, y) => new Cesium.Cartesian3(x, y, 6_356_752);
+  const ship = shipWithCard('200', at(0.1, 0.1));
+  const painted = (text) => env.ctx.calls.some(([name, value]) => name === 'fillText' && value === text);
+  const frame = (ms) => {
+    env.ctx.calls.length = 0;
+    env.advance(ms);
+    env.postRender.raise();
+  };
+  try {
+    initWorldOverlay(env.viewer);
+    initDetection(env.viewer, [{ id: 'ais-live-vessels', getDetectableObjects: () => [ship] }], () => {});
+    setMode('DENSE');
+    setOverlayEntries('ais-live-vessels', [ambientVesselCard('200', ship.position)]);
+    for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) frame(250);
+    frame(16);
+    assert.ok(painted('CARD-200') && !painted('SHIP-200'), 'steady state: card only');
+
+    // The vessel layer republishes its screen-grid cohort after a camera move:
+    // this vessel's card is replaced by another one, the vessel stays detectable.
+    setOverlayEntries('ais-live-vessels', [ambientVesselCard('300', at(-0.5, -0.4))]);
+    frame(16);
+    assert.ok(getOverlayPaintRect('ais-live-vessels', 'vessel:200'), 'the dropped card is still fading out');
+    assert.ok(painted('CARD-200'), 'and its text still paints');
+    assert.ok(!painted('SHIP-200'), 'no full callout under the fading card');
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) frame(250);
+    assert.ok(!painted('CARD-200'), 'the card has faded out');
+    assert.ok(painted('SHIP-200'), 'and the callout is back');
+  } finally {
+    destroyDetection();
+    destroyWorldOverlay();
+    env.cleanup();
+  }
+});
+
+test('a vessel whose ambient card loses the collision keeps its callout', () => {
+  const env = installEnvironment({ width: 900, height: 600, dpr: 1 });
+  // Four vessels a few pixels apart: their cards collide (a card goes only
+  // above or below its anchor), so the arbiter paints only some of them.
+  const ships = [0, 1, 2, 3].map((i) =>
+    shipWithCard(String(100 + i), new Cesium.Cartesian3(-0.2 + i * 0.005, i * 0.005, 6_356_752)),
+  );
+  const painted = (text) => env.ctx.calls.some(([name, value]) => name === 'fillText' && value === text);
+  try {
+    initWorldOverlay(env.viewer);
+    initDetection(env.viewer, [{ id: 'ais-live-vessels', getDetectableObjects: () => ships }], () => {});
+    setOverlayEntries(
+      'ais-live-vessels',
+      ships.map((ship) => ambientVesselCard(ship.sourceId, ship.position)),
+    );
+    setMode('DENSE');
+    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) settleFrame(env);
+    env.ctx.calls.length = 0;
+    settleFrame(env);
+
+    const winners = ships.filter((ship) => getOverlayPaintRect('ais-live-vessels', ship.cardEntryId));
+    assert.ok(
+      winners.length >= 1 && winners.length < ships.length,
+      `the colliding cards leave some unpainted (${winners.length} of ${ships.length} painted)`,
+    );
+    for (const ship of ships) {
+      const carded = winners.includes(ship);
+      assert.equal(
+        painted(ship.id),
+        !carded,
+        carded ? `${ship.id} draws no callout under its card` : `${ship.id} keeps its callout`,
+      );
+    }
+  } finally {
+    destroyDetection();
+    destroyWorldOverlay();
+    env.cleanup();
+  }
+});
+
+test('a callout fades out while its card fades in instead of vanishing at once', () => {
+  const env = installEnvironment({ width: 1600, height: 900, dpr: 1 });
+  const ship = shipWithCard('200', new Cesium.Cartesian3(0.1, 0.1, 6_356_752));
+  try {
+    initWorldOverlay(env.viewer);
+    initDetection(env.viewer, [{ id: 'ais-live-vessels', getDetectableObjects: () => [ship] }], () => {});
+    setMode('DENSE');
+    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) settleFrame(env);
+    const [alone] = getDetectionDiagnostics().calloutRects;
+    assert.ok(alone.alpha >= 0.9, 'the callout starts fully visible');
+
+    setOverlayEntries('ais-live-vessels', [ambientVesselCard('200', ship.position)]);
+    const alphas = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
+      env.advance(16);
+      env.postRender.raise();
+      alphas.push(getDetectionDiagnostics().calloutRects[0]?.alpha ?? 0);
+    }
+    assert.ok(
+      alphas.some((alpha) => alpha > 0.1 && alpha < alone.alpha - 0.1),
+      `the callout passes through partial opacity: ${alphas.map((a) => a.toFixed(2)).join(' ')}`,
+    );
+    assert.equal(alphas.at(-1), 0, 'and is gone once the card is fully in');
+  } finally {
+    destroyDetection();
+    destroyWorldOverlay();
+    env.cleanup();
+  }
+});
+
 test('space-tier callouts take the heavier plate while air contacts keep the light one', () => {
   // Satellites sit over the high-albedo lit Earth disc far more often than
   // aircraft do, so the space tier carries the heavier backing. Losing the
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/cards.js b/src/layers/vessels/cards.js
index bcf3459f1..2563bf420 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/cards.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/cards.js
@@ -117,6 +117,14 @@ export function createCards({
   /** Stable overlay identity for MMSI-keyed and source-retained unkeyed rows. */
 
   function vesselOverlayEntryId(record) {
+    // Cached on the record: detection asks for it every frame for every vessel.
+    if (record?.overlayEntryId) return record.overlayEntryId;
+    const id = composeVesselOverlayEntryId(record);
+    if (record) record.overlayEntryId = id;
+    return id;
+  }
+
+  function composeVesselOverlayEntryId(record) {
     const mmsi = String(record?.mmsi || '').trim();
     if (mmsi) return `vessel:${mmsi}`;
     const name = String(record?.name || 'VESSEL').trim() || 'VESSEL';
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/records.js b/src/layers/vessels/records.js
index ad6d85cbd..aeb2f39bf 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/records.js
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ export function normalizeVessel(row) {
     lastPositionUtc: String(row.last_position_UTC || ''),
     lastPositionEpoch: finiteNumber(row.last_position_epoch),
     missedRefreshes: 0,
+    // Filled on first use by the cards' `vesselOverlayEntryId`. The id reads
+    // only the MMSI, or for an unkeyed row fields it never updates.
+    overlayEntryId: null,
   };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js
index 726e766ee..aabcc7be0 100644
--- a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js
+++ b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js
@@ -258,6 +258,10 @@ const _paintQueue = [];
 const _paintItemPool = [];
 const _paintRectPool = [];
 const _paintRectByKey = new Map();
+/** @type {Map<string, Map<string, object>>} This frame's paint items by source and entry id. */
+const _queuedItemBySource = new Map();
+/** Index rows that stop painting are dropped this many frames apart. */
+const QUEUED_ITEM_PRUNE_FRAMES = 600;
 const _hitRects = [];
 const _paintedBySource = Object.create(null);
 const _paintedSourceKeys = [];
@@ -1066,24 +1070,26 @@ export function getOverlayPaintRect(sourceId, entryId) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Whether an entry is queued to paint in the frame being painted. Custom lanes
- * run before the host's own entries, so `getOverlayPaintRect` has nothing for
- * this frame yet while they paint; this answers from the solved paint queue.
+ * Opacity an entry will paint with in the frame being painted, or 0 when it is
+ * not queued. Valid from the custom lanes, which paint before the entries in
+ * later lanes publish their paint rects. Leaves out only the Cyber sonar fade.
  * @param {string} sourceId
  * @param {string} entryId
- * @returns {boolean}
+ * @returns {number}
  */
-export function isOverlayEntryQueued(sourceId, entryId) {
-  if (_destroyed) return false;
-  const record = _records.get(entryKey(String(sourceId), String(entryId)));
-  if (!record || record.queuedStamp !== _frameStamp) return false;
-  // Same channels as the paint, minus the per-frame keyhole and sonar fades.
+export function getQueuedOverlayEntryAlpha(sourceId, entryId) {
+  if (_destroyed) return 0;
+  const item = _queuedItemBySource.get(sourceId)?.get(entryId);
+  // Pooled items are reassigned every frame: check the frame and the entry.
+  if (!item || item.stamp !== _frameStamp) return 0;
+  const record = item.record;
+  if (record.entry.id !== entryId || record.entry.source !== sourceId) return 0;
   return (
     record.sourceAlpha *
-      record.queuedItem.temporalAlpha *
-      record.distanceAlpha *
-      record.altitudeAlpha >
-    0.001
+    item.temporalAlpha *
+    record.distanceAlpha *
+    record.altitudeAlpha *
+    (_keyhole ? entryKeyholeAlpha(record.entry, item.placement, _keyhole) : 1)
   );
 }
 
@@ -1759,8 +1765,6 @@ function getProjectionRecord(entry) {
       contentAlpha: 1,
       altitudeAlpha: 1,
       sourceAlpha: 1,
-      queuedStamp: 0,
-      queuedItem: null,
       protectedPlacement: null,
       distanceOptions: {},
       altitudeOptions: {},
@@ -2277,12 +2281,27 @@ function addPaintItem(record, placement, temporalAlpha, selected) {
   item.lane = paintLaneForOverlayEntry(record.entry);
   item.zIndex = record.entry.zIndex;
   item.key = record.key;
+  item.stamp = _frameStamp;
   _paintQueue[_paintCount++] = item;
-  // Read by `isOverlayEntryQueued` while the custom lanes paint, before this
-  // item publishes its paint rect. Only a stamp and a pointer: storing the
-  // item's alpha here would box a double per paint item per frame.
-  record.queuedStamp = _frameStamp;
-  record.queuedItem = item;
+  // Indexed by source and id rather than by `record.key`, so a lookup builds
+  // no string. A card fading out after it left its source's entries is still
+  // queued here, though `_records` no longer has it.
+  let bySource = _queuedItemBySource.get(record.entry.source);
+  if (!bySource) {
+    bySource = new Map();
+    _queuedItemBySource.set(record.entry.source, bySource);
+  }
+  bySource.set(record.entry.id, item);
+}
+
+/** Drop index rows for entries that stopped painting (bounded, not per frame). */
+function pruneQueuedItemIndex() {
+  for (const [sourceId, bySource] of _queuedItemBySource) {
+    for (const [entryId, item] of bySource) {
+      if (item.stamp !== _frameStamp) bySource.delete(entryId);
+    }
+    if (bySource.size === 0) _queuedItemBySource.delete(sourceId);
+  }
 }
 
 function sourceCanPaint(sourceId) {
@@ -2354,6 +2373,7 @@ function solveDomains(timestamp) {
     solveRevision += domain.arbiter.solveRevision;
   }
   _paintQueue.length = _paintCount;
+  if (_frameStamp % QUEUED_ITEM_PRUNE_FRAMES === 0) pruneQueuedItemIndex();
   _solveDirty = false;
   _diagnostics.solveMs = solveMs;
   _diagnostics.selectedCount = selectedCount;
@@ -2482,23 +2502,25 @@ function paintCustomLane(lane) {
   }
 }
 
+/** Keyhole edge fade of one placed entry (1 for entries that do not fade). */
+function entryKeyholeAlpha(entry, placement, keyhole) {
+  if (entry.edgeFade !== 'keyhole') return 1;
+  const keyholeX = placement.centerX - keyhole.centerX;
+  const keyholeY = placement.centerY - keyhole.centerY;
+  return keyholeX * keyholeX + keyholeY * keyholeY <=
+    keyhole.radius * keyhole.radius
+    ? 1
+    : keyholeLabelAlphaFromGeometry(
+        placement.centerX,
+        placement.centerY,
+        keyhole,
+      );
+}
+
 function paintEntryItem(item, keyhole, sonar) {
   const { record, placement } = item;
   const entry = record.entry;
-  let keyholeAlpha = 1;
-  if (entry.edgeFade === 'keyhole') {
-    const keyholeX = placement.centerX - keyhole.centerX;
-    const keyholeY = placement.centerY - keyhole.centerY;
-    keyholeAlpha =
-      keyholeX * keyholeX + keyholeY * keyholeY <=
-      keyhole.radius * keyhole.radius
-        ? 1
-        : keyholeLabelAlphaFromGeometry(
-            placement.centerX,
-            placement.centerY,
-            keyhole,
-          );
-  }
+  const keyholeAlpha = entryKeyholeAlpha(entry, placement, keyhole);
   // All five channels are normalized at their source. Keep the multiply on
   // the hot paint path so its intermediate doubles remain unboxed; the pure
   // `combinedOverlayAlpha` export still specifies/tests the same binding.
@@ -2799,6 +2821,7 @@ export function destroyWorldOverlay() {
   _accessibleActivatorByKey.clear();
   _accessibilitySignature = '';
   _paintRectByKey.clear();
+  _queuedItemBySource.clear();
   _paintCount = 0;
   _paintRectCount = 0;
   _hitRectCount = 0;
diff --git a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs
index a0b5160b6..6e713a5da 100644
--- a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs
+++ b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import {
   activateWorldOverlayAction,
   initWorldOverlay,
   subscribeWorldOverlayActions,
-  isOverlayEntryQueued,
+  getQueuedOverlayEntryAlpha,
   isOverlayPointVisible,
   normalizeOverlayEntry,
   paintLaneForOverlayEntry,
@@ -1216,16 +1216,16 @@ test('custom detection lane receives the shared host frame and paints below ordi
 
 test('a detection lane sees which cards this frame will paint before they publish paint rects', () => {
   // The detection lane paints first, so a card's paint rectangle for this
-  // frame does not exist yet when it runs. The queued check is what lets a
+  // frame does not exist yet when it runs. The queued alpha is what lets a
   // contact's callout give way to that contact's own card in the same frame.
   const env = installMockEnvironment({ width: 400, height: 300, dpr: 1 });
   initWorldOverlay(env.viewer);
   const seen = [];
   registerWorldOverlayPaintLane('detection', () => {
     seen.push({
-      shown: isOverlayEntryQueued('cards', 'SHOWN'),
-      hidden: isOverlayEntryQueued('hidden-cards', 'HIDDEN'),
-      unknown: isOverlayEntryQueued('cards', 'NOT-PUBLISHED'),
+      shown: getQueuedOverlayEntryAlpha('cards', 'SHOWN'),
+      hidden: getQueuedOverlayEntryAlpha('hidden-cards', 'HIDDEN'),
+      unknown: getQueuedOverlayEntryAlpha('cards', 'NOT-PUBLISHED'),
       rect: getOverlayPaintRect('cards', 'SHOWN'),
     });
   }, { id: 'detection', active: true, target: 'detection' });
@@ -1238,16 +1238,16 @@ test('a detection lane sees which cards this frame will paint before they publis
   setOverlaySourceVisible('hidden-cards', false);
 
   env.postRender.raise();
-  assert.deepEqual(seen[0], { shown: true, hidden: false, unknown: false, rect: null },
+  assert.deepEqual(seen[0], { shown: 1, hidden: 0, unknown: 0, rect: null },
     'the card is queued while its paint rect is still unpublished');
   assert.ok(getOverlayPaintRect('cards', 'SHOWN'), 'the card did paint after the lane');
   assert.equal(getOverlayPaintRect('hidden-cards', 'HIDDEN'), null);
 
   clearOverlaySource('cards');
   env.postRender.raise();
-  assert.equal(seen[1].shown, false, 'a card cleared since the last frame is no longer queued');
+  assert.equal(seen[1].shown, 0, 'a card cleared since the last frame is no longer queued');
   destroyWorldOverlay();
-  assert.equal(isOverlayEntryQueued('cards', 'SHOWN'), false);
+  assert.equal(getQueuedOverlayEntryAlpha('cards', 'SHOWN'), 0);
   env.cleanup();
 });
 
diff --git a/src/overlays/worldOverlayAllocation.worker.mjs b/src/overlays/worldOverlayAllocation.worker.mjs
index e2a4c6240..93b47e7f3 100644
--- a/src/overlays/worldOverlayAllocation.worker.mjs
+++ b/src/overlays/worldOverlayAllocation.worker.mjs
@@ -1217,6 +1217,9 @@ function buildPhase6DetectionWorkload(count) {
           : `FL${String(180 + (index % 220)).padStart(3, '0')}`,
       type: ['AIR', 'SAT', 'SEA', 'VEH'][index % 4],
       tier: index % 17 === 0 ? 'military' : undefined,
+      // Vessels name their ambient card, so each callout asks the host for it.
+      cardSourceId: index % 4 === 2 ? 'ais-live-vessels' : undefined,
+      cardEntryId: index % 4 === 2 ? `vessel:${index}` : undefined,
     });
   }
   return {

From 451f3e41cf97e4de690baa1fb64ba243e08c086a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said Turksever <asturksever@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 18:25:21 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 036/181] fix(street-level): links keep the recipient's
 preferences; aim under the screen centre

Review fixes for gekh's #1113 round:
- a link runs show_street_level with origin 'programmatic', so its source
  switch and layer are not saved as the recipient's preferences;
- with no place named, the action looks under the screen centre
  (aim 'screen-centre', armed false), keeps the sky refusal and leaves a
  link's armed point alone;
- an armed OPEN aimed at the sky opens nothing instead of the far link point;
- an imagery-stage failure is spoken as an error, missing imagery as missing
  (street.nearestOutcome); the card says "the view centre" in the interface
  language;
- every photo the action opens reveals its panel, and revealPanel scrolls the
  panel into view in the phone sheet;
- embed: EXPAND survives embed's own clean view, the lifted photo hides in
  cockpit, recording and scene playback, and a failed photo step closes the
  earlier photo before the view flies;
- links pasted into an open tab run their street-level step after the
  restore settles; a superseded start link does not;
- Mapillary's nearest search gives up after 12 s, body included.
---
 SECURITY.md                                   |   2 +-
 changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md         |   9 +-
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                         |  35 +++--
 src/app/embed.js                              | 103 ++++++++++----
 src/app/embed.test.mjs                        | 130 +++++++++++++++++-
 src/app/tools.js                              |   3 +-
 src/layers/streetLevel/index.js               |  23 +++-
 src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs         | 112 +++++++++++++++
 .../streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js |   6 +
 .../streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js |  45 +++++-
 .../providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs       |  41 ++++++
 src/layers/streetLevel/state.js               |   2 +
 src/streetLevelMarkup.test.mjs                |   9 ++
 src/ui/applicationShell.js                    |   2 +
 src/ui/revealPanel.test.mjs                   |  24 ++++
 src/ui/streetLevelControls.js                 |  10 +-
 src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs           |  30 ++++
 src/ui/styles/embed.css                       |   8 ++
 src/voice/gevActions.js                       |  50 ++++++-
 src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs                 |  82 ++++++++++-
 src/voice/speech.js                           |  17 ++-
 src/voice/speech.test.mjs                     |  37 ++++-
 22 files changed, 716 insertions(+), 64 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/ui/revealPanel.test.mjs

diff --git a/SECURITY.md b/SECURITY.md
index 2223c2fda..4f1714e16 100644
--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ God's Eye View's tools are also served to MCP clients: over stdio (`npm run mcp`
 - **What the panel's requests can reach.** In clients that display MCP Apps, the panel loads the app through the `panel_request` tool, which requests paths on the app's server. It is marked for the panel only and requires a key that each MCP server puts in its panel page, which keeps it from clients that list tools to the model without loading the panel. That key is not access control: any MCP client can read the panel page, key included, and then reach the app's files and data routes through `panel_request`, much as its other tools reach the data. Provider Settings, credential and model endpoints, `/mcp` and the development server's internal routes are refused to every caller.
 - **The panel carries the two browser keys.** The panel build (`npm run build:panel`) includes the same Google Maps key and Cesium ion token as the app, and they run inside the client's panel page, on the client's site. A key restricted by HTTP referrer must also allow that page, or the panel cannot load tiles. To keep the app's own keys narrower, build the panel with separately restricted keys in the environment of `npm run build:panel`.
 - **Embed mode is not framable by default.** `?embed=1` documents keep `X-Frame-Options: DENY` and `frame-ancestors 'none'` unless `GEV_EMBED_FRAME_ANCESTORS` names the pages that may frame them; a framing page can change what the app shows. Other documents can never be framed.
-- **A plain link never loads a billed Street View panorama without a click.** A share link with `sl=google,<lat>,<lon>` flies there, switches to Google 3D and lights Street View, then stops: the panel is armed and the photo loads only when the visitor presses OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW (one lookup and one panorama load on the browser Maps key, no retries, no geocoding or server call). A view posted into the embedded app (the God's Eye View panel, or a page `GEV_EMBED_FRAME_ANCESTORS` allows), and the panel page's own opening link for a tool result issued in the last five minutes, are that client's own request and open the photo; a client that mounts the panel again later (reopening a conversation) hands it the old result, which only arms; adding `?embed=1` to a published link does not lift the gate (in a frame the link only arms; the panel that holds OPEN is hidden there, so a posted view is the way to open a photo). The armed lookup dies when its source is switched off, when its map leaves, or when any other photo opens or closes. A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`. Mapillary, KartaView and Panoramax links open their photo at once; none of them bills per image.
+- **A plain link never loads a billed Street View panorama without a click.** A share link with `sl=google,<lat>,<lon>` flies there, switches to Google 3D and lights Street View, then stops: the panel is armed and the photo loads only when the visitor presses OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW (one lookup and one panorama load on the browser Maps key, no retries, no geocoding or server call). A view posted into the embedded app (the God's Eye View panel, or a page `GEV_EMBED_FRAME_ANCESTORS` allows), and the panel page's own opening link for a tool result issued in the last five minutes, are that client's own request and open the photo; a client that mounts the panel again later (reopening a conversation) hands it the old result, which only arms; adding `?embed=1` to a published link does not lift the gate (in a frame the link only arms; the panel that holds OPEN is hidden there, so a posted view is the way to open a photo). The OPEN press uses the link's point only while the ground under the screen centre is within 1 km of it; with the sky in the middle it opens nothing. The armed lookup dies when its source is switched off, when its map leaves, or when any other photo opens or closes. A link pasted into an open tab follows the same rule, and a link's source switch and layer are never saved as the recipient's own preferences. A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`. Mapillary, KartaView and Panoramax links open their photo at once; none of them bills per image.
 
 ## Scope & expectations
 
diff --git a/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md b/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
index dd9cdf6fd..cdb83575f 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
@@ -21,5 +21,12 @@
   honours is on, the answer names the filter. Cancelled lookups clear their
   loading state over an existing photo and release their caller abort listeners.
   Embedded photos show loading errors inside the overlay, and the OPEN prompt
-  uses the recipient's selected language (Said Turksever, @asturksever,
+  uses the recipient's selected language. A link's photos never save its
+  layers as the recipient's preferences, and a link pasted into an open tab
+  opens or arms them too. With no place named, the action looks under the
+  screen centre as OPEN does; an armed OPEN aimed at the sky opens nothing; a
+  failing source is reported as an error, not as missing imagery; and
+  Mapillary's nearest search gives up after 12 seconds. On a phone the panel
+  scrolls into view, and in embed mode EXPAND stays open while cockpit,
+  recording and scene playback hide the photo (Said Turksever, @asturksever,
   #1113).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index a998c6edc..2b1c3c1c1 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -4483,26 +4483,35 @@ app.
 (voice and typed; `src/voice/gevActions.js`) is one call: it checks the
 source has its key (a keyless source explains itself and changes nothing, as
 a chip does), flies to the place at street framing and waits for arrival (a
-name, coordinates, a pointed spot, a numbered item, or nothing for the view
-centre), switches to the map the source needs (Google Street View: Google 3D),
+name, coordinates, a pointed spot, a numbered item, or nothing for the
+ground under the screen centre, as OPEN uses: `aim: 'screen-centre'` with
+`armed: false`, so sky refuses and a link's armed point is neither used nor
+dropped), switches to the map the source needs (Google Street View: Google 3D),
 lights that source through `setLayerParams` with origin `voice` (one source at
-a time, kept in the share link like a chip click), turns the layer on and
+a time, kept in the share link like a chip click; a link runs the action with
+origin `programmatic`, for the source switch and the layer, so it never writes
+the recipient's saved layer state), turns the layer on and
 calls `openNearest`. `provider` is `google` for "Street View", `mapillary`,
 `kartaview` or `panoramax` by name, else the lit source. Stages fail separately (`location`, `view`, `map`,
 `provider`, `layer`, `key`, `imagery`; `view` when cockpit, clean view,
 recording or scene playback hides the panel, checked after the flight and
 before anything switches or loads; embed mode exempts its own clean-view
 class because the photo is lifted above the globe; an empty `imagery` result names a
-narrowing 360°/flat or SINCE filter the source honours, as `filter`) and a
+narrowing 360°/flat or SINCE filter the source honours, as `filter`;
+`noImagery` marks an empty result, `imageryError` a source or viewer failure
+and `aim: 'sky'` a sky centre, from the layer's `street.nearestOutcome`) and a
 newer turn retires the lookup
 (`openNearest`'s `signal` option), so nothing opens after the user moved on.
 For a source without a coverage layer the lookup widens to 250 m
 (`NEAREST_RADIUS_MAX_M`; Google honours it, Mapillary's API caps at 50 m);
-clicks keep 50 m. Mapillary's search asks for 100 photos, the API's most: it
+clicks keep 50 m. Mapillary's search gives up after 12 s, body included
+(`NEAREST_TIMEOUT_MS`), and asks for 100 photos, the API's most: it
 returns the radius's photos in no particular order and cuts them at the limit
 first, so the distance sort and the imagery filter run over the spot's photos.
 On a phone the panel sits in the Cameras tab sheet: a photo that opens, and a
-link that arms, open that sheet (`revealPanel`). The layer exposes `requiredMapStack(id)` and
+link that arms, open that sheet and scroll the panel into view
+(`revealPanel`); every photo the action opens reveals the panel again, also
+one the user had collapsed. The layer exposes `requiredMapStack(id)` and
 `providerStatus(id)` for callers that must decide before the panel lists a
 source, and `coverageLines(id)` (the lines a provider draws now, current and
 stale tiles, as `[lon, lat]` parts) for diagnostics and the browser gate,
@@ -4513,10 +4522,15 @@ source and point, defaulting to where the camera looks; a `google` source
 brings `map: photoreal` and refuses another map; not with `follow`), links as
 `sl=<source>,<lat>,<lon>`; `show_in_gods_eye_view` accepts it, the globe panel
 applies it through the action, and a plain link runs the action once restored
-(one shot: the rewritten hash drops `sl`). In embed mode the rail holding the
+(one shot: the rewritten hash drops `sl`). A link pasted into the open tab
+runs it after its restore settles (`gev:share-navigation-restore-settled`),
+and a start link whose restore a newer one superseded never runs. In embed mode the rail holding the
 panel is hidden, so an open photo moves to an overlay on the globe
 (`sl-viewer-wrap-embed`) and back when it closes; Esc closes it (in full
-screen, Esc leaves full screen first). Image-loading failures render inside
+screen, Esc leaves full screen first). EXPAND stays open under embed mode's
+own clean view; cockpit, recording and scene playback hide the overlay. A
+posted view whose photo step fails closes the earlier photo before its
+camera flies. Image-loading failures render inside
 the embedded overlay, since the panel's error region is hidden with the rail.
 A caller's abort is
 honoured through the viewer's mount and load, not just the lookup, and only
@@ -4529,8 +4543,9 @@ link never loads a photo from a source that bills every load
 (`billedPerImage` on the provider; Google): the action runs with
 `autoOpen: false`, arms the lookup on the layer (`armNearest`: the link's
 point and radius, consumed only by the next OPEN press (`aim:
-'screen-centre'`), and only while the view centre is within 1 km of the point
-(`ARMED_REACH_M`; a user who moved on opens what the view shows); any other lookup, open, close, disable, its source
+'screen-centre'`), and only while the ground under the screen centre is within
+1 km of the point (`ARMED_REACH_M`; a user who moved on opens what the view
+shows) or cannot be picked; a sky centre refuses; any other lookup, open, close, disable, its source
 switched off or its map leaving drops it), opens the panel and a toast
 points at OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW. Only the panel page's own link (inline
 embed) for a tool result issued in the last 5 minutes, and posted views, open
diff --git a/src/app/embed.js b/src/app/embed.js
index 8f439bf41..87ecbb386 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.js
+++ b/src/app/embed.js
@@ -198,6 +198,8 @@ function streetLevelArgs(streetLevel, { autoOpen = true } = {}) {
 }
 
 const STREET_LEVEL_PANEL_ID = 'street-level-panel';
+/** Dispatched on the window when a link opened after start-up has restored. */
+const SHARE_NAVIGATION_RESTORED_EVENT = 'gev:share-navigation-restore-settled';
 
 /** The armed link's toast, naming the OPEN button as the panel shows it. */
 function armedToast() {
@@ -258,8 +260,12 @@ export async function applyView(
       'show_street_level',
       streetLevelArgs(view.street_level),
     );
-    if (result?.ok !== true && !result?.location)
-      steps.push({ step: 'camera', ok: await flyTo(viewer, view.camera) });
+    if (result?.ok !== true) {
+      // An earlier view's photo must not stay over a place this view left.
+      dataManager.layers?.get?.(STREET_LEVEL_LAYER)?.module?.closeViewer?.();
+      if (!result?.location)
+        steps.push({ step: 'camera', ok: await flyTo(viewer, view.camera) });
+    }
     return steps;
   }
   if (!view.follow) {
@@ -317,13 +323,16 @@ export function installViews({
   // The camera's owner at restore: anyone who navigates while the link's
   // steps wait (a gesture, a search, the assistant) takes it, and a passive
   // link must not fly over them.
+  // A start-up restore that a newer link superseded hands the camera to that
+  // link: its own steps never run.
   let generationAtRestore = null;
-  let queue = ready.then(() => {
+  let startSuperseded = false;
+  let queue = ready.then((outcome) => {
     generationAtRestore = shell._navigationGeneration;
+    startSuperseded = outcome?.status === 'superseded';
   });
-  const navigatedSinceRestore = () =>
-    Number.isFinite(generationAtRestore) &&
-    shell._navigationGeneration !== generationAtRestore;
+  const navigatedSince = (generation) =>
+    Number.isFinite(generation) && shell._navigationGeneration !== generation;
   const linkStep = (work) =>
     queue.then(async () => {
       if (signal?.aborted) return;
@@ -341,29 +350,64 @@ export function installViews({
   // click; only the panel page's own link for a result issued just now is
   // the client's request (a host remounting the panel hands back old ones).
   // A link that follows an entity keeps the camera on it.
-  const streetLevel = followFromParams(hashParams)
-    ? null
-    : streetLevelFromParams(hashParams);
-  if (streetLevel)
-    queue = linkStep(async () => {
-      if (navigatedSinceRestore()) return;
-      const result = await run(
-        'show_street_level',
-        streetLevelArgs(streetLevel, { autoOpen: isFreshPanelResult() }),
-      );
-      // The restore window keeps the panel collapsed; OPEN must be in view.
-      // Embed mode hides the rail that holds it, so there the link only arms
-      // (a posted view is the way to open a photo in a frame).
-      if (result?.armed === true && !isEmbedded(location)) {
-        shell.setPanelCollapsed?.(STREET_LEVEL_PANEL_ID, false, {
-          explicit: true,
-        });
-        // On a phone the panel sits in a tab sheet: open it so OPEN shows.
-        shell.revealPanel?.(STREET_LEVEL_PANEL_ID);
-        shell._showToast?.(armedToast());
-      }
-    });
-  if (!isEmbedded(location)) return () => {};
+  const linkedStreetLevel = (params) =>
+    followFromParams(params) ? null : streetLevelFromParams(params);
+  const openLinkedStreetLevel = async (
+    streetLevel,
+    { generation, autoOpen = false },
+  ) => {
+    if (navigatedSince(generation)) return;
+    // The link replays the sender's view: nothing it switches becomes the
+    // recipient's own preference.
+    const result = await run(
+      'show_street_level',
+      streetLevelArgs(streetLevel, { autoOpen }),
+      { origin: 'programmatic' },
+    );
+    // The restore window keeps the panel collapsed; OPEN must be in view.
+    // Embed mode hides the rail that holds it, so there the link only arms
+    // (a posted view is the way to open a photo in a frame).
+    if (result?.armed === true && !isEmbedded(location)) {
+      shell.setPanelCollapsed?.(STREET_LEVEL_PANEL_ID, false, {
+        explicit: true,
+      });
+      // On a phone the panel sits in a tab sheet: open it so OPEN shows.
+      shell.revealPanel?.(STREET_LEVEL_PANEL_ID);
+      shell._showToast?.(armedToast());
+    }
+  };
+  const startStreetLevel = linkedStreetLevel(hashParams);
+  if (startStreetLevel)
+    queue = linkStep(() =>
+      startSuperseded
+        ? undefined
+        : openLinkedStreetLevel(startStreetLevel, {
+            generation: generationAtRestore,
+            autoOpen: isFreshPanelResult(),
+          }),
+    );
+  // A link pasted into the open tab restores camera and layers on its own;
+  // its photos follow once that restore settles, under the same rule: a plain
+  // link never loads a billed photo by itself.
+  const onNavigatedRestore = (event) => {
+    if (event?.detail?.status !== 'settled') return;
+    const streetLevel = linkedStreetLevel(
+      new URLSearchParams(String(location?.hash || '').replace(/^#/, '')),
+    );
+    if (!streetLevel) return;
+    const generation = shell._navigationGeneration;
+    queue = linkStep(() => openLinkedStreetLevel(streetLevel, { generation }));
+  };
+  windowRef?.addEventListener?.(
+    SHARE_NAVIGATION_RESTORED_EVENT,
+    onNavigatedRestore,
+  );
+  const stopNavigatedRestores = () =>
+    windowRef?.removeEventListener?.(
+      SHARE_NAVIGATION_RESTORED_EVENT,
+      onNavigatedRestore,
+    );
+  if (!isEmbedded(location)) return stopNavigatedRestores;
 
   windowRef.document.body.classList.add('ui-embed');
   shell.setCleanView?.(true);
@@ -423,6 +467,7 @@ export function installViews({
   });
   return () => {
     stopRendering();
+    stopNavigatedRestores();
     windowRef.removeEventListener('message', onMessage);
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/app/embed.test.mjs b/src/app/embed.test.mjs
index fb70315ff..a7cf6b61e 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.test.mjs
+++ b/src/app/embed.test.mjs
@@ -32,14 +32,16 @@ const fakeLayers = (enabled) => ({
 });
 const recorder = (answers = {}) => {
   const calls = [];
-  const run = async (name, args) => {
+  const options = [];
+  const run = async (name, args, runOptions) => {
     calls.push([name, args]);
+    options.push([name, runOptions]);
     const answer = answers[name];
     return typeof answer === 'function'
       ? answer(calls)
       : (answer ?? { ok: true });
   };
-  return { calls, run };
+  return { calls, run, options };
 };
 
 test('embed mode is opt-in by query parameter', () => {
@@ -875,3 +877,127 @@ test('a passive link stands down when someone navigated while it waited behind i
   await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
   assert.deepEqual(quiet, ['annotate_map', 'show_street_level']);
 });
+
+test('a link replays the sender’s view: its street-level step never writes the recipient’s preferences', async () => {
+  const { calls, run, options } = recorder();
+  installViews({
+    shell: { initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve() },
+    viewer: fakeViewer(),
+    dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    run,
+    location: {
+      search: '',
+      hash: '#v=2&lat=1&lon=2&sl=mapillary,38.58000,-121.49000',
+    },
+    windowRef: new EventTarget(),
+  });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.equal(calls.length, 1);
+  assert.deepEqual(options, [
+    ['show_street_level', { origin: 'programmatic' }],
+  ]);
+});
+
+test('a start link whose restore a newer link superseded opens nothing', async () => {
+  const { calls, run } = recorder();
+  installViews({
+    shell: {
+      initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve({ status: 'superseded' }),
+      _navigationGeneration: 4,
+    },
+    viewer: fakeViewer(),
+    dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    run,
+    location: {
+      search: '',
+      hash: '#v=2&lat=1&lon=2&sl=mapillary,38.58000,-121.49000',
+    },
+    windowRef: new EventTarget(),
+  });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, [], 'start link A does not pull the camera from B');
+});
+
+test('a link pasted into the open tab opens or arms its photos once its restore settles', async () => {
+  const { calls, run, options } = recorder();
+  const windowRef = new EventTarget();
+  const location = { search: '', hash: '#v=2&lat=1&lon=2' };
+  const shell = {
+    initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve(),
+    _navigationGeneration: 1,
+  };
+  const remove = installViews({
+    shell,
+    viewer: fakeViewer(),
+    dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    run,
+    location,
+    windowRef,
+  });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, [], 'the start link has no photos');
+  const settled = (status) =>
+    windowRef.dispatchEvent(
+      Object.assign(new Event('gev:share-navigation-restore-settled'), {
+        detail: { status },
+      }),
+    );
+  location.hash = '#v=2&lat=3&lon=4&sl=mapillary,48.88740,2.34950';
+  shell._navigationGeneration = 2; // the restore's own flight
+  settled('failed');
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, [], 'a failed restore opens nothing');
+  settled('settled');
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, [
+    [
+      'show_street_level',
+      {
+        latitude: 48.8874,
+        longitude: 2.3495,
+        provider: 'mapillary',
+        fly: true,
+        autoOpen: false,
+      },
+    ],
+  ]);
+  assert.deepEqual(options.at(-1), [
+    'show_street_level',
+    { origin: 'programmatic' },
+  ]);
+  remove();
+  location.hash = '#v=2&lat=5&lon=6&sl=mapillary,1.00000,2.00000';
+  settled('settled');
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.equal(calls.length, 1, 'removed with the install');
+});
+
+test('a view whose photos fail closes the photo an earlier view opened', async () => {
+  const closed = [];
+  const dataManager = {
+    ...fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    layers: new Map([
+      ['street-level', { module: { closeViewer: () => closed.push(true) } }],
+    ]),
+  };
+  const { run } = recorder({
+    show_street_level: () => ({
+      ok: false,
+      stage: 'key',
+      error: 'needs its key',
+    }),
+  });
+  const view = createView({
+    camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2, altitude_m: 500 },
+    street_level: { provider: 'google' },
+  });
+  const viewer = fakeViewer();
+  await applyView(view, { viewer, dataManager, run });
+  assert.equal(closed.length, 1, 'closed before the view flies away');
+  assert.equal(viewer.flights.length, 1);
+  const opened = recorder({ show_street_level: () => ({ ok: true }) });
+  await applyView(view, { viewer, dataManager, run: opened.run });
+  assert.equal(closed.length, 1, 'an opened photo stays');
+});
diff --git a/src/app/tools.js b/src/app/tools.js
index 9d91f70a9..39456d3eb 100644
--- a/src/app/tools.js
+++ b/src/app/tools.js
@@ -223,7 +223,8 @@ export function createApplicationTools({
       shell: styleManager,
       viewer,
       dataManager,
-      run: (name, args) => voiceCommands.runner(name, args, { signal }),
+      run: (name, args, options = {}) =>
+        voiceCommands.runner(name, args, { ...options, signal }),
       signal,
     }),
   );
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
index ad24da557..1c380b7e3 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
@@ -668,7 +668,10 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
      * providers that can (a geocoded landmark is rarely within 50 m of a
      * street); clicks keep the default. A caller's `signal` retires the
      * lookup: nothing opens after it fires. Providers without
-     * `nearestImage` are skipped.
+     * `nearestImage` are skipped. `armed: false` (a request of its own, such
+     * as the assistant's) neither uses nor drops a link's armed point. Why
+     * nothing opened is left in `street.nearestOutcome`: 'empty' (no imagery
+     * in reach), 'sky' (the screen centre is not ground), or null (an error).
      */
     async openNearest(
       point,
@@ -678,18 +681,25 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
         aim = 'view',
         radiusM = null,
         signal: callerSignal = null,
+        armed: useArmed = true,
       } = {},
     ) {
       if (callerSignal?.aborted) return false;
+      state.street.nearestOutcome = null;
       // An OPEN press after a link armed a lookup opens what the link asked;
       // any other lookup is a new request and drops the armed one.
-      const armed = state.street.armed;
-      state.street.armed = null;
+      const armed = useArmed ? state.street.armed : null;
+      if (useArmed) state.street.armed = null;
       if (!point && aim === 'screen-centre' && armed) {
         // The button promises the centre of the view: the link's spot only
-        // while the view still shows it.
+        // while the view still shows it, or when the view cannot be picked.
+        // Sky refuses below, as any OPEN press does.
         const centre = armed.point ? screenCentreGround() : null;
-        if (!centre || metresBetween(centre, armed.point) <= ARMED_REACH_M) {
+        if (!armed.point) radiusM ??= armed.radiusM;
+        else if (
+          centre === undefined ||
+          (centre && metresBetween(centre, armed.point) <= ARMED_REACH_M)
+        ) {
           point = armed.point;
           radiusM ??= armed.radiusM;
         }
@@ -704,6 +714,7 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
           abortNearest();
           state.street.loading = false;
           state.street.error = AIM_AT_GROUND_MESSAGE;
+          state.street.nearestOutcome = 'sky';
           notify();
           return false;
         }
@@ -779,6 +790,8 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
       );
       // A provider's own refusal is English data that the panel translates;
       // the core's refusal is built here, for the panel only, in the language.
+      if (state.enabled && stillOn && !lastError)
+        state.street.nearestOutcome = 'empty';
       if (state.enabled && stillOn)
         state.street.error =
           lastError?.message ||
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
index 191246d92..c0f6797e8 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
@@ -1942,3 +1942,115 @@ test('the panel says why a lit Street View draws nothing off Google 3D', async (
   const view = presentStreetLevelPanel(layer.getUIState());
   assert.match(view.meta, /Google Street View needs the Google 3D map/);
 });
+
+test('OPEN aimed at the sky after a link armed opens nothing: never the far link point', async (t) => {
+  const { createStreetLevelLayer: create } = await import('./index.js');
+  const scenePick = await import('../../data/scenePick.js');
+  const lookups = [];
+  const provider = fakeProvider({
+    nearestImage: async (point) => {
+      lookups.push(point);
+      return null;
+    },
+  });
+  const saved = globalThis.document;
+  const drawing = new Proxy({}, { get: () => () => ({ addColorStop() {} }) });
+  globalThis.document = Object.assign(new EventTarget(), {
+    createElement: () => ({ getContext: () => drawing }),
+  });
+  const viewer = fakeViewer();
+  // Every pick misses the ground: the screen centre is sky.
+  Object.assign(viewer.scene, {
+    pickPositionSupported: true,
+    pickPosition: () => undefined,
+  });
+  viewer.globe = { pick: () => undefined };
+  viewer.scene.canvas.clientWidth = 1000;
+  viewer.scene.canvas.clientHeight = 600;
+  const layer = create({ providers: [provider], services: { scenePick } });
+  layer.init(viewer);
+  layer.enable(viewer);
+  t.after(() => {
+    layer.destroy();
+    globalThis.document = saved;
+  });
+  layer.armNearest({ lat: 48.8584, lon: 2.2945 }, { radiusM: 250 });
+  assert.equal(
+    await layer.openNearest(undefined, { aim: 'screen-centre' }),
+    false,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(lookups, [], 'no paid Paris lookup from another city’s sky');
+  const street = layer.getUIState().street;
+  assert.equal(street.nearestOutcome, 'sky');
+  assert.match(street.error, /Aim the middle of the view/);
+});
+
+test('a request of its own (armed: false) neither uses nor drops the link’s armed point', async (t) => {
+  const { createStreetLevelLayer: create } = await import('./index.js');
+  const scenePick = await import('../../data/scenePick.js');
+  const lookups = [];
+  const provider = fakeProvider({
+    nearestImage: async (point, options) => {
+      lookups.push({ point, radiusM: options?.radiusM ?? null });
+      return null;
+    },
+  });
+  const saved = globalThis.document;
+  const drawing = new Proxy({}, { get: () => () => ({ addColorStop() {} }) });
+  globalThis.document = Object.assign(new EventTarget(), {
+    createElement: () => ({ getContext: () => drawing }),
+  });
+  const viewer = fakeViewer();
+  const centre = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-121.4937, 38.5799, 0);
+  Object.assign(viewer.scene, {
+    pickPositionSupported: true,
+    pickPosition: (at) => (at.x === 500 && at.y === 300 ? centre : undefined),
+  });
+  viewer.scene.canvas.clientWidth = 1000;
+  viewer.scene.canvas.clientHeight = 600;
+  const layer = create({ providers: [provider], services: { scenePick } });
+  layer.init(viewer);
+  layer.enable(viewer);
+  t.after(() => {
+    layer.destroy();
+    globalThis.document = saved;
+  });
+  // About 120 m away: an OPEN press would take the link's spot.
+  layer.armNearest({ lat: 38.5808, lon: -121.494 }, { radiusM: 250 });
+  await layer.openNearest(undefined, { aim: 'screen-centre', armed: false });
+  const asked = lookups.at(-1);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(asked.point.lat - 38.5799) < 1e-9, 'the screen centre');
+  assert.equal(asked.radiusM, null, 'its own radius');
+  assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.nearestOutcome, 'empty');
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    layer.getUIState().street.armed?.point,
+    { lat: 38.5808, lon: -121.494 },
+    'still armed for the OPEN press',
+  );
+});
+
+test('a failing source is not reported as missing imagery', async (t) => {
+  const { createStreetLevelLayer: create } = await import('./index.js');
+  const provider = fakeProvider({
+    nearestImage: async () => {
+      throw new Error('Mapillary graph HTTP 500');
+    },
+  });
+  const saved = globalThis.document;
+  const drawing = new Proxy({}, { get: () => () => ({ addColorStop() {} }) });
+  globalThis.document = Object.assign(new EventTarget(), {
+    createElement: () => ({ getContext: () => drawing }),
+  });
+  const viewer = fakeViewer();
+  const layer = create({ providers: [provider] });
+  layer.init(viewer);
+  layer.enable(viewer);
+  t.after(() => {
+    layer.destroy();
+    globalThis.document = saved;
+  });
+  assert.equal(await layer.openNearest({ lat: 1, lon: 2 }), false);
+  const street = layer.getUIState().street;
+  assert.equal(street.nearestOutcome, null);
+  assert.equal(street.error, 'Mapillary graph HTTP 500');
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js
index 64b5d8073..b582b8cdd 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js
@@ -82,6 +82,12 @@ export const SEQUENCE_IMAGE_FIELDS =
  * the imagery filter then choose among the spot's photos, not a few of them.
  */
 export const NEAREST_LIMIT = 100;
+/**
+ * A nearest-image search that has not answered (headers and body) in this
+ * long is given up: a link or a posted view waits on it, and so does every
+ * view queued behind that one.
+ */
+export const NEAREST_TIMEOUT_MS = 12_000;
 /** Fields a nearest-image search needs: where each is, and the filter's. */
 export const NEAREST_IMAGE_FIELDS =
   'id,captured_at,geometry,computed_geometry,is_pano';
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js
index 022a14dac..4830d54e2 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import {
   MAPILLARY_GRAPH_HOST,
   NEAREST_IMAGE_FIELDS,
   NEAREST_LIMIT,
+  NEAREST_TIMEOUT_MS,
   SEQUENCE_IMAGE_FIELDS,
   SEQUENCE_IMAGES_LIMIT,
 } from './policy.js';
@@ -69,7 +70,47 @@ export function createMapillarySource({
     ...endpoints,
   };
 
-  async function graph(path, params = {}, { signal } = {}) {
+  async function graph(path, params = {}, { signal, timeoutMs = 0 } = {}) {
+    if (!timeoutMs) return graphOnce(path, params, { signal });
+    // The whole answer, body included, within `timeoutMs`; the caller's
+    // abort still wins.
+    if (signal?.aborted) throw signal.reason;
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    const onAbort = () => controller.abort(signal.reason);
+    signal?.addEventListener('abort', onAbort, { once: true });
+    const timer = setTimeout(
+      () =>
+        controller.abort(
+          new MapillarySourceError('Mapillary did not answer in time', {
+            status: 504,
+          }),
+        ),
+      timeoutMs,
+    );
+    try {
+      // A body that never ends is given up too, whatever the fetch does.
+      const gaveUp = new Promise((_, reject) =>
+        controller.signal.addEventListener(
+          'abort',
+          () => reject(controller.signal.reason),
+          { once: true },
+        ),
+      );
+      return await Promise.race([
+        graphOnce(path, params, { signal: controller.signal }),
+        gaveUp,
+      ]);
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (signal?.aborted) throw signal.reason;
+      if (controller.signal.aborted) throw controller.signal.reason;
+      throw error;
+    } finally {
+      clearTimeout(timer);
+      signal?.removeEventListener('abort', onAbort);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function graphOnce(path, params, { signal }) {
     if (graphBase) {
       const search = new URLSearchParams(params);
       const response = await fetchImpl(`${graphBase}${path}?${search}`, {
@@ -165,7 +206,7 @@ export function createMapillarySource({
           limit: String(Math.min(100, Math.max(1, limit))),
           fields: NEAREST_IMAGE_FIELDS,
         },
-        { signal },
+        { signal, timeoutMs: NEAREST_TIMEOUT_MS },
       );
       return Array.isArray(payload?.data) ? payload.data : [];
     },
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs
index 883918f4f..dfa733a7f 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs
@@ -179,3 +179,44 @@ test('Graph endpoint errors keep their status', async () => {
     (error) => error.status === 503 && error.keyRequired === true,
   );
 });
+
+test('a nearest-image search that never answers is given up, body included', async (t) => {
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
+  const { NEAREST_TIMEOUT_MS } = await import('./policy.js');
+  // Headers arrive; the body never ends, and the fetch ignores its signal.
+  const { fetchImpl } = fakeFetch(() => ({
+    ok: true,
+    status: 200,
+    json: () => new Promise(() => {}),
+  }));
+  const source = createMapillarySource({ token: 'MLY|1|abc', fetchImpl });
+  const pending = source.nearestImages({ lat: 1, lon: 2 });
+  const outcome = pending.then(
+    () => 'answered',
+    (error) => error,
+  );
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  t.mock.timers.tick(NEAREST_TIMEOUT_MS);
+  const error = await outcome;
+  assert.ok(error instanceof MapillarySourceError, String(error));
+  assert.equal(error.status, 504);
+  assert.equal(error.keyRequired, false, 'not a key problem');
+});
+
+test('the caller’s abort still ends a nearest-image search before its deadline', async () => {
+  const { fetchImpl } = fakeFetch(
+    (_url, init) =>
+      new Promise((_, reject) =>
+        init.signal.addEventListener('abort', () => reject(init.signal.reason)),
+      ),
+  );
+  const source = createMapillarySource({ token: 'MLY|1|abc', fetchImpl });
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  const pending = source.nearestImages(
+    { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+    { signal: controller.signal },
+  );
+  const reason = new Error('the turn moved on');
+  controller.abort(reason);
+  await assert.rejects(pending, (error) => error === reason);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/state.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/state.js
index 7408b7dee..283e5eff6 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/state.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/state.js
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ export function freshStreet() {
     capturedAt: null,
     /** 'day', or 'month' for providers that date images by month (Google). */
     capturedAtPrecision: 'day',
+    /** Why the last nearest lookup opened nothing: 'empty', 'sky' or null. */
+    nearestOutcome: null,
     /** A place name for the caption (Google's address), or null. */
     title: null,
     /** Whether the open viewer has FIT/FILL render modes. */
diff --git a/src/streetLevelMarkup.test.mjs b/src/streetLevelMarkup.test.mjs
index 602a3b065..c7e848c3d 100644
--- a/src/streetLevelMarkup.test.mjs
+++ b/src/streetLevelMarkup.test.mjs
@@ -123,6 +123,15 @@ test('embed mode shows an open photo over the globe, filling the overlay', () =>
   assert.ok(overlay, 'embed styles the viewer it moves over the globe');
   for (const rule of ['position: fixed', 'inset: 12px', 'z-index: 1000'])
     assert.ok(overlay[1].includes(rule), rule);
+  // Cockpit, recording and scene playback own the screen: the photo hides.
+  for (const mode of ['cockpit-mode', 'recording-mode', 'scene-playback-mode'])
+    assert.match(
+      css,
+      new RegExp(
+        `body\\.ui-embed\\.${mode} \\.sl-viewer-wrap-embed[^{]*\\{[^}]*display: none`,
+      ),
+      mode,
+    );
   // The photo takes the overlay's height, as it does full screen.
   assert.match(
     css,
diff --git a/src/ui/applicationShell.js b/src/ui/applicationShell.js
index 80d20731e..fd509cf51 100644
--- a/src/ui/applicationShell.js
+++ b/src/ui/applicationShell.js
@@ -1222,6 +1222,8 @@ export class StyleManager extends ShellFacade {
   revealPanel(panelId) {
     const sheet = sheetForPanelId(panelId);
     if (sheet) this._mobileShell?.setSheet(sheet);
+    // The sheet opens at its top; a panel lower in the rail is scrolled to.
+    document.getElementById(panelId)?.scrollIntoView?.({ block: 'nearest' });
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/src/ui/revealPanel.test.mjs b/src/ui/revealPanel.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ed7696ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/revealPanel.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import test from 'node:test';
+import { StyleManager } from './applicationShell.js';
+
+test('revealing a panel opens its phone sheet and scrolls the panel into view', () => {
+  const sheets = [];
+  const scrolls = [];
+  const panel = { scrollIntoView: (options) => scrolls.push(options) };
+  const saved = globalThis.document;
+  globalThis.document = {
+    getElementById: (id) => (id === 'street-level-panel' ? panel : null),
+  };
+  try {
+    StyleManager.prototype.revealPanel.call(
+      { _mobileShell: { setSheet: (sheet) => sheets.push(sheet) } },
+      'street-level-panel',
+    );
+  } finally {
+    globalThis.document = saved;
+  }
+  assert.deepEqual(sheets, ['cameras']);
+  // The panel sits below the sheet's first screen at 375×812.
+  assert.deepEqual(scrolls, [{ block: 'nearest' }]);
+});
diff --git a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js
index fd2fdaee3..b84c8b9e1 100644
--- a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js
+++ b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js
@@ -285,8 +285,16 @@ export class StreetLevelControls {
       this._modesObserver = null;
       return;
     }
+    // Embed mode keeps Clean View on for its globe while the photo is lifted
+    // over it: there only recording and the cockpit end EXPAND.
     const leaveIfHiding = () => {
-      if (PANEL_HIDING_MODES.some((mode) => body.classList.contains(mode)))
+      if (
+        PANEL_HIDING_MODES.some(
+          (mode) =>
+            body.classList.contains(mode) &&
+            !(mode === 'ui-clean-view' && isEmbedPage()),
+        )
+      )
         this._exitExpanded();
     };
     if (!this._modesObserver && typeof MutationObserver === 'function') {
diff --git a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs
index d6d3927b8..e375b8413 100644
--- a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.test.mjs
@@ -622,6 +622,36 @@ for (const mode of ['ui-clean-view', 'recording-mode', 'cockpit-mode'])
       }
     }));
 
+test('in embed mode, which keeps Clean View on for its globe, EXPAND stays; the cockpit still ends it', () =>
+  withDom(async (dom) => {
+    const saved = globalThis.MutationObserver;
+    const watch = fakeMutationObserver();
+    globalThis.MutationObserver = watch.FakeObserver;
+    try {
+      dom.document.body.classList.add('ui-embed');
+      dom.document.body.classList.add('ui-clean-view');
+      const { layer, controls } = await stubPanel(
+        dom,
+        uiState({ open: false }),
+      );
+      await layer.publish(uiState({ open: true }));
+      dom.document.querySelector('#sl-viewer-expand').click();
+      await settle();
+      await settle();
+      watch.fire();
+      await settle();
+      assert.equal(controls.isViewerExpanded(), true, 'EXPAND stays open');
+      dom.document.body.classList.toggle('cockpit-mode', true);
+      watch.fire();
+      await settle();
+      await settle();
+      assert.equal(controls.isViewerExpanded(), false);
+      controls.destroy();
+    } finally {
+      globalThis.MutationObserver = saved;
+    }
+  }));
+
 /* ── Restores and keyboard rules ───────────────────────────────────────── */
 
 test('only an explicit switch-on opens the panel, unstored; a restore never does (P2-1)', () =>
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/embed.css b/src/ui/styles/embed.css
index a376ac5da..7810ad1be 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/embed.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/embed.css
@@ -22,6 +22,14 @@ body.ui-embed .sl-viewer-wrap-embed {
   z-index: 1000;
 }
 
+/* Cockpit, recording and scene playback own the screen, as they hide the
+   panel elsewhere: the lifted photo steps out of their way. */
+body.ui-embed.cockpit-mode .sl-viewer-wrap-embed,
+body.ui-embed.recording-mode .sl-viewer-wrap-embed,
+body.ui-embed.scene-playback-mode .sl-viewer-wrap-embed {
+  display: none;
+}
+
 body.ui-embed .sl-viewer-wrap-embed .sl-viewer-stage,
 body.ui-embed .sl-viewer-wrap-embed .sl-viewer {
   flex: 1 1 auto;
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.js b/src/voice/gevActions.js
index 7f18ed0cd..ec68cffa1 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.js
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.js
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ export function createGevActionRunner({
         const pending = dataManager.getAll?.().find((l) => l.id === layerId);
         reportProgress('layer', pending?.name || layerId);
       }
-      const changeOptions = { origin: 'voice' };
+      const changeOptions = { origin: actionIntentOrigin(runOptions) };
       if (runOptions.signal) changeOptions.signal = runOptions.signal;
       let changed = false;
       let changeError = null;
@@ -3446,6 +3446,18 @@ function normalizeStyle(value) {
   return null;
 }
 
+/** The application panel that holds the street-level photo. */
+const STREET_LEVEL_PANEL_ID = 'street-level-panel';
+
+/**
+ * The layer-state origin of an action's changes. The assistant's are the
+ * user's own choices and persist; a link replays someone else's view
+ * (`origin: 'programmatic'`) and never writes the recipient's preferences.
+ */
+function actionIntentOrigin(runOptions) {
+  return runOptions?.origin === 'programmatic' ? 'programmatic' : 'voice';
+}
+
 /**
  * "Show me <place> on Street View / on Mapillary": fly to the place, make sure
  * the imagery source's map is up, light that source in Street Level, turn the
@@ -3482,8 +3494,10 @@ export async function showStreetLevel(
     ...(provider ? { provider } : {}),
     ...(providerName ? { providerName } : {}),
     ...(label ? { label } : {}),
+    ...(atViewCentre ? { atViewCentre } : {}),
     ...extra,
   });
+  let atViewCentre = false;
   const query = String(args.query || '').trim();
   const latitude = Number(args.latitude);
   const longitude = Number(args.longitude);
@@ -3540,7 +3554,7 @@ export async function showStreetLevel(
     (entity ? String(entity.label || entity.id) : '') ||
     (hasCoordinates ? `${latitude.toFixed(4)}, ${longitude.toFixed(4)}` : '') ||
     'the view centre';
-  const atViewCentre = !query && !hasCoordinates && !entity;
+  atViewCentre = !query && !hasCoordinates && !entity;
   let point = null;
   let location = null;
   if (args.fly === false || atViewCentre) {
@@ -3564,7 +3578,8 @@ export async function showStreetLevel(
       point = { lat: place.lat, lon: place.lng };
       label = place.label || query;
     }
-    // No place at all: the layer looks under the view centre.
+    // No place at all: the layer looks at the ground under the screen
+    // centre, as the OPEN button does.
   } else {
     location = await runGevAction(
       'fly_to_location',
@@ -3646,7 +3661,7 @@ export async function showStreetLevel(
   if (typeof dataManager.setLayerParams === 'function')
     accepted =
       dataManager.setLayerParams(STREET_LEVEL_LAYER_ID, switches, {
-        origin: 'voice',
+        origin: actionIntentOrigin(runOptions),
       }) !== false;
   else layerModule.setProviderEnabled?.(provider, true);
   if (!accepted)
@@ -3712,6 +3727,9 @@ export async function showStreetLevel(
   const opened = await layerModule.openNearest(point, {
     providerIds: [provider],
     frame: false,
+    // Under the screen centre, not the middle of a tilted view's footprint;
+    // this request is the user's own, not a link's armed one.
+    ...(point ? {} : { aim: 'screen-centre', armed: false }),
     ...(runOptions.signal ? { signal: runOptions.signal } : {}),
     ...(snapshot.groundClick === true
       ? { radiusM: STREET_LEVEL_WIDE_RADIUS_M }
@@ -3744,6 +3762,19 @@ export async function showStreetLevel(
         street.error || 'Street Level changed while it looked for imagery',
         { cancelled: true, location },
       );
+    // The screen centre is sky: nothing was looked up.
+    if (street.nearestOutcome === 'sky')
+      return fail('imagery', street.error || 'Aim the view at a street', {
+        location,
+        aim: 'sky',
+      });
+    // The source or the viewer failed: an error, not missing coverage.
+    if (street.nearestOutcome !== 'empty')
+      return fail(
+        'imagery',
+        street.error || `${providerName} imagery could not be opened`,
+        { location, imageryError: true },
+      );
     // An imagery filter the source honours can hide every photo here; say
     // so, or the answer reads as "no coverage" when one switch would do.
     const filter = activeImageryFilter(layerModule.getUIState?.());
@@ -3751,9 +3782,17 @@ export async function showStreetLevel(
     return fail(
       'imagery',
       filter ? `${reason} with the ${filter.label} on` : reason,
-      { location, ...(filter ? { filter } : {}) },
+      { location, noImagery: true, ...(filter ? { filter } : {}) },
     );
   }
+  // Every explicit request shows its photo, also one replacing a photo whose
+  // panel or phone sheet the user had closed. Embed mode lifts the photo.
+  if (!globalThis.document?.body?.classList?.contains('ui-embed')) {
+    styleManager?.setPanelCollapsed?.(STREET_LEVEL_PANEL_ID, false, {
+      persist: false,
+    });
+    styleManager?.revealPanel?.(STREET_LEVEL_PANEL_ID);
+  }
   return {
     ok: true,
     action,
@@ -3767,6 +3806,7 @@ export async function showStreetLevel(
     position: street.position ?? null,
     externalUrl: street.externalUrl ?? null,
     flew: location !== null,
+    ...(atViewCentre ? { atViewCentre } : {}),
     ...(location ? { location: location.label } : {}),
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
index f059a24b6..775aea8d2 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
@@ -5715,8 +5715,13 @@ function createStreetLevelHarness({
   duringLookup = null,
   keyRejectedAtStart = false,
   lightFails = false,
+  imageryError = null,
+  sky = false,
 } = {}) {
   const order = [];
+  const lookups = [];
+  const origins = [];
+  const revealed = [];
   const { viewer, styleManager } = createVoiceNavigationHarness();
   let completeFlight = null;
   viewer.camera.lookAt = () => {};
@@ -5776,6 +5781,7 @@ function createStreetLevelHarness({
       order.push(`arm:${options.providerIds.join('+')}:${options.radiusM ?? 'default'}:${point ? `${point.lat},${point.lon}` : 'view-centre'}`);
     },
     async openNearest(point, options) {
+      lookups.push({ point, ...options });
       order.push(`open:${options.providerIds.join('+')}:${options.radiusM ?? 'default'}:${options.frame}${point ? '' : ':view-centre'}`);
       if (options.signal?.aborted) return false;
       if (duringLookup) {
@@ -5790,7 +5796,13 @@ function createStreetLevelHarness({
           return false;
         }
       }
+      if (imageryError) {
+        street.error = imageryError;
+        street.nearestOutcome = null;
+        return false;
+      }
       if (!nearest) {
+        street.nearestOutcome = options.aim === 'screen-centre' && sky ? 'sky' : 'empty';
         street.error = `No street-level imagery within ${options.radiusM ?? 50} m of ${point ? 'that point' : 'the view centre'}`;
         return false;
       }
@@ -5805,12 +5817,14 @@ function createStreetLevelHarness({
     isEnabled: () => enabled,
     getLayerParams: () => ({ ...params }),
     setLayerParams(id, next, { origin }) {
+      origins.push(origin);
       order.push(`params:${Object.entries(next).filter(([, on]) => on).map(([k]) => k).join('+')}:${origin}`);
       if (paramsAccepted === false) return false;
       if (!lightFails) params = { ...params, ...next };
       return true;
     },
-    async setEnabled(id) {
+    async setEnabled(id, _on, options) {
+      origins.push(options?.origin);
       order.push(`enable:${id}`);
       if (enableResult === false) return false;
       enabled = true;
@@ -5818,8 +5832,10 @@ function createStreetLevelHarness({
     },
     getAll: () => [{ id: 'street-level', name: 'Street Level', enabled }],
   };
+  styleManager.setPanelCollapsed = (id, collapsed) => revealed.push(`collapse:${id}:${collapsed}`);
+  styleManager.revealPanel = (id) => revealed.push(`reveal:${id}`);
   const runner = createGevActionRunner({ viewer, styleManager, dataManager });
-  return { runner, order, finishFlight: () => completeFlight?.(), layer, dataManager };
+  return { runner, order, finishFlight: () => completeFlight?.(), layer, dataManager, lookups, origins, revealed };
 }
 
 /** A loaded CCTV camera the entity branch can locate. */
@@ -6403,3 +6419,65 @@ test('show_street_level opens over the clean embedded globe but respects its oth
     globalThis.document = saved;
   }
 });
+
+test('show_street_level from a link keeps the recipient’s preferences: its switches are not the user’s', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const link = createStreetLevelHarness();
+  const linked = await link.runner(
+    'show_street_level',
+    { latitude: 1, longitude: 2, provider: 'mapillary', fly: false },
+    { origin: 'programmatic' },
+  );
+  assert.equal(linked.ok, true, linked.error);
+  assert.deepEqual(link.origins, ['programmatic', 'programmatic'], 'source switch and layer on');
+  const asked = createStreetLevelHarness();
+  await asked.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 1, longitude: 2, provider: 'mapillary', fly: false });
+  assert.deepEqual(asked.origins, ['voice', 'voice'], 'the assistant’s request is the user’s choice');
+});
+
+test('show_street_level with no place looks under the screen centre, not a link’s armed point', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const here = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true });
+  const result = await here.runner('show_street_level', { provider: 'mapillary' });
+  assert.equal(result.ok, true, result.error);
+  assert.equal(result.atViewCentre, true);
+  assert.equal(here.lookups[0].point, null);
+  assert.equal(here.lookups[0].aim, 'screen-centre');
+  assert.equal(here.lookups[0].armed, false);
+  const placed = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true });
+  await placed.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 1, longitude: 2, provider: 'mapillary', fly: false });
+  assert.equal(placed.lookups[0].aim, undefined, 'a place is looked up where it is');
+  const sky = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, nearest: null, sky: true });
+  const refused = await sky.runner('show_street_level', { provider: 'mapillary' });
+  assert.deepEqual([refused.ok, refused.stage, refused.aim], [false, 'imagery', 'sky']);
+});
+
+test('show_street_level tells missing imagery from a failing source', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const empty = await createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, nearest: null }).runner('show_street_level', {
+    latitude: 1, longitude: 2, provider: 'mapillary', fly: false,
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual([empty.stage, empty.noImagery, empty.imageryError], ['imagery', true, undefined]);
+  const broken = await createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, imageryError: 'Mapillary graph HTTP 500' }).runner(
+    'show_street_level',
+    { latitude: 1, longitude: 2, provider: 'mapillary', fly: false },
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual([broken.stage, broken.noImagery, broken.imageryError], ['imagery', undefined, true]);
+  assert.equal(broken.error, 'Mapillary graph HTTP 500');
+});
+
+test('show_street_level shows every photo it opens, also over a panel the user had closed', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const harness = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true });
+  await harness.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 1, longitude: 2, provider: 'mapillary', fly: false });
+  await harness.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 3, longitude: 4, provider: 'mapillary', fly: false });
+  assert.deepEqual(harness.revealed, [
+    'collapse:street-level-panel:false',
+    'reveal:street-level-panel',
+    'collapse:street-level-panel:false',
+    'reveal:street-level-panel',
+  ]);
+  const missing = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, nearest: null });
+  await missing.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 1, longitude: 2, provider: 'mapillary', fly: false });
+  assert.deepEqual(missing.revealed, [], 'nothing opened, nothing revealed');
+});
diff --git a/src/voice/speech.js b/src/voice/speech.js
index cd52adaa1..edb36e8a6 100644
--- a/src/voice/speech.js
+++ b/src/voice/speech.js
@@ -626,7 +626,11 @@ function showStreetLevel(result) {
   const shownSource = result?.providerName
     ? spokenLabel(result.providerName)
     : t('Street Level');
-  const shown = spokenLabel(localizePlaceName(result?.label || '')) || place;
+  // The view centre is a phrase, not a place name: the card says it in the
+  // interface language.
+  const shown = result?.atViewCentre
+    ? t('the view centre')
+    : spokenLabel(localizePlaceName(result?.label || '')) || place;
   if (result?.cancelled) return null;
   if (!result?.ok) {
     let say;
@@ -640,10 +644,15 @@ function showStreetLevel(result) {
     else if (result?.stage === 'layer') say = "Couldn't turn on Street Level.";
     else if (result?.stage === 'view')
       say = 'Street-level photos are hidden in this view. Leave it first.';
+    else if (result?.stage === 'imagery' && result?.aim === 'sky')
+      say = 'Aim the middle of the view at a street first.';
+    else if (result?.stage === 'imagery' && result?.filter?.label)
+      say = `No ${source} imagery near ${place} with the ${result.filter.label} on.`;
+    else if (result?.stage === 'imagery' && result?.noImagery === true)
+      say = `No ${source} imagery near ${place}.`;
+    // A service or viewer failure is not missing coverage.
     else if (result?.stage === 'imagery')
-      say = result?.filter?.label
-        ? `No ${source} imagery near ${place} with the ${result.filter.label} on.`
-        : `No ${source} imagery near ${place}.`;
+      say = `${source} could not open imagery near ${place}.`;
     else say = `Couldn't open ${source}.`;
     return {
       say,
diff --git a/src/voice/speech.test.mjs b/src/voice/speech.test.mjs
index e12c0feed..84d6f8d62 100644
--- a/src/voice/speech.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/speech.test.mjs
@@ -536,6 +536,22 @@ test('labels are bounded and cleaned before they are spoken', () => {
   );
 });
 
+test('the street-level card says "the view centre" in the interface language', () => {
+  setLocale('de');
+  try {
+    const out = envelope('show_street_level', {
+      ok: true,
+      providerName: 'Mapillary',
+      label: 'the view centre',
+      atViewCentre: true,
+    });
+    assert.equal(out.display.lines[0], 'die Bildmitte');
+    assert.match(out.say, /the view centre/, 'speech stays English');
+  } finally {
+    setLocale('en');
+  }
+});
+
 test('street-level speech names the source and the place, and says which step failed', () => {
   const ok = envelope('show_street_level', {
     ok: true,
@@ -556,7 +572,8 @@ test('street-level speech names the source and the place, and says which step fa
     map: "Google Street View needs the Google 3D map, which isn't available.",
     key: 'Google Street View needs its key.',
     layer: "Couldn't turn on Street Level.",
-    imagery: 'No Google Street View imagery near Nowhere.',
+    // A service or viewer failure, not missing coverage.
+    imagery: 'Google Street View could not open imagery near Nowhere.',
   };
   for (const [stage, say] of Object.entries(stages)) {
     const out = envelope('show_street_level', {
@@ -570,6 +587,24 @@ test('street-level speech names the source and the place, and says which step fa
     assertSpeakable(out.say);
     assert.deepEqual(out.display.lines, ['detail']);
   }
+  const empty = envelope('show_street_level', {
+    ok: false,
+    stage: 'imagery',
+    noImagery: true,
+    label: 'Nowhere',
+    providerName: 'Mapillary',
+  });
+  assert.equal(empty.say, 'No Mapillary imagery near Nowhere.');
+  const sky = envelope('show_street_level', {
+    ok: false,
+    stage: 'imagery',
+    aim: 'sky',
+    atViewCentre: true,
+    label: 'the view centre',
+    providerName: 'Mapillary',
+  });
+  assert.equal(sky.say, 'Aim the middle of the view at a street first.');
+  assertSpeakable(sky.say);
   const armed = envelope('show_street_level', {
     ok: true,
     armed: true,

From dd83812a21daeb83b3bedbd48e99d81d53d68195 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 2026 02:20:57 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 037/181] Hold Cockpit regional news to the last 24 hours, and
 tell its states apart
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Regional News showed "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE" above populated rows and a
static "RECENT" footer over months-old articles. The status banner kept
`display: grid` when hidden, every non-empty answer carried the unavailable
text, and nothing limited or sorted articles by age.

- One window (regionalNewsWindow.js, 24 h): the local proxy asks Google News
  with `when:1d` and GDELT for 24 h, drops undated, older or future-dated
  articles, sorts newest first, and reports newsWindowHours/newsFetchedAt.
- The Cockpit labels four states: fresh (banner hidden, "LAST 24 H"),
  kept after a failed refresh ("CACHED · REFRESH FAILED"), no news in the
  window, and unavailable. The footer lives in the news state, so it
  survives page and tab changes, and the client drops out-of-window rows.
- `.cockpit-brief-status[hidden]` now hides the banner.
---
 changelog.d/0-regional-news-freshness.md |   7 +
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                    |   9 +-
 scripts/package-boundaries.json          |  16 +-
 server/providers/regional/briefing.js    |   7 +-
 server/providers/regional/news.js        |  43 +++-
 src/data/regionalBrief.test.mjs          |  38 ++++
 src/data/regionalModel.js                |   7 +
 src/data/regionalNewsWindow.js           |  66 ++++++
 src/data/regionalProxy.test.mjs          |  48 +++++
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json                 |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/de.json                 |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/es.json                 |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json                 |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/it.json                 |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json                 |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json                 |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json                 |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json                 |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json              |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json            |   7 +-
 src/ui/cockpitBriefPages.js              |  26 ++-
 src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js                | 121 +++++++++--
 src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs          | 249 +++++++++++++++++++++--
 src/ui/styles/cockpit.css                |   8 +-
 24 files changed, 637 insertions(+), 85 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/0-regional-news-freshness.md
 create mode 100644 src/data/regionalNewsWindow.js

diff --git a/changelog.d/0-regional-news-freshness.md b/changelog.d/0-regional-news-freshness.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0d6d831f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/0-regional-news-freshness.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+- Cockpit Regional News holds its list to the last 24 hours, newest first, on
+  the server and in the client, and labels its four states apart: fresh
+  results with no banner and a `LAST 24 H` footer, earlier results kept after
+  a failed refresh as `CACHED · REFRESH FAILED`, `NO NEWS IN THE LAST 24 H`,
+  and `REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE`. The banner is now really hidden over a
+  populated list, and the footer no longer reverts to a static `RECENT` on a
+  page change.
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 3dd914597..084ad4f83 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -1932,8 +1932,9 @@ Overpass query validation, geometry simplification, disk caching and upstream
 transport now have separate modules; military-installation search reuses that
 transport. Regional briefing combines separate place, news and weather sources,
 while weather effects uses only the weather source.
-GDELT compact dates that do not name a real calendar instant keep the article
-with an unknown publication time. Existing process-scoped
+GDELT compact dates that do not name a real calendar instant normalize to an
+unknown publication time, and the 24-hour regional-news window then drops the
+article. Existing process-scoped
 caches, rate limits, stale fallbacks and route ordering are preserved.
 
 Local voice has separate HUD-summary, debug-log and Realtime-token handlers,
@@ -6096,11 +6097,11 @@ apply to `public/` assets or built-preview serving.
   `CONTEXT STANDBY`. The visible Cockpit actions, the `C` shortcut and voice use
   the same gate; voice entry still opens Contacts first, as its layer-targeted
   entry navigates through Contacts.
-- **Aircraft cockpit view:** selecting a commercial or military aircraft reveals a `COCKPIT` action (`C`) once that aircraft's own layer is on; Contacts is not required. The action shows in Contacts (`#cockpit-entry`) and under the Intel HUD's bottom-right readout (`#cockpit-entry-readout`, with the HUD on, in its Tactical and Cyber layouts), so entry needs no Contacts panel. Turning off the ridden aircraft's layer ends the view (the layer clears its tracking). When an air feed the surrounding picture uses is off, the Cockpit says so instead of blocking: Live Signals leads with `MILITARY FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE` or `FLIGHTS FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE`, and the Contact card shows that line in place of its inputs status, so a partial picture is never presented as complete. `control_cockpit` refuses entry with `entryBlockedReason` `contacts-starting` (a Context change in flight), `subject-layer-off` (the aircraft's layer, or with none tracked any aircraft layer, is off) or `no-tracked-aircraft`. Cockpit mode temporarily releases Cesium's orbit-follow transform and drives a first-person camera from the tracked aircraft's existing smoothed display position and course. Its concave helmet-visor HUD shows callsign, UTC time, coordinates, curved roll/pitch guides, and a seven-division heading tape. Ambient commercial and military AIR contacts use a Cockpit near/far band selected by the shared Display 3D mode: Proximity admits at 150 km and retains to 185 km; All admits at 400 km and retains to 450 km. The shared 3D toggle now applies in Cockpit: Off keeps in-range contacts as rotating 2D aircraft silhouettes, while On lets a ready admitted glTF take over without a drawing gap. The Cockpit model cap remains 60 and can only lower the map budget; in-range contacts that are capped or still loading remain 2D silhouettes instead of degrading to out-of-range dots. Contacts outside the selected band use small rotation-free cyan-white pips for civilian aircraft and amber pips for military. The pilot's own airframe is not drawn in first person, and exiting clears the Cockpit band and restores normal map silhouettes/models. The normal left accordion remains available for Layers and Authoring and keeps the same 26vh HUD-aligned anchor used in map mode, independent of whether the bottom-left Contact card is expanded or collapsed; the right-rail CCTV and Context chooser are hidden to avoid duplicating or overlapping the cockpit presentation. When the intelligence HUD is enabled, its classification, scene summary, collection/orbit metadata, coordinates, and imaging-status text remain visible as reduced peripheral cockpit telemetry; the optical center and flight instruments stay clear, and turning the HUD off still hides it. Ground speed, exact heading, and rendered altitude form one compact lower-center instrument cluster, keeping the horizon and peripheral view open. A second live altitude tape hugs the inside-right visor rim: its rail and nine moving ticks are derived from the same responsive keyhole radius, remain 20 px inside the circular edge even on wide displays, fade deeply at both vertical ends, and move continuously behind a fixed current-altitude pointer; its interval tightens automatically near the surface and it is suppressed on narrow screens. Cockpit mode also has a weather-backed transparent volumetric-cloud pass derived from the supplied FBM/domain-warped R&D shader. It renders at no more than 520×320, uses 24 ray steps/three FBM octaves at 12 FPS, is clipped to the visor, fails clear when Open-Meteo is unavailable, and stops its animation completely on cockpit exit. It does not restore the prior CPU weather canvases, precipitation, scene fog, or any map-mode effect. When Contacts is active for the tracked aircraft, the compact `CONTACT` rail adds the 250 km subject window, four cohort counts, nearest observed/mapped example with relative bearing and distance, freshness, explicit uncertainty, and Previous and Next controls plus its own collapse control. The mirrored right rail is a three-page **cockpit briefing carousel**: source-backed live signals, location-matched regional headlines, and physical-region/current-weather context from bundled Natural Earth polygons and Open-Meteo. It is manual-first: Previous, Next, and direct page controls are always available, and the visible `CYCLE OFF` / `CYCLE ON` control starts or stops the nine-second page cycle. The cycle pauses on hover or keyboard focus and stops while collapsed, hidden, or outside cockpit mode; live signal data continues refreshing either way. Empty news matches and unavailable news use compact text states rather than reserving an empty media frame; partial local data remains explicit. Article links open their original publisher, and no headline is treated as verified risk intelligence. On desktop both cockpit rails use the same width and share a bottom-aligned safe baseline in opposite corners above the peripheral MGRS/GSD/time telemetry, leaving both that text and the lower-center instrument cluster readable. They collapse independently to slim tabs without stopping live data updates. Narrow screens use separated top/bottom fallbacks. Empty-space globe clicks are inert while cockpit owns the camera; `C`, `Escape`, or `EXIT COCKPIT` explicitly exits and restores the same tracked entity and standard follow camera. Unknown feeds remain unknown, selection loss still exits safely without inventing a replacement track, and the cockpit never presents the summary as threat scoring or an all-clear. This is a desktop first-person presentation, not a WebXR session.
+- **Aircraft cockpit view:** selecting a commercial or military aircraft reveals a `COCKPIT` action (`C`) once that aircraft's own layer is on; Contacts is not required. The action shows in Contacts (`#cockpit-entry`) and under the Intel HUD's bottom-right readout (`#cockpit-entry-readout`, with the HUD on, in its Tactical and Cyber layouts), so entry needs no Contacts panel. Turning off the ridden aircraft's layer ends the view (the layer clears its tracking). When an air feed the surrounding picture uses is off, the Cockpit says so instead of blocking: Live Signals leads with `MILITARY FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE` or `FLIGHTS FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE`, and the Contact card shows that line in place of its inputs status, so a partial picture is never presented as complete. `control_cockpit` refuses entry with `entryBlockedReason` `contacts-starting` (a Context change in flight), `subject-layer-off` (the aircraft's layer, or with none tracked any aircraft layer, is off) or `no-tracked-aircraft`. Cockpit mode temporarily releases Cesium's orbit-follow transform and drives a first-person camera from the tracked aircraft's existing smoothed display position and course. Its concave helmet-visor HUD shows callsign, UTC time, coordinates, curved roll/pitch guides, and a seven-division heading tape. Ambient commercial and military AIR contacts use a Cockpit near/far band selected by the shared Display 3D mode: Proximity admits at 150 km and retains to 185 km; All admits at 400 km and retains to 450 km. The shared 3D toggle now applies in Cockpit: Off keeps in-range contacts as rotating 2D aircraft silhouettes, while On lets a ready admitted glTF take over without a drawing gap. The Cockpit model cap remains 60 and can only lower the map budget; in-range contacts that are capped or still loading remain 2D silhouettes instead of degrading to out-of-range dots. Contacts outside the selected band use small rotation-free cyan-white pips for civilian aircraft and amber pips for military. The pilot's own airframe is not drawn in first person, and exiting clears the Cockpit band and restores normal map silhouettes/models. The normal left accordion remains available for Layers and Authoring and keeps the same 26vh HUD-aligned anchor used in map mode, independent of whether the bottom-left Contact card is expanded or collapsed; the right-rail CCTV and Context chooser are hidden to avoid duplicating or overlapping the cockpit presentation. When the intelligence HUD is enabled, its classification, scene summary, collection/orbit metadata, coordinates, and imaging-status text remain visible as reduced peripheral cockpit telemetry; the optical center and flight instruments stay clear, and turning the HUD off still hides it. Ground speed, exact heading, and rendered altitude form one compact lower-center instrument cluster, keeping the horizon and peripheral view open. A second live altitude tape hugs the inside-right visor rim: its rail and nine moving ticks are derived from the same responsive keyhole radius, remain 20 px inside the circular edge even on wide displays, fade deeply at both vertical ends, and move continuously behind a fixed current-altitude pointer; its interval tightens automatically near the surface and it is suppressed on narrow screens. Cockpit mode also has a weather-backed transparent volumetric-cloud pass derived from the supplied FBM/domain-warped R&D shader. It renders at no more than 520×320, uses 24 ray steps/three FBM octaves at 12 FPS, is clipped to the visor, fails clear when Open-Meteo is unavailable, and stops its animation completely on cockpit exit. It does not restore the prior CPU weather canvases, precipitation, scene fog, or any map-mode effect. When Contacts is active for the tracked aircraft, the compact `CONTACT` rail adds the 250 km subject window, four cohort counts, nearest observed/mapped example with relative bearing and distance, freshness, explicit uncertainty, and Previous and Next controls plus its own collapse control. The mirrored right rail is a three-page **cockpit briefing carousel**: source-backed live signals, location-matched regional headlines, and physical-region/current-weather context from bundled Natural Earth polygons and Open-Meteo. It is manual-first: Previous, Next, and direct page controls are always available, and the visible `CYCLE OFF` / `CYCLE ON` control starts or stops the nine-second page cycle. The cycle pauses on hover or keyboard focus and stops while collapsed, hidden, or outside cockpit mode; live signal data continues refreshing either way. Regional News holds its list to the last 24 hours (`newsWindowHours` in the brief; the client drops anything older or undated even if a server sends it) and shows four distinct states: fresh results with no banner and a `{SOURCE} · LAST 24 H` footer; earlier results kept after a failed refresh under `CACHED · REFRESH FAILED` with the cached age in the footer; `NO NEWS IN THE LAST 24 H` when a source answered with nothing recent; and `REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE` when there is no place or no source answered, which clears the list only when there was nothing to keep. The footer follows that state across page changes. These are compact text states rather than an empty media frame; partial local data remains explicit. Article links open their original publisher, and no headline is treated as verified risk intelligence. On desktop both cockpit rails use the same width and share a bottom-aligned safe baseline in opposite corners above the peripheral MGRS/GSD/time telemetry, leaving both that text and the lower-center instrument cluster readable. They collapse independently to slim tabs without stopping live data updates. Narrow screens use separated top/bottom fallbacks. Empty-space globe clicks are inert while cockpit owns the camera; `C`, `Escape`, or `EXIT COCKPIT` explicitly exits and restores the same tracked entity and standard follow camera. Unknown feeds remain unknown, selection loss still exits safely without inventing a replacement track, and the cockpit never presents the summary as threat scoring or an all-clear. This is a desktop first-person presentation, not a WebXR session.
 - **Cockpit left-panel clearance:** the Cockpit Contact card and peripheral HUD participate in the adaptive left accordion's live obstacle measurements, including live viewport-height changes. Expanding Layers or Authoring keeps the active panel in the available upper-left corridor with internal scrolling; it does not cover the Contact card, lower Cockpit controls, or Cesium credit line. Outside Cockpit the hidden card does not alter the normal corridor.
 - **Cockpit Context scope:** the 250 km radius applies to the air/sea proximity cohorts. Installation counts come only from the currently loaded viewport and are labeled `CURRENT VIEWPORT ONLY` in the cockpit as well as the normal Context panel; neither surface presents them as a complete 250 km installation survey.
 - **Cockpit camera anchor:** first-person mode does not write feed-boundary corrections directly into the camera. A cockpit-only inertial anchor advances from the selected aircraft's displayed course and speed, then converges toward the authoritative delayed track with correction capped below forward motion. The displayed kinematics are derived from the same consecutive fix segment as the rendered position, with raw feed speed/course used only as fallback; a transient zero/missing feed speed therefore cannot freeze a visibly moving aircraft after layer enable or a map/cockpit handoff. Rendered altitude continues to come from that interpolated track position. Late ADS-B fixes and short render stalls can remove drift without accelerating or reversing the view. Camera placement runs before scene update/culling at a bounded 20 Hz so a moving cockpit does not force Photoreal 3D Tiles to retraverse on every display frame; textual instruments update at 10 Hz and context/layout work at 4 Hz. Every far Cockpit contact pip shares one stable Cesium texture-atlas entry and skips unused screen-projected course calculations, while only in-range 2D aircraft silhouettes pay the screen-projected rotation cost; ambient glTF collections are hidden/retained rather than synchronously destroyed at cockpit entry, and context rails lay out only on explicit content/state changes and viewport resize. The deliberate 15/30-second layer interpolation delays and per-Cesium-frame position caches remain unchanged.
-- **Cockpit route, vision, and view controls:** visible on-screen `COCKPIT`, `RESET`, and `EXIT COCKPIT` controls replace reliance on the `C` shortcut. RESET uses the same canonical globe route as the map and voice actions, exits Cockpit, and releases its camera ownership rather than exposing the hidden map-style top action. When the tracked commercial flight has a plausible ADSBDB route, the top of the right briefing rail shows a compact `FROM → TO` airport strip and the visor shows a centered estimated-destination chevron with its relative bearing; its destination label rounds to whole degrees in 000–359, wrapping rounded north to 000° while the chevron continues to use the relative bearing independently of label rounding; absent or implausible route data hides the strip and cue rather than guessing. The cockpit-local vision control is an interactive `PREV / CURRENT / NEXT` carousel over `NORMAL`, `CRT`, `NVG`, `FLIR`, `ANIME`, and `NOIR`; its previous/next actions wrap, and activating the current value advances to the next style. Cockpit enters on the active map preset, so a Cyber FLIR map opens Cockpit on FLIR while Normal remains a distinct option instead of producing a second FLIR entry. Cockpit choices temporarily activate the existing Cesium post-process stages, while exiting Cockpit through either EXIT or RESET restores the pre-entry map style. The regional-news page uses a free Google News RSS locality query first, with the existing GDELT query retained only as a fail-soft fallback; linked headlines remain reporting, not verified incidents or risk intelligence.
+- **Cockpit route, vision, and view controls:** visible on-screen `COCKPIT`, `RESET`, and `EXIT COCKPIT` controls replace reliance on the `C` shortcut. RESET uses the same canonical globe route as the map and voice actions, exits Cockpit, and releases its camera ownership rather than exposing the hidden map-style top action. When the tracked commercial flight has a plausible ADSBDB route, the top of the right briefing rail shows a compact `FROM → TO` airport strip and the visor shows a centered estimated-destination chevron with its relative bearing; its destination label rounds to whole degrees in 000–359, wrapping rounded north to 000° while the chevron continues to use the relative bearing independently of label rounding; absent or implausible route data hides the strip and cue rather than guessing. The cockpit-local vision control is an interactive `PREV / CURRENT / NEXT` carousel over `NORMAL`, `CRT`, `NVG`, `FLIR`, `ANIME`, and `NOIR`; its previous/next actions wrap, and activating the current value advances to the next style. Cockpit enters on the active map preset, so a Cyber FLIR map opens Cockpit on FLIR while Normal remains a distinct option instead of producing a second FLIR entry. Cockpit choices temporarily activate the existing Cesium post-process stages, while exiting Cockpit through either EXIT or RESET restores the pre-entry map style. The regional-news page uses a free Google News RSS locality query for the last day (`when:1d`) first, with the existing GDELT query (24 h timespan) retained only as a fail-soft fallback; both keep only articles published in the last 24 hours, newest first; linked headlines remain reporting, not verified incidents or risk intelligence.
 - Cockpit wind-direction labels wrap after rounding to whole degrees, so a direction of 359.5° displays as `N · 0°` rather than `N · 360°`.
 - The transit, ALPR, vessel, CCTV, Local ADS-B, flight and military context, awareness, Cockpit and Street Level heading readouts round through `roundHeadingDegrees` in `src/data/headingDegrees.js` (whole degrees 0–359, `null` when not finite, so each caller keeps its own placeholder); `normalizeHeading` lives there too and `cockpitMath.js` re-exports it. The Cockpit's `TRACK ACQUIRED` signal uses `formatHeadingReadout`, so a 359.6° track reads `COURSE 000°`.
 - **Cockpit missing observations:** missing local weather observations remain unknown rather than being converted to zero or clear skies, in the briefing and in the cloud effects; a missing temperature drops the whole local weather record, including its wind and condition.
diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index 7a20f7775..6ba148306 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
       "src/ui/views/panels/CockpitSignalList.vue",
       "src/ui/views/panels/CockpitUtilityControls.vue",
       "src/ui/cockpitBriefPages.js",
+      "src/data/regionalNewsWindow.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitContextState.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitInstrumentState.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitRollingValue.js",
@@ -467,6 +468,7 @@
       "server/providers/regional/weather-effects.js",
       "server/providers/regional/weather.js",
       "src/data/regionalModel.js",
+      "src/data/regionalNewsWindow.js",
       "src/geoDistance.js",
       "src/nominatimGeocode.js",
       "src/sources/httpBody.js",
@@ -566,6 +568,7 @@
       "src/search/nominatim.js",
       "src/nominatimGeocode.js",
       "src/data/regionalModel.js",
+      "src/data/regionalNewsWindow.js",
       "src/geoDistance.js",
       "src/data/naturalEarthRegions.js",
       "src/data/bundledJson.js",
@@ -863,6 +866,7 @@
       "src/ui/cockpit.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitBriefPages.js",
+      "src/data/regionalNewsWindow.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitContextState.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitInstrumentState.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitRollingValue.js",
@@ -992,6 +996,7 @@
       "src/ui/cockpit.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitBriefPages.js",
+      "src/data/regionalNewsWindow.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitContextState.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitInstrumentState.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitRollingValue.js",
@@ -2785,6 +2790,7 @@
       "src/ui/cockpit.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitBriefPages.js",
+      "src/data/regionalNewsWindow.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitContextState.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitInstrumentState.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitRollingValue.js",
@@ -3712,6 +3718,7 @@
       "src/search/nominatim.js",
       "src/nominatimGeocode.js",
       "src/data/regionalModel.js",
+      "src/data/regionalNewsWindow.js",
       "src/sources/httpBody.js",
       "src/i18n/marker.js",
       "src/sources/nominatim.js",
@@ -3955,6 +3962,7 @@
       "src/search/nominatim.js",
       "src/nominatimGeocode.js",
       "src/data/regionalModel.js",
+      "src/data/regionalNewsWindow.js",
       "src/sources/httpBody.js",
       "src/i18n/marker.js",
       "src/sources/nominatim.js",
@@ -4250,7 +4258,11 @@
   },
   "regional-source": {
     "exports": ["./sources/regional"],
-    "modules": ["src/data/regionalModel.js", "src/geoDistance.js"],
+    "modules": [
+      "src/data/regionalModel.js",
+      "src/data/regionalNewsWindow.js",
+      "src/geoDistance.js"
+    ],
     "external": []
   },
   "voice-action-schemas": {
@@ -4439,6 +4451,7 @@
       "src/search/google.js",
       "src/search/geospatial.js",
       "src/data/regionalModel.js",
+      "src/data/regionalNewsWindow.js",
       "src/geoDistance.js",
       "src/sources/httpBody.js",
       "src/i18n/marker.js",
@@ -4463,6 +4476,7 @@
       "src/nominatimGeocode.js",
       "src/search/geospatial.js",
       "src/data/regionalModel.js",
+      "src/data/regionalNewsWindow.js",
       "src/geoDistance.js",
       "src/sources/httpBody.js",
       "src/i18n/marker.js"
diff --git a/server/providers/regional/briefing.js b/server/providers/regional/briefing.js
index c5b17a12b..f56c7013c 100644
--- a/server/providers/regional/briefing.js
+++ b/server/providers/regional/briefing.js
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { fetchRegionalPlace } from './place.js';
 import { fetchRegionalWeather } from './weather.js';
 import { fetchRegionalNews } from './news.js';
 import { validRegionalPoint } from './query.js';
+import { REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS } from '../../../src/data/regionalModel.js';
 import { coalesceProxyRequest } from '../common/http.js';
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -50,10 +51,11 @@ function regionalBriefProxy({ placeProvider = fetchRegionalPlace } = {}) {
     if (!regionalBriefHasAnySource({ place, weather, news })) {
       throw new Error('All regional briefing sources unavailable');
     }
+    const retrievedAt = new Date().toISOString();
     const payload = {
       status:
         place && weather && news.status !== 'unavailable' ? 'ready' : 'partial',
-      retrievedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+      retrievedAt,
       coordinates: point,
       place,
       placeStatus: place ? 'ready' : 'unavailable',
@@ -62,6 +64,9 @@ function regionalBriefProxy({ placeProvider = fetchRegionalPlace } = {}) {
       newsStatus: news.status,
       newsQuery: news.query,
       newsSource: news.source,
+      newsWindowHours: REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS,
+      // A cached or stale answer keeps this, so the client can show its age.
+      newsFetchedAt: retrievedAt,
       articles: news.articles,
     };
     _regionalBriefCache.set(key, { payload, cachedAt: Date.now() });
diff --git a/server/providers/regional/news.js b/server/providers/regional/news.js
index 155dfa908..085a6ba72 100644
--- a/server/providers/regional/news.js
+++ b/server/providers/regional/news.js
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 import { fetchRegionalText, fetchRegionalJson } from './http.js';
-import { normalizeRegionalArticles } from '../../../src/data/regionalModel.js';
+import {
+  REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS,
+  googleNewsWindowOperator,
+  normalizeRegionalArticles,
+  recentRegionalArticles,
+} from '../../../src/data/regionalModel.js';
 
 function decodeRssText(value) {
   return String(value || '')
@@ -22,7 +27,10 @@ function rssTag(block, tag) {
   );
 }
 
-function normalizeRssArticles(xml, limit = 5) {
+// Feed items read before the window filter; Google returns about 100.
+const RSS_ITEM_CAP = 100;
+
+function normalizeRssArticles(xml, limit = RSS_ITEM_CAP) {
   const seen = new Set();
   const articles = [];
   for (const match of String(xml || '').matchAll(
@@ -57,12 +65,27 @@ function normalizeRssArticles(xml, limit = 5) {
   return articles;
 }
 
-async function fetchRegionalNews(place) {
+/**
+ * Headlines for a place from the last REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS, newest
+ * first: Google News RSS, then GDELT when RSS fails or has nothing recent.
+ * `empty` means a source answered with nothing in the window; `unavailable`
+ * means there was no place or no source answered.
+ * @param {{locality?: string, region?: string, country?: string}|null} place
+ * @param {{now?: () => number}} [options]
+ */
+async function fetchRegionalNews(place, { now = Date.now } = {}) {
   const query = place?.locality || place?.region || place?.country;
   if (!query)
     return { status: 'unavailable', query: null, articles: [], source: null };
+  const recent = (articles) =>
+    recentRegionalArticles(articles, {
+      now: now(),
+      windowHours: REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS,
+      limit: 5,
+    });
+  let answered = false;
   const rssParams = new URLSearchParams({
-    q: String(query).replace(/["\\]/g, ' ').trim(),
+    q: `${String(query).replace(/["\\]/g, ' ').trim()} ${googleNewsWindowOperator()}`,
     hl: 'en-US',
     gl: 'US',
     ceid: 'US:en',
@@ -75,7 +98,8 @@ async function fetchRegionalNews(place) {
         timeoutMs: 12_000,
       },
     );
-    const articles = normalizeRssArticles(xml, 5);
+    answered = true;
+    const articles = recent(normalizeRssArticles(xml));
     if (articles.length)
       return { status: 'ready', query, articles, source: 'Google News RSS' };
   } catch {
@@ -87,7 +111,7 @@ async function fetchRegionalNews(place) {
     format: 'json',
     maxrecords: '5',
     sort: 'datedesc',
-    timespan: '48h',
+    timespan: `${REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS}h`,
   });
   try {
     const payload = await fetchRegionalJson(
@@ -97,7 +121,7 @@ async function fetchRegionalNews(place) {
         timeoutMs: 12_000,
       },
     );
-    const articles = normalizeRegionalArticles(payload, 5);
+    const articles = recent(normalizeRegionalArticles(payload, 5));
     return {
       status: articles.length ? 'ready' : 'empty',
       query,
@@ -105,7 +129,10 @@ async function fetchRegionalNews(place) {
       source: 'GDELT fallback',
     };
   } catch {
-    return { status: 'unavailable', query, articles: [], source: null };
+    // An RSS answer with nothing recent is still a true empty result.
+    return answered
+      ? { status: 'empty', query, articles: [], source: 'Google News RSS' }
+      : { status: 'unavailable', query, articles: [], source: null };
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/data/regionalBrief.test.mjs b/src/data/regionalBrief.test.mjs
index 18094ec1c..4606b6ad1 100644
--- a/src/data/regionalBrief.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/regionalBrief.test.mjs
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import {
+  REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS,
+  googleNewsWindowOperator,
   normalizeRegionalArticles,
+  recentRegionalArticles,
+  regionalNewsWindowHours,
   normalizeRegionalPlace,
   normalizeRegionalWeather,
   regionalDistanceM,
@@ -61,3 +65,37 @@ test('regional distance handles nearby movement and missing positions', () => {
   assert.ok(distance > 11000 && distance < 11200);
   assert.equal(regionalDistanceM(null, null), Infinity);
 });
+
+test('regional news is held to one 24-hour window, newest first, undated dropped', () => {
+  assert.equal(REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS, 24);
+  assert.equal(googleNewsWindowOperator(), 'when:1d');
+  assert.equal(googleNewsWindowOperator(6), 'when:6h');
+  assert.equal(regionalNewsWindowHours('12'), 12);
+  assert.equal(regionalNewsWindowHours(0), 24);
+  assert.equal(regionalNewsWindowHours(undefined), 24);
+  const now = Date.parse('2026-11-04T12:00:00Z');
+  const at = (hours) => new Date(now - hours * 3_600_000).toISOString();
+  const rows = [
+    { title: 'a', publishedAt: at(23) },
+    { title: 'stale', publishedAt: at(25) },
+    { title: 'undated', publishedAt: null },
+    { title: 'garbled', publishedAt: 'not a date' },
+    { title: 'b', publishedAt: at(1) },
+    { title: 'future', publishedAt: at(-2) },
+    { title: 'c', publishedAt: at(5) },
+  ];
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    recentRegionalArticles(rows, { now }).map((row) => row.title),
+    ['b', 'c', 'a'],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    recentRegionalArticles(rows, { now, limit: 2 }).map((row) => row.title),
+    ['b', 'c'],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    recentRegionalArticles(rows, { now, windowHours: 4 }).map((row) => row.title),
+    ['b'],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(recentRegionalArticles([], { now }), []);
+  assert.deepEqual(recentRegionalArticles(undefined, { now }), []);
+});
diff --git a/src/data/regionalModel.js b/src/data/regionalModel.js
index 46f162d6f..281fc873f 100644
--- a/src/data/regionalModel.js
+++ b/src/data/regionalModel.js
@@ -55,6 +55,13 @@ export function normalizeRegionalPlace(payload) {
   };
 }
 
+export {
+  REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS,
+  googleNewsWindowOperator,
+  recentRegionalArticles,
+  regionalNewsWindowHours,
+} from './regionalNewsWindow.js';
+
 /** Normalize and deduplicate GDELT ArticleList output without trusting article HTML. */
 export function normalizeRegionalArticles(payload, limit = MAX_ARTICLES) {
   const rows = Array.isArray(payload?.articles) ? payload.articles : [];
diff --git a/src/data/regionalNewsWindow.js b/src/data/regionalNewsWindow.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15180eee0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/regionalNewsWindow.js
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/** The regional-news freshness window, shared by the servers and the Cockpit. */
+
+/** At most this many articles answer a regional brief. */
+export const REGIONAL_NEWS_ROWS = 5;
+
+/**
+ * The regional-news freshness window, in hours. The servers ask upstream for
+ * this window, drop anything older and report it as `newsWindowHours`; the
+ * Cockpit labels its list with it.
+ */
+export const REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS = 24;
+
+// A publish time this far ahead of the clock is skew, not a future story.
+const REGIONAL_NEWS_CLOCK_SKEW_MS = 15 * 60_000;
+
+/**
+ * A served window in hours, or the default when it is missing or out of range.
+ * @param {unknown} value
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+export function regionalNewsWindowHours(value) {
+  const hours = Number(value);
+  return Number.isInteger(hours) && hours >= 1 && hours <= 168
+    ? hours
+    : REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The Google News search operator asking for the window: `when:1d` for 24 h.
+ * @param {number} [hours]
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+export function googleNewsWindowOperator(hours = REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS) {
+  const span = regionalNewsWindowHours(hours);
+  return span % 24 === 0 ? `when:${span / 24}d` : `when:${span}h`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The articles published inside the window, newest first, at most `limit`.
+ * An article without a parseable publish time is dropped: nothing shows it is
+ * recent. One dated more than 15 minutes ahead of `now` is dropped too.
+ * @param {Array<{publishedAt?: string|null}>} articles
+ * @param {{now?: number, windowHours?: number, limit?: number}} [options]
+ * @returns {Array<object>}
+ */
+export function recentRegionalArticles(
+  articles,
+  {
+    now = Date.now(),
+    windowHours = REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS,
+    limit = REGIONAL_NEWS_ROWS,
+  } = {},
+) {
+  const oldest = now - regionalNewsWindowHours(windowHours) * 3_600_000;
+  return (Array.isArray(articles) ? articles : [])
+    .map((article) => ({ article, at: Date.parse(article?.publishedAt) }))
+    .filter(
+      ({ at }) =>
+        Number.isFinite(at) &&
+        at >= oldest &&
+        at <= now + REGIONAL_NEWS_CLOCK_SKEW_MS,
+    )
+    .sort((a, b) => b.at - a.at)
+    .slice(0, Math.max(0, limit))
+    .map(({ article }) => article);
+}
diff --git a/src/data/regionalProxy.test.mjs b/src/data/regionalProxy.test.mjs
index 97891bef8..b1e56da36 100644
--- a/src/data/regionalProxy.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/regionalProxy.test.mjs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import createViteConfig, {
   validMilitaryInstallationBox,
   validRegionalPoint,
 } from '../../vite.config.js';
+import { fetchRegionalNews } from '../../server/providers/regional/news.js';
 
 test('missing Google place context is a quiet keyless capability, not a 503', () => {
   assert.deepEqual(keylessGooglePlacesResponse(undefined), {
@@ -113,3 +114,50 @@ test('regional brief treats an all-source outage as total failure', () => {
     news: { status: 'unavailable' },
   }), true);
 });
+
+test('local regional news asks for the last day, drops old and undated items, newest first', async (t) => {
+  const realFetch = globalThis.fetch;
+  t.after(() => { globalThis.fetch = realFetch; });
+  const urls = [];
+  let rss;
+  let gdelt;
+  globalThis.fetch = async (url) => {
+    urls.push(new URL(String(url)));
+    const answer = String(url).includes('news.google') ? rss : gdelt;
+    return typeof answer === 'function' ? answer() : answer.clone();
+  };
+  const at = (hours) => new Date(Date.now() - hours * 3_600_000).toUTCString();
+  const item = (title, date) =>
+    `<item><title>${title}</title><link>https://news.example/${title}</link>${date ? `<pubDate>${date}</pubDate>` : ''}</item>`;
+  rss = new Response(`<rss><channel>${[
+    item('old', at(4 * 24)),
+    item('undated', null),
+    item('day', at(20)),
+    item('hour', at(1)),
+  ].join('')}</channel></rss>`);
+  const place = { locality: 'Austin' };
+  const ready = await fetchRegionalNews(place);
+  assert.equal(urls[0].searchParams.get('q'), 'Austin when:1d');
+  assert.equal(ready.status, 'ready');
+  assert.deepEqual(ready.articles.map((row) => row.title), ['hour', 'day']);
+
+  // Nothing recent in RSS: GDELT is asked for the same 24 h window.
+  rss = new Response(`<rss><channel>${item('old', at(30))}</channel></rss>`);
+  gdelt = Response.json({ articles: [] });
+  urls.length = 0;
+  const empty = await fetchRegionalNews(place);
+  assert.equal(urls[1].searchParams.get('timespan'), '24h');
+  assert.deepEqual(empty, { status: 'empty', query: 'Austin', articles: [], source: 'GDELT fallback' });
+
+  // RSS answered with nothing recent and GDELT failed: still a true empty.
+  rss = new Response('<rss><channel></channel></rss>');
+  gdelt = () => Promise.reject(new TypeError('network'));
+  assert.equal((await fetchRegionalNews(place)).status, 'empty');
+
+  // Neither source answered, or no place: unavailable.
+  rss = () => Promise.resolve(new Response('busy', { status: 503 }));
+  const failed = await fetchRegionalNews(place);
+  assert.equal(failed.status, 'unavailable');
+  assert.deepEqual(failed.articles, []);
+  assert.equal((await fetchRegionalNews(null)).status, 'unavailable');
+});
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index f32216a1e..186bd4e1e 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -388,11 +388,12 @@
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "المكان / الأحوال / الموضع",
   "POSITION UNAVAILABLE": "الموضع غير متاح",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "الأخبار الإقليمية غير متاحة",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "مخزنة · فشل التحديث",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "المنطقة غير متاحة",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "لا توجد تقارير حديثة مطابقة للموقع",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "لا أخبار خلال آخر {hours} س",
   "SOURCE": "المصدر",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · استعلام الموقع",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · مخزنة {age}",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "الوقت غير معروف",
   "{count}M AGO": "قبل {count} د",
   "{count}H AGO": "قبل {count} س",
@@ -2194,7 +2195,7 @@
   "ADS-B PRIORITY · {status}": "أولوية ADS-B · {status}",
   "ADS-B EMERGENCY · {status}": "طوارئ ADS-B · {status}",
   "{aircraftClass} · {emergency} · {feedState}": "{aircraftClass} · {emergency} · {feedState}",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · استعلام الموقع · حديث",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · آخر {hours} س",
   "Rendered globe frames per second · toggle with `": "إطارات الكرة الأرضية المعروضة في الثانية · بدّل بالمفتاح `",
   "Ground heights could not be refreshed. Try the file again when the map has loaded.": "تعذّر تحديث ارتفاعات الأرض. أعد استيراد الملف بعد تحميل الخريطة.",
   "{count} map objects": {
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index b9d89d2fb..0fa269e20 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -399,13 +399,14 @@
   "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "Briefing-Seiten automatisch alle 9 Sekunden wechseln (Signale → News → Lokal). Pausiert, solange sich der Mauszeiger über dem Bereich befindet oder dieser den Fokus hat. Live-Signaldaten werden in beiden Fällen laufend aktualisiert.",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "REGIONALE NEWS WERDEN ERFASST",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "REGIONALE NEWS NICHT VERFÜGBAR",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "CACHE · AKTUALISIERUNG FEHLGESCHLAGEN",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "REGION WIRD ERMITTELT",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "REGION NICHT VERFÜGBAR",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "KEINE AKTUELLEN ORTSTREFFER",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "KEINE NEWS IN DEN LETZTEN {hours} H",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "WOLKEN {pct} %",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "WOLKEN UNBEKANNT",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · ORTSABFRAGE",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · CACHE {age}",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "REGIONALE NEWS",
   "CONTEXT STANDBY": "KONTEXT STANDBY",
   "ENABLE GLOBAL CONTEXT FOR PROXIMITY PINGS": "GLOBALEN KONTEXT FÜR NÄHE-PINGS AKTIVIEREN",
@@ -2094,7 +2095,7 @@
   "ADS-B PRIORITY · {status}": "ADS-B-PRIORITÄT · {status}",
   "ADS-B EMERGENCY · {status}": "ADS-B-NOTFALL · {status}",
   "{aircraftClass} · {emergency} · {feedState}": "{aircraftClass} · {emergency} · {feedState}",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · ORTSABFRAGE · AKTUELL",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · LETZTE {hours} H",
   "Rendered globe frames per second · toggle with `": "Gerenderte Globus-Frames pro Sekunde · umschalten mit `",
   "Ground heights could not be refreshed. Try the file again when the map has loaded.": "Geländehöhen konnten nicht aktualisiert werden. Die Datei erneut laden, wenn die Karte geladen ist.",
   "{count} map objects": {
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index 6fefd6d91..078096514 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -274,11 +274,12 @@
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "LUGAR / CLIMA / POSICIÓN",
   "POSITION UNAVAILABLE": "POSICIÓN NO DISPONIBLE",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "NOTICIAS DE ZONA NO DISPONIBLES",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "EN CACHÉ · ERROR AL ACTUALIZAR",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "REGIÓN NO DISPONIBLE",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "SIN COINCIDENCIAS RECIENTES DE UBICACIÓN",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "SIN NOTICIAS EN LAS ÚLTIMAS {hours} H",
   "SOURCE": "FUENTE",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · CONSULTA POR UBICACIÓN",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · EN CACHÉ {age}",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "HORA DESCONOCIDA",
   "{count}M AGO": "HACE {count} MIN",
   "{count}H AGO": "HACE {count} H",
@@ -1923,7 +1924,7 @@
   "MILITARY FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE": "FUENTE MILITAR DESACTIVADA · PANORAMA PARCIAL",
   "FLIGHTS FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE": "FUENTE DE VUELOS DESACTIVADA · PANORAMA PARCIAL",
   "NEARBY AIRCRAFT INCOMPLETE · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "AERONAVES CERCANAS INCOMPLETAS · NO IMPLICA TODO DESPEJADO",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · CONSULTA POR UBICACIÓN · RECIENTE",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · ÚLTIMAS {hours} H",
   "ft": "ft",
   "kts": "kn",
   "PAUSE": "PAUSA",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index 85957a6c8..3ce27c53c 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -1649,14 +1649,15 @@
   "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "Faire défiler automatiquement les pages du briefing toutes les 9 secondes (Signaux → Actus → Local). Pause pendant le survol ou quand le panneau a le focus. Les signaux en direct s'actualisent en continu dans les deux cas.",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "ACQUISITION DES ACTUS RÉGIONALES",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "ACTUS RÉGIONALES INDISPONIBLES",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "EN CACHE · ÉCHEC DE L’ACTUALISATION",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "IDENTIFICATION DE LA RÉGION",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "RÉGION INDISPONIBLE",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "AUCUNE ACTU RÉCENTE POUR CE LIEU",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "AUCUNE ACTU CES {hours} DERNIÈRES H",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
   "{value} KM/H": "{value} KM/H",
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "NÉBULOSITÉ {pct} %",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "NÉBULOSITÉ INCONNUE",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · REQUÊTE DE LIEU",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · EN CACHE {age}",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "ACTUS RÉGIONALES",
   "{label} · {radius} AIR/SEA WINDOW": "{label} · AIR/MER {radius}",
   "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS : {coverage}",
@@ -1716,7 +1717,7 @@
   "OBSERVED / MAPPED PINGS": "PINGS OBSERVÉS / CARTOGRAPHIÉS",
   "SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS": "ÉVÉNEMENTS SOURCÉS · AUCUNE ACTU SYNTHÉTIQUE",
   "LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING": "DERNIÈRES ACTUS LIÉES AU LIEU",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · REQUÊTE DE LIEU · RÉCENT",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · {hours} DERNIÈRES H",
   "LOCAL INFO": "INFOS LOCALES",
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "LIEU / CONDITIONS / POSITION",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "HEURE INCONNUE",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index add839aac..36f25a0cf 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -1649,14 +1649,15 @@
   "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "Scorri automaticamente le pagine del briefing ogni 9 secondi (Segnali → Notizie → Locale). Lo scorrimento si interrompe quando passi sul pannello o lo selezioni. I dati dei segnali live si aggiornano comunque di continuo.",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "ACQUISIZIONE NOTIZIE REGIONALI",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "NOTIZIE REGIONALI NON DISPONIBILI",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "IN CACHE · AGGIORNAMENTO NON RIUSCITO",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "IDENTIFICAZIONE REGIONE",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "REGIONE NON DISPONIBILE",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "NESSUNA CORRISPONDENZA RECENTE PER POSIZIONE",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "NESSUNA NOTIZIA NELLE ULTIME {hours} H",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
   "{value} KM/H": "{value} KM/H",
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "NUVOLE {pct}%",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "NUVOLE N/D",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · QUERY PER POSIZIONE",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · IN CACHE {age}",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "NOTIZIE REGIONALI",
   "{label} · {radius} AIR/SEA WINDOW": "{label} · ARIA/MARE {radius}",
   "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · SITI {coverage}",
@@ -1716,7 +1717,7 @@
   "OBSERVED / MAPPED PINGS": "PING OSSERVATI / MAPPATI",
   "SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS": "EVENTI DA FONTI · NESSUNA NOTIZIA SINTETICA",
   "LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING": "ULTIME NOTIZIE PER POSIZIONE",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · QUERY PER POSIZIONE · RECENTI",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · ULTIME {hours} H",
   "LOCAL INFO": "INFO LOCALI",
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "LUOGO / CONDIZIONI / POSIZIONE",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "ORA SCONOSCIUTA",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index dde397f27..e586716f8 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -1601,14 +1601,15 @@
   "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "9秒ごとにブリーフィングページを自動で切り替えます（シグナル → ニュース → ローカル）。パネルにカーソルを合わせるかフォーカスしている間は一時停止します。ライブシグナルのデータは、どちらの場合も継続的に更新されます。",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "地域ニュースを取得中",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "地域ニュースを取得できません",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "キャッシュ · 更新失敗",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "地域を特定中",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "地域を取得できません",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "この地域の最近のニュースなし",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "過去{hours}時間のニュースなし",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
   "{value} KM/H": "{value} km/h",
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "雲量 {pct}%",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "雲量不明",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · 位置クエリ",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · キャッシュ {age}",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "地域ニュース",
   "{label} · {radius} AIR/SEA WINDOW": "{label} · 航空機/船舶の範囲 {radius}",
   "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · 施設 {coverage}",
@@ -1666,7 +1667,7 @@
   "OBSERVED / MAPPED PINGS": "観測 / マップ済みピング",
   "SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS": "出典付きイベントのみ · 合成ニュースなし",
   "LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING": "位置に一致する最新の報道",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · 位置クエリ · 最近",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · 過去{hours}時間",
   "LOCAL INFO": "ローカル情報",
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "場所 / 天候 / 位置",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "時刻不明",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index 5b4b793eb..13d3fbc85 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -1649,14 +1649,15 @@
   "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "Alternar as páginas do briefing automaticamente a cada 9 segundos (Sinais → Notícias → Local). A alternância pausa enquanto você passa o mouse ou foca o painel. Os dados de sinais ao vivo continuam sendo atualizados de qualquer forma.",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "OBTENDO NOTÍCIAS DA ÁREA",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "NOTÍCIAS DA ÁREA INDISPONÍVEIS",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "EM CACHE · FALHA AO ATUALIZAR",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "IDENTIFICANDO REGIÃO",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "REGIÃO INDISPONÍVEL",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "NENHUMA CORRESPONDÊNCIA RECENTE COM O LOCAL",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "SEM NOTÍCIAS NAS ÚLTIMAS {hours} H",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
   "{value} KM/H": "{value} KM/H",
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "NUVENS {pct}%",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "NEBULOSIDADE DESCONHECIDA",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · CONSULTA POR LOCAL",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · EM CACHE {age}",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "NOTÍCIAS DA ÁREA",
   "{label} · {radius} AIR/SEA WINDOW": "{label} · AR/MAR {radius}",
   "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · INSTALAÇÕES: {coverage}",
@@ -1716,7 +1717,7 @@
   "OBSERVED / MAPPED PINGS": "PINGS OBSERVADOS / MAPEADOS",
   "SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS": "EVENTOS COM FONTE · SEM NOTÍCIAS SINTÉTICAS",
   "LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING": "ÚLTIMAS NOTÍCIAS DO LOCAL",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · CONSULTA POR LOCAL · RECENTE",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · ÚLTIMAS {hours} H",
   "LOCAL INFO": "INFO LOCAL",
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "LUGAR / CONDIÇÕES / POSIÇÃO",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "HORA DESCONHECIDA",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index 1ffa64ac1..766af1005 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -366,10 +366,11 @@
   "OVERCAST": "ПАСМУРНО",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "ЗАГРУЗКА РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ НОВОСТЕЙ",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ НОВОСТИ НЕДОСТУПНЫ",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "КЭШ · ОБНОВЛЕНИЕ НЕ УДАЛОСЬ",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ РЕГИОНА",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "РЕГИОН НЕДОСТУПЕН",
   "FOG": "ТУМАН",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "НЕТ СВЕЖИХ СОВПАДЕНИЙ ПО МЕСТУ",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "НЕТ НОВОСТЕЙ ЗА {hours} Ч",
   "DRIZZLE": "МОРОСЬ",
   "RAIN": "ДОЖДЬ",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
@@ -381,7 +382,7 @@
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "ОБЛАЧНОСТЬ {pct}%",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "ОБЛАЧНОСТЬ НЕИЗВЕСТНА",
   "MIXED CONDITIONS": "СМЕШАННЫЕ УСЛОВИЯ",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · ЗАПРОС ПО МЕСТУ",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · КЭШ {age}",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "НОВОСТИ РЕГИОНА",
   "CYCLE ON": "АВТО: ВКЛ",
   "CYCLE OFF": "АВТО: ВЫКЛ",
@@ -1956,7 +1957,7 @@
   "MILITARY FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE": "ВОЕННЫЙ ПОТОК ВЫКЛ · КАРТИНА НЕПОЛНАЯ",
   "FLIGHTS FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE": "ПОТОК РЕЙСОВ ВЫКЛ · КАРТИНА НЕПОЛНАЯ",
   "NEARBY AIRCRAFT INCOMPLETE · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "БЛИЖНИЕ ВОЗДУШНЫЕ СУДА: ДАННЫЕ НЕПОЛНЫЕ · ОТСУТСТВИЕ УГРОЗ НЕ ПОДТВЕРЖДЕНО",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · ЗАПРОС ПО МЕСТУ · НЕДАВНИЕ",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · ЗА {hours} Ч",
   "ft": "фт",
   "kts": "уз",
   "PAUSE": "ПАУЗА",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index 5c93f74b7..388ea566d 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -1672,14 +1672,15 @@
   "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "Автоматично гортає сторінки брифінгу кожні 9 секунд (Сигнали → Новини → Місцеві дані). Пауза, доки ви наводите вказівник на панель або вона у фокусі. Дані сигналів у реальному часі однаково оновлюються безперервно.",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "ОТРИМАННЯ РЕГІОНАЛЬНИХ НОВИН",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ НОВИНИ НЕДОСТУПНІ",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "КЕШ · ОНОВЛЕННЯ НЕ ВДАЛОСЯ",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ РЕГІОНУ",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "РЕГІОН НЕДОСТУПНИЙ",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "НЕМАЄ СВІЖИХ ЗБІГІВ ЗА РОЗТАШУВАННЯМ",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "НЕМАЄ НОВИН ЗА {hours} ГОД",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
   "{value} KM/H": "{value} КМ/ГОД",
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "ХМАРНІСТЬ {pct}%",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "ХМАРНІСТЬ НЕВІДОМА",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · ЗАПИТ ЗА РОЗТАШУВАННЯМ",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · КЕШ {age}",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ НОВИНИ",
   "{label} · {radius} AIR/SEA WINDOW": "{label} · РЕЙСИ / СУДНА · РАДІУС {radius}",
   "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · ОБʼЄКТИ: {coverage}",
@@ -1740,7 +1741,7 @@
   "OBSERVED / MAPPED PINGS": "СПОСТЕРЕЖЕНІ / НАНЕСЕНІ КОНТАКТИ",
   "SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS": "ПОДІЇ ПІДТВЕРДЖЕНІ ДЖЕРЕЛАМИ · БЕЗ ІМІТОВАНИХ НОВИН",
   "LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING": "ОСТАННІ ПУБЛІКАЦІЇ ЗА РОЗТАШУВАННЯМ",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · ЗАПИТ ЗА РОЗТАШУВАННЯМ · НЕЩОДАВНІ",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · ЗА {hours} ГОД",
   "LOCAL INFO": "МІСЦЕВІ ДАНІ",
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "МІСЦЕ / УМОВИ / ПОЗИЦІЯ",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "ЧАС НЕВІДОМИЙ",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index 828baa256..912582289 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -1577,14 +1577,15 @@
   "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "每 9 秒自动轮换简报页面（信号 → 新闻 → 本地）。悬停或聚焦面板时暂停。无论是否轮换，实时信号数据都会持续刷新。",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "正在获取地区新闻",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "地区新闻不可用",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "缓存 · 刷新失败",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "正在解析区域",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "区域不可用",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "暂无近期位置匹配结果",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "过去 {hours} 小时无新闻",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
   "{value} KM/H": "{value} km/h",
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "云量 {pct}%",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "云量未知",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · 位置查询",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · 缓存 {age}",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "地区新闻",
   "{label} · {radius} AIR/SEA WINDOW": "{label} · {radius} 空/海监视窗口",
   "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · 设施 {coverage}",
@@ -1642,7 +1643,7 @@
   "OBSERVED / MAPPED PINGS": "观测 / 地图标注目标",
   "SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS": "来源可查的事件 · 无合成新闻",
   "LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING": "当前地区最新报道",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · 位置查询 · 近期",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · 过去 {hours} 小时",
   "LOCAL INFO": "本地信息",
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "地点 / 状况 / 位置",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "时间未知",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index e08b69304..628c71284 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -1567,14 +1567,15 @@
   "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "每 9 秒自動輪換簡報頁面（信號 → 新聞 → 本地）。懸停或聚焦面板時暫停。無論是否輪換，實時信號數據都會持續刷新。",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "正在獲取地區新聞",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "地區新聞不可用",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "快取 · 重新整理失敗",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "正在解析區域",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "區域不可用",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "暫無近期位置匹配結果",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "過去 {hours} 小時無新聞",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
   "{value} KM/H": "{value} km/h",
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "雲量 {pct}%",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "雲量未知",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · 位置查詢",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · 快取 {age}",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "地區新聞",
   "{label} · {radius} AIR/SEA WINDOW": "{label} · {radius} 空/海監視窗口",
   "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · 設施 {coverage}",
@@ -1632,7 +1633,7 @@
   "OBSERVED / MAPPED PINGS": "觀測 / 地圖標註目標",
   "SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS": "來源可查的事件 · 無合成新聞",
   "LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING": "當前地區最新報道",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · 位置查詢 · 近期",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · 過去 {hours} 小時",
   "LOCAL INFO": "本地信息",
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "地點 / 狀況 / 位置",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "時間未知",
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitBriefPages.js b/src/ui/cockpitBriefPages.js
index e92488831..9f75c83d8 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitBriefPages.js
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitBriefPages.js
@@ -1,9 +1,29 @@
 /**
  * The Cockpit briefing's pages and the state it starts in. It needs only the
- * i18n module, so the controller and the view can both read it.
+ * i18n module and the regional-news window, so the controller and the view
+ * can both read it.
  */
+import { REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS } from '../data/regionalNewsWindow.js';
 import { msg, t } from '../i18n/index.js';
 
+// i18n-ignore: provider name
+/** The news feed named before any briefing has answered. */
+export const DEFAULT_NEWS_SOURCE = 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS';
+
+/**
+ * The Regional News footer for a fresh, empty or unavailable list: the feed
+ * and the window its articles are held to.
+ * @param {string} [source]
+ * @param {number} [hours]
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+export function newsWindowFooter(
+  source = DEFAULT_NEWS_SOURCE,
+  hours = REGIONAL_NEWS_WINDOW_HOURS,
+) {
+  return t('{source} · LAST {hours} H', { source, hours });
+}
+
 export const COCKPIT_BRIEF_PAGES = [
   {
     id: 'signals',
@@ -15,8 +35,7 @@ export const COCKPIT_BRIEF_PAGES = [
     id: 'news',
     kickerKey: msg('REGIONAL NEWS'),
     subtitleKey: msg('LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING'),
-    sourceKey: msg('{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT'),
-    sourceName: 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS', // i18n-ignore: provider name
+    // The news footer comes from the news state (`news.footer`), not here.
   },
   {
     id: 'local',
@@ -60,6 +79,7 @@ export function createBriefState() {
       statusHidden: false,
       state: null,
       status: t('ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS'),
+      footer: newsWindowFooter(),
       articles: [],
     },
     local: {
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js b/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js
index a5c6d8c5a..738c8af80 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js
@@ -12,7 +12,14 @@ import {
   COCKPIT_BRIEF_PAGES,
   CYCLE_HELP_KEYS,
   createBriefState,
+  newsWindowFooter,
 } from './cockpitBriefPages.js';
+import {
+  recentRegionalArticles,
+  regionalNewsWindowHours,
+} from '../data/regionalNewsWindow.js';
+
+const NEWS_ROWS = 4;
 
 // regionalModel.weatherCodeLabel is shared with node code and returns
 // English; translate it here.
@@ -52,9 +59,13 @@ export function showBriefPage(index, { manual = false } = {}) {
     kicker: t(page.kickerKey),
     subtitle: t(page.subtitleKey),
     position: `${this.briefPageIndex + 1} / ${count}`,
-    source: page.sourceKey
-      ? t(page.sourceKey, { source: page.sourceName })
-      : page.source,
+    // The news footer follows the news state, so it survives page changes.
+    source:
+      page.id === 'news'
+        ? this.brief.news.footer
+        : page.sourceKey
+          ? t(page.sourceKey)
+          : page.source,
   });
   this.publishBriefView();
   if (manual && this.briefAutoRotateEnabled)
@@ -196,8 +207,8 @@ export function maybeRefreshRegionalBrief(info) {
         subjectId !== this.regionalBriefSubjectId
       )
         return;
-      this.regionalBrief = payload;
-      this.renderRegionalBrief(payload, info);
+      this.regionalBrief = withCachedNews(payload, this.regionalBrief);
+      this.renderRegionalBrief(this.regionalBrief, info);
     })
     .catch((error) => {
       if (
@@ -206,7 +217,11 @@ export function maybeRefreshRegionalBrief(info) {
         requestToken === this.regionalBriefRequestToken &&
         subjectId === this.regionalBriefSubjectId
       ) {
-        this.renderRegionalBriefStatus('unavailable', info);
+        if (this.regionalBrief) {
+          const previous = this.regionalBrief;
+          this.regionalBrief = cachedNews(previous, previous);
+          this.renderRegionalBrief(this.regionalBrief, info);
+        } else this.renderRegionalBriefStatus('unavailable', info);
       }
     })
     .finally(() => {
@@ -215,6 +230,75 @@ export function maybeRefreshRegionalBrief(info) {
     });
 }
 
+/**
+ * A brief whose news comes from `previous` after a refresh that brought none:
+ * the earlier articles stay, marked `cached` so they are labelled as such.
+ * @param {object} payload The brief to keep everything else from.
+ * @param {object} previous The last brief rendered for this subject.
+ */
+function cachedNews(payload, previous) {
+  return {
+    ...payload,
+    newsStatus: 'cached',
+    newsSource: previous.newsSource,
+    newsWindowHours: previous.newsWindowHours,
+    newsFetchedAt: previous.newsFetchedAt ?? previous.retrievedAt ?? null,
+    articles: previous.articles,
+  };
+}
+
+// A refresh whose news read failed keeps the articles from before it.
+function withCachedNews(payload, previous) {
+  return previous && payload?.newsStatus === 'unavailable'
+    ? cachedNews(payload, previous)
+    : payload;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The Regional News state a brief presents. `ready` and `cached` have rows
+ * inside the window; `cached` is a refresh that failed (a client-side failure,
+ * or the local proxy's `stale` answer). `empty` is a source that answered with
+ * nothing in the window; anything else is `unavailable`.
+ * @returns {{state: string, status: string, footer: string, articles: object[]}}
+ */
+function regionalNewsView(payload) {
+  const hours = regionalNewsWindowHours(payload?.newsWindowHours);
+  // Old caches and the local path are held to the window here too.
+  const articles = recentRegionalArticles(payload?.articles, {
+    windowHours: hours,
+    limit: NEWS_ROWS,
+  });
+  const source = String(
+    payload?.newsSource || t('REGIONAL NEWS'),
+  ).toUpperCase();
+  const refreshFailed =
+    payload?.newsStatus === 'cached' || payload?.status === 'stale';
+  if (articles.length && refreshFailed)
+    return {
+      state: 'cached',
+      status: t('CACHED · REFRESH FAILED'),
+      footer: t('{source} · CACHED {age}', {
+        source,
+        age: formatCockpitBriefAge(
+          payload?.newsFetchedAt ?? payload?.retrievedAt,
+        ),
+      }),
+      articles,
+    };
+  const answered =
+    !refreshFailed && ['ready', 'empty'].includes(payload?.newsStatus);
+  return {
+    state: articles.length ? 'ready' : answered ? 'empty' : 'unavailable',
+    status: articles.length
+      ? ''
+      : answered
+        ? t('NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H', { hours })
+        : t('REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE'),
+    footer: newsWindowFooter(source, hours),
+    articles,
+  };
+}
+
 export function renderRegionalBriefStatus(status, info) {
   const { news, local } = this.brief;
   news.statusHidden = false;
@@ -223,7 +307,10 @@ export function renderRegionalBriefStatus(status, info) {
     status === 'loading'
       ? t('ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS')
       : t('REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE');
-  if (status === 'unavailable') news.articles = [];
+  news.footer = newsWindowFooter();
+  // Only called with no brief for this subject: any rows are another's.
+  news.articles = [];
+  if (this.briefPageIndex === 1) this.brief.source = news.footer;
   if (status === 'loading') local.place = t('RESOLVING REGION');
   if (status === 'unavailable') local.place = t('REGION UNAVAILABLE');
   local.coordinates = localCoordinates(info);
@@ -231,7 +318,7 @@ export function renderRegionalBriefStatus(status, info) {
 }
 
 export function renderRegionalBrief(payload, info) {
-  const articles = Array.isArray(payload?.articles) ? payload.articles : [];
+  const { state, status, footer, articles } = regionalNewsView(payload);
   const seen = new Map();
   const storyKey = (url) => {
     const count = seen.get(url) ?? 0;
@@ -244,13 +331,11 @@ export function renderRegionalBrief(payload, info) {
   const placeLabel =
     payload?.place?.label || payload?.place?.country || t('REGION UNAVAILABLE');
   this.brief.news = {
-    statusHidden: articles.length > 0,
-    state: payload?.newsStatus || 'unavailable',
-    status:
-      payload?.newsStatus === 'empty'
-        ? t('NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES')
-        : t('REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE'),
-    articles: articles.slice(0, 4).map((article) => ({
+    statusHidden: state === 'ready',
+    state,
+    status,
+    footer,
+    articles: articles.map((article) => ({
       // A row keeps its node, and so its focus, only for the same story.
       key: storyKey(article.url),
       url: article.url,
@@ -284,11 +369,7 @@ export function renderRegionalBrief(payload, info) {
       : '—',
   };
   this.brief.regionalStatus = payload?.status || 'partial';
-  if (this.briefPageIndex === 1) {
-    this.brief.source = t('{source} · LOCATION QUERY', {
-      source: String(payload?.newsSource || t('REGIONAL NEWS')).toUpperCase(),
-    });
-  }
+  if (this.briefPageIndex === 1) this.brief.source = footer;
   this.publishBriefView();
   this.scheduleContextLayout();
 }
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs b/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs
index 7018c8f79..1b3fbf0bf 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs
@@ -3,11 +3,14 @@
 import '../testSupport/registerDom.mjs';
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
 import { createPinia } from 'pinia';
 import { createApp, nextTick } from 'vue';
 import { setLocale } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { createBriefState } from './cockpitBriefPages.js';
 import {
+  maybeRefreshRegionalBrief,
   publishBriefView,
   renderRegionalBrief,
   renderRegionalBriefStatus,
@@ -88,10 +91,7 @@ test('pages, the cycle toggle and the source follow the controller', async (t) =
   await nextTick();
   assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-kicker'), 'REGIONAL NEWS');
   assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-position'), '2 / 3');
-  assert.equal(
-    text('#cockpit-brief-source'),
-    'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT',
-  );
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · LAST 24 H');
   assert.deepEqual(visiblePages(), ['news']);
   assert.deepEqual(current(), ['false', 'true', 'false']);
   assert.equal($('#cockpit-signal-stream').dataset.briefPage, 'news');
@@ -129,7 +129,8 @@ test('regional news and local conditions render what the region returned', async
         url: `https://example.com/${index}`,
         title: `Story ${index}`,
         domain: 'example.com',
-        publishedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+        // Newest first is the shown order, so Story 0 is the newest.
+        publishedAt: new Date(Date.now() - index * 60_000).toISOString(),
       })),
       weather: {
         temperatureC: 21.6,
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ test('regional news and local conditions render what the region returned', async
   assert.equal(text('#cockpit-local-condition'), 'RAIN');
   assert.equal(text('#cockpit-local-cloud'), 'CLOUD 40%');
   assert.equal(text('#cockpit-local-precipitation'), '1.3');
-  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'WIRE · LOCATION QUERY');
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'WIRE · LAST 24 H');
   assert.equal($('#cockpit-signal-stream').dataset.regionalStatus, 'ok');
   renderRegionalBriefStatus.call(owner, 'unavailable', {});
   await nextTick();
@@ -210,26 +211,246 @@ test('a refreshed news list keeps a focused story on its own link', async (t) =>
   assert.equal($('#cockpit-news-list').textContent.includes('Story y'), true);
 });
 
-test('the news source names the feed only while it is current on page 2', async (t) => {
+// This contract changed on purpose: the footer used to fall back to a
+// static "· RECENT" on every page change, which promised nothing. It now
+// follows the news state and names the window it holds articles to.
+test('the news footer follows the news state across page changes, not a static RECENT', async (t) => {
   const { text, owner } = fixture(t);
   showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
-  renderRegionalBrief.call(owner, { newsSource: 'wire', articles: [] }, INFO);
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(
+    owner,
+    { newsStatus: 'ready', newsSource: 'wire', newsWindowHours: 24, articles: [story('a')] },
+    INFO,
+  );
   await nextTick();
-  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'WIRE · LOCATION QUERY');
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'WIRE · LAST 24 H');
   showBriefPage.call(owner, 2);
   showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
   await nextTick();
-  assert.equal(
-    text('#cockpit-brief-source'),
-    'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT',
-  );
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'WIRE · LAST 24 H');
   showBriefPage.call(owner, 0);
-  renderRegionalBrief.call(owner, { newsSource: 'wire', articles: [] }, INFO);
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(
+    owner,
+    { newsStatus: 'ready', newsSource: 'wire', newsWindowHours: 12, articles: [story('a')] },
+    INFO,
+  );
   await nextTick();
+  // Off page 2 the footer is the current page's.
   assert.equal(
     text('#cockpit-brief-source'),
     'SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS',
   );
+  showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'WIRE · LAST 12 H');
+});
+
+test('the news banner is hidden by the stylesheet, not only by the attribute', async (t) => {
+  // happy-dom applies no author CSS by itself, so `hidden` alone proves
+  // nothing: `.cockpit-brief-status { display: grid }` used to beat it.
+  const css = readFileSync(
+    fileURLToPath(new URL('./styles/cockpit.css', import.meta.url)),
+    'utf8',
+  );
+  assert.match(css, /\.cockpit-brief-status\[hidden\]\s*\{\s*display:\s*none;?\s*\}/);
+  const { $, owner } = fixture(t);
+  const style = document.head.appendChild(document.createElement('style'));
+  t.after(() => style.remove());
+  style.textContent = css;
+  showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(owner, { newsStatus: 'ready', articles: [story('a')] }, INFO);
+  await nextTick();
+  const banner = $('#cockpit-news-status');
+  assert.equal(banner.hidden, true);
+  assert.equal(getComputedStyle(banner).display, 'none');
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(owner, { newsStatus: 'empty', articles: [] }, INFO);
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.equal(getComputedStyle(banner).display, 'grid');
+});
+
+const hoursAgo = (hours) => new Date(Date.now() - hours * 3_600_000).toISOString();
+
+test('ready, cached, empty and unavailable each label the news differently', async (t) => {
+  const { $, text, owner } = fixture(t);
+  showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
+  const rows = () =>
+    [...document.querySelectorAll('#cockpit-news-list strong')].map((row) => row.textContent);
+  const banner = () => ({
+    hidden: $('#cockpit-news-status').hidden,
+    state: $('#cockpit-news-status').dataset.state,
+    text: text('#cockpit-news-status'),
+  });
+  const ready = {
+    status: 'ready',
+    newsStatus: 'ready',
+    newsSource: 'Google News RSS',
+    newsWindowHours: 24,
+    newsFetchedAt: hoursAgo(0.5),
+    articles: [story('a'), story('b')],
+  };
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(owner, ready, INFO);
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.equal(banner().hidden, true);
+  assert.equal(banner().state, 'ready');
+  assert.deepEqual(rows(), ['Story a', 'Story b']);
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · LAST 24 H');
+
+  // The local proxy's stale answer is a refresh that failed.
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(owner, { ...ready, status: 'stale' }, INFO);
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.deepEqual(banner(), {
+    hidden: false,
+    state: 'cached',
+    text: 'CACHED · REFRESH FAILED',
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(rows(), ['Story a', 'Story b']);
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · CACHED 30M AGO');
+
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(
+    owner,
+    { ...ready, newsStatus: 'empty', newsSource: 'Google News RSS', articles: [] },
+    INFO,
+  );
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.deepEqual(banner(), {
+    hidden: false,
+    state: 'empty',
+    text: 'NO NEWS IN THE LAST 24 H',
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(rows(), []);
+
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(
+    owner,
+    { ...ready, newsStatus: 'unavailable', newsSource: null, articles: [] },
+    INFO,
+  );
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.deepEqual(banner(), {
+    hidden: false,
+    state: 'unavailable',
+    text: 'REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE',
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(rows(), []);
+});
+
+test('articles outside the window are dropped even when a server sends them', async (t) => {
+  const { $, text, owner } = fixture(t);
+  showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
+  const dated = (id, publishedAt) => ({ ...story(id), publishedAt });
+  // The reported case: 4, 104, 215 and 165 days old under "RECENT".
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(
+    owner,
+    {
+      newsStatus: 'ready',
+      articles: [
+        dated('old', hoursAgo(4 * 24)),
+        dated('older', hoursAgo(104 * 24)),
+        dated('undated', null),
+        dated('one', hoursAgo(20)),
+        dated('two', hoursAgo(2)),
+      ],
+    },
+    INFO,
+  );
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [...document.querySelectorAll('#cockpit-news-list strong')].map((row) => row.textContent),
+    ['Story two', 'Story one'],
+  );
+  assert.equal($('#cockpit-news-status').hidden, true);
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(
+    owner,
+    { newsStatus: 'ready', articles: [dated('old', hoursAgo(25))] },
+    INFO,
+  );
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.equal(document.querySelectorAll('#cockpit-news-list li').length, 0);
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-news-status'), 'NO NEWS IN THE LAST 24 H');
+});
+
+test('a failed refresh keeps the earlier articles as cached, and clears only when there are none', async (t) => {
+  const { $, text, owner } = fixture(t);
+  const answers = [];
+  Object.assign(owner, {
+    active: true,
+    regionalBriefSubjectId: null,
+    regionalBriefAbort: null,
+    regionalBriefRequestToken: 0,
+    regionalBriefFetchedAt: 0,
+    regionalBrief: null,
+    renderRegionalBrief,
+    renderRegionalBriefStatus,
+  });
+  owner.services = {
+    ...owner.services,
+    regionalDistanceM: () => 0,
+    fetchRegionalBrief: () => answers.shift()(),
+  };
+  const refresh = async (answer, info = { ...INFO, icao24: 'abc123' }) => {
+    answers.push(answer);
+    owner.regionalBriefFetchedAt = 0;
+    maybeRefreshRegionalBrief.call(owner, info);
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await nextTick();
+  };
+  const rows = () => document.querySelectorAll('#cockpit-news-list li').length;
+  showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
+
+  // No earlier brief: an error clears and says unavailable.
+  await refresh(() => Promise.reject(new Error('503')));
+  assert.equal($('#cockpit-news-status').dataset.state, 'unavailable');
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-news-status'), 'REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE');
+  assert.equal(rows(), 0);
+
+  const fetchedAt = hoursAgo(1);
+  await refresh(() =>
+    Promise.resolve({
+      status: 'ready',
+      newsStatus: 'ready',
+      newsSource: 'Google News RSS',
+      newsWindowHours: 24,
+      newsFetchedAt: fetchedAt,
+      articles: [story('a'), story('b')],
+    }),
+  );
+  assert.equal($('#cockpit-news-status').hidden, true);
+  assert.equal(rows(), 2);
+
+  // A network failure keeps the rows and says so, with their age.
+  await refresh(() => Promise.reject(new TypeError('Failed to fetch')));
+  assert.equal($('#cockpit-news-status').hidden, false);
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-news-status'), 'CACHED · REFRESH FAILED');
+  assert.equal(rows(), 2);
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · CACHED 1H AGO');
+  showBriefPage.call(owner, 2);
+  showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · CACHED 1H AGO');
+
+  // So does a brief whose news read failed while weather answered.
+  await refresh(() =>
+    Promise.resolve({ status: 'partial', newsStatus: 'unavailable', articles: [] }),
+  );
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-news-status'), 'CACHED · REFRESH FAILED');
+  assert.equal(rows(), 2);
+
+  // A successful refresh clears the cached label; a true empty clears rows.
+  await refresh(() =>
+    Promise.resolve({ status: 'ready', newsStatus: 'empty', newsSource: 'Google News RSS', articles: [] }),
+  );
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-news-status'), 'NO NEWS IN THE LAST 24 H');
+  assert.equal(rows(), 0);
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · LAST 24 H');
+
+  // Another aircraft never inherits the last one's rows.
+  await refresh(() => Promise.resolve({ newsStatus: 'ready', articles: [story('c')] }));
+  assert.equal(rows(), 1);
+  await refresh(
+    () => Promise.reject(new Error('503')),
+    { ...INFO, icao24: 'def456' },
+  );
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-news-status'), 'REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE');
+  assert.equal(rows(), 0);
 });
 
 test('an unchanged position publishes nothing new', (t) => {
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/cockpit.css b/src/ui/styles/cockpit.css
index d7ad845b6..3a56e7963 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/cockpit.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/cockpit.css
@@ -1818,7 +1818,13 @@ html:not([lang='en']) #cockpit-brief-auto {
   letter-spacing: 0.13em;
   text-align: center;
 }
-.cockpit-brief-status[data-state='unavailable'] {
+/* `display: grid` above would otherwise beat the UA [hidden] rule and keep a
+   stale banner over a populated list. */
+.cockpit-brief-status[hidden] {
+  display: none;
+}
+.cockpit-brief-status[data-state='unavailable'],
+.cockpit-brief-status[data-state='cached'] {
   color: #d5a863;
 }
 .cockpit-local-place {

From 2d9d5189467e34fc0f28dd0b26876de2fc03ae65 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 2026 02:26:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 038/181] Add the news report model, markers and source

The pure half of a news layer: validated records for a news server's
`/api/news/hotspots|feed|outline` contract, a presentation model and canvas
markers and picture cards, and a fetch client.

- Colour carries severity only (0 no physical event, 1 minor, 2 significant,
  3 major), never a side; the category is the icon, the rim is attestation
  (confirmed, a claim, one side's own press), size grows with sources and
  markers fade with age.
- Cards say "Reported by {side} sources" and mark official channels; a
  machine-read English headline is labelled as such.
- `createNewsSource` reads same-origin routes with a 15 s timeout, a 4 MiB cap
  and record-by-record validation; `NEWS_API_PATHS` and `newsQueryAllowed`
  let a host proxy exactly what the client sends. A 503 marked unavailable
  means "not configured": no retries.
- Exported as `./layers/news/source`, with its own package boundary.
---
 package.json                    |   1 +
 scripts/package-boundaries.json |  11 +
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json        |  56 +++
 src/i18n/locales/de.json        |  52 +++
 src/i18n/locales/es.json        |  53 +++
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json        |  53 +++
 src/i18n/locales/it.json        |  53 +++
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json        |  51 +++
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json        |  53 +++
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json        |  54 +++
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json        |  54 +++
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json     |  51 +++
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json   |  51 +++
 src/i18n/same-as-english.json   |  22 ++
 src/layers/news/cards.js        | 206 ++++++++++
 src/layers/news/model.js        | 643 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/news/model.test.mjs  | 444 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/news/records.js      | 325 ++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/news/source.js       | 162 ++++++++
 src/layers/news/source.test.mjs | 164 ++++++++
 src/layers/news/sprites.js      |  94 +++++
 21 files changed, 2653 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/layers/news/cards.js
 create mode 100644 src/layers/news/model.js
 create mode 100644 src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/layers/news/records.js
 create mode 100644 src/layers/news/source.js
 create mode 100644 src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/layers/news/sprites.js

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 42121974f..c267cef79 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -257,6 +257,7 @@
     "./layers/gnss/source": "./src/layers/gnss/source.js",
     "./layers/ghostmaps/source": "./src/layers/ghostMaps/source.js",
     "./layers/drone-airspace/source": "./src/layers/droneAirspace/source.js",
+    "./layers/news/source": "./src/layers/news/source.js",
     "./layers/firms/source": "./src/layers/firms/source.js",
     "./layers/installations/source": "./src/layers/installations/source.js",
     "./layers/launches/source": "./src/layers/launches/source.js",
diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index 6ba148306..328112590 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -4817,6 +4817,17 @@
     ],
     "external": []
   },
+  "news-source": {
+    "exports": ["./layers/news/source"],
+    "modules": [
+      "src/layers/news/source.js",
+      "src/layers/news/records.js",
+      "src/sources/httpBody.js",
+      "src/sources/capability.js",
+      "src/i18n/marker.js"
+    ],
+    "external": []
+  },
   "perimeters-source": {
     "exports": ["./layers/perimeters/source"],
     "modules": [
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index 186bd4e1e..59cd4caa6 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -1,4 +1,60 @@
 {
+  "News feed unavailable": "موجز الأخبار غير متاح",
+  "Disputed: {name}": "منطقة متنازع عليها: {name}",
+  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "تديرها {holder} · تطالب بها {claimant}",
+  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "تدير نفسها · تطالب بها {claimant}",
+  "UN-patrolled zone": "منطقة تسيّر فيها الأمم المتحدة دوريات",
+  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "لا يطالب بها أي من الجارين",
+  "Video": "فيديو",
+  "Photos": "صور",
+  "Claimed by {who}": "ادعاء: {who}",
+  "Claimed": "ادعاء",
+  "Not yet confirmed by others": "لم يؤكده آخرون بعد",
+  "Reported by {side} sources": "أوردته مصادر {side}",
+  "Reported by {sides}": "أوردته {sides}",
+  "{side} sources": "مصادر {side}",
+  "Official": "رسمي",
+  "Reported by both sides": "أورده الطرفان",
+  "Independently reported": "أُبلغ عنه بشكل مستقل",
+  "Single source": "مصدر واحد",
+  "International": "دولية",
+  "Independent": "مستقلة",
+  "Unattributed": "غير منسوب",
+  "Outside party": "طرف خارجي",
+  "Ukraine–Russia": "أوكرانيا–روسيا",
+  "Israel–Gaza–Lebanon": "إسرائيل–غزة–لبنان",
+  "Iran–Hormuz": "إيران–هرمز",
+  "Yemen–Red Sea": "اليمن–البحر الأحمر",
+  "Sudan": "السودان",
+  "Sahel": "الساحل",
+  "Elsewhere": "أماكن أخرى",
+  "Strike": "ضربة",
+  "Alert": "إنذار",
+  "Air defence": "دفاع جوي",
+  "Ground fighting": "قتال بري",
+  "Casualties": "إصابات",
+  "Humanitarian": "إنساني",
+  "Disaster": "كارثة",
+  "Protest": "احتجاج",
+  "Political": "سياسي",
+  "No physical event": "لا حدث ميداني",
+  "Minor incident": "حادث بسيط",
+  "Significant": "كبير",
+  "Major": "جسيم",
+  "age|now": "الآن",
+  "{minutes} min": "{minutes} د",
+  "{hours} h": "{hours} س",
+  "{count} sources": {
+    "zero": "{count} مصدر",
+    "one": "مصدر واحد ({count})",
+    "two": "مصدران ({count})",
+    "few": "{count} مصادر",
+    "many": "{count} مصدرًا",
+    "other": "{count} مصدر"
+  },
+  "News feed not configured on this server": "موجز الأخبار غير مهيأ على هذا الخادم",
+  "Malformed news hotspots response": "استجابة بؤر الأخبار غير صالحة",
+  "Malformed news feed response": "استجابة موجز الأخبار غير صالحة",
   "NO PLACE LEFT BEHIND": "لا مكان يُترك خلفنا",
   "Initializing photorealistic world...": "جارٍ تهيئة العالم الواقعي…",
   "Configuring viewer...": "جارٍ إعداد العارض…",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index 0fa269e20..9421361bc 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -1,4 +1,56 @@
 {
+  "News feed unavailable": "Nachrichtenfeed nicht verfügbar",
+  "Disputed: {name}": "Umstritten: {name}",
+  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Verwaltet von {holder} · beansprucht von {claimant}",
+  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Selbstverwaltet · beansprucht von {claimant}",
+  "UN-patrolled zone": "Von der UNO überwachte Zone",
+  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "Von keinem Nachbarn beansprucht",
+  "Video": "Video",
+  "Photos": "Fotos",
+  "Claimed by {who}": "Behauptet von {who}",
+  "Claimed": "Behauptung",
+  "Not yet confirmed by others": "Noch nicht von anderen bestätigt",
+  "Reported by {side} sources": "Gemeldet von Quellen aus {side}",
+  "Reported by {sides}": "Gemeldet von {sides}",
+  "{side} sources": "Quellen aus {side}",
+  "Official": "Offiziell",
+  "Reported by both sides": "Von beiden Seiten gemeldet",
+  "Independently reported": "Unabhängig gemeldet",
+  "Single source": "Einzelne Quelle",
+  "International": "International",
+  "Independent": "Unabhängig",
+  "Unattributed": "Ohne Zuordnung",
+  "Outside party": "Außenstehende Partei",
+  "Ukraine–Russia": "Ukraine–Russland",
+  "Israel–Gaza–Lebanon": "Israel–Gaza–Libanon",
+  "Iran–Hormuz": "Iran–Hormus",
+  "Yemen–Red Sea": "Jemen–Rotes Meer",
+  "Sudan": "Sudan",
+  "Sahel": "Sahel",
+  "Elsewhere": "Anderswo",
+  "Strike": "Angriff",
+  "Alert": "Warnung",
+  "Air defence": "Luftabwehr",
+  "Ground fighting": "Bodenkämpfe",
+  "Casualties": "Opfer",
+  "Humanitarian": "Humanitär",
+  "Disaster": "Katastrophe",
+  "Protest": "Protest",
+  "Political": "Politik",
+  "No physical event": "Kein physisches Ereignis",
+  "Minor incident": "Kleiner Vorfall",
+  "Significant": "Erheblich",
+  "Major": "Schwer",
+  "age|now": "jetzt",
+  "{minutes} min": "{minutes} Min.",
+  "{hours} h": "{hours} Std.",
+  "{count} sources": {
+    "one": "{count} Quelle",
+    "other": "{count} Quellen"
+  },
+  "News feed not configured on this server": "Nachrichtenfeed auf diesem Server nicht eingerichtet",
+  "Malformed news hotspots response": "Fehlerhafte Antwort zu Nachrichten-Brennpunkten",
+  "Malformed news feed response": "Fehlerhafte Antwort des Nachrichtenfeeds",
   "Flying to Austin, TX...": "Flug nach Austin, TX...",
   "Restoring shared view...": "Geteilte Ansicht wird wiederhergestellt...",
   "Configuring viewer...": "Viewer wird konfiguriert...",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index 078096514..914a85171 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -1,4 +1,57 @@
 {
+  "News feed unavailable": "Noticias no disponibles",
+  "Disputed: {name}": "En disputa: {name}",
+  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Administrado por {holder} · reclamado por {claimant}",
+  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Autogobernado · reclamado por {claimant}",
+  "UN-patrolled zone": "Zona patrullada por la ONU",
+  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "Ningún vecino lo reclama",
+  "Video": "Vídeo",
+  "Photos": "Fotos",
+  "Claimed by {who}": "Según {who}",
+  "Claimed": "Afirmación",
+  "Not yet confirmed by others": "Aún sin confirmar por otros",
+  "Reported by {side} sources": "Informado por fuentes de {side}",
+  "Reported by {sides}": "Informado por {sides}",
+  "{side} sources": "fuentes de {side}",
+  "Official": "Oficial",
+  "Reported by both sides": "Informado por ambos bandos",
+  "Independently reported": "Informado de forma independiente",
+  "Single source": "Fuente única",
+  "International": "Internacional",
+  "Independent": "Independiente",
+  "Unattributed": "Sin atribuir",
+  "Outside party": "Parte externa",
+  "Ukraine–Russia": "Ucrania–Rusia",
+  "Israel–Gaza–Lebanon": "Israel–Gaza–Líbano",
+  "Iran–Hormuz": "Irán–Ormuz",
+  "Yemen–Red Sea": "Yemen–Mar Rojo",
+  "Sudan": "Sudán",
+  "Sahel": "Sahel",
+  "Elsewhere": "En otros lugares",
+  "Strike": "Ataque",
+  "Alert": "Alerta",
+  "Air defence": "Defensa aérea",
+  "Ground fighting": "Combates terrestres",
+  "Casualties": "Víctimas",
+  "Humanitarian": "Humanitario",
+  "Disaster": "Catástrofe",
+  "Protest": "Protesta",
+  "Political": "Político",
+  "No physical event": "Sin hecho físico",
+  "Minor incident": "Incidente menor",
+  "Significant": "Significativo",
+  "Major": "Grave",
+  "age|now": "ahora",
+  "{minutes} min": "{minutes} min",
+  "{hours} h": "{hours} h",
+  "{count} sources": {
+    "one": "{count} fuente",
+    "many": "{count} fuentes",
+    "other": "{count} fuentes"
+  },
+  "News feed not configured on this server": "Noticias no configuradas en este servidor",
+  "Malformed news hotspots response": "Respuesta de focos de noticias mal formada",
+  "Malformed news feed response": "Respuesta de noticias mal formada",
   "NO PLACE LEFT BEHIND": "NINGÚN RINCÓN SIN VIGILAR",
   "Initializing photorealistic world...": "Inicializando el mundo fotorrealista...",
   "Configuring viewer...": "Configurando el visor...",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index 3ce27c53c..f01ca2956 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -1,4 +1,57 @@
 {
+  "News feed unavailable": "Fil d’actualités indisponible",
+  "Disputed: {name}": "Contesté : {name}",
+  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Administré par {holder} · revendiqué par {claimant}",
+  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Autoadministré · revendiqué par {claimant}",
+  "UN-patrolled zone": "Zone patrouillée par l’ONU",
+  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "Revendiqué par aucun voisin",
+  "Video": "Vidéo",
+  "Photos": "Photos",
+  "Claimed by {who}": "Selon {who}",
+  "Claimed": "Affirmation",
+  "Not yet confirmed by others": "Pas encore confirmé par d’autres",
+  "Reported by {side} sources": "Rapporté par des sources {side}",
+  "Reported by {sides}": "Rapporté par {sides}",
+  "{side} sources": "sources {side}",
+  "Official": "Officiel",
+  "Reported by both sides": "Rapporté par les deux camps",
+  "Independently reported": "Rapporté de façon indépendante",
+  "Single source": "Source unique",
+  "International": "Internationale",
+  "Independent": "Indépendante",
+  "Unattributed": "Non attribué",
+  "Outside party": "Partie extérieure",
+  "Ukraine–Russia": "Ukraine–Russie",
+  "Israel–Gaza–Lebanon": "Israël–Gaza–Liban",
+  "Iran–Hormuz": "Iran–Ormuz",
+  "Yemen–Red Sea": "Yémen–mer Rouge",
+  "Sudan": "Soudan",
+  "Sahel": "Sahel",
+  "Elsewhere": "Ailleurs",
+  "Strike": "Frappe",
+  "Alert": "Alerte",
+  "Air defence": "Défense aérienne",
+  "Ground fighting": "Combats au sol",
+  "Casualties": "Victimes",
+  "Humanitarian": "Humanitaire",
+  "Disaster": "Catastrophe",
+  "Protest": "Manifestation",
+  "Political": "Politique",
+  "No physical event": "Aucun événement physique",
+  "Minor incident": "Incident mineur",
+  "Significant": "Important",
+  "Major": "Majeur",
+  "age|now": "maintenant",
+  "{minutes} min": "{minutes} min",
+  "{hours} h": "{hours} h",
+  "{count} sources": {
+    "one": "{count} source",
+    "many": "{count} sources",
+    "other": "{count} sources"
+  },
+  "News feed not configured on this server": "Fil d’actualités non configuré sur ce serveur",
+  "Malformed news hotspots response": "Réponse des foyers d’actualité mal formée",
+  "Malformed news feed response": "Réponse du fil d’actualités mal formée",
   "Pick a shape, then click the map.": "Choisissez une forme, puis cliquez sur la carte.",
   "Enter to place the pin, Esc to cancel.": "Enter pour poser l'épingle, Esc pour annuler.",
   "Click where the pin goes.": "Cliquez à l'endroit où poser l'épingle.",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index 36f25a0cf..dcaf4855c 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -1,4 +1,57 @@
 {
+  "News feed unavailable": "Feed delle notizie non disponibile",
+  "Disputed: {name}": "Conteso: {name}",
+  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Amministrato da {holder} · rivendicato da {claimant}",
+  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Autogovernato · rivendicato da {claimant}",
+  "UN-patrolled zone": "Zona pattugliata dall’ONU",
+  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "Non rivendicato da nessun vicino",
+  "Video": "Video",
+  "Photos": "Foto",
+  "Claimed by {who}": "Secondo {who}",
+  "Claimed": "Affermazione",
+  "Not yet confirmed by others": "Non ancora confermato da altri",
+  "Reported by {side} sources": "Riportato da fonti {side}",
+  "Reported by {sides}": "Riportato da {sides}",
+  "{side} sources": "fonti {side}",
+  "Official": "Ufficiale",
+  "Reported by both sides": "Riportato da entrambe le parti",
+  "Independently reported": "Riportato in modo indipendente",
+  "Single source": "Fonte unica",
+  "International": "Internazionale",
+  "Independent": "Indipendente",
+  "Unattributed": "Non attribuito",
+  "Outside party": "Parte esterna",
+  "Ukraine–Russia": "Ucraina–Russia",
+  "Israel–Gaza–Lebanon": "Israele–Gaza–Libano",
+  "Iran–Hormuz": "Iran–Hormuz",
+  "Yemen–Red Sea": "Yemen–Mar Rosso",
+  "Sudan": "Sudan",
+  "Sahel": "Sahel",
+  "Elsewhere": "Altrove",
+  "Strike": "Attacco",
+  "Alert": "Allerta",
+  "Air defence": "Difesa aerea",
+  "Ground fighting": "Combattimenti a terra",
+  "Casualties": "Vittime",
+  "Humanitarian": "Umanitario",
+  "Disaster": "Disastro",
+  "Protest": "Protesta",
+  "Political": "Politica",
+  "No physical event": "Nessun evento fisico",
+  "Minor incident": "Incidente minore",
+  "Significant": "Rilevante",
+  "Major": "Grave",
+  "age|now": "ora",
+  "{minutes} min": "{minutes} min",
+  "{hours} h": "{hours} h",
+  "{count} sources": {
+    "one": "{count} fonte",
+    "many": "{count} fonti",
+    "other": "{count} fonti"
+  },
+  "News feed not configured on this server": "Feed delle notizie non configurato su questo server",
+  "Malformed news hotspots response": "Risposta dei focolai di notizie non valida",
+  "Malformed news feed response": "Risposta del feed delle notizie non valida",
   "Pick a shape, then click the map.": "Scegli una forma, poi fai clic sulla mappa.",
   "Enter to place the pin, Esc to cancel.": "Premi Enter per posizionare il segnaposto, Esc per annullare.",
   "Click where the pin goes.": "Fai clic dove va il segnaposto.",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index e586716f8..743fcb71c 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -1,4 +1,55 @@
 {
+  "News feed unavailable": "ニュースフィードを利用できません",
+  "Disputed: {name}": "係争地: {name}",
+  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "{holder}が施政 · {claimant}が領有を主張",
+  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "自治 · {claimant}が領有を主張",
+  "UN-patrolled zone": "国連が巡回する地域",
+  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "どちらの隣国も領有を主張していない",
+  "Video": "動画",
+  "Photos": "写真",
+  "Claimed by {who}": "{who}の主張",
+  "Claimed": "主張",
+  "Not yet confirmed by others": "他からの確認はまだない",
+  "Reported by {side} sources": "{side}側の情報源が報道",
+  "Reported by {sides}": "報道: {sides}",
+  "{side} sources": "{side}側の情報源",
+  "Official": "公式",
+  "Reported by both sides": "双方が報道",
+  "Independently reported": "独立した報道あり",
+  "Single source": "単一の情報源",
+  "International": "国際",
+  "Independent": "独立系",
+  "Unattributed": "出所不明",
+  "Outside party": "第三者",
+  "Ukraine–Russia": "ウクライナ–ロシア",
+  "Israel–Gaza–Lebanon": "イスラエル–ガザ–レバノン",
+  "Iran–Hormuz": "イラン–ホルムズ",
+  "Yemen–Red Sea": "イエメン–紅海",
+  "Sudan": "スーダン",
+  "Sahel": "サヘル",
+  "Elsewhere": "その他の地域",
+  "Strike": "攻撃",
+  "Alert": "警報",
+  "Air defence": "防空",
+  "Ground fighting": "地上戦",
+  "Casualties": "死傷者",
+  "Humanitarian": "人道",
+  "Disaster": "災害",
+  "Protest": "抗議",
+  "Political": "政治",
+  "No physical event": "物理的な事象なし",
+  "Minor incident": "小規模な事案",
+  "Significant": "重大",
+  "Major": "深刻",
+  "age|now": "今",
+  "{minutes} min": "{minutes}分",
+  "{hours} h": "{hours}時間",
+  "{count} sources": {
+    "other": "情報源 {count}件"
+  },
+  "News feed not configured on this server": "このサーバーではニュースフィードが設定されていません",
+  "Malformed news hotspots response": "ニュースのホットスポット応答の形式が不正です",
+  "Malformed news feed response": "ニュースフィードの応答の形式が不正です",
   "Pick a shape, then click the map.": "図形を選んでから、地図をクリックしてください。",
   "Enter to place the pin, Esc to cancel.": "Enterでピンを配置、Escでキャンセル。",
   "Click where the pin goes.": "ピンを置く場所をクリックしてください。",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index 13d3fbc85..2068c08b6 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -1,4 +1,57 @@
 {
+  "News feed unavailable": "Feed de notícias indisponível",
+  "Disputed: {name}": "Em disputa: {name}",
+  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Administrado por {holder} · reivindicado por {claimant}",
+  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Autogovernado · reivindicado por {claimant}",
+  "UN-patrolled zone": "Zona patrulhada pela ONU",
+  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "Nenhum vizinho o reivindica",
+  "Video": "Vídeo",
+  "Photos": "Fotos",
+  "Claimed by {who}": "Segundo {who}",
+  "Claimed": "Alegação",
+  "Not yet confirmed by others": "Ainda não confirmado por outros",
+  "Reported by {side} sources": "Noticiado por fontes de {side}",
+  "Reported by {sides}": "Noticiado por {sides}",
+  "{side} sources": "fontes de {side}",
+  "Official": "Oficial",
+  "Reported by both sides": "Noticiado por ambos os lados",
+  "Independently reported": "Noticiado de forma independente",
+  "Single source": "Fonte única",
+  "International": "Internacional",
+  "Independent": "Independente",
+  "Unattributed": "Sem atribuição",
+  "Outside party": "Parte externa",
+  "Ukraine–Russia": "Ucrânia–Rússia",
+  "Israel–Gaza–Lebanon": "Israel–Gaza–Líbano",
+  "Iran–Hormuz": "Irã–Ormuz",
+  "Yemen–Red Sea": "Iêmen–Mar Vermelho",
+  "Sudan": "Sudão",
+  "Sahel": "Sahel",
+  "Elsewhere": "Outros lugares",
+  "Strike": "Ataque",
+  "Alert": "Alerta",
+  "Air defence": "Defesa aérea",
+  "Ground fighting": "Combates terrestres",
+  "Casualties": "Vítimas",
+  "Humanitarian": "Humanitário",
+  "Disaster": "Desastre",
+  "Protest": "Protesto",
+  "Political": "Político",
+  "No physical event": "Sem evento físico",
+  "Minor incident": "Incidente menor",
+  "Significant": "Significativo",
+  "Major": "Grave",
+  "age|now": "agora",
+  "{minutes} min": "{minutes} min",
+  "{hours} h": "{hours} h",
+  "{count} sources": {
+    "one": "{count} fonte",
+    "many": "{count} fontes",
+    "other": "{count} fontes"
+  },
+  "News feed not configured on this server": "Feed de notícias não configurado neste servidor",
+  "Malformed news hotspots response": "Resposta de focos de notícias malformada",
+  "Malformed news feed response": "Resposta do feed de notícias malformada",
   "Pick a shape, then click the map.": "Escolha uma forma e clique no mapa.",
   "Enter to place the pin, Esc to cancel.": "Enter para colocar o marcador, Esc para cancelar.",
   "Click where the pin goes.": "Clique onde o marcador deve ficar.",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index 766af1005..e6df84b68 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -1,4 +1,58 @@
 {
+  "News feed unavailable": "Лента новостей недоступна",
+  "Disputed: {name}": "Спорная территория: {name}",
+  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Под управлением: {holder} · претендует: {claimant}",
+  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Самоуправляемая · претендует: {claimant}",
+  "UN-patrolled zone": "Зона патрулирования ООН",
+  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "Не претендует ни один сосед",
+  "Video": "Видео",
+  "Photos": "Фото",
+  "Claimed by {who}": "Заявление: {who}",
+  "Claimed": "Заявление",
+  "Not yet confirmed by others": "Пока не подтверждено другими",
+  "Reported by {side} sources": "Сообщают источники {side}",
+  "Reported by {sides}": "Сообщают: {sides}",
+  "{side} sources": "источники {side}",
+  "Official": "Официально",
+  "Reported by both sides": "Сообщают обе стороны",
+  "Independently reported": "Подтверждено независимыми источниками",
+  "Single source": "Один источник",
+  "International": "Международные",
+  "Independent": "Независимые",
+  "Unattributed": "Без атрибуции",
+  "Outside party": "Внешняя сторона",
+  "Ukraine–Russia": "Украина–Россия",
+  "Israel–Gaza–Lebanon": "Израиль–Газа–Ливан",
+  "Iran–Hormuz": "Иран–Ормуз",
+  "Yemen–Red Sea": "Йемен–Красное море",
+  "Sudan": "Судан",
+  "Sahel": "Сахель",
+  "Elsewhere": "Другие места",
+  "Strike": "Удар",
+  "Alert": "Тревога",
+  "Air defence": "ПВО",
+  "Ground fighting": "Наземные бои",
+  "Casualties": "Жертвы",
+  "Humanitarian": "Гуманитарное",
+  "Disaster": "Бедствие",
+  "Protest": "Протест",
+  "Political": "Политика",
+  "No physical event": "Без физического события",
+  "Minor incident": "Незначительный инцидент",
+  "Significant": "Значительный",
+  "Major": "Крупный",
+  "age|now": "сейчас",
+  "{minutes} min": "{minutes} мин",
+  "{hours} h": "{hours} ч",
+  "{count} sources": {
+    "one": "{count} источник",
+    "few": "{count} источника",
+    "many": "{count} источников",
+    "other": "{count} источника"
+  },
+  "News feed not configured on this server": "Лента новостей не настроена на этом сервере",
+  "Malformed news hotspots response": "Некорректный ответ горячих точек новостей",
+  "Malformed news feed response": "Некорректный ответ ленты новостей",
   "Flying to Austin, TX...": "Перелёт в Остин, Техас...",
   "Restoring shared view...": "Восстановление общего вида...",
   "Initializing systems...": "Инициализация систем...",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index 388ea566d..41f6f1207 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -1,4 +1,58 @@
 {
+  "News feed unavailable": "Стрічка новин недоступна",
+  "Disputed: {name}": "Спірна територія: {name}",
+  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Під управлінням: {holder} · претендує: {claimant}",
+  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Самоврядна · претендує: {claimant}",
+  "UN-patrolled zone": "Зона патрулювання ООН",
+  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "Не претендує жоден сусід",
+  "Video": "Відео",
+  "Photos": "Фото",
+  "Claimed by {who}": "Заява: {who}",
+  "Claimed": "Заява",
+  "Not yet confirmed by others": "Поки не підтверджено іншими",
+  "Reported by {side} sources": "Повідомляють джерела {side}",
+  "Reported by {sides}": "Повідомляють: {sides}",
+  "{side} sources": "джерела {side}",
+  "Official": "Офіційно",
+  "Reported by both sides": "Повідомляють обидві сторони",
+  "Independently reported": "Підтверджено незалежними джерелами",
+  "Single source": "Одне джерело",
+  "International": "Міжнародні",
+  "Independent": "Незалежні",
+  "Unattributed": "Без атрибуції",
+  "Outside party": "Зовнішня сторона",
+  "Ukraine–Russia": "Україна–Росія",
+  "Israel–Gaza–Lebanon": "Ізраїль–Газа–Ліван",
+  "Iran–Hormuz": "Іран–Ормуз",
+  "Yemen–Red Sea": "Ємен–Червоне море",
+  "Sudan": "Судан",
+  "Sahel": "Сахель",
+  "Elsewhere": "Інші місця",
+  "Strike": "Удар",
+  "Alert": "Тривога",
+  "Air defence": "ППО",
+  "Ground fighting": "Наземні бої",
+  "Casualties": "Жертви",
+  "Humanitarian": "Гуманітарне",
+  "Disaster": "Лихо",
+  "Protest": "Протест",
+  "Political": "Політика",
+  "No physical event": "Без фізичної події",
+  "Minor incident": "Незначний інцидент",
+  "Significant": "Значний",
+  "Major": "Великий",
+  "age|now": "зараз",
+  "{minutes} min": "{minutes} хв",
+  "{hours} h": "{hours} год",
+  "{count} sources": {
+    "one": "{count} джерело",
+    "few": "{count} джерела",
+    "many": "{count} джерел",
+    "other": "{count} джерела"
+  },
+  "News feed not configured on this server": "Стрічку новин не налаштовано на цьому сервері",
+  "Malformed news hotspots response": "Некоректна відповідь гарячих точок новин",
+  "Malformed news feed response": "Некоректна відповідь стрічки новин",
   "Pick a shape, then click the map.": "Виберіть фігуру й клацніть на карті.",
   "Enter to place the pin, Esc to cancel.": "Enter — поставити мітку, Esc — скасувати.",
   "Click where the pin goes.": "Клацніть там, де має бути мітка.",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index 912582289..30a4d8807 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -1,4 +1,55 @@
 {
+  "News feed unavailable": "新闻源不可用",
+  "Disputed: {name}": "争议地区：{name}",
+  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "由{holder}管辖 · {claimant}主张主权",
+  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "自治 · {claimant}主张主权",
+  "UN-patrolled zone": "联合国巡逻区",
+  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "两个邻国均未主张",
+  "Video": "视频",
+  "Photos": "照片",
+  "Claimed by {who}": "{who}声称",
+  "Claimed": "声称",
+  "Not yet confirmed by others": "尚未获他方证实",
+  "Reported by {side} sources": "{side}方来源报道",
+  "Reported by {sides}": "报道来源：{sides}",
+  "{side} sources": "{side}方来源",
+  "Official": "官方",
+  "Reported by both sides": "双方均有报道",
+  "Independently reported": "有独立来源报道",
+  "Single source": "单一来源",
+  "International": "国际",
+  "Independent": "独立",
+  "Unattributed": "未注明来源",
+  "Outside party": "外部方",
+  "Ukraine–Russia": "乌克兰–俄罗斯",
+  "Israel–Gaza–Lebanon": "以色列–加沙–黎巴嫩",
+  "Iran–Hormuz": "伊朗–霍尔木兹",
+  "Yemen–Red Sea": "也门–红海",
+  "Sudan": "苏丹",
+  "Sahel": "萨赫勒",
+  "Elsewhere": "其他地区",
+  "Strike": "打击",
+  "Alert": "警报",
+  "Air defence": "防空",
+  "Ground fighting": "地面战斗",
+  "Casualties": "伤亡",
+  "Humanitarian": "人道",
+  "Disaster": "灾害",
+  "Protest": "抗议",
+  "Political": "政治",
+  "No physical event": "无实际事件",
+  "Minor incident": "轻微事件",
+  "Significant": "重大",
+  "Major": "严重",
+  "age|now": "刚刚",
+  "{minutes} min": "{minutes} 分钟",
+  "{hours} h": "{hours} 小时",
+  "{count} sources": {
+    "other": "{count} 个来源"
+  },
+  "News feed not configured on this server": "此服务器未配置新闻源",
+  "Malformed news hotspots response": "新闻热点响应格式错误",
+  "Malformed news feed response": "新闻源响应格式错误",
   "Pick a shape, then click the map.": "先选择形状，再在地图上点击。",
   "Enter to place the pin, Esc to cancel.": "按 Enter 放置图钉，按 Esc 取消。",
   "Click where the pin goes.": "点击图钉的放置位置。",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index 628c71284..e29d0fff2 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -1,4 +1,55 @@
 {
+  "News feed unavailable": "新聞來源無法使用",
+  "Disputed: {name}": "爭議地區：{name}",
+  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "由{holder}管轄 · {claimant}主張主權",
+  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "自治 · {claimant}主張主權",
+  "UN-patrolled zone": "聯合國巡邏區",
+  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "兩個鄰國均未主張",
+  "Video": "影片",
+  "Photos": "照片",
+  "Claimed by {who}": "{who}聲稱",
+  "Claimed": "聲稱",
+  "Not yet confirmed by others": "尚未獲他方證實",
+  "Reported by {side} sources": "{side}方來源報導",
+  "Reported by {sides}": "報導來源：{sides}",
+  "{side} sources": "{side}方來源",
+  "Official": "官方",
+  "Reported by both sides": "雙方均有報導",
+  "Independently reported": "有獨立來源報導",
+  "Single source": "單一來源",
+  "International": "國際",
+  "Independent": "獨立",
+  "Unattributed": "未註明來源",
+  "Outside party": "外部方",
+  "Ukraine–Russia": "烏克蘭–俄羅斯",
+  "Israel–Gaza–Lebanon": "以色列–加薩–黎巴嫩",
+  "Iran–Hormuz": "伊朗–荷莫茲",
+  "Yemen–Red Sea": "葉門–紅海",
+  "Sudan": "蘇丹",
+  "Sahel": "薩赫爾",
+  "Elsewhere": "其他地區",
+  "Strike": "打擊",
+  "Alert": "警報",
+  "Air defence": "防空",
+  "Ground fighting": "地面戰鬥",
+  "Casualties": "傷亡",
+  "Humanitarian": "人道",
+  "Disaster": "災害",
+  "Protest": "抗議",
+  "Political": "政治",
+  "No physical event": "無實際事件",
+  "Minor incident": "輕微事件",
+  "Significant": "重大",
+  "Major": "嚴重",
+  "age|now": "剛剛",
+  "{minutes} min": "{minutes} 分鐘",
+  "{hours} h": "{hours} 小時",
+  "{count} sources": {
+    "other": "{count} 個來源"
+  },
+  "News feed not configured on this server": "此伺服器未設定新聞來源",
+  "Malformed news hotspots response": "新聞熱點回應格式錯誤",
+  "Malformed news feed response": "新聞來源回應格式錯誤",
   "Pick a shape, then click the map.": "先選擇形狀，再在地圖上點擊。",
   "Enter to place the pin, Esc to cancel.": "按 Enter 放置圖釘，按 Esc 取消。",
   "Click where the pin goes.": "點擊圖釘的放置位置。",
diff --git a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
index 7edaad647..9cc9a667d 100644
--- a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
+++ b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@
     "House",
     "Hybrid",
     "Indie",
+    "International",
     "Ironbow",
     "Jazz",
     "LIVE",
@@ -129,6 +130,7 @@
     "Pin",
     "Plan",
     "Pop",
+    "Protest",
     "Punk",
     "RADAR · {units}",
     "RADIO",
@@ -152,6 +154,7 @@
     "STD",
     "SW",
     "SYNC",
+    "Sahel",
     "San Francisco",
     "Scanlines",
     "Scope",
@@ -160,6 +163,7 @@
     "Soul",
     "Station",
     "Station {id}",
+    "Sudan",
     "T minus {seconds}",
     "TAGS · {tags}",
     "TANKER",
@@ -171,6 +175,7 @@
     "Turboprop",
     "UPSTREAM",
     "Upstream HTTP {status}",
+    "Video",
     "Vignette",
     "WHOT/BHOT",
     "WIND",
@@ -295,6 +300,7 @@
     "SRC {value}",
     "SSE",
     "STD",
+    "Sahel",
     "San Francisco",
     "Sector",
     "Sonar",
@@ -325,6 +331,8 @@
     "panel",
     "view band|GLOBAL",
     "voice|ERROR",
+    "{hours} h",
+    "{minutes} min",
     "{rate} msg/s",
     "{speed} kn",
     "{type}  SPD: {speed}  HDG: {heading}",
@@ -446,6 +454,7 @@
     "PROPAGATION",
     "Paris",
     "Pause",
+    "Photos",
     "Plan",
     "Pop",
     "Punk",
@@ -466,6 +475,7 @@
     "STANDARD",
     "STATION",
     "STD",
+    "Sahel",
     "San Francisco",
     "Satellites",
     "Saturation",
@@ -509,6 +519,9 @@
     "{count} MSGS",
     "{count} SOURCES",
     "{count} messages",
+    "{count} sources",
+    "{hours} h",
+    "{minutes} min",
     "{n} cyclones",
     "{n} satellites",
     "{rate} msg/s",
@@ -582,6 +595,7 @@
     "Hip-Hop",
     "House",
     "Indie",
+    "Iran–Hormuz",
     "Ironbow",
     "Jazz",
     "KTS",
@@ -636,11 +650,13 @@
     "STD",
     "STOP",
     "SYNC",
+    "Sahel",
     "San Francisco",
     "Scope",
     "Sentinel-2",
     "Sonar",
     "Soul",
+    "Sudan",
     "TEMP",
     "TIMEOUT",
     "Talk",
@@ -657,6 +673,7 @@
     "VIEWSHED ON",
     "VOLUME",
     "VS",
+    "Video",
     "WHOT/BHOT",
     "Washington DC",
     "World",
@@ -681,6 +698,8 @@
     "{count} MSGS",
     "{count} feeds live",
     "{count} scenes",
+    "{hours} h",
+    "{minutes} min",
     "{rate} msg/s",
     "{scene} / {pack}: {status}. File: {path}. {attribution} · {license}",
     "{source} HTTP {status}",
@@ -840,6 +859,7 @@
     "SSE",
     "STATUS",
     "STATUS · ",
+    "Sahel",
     "Sentinel-2",
     "Sentinel-2 via HLS",
     "Sonar",
@@ -870,6 +890,8 @@
     "mph",
     "nominal",
     "view band|GLOBAL",
+    "{hours} h",
+    "{minutes} min",
     "{rate} msg/s",
     "{type}  SPD: {speed}  HDG: {heading}",
     "{value} KM",
diff --git a/src/layers/news/cards.js b/src/layers/news/cards.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75b9932eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/news/cards.js
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+// Event cards on the globe: a picture, the headline in two lines, and "age ·
+// sources · sides", with the severity colour down the left edge and the
+// event's marker as a badge on the picture. Painted on a canvas and handed to
+// the world overlay as a thumbnail entry, so the overlay places them, keeps
+// them apart and draws their leader to the marker, as it does CCTV cards.
+//
+// The picture is the publisher's own (hotlinked, never copied, credited on
+// the card); until it loads, or without one, the card shows a tile in the
+// severity colour with the category icon.
+
+import { WORLD_OVERLAY_STYLE } from '../../overlays/worldOverlayTokens.js';
+import { NEWS_SEVERITY } from './model.js';
+import { paintMarker } from './sprites.js';
+
+/** Card size in CSS pixels. */
+export const CARD_W = 168;
+export const CARD_H = 136;
+const PAD = 4;
+const PIC_H = 84;
+const EDGE = 3;
+const SCALE = 2; // canvas pixels per CSS pixel
+const TITLE_FONT = '600 11px Inter, "Noto Sans Arabic", system-ui, sans-serif';
+const META_FONT = '9px "JetBrains Mono", "Noto Sans Arabic", monospace';
+const CREDIT_FONT = '8px Inter, "Noto Sans Arabic", system-ui, sans-serif';
+const MAX_CARDS = 200;
+
+const pictures = new Map(); // url → {image, state: 'loading'|'ok'|'failed', waiters}
+const cards = new Map(); // key → canvas
+
+function picture(url, onLoad) {
+  let entry = pictures.get(url);
+  if (!entry) {
+    const image = new Image();
+    // No referrer: the publisher sees a plain image request, as from a link preview.
+    image.referrerPolicy = 'no-referrer';
+    image.decoding = 'async';
+    entry = { image, state: 'loading', waiters: new Set() };
+    pictures.set(url, entry);
+    image.onload = () => {
+      entry.state = 'ok';
+      for (const done of entry.waiters) done();
+      entry.waiters.clear();
+    };
+    image.onerror = () => {
+      entry.state = 'failed';
+      entry.waiters.clear();
+    };
+    image.src = url;
+  }
+  if (entry.state === 'loading' && onLoad) entry.waiters.add(onLoad);
+  return entry;
+}
+
+function roundRect(ctx, x, y, w, h, r) {
+  ctx.beginPath();
+  ctx.moveTo(x + r, y);
+  ctx.arcTo(x + w, y, x + w, y + h, r);
+  ctx.arcTo(x + w, y + h, x, y + h, r);
+  ctx.arcTo(x, y + h, x, y, r);
+  ctx.arcTo(x, y, x + w, y, r);
+  ctx.closePath();
+}
+
+/** `text` in at most `lines` lines of `width`, the last cut with an ellipsis. */
+export function wrapLines(ctx, text, width, lines) {
+  const words = String(text || '')
+    .split(/\s+/)
+    .filter(Boolean);
+  const out = [];
+  let line = '';
+  for (let i = 0; i < words.length; i++) {
+    const next = line ? `${line} ${words[i]}` : words[i];
+    if (ctx.measureText(next).width <= width || !line) {
+      line = next;
+      continue;
+    }
+    out.push(line);
+    line = words[i];
+    if (out.length === lines - 1) {
+      line = words.slice(i).join(' ');
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (line) out.push(line);
+  const last = out.length - 1;
+  if (last >= 0 && ctx.measureText(out[last]).width > width) {
+    let cut = out[last];
+    while (cut && ctx.measureText(`${cut}…`).width > width)
+      cut = cut.slice(0, -1);
+    out[last] = `${cut.trimEnd()}…`;
+  }
+  return out.slice(0, lines);
+}
+
+/** Cover-fit an image into a box. */
+function drawCover(ctx, image, x, y, w, h) {
+  const iw = image.naturalWidth || image.width;
+  const ih = image.naturalHeight || image.height;
+  if (!iw || !ih) return;
+  const s = Math.max(w / iw, h / ih);
+  const sw = w / s;
+  const sh = h / s;
+  ctx.drawImage(image, (iw - sw) / 2, (ih - sh) / 2, sw, sh, x, y, w, h);
+}
+
+function paint(canvas, view, look, pic) {
+  const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
+  ctx.setTransform(SCALE, 0, 0, SCALE, 0, 0);
+  ctx.clearRect(0, 0, CARD_W, CARD_H);
+  const color = (NEWS_SEVERITY[look.severity] || NEWS_SEVERITY[0]).color;
+
+  roundRect(ctx, 0.5, 0.5, CARD_W - 1, CARD_H - 1, WORLD_OVERLAY_STYLE.radius);
+  ctx.fillStyle = WORLD_OVERLAY_STYLE.selectedBackground;
+  ctx.fill();
+  ctx.strokeStyle = WORLD_OVERLAY_STYLE.border;
+  ctx.lineWidth = 1;
+  ctx.stroke();
+  // Severity down the left edge, where Breaking marks a Live report.
+  ctx.save();
+  roundRect(ctx, 0.5, 0.5, CARD_W - 1, CARD_H - 1, WORLD_OVERLAY_STYLE.radius);
+  ctx.clip();
+  ctx.fillStyle = color;
+  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, EDGE, CARD_H);
+  ctx.restore();
+
+  const px = PAD + EDGE;
+  const pw = CARD_W - px - PAD;
+  ctx.save();
+  roundRect(ctx, px, PAD, pw, PIC_H, 3);
+  ctx.clip();
+  if (pic?.state === 'ok') {
+    try {
+      drawCover(ctx, pic.image, px, PAD, pw, PIC_H);
+    } catch {
+      pic.state = 'failed';
+    }
+  }
+  if (pic?.state !== 'ok') {
+    // No picture: a tile in the severity colour with the category icon.
+    const g = ctx.createLinearGradient(px, PAD, px + pw, PAD + PIC_H);
+    g.addColorStop(0, WORLD_OVERLAY_STYLE.background);
+    g.addColorStop(1, color);
+    ctx.fillStyle = g;
+    ctx.globalAlpha = 0.55;
+    ctx.fillRect(px, PAD, pw, PIC_H);
+    ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
+    paintMarker(ctx, look, px + pw / 2, PAD + PIC_H / 2, 34);
+  }
+  ctx.restore();
+  // The event's marker as a badge, so the card reads with the map.
+  if (pic?.state === 'ok') paintMarker(ctx, look, px + 13, PAD + 13, 18);
+  // The picture's publisher, always named on it.
+  if (pic?.state === 'ok' && view.credit) {
+    ctx.font = CREDIT_FONT;
+    const w = Math.min(pw - 30, ctx.measureText(view.credit).width + 8);
+    ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6)';
+    ctx.fillRect(px + pw - w, PAD + PIC_H - 12, w, 12);
+    ctx.fillStyle = WORLD_OVERLAY_STYLE.title;
+    ctx.textBaseline = 'middle';
+    ctx.fillText(
+      wrapLines(ctx, view.credit, w - 8, 1)[0] || '',
+      px + pw - w + 4,
+      PAD + PIC_H - 6,
+    );
+  }
+
+  ctx.textBaseline = 'alphabetic';
+  ctx.fillStyle = WORLD_OVERLAY_STYLE.title;
+  ctx.font = TITLE_FONT;
+  wrapLines(ctx, view.title, pw, 2).forEach((line, i) =>
+    ctx.fillText(line, px, PAD + PIC_H + 14 + i * 13),
+  );
+  ctx.fillStyle = WORLD_OVERLAY_STYLE.detail;
+  ctx.font = META_FONT;
+  ctx.fillText(wrapLines(ctx, view.meta, pw, 1)[0] || '', px, CARD_H - PAD - 2);
+}
+
+/**
+ * The canvas of an event's card. `onChange` runs when its picture arrives and
+ * the canvas has been repainted (ask the scene for a frame).
+ * @returns {HTMLCanvasElement|null} null where there is no canvas
+ */
+export function eventCard(id, view, look, onChange) {
+  const key = `${id}|${look.severity}|${look.category}|${look.rim}|${view.image || ''}|${view.title}|${view.meta}`;
+  if (cards.has(key)) return cards.get(key);
+  const canvas = globalThis.document?.createElement?.('canvas');
+  if (
+    !canvas?.getContext?.('2d') ||
+    typeof globalThis.Path2D !== 'function' ||
+    typeof globalThis.Image !== 'function'
+  )
+    return null;
+  canvas.width = CARD_W * SCALE;
+  canvas.height = CARD_H * SCALE;
+  const pic = view.image
+    ? picture(view.image, () => {
+        paint(canvas, view, look, pic);
+        onChange?.();
+      })
+    : null;
+  paint(canvas, view, look, pic);
+  // Old cards go once there are many; the newest keys win.
+  if (cards.size >= MAX_CARDS) cards.delete(cards.keys().next().value);
+  cards.set(key, canvas);
+  return canvas;
+}
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.js b/src/layers/news/model.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41fce5ab4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.js
@@ -0,0 +1,643 @@
+// Pure presentation model for the news layer: severity, category glyphs,
+// attestation, marker looks and placement, the feed's filters and paging, and
+// the event cards the News panel and the globe show. No Cesium, no DOM.
+
+import { getLocale, msg, t, tn } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+
+export const NEWS_LAYER_ID = 'news';
+export const NEWS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID = 'news';
+export const NEWS_PICK_PREFIX = 'news:';
+export const NEWS_FEED_PAGE = 60;
+export const NEWS_MAP_LIMIT = 500;
+/** News is real time only: nothing older than a day is shown anywhere. */
+export const NEWS_WINDOW_MS = 24 * 3_600_000;
+// Above this camera height the layer shows one beacon per hotspot; below it
+// (or once a hotspot is chosen) the outlines and individual reports.
+export const NEWS_DETAIL_MAX_HEIGHT_M = 2_500_000;
+// "In view": reports near the view centre, only once the camera is low enough
+// for "here" to mean a region, read again when it settles in a new cell.
+export const NEWS_IN_VIEW_MAX_HEIGHT_M = 3_000_000;
+export const NEWS_IN_VIEW_RADIUS_KM = 500;
+export const NEWS_IN_VIEW_LIMIT = 12;
+export const NEWS_SETTLE_MS = 800;
+export const NEWS_CELL_DEG = 0.5;
+/** A feed card's click flies the camera to this height over the event. */
+export const NEWS_FOCUS_HEIGHT_M = 150_000;
+// Minor news (a broad outlet's prices, sport, health) is left out unless asked for.
+export const NEWS_RELEVANT = 'core,related';
+
+const SOURCE_LABEL = msg('Source');
+const DISPUTED = msg('Disputed: {name}');
+const DISPUTE_TEXT = {
+  held: msg('Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}'),
+  self: msg('Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}'),
+  un: msg('UN-patrolled zone'),
+  unclaimed: msg('Claimed by neither neighbour'),
+};
+const MEDIA_LABELS = { video: msg('Video'), photo: msg('Photos') };
+const CLAIMED_BY = msg('Claimed by {who}');
+const CLAIMED = msg('Claimed');
+const UNCONFIRMED = msg('Not yet confirmed by others');
+const REPORTED_BY_SIDE = msg('Reported by {side} sources');
+const REPORTED_BY_SIDES = msg('Reported by {sides}');
+const SIDE_SOURCES = msg('{side} sources');
+const OFFICIAL = msg('Official');
+const OFFICIAL_AFFILIATIONS = new Set(['military', 'state']);
+const ATTESTATION = {
+  'both-sides': msg('Reported by both sides'),
+  independent: msg('Independently reported'),
+  single: msg('Single source'),
+};
+const NEUTRAL_SIDES = Object.freeze({
+  intl: msg('International'),
+  independent: msg('Independent'),
+  unknown: msg('Unattributed'),
+  external: msg('Outside party'),
+});
+
+/**
+ * Short chip names for the curated hotspots; the API's own English name is
+ * the fallback for any other.
+ */
+export const NEWS_HOTSPOT_LABELS = Object.freeze({
+  'ua-ru-war': msg('Ukraine–Russia'),
+  'israel-gaza-lebanon': msg('Israel–Gaza–Lebanon'),
+  'iran-hormuz': msg('Iran–Hormuz'),
+  yemen: msg('Yemen–Red Sea'),
+  'sudan-war': msg('Sudan'),
+  sahel: msg('Sahel'),
+  elsewhere: msg('Elsewhere'),
+});
+
+/** A hotspot's chip label in the interface language. */
+export function hotspotLabel(hotspot) {
+  const key = NEWS_HOTSPOT_LABELS[hotspot?.id];
+  if (key) return t(key);
+  return hotspot?.catchAll ? t(NEWS_HOTSPOT_LABELS.elsewhere) : hotspot?.name;
+}
+
+/** A country's name in the interface language, from its ISO code. */
+export function countryName(code) {
+  if (!code) return '';
+  try {
+    return (
+      new Intl.DisplayNames([getLocale(), 'en'], { type: 'region' }).of(code) ||
+      code
+    );
+  } catch {
+    return code;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Label for a disputed area: its name, who administers it, who claims it. */
+export function disputedLabel(area) {
+  return {
+    title: t(DISPUTED, { name: area.name }),
+    detail: t(DISPUTE_TEXT[area.kind] || DISPUTE_TEXT.held, {
+      holder: countryName(area.heldBy),
+      claimant: countryName(area.claimedBy),
+    }),
+  };
+}
+
+// A category is told by its icon (a 16-unit SVG path, filled or stroked). On
+// the map and in the feed colour is severity (NEWS_SEVERITY), never the type
+// of event or a side.
+export const NEWS_CATEGORIES = Object.freeze({
+  strike: {
+    label: msg('Strike'),
+    icon: 'M8 0.8 L9.6 5.2 L14.2 3.6 L11.2 7.6 L15.2 10.6 L10.3 10.6 L8 15.2 L5.7 10.6 L0.8 10.6 L4.8 7.6 L1.8 3.6 L6.4 5.2 Z',
+    solid: true,
+  },
+  // A threat on its way (a drone's course, an air-raid alert): nothing has
+  // hit yet. Not a physical event, so never a picture card.
+  alert: {
+    label: msg('Alert'),
+    icon: 'M1.5 8 H11.5 M8 4.5 L11.5 8 L8 11.5 M14.5 3.5 V12.5',
+  },
+  'air-defence': {
+    label: msg('Air defence'),
+    icon: 'M8 1.5 L13.5 3.5 V8 C13.5 11.3 10.8 13.4 8 14.6 C5.2 13.4 2.5 11.3 2.5 8 V3.5 Z M8 4.5 V11',
+  },
+  ground: {
+    label: msg('Ground fighting'),
+    icon: 'M3 13 L12 4 M8.5 3.5 H12.5 V7.5 M13 13 L4 4 M3.5 7.5 V3.5 H7.5',
+  },
+  casualties: {
+    label: msg('Casualties'),
+    icon: 'M6.2 2 H9.8 V6.2 H14 V9.8 H9.8 V14 H6.2 V9.8 H2 V6.2 H6.2 Z',
+    solid: true,
+  },
+  humanitarian: {
+    label: msg('Humanitarian'),
+    icon: 'M8 2.5 L14.5 13.5 H1.5 Z M8 2.5 V13.5',
+  },
+  infrastructure: {
+    label: msg('Infrastructure'),
+    icon: 'M9.2 1 L3.2 9 H7.6 L6.6 15 L12.8 6.8 H8.4 Z',
+    solid: true,
+  },
+  disaster: {
+    label: msg('Disaster'),
+    icon: 'M1.5 6.5 C3.5 4.5 5.5 4.5 7.5 6.5 S11.5 8.5 14.5 6.5 M1.5 10.5 C3.5 8.5 5.5 8.5 7.5 10.5 S11.5 12.5 14.5 10.5',
+  },
+  protest: {
+    label: msg('Protest'),
+    icon: 'M2.5 6.2 V9.8 H5 L12.5 13.2 V2.8 L5 6.2 Z',
+  },
+  political: {
+    label: msg('Political'),
+    icon: 'M2 14 H14 M2.5 5.5 H13.5 M8 1.8 L14 4.8 H2 Z M4.2 6.5 V12 M8 6.5 V12 M11.8 6.5 V12',
+  },
+  other: {
+    label: msg('Other'),
+    icon: 'M8 4.5 A3.5 3.5 0 1 0 8.01 4.5 Z',
+    solid: true,
+  },
+});
+
+// Severity 0–3. Lightness falls as severity rises, so the ramp still reads
+// under colour blindness and in greyscale.
+export const NEWS_SEVERITY = Object.freeze([
+  { label: msg('No physical event'), color: '#8a9aa8' },
+  { label: msg('Minor incident'), color: '#f2d64b' },
+  { label: msg('Significant'), color: '#f28c28' },
+  { label: msg('Major'), color: '#d7301f' },
+]);
+/** The feed's default floor: significant and major events. */
+export const NEWS_DEFAULT_MIN_SEVERITY = 2;
+const PHYSICAL = new Set([
+  'strike',
+  'air-defence',
+  'ground',
+  'casualties',
+  'infrastructure',
+  'disaster',
+]);
+
+export const categoryStyle = (category) =>
+  NEWS_CATEGORIES[category] || NEWS_CATEGORIES.other;
+export const categoryLabel = (category) => t(categoryStyle(category).label);
+/** Party codes (UA, RU, IL…) are shown as-is; neutral sides are translated. */
+export const sideLabel = (side) =>
+  Object.hasOwn(NEUTRAL_SIDES, side) ? t(NEUTRAL_SIDES[side]) : side;
+
+/**
+ * A report's severity, 0–3: the server's (the local model's reading, else
+ * its rules, raised to its event's), or a fallback from the category.
+ */
+export function reportSeverity(report) {
+  const own = Number.isInteger(report?.severity) ? report.severity : null;
+  const event = Number.isInteger(report?.event?.severity)
+    ? report.event.severity
+    : null;
+  if (own === null && event === null)
+    return PHYSICAL.has(report?.category) ? 1 : 0;
+  return Math.max(own ?? 0, event ?? 0);
+}
+export const severityStyle = (report) => NEWS_SEVERITY[reportSeverity(report)];
+export const severityLabel = (report) => t(severityStyle(report).label);
+
+/** When a report (or its event) was last heard of, in ms; NaN when unknown. */
+const lastHeard = (report) =>
+  Date.parse(report?.event?.lastAt || report?.publishedAt || '');
+
+/** Whether a report is from the last 24 hours (the only news shown). */
+export function withinNewsWindow(report, now = Date.now()) {
+  const at = Date.parse(report?.publishedAt || '');
+  return Number.isFinite(at) && now - at <= NEWS_WINDOW_MS;
+}
+
+/**
+ * How a report or its event is attested, as a chip: `claimed` (someone's
+ * claim, named where known), `confirmed` (both sides, or an independent
+ * source), `side` (one party's own press), `single` (one report), or null.
+ */
+export function attestation(report) {
+  const event = report?.event;
+  const status = event?.status || (report?.claim ? 'claimed' : null);
+  if (status === 'claimed') {
+    const who = event?.claimedBy || report?.claim?.by;
+    return {
+      kind: 'claimed',
+      label: who ? t(CLAIMED_BY, { who }) : t(CLAIMED),
+    };
+  }
+  if (status === 'both-sides' || status === 'independent')
+    return { kind: 'confirmed', label: t(ATTESTATION[status]) };
+  if (status === 'side' && event.reportedSide)
+    return {
+      kind: 'side',
+      label: t(REPORTED_BY_SIDE, { side: sideLabel(event.reportedSide) }),
+    };
+  if (status === 'single')
+    return { kind: 'single', label: t(ATTESTATION.single) };
+  return null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The attestation chip under a report. An official channel's own post is
+ * already marked Official: "Claimed by" itself would read as doubt about an
+ * alert. It says only that nobody else has reported it yet, and nothing for
+ * an alert, which is the channel's own notice.
+ */
+function ownClaimChip(report) {
+  const chip = attestation(report);
+  if (
+    chip?.kind !== 'claimed' ||
+    !OFFICIAL_AFFILIATIONS.has(report.affiliation)
+  )
+    return chip;
+  const who = report.event?.claimedBy || report.claim?.by;
+  if (who && who !== report.sourceName && who !== report.publisher) return chip;
+  return report.category === 'alert'
+    ? null
+    : { kind: 'claimed', label: t(UNCONFIRMED) };
+}
+
+// The map card is a label, not a reader: long headlines are cut.
+export const NEWS_CARD_TITLE_MAX = 90;
+
+/** A headline cut at a word to fit `max` characters. */
+export function shortTitle(title, max = NEWS_CARD_TITLE_MAX) {
+  const text = String(title || '');
+  if (text.length <= max) return text;
+  const cut = text.slice(0, max - 1);
+  const word = cut.lastIndexOf(' ');
+  return `${word > max * 0.6 ? cut.slice(0, word) : cut}…`;
+}
+
+/** The media a post carries ("Video", "Photos"), translated. */
+export function mediaLabels(report) {
+  return (report?.media || [])
+    .map((m) => (MEDIA_LABELS[m] ? t(MEDIA_LABELS[m]) : ''))
+    .filter(Boolean);
+}
+
+/**
+ * How long ago, in few words: "now" under a minute, "N min" under an hour,
+ * "N h" under a day. Older is never shown; it reads
+ * "24 h".
+ */
+export function ageWords(at, now = Date.now()) {
+  const minutes = Math.max(0, Math.floor((now - Date.parse(at)) / 60_000));
+  if (!Number.isFinite(minutes)) return '';
+  if (minutes < 1) return t('now', { context: 'age' });
+  if (minutes < 60) return t('{minutes} min', { minutes });
+  return t('{hours} h', { hours: Math.min(24, Math.floor(minutes / 60)) });
+}
+
+/**
+ * How a report's marker looks: fill = severity, icon = category, rim =
+ * attestation (`confirmed` solid, `claimed` dashed, else thin), size =
+ * sources, opacity = age (fading to 45 % over a day).
+ */
+export function markerStyle(report, now = Date.now()) {
+  const kind = attestation(report)?.kind;
+  const at = lastHeard(report);
+  const hours = Number.isFinite(at) ? Math.max(0, (now - at) / 3_600_000) : 0;
+  return {
+    category: Object.hasOwn(NEWS_CATEGORIES, report?.category)
+      ? report.category
+      : 'other',
+    severity: reportSeverity(report),
+    rim: kind === 'confirmed' || kind === 'claimed' ? kind : 'thin',
+    size: eventPixelSize(report?.event?.size),
+    alpha: Math.max(0.45, 1 - (0.55 * Math.min(hours, 24)) / 24),
+  };
+}
+
+function hash(text) {
+  let h = 2166136261;
+  for (let i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
+    h ^= text.charCodeAt(i);
+    h = Math.imul(h, 16777619);
+  }
+  return h >>> 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Trend glyph for a hotspot: ▲/▼ when the last 24 h differ from the 24 h
+ * before by more than a fifth, nothing when flat or without a prior day.
+ */
+export function hotspotTrend(last24h, prev24h) {
+  if (!(prev24h > 0)) return '';
+  if (last24h > prev24h * 1.2) return '▲';
+  if (last24h < prev24h * 0.8) return '▼';
+  return '';
+}
+
+/** Beacon size in pixels: grows with the square root of daily activity. */
+export const beaconPixelSize = (last24h) =>
+  Math.round(Math.min(26, 10 + Math.sqrt(Math.max(0, last24h)) * 1.4));
+
+/** Marker size for an event: grows with the number of distinct sources. */
+export function eventPixelSize(sources = 1) {
+  return Math.round(
+    Math.min(30, 16 + 3.5 * Math.log2(Math.max(1, Number(sources) || 1))),
+  );
+}
+
+// An event several sources report within the last few hours gets a halo.
+export const NEWS_PRESSING_SOURCES = 5;
+const PRESSING_MS = 3 * 3_600_000;
+
+/** Whether an event is fresh and widely reported, or fresh and major. */
+export function isPressing(report, now = Date.now()) {
+  const event = report?.event;
+  const fresh = now - lastHeard(report) <= PRESSING_MS;
+  return Boolean(
+    fresh &&
+    ((event && event.size >= NEWS_PRESSING_SOURCES) ||
+      reportSeverity(report) === 3),
+  );
+}
+
+// The big events stand as picture cards over their marker: several
+// sources, and major or pressing.
+export const NEWS_CARD_LIMIT = 10;
+export const NEWS_CARD_MIN_SOURCES = 2;
+
+/** Whether an event gets a card on the map: physical events only, not statements. */
+export function isCardEvent(report, now = Date.now()) {
+  return Boolean(
+    report?.event?.size >= NEWS_CARD_MIN_SOURCES &&
+    PHYSICAL.has(report.category) &&
+    (reportSeverity(report) === 3 || isPressing(report, now)),
+  );
+}
+
+/** The card events among `reports`, most severe, most reported and newest first. */
+export function cardEvents(reports, now = Date.now(), limit = NEWS_CARD_LIMIT) {
+  return reports
+    .filter((r) => r.pins?.length && isCardEvent(r, now))
+    .sort(
+      (a, b) =>
+        reportSeverity(b) - reportSeverity(a) ||
+        b.event.size - a.event.size ||
+        (b.event.lastAt || '').localeCompare(a.event.lastAt || ''),
+    )
+    .slice(0, limit);
+}
+
+/** The distinct sides an event was reported by, lead first, translated. */
+function eventSides(report) {
+  const sides = (report?.event?.sides || []).map((s) => s.side);
+  return [...new Set(sides.length ? sides : [report?.side].filter(Boolean))];
+}
+
+/** "Reported by UA sources · RU sources", or '' when no side is known. */
+export function sidesLine(report) {
+  const sides = eventSides(report).filter((side) => side !== 'unknown');
+  if (!sides.length) return '';
+  if (sides.length === 1)
+    return t(REPORTED_BY_SIDE, { side: sideLabel(sides[0]) });
+  return t(REPORTED_BY_SIDES, {
+    sides: sides
+      .map((side) => t(SIDE_SOURCES, { side: sideLabel(side) }))
+      .join(' · '),
+  });
+}
+
+/** The event's picture for a card: two or more sources, and the publisher named. */
+export function eventPicture(report) {
+  const event = report?.event;
+  if (!event?.image || event.size < NEWS_CARD_MIN_SOURCES) return null;
+  return { url: event.image.url, credit: event.image.publisher || '' };
+}
+
+/** What an event's picture card on the globe shows. */
+export function cardView(report, now = Date.now()) {
+  const event = report.event;
+  const sides = eventSides(report).map(sideLabel);
+  const picture = eventPicture(report);
+  return {
+    title: report.titleEn || report.title,
+    meta: [
+      ageWords(event?.lastAt || report.publishedAt, now),
+      tn(event?.size || 1, '{count} source', '{count} sources'),
+      sides.slice(0, 3).join(', ') + (sides.length > 3 ? '…' : ''),
+    ]
+      .filter(Boolean)
+      .join(' · '),
+    image: picture?.url || null,
+    credit: picture?.credit || '',
+  };
+}
+
+/** "Source: host ↗" line for a report's card; the card opens the article. */
+export function sourceLinkLabel(url) {
+  let host = '';
+  try {
+    host = new URL(url).hostname.replace(/^www\./, '');
+  } catch {
+    return '';
+  }
+  return `${t(SOURCE_LABEL)}: ${host} ↗`;
+}
+
+/** The places a report is pinned at, joined, or null. */
+function placeLine(report) {
+  return (
+    (report.pins?.length ? report.pins : [report.geo])
+      .map((p) => p?.place)
+      .filter(Boolean)
+      .join(' · ') || null
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * One event card in the News panel: picture,
+ * headline, a mono meta line (severity, category, place, sources, age), the
+ * sides line, then attestation and media chips. Labels and colours are
+ * resolved here so the panel imports no layer code.
+ */
+export function feedCardView(report, now = Date.now()) {
+  const severity = reportSeverity(report);
+  const style = categoryStyle(report.category);
+  const size = report.event?.size || 1;
+  const translated = Boolean(report.titleEn && report.titleEn !== report.title);
+  return {
+    id: report.id,
+    url: report.url,
+    title: translated ? report.titleEn : report.title,
+    // The local model's English headline over a post in another language:
+    // the original stays beside it.
+    original: translated ? report.title : null,
+    snippet: report.snippet,
+    severity,
+    severityLabel: t(NEWS_SEVERITY[severity].label),
+    color: NEWS_SEVERITY[severity].color,
+    icon: style.icon,
+    solid: Boolean(style.solid),
+    category: categoryLabel(report.category),
+    place: placeLine(report),
+    placedByModel: Boolean(report.geo?.byModel),
+    mappable: Boolean(report.pins?.length),
+    sources: tn(size, '{count} source', '{count} sources'),
+    age: ageWords(report.event?.lastAt || report.publishedAt, now),
+    publisher: report.publisher,
+    sides: sidesLine(report),
+    sourceLink: sourceLinkLabel(report.url),
+    picture: eventPicture(report),
+    chips: [
+      // An official channel speaking for itself (a ministry, the armed
+      // forces, a press service), not an outlet that quotes one.
+      OFFICIAL_AFFILIATIONS.has(report.affiliation)
+        ? { kind: 'official', label: t(OFFICIAL) }
+        : null,
+      ownClaimChip(report),
+      ...mediaLabels(report).map((label) => ({ kind: 'media', label })),
+    ].filter(Boolean),
+    // The event's first report from each other side, under the lead.
+    others: (report.event?.sides || []).slice(1).map((s) => ({
+      side: sideLabel(s.side),
+      publisher: s.publisher,
+      title: s.title,
+      url: s.url,
+    })),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Marker position for a report. Many reports name the same city and would
+ * stack on one centroid, so each is spread on a small deterministic ring
+ * (about 1.5 km for a place, 6 km for a region, 28 km for a country) to stay
+ * individually clickable. The spread is display-only; cards show the place.
+ */
+export function reportMarkerPosition(report, pin = 0) {
+  const { lat, lon, precision } = report.pins?.[pin] || report.geo;
+  const h = hash(pin ? `${report.id}~${pin}` : report.id);
+  const angle = ((h % 3600) / 3600) * 2 * Math.PI;
+  const radiusDeg =
+    (precision === 'country' ? 0.25 : precision === 'region' ? 0.055 : 0.014) *
+    (0.35 + ((h >>> 12) % 65) / 100);
+  return {
+    lat: lat + radiusDeg * Math.sin(angle),
+    lon: lon + (radiusDeg * Math.cos(angle)) / Math.cos((lat * Math.PI) / 180),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Merge a page into the feed, newest first, one row per report id.
+ * `mode` 'head' refreshes the top and keeps the older cursor; 'append' adds an
+ * older page and takes its cursor; 'replace' starts over.
+ */
+export function mergeFeedPage(feed, page, mode) {
+  const byId = new Map();
+  const items =
+    mode === 'replace'
+      ? page.reports
+      : mode === 'append'
+        ? [...feed.items, ...page.reports]
+        : [...page.reports, ...feed.items];
+  for (const item of items) if (!byId.has(item.id)) byId.set(item.id, item);
+  return {
+    items: [...byId.values()].sort((a, b) =>
+      b.publishedAt.localeCompare(a.publishedAt),
+    ),
+    nextBefore:
+      mode === 'head' && feed.items.length ? feed.nextBefore : page.nextBefore,
+  };
+}
+
+/** Normalised filters; anything unknown falls back to its default. */
+export function normalizeFilters(next = {}, hotspots = [], previous = {}) {
+  const merged = { ...previous, ...next };
+  const hotspot = hotspots.some((h) => h.id === merged.hotspot)
+    ? merged.hotspot
+    : 'all';
+  const category = Object.hasOwn(NEWS_CATEGORIES, merged.category)
+    ? merged.category
+    : 'all';
+  const minSeverity =
+    Number.isInteger(merged.minSeverity) &&
+    merged.minSeverity >= 0 &&
+    merged.minSeverity <= 3
+      ? merged.minSeverity
+      : NEWS_DEFAULT_MIN_SEVERITY;
+  return {
+    hotspot,
+    category,
+    minSeverity,
+    includeMinor: merged.includeMinor === true,
+    // Event cards on the map; off leaves only the clicked event's card.
+    cards: merged.cards !== false,
+  };
+}
+
+/** Whether a report passes the filters the server does not apply. */
+export function passesFilters(report, filters, now = Date.now()) {
+  return (
+    withinNewsWindow(report, now) &&
+    reportSeverity(report) >= filters.minSeverity
+  );
+}
+
+/** Whether a report belongs on the map under the current filters. */
+export function visibleOnMap(report, filters, now = Date.now()) {
+  return (
+    (filters.hotspot === 'all' ||
+      (report.hotspotIds || [report.hotspotId]).includes(filters.hotspot)) &&
+    (filters.category === 'all' || report.category === filters.category) &&
+    passesFilters(report, filters, now)
+  );
+}
+
+/** API query for the feed under the current filters: always the last 24 h. */
+export function feedQueryFor(filters, extra = {}) {
+  return {
+    events: true,
+    today: true,
+    relevance: filters.includeMinor ? '' : NEWS_RELEVANT,
+    hotspot: filters.hotspot,
+    category: filters.category === 'all' ? '' : filters.category,
+    limit: NEWS_FEED_PAGE,
+    ...extra,
+  };
+}
+
+/** The half-degree cell a point lies in, as a key. */
+export function viewCell({ lat, lon }) {
+  return `${Math.floor(lat / NEWS_CELL_DEG)}:${Math.floor(lon / NEWS_CELL_DEG)}`;
+}
+
+/** Great-circle distance in kilometres. */
+export function distanceKm(a, b) {
+  const rad = Math.PI / 180;
+  const dLat = (b.lat - a.lat) * rad;
+  const dLon = (b.lon - a.lon) * rad;
+  const s =
+    Math.sin(dLat / 2) ** 2 +
+    Math.cos(a.lat * rad) * Math.cos(b.lat * rad) * Math.sin(dLon / 2) ** 2;
+  return 2 * 6371 * Math.asin(Math.min(1, Math.sqrt(s)));
+}
+
+/**
+ * The reports near `centre` (any pin within NEWS_IN_VIEW_RADIUS_KM) that pass
+ * the filters, most severe and newest first.
+ */
+export function reportsInView(
+  reports,
+  centre,
+  filters,
+  now = Date.now(),
+  limit = NEWS_IN_VIEW_LIMIT,
+) {
+  if (!centre) return [];
+  return reports
+    .filter(
+      (r) =>
+        passesFilters(r, filters, now) &&
+        (filters.category === 'all' || r.category === filters.category) &&
+        r.pins?.some(
+          (pin) => distanceKm(pin, centre) <= NEWS_IN_VIEW_RADIUS_KM,
+        ),
+    )
+    .sort(
+      (a, b) =>
+        reportSeverity(b) - reportSeverity(a) ||
+        b.publishedAt.localeCompare(a.publishedAt),
+    )
+    .slice(0, limit);
+}
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39492cc41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import {
+  normalizeFeedPayload,
+  normalizeHotspotsPayload,
+  normalizeOutlinePayload,
+} from './records.js';
+import {
+  NEWS_IN_VIEW_RADIUS_KM,
+  ageWords,
+  beaconPixelSize,
+  cardEvents,
+  cardView,
+  distanceKm,
+  eventPixelSize,
+  feedCardView,
+  feedQueryFor,
+  hotspotLabel,
+  hotspotTrend,
+  isPressing,
+  markerStyle,
+  mergeFeedPage,
+  normalizeFilters,
+  passesFilters,
+  reportMarkerPosition,
+  reportSeverity,
+  reportsInView,
+  sidesLine,
+  sourceLinkLabel,
+  viewCell,
+  visibleOnMap,
+  withinNewsWindow,
+} from './model.js';
+import { newsFeedQuery } from './source.js';
+
+const NOW = Date.parse('2026-10-28T10:00:00Z');
+const report = (id, publishedAt, extra = {}) => ({
+  id,
+  title: `Report ${id}`,
+  url: `https://example.com/${id}`,
+  publishedAt,
+  publisher: 'Example',
+  side: 'UA',
+  category: 'strike',
+  hotspotIds: ['ua'],
+  geo: {
+    lat: 50,
+    lon: 36,
+    place: 'Kharkiv',
+    precision: 'city',
+    mappable: true,
+  },
+  pins: [
+    { lat: 50, lon: 36, place: 'Kharkiv', precision: 'city', mappable: true },
+  ],
+  ...extra,
+});
+const event = (extra = {}) => ({
+  status: 'both-sides',
+  size: 6,
+  severity: 3,
+  lastAt: '2026-10-28T09:30:00Z',
+  sides: [
+    { side: 'UA', title: 'a', url: 'https://a.test/', publisher: 'A' },
+    { side: 'RU', title: 'b', url: 'https://b.test/', publisher: 'B' },
+  ],
+  image: { url: 'https://a.test/p.jpg', publisher: 'A' },
+  ...extra,
+});
+
+test('payloads are validated record by record; empty and malformed payloads', () => {
+  const hotspots = normalizeHotspotsPayload({
+    hotspots: [
+      {
+        id: 'ua',
+        name: 'UA',
+        bbox: [22, 44, 42, 56],
+        parties: ['UA', 'RU', '<x>'],
+        counts: { last24h: 3 },
+      },
+      { id: 'bad', name: 'Bad', bbox: [42, 44, 22, 56] },
+      { id: '../x', name: 'Bad id', bbox: [22, 44, 42, 56] },
+    ],
+    ingest: { lastRunAt: '2026-10-28T10:00:00Z' },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    hotspots.hotspots.map((h) => [h.id, h.parties, h.last24h]),
+    [['ua', ['UA', 'RU'], 3]],
+  );
+  assert.equal(hotspots.lastRunAt, '2026-10-28T10:00:00.000Z');
+  assert.equal(normalizeHotspotsPayload({}), null);
+  assert.equal(normalizeHotspotsPayload(null), null);
+  assert.deepEqual(normalizeHotspotsPayload({ hotspots: [] }).hotspots, []);
+
+  const feed = normalizeFeedPayload({
+    reports: [
+      {
+        id: 'r_1',
+        title: ' Strike  on Kharkiv ',
+        url: 'https://x.test/a',
+        publishedAt: '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z',
+        geo: { lat: 50, lon: 36, mappable: true },
+        media: ['video', 'video', 'audio'],
+        event: { size: 3, image: { url: 'http://x.test/p.jpg' } },
+      },
+      {
+        id: 'r_2',
+        title: 'Bad link',
+        url: 'javascript:alert(1)',
+        publishedAt: '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z',
+      },
+      {
+        id: 'r_3',
+        title: 'Bad geo',
+        url: 'https://user:pw@x.test/c',
+        publishedAt: '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z',
+      },
+      {
+        id: 'r_4',
+        title: 'Off the globe',
+        url: 'https://x.test/d',
+        publishedAt: '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z',
+        geo: { lat: 200, lon: 36 },
+      },
+    ],
+    nextBefore: '2026-10-28T08:00:00Z',
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    feed.reports.map((r) => [r.id, r.title, Boolean(r.geo), r.pins.length]),
+    [
+      ['r_1', 'Strike on Kharkiv', true, 1],
+      ['r_4', 'Off the globe', false, 0],
+    ],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(feed.reports[0].media, ['video']);
+  // A picture must be HTTPS on the publisher's site.
+  assert.equal(feed.reports[0].event.image, null);
+  assert.equal(feed.nextBefore, '2026-10-28T08:00:00.000Z');
+  assert.equal(normalizeFeedPayload({ reports: 'x' }), null);
+  assert.deepEqual(normalizeFeedPayload({ reports: [] }), {
+    reports: [],
+    nextBefore: null,
+  });
+});
+
+test('outlines keep valid rings, borders and named disputed areas', () => {
+  const ring = [
+    [30, 45],
+    [31, 45],
+    [31, 46],
+  ];
+  const outline = normalizeOutlinePayload({
+    polygons: [{ outer: ring, holes: [[[0, 0]]] }, { outer: [[1, 2]] }],
+    borders: [ring, 'x'],
+    disputed: [
+      {
+        name: 'Crimea',
+        kind: 'held',
+        heldBy: 'RU',
+        claimedBy: 'UA',
+        rings: [ring],
+      },
+      { name: 'No rings', rings: [] },
+      { name: 'Odd kind', kind: 'zzz', heldBy: 'nope', rings: [ring] },
+    ],
+  });
+  assert.equal(outline.polygons.length, 1);
+  assert.deepEqual(outline.polygons[0].holes, []);
+  assert.equal(outline.borders.length, 1);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    outline.disputed.map((d) => [d.name, d.kind, d.heldBy]),
+    [
+      ['Crimea', 'held', 'RU'],
+      ['Odd kind', 'held', null],
+    ],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(normalizeOutlinePayload(null), {
+    polygons: [],
+    borders: [],
+    disputed: [],
+  });
+});
+
+test('feed pages merge newest first without duplicates', () => {
+  const a = report('a', '2026-10-28T10:00:00Z');
+  const b = report('b', '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z');
+  const c = report('c', '2026-10-28T08:00:00Z');
+  let feed = mergeFeedPage(
+    { items: [] },
+    { reports: [a, b], nextBefore: 'B' },
+    'replace',
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [feed.items.map((r) => r.id), feed.nextBefore],
+    [['a', 'b'], 'B'],
+  );
+  feed = mergeFeedPage(feed, { reports: [b, c], nextBefore: null }, 'append');
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [feed.items.map((r) => r.id), feed.nextBefore],
+    [['a', 'b', 'c'], null],
+  );
+  const newer = report('n', '2026-10-28T11:00:00Z');
+  feed = mergeFeedPage(
+    { ...feed, nextBefore: 'C' },
+    { reports: [newer, a], nextBefore: 'X' },
+    'head',
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [feed.items.map((r) => r.id), feed.nextBefore],
+    [['n', 'a', 'b', 'c'], 'C'],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    mergeFeedPage({ items: [] }, { reports: [], nextBefore: null }, 'replace'),
+    { items: [], nextBefore: null },
+  );
+});
+
+test('filters default to significant news and map to a last-24-hours query', () => {
+  const hotspots = [{ id: 'ua' }, { id: 'me' }];
+  const filters = normalizeFilters(
+    { hotspot: 'ua', category: 'nope', minSeverity: 9 },
+    hotspots,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(filters, {
+    hotspot: 'ua',
+    category: 'all',
+    minSeverity: 2,
+    includeMinor: false,
+    cards: true,
+  });
+  assert.equal(normalizeFilters({ cards: false }, hotspots).cards, false);
+  assert.equal(normalizeFilters({ minSeverity: 0 }, hotspots).minSeverity, 0);
+  assert.equal(normalizeFilters({ hotspot: 'gone' }, hotspots).hotspot, 'all');
+  assert.equal(
+    newsFeedQuery(
+      feedQueryFor(filters, { before: '2026-10-28T08:00:00.000Z' }),
+    ),
+    'hotspot=ua&before=2026-10-28T08%3A00%3A00.000Z&limit=60&relevance=core%2Crelated&today=1&events=1',
+  );
+  // "Include minor news" drops the relevance filter.
+  assert.doesNotMatch(
+    newsFeedQuery(feedQueryFor({ ...filters, includeMinor: true })),
+    /relevance/,
+  );
+});
+
+test('only the last 24 hours pass, and the severity floor applies', () => {
+  const filters = normalizeFilters();
+  const fresh = report('f', '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z', { severity: 2 });
+  const minor = report('m', '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z', { severity: 1 });
+  const old = report('o', '2026-10-27T09:00:00Z', { severity: 3 });
+  assert.equal(withinNewsWindow(fresh, NOW), true);
+  assert.equal(withinNewsWindow(old, NOW), false);
+  assert.equal(withinNewsWindow({ publishedAt: 'x' }, NOW), false);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [fresh, minor, old]
+      .filter((r) => passesFilters(r, filters, NOW))
+      .map((r) => r.id),
+    ['f'],
+  );
+  assert.equal(visibleOnMap(minor, { ...filters, minSeverity: 0 }, NOW), true);
+  assert.equal(visibleOnMap(fresh, { ...filters, hotspot: 'me' }, NOW), false);
+});
+
+test('ageWords says now, minutes or hours', () => {
+  assert.equal(ageWords('2026-10-28T09:59:30Z', NOW), 'now');
+  assert.equal(ageWords('2026-10-28T09:55:00Z', NOW), '5 min');
+  assert.equal(ageWords('2026-10-28T07:10:00Z', NOW), '2 h');
+  assert.equal(ageWords('2026-10-26T07:10:00Z', NOW), '24 h');
+  assert.equal(ageWords('not a date', NOW), '');
+});
+
+test('markers spread deterministically near their place; source link line', () => {
+  const r = report('r_spread', '2026-10-28T10:00:00Z');
+  const p1 = reportMarkerPosition(r);
+  assert.deepEqual(reportMarkerPosition(r), p1);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(p1.lat - 50) < 0.02 && Math.abs(p1.lon - 36) < 0.04);
+  assert.notDeepEqual(
+    reportMarkerPosition(report('r_other', r.publishedAt)),
+    p1,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    sourceLinkLabel('https://www.reliefweb.int/report/x'),
+    'Source: reliefweb.int ↗',
+  );
+  assert.equal(sourceLinkLabel('not a url'), '');
+});
+
+test('beacons carry a focus, a size by activity and a trend only against a prior day', () => {
+  const { hotspots } = normalizeHotspotsPayload({
+    hotspots: [
+      {
+        id: 'a',
+        name: 'A',
+        bbox: [20, 40, 40, 50],
+        focus: { lat: 45, lon: 30 },
+        counts: { last24h: 120, prev24h: 80 },
+      },
+      {
+        id: 'b',
+        name: 'B',
+        bbox: [20, 40, 40, 50],
+        focus: { lat: 80, lon: 30 },
+      },
+    ],
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    hotspots.map((h) => h.focus),
+    [
+      { lat: 45, lon: 30 },
+      { lat: 45, lon: 30 },
+    ],
+  );
+  assert.equal(hotspotTrend(120, 80), '▲');
+  assert.equal(hotspotTrend(50, 80), '▼');
+  assert.equal(hotspotTrend(85, 80), '');
+  assert.equal(hotspotTrend(40, 0), '');
+  assert.equal(beaconPixelSize(0), 10);
+  assert.equal(beaconPixelSize(10_000), 26);
+  assert.equal(
+    hotspotLabel({ id: 'ua-ru-war', name: 'Russia–Ukraine war' }),
+    'Ukraine–Russia',
+  );
+  assert.equal(hotspotLabel({ id: 'new-one', name: 'New one' }), 'New one');
+  assert.equal(
+    hotspotLabel({ id: 'x', name: 'X', catchAll: true }),
+    'Elsewhere',
+  );
+});
+
+test('marker style: severity fill, attestation rim, size by sources, fading with age', () => {
+  const r = report('r_style', '2026-10-28T10:00:00Z', {
+    severity: 2,
+    event: event({
+      status: 'claimed',
+      size: 4,
+      lastAt: '2026-10-28T10:00:00Z',
+    }),
+  });
+  const fresh = markerStyle(r, NOW);
+  assert.equal(fresh.severity, 3); // the event's, when higher than the report's
+  assert.equal(fresh.rim, 'claimed');
+  assert.equal(fresh.size, eventPixelSize(4));
+  assert.equal(fresh.alpha, 1);
+  assert.equal(markerStyle(r, NOW + 48 * 3_600_000).alpha, 0.45);
+  assert.equal(reportSeverity({ category: 'political' }), 0);
+  assert.equal(reportSeverity({ category: 'strike' }), 1);
+});
+
+test('picture cards: physical, two or more sources, major or pressing, at most ten', () => {
+  const big = report('big', '2026-10-28T09:30:00Z', { event: event() });
+  const statement = report('st', '2026-10-28T09:30:00Z', {
+    category: 'political',
+    event: event(),
+  });
+  const lone = report('lone', '2026-10-28T09:30:00Z', {
+    event: event({ size: 1 }),
+  });
+  const stale = report('stale', '2026-10-28T01:00:00Z', {
+    event: event({ severity: 2, lastAt: '2026-10-28T01:00:00Z' }),
+  });
+  assert.equal(isPressing(big, NOW), true);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    cardEvents([statement, lone, stale, big], NOW).map((r) => r.id),
+    ['big'],
+  );
+  const many = Array.from({ length: 14 }, (_, i) =>
+    report(`m${i}`, '2026-10-28T09:30:00Z', { event: event() }),
+  );
+  assert.equal(cardEvents(many, NOW).length, 10);
+  const view = cardView(big, NOW);
+  assert.equal(view.image, 'https://a.test/p.jpg');
+  assert.equal(view.credit, 'A');
+  assert.equal(view.meta, '30 min · 6 sources · UA, RU');
+  assert.equal(cardView(lone, NOW).image, null);
+});
+
+test('feed cards read like Breaking: headline, meta parts, sides and chips', () => {
+  const r = report('fc', '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z', {
+    title: 'Удар по Харкову',
+    titleEn: 'Strike on Kharkiv',
+    affiliation: 'military',
+    media: ['video', 'photo'],
+    geo: { lat: 50, lon: 36, place: 'Kharkiv', mappable: true, byModel: true },
+    event: event({ lastAt: '2026-10-28T09:50:00Z' }),
+  });
+  const view = feedCardView(r, NOW);
+  assert.equal(view.title, 'Strike on Kharkiv');
+  assert.equal(view.original, 'Удар по Харкову');
+  assert.equal(view.placedByModel, true);
+  assert.equal(view.severityLabel, 'Major');
+  assert.equal(view.color, '#d7301f');
+  assert.equal(view.category, 'Strike');
+  assert.equal(view.place, 'Kharkiv');
+  assert.equal(view.sources, '6 sources');
+  assert.equal(view.age, '10 min');
+  assert.equal(view.sides, 'Reported by UA sources · RU sources');
+  assert.deepEqual(view.picture, { url: 'https://a.test/p.jpg', credit: 'A' });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    view.chips.map((c) => [c.kind, c.label]),
+    [
+      ['official', 'Official'],
+      ['confirmed', 'Reported by both sides'],
+      ['media', 'Video'],
+      ['media', 'Photos'],
+    ],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    view.others.map((o) => o.side),
+    ['RU'],
+  );
+  // A lone report: its own side, no picture, one source.
+  const single = feedCardView(report('s', '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z'), NOW);
+  assert.equal(single.sides, 'Reported by UA sources');
+  assert.equal(single.picture, null);
+  assert.equal(single.original, null);
+  assert.equal(sidesLine({ side: 'unknown' }), '');
+});
+
+test('in view: half-degree cells and reports within 500 km of the centre', () => {
+  assert.equal(viewCell({ lat: 50.2, lon: 36.7 }), '100:73');
+  assert.equal(viewCell({ lat: 50.4, lon: 36.9 }), '100:73');
+  assert.notEqual(viewCell({ lat: 50.6, lon: 36.7 }), '100:73');
+  assert.ok(
+    Math.abs(distanceKm({ lat: 0, lon: 0 }, { lat: 0, lon: 1 }) - 111.2) < 0.5,
+  );
+  const filters = normalizeFilters({ minSeverity: 0 });
+  const near = report('near', '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z', { severity: 1 });
+  const major = report('major', '2026-10-28T08:00:00Z', { severity: 3 });
+  const far = report('far', '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z', {
+    pins: [{ lat: 31.5, lon: 34.4, place: 'Gaza', mappable: true }],
+  });
+  const old = report('old', '2026-10-27T08:00:00Z');
+  const centre = { lat: 49, lon: 36 };
+  assert.ok(distanceKm(centre, far.pins[0]) > NEWS_IN_VIEW_RADIUS_KM);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    reportsInView([near, far, old, major], centre, filters, NOW).map(
+      (r) => r.id,
+    ),
+    ['major', 'near'],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(reportsInView([near], null, filters, NOW), []);
+  assert.deepEqual(reportsInView([], centre, filters, NOW), []);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/news/records.js b/src/layers/news/records.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..266d17f7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/news/records.js
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+// Validate /api/news payloads before they reach the scene or the DOM. Every
+// string is bounded, every URL is http(s), every position is finite; a record
+// that fails is dropped, a payload that fails is rejected whole. A portable
+// export (layers/news/source): no i18n here.
+
+const CATEGORY = /^[a-z][a-z-]{1,31}$/;
+const CODE = /^[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9-]{0,31}$/;
+const ID = /^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9_-]{0,63}$/i;
+const EVENT_STATUSES = Object.freeze([
+  'both-sides',
+  'independent',
+  'claimed',
+  'reported',
+  'side',
+  'single',
+]);
+
+const text = (value, max) =>
+  typeof value === 'string' && value.trim()
+    ? value.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim().slice(0, max)
+    : null;
+const finite = (value, min, max) =>
+  Number.isFinite(value) && value >= min && value <= max ? value : null;
+const iso = (value) => {
+  const ms = Date.parse(value);
+  return Number.isFinite(ms) ? new Date(ms).toISOString() : null;
+};
+const code = (value) =>
+  typeof value === 'string' && CODE.test(value) ? value : null;
+const severity = (value) =>
+  Number.isInteger(value) && value >= 0 && value <= 3 ? value : null;
+
+/** An http(s) URL without credentials, as its normalised href, or null. */
+export function httpUrl(value) {
+  try {
+    const url = new URL(value);
+    return ['http:', 'https:'].includes(url.protocol) &&
+      !url.username &&
+      !url.password
+      ? url.href
+      : null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+function normalizeBbox(bbox) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(bbox) || bbox.length !== 4) return null;
+  const [west, south, east, north] = bbox;
+  if (
+    finite(west, -180, 180) === null ||
+    finite(east, -180, 180) === null ||
+    finite(south, -90, 90) === null ||
+    finite(north, -90, 90) === null ||
+    west >= east ||
+    south >= north
+  )
+    return null;
+  return [west, south, east, north];
+}
+
+/** Beacon position: the curated focus point, else the bbox centre. */
+function normalizeFocus(focus, [west, south, east, north]) {
+  const lat = finite(focus?.lat, south, north);
+  const lon = finite(focus?.lon, west, east);
+  return lat !== null && lon !== null
+    ? { lat, lon }
+    : { lat: (south + north) / 2, lon: (west + east) / 2 };
+}
+
+function normalizeDeveloping(items) {
+  const out = [];
+  for (const raw of Array.isArray(items) ? items.slice(0, 16) : []) {
+    const lat = finite(raw?.focus?.lat, -90, 90);
+    const lon = finite(raw?.focus?.lon, -180, 180);
+    const country =
+      typeof raw?.country === 'string' && /^[A-Z]{2}$/.test(raw.country)
+        ? raw.country
+        : null;
+    if (lat === null || lon === null || !country) continue;
+    // A state where the catch-all flags states ("US-FL"), else the country.
+    const area =
+      typeof raw.area === 'string' && /^[A-Z]{2}-[A-Z0-9]{1,3}$/.test(raw.area)
+        ? raw.area
+        : null;
+    out.push({
+      country,
+      key: area || country,
+      name: text(raw.name, 80) || country,
+      events: Math.max(0, Math.floor(Number(raw.events) || 0)),
+      reports: Math.max(0, Math.floor(Number(raw.reports) || 0)),
+      focus: { lat, lon },
+    });
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * `/api/news/hotspots` → `{hotspots, categories, lastRunAt}`, or null when the
+ * payload has no hotspot list.
+ */
+export function normalizeHotspotsPayload(payload) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(payload?.hotspots)) return null;
+  const hotspots = [];
+  for (const raw of payload.hotspots.slice(0, 64)) {
+    const id = typeof raw?.id === 'string' && ID.test(raw.id) ? raw.id : null;
+    const name = text(raw?.name, 80);
+    const bbox = normalizeBbox(raw?.bbox);
+    if (!id || !name || !bbox) continue;
+    const counts = raw.counts || {};
+    hotspots.push({
+      id,
+      name,
+      kind: text(raw.kind, 16) || 'conflict',
+      catchAll: raw.catchAll === true,
+      developing: normalizeDeveloping(raw.developing),
+      bbox,
+      parties: Array.isArray(raw.parties)
+        ? raw.parties.filter((p) => code(p))
+        : [],
+      last24h: Math.max(0, Math.floor(Number(counts.last24h) || 0)),
+      mapped24h: Math.max(0, Math.floor(Number(counts.mapped24h) || 0)),
+      prev24h: Number.isFinite(counts.prev24h)
+        ? Math.max(0, Math.floor(counts.prev24h))
+        : null,
+      focus: normalizeFocus(raw.focus, bbox),
+      latestAt: iso(raw.latestAt),
+    });
+  }
+  return {
+    hotspots,
+    categories: Array.isArray(payload.categories)
+      ? payload.categories.filter(
+          (c) => typeof c === 'string' && CATEGORY.test(c),
+        )
+      : [],
+    lastRunAt: iso(payload.ingest?.lastRunAt),
+  };
+}
+
+function normalizeGeo(geo) {
+  if (!geo || typeof geo !== 'object') return null;
+  const lat = finite(geo.lat, -90, 90);
+  const lon = finite(geo.lon, -180, 180);
+  if (lat === null || lon === null) return null;
+  return {
+    lat,
+    lon,
+    place: text(geo.place, 80),
+    precision: text(geo.precision, 16) || 'city',
+    confidence: finite(geo.confidence, 0, 1) ?? 0,
+    mappable: geo.mappable === true,
+    byModel: geo.method === 'llm',
+  };
+}
+
+/** The event's picture: an HTTPS URL on the publisher's site, and whose it is. */
+function eventImage(image) {
+  const url = httpUrl(image?.url);
+  if (!url?.startsWith('https://')) return null;
+  return { url, publisher: text(image.publisher, 80) || '' };
+}
+
+/** An event summary from `/feed?events=1`: size and one report per side. */
+function normalizeEvent(event) {
+  if (!event || typeof event !== 'object') return null;
+  const count = (value) => Math.max(1, Math.floor(Number(value) || 1));
+  const sides = [];
+  for (const side of Array.isArray(event.sides)
+    ? event.sides.slice(0, 8)
+    : []) {
+    const url = httpUrl(side?.url);
+    const title = text(side?.title, 300);
+    if (!url || !title) continue;
+    sides.push({
+      side: code(side.side) || 'unknown',
+      title,
+      url,
+      publisher: text(side.publisher, 80) || '',
+      publishedAt: iso(side.publishedAt),
+    });
+  }
+  return {
+    id: typeof event.id === 'string' && ID.test(event.id) ? event.id : null,
+    status: EVENT_STATUSES.includes(event.status) ? event.status : null,
+    claimedBy: text(event.claimedBy, 80),
+    reportedSide: code(event.reportedSide),
+    size: count(event.size),
+    reports: count(event.reports),
+    severity: severity(event.severity),
+    firstAt: iso(event.firstAt),
+    lastAt: iso(event.lastAt),
+    sides,
+    image: eventImage(event.image),
+  };
+}
+
+function normalizeReport(raw) {
+  const id = typeof raw?.id === 'string' && ID.test(raw.id) ? raw.id : null;
+  const title = text(raw?.title, 300);
+  const url = httpUrl(raw?.url);
+  const publishedAt = iso(raw?.publishedAt);
+  if (!id || !title || !url || !publishedAt) return null;
+  const source = raw.source || {};
+  const geo = normalizeGeo(raw.geo);
+  // Map positions: the report's own place plus any other hotspot its title
+  // names (a roundup is pinned in each).
+  const pins = [];
+  for (const place of [
+    geo,
+    ...(Array.isArray(raw.locations)
+      ? raw.locations.slice(0, 8).map(normalizeGeo)
+      : []),
+  ])
+    if (
+      place?.mappable &&
+      !pins.some((p) => p.lat === place.lat && p.lon === place.lon)
+    )
+      pins.push(place);
+  const hotspotId = typeof raw.hotspotId === 'string' ? raw.hotspotId : null;
+  return {
+    id,
+    hotspotId,
+    hotspotIds: Array.isArray(raw.hotspotIds)
+      ? raw.hotspotIds.filter((h) => typeof h === 'string').slice(0, 8)
+      : [hotspotId].filter(Boolean),
+    title,
+    url,
+    snippet: text(raw.snippet, 400),
+    publisher: text(raw.publisher, 80) || text(source.name, 80) || '',
+    sourceName: text(source.name, 80) || text(raw.publisher, 80) || '',
+    kind: text(raw.kind, 16) || 'rss',
+    side: code(raw.side) || 'unknown',
+    affiliation: text(raw.affiliation, 32),
+    attribution: text(source.attribution, 120),
+    category:
+      typeof raw.category === 'string' && CATEGORY.test(raw.category)
+        ? raw.category
+        : 'other',
+    publishedAt,
+    geo,
+    pins,
+    event: normalizeEvent(raw.event),
+    titleEn: text(raw.titleEn, 200),
+    relevance: ['core', 'related', 'minor'].includes(raw.relevance)
+      ? raw.relevance
+      : 'related',
+    severity: severity(raw.severity),
+    severityBy: raw.severityBy === 'model' ? 'model' : 'rules',
+    claim:
+      raw.claim && typeof raw.claim === 'object'
+        ? { by: text(raw.claim.by, 80) }
+        : null,
+    media: Array.isArray(raw.media)
+      ? [...new Set(raw.media.filter((m) => m === 'video' || m === 'photo'))]
+      : [],
+  };
+}
+
+function normalizeRing(ring) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(ring) || ring.length < 3) return null;
+  const points = [];
+  for (const point of ring.slice(0, 20_000)) {
+    const lon = finite(point?.[0], -180, 180);
+    const lat = finite(point?.[1], -90, 90);
+    if (lon !== null && lat !== null) points.push([lon, lat]);
+  }
+  return points.length >= 3 ? points : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * `/api/news/outline` → `{polygons, borders, disputed}`: the dissolved extent
+ * (`{outer, holes}`), the national borders inside it (rings) and its disputed
+ * areas, invalid parts dropped.
+ */
+export function normalizeOutlinePayload(payload) {
+  const polygons = [];
+  for (const raw of Array.isArray(payload?.polygons)
+    ? payload.polygons.slice(0, 200)
+    : []) {
+    const outer = normalizeRing(raw?.outer);
+    if (!outer) continue;
+    const holes = (Array.isArray(raw.holes) ? raw.holes.slice(0, 200) : [])
+      .map(normalizeRing)
+      .filter(Boolean);
+    polygons.push({ outer, holes });
+  }
+  const borders = (
+    Array.isArray(payload?.borders) ? payload.borders.slice(0, 50) : []
+  )
+    .map(normalizeRing)
+    .filter(Boolean);
+  const KINDS = ['held', 'self', 'un', 'unclaimed'];
+  const country = (value) =>
+    typeof value === 'string' && /^[A-Z]{2}$/.test(value) ? value : null;
+  const disputed = [];
+  for (const raw of Array.isArray(payload?.disputed)
+    ? payload.disputed.slice(0, 30)
+    : []) {
+    const rings = (Array.isArray(raw?.rings) ? raw.rings.slice(0, 20) : [])
+      .map(normalizeRing)
+      .filter(Boolean);
+    const name = text(raw?.name, 60);
+    if (!rings.length || !name) continue;
+    disputed.push({
+      name,
+      kind: KINDS.includes(raw.kind) ? raw.kind : 'held',
+      heldBy: country(raw.heldBy),
+      claimedBy: country(raw.claimedBy),
+      rings,
+    });
+  }
+  return { polygons, borders, disputed };
+}
+
+/** `/api/news/feed` → `{reports, nextBefore}`, or null without a report list. */
+export function normalizeFeedPayload(payload) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(payload?.reports)) return null;
+  const reports = [];
+  for (const raw of payload.reports.slice(0, 500)) {
+    const report = normalizeReport(raw);
+    if (report) reports.push(report);
+  }
+  return { reports, nextBefore: iso(payload.nextBefore) };
+}
diff --git a/src/layers/news/source.js b/src/layers/news/source.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c739584b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/news/source.js
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+import { readResponseJsonCapped } from '../../sources/httpBody.js';
+import { isUnavailableCapability } from '../../sources/capability.js';
+import {
+  normalizeFeedPayload,
+  normalizeHotspotsPayload,
+  normalizeOutlinePayload,
+} from './records.js';
+
+// A portable export (package.json): no i18n here. Failures stay English data;
+// the layer shows them translated.
+const msg = (text) => text;
+
+const MAX_BYTES = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
+const BASE_PATH = '/api/news';
+// The outline geometry version the client draws (disputed areas included).
+const OUTLINE_VERSION = '3';
+
+/** The three read routes the news layer calls, for a host's path allowlist. */
+export const NEWS_API_PATHS = Object.freeze([
+  `${BASE_PATH}/hotspots`,
+  `${BASE_PATH}/feed`,
+  `${BASE_PATH}/outline`,
+]);
+
+const FEED_KEYS = Object.freeze([
+  'hotspot',
+  'before',
+  'since',
+  'limit',
+  'category',
+  'relevance',
+]);
+const FLAG_KEYS = Object.freeze(['geo', 'today', 'events']);
+const ISO = /^\d{4}-\d\d-\d\dT\d\d:\d\d:\d\d(?:\.\d{1,3})?Z$/;
+const LIST = /^[a-z][a-z,-]{0,127}$/;
+const FEED_VALUE = {
+  hotspot: (v) => /^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9_-]{0,63}$/i.test(v),
+  before: (v) => ISO.test(v),
+  since: (v) => ISO.test(v),
+  limit: (v) => /^\d{1,3}$/.test(v) && Number(v) >= 1 && Number(v) <= 500,
+  category: (v) => LIST.test(v),
+  relevance: (v) => LIST.test(v),
+};
+
+/** Feed query string from a plain object; unknown keys and empty values are dropped. */
+export function newsFeedQuery(query = {}) {
+  const params = new URLSearchParams();
+  for (const key of FEED_KEYS) {
+    const value = query[key];
+    if (value !== undefined && value !== null && value !== '')
+      params.set(key, String(value));
+  }
+  for (const key of FLAG_KEYS) if (query[key]) params.set(key, '1');
+  return params.toString();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether a request URL is one this client sends: a known route, known keys
+ * only, each value in its form. A host proxying the routes can admit exactly
+ * these and refuse the rest.
+ * @param {URL} url
+ */
+export function newsQueryAllowed(url) {
+  const params = [...url.searchParams];
+  if (new Set(params.map(([key]) => key)).size !== params.length) return false;
+  if (url.pathname === `${BASE_PATH}/hotspots`) return params.length === 0;
+  if (url.pathname === `${BASE_PATH}/outline`) {
+    const keys = params.map(([key]) => key).sort();
+    const value = url.searchParams;
+    return (
+      params.length === 2 &&
+      keys[1] === 'v' &&
+      value.get('v') === OUTLINE_VERSION &&
+      ((keys[0] === 'hotspot' && FEED_VALUE.hotspot(value.get('hotspot'))) ||
+        (keys[0] === 'country' &&
+          /^[A-Z]{2}(?:-[A-Z0-9]{1,3})?$/.test(value.get('country'))))
+    );
+  }
+  if (url.pathname !== `${BASE_PATH}/feed`) return false;
+  return params.every(([key, value]) =>
+    FLAG_KEYS.includes(key)
+      ? value === '1'
+      : Object.hasOwn(FEED_VALUE, key) && FEED_VALUE[key](value),
+  );
+}
+
+/** A failed read: a server without the news routes is a permanent miss. */
+async function responseError(response) {
+  let body = null;
+  try {
+    body = await readResponseJsonCapped(response, 16 * 1024);
+  } catch {
+    await response.body?.cancel?.().catch?.(() => {});
+  }
+  const unavailable =
+    response.status === 404 ||
+    (response.status === 503 && isUnavailableCapability(body));
+  return Object.assign(
+    new Error(
+      unavailable
+        ? msg('News feed not configured on this server')
+        : msg('News feed unavailable'),
+    ),
+    {
+      status: response.status,
+      code: unavailable ? 'unavailable' : 'http',
+      unavailable,
+      retryable: !unavailable,
+    },
+  );
+}
+
+/** Read hotspots, reports and outlines from the server's /api/news routes. */
+export function createNewsSource({
+  fetchImpl = (...args) => globalThis.fetch(...args),
+  timeoutMs = 15_000,
+} = {}) {
+  async function get(path, { signal } = {}) {
+    signal?.throwIfAborted();
+    const timeout = AbortSignal.timeout(timeoutMs);
+    const request = signal ? AbortSignal.any([signal, timeout]) : timeout;
+    const response = await fetchImpl(`${BASE_PATH}${path}`, {
+      signal: request,
+      cache: 'no-store',
+      redirect: 'error',
+    });
+    if (!response.ok) throw await responseError(response);
+    return readResponseJsonCapped(response, MAX_BYTES, request);
+  }
+  return {
+    async getHotspots({ signal } = {}) {
+      const payload = normalizeHotspotsPayload(
+        await get('/hotspots', { signal }),
+      );
+      if (!payload) throw new Error(msg('Malformed news hotspots response'));
+      return payload;
+    },
+    async getOutline(hotspotId, { signal } = {}) {
+      return normalizeOutlinePayload(
+        await get(
+          `/outline?hotspot=${encodeURIComponent(hotspotId)}&v=${OUTLINE_VERSION}`,
+          { signal },
+        ),
+      );
+    },
+    async getCountryOutline(country, { signal } = {}) {
+      return normalizeOutlinePayload(
+        await get(
+          `/outline?country=${encodeURIComponent(country)}&v=${OUTLINE_VERSION}`,
+          { signal },
+        ),
+      );
+    },
+    async getFeed(query = {}, { signal } = {}) {
+      const payload = normalizeFeedPayload(
+        await get(`/feed?${newsFeedQuery(query)}`, { signal }),
+      );
+      if (!payload) throw new Error(msg('Malformed news feed response'));
+      return payload;
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f48093ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import {
+  NEWS_API_PATHS,
+  createNewsSource,
+  newsFeedQuery,
+  newsQueryAllowed,
+} from './source.js';
+
+const json = (body, status = 200) =>
+  new Response(JSON.stringify(body), {
+    status,
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+  });
+
+function recorder(respond) {
+  const calls = [];
+  return {
+    calls,
+    fetchImpl: async (url, init) => {
+      calls.push({ url, init });
+      return respond(url, init);
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+test('reads validated hotspots, feed and outlines from the same-origin routes', async () => {
+  const { calls, fetchImpl } = recorder((url) => {
+    if (url.startsWith('/api/news/hotspots'))
+      return json({
+        hotspots: [{ id: 'ua', name: 'UA', bbox: [22, 44, 42, 56] }],
+      });
+    if (url.startsWith('/api/news/feed'))
+      return json({
+        reports: [
+          {
+            id: 'r1',
+            title: 'T',
+            url: 'https://x.test/',
+            publishedAt: '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z',
+          },
+        ],
+        nextBefore: null,
+      });
+    return json({ polygons: [], borders: [], disputed: [] });
+  });
+  const source = createNewsSource({ fetchImpl });
+  assert.equal((await source.getHotspots()).hotspots[0].id, 'ua');
+  assert.equal(
+    (await source.getFeed({ hotspot: 'all', today: true, limit: 60 }))
+      .reports[0].id,
+    'r1',
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual((await source.getOutline('ua')).polygons, []);
+  await source.getCountryOutline('SD');
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    calls.map((c) => c.url),
+    [
+      '/api/news/hotspots',
+      '/api/news/feed?hotspot=all&limit=60&today=1',
+      '/api/news/outline?hotspot=ua&v=3',
+      '/api/news/outline?country=SD&v=3',
+    ],
+  );
+  for (const { url, init } of calls) {
+    assert.equal(init.redirect, 'error');
+    assert.equal(init.cache, 'no-store');
+    assert.ok(init.signal instanceof AbortSignal);
+    // Every URL the client sends is one a host's allowlist admits.
+    assert.equal(newsQueryAllowed(new URL(url, 'http://h')), true, url);
+  }
+});
+
+test('malformed, failed and unconfigured reads reject; a server without news is a permanent miss', async () => {
+  const malformed = createNewsSource({ fetchImpl: async () => json({}) });
+  await assert.rejects(malformed.getHotspots(), /Malformed news hotspots/);
+  await assert.rejects(malformed.getFeed(), /Malformed news feed/);
+
+  const down = createNewsSource({
+    fetchImpl: async () => json({ error: 'upstream' }, 502),
+  });
+  await assert.rejects(down.getHotspots(), (error) => {
+    assert.equal(error.message, 'News feed unavailable');
+    assert.equal(error.retryable, true);
+    assert.equal(error.unavailable, false);
+    return true;
+  });
+
+  const unconfigured = createNewsSource({
+    fetchImpl: async () =>
+      json(
+        { error: 'news_not_configured', unavailable: true, retryable: false },
+        503,
+      ),
+  });
+  await assert.rejects(unconfigured.getHotspots(), (error) => {
+    assert.equal(error.message, 'News feed not configured on this server');
+    assert.equal(error.code, 'unavailable');
+    assert.equal(error.unavailable, true);
+    assert.equal(error.retryable, false);
+    return true;
+  });
+  const missing = createNewsSource({
+    fetchImpl: async () => new Response('Not found', { status: 404 }),
+  });
+  await assert.rejects(missing.getFeed(), { unavailable: true });
+  const broken = createNewsSource({
+    fetchImpl: async () => new Response('{', { status: 200 }),
+  });
+  await assert.rejects(broken.getHotspots(), SyntaxError);
+});
+
+test('reads time out and follow the caller signal', async () => {
+  const hang = (_url, { signal }) =>
+    new Promise((_, reject) =>
+      signal.addEventListener('abort', () => reject(signal.reason), {
+        once: true,
+      }),
+    );
+  const slow = createNewsSource({ fetchImpl: hang, timeoutMs: 20 });
+  await assert.rejects(slow.getHotspots(), { name: 'TimeoutError' });
+  const caller = new AbortController();
+  const pending = createNewsSource({ fetchImpl: hang }).getFeed(
+    {},
+    { signal: caller.signal },
+  );
+  caller.abort(new Error('gone'));
+  await assert.rejects(pending, /gone/);
+  await assert.rejects(
+    createNewsSource({ fetchImpl: hang }).getHotspots({
+      signal: AbortSignal.abort(new Error('already')),
+    }),
+    /already/,
+  );
+});
+
+test('the host allowlist admits the client routes and refuses anything else', () => {
+  const allowed = (path) => newsQueryAllowed(new URL(path, 'http://h'));
+  assert.deepEqual(NEWS_API_PATHS, [
+    '/api/news/hotspots',
+    '/api/news/feed',
+    '/api/news/outline',
+  ]);
+  assert.equal(
+    allowed(
+      `/api/news/feed?${newsFeedQuery({ hotspot: 'ua-ru-war', before: '2026-10-28T08:00:00.000Z', limit: 500, category: 'strike', relevance: 'core,related', geo: true, today: true, events: true })}`,
+    ),
+    true,
+  );
+  for (const path of [
+    '/api/news/hotspots?x=1',
+    '/api/news/feed?limit=501',
+    '/api/news/feed?limit=0',
+    '/api/news/feed?hotspot=all&hotspot=ua',
+    '/api/news/feed?since=yesterday',
+    '/api/news/feed?geo=yes',
+    '/api/news/feed?side=UA',
+    '/api/news/air-alerts',
+    '/api/news/outline?hotspot=ua',
+    '/api/news/outline?hotspot=ua&v=2',
+    '/api/news/outline?country=ukraine&v=3',
+  ])
+    assert.equal(allowed(path), false, path);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/news/sprites.js b/src/layers/news/sprites.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac7c71ac5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/news/sprites.js
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Marker sprites for news reports: a disc filled with the severity colour,
+// the category's icon in it, and a rim for attestation. Drawn once per look
+// on a canvas and handed to Cesium as a data URL, so its texture atlas keeps
+// one copy per look however often the layer re-renders.
+
+import { NEWS_CATEGORIES, NEWS_SEVERITY } from './model.js';
+
+const CANVAS = 64;
+const BODY = 52; // disc diameter inside the canvas; the rest is rim and ring
+const INK = '#0a0a0f';
+const RIM = '#ffffff';
+const SELECTED = '#00d4ff';
+
+/** Canvas pixels per marker pixel: the billboard is drawn at this ratio. */
+export const SPRITE_SCALE = CANVAS / BODY;
+
+const cache = new Map();
+
+/**
+ * Paint one marker look centred at (cx, cy) with a disc of `body` pixels: the
+ * sprites and the event cards' badges draw the same thing.
+ */
+export function paintMarker(ctx, { category, severity, rim }, cx, cy, body) {
+  const k = body / BODY; // the strokes below are tuned for the 52 px body
+  const r = body / 2;
+  // A dark edge keeps the lightest fills apart from bright ground.
+  ctx.beginPath();
+  ctx.arc(cx, cy, r + 1.5 * k, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
+  ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85)';
+  ctx.fill();
+  ctx.beginPath();
+  ctx.arc(cx, cy, r, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
+  ctx.fillStyle = (NEWS_SEVERITY[severity] || NEWS_SEVERITY[0]).color;
+  ctx.fill();
+
+  // Attestation is the rim's form, never its colour.
+  if (rim === 'confirmed' || rim === 'claimed') {
+    ctx.beginPath();
+    ctx.arc(cx, cy, r - 3.5 * k, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
+    ctx.setLineDash(rim === 'claimed' ? [7 * k, 5 * k] : []);
+    ctx.lineWidth = 7 * k;
+    ctx.strokeStyle = RIM;
+    ctx.stroke();
+    ctx.setLineDash([]);
+  } else {
+    ctx.beginPath();
+    ctx.arc(cx, cy, r - 1 * k, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
+    ctx.lineWidth = 2 * k;
+    ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75)';
+    ctx.stroke();
+  }
+
+  const style = NEWS_CATEGORIES[category] || NEWS_CATEGORIES.other;
+  const icon = body * 0.56;
+  ctx.save();
+  ctx.translate(cx - icon / 2, cy - icon / 2);
+  ctx.scale(icon / 16, icon / 16);
+  const path = new Path2D(style.icon);
+  ctx.lineCap = 'round';
+  ctx.lineJoin = 'round';
+  ctx.lineWidth = 1.7;
+  ctx.strokeStyle = INK;
+  if (style.solid) {
+    ctx.fillStyle = INK;
+    ctx.fill(path);
+  } else ctx.stroke(path);
+  ctx.restore();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Data URL of the sprite for a look, or null where there is no canvas (the
+ * layer then falls back to a plain point).
+ * @param {{category: string, severity: number, rim: 'confirmed'|'claimed'|'thin', selected?: boolean}} look
+ */
+export function markerSprite({ category, severity, rim, selected = false }) {
+  const key = `${category}|${severity}|${rim}|${selected ? 1 : 0}`;
+  if (cache.has(key)) return cache.get(key);
+  const canvas = globalThis.document?.createElement?.('canvas');
+  const ctx = canvas?.getContext?.('2d');
+  if (!ctx || typeof globalThis.Path2D !== 'function') return null;
+  canvas.width = canvas.height = CANVAS;
+  const c = CANVAS / 2;
+  paintMarker(ctx, { category, severity, rim }, c, c, BODY);
+  if (selected) {
+    ctx.beginPath();
+    ctx.arc(c, c, CANVAS / 2 - 2, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
+    ctx.lineWidth = 3.5;
+    ctx.strokeStyle = SELECTED;
+    ctx.stroke();
+  }
+  const url = canvas.toDataURL('image/png');
+  cache.set(key, url);
+  return url;
+}

From 5bb489d1fb2c2460a3567029393745056a3c324e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 20:03:44 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 039/181] Put news on the globe, with a feed panel in the right
 rail
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Events ▸ News draws the last 24 hours of reports from curated hotspots
(Ukraine–Russia, Israel–Gaza–Lebanon, Iran–Hormuz, Yemen–Red Sea, Sudan,
Sahel) and developing situations elsewhere, from any server that answers the
`/api/news` read routes.

- Globe: one marker per merged event, clamped to the ground and culled at the
  horizon; one beacon per hotspot when zoomed out and a pulsing beacon for a
  developing situation; hotspot outlines with disputed areas dotted and
  labelled by who administers and who claims them; picture cards for at most
  ten major or fast-growing events with two or more sources, never
  overlapping, switchable off.
- Panel: hotspot chips, a severity filter (significant and above by default),
  categories, minor news off by default, and a scrolling list of event cards
  with picture, headline, place, sources, age and the sides that reported it.
  "In view" lists what is near the map below 3,000 km once the camera
  settles. A card flies the globe to its event and opens it with a link to
  the publisher. Reduced motion stops the pulse and the flights.
- Core serves no news itself: the local server proxies GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN when it
  is set, and answers 503 unavailable otherwise, so the layer reads "not
  configured" once instead of retrying.
- Share token 9 (enabled-only); voice stays off for this layer.
---
 .env.example                              |    5 +
 DATA_SOURCES.md                           |    1 +
 changelog.d/1-news-layer.md               |    6 +
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                     |    8 +
 scripts/package-boundaries.json           |   29 +
 server/providers/local.js                 |    2 +
 server/providers/news.js                  |  109 ++
 server/providers/news.test.mjs            |  135 +++
 src/app/constructCatalog.js               |    2 +
 src/app/constructCatalog.test.mjs         |    5 +-
 src/app/layers/news.js                    |    6 +
 src/app/sourceComposition.js              |    1 +
 src/app/sourceComposition.test.mjs        |   31 +-
 src/data/dataCredits.js                   |    8 +
 src/data/layerState.js                    |    1 +
 src/data/layerState.test.mjs              |   34 +-
 src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs   |   64 +-
 src/data/layerStateTokenReservations.json |    1 +
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json                  |   46 +
 src/i18n/locales/de.json                  |   38 +
 src/i18n/locales/es.json                  |   40 +
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json                  |   40 +
 src/i18n/locales/it.json                  |   40 +
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json                  |   36 +
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json                  |   40 +
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json                  |   42 +
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json                  |   42 +
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json               |   36 +
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json             |   36 +
 src/layers/news/index.js                  | 1240 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs            |  255 +++++
 src/navigationPolicy.js                   |    2 +
 src/navigationPolicy.test.mjs             |    1 +
 src/standalone/layerSources.js            |    5 +
 src/ui/layerBindings.js                   |    9 +
 src/ui/layerNames.js                      |    1 +
 src/ui/layerPanel.js                      |   20 +
 src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue                  |  127 +++
 src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue                  |  217 ++++
 src/ui/newsPanel.js                       |   73 ++
 src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs                 |  223 ++++
 src/ui/panelChrome.js                     |    2 +
 src/ui/panelLayoutController.js           |    3 +
 src/ui/panelRailCatalog.js                |    1 +
 src/ui/styles/news.css                    |  378 +++++++
 src/ui/views/ContextView.vue              |    4 +
 src/voice/layerManifest.js                |    1 +
 style.css                                 |    1 +
 48 files changed, 3394 insertions(+), 53 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
 create mode 100644 server/providers/news.js
 create mode 100644 server/providers/news.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/app/layers/news.js
 create mode 100644 src/layers/news/index.js
 create mode 100644 src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue
 create mode 100644 src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue
 create mode 100644 src/ui/newsPanel.js
 create mode 100644 src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/ui/styles/news.css

diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
index b3de4cefa..d026e35e2 100644
--- a/.env.example
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -317,3 +317,8 @@ GEMINI_CHAT_MODEL=gemini-3.5-flash-lite
 # Each reserves up to 40 stations within the existing 750-station directory.
 # Restart after changing. Leave blank for the existing global selection.
 # RADIO_PRIORITY_COUNTRIES=IN,PL
+# Optional: a news server for the News layer (its /api/news/hotspots, /feed
+# and /outline routes), such as https://news.example. The dev server forwards
+# only the layer's own GET requests there, with a 15 s timeout. Unset, Core
+# serves no news and the layer shows itself unavailable. SERVER-SIDE ONLY.
+# GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN=
diff --git a/DATA_SOURCES.md b/DATA_SOURCES.md
index ed0895b0a..5bddb2349 100644
--- a/DATA_SOURCES.md
+++ b/DATA_SOURCES.md
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ How to read this:
 | **NASA GIBS** (WMTS tiles + Worldview Snapshots) and **NASA CMR** (granule catalog) | Recent Imagery layer: HLS S30/L30 (Sentinel-2, Landsat 8/9) and VIIRS true-colour tiles draped on the map, per-day thumbnails and PNG exports; the HLS granule catalog (dates, cloud, footprints) for a selected box | U.S. public domain (NASA data); keyless, browser-direct (CORS `*`); no bulk use — one 30-day catalog query per box, tiles bounded to the box, six tile requests in flight | "We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS)." — [gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov](https://gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov), [HLS](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/hlss30v002/) |
 | **NIFC WFIGS** (Wildland Fire Interagency Geospatial Services, ArcGIS feature service) | Fire Perimeters layer: current interagency wildfire incident perimeters, containment, and incident facts | U.S. public domain (interagency wildland-fire data published through the [NIFC Open Data portal](https://data-nifc.opendata.arcgis.com/)); fetched keyless through `/api/fire-perimeters` (5-minute server cache) with `exceededTransferLimit` paging | "Wildfire perimeters: National Interagency Fire Center (WFIGS)" |
 | **S2 Underground GhostMaps** (`github.com/s2underground/GhostMaps`) | S2 GhostMaps layer: the current edition of S2's KMZ intel products (Common Intelligence Picture, 30-day kinetic pull, Border Crisis Map, Iran and Yemen products, newest incident drop). Keyless. `/api/ghostmaps` reads the branch head from git's ref advertisement every 15 s (`GHOSTMAPS_POLL_SECONDS`, minimum 5 s), lists the tree through the GitHub REST API only when the head changes (optional `GITHUB_TOKEN`), downloads files by commit-pinned raw URLs into `.gev-cache/ghostmaps/` and pushes new catalogs to browsers over server-sent events | [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) (repository README: "S2 Underground © 2025 by S2A1"); non-commercial, attribution required; files are fetched at runtime, never stored in this repository | "S2 GhostMaps intel products: S2 Underground © by S2A1, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0" — shown in-app |
+| **News server** (`GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN`, optional; none by default) | News layer: curated hotspots and the last 24 h of reports from many publishers, merged into events. Core serves no news itself; the local server forwards the layer's `/api/news/hotspots`, `/feed` and `/outline` GET requests to the configured server | Each report stays its publisher's: headlines and summaries link to the original article, and pictures are hotlinked from the publisher's site (no referrer), never stored | Per report: publisher name and article link on every card; picture cards name the picture's publisher. No single provider is credited for the feed |
 | **InciWeb** (inciweb.wildfire.gov)                                    | Per-incident "InciWeb ↗" card links to official incident pages (narratives, evacuation/closure notices) | U.S. government public incident information. Links are matched best-effort by incident name and state, with incident page origin and update times checked on selection. Same-origin `/api/fire-perimeters/inciweb` routes cache the catalog for 1 hour and publication metadata for 30 minutes; linked pages remain InciWeb content | "Incident information: InciWeb (inciweb.wildfire.gov)" |
 | **FAA Special Use Airspace** (`services6.arcgis.com` FeatureServer `Special_Use_Airspace`) | Prohibited & Restricted Airspace layer: US prohibited (P) and restricted (R) special-use airspace polygons (not the UAS Facility Map or UAS flight restrictions), altitude limits from the `*_VAL`/`*_UOM`/`*_CODE` fields, times of use, and controlling agency | U.S. public domain (FAA aeronautical data published through the [FAA AIS Open Data portal](https://adds-faa.opendata.arcgis.com/)); fetched keyless through `/api/drone-airspace` (1-hour server cache). Informational only — not a substitute for official UAS flight-planning tools | "Prohibited & restricted airspace: FAA Special Use Airspace" |
 | **OpenFreeMap / OpenMapTiles** | Vector tiles | OpenStreetMap data under ODbL 1.0 | OpenFreeMap © OpenMapTiles |
diff --git a/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md b/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..081316b9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+- Add the News layer (Events ▸ News) and its right-rail NEWS panel: the last
+  24 hours from curated hotspots, coloured by severity only, with hotspot
+  beacons, outlines with disputed areas, picture cards for major events, an
+  "In view" list below 3,000 km and a continuous feed whose cards fly the globe
+  to the event. Core serves no news itself: set `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` to a news
+  server and the local server forwards the layer's three read routes there.
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 084ad4f83..4a52c0d74 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -4216,6 +4216,7 @@ its criteria cannot be silently ignored.
 | Ski Pistes ⛷ (`ski-pistes`) | OpenSnowMap piste raster tiles (keyless; CC BY-SA tiles, OSM data ODbL; no bulk download) | `src/data/osmOverlays.js` | — (browser-direct tiles) | on view (Cesium tile requests; no polling) |
 | Fire Perimeters 🔥 | NIFC WFIGS current interagency perimeters (keyless, paged past the 2000-record cap); InciWeb catalog + incident page origin and update time checks for verified incident-page links | `src/layers/perimeters/` via `src/app/layers/perimeters.js` | `/api/fire-perimeters` + `/api/fire-perimeters/inciweb/*` | 5 min (server caches: catalog 1 h; publication 30 min) |
 | Prohibited & Restricted Airspace 🚫 | FAA Special Use Airspace prohibited (P) and restricted (R) zones (keyless FeatureServer, simplified geometry) | `src/layers/droneAirspace/` via `src/app/layers/droneAirspace.js` | `/api/drone-airspace` | 1 h (server cache 1 h; stale-on-error) |
+| News ◆ (`news`) | A news server's `/api/news` read routes (curated hotspots, last 24 h of reports merged into events, outlines); Core serves none itself | `src/layers/news/` via `src/app/layers/news.js`; panel `src/ui/newsPanel.js` | `/api/news/hotspots`, `/api/news/feed`, `/api/news/outline` (local dev proxies `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN`; unset answers "not configured") | 2 min map refresh; In view re-read when the camera settles 0.8 s in a new half-degree cell below 3,000 km |
 
 GNSS Integrity samples a 250 nm circle around the Earth point under the screen
 centre. Camera reads debounce for 600 ms with a monotonic 2.5 s minimum gap;
@@ -5846,6 +5847,13 @@ request viewbox and continues searching without that geographic preference.
 - Pure half: `src/annotations/drawMode.js` (session, minimum vertices, double-click de-dup at 0.5 m, vertex ceiling, degenerate-geometry refusal, ring closing, dateline-safe length/area/centroid, hint text). Regression surface: `src/annotations/drawMode.test.mjs` and `src/data/inputOwnership.test.mjs` (pure), `src/annotations/drawToolBehaviour.test.mjs` (the tool driven against DOM and viewer doubles — leases, borrowed input actions, teardown, the Enter key, preview heights), `src/annotations/drawTool.test.mjs` (structural: where files live, which ids the markup carries, what the docs may claim), and the rendered harness `scripts/qa-draw-tool.mjs`.
 - The annotation tree is a declared ownership group: `./annotations` → `src/annotations/index.js` in `package.json`, with its module graph listed in `scripts/package-boundaries.json`, so an annotation module reaching outside that graph is a gate failure rather than a surprise in a layer's bundle. `drawMode.js`, `drawTool.js` and their tests are in `scripts/format-scope.json`.
 
+### News (November 2026)
+
+- **What it shows.** Events ▸ **News**: reports from curated hotspots (Ukraine–Russia, Israel–Gaza–Lebanon, Iran–Hormuz, Yemen–Red Sea, Sudan, Sahel, and developing situations elsewhere), the last 24 hours only. Zoomed out, one beacon per hotspot with its daily count and trend, and a breathing beacon per developing situation (still under reduced motion). Below 2,500 km (7,500 km with a hotspot chosen), the hotspot outlines with disputed areas dotted and named, and every geocoded report as a ground-clamped marker: fill is severity (0 grey no physical event, 1 yellow minor, 2 orange significant, 3 red major), the icon is the category, the rim is attestation (solid confirmed, dashed claim, thin single), size grows with sources and the marker fades over the day. Colour never marks a side. Up to ten picture cards (physical events with two or more sources, major or pressing) stand over their markers without overlapping; "Show event cards" off leaves only the selected one. A selected report's card reads "Source: host ↗" and opens the article.
+- **Panel.** The right-rail NEWS panel (`src/ui/newsPanel.js`, `src/ui/news/`) shows "Last 24 h", hotspot chips, severity (significant and above by default), category, "Include minor news" (off) and "Show event cards" (on), "In view" (reports within 500 km of the view centre while the camera is below 3,000 km) and a continuous feed of event cards: the publisher's picture when the event has one (hotlinked, no referrer, publisher credited), the headline (the model's English headline marked as such), a mono meta line (severity marker, category, place, sources, age), "Reported by UA sources · RU sources", attestation and media chips. A click flies the camera straight down from 150 km and selects the report.
+- **Source.** `sources.news` (`createNewsSource`, export `./layers/news/source`) reads same-origin `/api/news/*` with a 15 s timeout, a 4 MiB cap and record-by-record validation; `newsQueryAllowed` lets a host admit exactly the client's requests. Core's local server (`server/providers/news.js`) forwards only those GET requests to `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN`; unset, every route answers 503 `news_not_configured` and the layer reads unavailable without retrying until it is turned off and on. The feed has no area query, so In view filters the day's geocoded reports by distance.
+- **State.** Share/restore token `6`, enabled-only. Voice is off for this layer (`VOICE_OFF_LAYERS`).
+
 ### S2 GhostMaps (October 2026)
 
 - **What it shows.** Events ▸ **S2 GhostMaps** draws the current edition of S2 Underground's KMZ intel products from `github.com/s2underground/GhostMaps`. The products are the Common Intelligence Picture and the 30-day kinetic pull (both on by default), the Border Crisis Map, the Iran Common Intelligence Picture, Iran Kinetic Events, Yemen FLOT, and **Latest Drop**: the newest dated incident file outside those series, `0_Archive`, `Basedata` and `Reference Material`. Each product has a chip in the row. The chip choice is kept in `localStorage` (`gev.ghostmaps.products`) and falls back to the defaults when storage is blocked.
diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index 328112590..8e3591938 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -727,6 +727,11 @@
       "src/ui/rail/RailTimeline.vue",
       "src/ui/rail/rangeValue.js",
       "src/ui/weather/WeatherReadout.vue",
+      "src/ui/newsPanel.js",
+      "src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue",
+      "src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue",
+      "src/ui/kit/UiEmpty.vue",
+      "src/ui/kit/UiSelect.js",
       "src/ui/kit/UiButton.vue",
       "src/ui/kit/UiBadge.vue",
       "src/ui/rail/fieldValue.js",
@@ -1131,6 +1136,11 @@
       "src/ui/rail/RailTimeline.vue",
       "src/ui/rail/rangeValue.js",
       "src/ui/weather/WeatherReadout.vue",
+      "src/ui/newsPanel.js",
+      "src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue",
+      "src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue",
+      "src/ui/kit/UiEmpty.vue",
+      "src/ui/kit/UiSelect.js",
       "src/ui/stores/streetLevel.js",
       "src/ui/stores/cctv.js",
       "src/ui/stores/radio.js",
@@ -1190,6 +1200,7 @@
       "src/ui/styles/first-run.css",
       "src/ui/styles/provider-settings.css",
       "src/ui/styles/weather.css",
+      "src/ui/styles/news.css",
       "src/ui/styles/recent-imagery.css"
     ],
     "external": []
@@ -2960,6 +2971,13 @@
       "src/layers/droneAirspace/source.js",
       "src/layers/droneAirspace/records.js",
       "src/layers/droneAirspace/cards.js",
+      "src/app/layers/news.js",
+      "src/layers/news/index.js",
+      "src/layers/news/model.js",
+      "src/layers/news/records.js",
+      "src/layers/news/source.js",
+      "src/layers/news/sprites.js",
+      "src/layers/news/cards.js",
       "src/layers/cctv/sourcePolicy.js",
       "src/sources/reference.js",
       "src/search/nominatim.js",
@@ -3212,6 +3230,10 @@
       "src/ui/rail/RailTimeline.vue",
       "src/ui/rail/rangeValue.js",
       "src/ui/weather/WeatherReadout.vue",
+      "src/ui/newsPanel.js",
+      "src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue",
+      "src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue",
+      "src/ui/kit/UiSelect.js",
       "src/ui/recentImagery/RecentImageryCard.vue",
       "src/ui/recentImagery/RecentImageryReadout.vue",
       "src/ui/stores/streetLevel.js",
@@ -3714,6 +3736,13 @@
       "src/layers/droneAirspace/source.js",
       "src/layers/droneAirspace/records.js",
       "src/layers/droneAirspace/cards.js",
+      "src/app/layers/news.js",
+      "src/layers/news/index.js",
+      "src/layers/news/model.js",
+      "src/layers/news/records.js",
+      "src/layers/news/source.js",
+      "src/layers/news/sprites.js",
+      "src/layers/news/cards.js",
       "src/layers/cctv/sourcePolicy.js",
       "src/search/nominatim.js",
       "src/nominatimGeocode.js",
diff --git a/server/providers/local.js b/server/providers/local.js
index 7067f3ec5..a7005db23 100644
--- a/server/providers/local.js
+++ b/server/providers/local.js
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import { firePerimetersProxy } from './firePerimeters.js';
 import { gnssIntegrityProxy } from './gnssIntegrity.js';
 import { ghostMapsProxy } from './ghostMaps.js';
 import { droneAirspaceProxy } from './droneAirspace.js';
+import { newsProxy } from './news.js';
 import { cycloneProxy } from './cyclones.js';
 import { windProxy } from './wind.js';
 
@@ -81,6 +82,7 @@ function localProviderPlugins({
     gnssIntegrityProxy(),
     ghostMapsProxy(),
     droneAirspaceProxy(),
+    newsProxy(),
     keySetupEndpoint(),
   ];
 }
diff --git a/server/providers/news.js b/server/providers/news.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d10ab2b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/providers/news.js
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import { newsQueryAllowed } from '../../src/layers/news/source.js';
+import { readResponseTextCapped } from './common/http.js';
+
+// News (/api/news/*): Core serves no news of its own. With GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN
+// set (a news server such as https://news.example), this forwards exactly
+// the GET requests the news layer sends there and relays the JSON; without
+// it, every route answers "not configured" and the layer shows itself
+// unavailable without retrying.
+
+const TIMEOUT_MS = 15_000;
+const MAX_BYTES = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+/**
+ * The configured news server's origin, or null: http(s) only, no
+ * credentials, query or fragment; a path is ignored.
+ * @param {string|undefined} raw
+ */
+export function newsOrigin(raw = process.env.GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN) {
+  const text = String(raw ?? '').trim();
+  if (!text) return null;
+  try {
+    const url = new URL(text);
+    if (
+      !['http:', 'https:'].includes(url.protocol) ||
+      url.username ||
+      url.password ||
+      url.search ||
+      url.hash
+    )
+      return null;
+    return url.origin;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A thin, validated GET proxy for the news layer's three read routes.
+ * @param {{origin?: () => string|null, fetchImpl?: typeof fetch, timeoutMs?: number}} [options]
+ */
+export function newsProxy({
+  origin = () => newsOrigin(),
+  fetchImpl = (...args) => globalThis.fetch(...args),
+  timeoutMs = TIMEOUT_MS,
+} = {}) {
+  const json = (res, status, value) => {
+    if (res.destroyed) return;
+    res.writeHead(status, {
+      'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+      'Cache-Control': 'no-store',
+      ...(status === 405 ? { Allow: 'GET' } : {}),
+    });
+    res.end(typeof value === 'string' ? value : JSON.stringify(value));
+  };
+
+  async function handler(req, res) {
+    if (req.method !== 'GET')
+      return json(res, 405, { error: 'method_not_allowed' });
+    const local = new URL(req.url || '/', 'http://local');
+    const target = new URL(
+      `/api/news${local.pathname}${local.search}`,
+      'http://local',
+    );
+    if (!newsQueryAllowed(target))
+      return json(res, 400, { error: 'invalid_news_request' });
+    const base = origin();
+    if (!base)
+      return json(res, 503, {
+        error: 'news_not_configured',
+        unavailable: true,
+        retryable: false,
+      });
+    try {
+      const upstream = await fetchImpl(
+        new URL(`${target.pathname}${target.search}`, base),
+        {
+          headers: { Accept: 'application/json' },
+          redirect: 'error',
+          signal: AbortSignal.timeout(timeoutMs),
+        },
+      );
+      if (!upstream.ok) {
+        await upstream.body?.cancel().catch(() => {});
+        return json(res, 502, {
+          error: 'news_upstream_error',
+          status: upstream.status,
+        });
+      }
+      const text = await readResponseTextCapped(upstream, MAX_BYTES);
+      // Relayed only as JSON; the browser validates every record.
+      JSON.parse(text);
+      return json(res, 200, text);
+    } catch (error) {
+      return json(res, error?.name === 'TimeoutError' ? 504 : 502, {
+        error: 'news_unavailable',
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    name: 'news',
+    configureServer({ middlewares }) {
+      middlewares.use('/api/news', handler);
+    },
+    configurePreviewServer({ middlewares }) {
+      middlewares.use('/api/news', handler);
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/server/providers/news.test.mjs b/server/providers/news.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31e3ad4bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/providers/news.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { newsOrigin, newsProxy } from './news.js';
+
+/** Mount the proxy on a fake middleware stack and call it like Connect does. */
+function mount(options) {
+  let handler = null;
+  newsProxy(options).configureServer({
+    middlewares: {
+      use(prefix, fn) {
+        assert.equal(prefix, '/api/news');
+        handler = fn;
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  return async (url, method = 'GET') => {
+    const res = {
+      destroyed: false,
+      status: 0,
+      headers: {},
+      body: '',
+      writeHead(status, headers) {
+        this.status = status;
+        this.headers = headers;
+      },
+      end(body) {
+        this.body = body;
+      },
+    };
+    await handler({ url, method }, res);
+    return { ...res, json: res.body ? JSON.parse(res.body) : null };
+  };
+}
+
+test('the origin must be a plain http(s) origin', () => {
+  assert.equal(newsOrigin('https://news.example'), 'https://news.example');
+  assert.equal(
+    newsOrigin('https://news.example/base/'),
+    'https://news.example',
+  );
+  for (const bad of [
+    undefined,
+    '',
+    '  ',
+    'ftp://x',
+    'http://u:p@x',
+    'http://x/?a=1',
+    'http://x/#f',
+    'not a url',
+  ])
+    assert.equal(newsOrigin(bad), null, String(bad));
+});
+
+test('without GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN every route answers not configured and nothing is fetched', async () => {
+  let fetches = 0;
+  const call = mount({
+    origin: () => null,
+    fetchImpl: async () => {
+      fetches++;
+      throw new Error('unexpected');
+    },
+  });
+  const response = await call('/hotspots');
+  assert.equal(response.status, 503);
+  assert.deepEqual(response.json, {
+    error: 'news_not_configured',
+    unavailable: true,
+    retryable: false,
+  });
+  assert.equal(fetches, 0);
+});
+
+test('forwards only the client routes, by GET, and relays the JSON', async () => {
+  const calls = [];
+  const call = mount({
+    origin: () => 'https://news.example',
+    fetchImpl: async (url, init) => {
+      calls.push({ url: String(url), init });
+      return new Response('{"reports":[],"nextBefore":null}', { status: 200 });
+    },
+  });
+  const ok = await call('/feed?hotspot=all&limit=60&today=1&events=1');
+  assert.equal(ok.status, 200);
+  assert.deepEqual(ok.json, { reports: [], nextBefore: null });
+  assert.equal(ok.headers['Cache-Control'], 'no-store');
+  assert.equal(
+    calls[0].url,
+    'https://news.example/api/news/feed?hotspot=all&limit=60&today=1&events=1',
+  );
+  assert.equal(calls[0].init.redirect, 'error');
+  assert.ok(calls[0].init.signal instanceof AbortSignal);
+
+  for (const url of [
+    '/air-alerts',
+    '/feed?side=UA',
+    '/feed?limit=9999',
+    '/../admin',
+    '/hotspots?x=1',
+  ]) {
+    const refused = await call(url);
+    assert.equal(refused.status, 400, url);
+  }
+  const post = await call('/hotspots', 'POST');
+  assert.equal(post.status, 405);
+  assert.equal(post.headers.Allow, 'GET');
+  assert.equal(calls.length, 1);
+});
+
+test('upstream failures, bad JSON and timeouts become bounded errors', async () => {
+  const failing = mount({
+    origin: () => 'https://news.example',
+    fetchImpl: async () => new Response('down', { status: 500 }),
+  });
+  const down = await failing('/hotspots');
+  assert.equal(down.status, 502);
+  assert.deepEqual(down.json, { error: 'news_upstream_error', status: 500 });
+
+  const garbled = mount({
+    origin: () => 'https://news.example',
+    fetchImpl: async () => new Response('<html>', { status: 200 }),
+  });
+  assert.equal((await garbled('/hotspots')).status, 502);
+
+  const slow = mount({
+    origin: () => 'https://news.example',
+    timeoutMs: 10,
+    fetchImpl: (_url, { signal }) =>
+      new Promise((_, reject) =>
+        signal.addEventListener('abort', () => reject(signal.reason)),
+      ),
+  });
+  const timedOut = await slow('/hotspots');
+  assert.equal(timedOut.status, 504);
+  assert.deepEqual(timedOut.json, { error: 'news_unavailable' });
+});
diff --git a/src/app/constructCatalog.js b/src/app/constructCatalog.js
index 488a5e9ab..2b1313ba9 100644
--- a/src/app/constructCatalog.js
+++ b/src/app/constructCatalog.js
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import { createApplicationFirePerimeters } from './layers/perimeters.js';
 import { createApplicationGnssIntegrity } from './layers/gnss.js';
 import { createApplicationGhostMaps } from './layers/ghostMaps.js';
 import { createApplicationDroneAirspace } from './layers/droneAirspace.js';
+import { createApplicationNews } from './layers/news.js';
 import { createApplicationCables } from './layers/submarineCables.js';
 import { createOsmOverlayLayers } from '../data/osmOverlays.js';
 import { createApplicationStreetLevel } from './layers/streetLevel.js';
@@ -137,6 +138,7 @@ export function createApplicationCatalog({
         createApplicationDroneAirspace({
           source: sources['drone-airspace'],
         }),
+        createApplicationNews({ source: sources.news }),
         createApplicationAlpr({ surface, source: sources.alpr }),
         createApplicationStreetLevel({
           surface,
diff --git a/src/app/constructCatalog.test.mjs b/src/app/constructCatalog.test.mjs
index 82a1dbcf0..1600f5499 100644
--- a/src/app/constructCatalog.test.mjs
+++ b/src/app/constructCatalog.test.mjs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ test('catalogs construct distinct layers and classification from their supplied
     signal: b.signal,
     surface: fixtureSurface(b.signal),
   });
-  assert.equal(first.layers.length, 37);
+  assert.equal(first.layers.length, 38);
   assert.ok(first.get('local-adsb'), 'Local ADS-B is registered');
   assert.deepEqual(
     first.metadata.find(({ id }) => id === 'osm-places'),
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ test('catalogs construct distinct layers and classification from their supplied
   assert.ok(first.get('gnss-integrity'));
   assert.ok(first.get('s2-ghostmaps'));
   assert.ok(first.get('drone-airspace'));
+  assert.ok(first.get('news'));
   assert.ok(first.get('transit'));
   const order = first.layers.map(({ id }) => id);
   assert.deepEqual(
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ test('Mapillary can be omitted or replaced without changing catalog membership',
     surface: fixtureSurface(lifetime.signal),
   };
   const catalog = createApplicationCatalog(options);
-  assert.equal(catalog.layers.length, 37);
+  assert.equal(catalog.layers.length, 38);
   assert.deepEqual(catalog.get('street-level').providerIds, []);
   assert.equal(
     catalogControlServices(catalog).streetLevelLayer,
diff --git a/src/app/layers/news.js b/src/app/layers/news.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..552ad20db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/layers/news.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import { createNewsLayer } from '../../layers/news/index.js';
+import { overlayHost } from './overlayHost.js';
+/** Wire the news layer to the application overlay host. */
+export function createApplicationNews(options) {
+  return createNewsLayer({ overlayHost, ...options });
+}
diff --git a/src/app/sourceComposition.js b/src/app/sourceComposition.js
index a12378260..9cf47b3a9 100644
--- a/src/app/sourceComposition.js
+++ b/src/app/sourceComposition.js
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ export const CATALOG_SOURCE_CONTRACTS = Object.freeze({
   'gnss-integrity': contract(['gnss-integrity'], ['getSnapshot']),
   's2-ghostmaps': contract(['s2-ghostmaps'], ['getCatalog', 'getFile']),
   'drone-airspace': contract(['drone-airspace'], ['getSnapshot']),
+  news: contract(['news'], ['getHotspots', 'getFeed', 'getOutline']),
   cables: contract(['telegeography-submarine-cables'], ['fetch']),
   transit: contract(['transit'], ['requestSnapshot', 'getHistory']),
 });
diff --git a/src/app/sourceComposition.test.mjs b/src/app/sourceComposition.test.mjs
index cee9c1246..28f2d3984 100644
--- a/src/app/sourceComposition.test.mjs
+++ b/src/app/sourceComposition.test.mjs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ test('every acquisition source can be omitted without losing catalog membership'
 
 test('all acquisition sources may be absent, and enable fails before initializing or fetching', async (t) => {
   const actual = catalog({}, t);
-  assert.equal(actual.layers.length, 37);
+  assert.equal(actual.layers.length, 38);
   const manager = new LayerLifecycle(
     {},
     { getSourceAvailability: actual.getSourceAvailability },
@@ -150,6 +150,35 @@ test('GhostMaps obeys source omission, replacement and explicit removal', async
   assert.equal(fetches, 0);
 });
 
+test('News is unavailable without a source and the standalone default reads only same-origin /api/news', async (t) => {
+  const missing = catalog({}, t);
+  assert.equal(missing.getSourceAvailability('news')?.available, false);
+  const manager = new LayerLifecycle(
+    {},
+    { getSourceAvailability: missing.getSourceAvailability },
+  );
+  manager.register(missing.get('news'));
+  assert.equal(await manager.setEnabled('news', true), false);
+  assert.equal(manager.layers.get('news').initialized, false);
+  assert.equal(createStandaloneLayerSources({ news: null }).news, null);
+
+  const urls = [];
+  t.mock.method(globalThis, 'fetch', async (url) => {
+    urls.push(url);
+    return new Response(
+      JSON.stringify({
+        error: 'news_not_configured',
+        unavailable: true,
+        retryable: false,
+      }),
+      { status: 503 },
+    );
+  });
+  const standalone = createStandaloneLayerSources().news;
+  await assert.rejects(standalone.getHotspots(), { unavailable: true });
+  assert.deepEqual(urls, ['/api/news/hotspots']);
+});
+
 test('empty Street Level uses the shared unavailable lifecycle without initialization', async (t) => {
   const actual = catalog({}, t);
   const manager = new LayerLifecycle(
diff --git a/src/data/dataCredits.js b/src/data/dataCredits.js
index 29075550c..ede5dc669 100644
--- a/src/data/dataCredits.js
+++ b/src/data/dataCredits.js
@@ -492,6 +492,14 @@ export const DATA_CREDITS = [
       'licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a>. ' +
       'Shown as published; reports are S2 assessments, not verified fact.',
   },
+  {
+    key: 'news',
+    html:
+      'News: every report is credited to its own publisher and links to the original article; ' +
+      'pictures are the publishers’ own, shown from their sites with the publisher named. ' +
+      'No single provider stands behind the feed. Places, categories, severity and English ' +
+      'headlines are derived automatically by the news server and can be wrong.',
+  },
   {
     key: 'drivebc-cctv',
     html:
diff --git a/src/data/layerState.js b/src/data/layerState.js
index 46dadf9a0..2c149a192 100644
--- a/src/data/layerState.js
+++ b/src/data/layerState.js
@@ -662,6 +662,7 @@ export const LAYER_STATE_REGISTRY = Object.freeze([
     token: 'i',
     disposition: 'enabled-only',
   }),
+  Object.freeze({ id: 'news', token: '9', disposition: 'enabled-only' }),
   Object.freeze({
     id: 'radio',
     token: 'r',
diff --git a/src/data/layerState.test.mjs b/src/data/layerState.test.mjs
index 9d30e8973..9a8f824d8 100644
--- a/src/data/layerState.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/layerState.test.mjs
@@ -203,8 +203,8 @@ function encode(state) {
 
 test('production registry is exact, canonical, and rejects incomplete contracts', async () => {
   assert.equal(validateLayerStateRegistry(), true);
-  assert.equal(REGISTERED_LAYER_IDS.length, 35);
-  assert.equal(new Set(REGISTERED_LAYER_IDS).size, 35);
+  assert.equal(REGISTERED_LAYER_IDS.length, 36);
+  assert.equal(new Set(REGISTERED_LAYER_IDS).size, 36);
   assert.ok(REGISTERED_LAYER_IDS.includes('transit'));
   assert.deepEqual(REGISTERED_LAYER_IDS, [...REGISTERED_LAYER_IDS].sort());
   assert.deepEqual(LEGACY_LAYER_STATE_TOKENS, {
@@ -243,19 +243,17 @@ test('production registry is exact, canonical, and rejects incomplete contracts'
   for (const [id, token] of Object.entries(LEGACY_LAYER_STATE_TOKENS)) {
     assert.equal(LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS[id], token);
   }
-  assert.equal(nextLayerStateToken(), '9');
+  // News took the last single digit: the next tokens are pairs.
+  assert.equal(nextLayerStateToken(), '00');
   assert.equal(
     nextLayerStateToken({
       ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS,
-      alpha: '9',
-      bravo: '00',
+      alpha: '00',
+      bravo: '01',
     }),
-    '01',
+    '02',
   );
-  const digitsExhausted = {
-    ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS,
-    ...Object.fromEntries([...'9'].map((digit) => [`prior-${digit}`, digit])),
-  };
+  const digitsExhausted = { ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS };
   assert.equal(nextLayerStateToken(digitsExhausted), '00');
   assert.equal(
     nextLayerStateToken({ ...digitsExhausted, retired: '00', used: '01' }),
@@ -306,8 +304,8 @@ test('production registry is exact, canonical, and rejects incomplete contracts'
   assert.equal(
     validateLayerStateAllocations(LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS, {
       ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS,
-      future: '9',
-      next: '00',
+      future: '00',
+      next: '01',
     }),
     true,
   );
@@ -315,12 +313,12 @@ test('production registry is exact, canonical, and rejects incomplete contracts'
     () =>
       validateLayerStateAllocations(LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS, {
         ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS,
-        future: '00',
+        future: '01',
       }),
-    /next free token 9/,
+    /next free token 00/,
   );
   const beforeLastDigit = { ...digitsExhausted };
-  delete beforeLastDigit['prior-9'];
+  delete beforeLastDigit.news;
   assert.equal(
     validateLayerStateAllocations(beforeLastDigit, {
       ...beforeLastDigit,
@@ -340,10 +338,10 @@ test('production registry is exact, canonical, and rejects incomplete contracts'
   assert.throws(
     () =>
       validateLayerStateAllocations(
-        { ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS, merged: '9' },
-        { ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS, merged: '9', competing: '9' },
+        { ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS, merged: '00' },
+        { ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS, merged: '00', competing: '00' },
       ),
-    /next free token 00/,
+    /next free token 01/,
   );
   assert.throws(
     () => validateLayerStateAllocations({ future: '00' }, { future: '01' }),
diff --git a/src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs b/src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs
index d46782378..04d25dce6 100644
--- a/src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ test('reservation ledger is complete, pinned, and rejects duplicate or malformed
     { ...parseLayerStateTokenReservations(reservationRows) },
     { ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS },
   );
-  assert.equal(Object.keys(LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS).length, 35);
+  assert.equal(Object.keys(LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS).length, 36);
   assert.deepEqual(
     { ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS },
     {
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test('reservation ledger is complete, pinned, and rejects duplicate or malformed
       'sea-marks': '6',
       'ski-pistes': '7',
       'drone-airspace': '8',
+      news: '9',
     },
   );
   assert.throws(
@@ -165,9 +166,9 @@ test('reservation ledger is complete, pinned, and rejects duplicate or malformed
     /Duplicate layer-state token reservation/,
   );
   assert.equal(
-    parseLayerStateTokenReservations([...reservationRows, ['future', '9']])
+    parseLayerStateTokenReservations([...reservationRows, ['future', '00']])
       .future,
-    '9',
+    '00',
   );
   assert.throws(
     () =>
@@ -185,14 +186,14 @@ test('reservation ledger is complete, pinned, and rejects duplicate or malformed
 
 test('published retired digits and competing PRs advance the merge-time allocation', () => {
   withPublishedBase(
-    { rows: [...reservationRows, ['retired-layer', '9']] },
+    { rows: [...reservationRows, ['retired-layer', '00']] },
     (cwd) => {
       const published = readPublishedLayerStateReservations('HEAD', cwd);
-      assert.equal(nextLayerStateToken(published), '00');
+      assert.equal(nextLayerStateToken(published), '01');
       assert.equal(
         validateLayerStateAllocations(published, {
           ...published,
-          newcomer: '00',
+          newcomer: '01',
         }),
         true,
       );
@@ -200,15 +201,15 @@ test('published retired digits and competing PRs advance the merge-time allocati
         () =>
           validateLayerStateAllocations(published, {
             ...published,
-            competing: '9',
+            competing: '00',
           }),
-        /next free token 00/,
+        /next free token 01/,
       );
       assert.throws(
         () =>
           validateLayerStateAllocations(published, {
             ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS,
-            newcomer: '9',
+            newcomer: '00',
           }),
         /changed or removed: retired-layer/,
       );
@@ -216,8 +217,8 @@ test('published retired digits and competing PRs advance the merge-time allocati
   );
 });
 
-test('PR B manually replaces provisional 9 with 00 after PR A publishes 9', () => {
-  withPublishedBase({ rows: [...reservationRows, ['pr-a', '9']] }, (cwd) => {
+test('PR B manually replaces provisional 00 with 01 after PR A publishes 00', () => {
+  withPublishedBase({ rows: [...reservationRows, ['pr-a', '00']] }, (cwd) => {
     mkdirSync(path.join(cwd, 'scripts'));
     const fixtureChecker = path.join(
       cwd,
@@ -238,8 +239,8 @@ test('PR B manually replaces provisional 9 with 00 after PR A publishes 9', () =
 
     writeCodecFixture(
       cwd,
-      [...reservationRows, ['pr-b', '9']],
-      [{ id: 'pr-b', token: '9' }],
+      [...reservationRows, ['pr-b', '00']],
+      [{ id: 'pr-b', token: '00' }],
     );
     const beforeRebase = runCheck();
     assert.equal(beforeRebase.status, 1);
@@ -247,10 +248,10 @@ test('PR B manually replaces provisional 9 with 00 after PR A publishes 9', () =
 
     writeCodecFixture(
       cwd,
-      [...reservationRows, ['pr-a', '9'], ['pr-b', '9']],
+      [...reservationRows, ['pr-a', '00'], ['pr-b', '00']],
       [
-        { id: 'pr-a', token: '9' },
-        { id: 'pr-b', token: '9' },
+        { id: 'pr-a', token: '00' },
+        { id: 'pr-b', token: '00' },
       ],
     );
     const staleRebase = runCheck();
@@ -258,16 +259,16 @@ test('PR B manually replaces provisional 9 with 00 after PR A publishes 9', () =
     assert.match(staleRebase.stderr, /Duplicate layer-state token reservation/);
 
     const published = readPublishedLayerStateReservations('HEAD', cwd);
-    assert.equal(nextLayerStateToken(published), '00');
-    const validBaselineRows = [...reservationRows, ['pr-a', '9']];
-    writeCodecFixture(cwd, validBaselineRows, [{ id: 'pr-a', token: '9' }]);
+    assert.equal(nextLayerStateToken(published), '01');
+    const validBaselineRows = [...reservationRows, ['pr-a', '00']];
+    writeCodecFixture(cwd, validBaselineRows, [{ id: 'pr-a', token: '00' }]);
     const helper = spawnSync(
       process.execPath,
       [realpathSync(fixtureNext), 'pr-b'],
       { cwd, encoding: 'utf8' },
     );
     assert.equal(helper.status, 0, helper.stderr);
-    assert.match(helper.stdout, /pr-b: 00/);
+    assert.match(helper.stdout, /pr-b: 01/);
     assert.deepEqual(
       JSON.parse(readFileSync(path.join(cwd, LEDGER_PATH), 'utf8')),
       validBaselineRows,
@@ -275,26 +276,27 @@ test('PR B manually replaces provisional 9 with 00 after PR A publishes 9', () =
     );
     writeCodecFixture(
       cwd,
-      [...reservationRows, ['pr-a', '9'], ['pr-b', '00']],
+      [...reservationRows, ['pr-a', '00'], ['pr-b', '01']],
       [
-        { id: 'pr-a', token: '9' },
-        { id: 'pr-b', token: '00' },
+        { id: 'pr-a', token: '00' },
+        { id: 'pr-b', token: '01' },
       ],
     );
     const corrected = runCheck();
     assert.equal(corrected.status, 0, corrected.stderr);
-    assert.match(corrected.stdout, /36 published, 1 new/);
+    assert.match(corrected.stdout, /37 published, 1 new/);
   });
 });
 
 test('allocation batches cross the last digit and base-36 pair boundaries in order', () => {
-  const digitRows = [...'9'].map((digit) => [`retired-${digit}`, digit]);
+  // News holds the last digit, 9: the ledger has no free digit left.
+  const digitRows = [];
   const allDigits = parseLayerStateTokenReservations([
     ...reservationRows,
     ...digitRows,
   ]);
   const beforeNine = { ...allDigits };
-  delete beforeNine['retired-9'];
+  delete beforeNine.news;
   assert.equal(
     validateLayerStateAllocations(beforeNine, {
       ...beforeNine,
@@ -340,10 +342,8 @@ test('allocation batches cross the last digit and base-36 pair boundaries in ord
 test('an isolated valid two-character fixture round-trips an l field beyond the old 64-character cap', async () => {
   const cwd = mkdtempSync(path.join(tmpdir(), 'gev-layer-token-width-'));
   try {
-    const priorDigits = [...'9'].map((digit) => [
-      `qa-prior-digit-${digit}`,
-      digit,
-    ]);
+    // News holds the last digit: no prior digit to fill.
+    const priorDigits = [];
     const fixtureLayers = ['00', '01', '02', '03'].map((token) => ({
       id: `qa-layer-${token}`,
       token,
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ test('an isolated valid two-character fixture round-trips an l field beyond the
     const params = new URLSearchParams([['v', '2']]);
     codec.encodeLayerStateParams(params, state);
     assert.ok(params.get('l').length > 64, 'fixture must cross the old cap');
-    assert.equal(params.get('l').length, 81);
+    assert.equal(params.get('l').length, 83);
     const restored = codec.decodeLayerStateParams(params);
     assert.deepEqual(restored?.enabledLayerIds, expectedLayerIds);
     assert.deepEqual(restored?.options, state.options);
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ test('checker reads a complete future base ledger and rejects retired-token reus
     },
     (cwd) => {
       const published = readPublishedLayerStateReservations('HEAD', cwd);
-      assert.equal(Object.keys(published).length, 36);
+      assert.equal(Object.keys(published).length, 37);
       assert.equal(published['retired-layer'], '00');
       assert.throws(
         () =>
diff --git a/src/data/layerStateTokenReservations.json b/src/data/layerStateTokenReservations.json
index 836112713..03c977426 100644
--- a/src/data/layerStateTokenReservations.json
+++ b/src/data/layerStateTokenReservations.json
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
   ["military", "m"],
   ["military-awareness", "g"],
   ["military-installations", "i"],
+  ["news", "9"],
   ["radio", "r"],
   ["recent-imagery", "1"],
   ["rocket-launches", "x"],
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index 59cd4caa6..f779fc9e9 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -1,5 +1,23 @@
 {
   "News feed unavailable": "موجز الأخبار غير متاح",
+  "Developing: {name}": "تطورات: {name}",
+  "{count} events today": {
+    "zero": "{count} حدث اليوم",
+    "one": "حدث واحد اليوم ({count})",
+    "two": "حدثان اليوم ({count})",
+    "few": "{count} أحداث اليوم",
+    "many": "{count} حدثًا اليوم",
+    "other": "{count} حدث اليوم"
+  },
+  "{count} reports today": {
+    "zero": "{count} تقرير اليوم",
+    "one": "تقرير واحد اليوم ({count})",
+    "two": "تقريران اليوم ({count})",
+    "few": "{count} تقارير اليوم",
+    "many": "{count} تقريرًا اليوم",
+    "other": "{count} تقرير اليوم"
+  },
+  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "آخر 24 ساعة من بؤر مختارة. يرتبط كل تقرير بناشره؛ تُستخرج الأماكن والفئات من النص تلقائيًا وقد تكون خاطئة. تصف تسميات الأطراف المصدر، لا صحة التقرير.",
   "Disputed: {name}": "منطقة متنازع عليها: {name}",
   "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "تديرها {holder} · تطالب بها {claimant}",
   "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "تدير نفسها · تطالب بها {claimant}",
@@ -55,6 +73,34 @@
   "News feed not configured on this server": "موجز الأخبار غير مهيأ على هذا الخادم",
   "Malformed news hotspots response": "استجابة بؤر الأخبار غير صالحة",
   "Malformed news feed response": "استجابة موجز الأخبار غير صالحة",
+  "{place} (placed by model)": "{place} (حدده النموذج)",
+  "English headline by the model": "عنوان إنجليزي من النموذج",
+  "Not placed on the map": "غير موضوع على الخريطة",
+  "Close": "إغلاق",
+  "Any severity": "أي درجة خطورة",
+  "{severity} and above": "{severity} فأعلى",
+  "{severity} only": "{severity} فقط",
+  "All categories": "كل الفئات",
+  "Reading the news…": "جارٍ قراءة الأخبار…",
+  "News, last 24 hours": "الأخبار، آخر 24 ساعة",
+  "Last 24 h": "آخر 24 ساعة",
+  "Hotspots": "بؤر ساخنة",
+  "Severity": "الخطورة",
+  "Category": "الفئة",
+  "Include minor news": "تضمين الأخبار الثانوية",
+  "Show event cards": "إظهار بطاقات الأحداث",
+  "In view": "في مجال الرؤية",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "لم يُبلَّغ عن شيء قريب من هنا في آخر 24 ساعة",
+  "Latest news": "آخر الأخبار",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "لا أخبار تطابق هذه المرشحات في آخر 24 ساعة",
+  "Load older news": "تحميل أخبار أقدم",
+  "How to read the map": "كيف تقرأ الخريطة",
+  "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "اللون: الخطورة · الرمز: نوع الحدث",
+  "Solid rim: reported by both sides or independently. Dashed rim: a claim. Thin rim: one source, or one side’s own press.": "إطار متصل: أورده الطرفان أو مصدر مستقل. إطار متقطع: ادعاء. إطار رفيع: مصدر واحد، أو إعلام أحد الطرفين.",
+  "Larger: more sources · fainter: older. Picture card: a major or fast-growing event with two or more sources.": "أكبر: مصادر أكثر · أبهت: أقدم. بطاقة بصورة: حدث جسيم أو متسارع من مصدرين أو أكثر.",
+  "Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "تصف تسميات الأطراف المصدر، لا صحة التقرير.",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a news report": "اخرج من القمرة للانتقال إلى خبر",
+  "News items in the feed": "عدد الأخبار في الموجز",
   "NO PLACE LEFT BEHIND": "لا مكان يُترك خلفنا",
   "Initializing photorealistic world...": "جارٍ تهيئة العالم الواقعي…",
   "Configuring viewer...": "جارٍ إعداد العارض…",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index 9421361bc..43b913524 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
 {
   "News feed unavailable": "Nachrichtenfeed nicht verfügbar",
+  "Developing: {name}": "In Entwicklung: {name}",
+  "{count} events today": {
+    "one": "{count} Ereignis heute",
+    "other": "{count} Ereignisse heute"
+  },
+  "{count} reports today": {
+    "one": "{count} Meldung heute",
+    "other": "{count} Meldungen heute"
+  },
+  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Letzte 24 h aus ausgewählten Brennpunkten. Jede Meldung verlinkt auf ihren Herausgeber; Orte und Kategorien werden automatisch aus dem Text gelesen und können falsch sein. Seitenangaben beschreiben die Quelle, nicht ob eine Meldung stimmt.",
   "Disputed: {name}": "Umstritten: {name}",
   "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Verwaltet von {holder} · beansprucht von {claimant}",
   "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Selbstverwaltet · beansprucht von {claimant}",
@@ -51,6 +61,34 @@
   "News feed not configured on this server": "Nachrichtenfeed auf diesem Server nicht eingerichtet",
   "Malformed news hotspots response": "Fehlerhafte Antwort zu Nachrichten-Brennpunkten",
   "Malformed news feed response": "Fehlerhafte Antwort des Nachrichtenfeeds",
+  "{place} (placed by model)": "{place} (vom Modell verortet)",
+  "English headline by the model": "Englische Schlagzeile vom Modell",
+  "Not placed on the map": "Nicht auf der Karte verortet",
+  "Close": "Schließen",
+  "Any severity": "Jeder Schweregrad",
+  "{severity} and above": "{severity} und höher",
+  "{severity} only": "Nur {severity}",
+  "All categories": "Alle Kategorien",
+  "Reading the news…": "Nachrichten werden gelesen…",
+  "News, last 24 hours": "Nachrichten der letzten 24 Stunden",
+  "Last 24 h": "Letzte 24 Std.",
+  "Hotspots": "Brennpunkte",
+  "Severity": "Schweregrad",
+  "Category": "Kategorie",
+  "Include minor news": "Nebensächliche Meldungen einbeziehen",
+  "Show event cards": "Ereigniskarten zeigen",
+  "In view": "Im Blick",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "In den letzten 24 h nichts in der Nähe gemeldet",
+  "Latest news": "Neueste Nachrichten",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "Keine Nachrichten der letzten 24 h passen zu diesen Filtern",
+  "Load older news": "Ältere Nachrichten laden",
+  "How to read the map": "So liest man die Karte",
+  "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "Farbe: Schweregrad · Symbol: Art des Ereignisses",
+  "Solid rim: reported by both sides or independently. Dashed rim: a claim. Thin rim: one source, or one side’s own press.": "Durchgehender Rand: von beiden Seiten oder unabhängig gemeldet. Gestrichelter Rand: eine Behauptung. Dünner Rand: eine Quelle oder die eigene Presse einer Seite.",
+  "Larger: more sources · fainter: older. Picture card: a major or fast-growing event with two or more sources.": "Größer: mehr Quellen · blasser: älter. Bildkarte: ein schweres oder schnell wachsendes Ereignis mit zwei oder mehr Quellen.",
+  "Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Seitenangaben beschreiben die Quelle, nicht ob eine Meldung stimmt.",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a news report": "Cockpit verlassen, um zu einer Meldung zu fliegen",
+  "News items in the feed": "Meldungen im Feed",
   "Flying to Austin, TX...": "Flug nach Austin, TX...",
   "Restoring shared view...": "Geteilte Ansicht wird wiederhergestellt...",
   "Configuring viewer...": "Viewer wird konfiguriert...",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index 914a85171..ba4fa99a9 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 {
   "News feed unavailable": "Noticias no disponibles",
+  "Developing: {name}": "En desarrollo: {name}",
+  "{count} events today": {
+    "one": "{count} suceso hoy",
+    "many": "{count} sucesos hoy",
+    "other": "{count} sucesos hoy"
+  },
+  "{count} reports today": {
+    "one": "{count} noticia hoy",
+    "many": "{count} noticias hoy",
+    "other": "{count} noticias hoy"
+  },
+  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Últimas 24 h de focos seleccionados. Cada noticia enlaza a su medio; los lugares y categorías se leen del texto automáticamente y pueden ser erróneos. Las etiquetas de bando describen la fuente, no si la noticia es cierta.",
   "Disputed: {name}": "En disputa: {name}",
   "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Administrado por {holder} · reclamado por {claimant}",
   "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Autogobernado · reclamado por {claimant}",
@@ -52,6 +64,34 @@
   "News feed not configured on this server": "Noticias no configuradas en este servidor",
   "Malformed news hotspots response": "Respuesta de focos de noticias mal formada",
   "Malformed news feed response": "Respuesta de noticias mal formada",
+  "{place} (placed by model)": "{place} (ubicado por el modelo)",
+  "English headline by the model": "Titular en inglés del modelo",
+  "Not placed on the map": "Sin ubicar en el mapa",
+  "Close": "Cerrar",
+  "Any severity": "Cualquier gravedad",
+  "{severity} and above": "{severity} o más",
+  "{severity} only": "Solo {severity}",
+  "All categories": "Todas las categorías",
+  "Reading the news…": "Leyendo las noticias…",
+  "News, last 24 hours": "Noticias de las últimas 24 horas",
+  "Last 24 h": "Últimas 24 h",
+  "Hotspots": "Focos",
+  "Severity": "Gravedad",
+  "Category": "Categoría",
+  "Include minor news": "Incluir noticias menores",
+  "Show event cards": "Mostrar tarjetas de sucesos",
+  "In view": "A la vista",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "Nada informado cerca de aquí en las últimas 24 h",
+  "Latest news": "Últimas noticias",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "Ninguna noticia de las últimas 24 h coincide con estos filtros",
+  "Load older news": "Cargar noticias anteriores",
+  "How to read the map": "Cómo leer el mapa",
+  "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "Color: gravedad · icono: tipo de suceso",
+  "Solid rim: reported by both sides or independently. Dashed rim: a claim. Thin rim: one source, or one side’s own press.": "Borde continuo: informado por ambos bandos o de forma independiente. Borde discontinuo: una afirmación. Borde fino: una fuente, o la prensa de un bando.",
+  "Larger: more sources · fainter: older. Picture card: a major or fast-growing event with two or more sources.": "Más grande: más fuentes · más tenue: más antiguo. Tarjeta con imagen: un suceso grave o en rápido crecimiento con dos o más fuentes.",
+  "Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Las etiquetas de bando describen la fuente, no si la noticia es cierta.",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a news report": "Sal de la cabina para volar a una noticia",
+  "News items in the feed": "Noticias en la lista",
   "NO PLACE LEFT BEHIND": "NINGÚN RINCÓN SIN VIGILAR",
   "Initializing photorealistic world...": "Inicializando el mundo fotorrealista...",
   "Configuring viewer...": "Configurando el visor...",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index f01ca2956..aae0bbb7d 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 {
   "News feed unavailable": "Fil d’actualités indisponible",
+  "Developing: {name}": "En cours : {name}",
+  "{count} events today": {
+    "one": "{count} événement aujourd’hui",
+    "many": "{count} événements aujourd’hui",
+    "other": "{count} événements aujourd’hui"
+  },
+  "{count} reports today": {
+    "one": "{count} article aujourd’hui",
+    "many": "{count} articles aujourd’hui",
+    "other": "{count} articles aujourd’hui"
+  },
+  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Dernières 24 h des foyers retenus. Chaque article renvoie à son éditeur ; lieux et catégories sont lus automatiquement dans le texte et peuvent être faux. Les étiquettes de camp décrivent la source, pas la véracité de l’article.",
   "Disputed: {name}": "Contesté : {name}",
   "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Administré par {holder} · revendiqué par {claimant}",
   "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Autoadministré · revendiqué par {claimant}",
@@ -52,6 +64,34 @@
   "News feed not configured on this server": "Fil d’actualités non configuré sur ce serveur",
   "Malformed news hotspots response": "Réponse des foyers d’actualité mal formée",
   "Malformed news feed response": "Réponse du fil d’actualités mal formée",
+  "{place} (placed by model)": "{place} (placé par le modèle)",
+  "English headline by the model": "Titre anglais du modèle",
+  "Not placed on the map": "Non placé sur la carte",
+  "Close": "Fermer",
+  "Any severity": "Toute gravité",
+  "{severity} and above": "{severity} et plus",
+  "{severity} only": "{severity} uniquement",
+  "All categories": "Toutes les catégories",
+  "Reading the news…": "Lecture des actualités…",
+  "News, last 24 hours": "Actualités des dernières 24 heures",
+  "Last 24 h": "Dernières 24 h",
+  "Hotspots": "Foyers",
+  "Severity": "Gravité",
+  "Category": "Catégorie",
+  "Include minor news": "Inclure les actualités secondaires",
+  "Show event cards": "Afficher les cartes d’événement",
+  "In view": "Dans la vue",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "Rien de signalé près d’ici ces dernières 24 h",
+  "Latest news": "Dernières actualités",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "Aucune actualité des dernières 24 h ne correspond à ces filtres",
+  "Load older news": "Charger des actualités plus anciennes",
+  "How to read the map": "Comment lire la carte",
+  "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "Couleur : gravité · icône : type d’événement",
+  "Solid rim: reported by both sides or independently. Dashed rim: a claim. Thin rim: one source, or one side’s own press.": "Bord plein : rapporté par les deux camps ou de façon indépendante. Bord en tirets : une affirmation. Bord fin : une source, ou la presse d’un camp.",
+  "Larger: more sources · fainter: older. Picture card: a major or fast-growing event with two or more sources.": "Plus grand : plus de sources · plus pâle : plus ancien. Carte illustrée : un événement majeur ou en forte croissance, avec au moins deux sources.",
+  "Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Les étiquettes de camp décrivent la source, pas la véracité de l’article.",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a news report": "Quittez le cockpit pour aller à un article",
+  "News items in the feed": "Articles dans le fil",
   "Pick a shape, then click the map.": "Choisissez une forme, puis cliquez sur la carte.",
   "Enter to place the pin, Esc to cancel.": "Enter pour poser l'épingle, Esc pour annuler.",
   "Click where the pin goes.": "Cliquez à l'endroit où poser l'épingle.",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index dcaf4855c..cb9c27098 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 {
   "News feed unavailable": "Feed delle notizie non disponibile",
+  "Developing: {name}": "In sviluppo: {name}",
+  "{count} events today": {
+    "one": "{count} evento oggi",
+    "many": "{count} eventi oggi",
+    "other": "{count} eventi oggi"
+  },
+  "{count} reports today": {
+    "one": "{count} notizia oggi",
+    "many": "{count} notizie oggi",
+    "other": "{count} notizie oggi"
+  },
+  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Ultime 24 h dai focolai selezionati. Ogni notizia rimanda al suo editore; luoghi e categorie sono letti automaticamente dal testo e possono essere errati. Le etichette di parte descrivono la fonte, non se la notizia è vera.",
   "Disputed: {name}": "Conteso: {name}",
   "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Amministrato da {holder} · rivendicato da {claimant}",
   "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Autogovernato · rivendicato da {claimant}",
@@ -52,6 +64,34 @@
   "News feed not configured on this server": "Feed delle notizie non configurato su questo server",
   "Malformed news hotspots response": "Risposta dei focolai di notizie non valida",
   "Malformed news feed response": "Risposta del feed delle notizie non valida",
+  "{place} (placed by model)": "{place} (collocato dal modello)",
+  "English headline by the model": "Titolo inglese del modello",
+  "Not placed on the map": "Non collocato sulla mappa",
+  "Close": "Chiudi",
+  "Any severity": "Qualsiasi gravità",
+  "{severity} and above": "{severity} e oltre",
+  "{severity} only": "Solo {severity}",
+  "All categories": "Tutte le categorie",
+  "Reading the news…": "Lettura delle notizie…",
+  "News, last 24 hours": "Notizie delle ultime 24 ore",
+  "Last 24 h": "Ultime 24 h",
+  "Hotspots": "Focolai",
+  "Severity": "Gravità",
+  "Category": "Categoria",
+  "Include minor news": "Includi notizie minori",
+  "Show event cards": "Mostra le schede degli eventi",
+  "In view": "In vista",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "Nulla segnalato qui vicino nelle ultime 24 h",
+  "Latest news": "Ultime notizie",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "Nessuna notizia delle ultime 24 h corrisponde a questi filtri",
+  "Load older news": "Carica notizie precedenti",
+  "How to read the map": "Come leggere la mappa",
+  "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "Colore: gravità · icona: tipo di evento",
+  "Solid rim: reported by both sides or independently. Dashed rim: a claim. Thin rim: one source, or one side’s own press.": "Bordo pieno: riportato da entrambe le parti o in modo indipendente. Bordo tratteggiato: un’affermazione. Bordo sottile: una fonte, o la stampa di una parte.",
+  "Larger: more sources · fainter: older. Picture card: a major or fast-growing event with two or more sources.": "Più grande: più fonti · più tenue: più vecchio. Scheda con immagine: un evento grave o in rapida crescita con due o più fonti.",
+  "Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Le etichette di parte descrivono la fonte, non se la notizia è vera.",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a news report": "Esci dalla cabina per volare a una notizia",
+  "News items in the feed": "Notizie nel feed",
   "Pick a shape, then click the map.": "Scegli una forma, poi fai clic sulla mappa.",
   "Enter to place the pin, Esc to cancel.": "Premi Enter per posizionare il segnaposto, Esc per annullare.",
   "Click where the pin goes.": "Fai clic dove va il segnaposto.",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index 743fcb71c..fc62c1703 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 {
   "News feed unavailable": "ニュースフィードを利用できません",
+  "Developing: {name}": "進行中: {name}",
+  "{count} events today": {
+    "other": "本日の出来事 {count}件"
+  },
+  "{count} reports today": {
+    "other": "本日の報道 {count}件"
+  },
+  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "厳選したホットスポットの直近24時間。各報道は発信元にリンクします。場所とカテゴリは本文から自動で読み取るため誤りがあり得ます。陣営ラベルは情報源を示すもので、報道の真偽ではありません。",
   "Disputed: {name}": "係争地: {name}",
   "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "{holder}が施政 · {claimant}が領有を主張",
   "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "自治 · {claimant}が領有を主張",
@@ -50,6 +58,34 @@
   "News feed not configured on this server": "このサーバーではニュースフィードが設定されていません",
   "Malformed news hotspots response": "ニュースのホットスポット応答の形式が不正です",
   "Malformed news feed response": "ニュースフィードの応答の形式が不正です",
+  "{place} (placed by model)": "{place}（モデルが推定）",
+  "English headline by the model": "モデルによる英語の見出し",
+  "Not placed on the map": "地図上に配置されていません",
+  "Close": "閉じる",
+  "Any severity": "すべての深刻度",
+  "{severity} and above": "{severity}以上",
+  "{severity} only": "{severity}のみ",
+  "All categories": "すべてのカテゴリ",
+  "Reading the news…": "ニュースを読み込み中…",
+  "News, last 24 hours": "直近24時間のニュース",
+  "Last 24 h": "直近24時間",
+  "Hotspots": "ホットスポット",
+  "Severity": "深刻度",
+  "Category": "カテゴリ",
+  "Include minor news": "軽微なニュースも含める",
+  "Show event cards": "イベントカードを表示",
+  "In view": "表示範囲内",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "直近24時間、この付近の報道はありません",
+  "Latest news": "最新ニュース",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "直近24時間で条件に合うニュースはありません",
+  "Load older news": "以前のニュースを読み込む",
+  "How to read the map": "地図の見方",
+  "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "色: 深刻度 · アイコン: 出来事の種類",
+  "Solid rim: reported by both sides or independently. Dashed rim: a claim. Thin rim: one source, or one side’s own press.": "実線の縁: 双方または独立した情報源が報道。破線の縁: 主張。細い縁: 単一の情報源、または一方の陣営のメディア。",
+  "Larger: more sources · fainter: older. Picture card: a major or fast-growing event with two or more sources.": "大きい: 情報源が多い · 薄い: 古い。画像カード: 情報源が2件以上ある深刻な、または急拡大中の出来事。",
+  "Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "陣営ラベルは情報源を示すもので、報道の真偽ではありません。",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a news report": "ニュースへ移動するにはコックピットを終了してください",
+  "News items in the feed": "フィード内のニュース数",
   "Pick a shape, then click the map.": "図形を選んでから、地図をクリックしてください。",
   "Enter to place the pin, Esc to cancel.": "Enterでピンを配置、Escでキャンセル。",
   "Click where the pin goes.": "ピンを置く場所をクリックしてください。",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index 2068c08b6..a5da05da8 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 {
   "News feed unavailable": "Feed de notícias indisponível",
+  "Developing: {name}": "Em desenvolvimento: {name}",
+  "{count} events today": {
+    "one": "{count} evento hoje",
+    "many": "{count} eventos hoje",
+    "other": "{count} eventos hoje"
+  },
+  "{count} reports today": {
+    "one": "{count} notícia hoje",
+    "many": "{count} notícias hoje",
+    "other": "{count} notícias hoje"
+  },
+  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Últimas 24 h dos focos selecionados. Cada notícia leva ao seu editor; locais e categorias são lidos do texto automaticamente e podem estar errados. Os rótulos de lado descrevem a fonte, não se a notícia é verdadeira.",
   "Disputed: {name}": "Em disputa: {name}",
   "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Administrado por {holder} · reivindicado por {claimant}",
   "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Autogovernado · reivindicado por {claimant}",
@@ -52,6 +64,34 @@
   "News feed not configured on this server": "Feed de notícias não configurado neste servidor",
   "Malformed news hotspots response": "Resposta de focos de notícias malformada",
   "Malformed news feed response": "Resposta do feed de notícias malformada",
+  "{place} (placed by model)": "{place} (localizado pelo modelo)",
+  "English headline by the model": "Manchete em inglês do modelo",
+  "Not placed on the map": "Não localizado no mapa",
+  "Close": "Fechar",
+  "Any severity": "Qualquer gravidade",
+  "{severity} and above": "{severity} ou mais",
+  "{severity} only": "Apenas {severity}",
+  "All categories": "Todas as categorias",
+  "Reading the news…": "Lendo as notícias…",
+  "News, last 24 hours": "Notícias das últimas 24 horas",
+  "Last 24 h": "Últimas 24 h",
+  "Hotspots": "Focos",
+  "Severity": "Gravidade",
+  "Category": "Categoria",
+  "Include minor news": "Incluir notícias menores",
+  "Show event cards": "Mostrar cartões de eventos",
+  "In view": "Na vista",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "Nada noticiado aqui perto nas últimas 24 h",
+  "Latest news": "Últimas notícias",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "Nenhuma notícia das últimas 24 h corresponde a estes filtros",
+  "Load older news": "Carregar notícias anteriores",
+  "How to read the map": "Como ler o mapa",
+  "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "Cor: gravidade · ícone: tipo de evento",
+  "Solid rim: reported by both sides or independently. Dashed rim: a claim. Thin rim: one source, or one side’s own press.": "Borda contínua: noticiado por ambos os lados ou de forma independente. Borda tracejada: uma alegação. Borda fina: uma fonte, ou a imprensa de um lado.",
+  "Larger: more sources · fainter: older. Picture card: a major or fast-growing event with two or more sources.": "Maior: mais fontes · mais tênue: mais antigo. Cartão com imagem: um evento grave ou em rápido crescimento com duas ou mais fontes.",
+  "Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Os rótulos de lado descrevem a fonte, não se a notícia é verdadeira.",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a news report": "Saia da cabine para voar até uma notícia",
+  "News items in the feed": "Notícias no feed",
   "Pick a shape, then click the map.": "Escolha uma forma e clique no mapa.",
   "Enter to place the pin, Esc to cancel.": "Enter para colocar o marcador, Esc para cancelar.",
   "Click where the pin goes.": "Clique onde o marcador deve ficar.",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index e6df84b68..2725ef272 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -1,5 +1,19 @@
 {
   "News feed unavailable": "Лента новостей недоступна",
+  "Developing: {name}": "Развивается: {name}",
+  "{count} events today": {
+    "one": "{count} событие сегодня",
+    "few": "{count} события сегодня",
+    "many": "{count} событий сегодня",
+    "other": "{count} события сегодня"
+  },
+  "{count} reports today": {
+    "one": "{count} сообщение сегодня",
+    "few": "{count} сообщения сегодня",
+    "many": "{count} сообщений сегодня",
+    "other": "{count} сообщения сегодня"
+  },
+  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Последние 24 ч по выбранным горячим точкам. Каждое сообщение ведёт к своему изданию; места и категории определяются по тексту автоматически и могут быть ошибочны. Метки сторон описывают источник, а не достоверность сообщения.",
   "Disputed: {name}": "Спорная территория: {name}",
   "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Под управлением: {holder} · претендует: {claimant}",
   "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Самоуправляемая · претендует: {claimant}",
@@ -53,6 +67,34 @@
   "News feed not configured on this server": "Лента новостей не настроена на этом сервере",
   "Malformed news hotspots response": "Некорректный ответ горячих точек новостей",
   "Malformed news feed response": "Некорректный ответ ленты новостей",
+  "{place} (placed by model)": "{place} (место определила модель)",
+  "English headline by the model": "Английский заголовок от модели",
+  "Not placed on the map": "Не отмечено на карте",
+  "Close": "Закрыть",
+  "Any severity": "Любая тяжесть",
+  "{severity} and above": "{severity} и выше",
+  "{severity} only": "Только {severity}",
+  "All categories": "Все категории",
+  "Reading the news…": "Читаем новости…",
+  "News, last 24 hours": "Новости за последние 24 часа",
+  "Last 24 h": "За 24 ч",
+  "Hotspots": "Горячие точки",
+  "Severity": "Тяжесть",
+  "Category": "Категория",
+  "Include minor news": "Показывать второстепенные новости",
+  "Show event cards": "Показывать карточки событий",
+  "In view": "В поле зрения",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "За последние 24 ч поблизости ничего не сообщалось",
+  "Latest news": "Последние новости",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "За последние 24 ч нет новостей по этим фильтрам",
+  "Load older news": "Загрузить более ранние новости",
+  "How to read the map": "Как читать карту",
+  "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "Цвет: тяжесть · значок: тип события",
+  "Solid rim: reported by both sides or independently. Dashed rim: a claim. Thin rim: one source, or one side’s own press.": "Сплошной обод: сообщают обе стороны или независимые источники. Пунктирный обод: заявление. Тонкий обод: один источник или пресса одной стороны.",
+  "Larger: more sources · fainter: older. Picture card: a major or fast-growing event with two or more sources.": "Крупнее: больше источников · бледнее: старше. Карточка с фото: крупное или быстро растущее событие от двух и более источников.",
+  "Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Метки сторон описывают источник, а не достоверность сообщения.",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a news report": "Выйдите из кабины, чтобы перелететь к сообщению",
+  "News items in the feed": "Новостей в ленте",
   "Flying to Austin, TX...": "Перелёт в Остин, Техас...",
   "Restoring shared view...": "Восстановление общего вида...",
   "Initializing systems...": "Инициализация систем...",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index 41f6f1207..77aa0f593 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -1,5 +1,19 @@
 {
   "News feed unavailable": "Стрічка новин недоступна",
+  "Developing: {name}": "Розвивається: {name}",
+  "{count} events today": {
+    "one": "{count} подія сьогодні",
+    "few": "{count} події сьогодні",
+    "many": "{count} подій сьогодні",
+    "other": "{count} події сьогодні"
+  },
+  "{count} reports today": {
+    "one": "{count} повідомлення сьогодні",
+    "few": "{count} повідомлення сьогодні",
+    "many": "{count} повідомлень сьогодні",
+    "other": "{count} повідомлення сьогодні"
+  },
+  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Останні 24 год за вибраними гарячими точками. Кожне повідомлення веде до свого видання; місця й категорії визначаються з тексту автоматично і можуть бути хибними. Позначки сторін описують джерело, а не правдивість повідомлення.",
   "Disputed: {name}": "Спірна територія: {name}",
   "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Під управлінням: {holder} · претендує: {claimant}",
   "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Самоврядна · претендує: {claimant}",
@@ -53,6 +67,34 @@
   "News feed not configured on this server": "Стрічку новин не налаштовано на цьому сервері",
   "Malformed news hotspots response": "Некоректна відповідь гарячих точок новин",
   "Malformed news feed response": "Некоректна відповідь стрічки новин",
+  "{place} (placed by model)": "{place} (місце визначила модель)",
+  "English headline by the model": "Англійський заголовок від моделі",
+  "Not placed on the map": "Не позначено на мапі",
+  "Close": "Закрити",
+  "Any severity": "Будь-яка тяжкість",
+  "{severity} and above": "{severity} і вище",
+  "{severity} only": "Лише {severity}",
+  "All categories": "Усі категорії",
+  "Reading the news…": "Читаємо новини…",
+  "News, last 24 hours": "Новини за останні 24 години",
+  "Last 24 h": "За 24 год",
+  "Hotspots": "Гарячі точки",
+  "Severity": "Тяжкість",
+  "Category": "Категорія",
+  "Include minor news": "Показувати другорядні новини",
+  "Show event cards": "Показувати картки подій",
+  "In view": "У полі зору",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "За останні 24 год поблизу нічого не повідомлялося",
+  "Latest news": "Останні новини",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "За останні 24 год немає новин за цими фільтрами",
+  "Load older news": "Завантажити давніші новини",
+  "How to read the map": "Як читати мапу",
+  "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "Колір: тяжкість · значок: тип події",
+  "Solid rim: reported by both sides or independently. Dashed rim: a claim. Thin rim: one source, or one side’s own press.": "Суцільний обідок: повідомляють обидві сторони або незалежні джерела. Пунктирний обідок: заява. Тонкий обідок: одне джерело або преса однієї сторони.",
+  "Larger: more sources · fainter: older. Picture card: a major or fast-growing event with two or more sources.": "Більше: більше джерел · блідіше: давніше. Картка з фото: велика або швидко зростаюча подія з двох і більше джерел.",
+  "Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Позначки сторін описують джерело, а не правдивість повідомлення.",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a news report": "Вийдіть із кабіни, щоб перелетіти до повідомлення",
+  "News items in the feed": "Новин у стрічці",
   "Pick a shape, then click the map.": "Виберіть фігуру й клацніть на карті.",
   "Enter to place the pin, Esc to cancel.": "Enter — поставити мітку, Esc — скасувати.",
   "Click where the pin goes.": "Клацніть там, де має бути мітка.",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index 30a4d8807..0b398051d 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 {
   "News feed unavailable": "新闻源不可用",
+  "Developing: {name}": "事态发展：{name}",
+  "{count} events today": {
+    "other": "今日 {count} 起事件"
+  },
+  "{count} reports today": {
+    "other": "今日 {count} 条报道"
+  },
+  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "精选热点的最近 24 小时。每条报道都链接到其发布者；地点和类别由文本自动读取，可能有误。阵营标签描述的是来源，而非报道是否属实。",
   "Disputed: {name}": "争议地区：{name}",
   "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "由{holder}管辖 · {claimant}主张主权",
   "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "自治 · {claimant}主张主权",
@@ -50,6 +58,34 @@
   "News feed not configured on this server": "此服务器未配置新闻源",
   "Malformed news hotspots response": "新闻热点响应格式错误",
   "Malformed news feed response": "新闻源响应格式错误",
+  "{place} (placed by model)": "{place}（由模型定位）",
+  "English headline by the model": "模型生成的英文标题",
+  "Not placed on the map": "未在地图上标出",
+  "Close": "关闭",
+  "Any severity": "任意严重程度",
+  "{severity} and above": "{severity}及以上",
+  "{severity} only": "仅{severity}",
+  "All categories": "所有类别",
+  "Reading the news…": "正在读取新闻…",
+  "News, last 24 hours": "最近 24 小时的新闻",
+  "Last 24 h": "最近 24 小时",
+  "Hotspots": "热点",
+  "Severity": "严重程度",
+  "Category": "类别",
+  "Include minor news": "包括次要新闻",
+  "Show event cards": "显示事件卡片",
+  "In view": "视野内",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "最近 24 小时附近无报道",
+  "Latest news": "最新新闻",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "最近 24 小时没有符合这些筛选条件的新闻",
+  "Load older news": "加载更早的新闻",
+  "How to read the map": "如何解读地图",
+  "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "颜色：严重程度 · 图标：事件类型",
+  "Solid rim: reported by both sides or independently. Dashed rim: a claim. Thin rim: one source, or one side’s own press.": "实线边框：双方或独立来源均有报道。虚线边框：一方声称。细边框：单一来源，或一方自身的媒体。",
+  "Larger: more sources · fainter: older. Picture card: a major or fast-growing event with two or more sources.": "越大：来源越多 · 越淡：越早。图片卡片：有两个或以上来源的严重或快速发展的事件。",
+  "Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "阵营标签描述的是来源，而非报道是否属实。",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a news report": "退出驾驶舱以飞往新闻报道",
+  "News items in the feed": "列表中的新闻数",
   "Pick a shape, then click the map.": "先选择形状，再在地图上点击。",
   "Enter to place the pin, Esc to cancel.": "按 Enter 放置图钉，按 Esc 取消。",
   "Click where the pin goes.": "点击图钉的放置位置。",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index e29d0fff2..a89b6ba22 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 {
   "News feed unavailable": "新聞來源無法使用",
+  "Developing: {name}": "事態發展：{name}",
+  "{count} events today": {
+    "other": "今日 {count} 起事件"
+  },
+  "{count} reports today": {
+    "other": "今日 {count} 則報導"
+  },
+  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "精選熱點的最近 24 小時。每則報導都連結至其發布者；地點與類別由文字自動判讀，可能有誤。陣營標籤描述的是來源，而非報導是否屬實。",
   "Disputed: {name}": "爭議地區：{name}",
   "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "由{holder}管轄 · {claimant}主張主權",
   "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "自治 · {claimant}主張主權",
@@ -50,6 +58,34 @@
   "News feed not configured on this server": "此伺服器未設定新聞來源",
   "Malformed news hotspots response": "新聞熱點回應格式錯誤",
   "Malformed news feed response": "新聞來源回應格式錯誤",
+  "{place} (placed by model)": "{place}（由模型定位）",
+  "English headline by the model": "模型產生的英文標題",
+  "Not placed on the map": "未在地圖上標出",
+  "Close": "關閉",
+  "Any severity": "任意嚴重程度",
+  "{severity} and above": "{severity}及以上",
+  "{severity} only": "僅{severity}",
+  "All categories": "所有類別",
+  "Reading the news…": "正在讀取新聞…",
+  "News, last 24 hours": "最近 24 小時的新聞",
+  "Last 24 h": "最近 24 小時",
+  "Hotspots": "熱點",
+  "Severity": "嚴重程度",
+  "Category": "類別",
+  "Include minor news": "包括次要新聞",
+  "Show event cards": "顯示事件卡片",
+  "In view": "視野內",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "最近 24 小時附近無報導",
+  "Latest news": "最新新聞",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "最近 24 小時沒有符合這些篩選條件的新聞",
+  "Load older news": "載入更早的新聞",
+  "How to read the map": "如何解讀地圖",
+  "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "顏色：嚴重程度 · 圖示：事件類型",
+  "Solid rim: reported by both sides or independently. Dashed rim: a claim. Thin rim: one source, or one side’s own press.": "實線邊框：雙方或獨立來源均有報導。虛線邊框：一方聲稱。細邊框：單一來源，或一方自身的媒體。",
+  "Larger: more sources · fainter: older. Picture card: a major or fast-growing event with two or more sources.": "越大：來源越多 · 越淡：越早。圖片卡片：有兩個或以上來源的嚴重或快速發展的事件。",
+  "Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "陣營標籤描述的是來源，而非報導是否屬實。",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a news report": "退出駕駛艙以飛往新聞報導",
+  "News items in the feed": "列表中的新聞數",
   "Pick a shape, then click the map.": "先選擇形狀，再在地圖上點擊。",
   "Enter to place the pin, Esc to cancel.": "按 Enter 放置圖釘，按 Esc 取消。",
   "Click where the pin goes.": "點擊圖釘的放置位置。",
diff --git a/src/layers/news/index.js b/src/layers/news/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f8c08f90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/news/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1240 @@
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { isPointerFree } from '../../data/inputOwnership.js';
+import { hitTestWorldOverlay } from '../../overlays/worldOverlay.js';
+import {
+  isOwnedByOtherLayer,
+  registerPickOwner,
+  resolvePickId,
+  unregisterPickOwner,
+} from '../../data/pickRegistry.js';
+import {
+  clearSelectedEntityContextForLayer,
+  registerEntityContext,
+  removeEntityContextsForLayer,
+  selectEntityContext,
+} from '../../data/contextStore.js';
+import { msg, t, tn } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+import { createHorizonCull, viewCentre } from '../streetLevel/view.js';
+import {
+  NEWS_CARD_MIN_SOURCES,
+  NEWS_CATEGORIES,
+  NEWS_DETAIL_MAX_HEIGHT_M,
+  NEWS_FEED_PAGE,
+  NEWS_FOCUS_HEIGHT_M,
+  NEWS_IN_VIEW_MAX_HEIGHT_M,
+  NEWS_LAYER_ID,
+  NEWS_MAP_LIMIT,
+  NEWS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+  NEWS_PICK_PREFIX,
+  NEWS_RELEVANT,
+  NEWS_SETTLE_MS,
+  NEWS_SEVERITY,
+  ageWords,
+  attestation,
+  beaconPixelSize,
+  cardEvents,
+  cardView,
+  categoryLabel,
+  disputedLabel,
+  feedCardView,
+  feedQueryFor,
+  hotspotLabel,
+  hotspotTrend,
+  isPressing,
+  markerStyle,
+  mediaLabels,
+  mergeFeedPage,
+  normalizeFilters,
+  passesFilters,
+  reportMarkerPosition,
+  reportsInView,
+  severityStyle,
+  shortTitle,
+  sideLabel,
+  sidesLine,
+  sourceLinkLabel,
+  viewCell,
+  visibleOnMap,
+  withinNewsWindow,
+} from './model.js';
+import { SPRITE_SCALE, markerSprite } from './sprites.js';
+import { CARD_H, CARD_W, eventCard } from './cards.js';
+export * from './model.js';
+export { createNewsSource } from './source.js';
+
+const FEED_UNAVAILABLE = msg('News feed unavailable');
+const REPORT_PREFIX = `${NEWS_PICK_PREFIX}report:`;
+const HOTSPOT_PREFIX = `${NEWS_PICK_PREFIX}hotspot:`;
+const DEVELOPING_PREFIX = `${NEWS_PICK_PREFIX}developing:`;
+const DEVELOPING_COLOR = '#ffb020';
+// Disputed areas: dotted, in their own colour, apart from ordinary borders.
+const DISPUTED_COLOR = '#f472b6';
+const HOTSPOT_COLOR = '#00d4ff';
+// A filtered feed page that shows almost nothing reads the next page by
+// itself, a few times, so a strict severity floor still fills the list.
+const AUTO_PAGES = 3;
+const PULSE_MS = 1_600;
+const emptyFeed = () => ({
+  items: [],
+  nextBefore: null,
+  loading: false,
+  error: null,
+});
+const emptyInView = () => ({
+  active: false,
+  cell: null,
+  centre: null,
+  reports: [],
+  loading: false,
+  error: null,
+});
+
+/**
+ * News from curated hotspots, real time only (the last 24 hours). Zoomed out:
+ * one beacon per hotspot with its daily count and trend, and a breathing
+ * beacon per developing situation. Close up or with a hotspot chosen:
+ * outlines (disputed areas dotted) and the geocoded reports as markers, the
+ * big events as picture cards. The News panel renders the feed this layer
+ * publishes through getRowControls().feed.
+ */
+export function createNewsLayer({
+  source,
+  overlayHost,
+  cesium = Cesium,
+  matchMedia = globalThis.matchMedia?.bind(globalThis),
+  now = () => Date.now(),
+  hitTestOverlay = hitTestWorldOverlay,
+  openUrl = (url) => globalThis.open?.(url, '_blank', 'noopener,noreferrer'),
+  getViewCentre = viewCentre,
+} = {}) {
+  if (
+    typeof source?.getHotspots !== 'function' ||
+    typeof source?.getFeed !== 'function'
+  )
+    throw new TypeError('News requires a news source');
+  if (!overlayHost) throw new TypeError('News requires an overlay host');
+
+  let viewer = null,
+    dataSource = null,
+    outlineSource = null,
+    clickHandler = null,
+    listener = null,
+    runNavigation = null,
+    request = null,
+    feedRequest = null,
+    inViewRequest = null,
+    settleTimer = null,
+    pulseTimer = null,
+    removeCameraListener = null;
+  let enabled = false,
+    destroyed = false,
+    loading = false,
+    unavailable = false,
+    error = null,
+    lastUpdate = null,
+    lastRunAt = null,
+    autoPages = 0;
+  let hotspots = [];
+  let mapReports = [];
+  let feed = emptyFeed();
+  let inView = emptyInView();
+  let filters = normalizeFilters();
+  let selectedId = null,
+    selectedPin = 0;
+  let shownDetail = null;
+  let cullTargets = [];
+  const contextEntities = new Map();
+  const notify = () => listener?.();
+  const requestRender = () => viewer?.scene?.requestRender?.();
+  const reducedMotion = () =>
+    Boolean(matchMedia?.('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)')?.matches);
+
+  const findReport = (id) =>
+    mapReports.find((r) => r.id === id) ||
+    feed.items.find((r) => r.id === id) ||
+    inView.reports.find((r) => r.id === id) ||
+    null;
+  const selected = () => (selectedId ? findReport(selectedId) : null);
+  const onMap = (report) => visibleOnMap(report, filters, now());
+
+  function markerCartesian(report, pin = 0) {
+    const { lat, lon } = reportMarkerPosition(report, pin);
+    return cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lon, lat);
+  }
+
+  const cameraHeight = () => viewer?.camera?.positionCartographic?.height;
+
+  // Global view: one beacon per hotspot. Close up: outlines and individual
+  // reports. A chosen hotspot keeps the detail out to three times the height
+  // (its whole area fits on screen).
+  function detailMode() {
+    const height = cameraHeight();
+    if (!Number.isFinite(height)) return filters.hotspot !== 'all';
+    const limit =
+      filters.hotspot === 'all'
+        ? NEWS_DETAIL_MAX_HEIGHT_M
+        : NEWS_DETAIL_MAX_HEIGHT_M * 3;
+    return height < limit;
+  }
+
+  // The catch-all ("Elsewhere") has no area to stand for: its reports are
+  // drawn as markers at every zoom instead of a beacon or an outline.
+  const catchAllIds = () =>
+    new Set(hotspots.filter((h) => h.catchAll).map((h) => h.id));
+
+  // Markers draw over terrain (depth test off) so a pin is never swallowed by
+  // the ground it sits on; the shared horizon cull hides the far side.
+  const horizon = createHorizonCull({
+    getViewer: () => viewer,
+    items: () => cullTargets,
+    onChange: () => {
+      requestRender();
+      updatePulse();
+    },
+  });
+
+  // A developing situation's beacon breathes, unless motion is reduced. The
+  // scene renders on demand, so a slow timer asks for frames only while such
+  // a beacon is in view.
+  const pulseSize = (size) =>
+    size *
+    (1 + 0.35 * (0.5 + 0.5 * Math.sin((Date.now() / PULSE_MS) * 2 * Math.PI)));
+  function updatePulse() {
+    const pulsing =
+      enabled &&
+      !reducedMotion() &&
+      cullTargets.some((target) => target.developing && target.show);
+    if (pulsing && !pulseTimer) pulseTimer = setInterval(requestRender, 250);
+    else if (!pulsing && pulseTimer) {
+      clearInterval(pulseTimer);
+      pulseTimer = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const ambientLabel = (extra) => ({
+    variant: 'label',
+    collisionGroup: 'ambient-label',
+    paintLane: 'ambient-label',
+    interactive: false,
+    horizonCull: true,
+    terrainOcclusion: false,
+    placement: 'above',
+    ...extra,
+  });
+
+  // Several separate events in one country outside every hotspot.
+  function renderDeveloping(hotspot, entities, labels) {
+    const still = reducedMotion();
+    for (const item of hotspot.developing || []) {
+      const position = cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+        item.focus.lon,
+        item.focus.lat,
+      );
+      const size = beaconPixelSize(item.reports);
+      entities.add({
+        id: `${DEVELOPING_PREFIX}${hotspot.id}:${item.key}`,
+        position,
+        point: {
+          pixelSize: still
+            ? size
+            : new cesium.CallbackProperty(() => pulseSize(size), false),
+          color:
+            cesium.Color.fromCssColorString(DEVELOPING_COLOR).withAlpha(0.35),
+          outlineColor: cesium.Color.fromCssColorString(DEVELOPING_COLOR),
+          outlineWidth: 2,
+          disableDepthTestDistance: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+        },
+      });
+      labels.push(
+        ambientLabel({
+          id: `developing:${item.key}`,
+          position,
+          title: t('Developing: {name}', { name: item.name }),
+          details: [
+            tn(item.events, '{count} event today', '{count} events today'),
+          ],
+          accent: DEVELOPING_COLOR,
+          priority: 9_000 + item.reports,
+          gapPx: size / 2 + 4,
+        }),
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  function renderBeacons(entities, labels) {
+    for (const hotspot of hotspots) {
+      if (hotspot.catchAll) {
+        renderDeveloping(hotspot, entities, labels);
+        continue;
+      }
+      const { lat, lon } = hotspot.focus;
+      const position = cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lon, lat);
+      entities.add({
+        id: `${HOTSPOT_PREFIX}${hotspot.id}`,
+        position,
+        point: {
+          pixelSize: beaconPixelSize(hotspot.last24h),
+          color: cesium.Color.fromCssColorString(HOTSPOT_COLOR).withAlpha(0.35),
+          outlineColor: cesium.Color.fromCssColorString(HOTSPOT_COLOR),
+          outlineWidth: 2,
+          disableDepthTestDistance: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+        },
+      });
+      const trend = hotspotTrend(hotspot.last24h, hotspot.prev24h);
+      labels.push(
+        ambientLabel({
+          id: `hotspot:${hotspot.id}`,
+          position,
+          title: hotspotLabel(hotspot),
+          details: [
+            `${tn(hotspot.last24h, '{count} report today', '{count} reports today')}${trend ? ` ${trend}` : ''}`,
+          ],
+          accent: HOTSPOT_COLOR,
+          priority: 10_000 + hotspot.last24h,
+          gapPx: beaconPixelSize(hotspot.last24h) / 2 + 4,
+        }),
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  function renderHotspotOutlines(entities, labels) {
+    for (const hotspot of hotspots) {
+      if (hotspot.catchAll) continue;
+      const [w, s, e, n] = hotspot.bbox;
+      const active = filters.hotspot === hotspot.id;
+      // The bounding box only until the real outline has loaded.
+      if (!outlineParts.has(hotspot.id))
+        entities.add({
+          id: `${HOTSPOT_PREFIX}${hotspot.id}`,
+          polyline: {
+            positions: cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegreesArray([
+              w,
+              s,
+              e,
+              s,
+              e,
+              n,
+              w,
+              n,
+              w,
+              s,
+            ]),
+            width: active ? 3 : 2,
+            clampToGround: true,
+            material: new cesium.PolylineDashMaterialProperty({
+              color: cesium.Color.fromCssColorString(HOTSPOT_COLOR).withAlpha(
+                active ? 0.95 : 0.55,
+              ),
+              dashLength: 18,
+            }),
+          },
+        });
+      labels.push(
+        ambientLabel({
+          id: `hotspot:${hotspot.id}`,
+          position: outlineParts.has(hotspot.id)
+            ? cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+                hotspot.focus.lon,
+                hotspot.focus.lat,
+              )
+            : cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(w, n),
+          title: hotspotLabel(hotspot),
+          details: [
+            tn(
+              hotspot.last24h,
+              '{count} report today',
+              '{count} reports today',
+            ),
+          ],
+          accent: HOTSPOT_COLOR,
+          priority: 10_000 + hotspot.last24h,
+        }),
+      );
+      // Each disputed area is named, with who holds it and who claims it.
+      for (const area of outlineDisputed.get(hotspot.id) || []) {
+        const ring = area.rings[0];
+        const lon = ring.reduce((sum, p) => sum + p[0], 0) / ring.length;
+        const lat = ring.reduce((sum, p) => sum + p[1], 0) / ring.length;
+        const label = disputedLabel(area);
+        labels.push(
+          ambientLabel({
+            id: `disputed:${hotspot.id}:${area.name}`,
+            position: cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lon, lat),
+            title: label.title,
+            details: [label.detail],
+            accent: DISPUTED_COLOR,
+            priority: 8_000,
+          }),
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function renderMarkers(entities, drawn) {
+    for (const report of drawn) {
+      const isSelected = report.id === selectedId;
+      if (!report.pins.length || (!isSelected && !onMap(report))) continue;
+      // One marker per pin; the pin index rides on the pick id. Fill is
+      // severity, the icon the category, the rim attestation; a marker grows
+      // with the sources reporting its event and fades with age. A fresh,
+      // widely reported or major event also gets a static halo.
+      const look = markerStyle(report, now());
+      const color = cesium.Color.fromCssColorString(
+        severityStyle(report).color,
+      );
+      const size = isSelected ? look.size + 4 : look.size;
+      const sprite = markerSprite({ ...look, selected: isSelected });
+      const pressing = isPressing(report, now());
+      for (const [pin] of report.pins.entries()) {
+        const position = markerCartesian(report, pin);
+        if (pressing)
+          entities.add({
+            id: `${REPORT_PREFIX}${report.id}~${pin}~halo`,
+            position,
+            point: {
+              pixelSize: look.size * 2.4,
+              color: color.withAlpha(0.22),
+              outlineColor: color.withAlpha(0.6),
+              outlineWidth: 1,
+              heightReference: cesium.HeightReference.CLAMP_TO_GROUND,
+              disableDepthTestDistance: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+            },
+          });
+        entities.add({
+          id: `${REPORT_PREFIX}${report.id}~${pin}`,
+          position,
+          ...(sprite
+            ? {
+                billboard: {
+                  image: sprite,
+                  width: Math.round(size * SPRITE_SCALE),
+                  height: Math.round(size * SPRITE_SCALE),
+                  color: cesium.Color.WHITE.withAlpha(
+                    isSelected ? 1 : look.alpha,
+                  ),
+                  heightReference: cesium.HeightReference.CLAMP_TO_GROUND,
+                  disableDepthTestDistance: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+                },
+              }
+            : {
+                point: {
+                  pixelSize: size,
+                  color,
+                  outlineColor: isSelected
+                    ? cesium.Color.WHITE
+                    : cesium.Color.BLACK.withAlpha(0.7),
+                  outlineWidth: isSelected ? 3 : 1.5,
+                  heightReference: cesium.HeightReference.CLAMP_TO_GROUND,
+                  disableDepthTestDistance: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+                },
+              }),
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // The big events stand as picture cards over their marker, unless the
+  // reader has turned them off; never two on top of each other. The clicked
+  // event shows its picture card either way, under its marker, with its text
+  // card above.
+  function pictureCards(drawn, current, labels) {
+    const cardable = filters.cards
+      ? cardEvents(
+          drawn.filter((r) => r.id !== selectedId && onMap(r)),
+          now(),
+        )
+      : [];
+    const pictured =
+      current?.pins.length &&
+      current.event?.size >= NEWS_CARD_MIN_SOURCES &&
+      current.pins[selectedPin]
+        ? [current]
+        : [];
+    for (const [rank, report] of [...pictured, ...cardable].entries()) {
+      const isSelected = report.id === selectedId;
+      const look = markerStyle(report, now());
+      const view = cardView(report, now());
+      const image = eventCard(
+        report.event?.id || report.id,
+        view,
+        look,
+        requestRender,
+      );
+      if (!image) continue;
+      const color = severityStyle(report).color;
+      labels.push({
+        id: `event-card:${report.id}`,
+        position: markerCartesian(report, isSelected ? selectedPin : 0),
+        variant: 'thumbnail',
+        paintLane: 'thumbnail',
+        title: '',
+        details: [],
+        image,
+        accent: color,
+        priority: isSelected ? Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER - 1 : 500_000 - rank,
+        collisionGroup: isSelected ? 'news-selected-picture' : 'ambient-card',
+        interactive: true,
+        accessibilityLabel: `${view.title}. ${view.meta}`,
+        activate: () => layer.setParams({ reportId: report.id, pin: 0 }),
+        horizonCull: true,
+        terrainOcclusion: false,
+        placement: isSelected ? 'below' : 'above',
+        verticalOnly: true,
+        gapPx: look.size / 2 + 12,
+        leaderOffsetPx: look.size / 2 + 2,
+        viewportPadding: 24,
+        // The collision box: rectangle overlap alone lets the cards of nearby
+        // anchors stack.
+        minAnchorSeparationPx: isSelected ? 0 : CARD_W * 0.85,
+        thumbnailWidth: CARD_W,
+        thumbnailHeight: CARD_H,
+        thumbnailPadX: 0,
+        thumbnailPadTop: 0,
+        thumbnailPadBottom: 0,
+        thumbnailTitleGap: 0,
+        thumbnailTitleHeight: 0,
+        thumbnailTitleChars: 0,
+        thumbnailBackground: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
+        thumbnailLeaderColor: color,
+        thumbnailRuleHeight: 0,
+        thumbnailRadius: 4,
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  // The selected report's card: what, where, how attested, and the link to
+  // the original article ("Source: host ↗"), which a click on it opens.
+  function selectedCard(report, labels) {
+    if (!report?.pins.length) return;
+    const pin = report.pins[selectedPin] ? selectedPin : 0;
+    labels.push({
+      id: `selected-report:${report.id}`,
+      position: markerCartesian(report, pin),
+      variant: 'card',
+      title: shortTitle(report.titleEn || report.title),
+      details: [
+        [
+          report.publisher,
+          sideLabel(report.side),
+          ageWords(report.publishedAt, now()),
+        ]
+          .filter(Boolean)
+          .join(' · '),
+        [
+          categoryLabel(report.category),
+          t(severityStyle(report).label),
+          report.pins[pin].place,
+        ]
+          .filter(Boolean)
+          .join(' · '),
+        sidesLine(report),
+        attestation(report)?.label || '',
+        mediaLabels(report).join(' · '),
+        sourceLinkLabel(report.url),
+      ].filter(Boolean),
+      accent: severityStyle(report).color,
+      selected: true,
+      stateless: true,
+      priority: Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER,
+      interactive: true,
+      accessibilityLabel: sourceLinkLabel(report.url),
+      activate: () => {
+        openUrl(report.url);
+        return true;
+      },
+      horizonCull: true,
+      terrainOcclusion: false,
+      placement: 'above',
+      gapPx: 12,
+    });
+  }
+
+  function render() {
+    if (!dataSource) return;
+    const entities = dataSource.entities;
+    // Removed before events are suspended: a marker removed and re-added
+    // under the same id in one suspended batch reaches Cesium's visualizers
+    // as "changed", and they keep drawing the removed entity (i.e. nothing).
+    entities.removeAll();
+    entities.suspendEvents();
+    const labels = [];
+    const detail = detailMode();
+    shownDetail = detail;
+    if (detail) renderHotspotOutlines(entities, labels);
+    else renderBeacons(entities, labels);
+    // A report picked in the feed or In view still gets its marker.
+    const current = selected();
+    const elsewhere = catchAllIds();
+    const shown = detail
+      ? mapReports
+      : mapReports.filter((r) => elsewhere.has(r.hotspotId));
+    const drawn =
+      current && !shown.some((r) => r.id === current.id)
+        ? [...shown, current]
+        : shown;
+    renderMarkers(entities, drawn);
+    entities.resumeEvents();
+    showOutlines(detail);
+    const at = cesium.JulianDate.now();
+    cullTargets = entities.values
+      .filter((entity) => (entity.point || entity.billboard) && entity.position)
+      .map((entity) => ({
+        position: entity.position.getValue(at),
+        developing: String(entity.id).startsWith(DEVELOPING_PREFIX),
+        get show() {
+          return entity.show;
+        },
+        set show(value) {
+          entity.show = value;
+        },
+      }))
+      .filter((target) => target.position);
+    horizon.update();
+    updatePulse();
+    pictureCards(drawn, current, labels);
+    selectedCard(current, labels);
+    if (enabled)
+      overlayHost.setEntries(NEWS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID, labels, { moving: false });
+    requestRender();
+  }
+
+  function registerContext(report) {
+    const place = report?.pins[selectedPin] || report?.geo;
+    if (!place) return null;
+    let entity = contextEntities.get(report.id);
+    if (!entity) {
+      entity = { show: true };
+      contextEntities.set(report.id, entity);
+    }
+    const { lat, lon } = reportMarkerPosition(
+      report,
+      report.pins[selectedPin] ? selectedPin : 0,
+    );
+    entity.__localBaseCartesian = cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lon, lat);
+    registerEntityContext(entity, {
+      id: `news-report:${report.id}`,
+      layerId: NEWS_LAYER_ID,
+      layerName: 'News',
+      source: report.publisher,
+      dataSource,
+      label: report.title, // i18n-ignore: publisher headline (data)
+      latitude: place.lat,
+      longitude: place.lon,
+      properties: {
+        publisher: report.publisher,
+        side: report.side,
+        category: report.category,
+        place: place.place,
+        publishedAt: report.publishedAt,
+        url: report.url,
+      },
+    });
+    return entity;
+  }
+
+  function select(id, pin = 0) {
+    selectedId = id;
+    selectedPin = pin;
+    const report = selected();
+    if (report) {
+      const entity = registerContext(report);
+      if (entity) selectEntityContext(entity);
+    } else clearSelectedEntityContextForLayer(NEWS_LAYER_ID);
+    render();
+    notify();
+  }
+
+  function flyTo(navigate) {
+    if (!runNavigation || !viewer) return;
+    runNavigation(() => (enabled && !destroyed ? navigate() : undefined));
+  }
+
+  // A card's click: straight down over the event from 150 km.
+  function focusReport(report) {
+    if (!report?.pins.length) return;
+    const { lat, lon } = report.pins[selectedPin] || report.pins[0];
+    flyTo(() =>
+      viewer.camera.flyTo({
+        destination: cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+          lon,
+          lat,
+          NEWS_FOCUS_HEIGHT_M,
+        ),
+        duration: reducedMotion() ? 0 : 1.4,
+      }),
+    );
+  }
+
+  function focusRectangle([w, s, e, n]) {
+    flyTo(() =>
+      viewer.camera.flyTo({
+        destination: cesium.Rectangle.fromDegrees(w, s, e, n),
+        duration: reducedMotion() ? 0 : 1.6,
+      }),
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Hotspot extents (and developing countries) are drawn in their own data
+  // source, built once per outline and only shown or hidden afterwards:
+  // ground polygons over 3D tiles are slow to build, so they are never
+  // rebuilt on a re-render. A hotspot's fill clears when it is the chosen
+  // one so its border stays readable over the reports inside.
+  const outlineParts = new Map();
+  const outlineRequests = new Set();
+  const outlineDisputed = new Map();
+  function addOutline(
+    key,
+    { polygons, borders, disputed = [] },
+    { color, fillAlpha, pickId },
+  ) {
+    if (!outlineSource || outlineParts.has(key)) return;
+    const css = cesium.Color.fromCssColorString(color);
+    const parts = { fills: [], borders: [] };
+    const ring = (points) => cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegreesArray(points.flat());
+    const closed = (points) => ring([...points, points[0]]);
+    const line = (id, positions, width, material) =>
+      parts.borders.push(
+        outlineSource.entities.add({
+          id,
+          show: false,
+          polyline: { positions, width, clampToGround: true, material },
+        }),
+      );
+    for (const [index, polygon] of polygons.entries()) {
+      if (fillAlpha > 0)
+        parts.fills.push(
+          outlineSource.entities.add({
+            id: `${pickId}~fill${index}`,
+            show: false,
+            polygon: {
+              hierarchy: new cesium.PolygonHierarchy(
+                ring(polygon.outer),
+                polygon.holes.map(
+                  (hole) => new cesium.PolygonHierarchy(ring(hole)),
+                ),
+              ),
+              material: css.withAlpha(fillAlpha),
+              classificationType: cesium.ClassificationType.BOTH,
+            },
+          }),
+        );
+      for (const [k, points] of [polygon.outer, ...polygon.holes].entries())
+        line(
+          `${pickId}~line${index}.${k}`,
+          closed(points),
+          2,
+          css.withAlpha(0.85),
+        );
+    }
+    // National borders inside a multi-country hotspot: thin and dashed.
+    for (const [index, points] of borders.entries())
+      line(
+        `${pickId}~border${index}`,
+        closed(points),
+        1.5,
+        new cesium.PolylineDashMaterialProperty({
+          color: css.withAlpha(0.6),
+          dashLength: 12,
+        }),
+      );
+    const dotted = new cesium.PolylineDashMaterialProperty({
+      color: cesium.Color.fromCssColorString(DISPUTED_COLOR).withAlpha(0.9),
+      dashLength: 6,
+    });
+    for (const [index, area] of disputed.entries())
+      for (const [k, points] of area.rings.entries())
+        line(`${pickId}~disputed${index}.${k}`, closed(points), 2, dotted);
+    outlineDisputed.set(key, disputed);
+    outlineParts.set(key, parts);
+  }
+  function loadOutline(key, fetchOutline, style) {
+    if (outlineParts.has(key) || outlineRequests.has(key) || !fetchOutline)
+      return;
+    outlineRequests.add(key);
+    fetchOutline()
+      .then((outline) => {
+        if (destroyed) return;
+        addOutline(key, outline, style);
+        if (enabled) render();
+      })
+      // An outline is an extra: the bounding box stands in for it.
+      .catch(() => {})
+      .finally(() => outlineRequests.delete(key));
+  }
+  function loadOutlines() {
+    for (const hotspot of hotspots) {
+      if (!hotspot.catchAll)
+        loadOutline(
+          hotspot.id,
+          source.getOutline && (() => source.getOutline(hotspot.id)),
+          {
+            color: HOTSPOT_COLOR,
+            fillAlpha: 0.08,
+            pickId: `${HOTSPOT_PREFIX}${hotspot.id}`,
+          },
+        );
+      for (const item of hotspot.developing || [])
+        loadOutline(
+          `developing:${item.key}`,
+          source.getCountryOutline &&
+            (() => source.getCountryOutline(item.key)),
+          {
+            color: DEVELOPING_COLOR,
+            fillAlpha: 0,
+            pickId: `${DEVELOPING_PREFIX}${hotspot.id}:${item.key}`,
+          },
+        );
+    }
+  }
+  function showOutlines(detail) {
+    const developing = new Set(
+      hotspots.flatMap((h) => (h.developing || []).map((d) => d.key)),
+    );
+    for (const [key, parts] of outlineParts) {
+      const country = key.startsWith('developing:') ? key.slice(11) : null;
+      const visible = enabled && (country ? developing.has(country) : detail);
+      const fill = visible && !country && filters.hotspot !== key;
+      for (const entity of parts.fills)
+        if (entity.show !== fill) entity.show = fill;
+      for (const entity of parts.borders)
+        if (entity.show !== visible) entity.show = visible;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const shownCount = () =>
+    feed.items.filter((r) => passesFilters(r, filters, now())).length;
+
+  async function loadFeed(mode) {
+    if (!enabled || unavailable) return;
+    if (mode === 'append' && (!feed.nextBefore || feed.loading)) return;
+    if (mode === 'replace') autoPages = 0;
+    feedRequest?.abort();
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    feedRequest = controller;
+    feed = { ...feed, loading: true, error: null };
+    notify();
+    try {
+      const page = await source.getFeed(
+        feedQueryFor(
+          filters,
+          mode === 'append' ? { before: feed.nextBefore } : {},
+        ),
+        { signal: controller.signal },
+      );
+      if (controller.signal.aborted || feedRequest !== controller || !enabled)
+        return;
+      feed = {
+        ...mergeFeedPage(feed, page, mode),
+        loading: false,
+        error: null,
+      };
+    } catch (cause) {
+      if (controller.signal.aborted || feedRequest !== controller) return;
+      feed = {
+        ...feed,
+        loading: false,
+        error: cause?.message || FEED_UNAVAILABLE,
+      };
+    } finally {
+      if (feedRequest === controller) feedRequest = null;
+      notify();
+    }
+    if (
+      enabled &&
+      !feed.error &&
+      feed.nextBefore &&
+      shownCount() < NEWS_FEED_PAGE / 3 &&
+      autoPages < AUTO_PAGES
+    ) {
+      autoPages++;
+      void loadFeed('append');
+    }
+  }
+
+  // "In view": below 3,000 km, the reports within 500 km of the view centre,
+  // read again once the camera has settled for 0.8 s in another half-degree
+  // cell. The feed has no area query, so the last day's geocoded reports are
+  // read and kept by distance here.
+  function scheduleInView() {
+    clearTimeout(settleTimer);
+    settleTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+      settleTimer = null;
+      void refreshInView();
+    }, NEWS_SETTLE_MS);
+  }
+  async function refreshInView({ force = false } = {}) {
+    if (!enabled || unavailable) return;
+    const height = cameraHeight();
+    if (!(height < NEWS_IN_VIEW_MAX_HEIGHT_M)) {
+      if (inView.active) {
+        inViewRequest?.abort();
+        inViewRequest = null;
+        inView = emptyInView();
+        notify();
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    const centre = getViewCentre(viewer);
+    if (!centre) return;
+    const cell = viewCell(centre);
+    if (!force && inView.active && cell === inView.cell) return;
+    inViewRequest?.abort();
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    inViewRequest = controller;
+    inView = { ...inView, active: true, cell, centre, loading: true };
+    notify();
+    try {
+      const page = await source.getFeed(
+        {
+          hotspot: 'all',
+          geo: true,
+          today: true,
+          events: true,
+          relevance: filters.includeMinor ? '' : NEWS_RELEVANT,
+          limit: NEWS_MAP_LIMIT,
+        },
+        { signal: controller.signal },
+      );
+      if (controller.signal.aborted || inViewRequest !== controller) return;
+      inView = {
+        ...inView,
+        reports: page.reports,
+        loading: false,
+        error: null,
+      };
+    } catch (cause) {
+      if (controller.signal.aborted || inViewRequest !== controller) return;
+      inView = {
+        ...inView,
+        loading: false,
+        error: cause?.message || FEED_UNAVAILABLE,
+      };
+    } finally {
+      if (inViewRequest === controller) inViewRequest = null;
+      notify();
+    }
+  }
+
+  function installSelection() {
+    if (clickHandler || !viewer?.scene?.canvas) return;
+    clickHandler = new cesium.ScreenSpaceEventHandler(viewer.scene.canvas);
+    clickHandler.setInputAction((click) => {
+      if (!enabled || destroyed || !isPointerFree() || !click?.position) return;
+      const card = hitTestOverlay(click.position.x, click.position.y, {
+        sourceId: NEWS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
+      });
+      if (card?.entry?.activate) {
+        card.entry.activate();
+        return;
+      }
+      const picked = viewer.scene.pick(click.position);
+      const id = picked ? resolvePickId(picked) : null;
+      if (typeof id === 'string' && id.startsWith(REPORT_PREFIX)) {
+        const [reportId, pin] = id.slice(REPORT_PREFIX.length).split('~');
+        layer.setParams({ reportId, pin: Number(pin) || 0 });
+        return;
+      }
+      if (typeof id === 'string' && id.startsWith(DEVELOPING_PREFIX)) {
+        const [hotspotId, key] = id
+          .slice(DEVELOPING_PREFIX.length)
+          .split('~')[0]
+          .split(':');
+        const item = hotspots
+          .find((h) => h.id === hotspotId)
+          ?.developing?.find((d) => d.key === key);
+        layer.setParams({ filters: { hotspot: hotspotId } });
+        if (item) {
+          const { lat, lon } = item.focus;
+          focusRectangle([
+            lon - 5,
+            Math.max(-85, lat - 3.5),
+            lon + 5,
+            Math.min(85, lat + 3.5),
+          ]);
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+      if (typeof id === 'string' && id.startsWith(HOTSPOT_PREFIX)) {
+        const hotspotId = id.slice(HOTSPOT_PREFIX.length).split('~')[0];
+        // Clicking the hotspot already in focus steps out of a report.
+        if (filters.hotspot === hotspotId) {
+          if (selectedId) layer.setParams({ clear: true });
+          return;
+        }
+        layer.setParams({ filters: { hotspot: hotspotId } });
+        return;
+      }
+      if (id && isOwnedByOtherLayer(NEWS_LAYER_ID, id)) return;
+      if (selectedId && !picked?.id) layer.setParams({ clear: true });
+    }, cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.LEFT_CLICK);
+  }
+
+  function removeSelection() {
+    if (clickHandler && !clickHandler.isDestroyed?.()) clickHandler.destroy();
+    clickHandler = null;
+  }
+
+  function feedView() {
+    const at = now();
+    const report = selected();
+    const total = hotspots.reduce((sum, h) => sum + h.last24h, 0);
+    return {
+      filters,
+      hotspots: [
+        { id: 'all', label: t('All'), count: total },
+        ...hotspots.map((hotspot) => ({
+          id: hotspot.id,
+          label: hotspotLabel(hotspot),
+          count: hotspot.last24h,
+        })),
+      ].map((chip) => ({ ...chip, active: filters.hotspot === chip.id })),
+      categories: Object.keys(NEWS_CATEGORIES).map((id) => ({
+        value: id,
+        label: categoryLabel(id),
+      })),
+      severities: NEWS_SEVERITY.map((level, index) => ({
+        value: index,
+        label: t(level.label),
+        color: level.color,
+      })),
+      items: feed.items
+        .filter((r) => passesFilters(r, filters, at))
+        .map((r) => feedCardView(r, at)),
+      inView: {
+        active: inView.active,
+        loading: inView.loading,
+        error: inView.error ? t(FEED_UNAVAILABLE) : null,
+        items: reportsInView(inView.reports, inView.centre, filters, at).map(
+          (r) => feedCardView(r, at),
+        ),
+      },
+      selected:
+        report && withinNewsWindow(report, at)
+          ? feedCardView(report, at)
+          : null,
+      hasMore: Boolean(feed.nextBefore),
+      loading: feed.loading || loading,
+      // Read failures are English data; the panel shows them translated.
+      error: error || feed.error ? t(error || feed.error) : null,
+      lastRunAt,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const layer = {
+    id: NEWS_LAYER_ID,
+    name: 'News',
+    icon: '◆',
+    source: 'GEV news',
+    updateInterval: 120_000,
+
+    init(nextViewer) {
+      viewer = nextViewer;
+      dataSource = new cesium.CustomDataSource(NEWS_LAYER_ID);
+      outlineSource = new cesium.CustomDataSource(`${NEWS_LAYER_ID}-outlines`);
+      dataSource.show = false;
+      outlineSource.show = false;
+      viewer.dataSources?.add(outlineSource);
+      viewer.dataSources?.add(dataSource);
+      overlayHost.setVisible(NEWS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID, false);
+    },
+    attachShellServices(services) {
+      runNavigation =
+        typeof services?.runNavigation === 'function'
+          ? services.runNavigation
+          : null;
+    },
+    enable() {
+      if (destroyed || enabled) return;
+      enabled = true;
+      if (dataSource) dataSource.show = true;
+      if (outlineSource) outlineSource.show = true;
+      overlayHost.setVisible(NEWS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID, true);
+      registerPickOwner(
+        NEWS_LAYER_ID,
+        (id) => enabled && String(id).startsWith(NEWS_PICK_PREFIX),
+      );
+      installSelection();
+      // Re-render only when a camera move crosses the detail threshold.
+      removeCameraListener =
+        viewer?.camera?.moveEnd?.addEventListener?.(() => {
+          if (!enabled) return;
+          if (detailMode() !== shownDetail) render();
+          scheduleInView();
+        }) || null;
+    },
+    disable() {
+      enabled = false;
+      unavailable = false;
+      error = null;
+      request?.abort();
+      feedRequest?.abort();
+      inViewRequest?.abort();
+      request = feedRequest = inViewRequest = null;
+      clearTimeout(settleTimer);
+      settleTimer = null;
+      loading = false;
+      unregisterPickOwner(NEWS_LAYER_ID);
+      removeSelection();
+      removeCameraListener?.();
+      removeCameraListener = null;
+      horizon.stop();
+      cullTargets = [];
+      clearInterval(pulseTimer);
+      pulseTimer = null;
+      if (outlineSource) outlineSource.show = false;
+      selectedId = null;
+      clearSelectedEntityContextForLayer(NEWS_LAYER_ID);
+      removeEntityContextsForLayer(NEWS_LAYER_ID);
+      contextEntities.clear();
+      feed = emptyFeed();
+      inView = emptyInView();
+      mapReports = [];
+      if (dataSource) {
+        dataSource.entities.removeAll();
+        dataSource.show = false;
+      }
+      overlayHost.clearSource(NEWS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID);
+      overlayHost.setVisible(NEWS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID, false);
+      requestRender();
+      notify();
+    },
+    async update(_viewer, { signal } = {}) {
+      if (!enabled || destroyed) return false;
+      // A server without the news routes says so once; no background retries.
+      if (unavailable) return true;
+      request?.abort();
+      const controller = new AbortController();
+      const abort = () => controller.abort(signal.reason);
+      signal?.addEventListener('abort', abort, { once: true });
+      request = controller;
+      loading = true;
+      notify();
+      try {
+        const [index, todays] = await Promise.all([
+          source.getHotspots({ signal: controller.signal }),
+          source.getFeed(
+            {
+              hotspot: 'all',
+              geo: true,
+              today: true,
+              events: true,
+              relevance: NEWS_RELEVANT,
+              limit: NEWS_MAP_LIMIT,
+            },
+            { signal: controller.signal },
+          ),
+        ]);
+        if (!enabled || controller.signal.aborted || request !== controller)
+          return false;
+        hotspots = index.hotspots;
+        loadOutlines();
+        lastRunAt = index.lastRunAt;
+        mapReports = todays.reports.filter((r) => withinNewsWindow(r, now()));
+        filters = normalizeFilters({}, hotspots, filters);
+        error = null;
+        lastUpdate = now();
+        render();
+        void loadFeed(feed.items.length ? 'head' : 'replace');
+        void refreshInView({ force: inView.active });
+        return true;
+      } catch (cause) {
+        if (controller.signal.aborted || request !== controller) return false;
+        unavailable = cause?.unavailable === true;
+        error = cause?.message || FEED_UNAVAILABLE;
+        return true;
+      } finally {
+        signal?.removeEventListener('abort', abort);
+        if (request === controller) {
+          request = null;
+          loading = false;
+          notify();
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    setParams(params = {}) {
+      if (!enabled || destroyed) return;
+      if (params.clear === true) {
+        select(null);
+        return;
+      }
+      if (params.filters && typeof params.filters === 'object') {
+        const next = normalizeFilters(params.filters, hotspots, filters);
+        // The severity floor and the cards change what is shown, not what is read.
+        const readKey = ({ hotspot, category, includeMinor }) =>
+          `${hotspot}|${category}|${includeMinor}`;
+        const reread = readKey(next) !== readKey(filters);
+        const minorChanged = next.includeMinor !== filters.includeMinor;
+        filters = next;
+        if (
+          Object.hasOwn(params.filters, 'hotspot') &&
+          next.hotspot !== 'all'
+        ) {
+          const hotspot = hotspots.find((h) => h.id === next.hotspot);
+          // The catch-all spans the world: choosing it filters, it does not fly.
+          if (hotspot && !hotspot.catchAll) focusRectangle(hotspot.bbox);
+        }
+        if (reread) feed = emptyFeed();
+        render();
+        if (reread) void loadFeed('replace');
+        if (minorChanged) void refreshInView({ force: true });
+        notify();
+      }
+      if (params.loadMore === true) void loadFeed('append');
+      if (typeof params.hotspotId === 'string')
+        layer.setParams({ filters: { hotspot: params.hotspotId } });
+      if (typeof params.reportId === 'string' && findReport(params.reportId)) {
+        select(
+          params.reportId,
+          Number.isInteger(params.pin) && params.pin > 0 ? params.pin : 0,
+        );
+        if (params.focus === true) focusReport(selected());
+      }
+    },
+    getRowControls() {
+      return {
+        chips: [],
+        legend: [],
+        info: t(
+          'Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.',
+        ),
+        // A ready-to-render view for the News panel (src/ui/newsPanel.js),
+        // which takes no layer imports: labels and colours are resolved here.
+        feed: feedView(),
+      };
+    },
+    setRowControlsListener(value) {
+      listener = typeof value === 'function' ? value : null;
+    },
+    getAnalystRecords() {
+      return [];
+    },
+    getStats() {
+      return {
+        count: mapReports.filter((r) => r.pins.length && onMap(r)).length,
+        lastUpdate,
+        loading,
+        error,
+        ...(unavailable
+          ? { status: 'unavailable', sourceUnavailable: true }
+          : {}),
+        source: 'GEV news',
+      };
+    },
+    destroy() {
+      if (destroyed) return;
+      layer.disable();
+      destroyed = true;
+      if (viewer && dataSource) viewer.dataSources?.remove(dataSource, true);
+      if (viewer && outlineSource)
+        viewer.dataSources?.remove(outlineSource, true);
+      dataSource = null;
+      outlineSource = null;
+      outlineParts.clear();
+      outlineDisputed.clear();
+      viewer = null;
+      listener = null;
+      runNavigation = null;
+    },
+  };
+  return layer;
+}
diff --git a/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5cc49938c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { createNewsLayer } from './index.js';
+
+const NOW = Date.parse('2026-10-28T10:00:00Z');
+const hotspotsPayload = {
+  hotspots: [
+    {
+      id: 'ua-ru-war',
+      name: 'Russia–Ukraine war',
+      bbox: [22, 44, 42, 56],
+      focus: { lat: 48.6, lon: 35.5 },
+      last24h: 3,
+      parties: ['UA', 'RU'],
+    },
+  ],
+  categories: [],
+  lastRunAt: null,
+};
+const report = (id, extra = {}) => ({
+  id,
+  title: `Report ${id}`,
+  url: `https://example.com/${id}`,
+  publishedAt: '2026-10-28T09:00:00.000Z',
+  publisher: 'Example',
+  side: 'UA',
+  category: 'strike',
+  hotspotId: 'ua-ru-war',
+  hotspotIds: ['ua-ru-war'],
+  severity: 2,
+  geo: { lat: 50, lon: 36, place: 'Kharkiv', mappable: true },
+  pins: [{ lat: 50, lon: 36, place: 'Kharkiv', mappable: true }],
+  event: null,
+  media: [],
+  ...extra,
+});
+
+function fixture(
+  t,
+  { source: overrides = {}, height = 20_000_000, reduced = false } = {},
+) {
+  const calls = { feed: [], hotspots: 0, outline: 0 };
+  const reports = [
+    report('major', {
+      severity: 3,
+      event: {
+        size: 3,
+        severity: 3,
+        status: 'both-sides',
+        lastAt: '2026-10-28T09:30:00.000Z',
+        sides: [],
+        image: null,
+      },
+    }),
+    report('minor', { severity: 1 }),
+    report('old', { publishedAt: '2026-10-26T09:00:00.000Z', severity: 3 }),
+    report('far', {
+      severity: 2,
+      pins: [{ lat: 31.5, lon: 34.4, place: 'Gaza', mappable: true }],
+    }),
+  ];
+  const source = {
+    getHotspots: async () => {
+      calls.hotspots++;
+      return hotspotsPayload;
+    },
+    getFeed: async (query) => {
+      calls.feed.push(query);
+      return { reports, nextBefore: null };
+    },
+    getOutline: async () => {
+      calls.outline++;
+      return { polygons: [], borders: [], disputed: [] };
+    },
+    ...overrides,
+  };
+  const entries = [];
+  const overlayHost = {
+    setEntries: (_id, list) => entries.push(list),
+    setVisible() {},
+    clearSource: () => entries.push([]),
+  };
+  const flights = [];
+  const camera = {
+    positionCartographic: { height },
+    positionWC: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(36, 49, height),
+    moveEnd: new Cesium.Event(),
+    flyTo: (options) => flights.push(options),
+  };
+  const viewer = {
+    camera,
+    scene: { requestRender() {}, preRender: new Cesium.Event() },
+    dataSources: { add() {}, remove() {} },
+  };
+  const layer = createNewsLayer({
+    source,
+    overlayHost,
+    now: () => NOW,
+    matchMedia: () => ({ matches: reduced }),
+    getViewCentre: () => ({ lat: 49, lon: 36 }),
+  });
+  // The context store announces selections on `window`, which Node lacks.
+  const originalWindow = globalThis.window;
+  globalThis.window = new EventTarget();
+  layer.init(viewer);
+  layer.attachShellServices({ runNavigation: (navigate) => navigate() });
+  t.after(() => {
+    layer.destroy();
+    if (originalWindow === undefined) delete globalThis.window;
+    else globalThis.window = originalWindow;
+  });
+  return { layer, viewer, camera, calls, entries, flights };
+}
+
+const settle = () => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+
+test('the feed shows the last 24 h at significant and above, beacons when zoomed out', async (t) => {
+  const { layer, calls, entries } = fixture(t);
+  layer.enable();
+  assert.equal(await layer.update(), true);
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(calls.hotspots, 1);
+  // The map read and the panel's feed read both ask for the last day only.
+  assert.ok(calls.feed.every((query) => query.today === true));
+  const view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    view.items.map((item) => item.id),
+    ['major', 'far'],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    view.hotspots.map((chip) => [chip.id, chip.label, chip.active]),
+    [
+      ['all', 'All', true],
+      ['ua-ru-war', 'Ukraine–Russia', false],
+    ],
+  );
+  const labels = entries.at(-1);
+  assert.ok(labels.some((entry) => entry.id === 'hotspot:ua-ru-war'));
+  assert.equal(layer.getStats().error, null);
+  // Zoomed out, the camera is too high for "In view".
+  assert.equal(view.inView.active, false);
+});
+
+test('choosing a card selects it and flies straight down from 150 km; reduced motion jumps', async (t) => {
+  const { layer, flights, entries } = fixture(t, { reduced: true });
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  layer.setParams({ reportId: 'major', focus: true });
+  assert.equal(flights.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(flights[0].duration, 0);
+  const at = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(flights[0].destination);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(at.height - 150_000) < 1);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(Cesium.Math.toDegrees(at.latitude) - 50) < 1e-6);
+  const card = entries.at(-1).find((e) => e.id === 'selected-report:major');
+  assert.ok(card.details.includes('Source: example.com ↗'));
+  assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.selected.id, 'major');
+  layer.setParams({ clear: true });
+  assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.selected, null);
+});
+
+test('the card toggle and the severity floor change what is shown, not what is read', async (t) => {
+  const { layer, entries, calls } = fixture(t, { height: 500_000 });
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  const cards = () =>
+    entries.at(-1).filter((entry) => entry.id.startsWith('event-card:'));
+  // No canvas in Node: cards need one, so none are painted, and nothing throws.
+  assert.deepEqual(cards(), []);
+  await settle();
+  const reads = calls.feed.length;
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { cards: false, minSeverity: 0 } });
+  assert.equal(calls.feed.length, reads);
+  assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.filters.cards, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    layer.getRowControls().feed.items.map((item) => item.id),
+    ['major', 'minor', 'far'],
+  );
+});
+
+test('In view reads again only when the camera settles low in a new cell', async (t) => {
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
+  const { layer, camera, calls } = fixture(t, { height: 1_000_000 });
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  const reads = () => calls.feed.filter((q) => q.limit === 500).length;
+  const before = reads();
+  camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
+  t.mock.timers.tick(799);
+  assert.equal(reads(), before);
+  t.mock.timers.tick(1);
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  const view = layer.getRowControls().feed.inView;
+  assert.equal(view.active, true);
+  // Gaza is beyond 500 km of the view centre; the old report is past 24 h.
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    view.items.map((item) => item.id),
+    ['major'],
+  );
+  // Same cell: no new read.
+  const settled = reads();
+  camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
+  t.mock.timers.tick(800);
+  assert.equal(reads(), settled);
+  // Up above 3,000 km, In view goes away.
+  camera.positionCartographic.height = 5_000_000;
+  camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
+  t.mock.timers.tick(800);
+  assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.active, false);
+});
+
+test('a server without news is unavailable once and is not asked again', async (t) => {
+  const failure = Object.assign(
+    new Error('News feed not configured on this server'),
+    {
+      unavailable: true,
+    },
+  );
+  let reads = 0;
+  const { layer } = fixture(t, {
+    source: {
+      getHotspots: async () => {
+        reads++;
+        throw failure;
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  layer.enable();
+  assert.equal(await layer.update(), true);
+  assert.equal(await layer.update(), true);
+  assert.equal(reads, 1);
+  const stats = layer.getStats();
+  assert.equal(stats.sourceUnavailable, true);
+  assert.equal(stats.status, 'unavailable');
+  assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.error, failure.message);
+  // Turning the layer off and on asks again.
+  layer.disable();
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  assert.equal(reads, 2);
+});
+
+test('a failed read keeps the layer on with an error; disable clears the overlay', async (t) => {
+  const { layer, entries } = fixture(t, {
+    source: { getFeed: async () => Promise.reject(new Error('boom')) },
+  });
+  layer.enable();
+  assert.equal(await layer.update(), true);
+  assert.equal(layer.getStats().error, 'boom');
+  assert.equal(layer.getStats().sourceUnavailable, undefined);
+  layer.disable();
+  assert.deepEqual(entries.at(-1), []);
+  assert.deepEqual(layer.getRowControls().feed.items, []);
+});
diff --git a/src/navigationPolicy.js b/src/navigationPolicy.js
index f69cb54c0..d22d3e50b 100644
--- a/src/navigationPolicy.js
+++ b/src/navigationPolicy.js
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ const COCKPIT_REFUSALS = Object.freeze({
   // «View coverage» button); the cyclone layer flies to the selected storm.
   weather: msg('Exit cockpit to view weather coverage'),
   cyclone: msg('Exit cockpit to fly to a cyclone'),
+  // The News panel's cards and the news layer's hotspots fly to the event.
+  news: msg('Exit cockpit to fly to a news report'),
   // Voice track_entity (TRACKABLE_FAMILIES kinds in gevActions.js) and
   // frame_overhead, which frames the contacts around the current view.
   aircraft: msg('Exit cockpit to fly to an aircraft'),
diff --git a/src/navigationPolicy.test.mjs b/src/navigationPolicy.test.mjs
index 9826846ca..661ea7918 100644
--- a/src/navigationPolicy.test.mjs
+++ b/src/navigationPolicy.test.mjs
@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ test('weather layers name their destination in the Cockpit refusal', () => {
   const expected = {
     weather: 'Exit cockpit to view weather coverage',
     cyclone: 'Exit cockpit to fly to a cyclone',
+    news: 'Exit cockpit to fly to a news report',
   };
   for (const [noun, text] of Object.entries(expected)) {
     const s = spy();
diff --git a/src/standalone/layerSources.js b/src/standalone/layerSources.js
index 2e0534a3a..d1a273455 100644
--- a/src/standalone/layerSources.js
+++ b/src/standalone/layerSources.js
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import { createCycloneSource } from '../layers/cyclones/source.js';
 import { createWindSource } from '../layers/wind/source.js';
 import { createFirmsSource } from '../layers/firms/source.js';
 import { createGhostMapsSource } from '../layers/ghostMaps/source.js';
+import { createNewsSource } from '../layers/news/source.js';
 import { createMapillarySource } from '../layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js';
 import { createReferenceSources } from '../sources/reference.js';
 export { createReferenceSources as createStandaloneReferenceSources } from '../sources/reference.js';
@@ -60,6 +61,10 @@ export function createStandaloneLayerSources(
     alpr: createAlprTileSource(),
     firms: createFirmsSource(),
     's2-ghostmaps': createGhostMapsSource(),
+    // Same-origin /api/news: the local server proxies GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN and,
+    // without it, answers "not configured", which the layer shows as
+    // unavailable without retrying.
+    news: createNewsSource(),
     wind: createWindSource(),
     weather: createWeatherSource(),
     cyclones: createCycloneSource(),
diff --git a/src/ui/layerBindings.js b/src/ui/layerBindings.js
index 60128f8e0..1ac398c38 100644
--- a/src/ui/layerBindings.js
+++ b/src/ui/layerBindings.js
@@ -147,6 +147,15 @@ export class LayerBindings {
       fires.attachShellServices({ imageryHost: this.services.imageryHost });
       this._weatherShellModules.push(fires);
     }
+    // News flies to a chosen report or hotspot through the same release.
+    const news = this._dataManager?.layers?.get('news')?.module;
+    if (typeof news?.attachShellServices === 'function') {
+      news.attachShellServices({
+        runNavigation: (navigate) =>
+          this.runImmediateNavigation('news', navigate),
+      });
+      this._weatherShellModules.push(news);
+    }
   }
 
   _persistAwarenessSelection(event, cleared = false) {
diff --git a/src/ui/layerNames.js b/src/ui/layerNames.js
index 694d57066..83f4e7833 100644
--- a/src/ui/layerNames.js
+++ b/src/ui/layerNames.js
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ export const LAYER_NAME_KEYS = Object.freeze({
   'gnss-integrity': msg('GNSS Integrity'),
   'drone-airspace': msg('Prohibited & Restricted Airspace'),
   's2-ghostmaps': msg('S2 GhostMaps'),
+  news: msg('News'),
   wind: msg('Wind'),
   'weather-radar': msg('Rain radar'),
   'weather-satellite': msg('Satellite clouds'),
diff --git a/src/ui/layerPanel.js b/src/ui/layerPanel.js
index b24e8be7b..39a840ab2 100644
--- a/src/ui/layerPanel.js
+++ b/src/ui/layerPanel.js
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
 } from './layerNames.js';
 export { localizeLayerName } from './layerNames.js';
 import { createWeatherPanel } from './weatherPanel.js';
+import { createNewsPanel } from './newsPanel.js';
 import { translateFeedError, translateStatusLine } from './statusText.js';
 import {
   formatNumber,
@@ -78,6 +79,7 @@ const PANEL_GROUPS = [
       'fire-perimeters',
       'gnss-integrity',
       's2-ghostmaps',
+      'news',
     ],
   },
   {
@@ -310,6 +312,11 @@ export class LayerPanel {
         container?.ownerDocument?.getElementById?.('weather-panel-body'),
       setLayerParams: this.setLayerParams,
     });
+    this._newsPanel?.destroy();
+    this._newsPanel = createNewsPanel({
+      container: container?.ownerDocument?.getElementById?.('news-panel-body'),
+      setLayerParams: this.setLayerParams,
+    });
     this._mountRecentImagery();
     this._renderToggles();
   }
@@ -345,6 +352,8 @@ export class LayerPanel {
     this._releaseBindings();
     this._weatherPanel?.destroy();
     this._weatherPanel = null;
+    this._newsPanel?.destroy();
+    this._newsPanel = null;
     this._recentImageryPanel?.destroy();
     this._recentImageryPanel = null;
     this._recentImageryFactory = null;
@@ -409,10 +418,12 @@ export class LayerPanel {
       onLocaleChange(() => {
         this._paint();
         this._refreshWeatherPanel();
+        this._refreshNewsPanel();
       }),
     );
     this._paint();
     this._refreshWeatherPanel();
+    this._refreshNewsPanel();
   }
 
   /** Present every row from the layers' current state and render them. */
@@ -641,6 +652,15 @@ export class LayerPanel {
     }
     this._paint();
     this._refreshWeatherPanel();
+    this._refreshNewsPanel();
+  }
+
+  /** Feed the News rail panel the view the news layer publishes while on. */
+  _refreshNewsPanel() {
+    const layer = this.getAll().find(({ id }) => id === 'news');
+    this._newsPanel?.update(
+      layer?.enabled ? this._rowControlsFor(layer.id)?.feed || null : null,
+    );
   }
 
   _buildMetaText(layer) {
diff --git a/src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue b/src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46dbe5fb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+<script setup>
+import { ref, watch } from 'vue';
+import { t } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+import UiButton from '../kit/UiButton.vue';
+
+// One event in the News panel: the publisher's
+// picture when the event has one, the headline, a mono meta line (severity
+// marker, category, place, sources, age), who reported it, and its
+// attestation and media chips. A click chooses it (the layer flies there and
+// opens its card on the globe); open, it shows the summary, the other sides'
+// reports and the link to the original article. The layer computes every
+// value shown (feedCardView in src/layers/news/model.js).
+const props = defineProps({
+  item: { type: Object, required: true },
+  open: { type: Boolean, default: false },
+  onChoose: { type: Function, default: () => {} },
+  onClear: { type: Function, default: () => {} },
+});
+
+// A picture the publisher no longer serves leaves the card without one.
+const pictureFailed = ref(false);
+const dropPicture = () => {
+  pictureFailed.value = true;
+};
+watch(
+  () => props.item.picture?.url,
+  () => (pictureFailed.value = false),
+);
+const meta = () =>
+  [
+    props.item.category,
+    props.item.place &&
+      (props.item.placedByModel
+        ? t('{place} (placed by model)', { place: props.item.place })
+        : props.item.place),
+    props.item.sources,
+    props.item.age,
+  ]
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .join(' · ');
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <article
+    class="news-card"
+    :class="{ 'is-open': open, 'is-unmapped': !item.mappable }"
+    :data-report-id="item.id"
+    :style="{ '--news-color': item.color }"
+  >
+    <button
+      type="button"
+      class="news-card__main ui-focus"
+      :aria-expanded="open ? 'true' : 'false'"
+      @click="onChoose(item)"
+    >
+      <span v-if="item.picture && !pictureFailed" class="news-card__thumb"
+        ><img
+          :src="item.picture.url"
+          alt=""
+          loading="lazy"
+          decoding="async"
+          referrerpolicy="no-referrer"
+          v-on="{ error: dropPicture }"
+        /><span v-if="item.picture.credit" class="news-card__credit">{{
+          item.picture.credit
+        }}</span></span
+      >
+      <span class="news-card__title">{{ item.title }}</span>
+      <span v-if="item.original" class="news-card__note">{{
+        t('English headline by the model')
+      }}</span>
+      <span class="news-card__meta ui-mono"
+        ><span
+          class="news-card__marker"
+          :class="{ solid: item.solid }"
+          role="img"
+          :aria-label="item.severityLabel"
+          :title="item.severityLabel"
+          ><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true">
+            <path :d="item.icon" /></svg></span
+        >{{ meta() }}</span
+      >
+      <span v-if="item.sides" class="news-card__sides">{{ item.sides }}</span>
+      <span v-if="item.chips.length" class="news-card__chips"
+        ><span
+          v-for="chip in item.chips"
+          :key="`${chip.kind}:${chip.label}`"
+          class="news-chip"
+          :class="`news-chip--${chip.kind}`"
+          >{{ chip.label }}</span
+        ></span
+      >
+    </button>
+    <div v-if="open" class="news-card__open">
+      <p v-if="item.original" class="news-card__original">{{
+        item.original
+      }}</p>
+      <p v-if="item.snippet" class="news-card__snippet">{{ item.snippet }}</p>
+      <p v-if="!item.mappable" class="news-card__note">
+        {{ t('Not placed on the map') }}
+      </p>
+      <ul v-if="item.others.length" class="news-card__others">
+        <li v-for="other in item.others" :key="other.url">
+          <span class="news-card__side ui-mono">{{ other.side }}</span
+          ><a :href="other.url" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"
+            >{{ other.publisher }}: {{ other.title }}</a
+          >
+        </li>
+      </ul>
+      <div class="news-card__actions">
+        <a
+          class="news-card__link"
+          :href="item.url"
+          target="_blank"
+          rel="noopener noreferrer"
+          >{{ item.sourceLink }}</a
+        >
+        <UiButton
+          class="data-toggle-chip news-card__clear"
+          type="button"
+          @click="onClear()"
+          >{{ t('Close') }}</UiButton
+        >
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </article>
+</template>
diff --git a/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue b/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d6fc8bce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+<script setup>
+import { computed } from 'vue';
+import { t } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+import UiButton from '../kit/UiButton.vue';
+import UiEmpty from '../kit/UiEmpty.vue';
+import UiSelect from '../kit/UiSelect.js';
+import RailChips from '../rail/RailChips.vue';
+import NewsCard from './NewsCard.vue';
+
+// The News panel: the last 24 hours only. Hotspot chips, filters, the chosen
+// event, "In view" (reports near the view centre while the camera is low)
+// and a continuous feed, newest first. It renders the `feed` view the news
+// layer publishes and acts only through `onParams`.
+const props = defineProps({
+  view: { type: Object, default: null },
+  onParams: { type: Function, default: () => {} },
+});
+
+const filters = computed(() => props.view?.filters ?? {});
+const chips = computed(() =>
+  (props.view?.hotspots ?? []).map((chip) => ({
+    id: chip.id,
+    label: `${chip.label} ${chip.count}`,
+    active: chip.active,
+    title: chip.label,
+  })),
+);
+const severityOptions = computed(() => {
+  const levels = props.view?.severities ?? [];
+  return [
+    { value: '0', label: t('Any severity') },
+    ...levels.slice(1, 3).map((level) => ({
+      value: String(level.value),
+      label: t('{severity} and above', { severity: level.label }),
+    })),
+    ...levels.slice(3).map((level) => ({
+      value: String(level.value),
+      label: t('{severity} only', { severity: level.label }),
+    })),
+  ];
+});
+const categoryOptions = computed(() => [
+  { value: 'all', label: t('All categories') },
+  ...(props.view?.categories ?? []),
+]);
+const selectedId = computed(() => props.view?.selected?.id ?? null);
+// The chosen event leads the panel unless the feed already shows it open.
+const selectedApart = computed(() => {
+  const chosen = props.view?.selected;
+  if (!chosen) return null;
+  const listed =
+    props.view.items.some((item) => item.id === chosen.id) ||
+    (props.view.inView.active &&
+      props.view.inView.items.some((item) => item.id === chosen.id));
+  return listed ? null : chosen;
+});
+const status = computed(() => {
+  const view = props.view;
+  if (!view) return '';
+  if (view.error) return view.error;
+  if (view.loading && !view.items.length) return t('Reading the news…');
+  return '';
+});
+
+const setFilter = (name, value) =>
+  props.onParams({ filters: { [name]: value } });
+function choose(item) {
+  if (item.id === selectedId.value) props.onParams({ clear: true });
+  else props.onParams({ reportId: item.id, focus: true });
+}
+const clear = () => props.onParams({ clear: true });
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <section
+    v-if="view"
+    class="news-readout"
+    :aria-label="t('News, last 24 hours')"
+  >
+    <p class="news-readout__window ui-mono">{{ t('Last 24 h') }}</p>
+    <div class="news-readout__chips" role="group" :aria-label="t('Hotspots')">
+      <RailChips
+        :chips="chips"
+        :on-select="(chip) => setFilter('hotspot', chip.id)"
+      />
+    </div>
+    <div class="news-readout__filters">
+      <UiSelect
+        class="gev-field news-filter"
+        :aria-label="t('Severity')"
+        :model-value="String(filters.minSeverity ?? 2)"
+        :options="severityOptions"
+        @update:model-value="setFilter('minSeverity', Number($event))"
+      />
+      <UiSelect
+        class="gev-field news-filter"
+        :aria-label="t('Category')"
+        :model-value="filters.category ?? 'all'"
+        :options="categoryOptions"
+        @update:model-value="setFilter('category', $event)"
+      />
+      <label class="news-toggle"
+        ><input
+          type="checkbox"
+          :checked="filters.includeMinor === true"
+          @change="setFilter('includeMinor', $event.target.checked)"
+        /><span>{{ t('Include minor news') }}</span></label
+      >
+      <label class="news-toggle"
+        ><input
+          type="checkbox"
+          :checked="filters.cards !== false"
+          @change="setFilter('cards', $event.target.checked)"
+        /><span>{{ t('Show event cards') }}</span></label
+      >
+    </div>
+
+    <NewsCard
+      v-if="selectedApart"
+      class="news-readout__selected"
+      :item="selectedApart"
+      open
+      :on-choose="choose"
+      :on-clear="clear"
+    />
+
+    <section
+      v-if="view.inView.active"
+      class="news-readout__section"
+      :aria-label="t('In view')"
+    >
+      <h3 class="news-readout__head ui-mono">{{ t('In view') }}</h3>
+      <p v-if="view.inView.error" class="news-readout__status">
+        {{ view.inView.error }}
+      </p>
+      <UiEmpty
+        v-else-if="!view.inView.items.length && !view.inView.loading"
+        class="news-readout__empty"
+        :title="t('Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h')"
+      />
+      <ol
+        v-else
+        class="news-readout__list"
+        :class="{ 'is-stale': view.inView.loading }"
+        :aria-busy="view.inView.loading ? 'true' : 'false'"
+      >
+        <li v-for="item in view.inView.items" :key="item.id">
+          <NewsCard
+            :item="item"
+            :open="item.id === selectedId"
+            :on-choose="choose"
+            :on-clear="clear"
+          />
+        </li>
+      </ol>
+    </section>
+
+    <section class="news-readout__section" :aria-label="t('Latest news')">
+      <h3 class="news-readout__head ui-mono">{{ t('Latest') }}</h3>
+      <ol
+        v-if="view.items.length"
+        class="news-readout__list news-readout__feed"
+      >
+        <li v-for="item in view.items" :key="item.id">
+          <NewsCard
+            :item="item"
+            :open="item.id === selectedId"
+            :on-choose="choose"
+            :on-clear="clear"
+          />
+        </li>
+      </ol>
+      <UiEmpty
+        v-else-if="!view.loading && !view.error"
+        class="news-readout__empty"
+        :title="t('No news matches these filters in the last 24 h')"
+      />
+      <div class="news-readout__footer">
+        <span class="news-readout__status" role="status">{{ status }}</span>
+        <UiButton
+          v-if="view.hasMore && !view.loading"
+          class="data-toggle-chip"
+          type="button"
+          @click="onParams({ loadMore: true })"
+          >{{ t('Load older news') }}</UiButton
+        >
+      </div>
+    </section>
+
+    <details class="news-legend">
+      <summary>{{ t('How to read the map') }}</summary>
+      <p>{{ t('Colour: severity · icon: type of event') }}</p>
+      <ul class="news-legend__severity">
+        <li
+          v-for="level in view.severities"
+          :key="level.value"
+          :style="{ '--news-color': level.color }"
+        >
+          {{ level.label }}
+        </li>
+      </ul>
+      <p>{{
+        t(
+          'Solid rim: reported by both sides or independently. Dashed rim: a claim. Thin rim: one source, or one side’s own press.',
+        )
+      }}</p>
+      <p>{{
+        t(
+          'Larger: more sources · fainter: older. Picture card: a major or fast-growing event with two or more sources.',
+        )
+      }}</p>
+      <p>{{
+        t('Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.')
+      }}</p>
+    </details>
+  </section>
+</template>
diff --git a/src/ui/newsPanel.js b/src/ui/newsPanel.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78fd6ea24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/newsPanel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import { h, render as renderVue } from 'vue';
+import NewsFeed from './news/NewsFeed.vue';
+
+const LAYER_ID = 'news';
+const LOAD_MORE_MARGIN_PX = 160;
+// Remounting must not reopen a panel the reader already collapsed.
+const appearedPanels = new WeakSet();
+const set = (node, key, value) => {
+  if (node[key] !== value) node[key] = value;
+};
+
+/**
+ * The News rail panel (`#news-panel`): it renders the `feed` view the news
+ * layer publishes through its row controls, shows itself only while the
+ * layer is on, and acts only through setLayerParams. Near the bottom of its
+ * scroller it asks for the next older page, once per page.
+ */
+export function createNewsPanel({ container, setLayerParams = () => {} } = {}) {
+  const document = container?.ownerDocument;
+  if (!document?.createElement) return null;
+  const panel = container.closest?.('#news-panel');
+  const count = panel?.querySelector('#news-panel-count');
+  const onParams = (params) =>
+    setLayerParams(LAYER_ID, params, { origin: 'user' });
+  let view = null;
+  let destroyed = false;
+  let requestedAt = -1;
+
+  function render() {
+    if (destroyed) return;
+    renderVue(h(NewsFeed, { view, onParams }), container);
+    const hidden = !view;
+    if (panel) set(panel, 'hidden', hidden);
+    if (count) set(count, 'textContent', String(view?.items.length ?? 0));
+    if (!hidden && panel && !appearedPanels.has(panel)) {
+      appearedPanels.add(panel);
+      // First appearance opens the panel unless a stored or shared collapse
+      // choice exists (marked by the panel chrome when it restored the state).
+      const preference = panel.dataset?.collapsedPreference;
+      if (
+        panel.classList?.contains('collapsed') &&
+        (preference === undefined || preference === 'default')
+      )
+        panel.querySelector('[data-collapse-target="news-panel"]')?.click();
+    }
+  }
+
+  const onScroll = () => {
+    if (!view?.hasMore || view.loading) return;
+    const remaining =
+      container.scrollHeight - container.scrollTop - container.clientHeight;
+    if (remaining > LOAD_MORE_MARGIN_PX) return;
+    if (requestedAt === view.items.length) return;
+    requestedAt = view.items.length;
+    onParams({ loadMore: true });
+  };
+  container.addEventListener?.('scroll', onScroll, { passive: true });
+
+  return {
+    /** Show the layer's feed view, or hide the panel with null. */
+    update(next) {
+      view = next || null;
+      render();
+    },
+    destroy() {
+      destroyed = true;
+      container.removeEventListener?.('scroll', onScroll);
+      renderVue(null, container);
+      if (panel) set(panel, 'hidden', true);
+      if (count) set(count, 'textContent', '0');
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs b/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71346fdc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+import '../testSupport/registerDom.mjs';
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { createNewsPanel } from './newsPanel.js';
+import {
+  NEWS_CATEGORIES,
+  NEWS_SEVERITY,
+  categoryLabel,
+  feedCardView,
+  normalizeFilters,
+} from '../layers/news/model.js';
+
+const NOW = Date.parse('2026-10-28T10:00:00Z');
+const report = (id, extra = {}) => ({
+  id,
+  title: `Report ${id}`,
+  url: `https://www.example.com/${id}`,
+  publishedAt: '2026-10-28T09:00:00.000Z',
+  publisher: 'Example',
+  side: 'UA',
+  category: 'strike',
+  severity: 2,
+  geo: { lat: 50, lon: 36, place: 'Kharkiv', mappable: true },
+  pins: [{ lat: 50, lon: 36, place: 'Kharkiv', mappable: true }],
+  event: null,
+  media: [],
+  ...extra,
+});
+const big = report('big', {
+  severity: 3,
+  titleEn: 'Strike on Kharkiv',
+  title: 'Удар по Харкову',
+  media: ['video'],
+  event: {
+    size: 4,
+    severity: 3,
+    status: 'both-sides',
+    lastAt: '2026-10-28T09:50:00.000Z',
+    sides: [
+      { side: 'UA', title: 'a', url: 'https://a.test/', publisher: 'A' },
+      { side: 'RU', title: 'b', url: 'https://b.test/', publisher: 'B' },
+    ],
+    image: { url: 'https://a.test/p.jpg', publisher: 'A' },
+  },
+});
+
+function view(extra = {}) {
+  return {
+    filters: normalizeFilters(),
+    hotspots: [
+      { id: 'all', label: 'All', count: 7, active: true },
+      { id: 'ua-ru-war', label: 'Ukraine–Russia', count: 7, active: false },
+    ],
+    categories: Object.keys(NEWS_CATEGORIES).map((id) => ({
+      value: id,
+      label: categoryLabel(id),
+    })),
+    severities: NEWS_SEVERITY.map((level, index) => ({
+      value: index,
+      label: level.label,
+      color: level.color,
+    })),
+    items: [feedCardView(big, NOW), feedCardView(report('lone'), NOW)],
+    inView: { active: false, loading: false, error: null, items: [] },
+    selected: null,
+    hasMore: true,
+    loading: false,
+    error: null,
+    ...extra,
+  };
+}
+
+function fixture() {
+  document.body.innerHTML = `
+    <div id="news-panel" class="collapsed" hidden>
+      <span id="news-panel-count">0</span>
+      <button data-collapse-target="news-panel"></button>
+      <div id="news-panel-body"></div>
+    </div>`;
+  const panel = document.getElementById('news-panel');
+  let opened = 0;
+  panel
+    .querySelector('[data-collapse-target]')
+    .addEventListener('click', () => {
+      opened++;
+      panel.classList.remove('collapsed');
+    });
+  const calls = [];
+  const news = createNewsPanel({
+    container: document.getElementById('news-panel-body'),
+    setLayerParams: (id, params, options) => calls.push([id, params, options]),
+  });
+  return { news, panel, calls, opened: () => opened };
+}
+
+test('the panel shows the last 24 h as event cards and opens once', () => {
+  const { news, panel, opened } = fixture();
+  news.update(null);
+  assert.equal(panel.hidden, true);
+  news.update(view());
+  assert.equal(panel.hidden, false);
+  assert.equal(opened(), 1);
+  assert.equal(document.getElementById('news-panel-count').textContent, '2');
+  assert.equal(
+    panel.querySelector('.news-readout__window').textContent,
+    'Last 24 h',
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [...panel.querySelectorAll('.data-toggle-chip[data-chip-id]')].map(
+      (chip) => chip.textContent,
+    ),
+    ['All 7', 'Ukraine–Russia 7'],
+  );
+  const [first, second] = panel.querySelectorAll(
+    '.news-readout__feed .news-card',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    first.querySelector('.news-card__title').textContent,
+    'Strike on Kharkiv',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    first.querySelector('.news-card__note').textContent,
+    'English headline by the model',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    first.querySelector('.news-card__meta').textContent,
+    'Strike · Kharkiv · 4 sources · 10 min',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    first.querySelector('.news-card__marker').getAttribute('aria-label'),
+    'Major',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    first.querySelector('.news-card__sides').textContent,
+    'Reported by UA sources · RU sources',
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [...first.querySelectorAll('.news-chip')].map((c) => c.textContent),
+    ['Reported by both sides', 'Video'],
+  );
+  const img = first.querySelector('.news-card__thumb img');
+  assert.equal(img.getAttribute('src'), 'https://a.test/p.jpg');
+  assert.equal(img.getAttribute('referrerpolicy'), 'no-referrer');
+  assert.equal(first.querySelector('.news-card__credit').textContent, 'A');
+  // A lone report has no picture.
+  assert.equal(second.querySelector('.news-card__thumb'), null);
+  // A later update does not reopen a panel the reader collapsed.
+  panel.classList.add('collapsed');
+  news.update(view());
+  assert.equal(opened(), 1);
+  news.destroy();
+  assert.equal(panel.hidden, true);
+});
+
+test('a card click flies there; open, it links the source and closes', () => {
+  const { news, panel, calls } = fixture();
+  news.update(view());
+  panel.querySelector('.news-card__main').click();
+  assert.deepEqual(calls.at(-1), [
+    'news',
+    { reportId: 'big', focus: true },
+    { origin: 'user' },
+  ]);
+  news.update(view({ selected: feedCardView(big, NOW) }));
+  const open = panel.querySelector('.news-card.is-open');
+  const link = open.querySelector('.news-card__link');
+  assert.equal(link.textContent, 'Source: example.com ↗');
+  assert.equal(link.getAttribute('href'), 'https://www.example.com/big');
+  assert.equal(link.getAttribute('rel'), 'noopener noreferrer');
+  assert.equal(
+    open.querySelector('.news-card__original').textContent,
+    'Удар по Харкову',
+  );
+  open.querySelector('.news-card__main').click();
+  assert.deepEqual(calls.at(-1)[1], { clear: true });
+  news.destroy();
+});
+
+test('filters, In view and empty or failed reads', () => {
+  const { news, panel, calls } = fixture();
+  news.update(view());
+  assert.equal(panel.querySelector('[aria-label="In view"]'), null);
+  const severity = panel.querySelector('select[aria-label="Severity"]');
+  assert.equal(severity.value, '2');
+  severity.value = '3';
+  severity.dispatchEvent(new Event('change'));
+  assert.deepEqual(calls.at(-1)[1], { filters: { minSeverity: 3 } });
+  const [minor, cards] = panel.querySelectorAll('.news-toggle input');
+  assert.equal(minor.checked, false);
+  assert.equal(cards.checked, true);
+  cards.checked = false;
+  cards.dispatchEvent(new Event('change'));
+  assert.deepEqual(calls.at(-1)[1], { filters: { cards: false } });
+  panel.querySelector('[data-chip-id="ua-ru-war"]').click();
+  assert.deepEqual(calls.at(-1)[1], { filters: { hotspot: 'ua-ru-war' } });
+
+  news.update(
+    view({
+      inView: { active: true, loading: false, error: null, items: [] },
+      items: [],
+      hasMore: false,
+    }),
+  );
+  const section = panel.querySelector('[aria-label="In view"]');
+  assert.match(
+    section.textContent,
+    /Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h/,
+  );
+  assert.match(
+    panel.textContent,
+    /No news matches these filters in the last 24 h/,
+  );
+  assert.equal(panel.querySelector('.news-readout__footer button'), null);
+
+  news.update(
+    view({ items: [], error: 'News feed unavailable', hasMore: false }),
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    panel.querySelector('.news-readout__status').textContent,
+    'News feed unavailable',
+  );
+  news.destroy();
+});
diff --git a/src/ui/panelChrome.js b/src/ui/panelChrome.js
index 439c1d77c..c5da55c43 100644
--- a/src/ui/panelChrome.js
+++ b/src/ui/panelChrome.js
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ const SHARE_PANEL_STATE_SPECS = Object.freeze([
   { id: 'data-panel' },
   { id: 'cctv-panel' },
   { id: 'weather-panel' },
+  { id: 'news-panel' },
   { id: 'recent-imagery-panel' },
   { id: 'street-level-panel' },
   { id: 'radio-panel' },
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ const COCKPIT_ENTRY_COLLAPSE_PANEL_IDS = Object.freeze([
   'data-panel',
   'cctv-panel',
   'weather-panel',
+  'news-panel',
   'recent-imagery-panel',
   'street-level-panel',
   'scene-panel',
diff --git a/src/ui/panelLayoutController.js b/src/ui/panelLayoutController.js
index dddedf575..0c525a758 100644
--- a/src/ui/panelLayoutController.js
+++ b/src/ui/panelLayoutController.js
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ export class PanelLayoutController {
     this._ppToggles = document.getElementById('pp-toggles');
     this._cctvPanel = document.getElementById('cctv-panel');
     this._weatherPanel = document.getElementById('weather-panel');
+    this._newsPanel = document.getElementById('news-panel');
     this._recentImageryPanel = document.getElementById('recent-imagery-panel');
     this._streetLevelPanel = document.getElementById('street-level-panel');
   }
@@ -191,6 +192,7 @@ export class PanelLayoutController {
     for (const panel of [
       this._cctvPanel,
       this._weatherPanel,
+      this._newsPanel,
       this._recentImageryPanel,
       this._streetLevelPanel,
     ]) {
@@ -206,6 +208,7 @@ export class PanelLayoutController {
         this._ppToggles,
         this._cctvPanel,
         this._weatherPanel,
+        this._newsPanel,
         this._recentImageryPanel,
         this._streetLevelPanel,
         globalContextPanel,
diff --git a/src/ui/panelRailCatalog.js b/src/ui/panelRailCatalog.js
index 7309c7f21..dbda77dcd 100644
--- a/src/ui/panelRailCatalog.js
+++ b/src/ui/panelRailCatalog.js
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ export const PANEL_RAIL_ITEMS = Object.freeze({
   'pp-toggles': { icon: 'tune', label: msg('DISPLAY') },
   'cctv-panel': { icon: 'videocam', label: msg('CCTV') },
   'weather-panel': { icon: 'partly_cloudy_day', label: msg('WEATHER') },
+  'news-panel': { icon: 'public', label: msg('NEWS') },
   'recent-imagery-panel': {
     icon: 'satellite_alt',
     label: msg('RECENT IMAGERY'),
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/news.css b/src/ui/styles/news.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b70f2004
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/styles/news.css
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+/* News rail panel (#news-panel): the last 24 hours as a doom-scroll of event
+   cards drawn with GEV's own tokens. Colour is
+   severity only (the layer sets --news-color per card); never a side. The
+   rail owns placement and height; only the body scrolls. */
+.news-panel-inner {
+  position: relative;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 8px;
+  min-height: 0;
+  max-height: 100%;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  padding: 14px;
+  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
+  border-radius: var(--panel-radius);
+  background: var(--glass-bg);
+  backdrop-filter: blur(24px) saturate(1.4);
+  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(24px) saturate(1.4);
+  box-shadow:
+    0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5),
+    0 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03) inset,
+    0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06) inset;
+}
+#news-panel .panel-glow {
+  position: absolute;
+  inset: -18px;
+  background: radial-gradient(
+    ellipse at center,
+    rgba(0, 212, 255, 0.16) 0%,
+    transparent 65%
+  );
+  filter: blur(16px);
+  opacity: 0.25;
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+#news-panel .panel-header {
+  flex: 0 0 auto;
+}
+#news-panel-count {
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+  font: 9px var(--font-mono);
+}
+#news-panel-body {
+  min-height: 0;
+  max-height: calc(var(--right-stack-max-height, 50svh) - 64px);
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  overscroll-behavior: contain;
+}
+#news-panel.collapsed #news-panel-body,
+#news-panel[hidden] {
+  display: none !important;
+}
+#right-context-rail > #news-panel {
+  position: relative;
+  inset: auto;
+  flex: 0 0 auto;
+  width: 100%;
+  max-height: 100%;
+  pointer-events: auto;
+}
+#right-context-rail > #news-panel:not(.collapsed) {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  flex-shrink: 1;
+  min-height: 0;
+}
+#right-context-rail.layout-focus > #news-panel:not(.collapsed) {
+  flex: 0 1 var(--right-panel-allocated-height);
+  height: var(--right-panel-allocated-height);
+  min-height: 0;
+  max-height: var(--right-panel-allocated-height);
+}
+#right-context-rail.layout-focus
+  > #news-panel:not(.collapsed)
+  .news-panel-inner {
+  height: 100%;
+}
+#right-context-rail[data-rail-measuring]
+  > #news-panel:not(.collapsed)
+  > .news-panel-inner {
+  height: auto !important;
+}
+#right-context-rail #news-panel.collapsed {
+  width: var(--right-display-collapsed-width);
+  margin-inline-start: auto;
+}
+#right-context-rail #news-panel.collapsed .news-panel-inner {
+  height: 50px;
+  min-height: 50px;
+  padding-bottom: 10px;
+}
+@media (max-width: 720px) {
+  #right-context-rail #news-panel.collapsed {
+    width: 100%;
+  }
+}
+:root[data-ui-theme='cyber'] .news-panel-inner {
+  border-radius: 0;
+  clip-path: var(--cyber-panel-frame);
+  box-shadow: var(--cyber-panel-shadow);
+}
+
+.news-readout {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 10px;
+  min-width: 0;
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  font: 11px/1.4 var(--font-sans);
+}
+.news-readout__window,
+.news-readout__head {
+  margin: 0;
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+  font: 600 9px var(--font-mono);
+  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+}
+.news-readout__chips {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  gap: 4px;
+}
+.news-readout__filters {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
+  gap: 6px;
+}
+.news-filter {
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+.news-toggle {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+  font-size: 10px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+.news-toggle input {
+  accent-color: var(--accent);
+}
+.news-readout__section {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 6px;
+}
+.news-readout__list {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 6px;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 0;
+  list-style: none;
+}
+.news-readout__list.is-stale {
+  opacity: 0.5;
+}
+.news-readout__status,
+.news-readout__empty {
+  color: var(--text-dim);
+  font: 10px var(--font-mono);
+}
+.news-readout__footer {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  gap: 8px;
+}
+
+.news-card {
+  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
+  border-inline-start: 3px solid var(--news-color, var(--glass-border));
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);
+}
+.news-card:hover,
+.news-card.is-open {
+  border-color: var(--glass-border-hover);
+  border-inline-start-color: var(--news-color);
+  background: rgba(0, 212, 255, 0.06);
+}
+.news-card.is-unmapped .news-card__title {
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+}
+.news-card__main {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 96px 1fr;
+  column-gap: 8px;
+  row-gap: 3px;
+  width: 100%;
+  padding: 6px;
+  border: 0;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: inherit;
+  font: inherit;
+  text-align: start;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+.news-card__main > :not(.news-card__thumb) {
+  grid-column: 1 / -1;
+}
+.news-card__thumb ~ * {
+  grid-column: 2 !important;
+}
+.news-card__thumb {
+  position: relative;
+  grid-row: 1 / span 5;
+  width: 96px;
+  height: 64px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: var(--bg-dark);
+}
+.news-card__thumb img {
+  width: 100%;
+  height: 100%;
+  object-fit: cover;
+}
+.news-card__credit {
+  position: absolute;
+  inset-inline-end: 0;
+  bottom: 0;
+  max-width: 100%;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  padding: 0 4px;
+  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  font-size: 8px;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+.news-card__title {
+  display: -webkit-box;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
+  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  line-height: 1.3;
+}
+.news-card__note,
+.news-card__sides {
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+  font-size: 10px;
+}
+.news-card__meta {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 5px;
+  min-width: 0;
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+  font: 10px var(--font-mono);
+}
+.news-card__marker {
+  flex: none;
+  display: inline-grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  width: 14px;
+  height: 14px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: var(--news-color);
+}
+.news-card__marker svg {
+  width: 9px;
+  height: 9px;
+  fill: none;
+  stroke: var(--bg-dark);
+  stroke-width: 1.8;
+  stroke-linecap: round;
+  stroke-linejoin: round;
+}
+.news-card__marker.solid svg {
+  fill: var(--bg-dark);
+  stroke: none;
+}
+.news-card__chips {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  gap: 4px;
+}
+.news-chip {
+  padding: 1px 6px;
+  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border-hover);
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+  font: 9px var(--font-mono);
+}
+.news-chip--official,
+.news-chip--confirmed {
+  border-color: rgba(0, 212, 255, 0.45);
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+}
+.news-chip--claimed {
+  border-style: dashed;
+}
+.news-card__open {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 6px;
+  padding: 0 8px 8px;
+}
+.news-card__original,
+.news-card__snippet {
+  margin: 0;
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  font-size: 11px;
+}
+.news-card__original {
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+}
+.news-card__others {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 3px;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 0;
+  list-style: none;
+  font-size: 10px;
+}
+.news-card__others a,
+.news-card__link {
+  color: var(--accent);
+  text-decoration: none;
+  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
+}
+.news-card__others a:hover,
+.news-card__link:hover {
+  text-decoration: underline;
+}
+.news-card__side {
+  margin-inline-end: 6px;
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+}
+.news-card__actions {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  gap: 8px;
+  font: 10px var(--font-mono);
+}
+.news-legend {
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+  font-size: 10px;
+}
+.news-legend summary {
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+.news-legend p {
+  margin: 4px 0;
+}
+.news-legend__severity {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  gap: 4px 10px;
+  margin: 4px 0;
+  padding: 0;
+  list-style: none;
+}
+.news-legend__severity li::before {
+  content: '';
+  display: inline-block;
+  width: 8px;
+  height: 8px;
+  margin-inline-end: 4px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: var(--news-color);
+}
+@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
+  .news-card,
+  .news-readout__list {
+    transition:
+      background var(--transition-fast),
+      border-color var(--transition-fast),
+      opacity var(--transition-fast);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/ui/views/ContextView.vue b/src/ui/views/ContextView.vue
index c40665fe4..a0236afb2 100644
--- a/src/ui/views/ContextView.vue
+++ b/src/ui/views/ContextView.vue
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ const sceneRuntime = computed(() => scenePanel.value?.runtime ?? '');
       <template #badge><span id="weather-panel-count" :aria-label="t('Active weather products')">0</span></template>
       <div id="weather-panel-body" class="ui-scroll" data-rail-scroller></div>
     </RailPanel>
+    <RailPanel id="news-panel" hidden :title="t('NEWS')" sideways rail-scroller>
+      <template #badge><span id="news-panel-count" :aria-label="t('News items in the feed')">0</span></template>
+      <div id="news-panel-body" class="ui-scroll" data-rail-scroller></div>
+    </RailPanel>
     <RailPanel id="recent-imagery-panel" hidden :title="t('RECENT IMAGERY')" sideways rail-scroller>
       <template #badge><span id="recent-imagery-panel-count" :aria-label="t('Imagery days in the box')"></span></template>
       <div id="recent-imagery-panel-body" class="ui-scroll" data-rail-scroller></div>
diff --git a/src/voice/layerManifest.js b/src/voice/layerManifest.js
index 1234fb61e..eea64173e 100644
--- a/src/voice/layerManifest.js
+++ b/src/voice/layerManifest.js
@@ -457,6 +457,7 @@ export const VOICE_OFF_LAYERS = Object.freeze({
   // query for this layer wait until there is room.
   'drone-airspace':
     'informational airspace layer; no room in the prompt budget',
+  news: 'browsed in the News panel; voice tools are a later step',
 });
 
 const TYPE_NAMES = Object.freeze({
diff --git a/style.css b/style.css
index 1f4b5a7ab..4d8f99837 100644
--- a/style.css
+++ b/style.css
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 @import './src/ui/styles/provider-settings.css';
 @import './src/ui/styles/locale-picker.css';
 @import './src/ui/styles/weather.css';
+@import './src/ui/styles/news.css';
 @import './src/ui/styles/panel-surfaces.css';
 @import './src/ui/styles/segmented-control.css';
 @import './src/ui/styles/kit.css';

From 138cc77a11d24fc679621531a8d5acb89255a8a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 2026 02:40:34 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 040/181] Export the news proxy so a host's local server can
 mount it

`./server/providers/news` (node) with its own package boundary, so a host composing its own local providers can serve /api/news from GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN as Core's standalone server does.
---
 package.json                    |  3 +++
 scripts/package-boundaries.json | 14 ++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index c267cef79..c43c45c39 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -134,6 +134,9 @@
     "./server/providers/regional": {
       "node": "./server/providers/regional.js"
     },
+    "./server/providers/news": {
+      "node": "./server/providers/news.js"
+    },
     "./server/providers/openai": {
       "node": "./server/providers/openai.js"
     },
diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index 8e3591938..ca8491892 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -491,6 +491,20 @@
     ],
     "external": []
   },
+  "news-provider": {
+    "runtime": "node",
+    "exports": ["./server/providers/news"],
+    "modules": [
+      "server/providers/news.js",
+      "server/providers/common/http.js",
+      "src/layers/news/source.js",
+      "src/layers/news/records.js",
+      "src/sources/httpBody.js",
+      "src/sources/capability.js",
+      "src/i18n/marker.js"
+    ],
+    "external": []
+  },
   "openai-provider": {
     "runtime": "node",
     "exports": ["./server/providers/openai"],

From e95ae7b80cd2f7b82cfe8f2b7ba83e6b95db286f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 2026 02:48:53 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 041/181] Keep the news layer inside its day and its memory
 bounds

From review of the news layer:
- An event's other sides older than 24 hours (or undated) are no longer
  listed, and a report dated more than 15 minutes ahead is outside the
  window, as in the regional brief.
- Picture cards are one canvas per event in a bounded cache (24), repainted
  in place when the age changes, with each card's picture dropped with it;
  the age in the key had made a new canvas every minute.
- The feed list drops reports that leave the window and is capped at 600.
- "In view" is filtered from the reports the layer already holds; it reads
  the feed only with minor news on, once per refresh, never per pan.
- Infinite scroll restarts after a filter change or a failed read.
- The two filter selects stack, so "Significant and above" is not cut off.
- The timeout tests hold the event loop until aborted, so they pass on
  Node 22 as well.
---
 server/providers/news.test.mjs  |  12 ++-
 src/layers/news/cards.js        |  77 +++++++++++++------
 src/layers/news/cards.test.mjs  | 120 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/news/index.js        |  44 +++++++----
 src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs  |  97 ++++++++++++++++++++----
 src/layers/news/model.js        |  83 +++++++++++++++------
 src/layers/news/model.test.mjs  | 126 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/layers/news/source.test.mjs |  18 +++--
 src/ui/newsPanel.js             |  10 ++-
 src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs       |  59 ++++++++++++++-
 src/ui/styles/news.css          |   4 +-
 11 files changed, 560 insertions(+), 90 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/layers/news/cards.test.mjs

diff --git a/server/providers/news.test.mjs b/server/providers/news.test.mjs
index 31e3ad4bb..73defce9f 100644
--- a/server/providers/news.test.mjs
+++ b/server/providers/news.test.mjs
@@ -124,10 +124,16 @@ test('upstream failures, bad JSON and timeouts become bounded errors', async ()
   const slow = mount({
     origin: () => 'https://news.example',
     timeoutMs: 10,
+    // AbortSignal.timeout does not hold the event loop open: the hanging
+    // fetch does, until its signal aborts, so the run cannot end before it.
     fetchImpl: (_url, { signal }) =>
-      new Promise((_, reject) =>
-        signal.addEventListener('abort', () => reject(signal.reason)),
-      ),
+      new Promise((_, reject) => {
+        const alive = setTimeout(() => {}, 60_000);
+        signal.addEventListener('abort', () => {
+          clearTimeout(alive);
+          reject(signal.reason);
+        });
+      }),
   });
   const timedOut = await slow('/hotspots');
   assert.equal(timedOut.status, 504);
diff --git a/src/layers/news/cards.js b/src/layers/news/cards.js
index 75b9932eb..3e5902ee4 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/cards.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/cards.js
@@ -22,10 +22,23 @@ const SCALE = 2; // canvas pixels per CSS pixel
 const TITLE_FONT = '600 11px Inter, "Noto Sans Arabic", system-ui, sans-serif';
 const META_FONT = '9px "JetBrains Mono", "Noto Sans Arabic", monospace';
 const CREDIT_FONT = '8px Inter, "Noto Sans Arabic", system-ui, sans-serif';
-const MAX_CARDS = 200;
+// The map shows about ten cards plus the clicked one; a few more stay ready
+// for a pan back. The least recently drawn card goes, and its picture with it.
+export const MAX_CARDS = 24;
 
 const pictures = new Map(); // url → {image, state: 'loading'|'ok'|'failed', waiters}
-const cards = new Map(); // key → canvas
+const cards = new Map(); // event id → {canvas, key, view, look, pic}, oldest first
+
+/** Forget a picture no kept card shows any more. */
+function releasePicture(url) {
+  if (!url || [...cards.values()].some((card) => card.view.image === url))
+    return;
+  const entry = pictures.get(url);
+  if (!entry) return;
+  entry.waiters.clear();
+  entry.image.onload = entry.image.onerror = null;
+  pictures.delete(url);
+}
 
 function picture(url, onLoad) {
   let entry = pictures.get(url);
@@ -176,31 +189,51 @@ function paint(canvas, view, look, pic) {
 }
 
 /**
- * The canvas of an event's card. `onChange` runs when its picture arrives and
- * the canvas has been repainted (ask the scene for a frame).
+ * The canvas of an event's card, one per event: a change in what it shows
+ * (the age in its meta line ticks by the minute) repaints the same canvas.
+ * `onChange` runs when its picture arrives and the canvas has been repainted
+ * (ask the scene for a frame).
  * @returns {HTMLCanvasElement|null} null where there is no canvas
  */
 export function eventCard(id, view, look, onChange) {
-  const key = `${id}|${look.severity}|${look.category}|${look.rim}|${view.image || ''}|${view.title}|${view.meta}`;
-  if (cards.has(key)) return cards.get(key);
-  const canvas = globalThis.document?.createElement?.('canvas');
-  if (
-    !canvas?.getContext?.('2d') ||
-    typeof globalThis.Path2D !== 'function' ||
-    typeof globalThis.Image !== 'function'
-  )
-    return null;
-  canvas.width = CARD_W * SCALE;
-  canvas.height = CARD_H * SCALE;
-  const pic = view.image
+  const key = `${look.severity}|${look.category}|${look.rim}|${view.image || ''}|${view.credit || ''}|${view.title}|${view.meta}`;
+  let card = cards.get(id);
+  if (card) {
+    // Most recently drawn last.
+    cards.delete(id);
+    cards.set(id, card);
+    if (card.key === key) return card.canvas;
+  } else {
+    const canvas = globalThis.document?.createElement?.('canvas');
+    if (
+      !canvas?.getContext?.('2d') ||
+      typeof globalThis.Path2D !== 'function' ||
+      typeof globalThis.Image !== 'function'
+    )
+      return null;
+    canvas.width = CARD_W * SCALE;
+    canvas.height = CARD_H * SCALE;
+    card = { canvas, key: null, view: {}, look, pic: null };
+    cards.set(id, card);
+    while (cards.size > MAX_CARDS) {
+      const [oldest, gone] = cards.entries().next().value;
+      cards.delete(oldest);
+      releasePicture(gone.view.image);
+    }
+  }
+  const previous = card.view.image;
+  card.key = key;
+  card.view = view;
+  card.look = look;
+  const shown = card;
+  card.pic = view.image
     ? picture(view.image, () => {
-        paint(canvas, view, look, pic);
+        if (cards.get(id) !== shown || shown.view.image !== view.image) return;
+        paint(shown.canvas, shown.view, shown.look, shown.pic);
         onChange?.();
       })
     : null;
-  paint(canvas, view, look, pic);
-  // Old cards go once there are many; the newest keys win.
-  if (cards.size >= MAX_CARDS) cards.delete(cards.keys().next().value);
-  cards.set(key, canvas);
-  return canvas;
+  if (previous && previous !== view.image) releasePicture(previous);
+  paint(card.canvas, view, look, card.pic);
+  return card.canvas;
 }
diff --git a/src/layers/news/cards.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/cards.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82dd03c56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/news/cards.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { MAX_CARDS, eventCard } from './cards.js';
+
+const look = { severity: 3, category: 'strike', rim: 'confirmed', size: 20 };
+const view = (extra = {}) => ({
+  title: 'Strike on Kharkiv',
+  meta: '10 min · 6 sources · UA, RU',
+  image: 'https://a.test/p.jpg',
+  credit: 'A',
+  ...extra,
+});
+
+// Node has no canvas: a 2D context that accepts every call, and an Image that
+// records what was asked for.
+function fakeBrowser(t) {
+  const saved = {
+    document: globalThis.document,
+    Path2D: globalThis.Path2D,
+    Image: globalThis.Image,
+  };
+  const images = [];
+  const ctx = new Proxy(
+    {},
+    {
+      get: (_target, name) =>
+        name === 'measureText'
+          ? (text) => ({ width: String(text).length * 5 })
+          : name === 'createLinearGradient'
+            ? () => ({ addColorStop() {} })
+            : () => {},
+      set: () => true,
+    },
+  );
+  let canvases = 0;
+  globalThis.document = {
+    createElement: () => {
+      canvases++;
+      return { getContext: () => ctx };
+    },
+  };
+  globalThis.Path2D = class {};
+  globalThis.Image = class {
+    constructor() {
+      images.push(this);
+    }
+  };
+  t.after(() => {
+    for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(saved))
+      if (value === undefined) delete globalThis[name];
+      else globalThis[name] = value;
+  });
+  return { images, canvases: () => canvases };
+}
+
+test('a card keeps one canvas per event while its age ticks', (t) => {
+  const browser = fakeBrowser(t);
+  const first = eventCard('ev-a', view(), look);
+  assert.ok(first);
+  // The meta line's minute-level age changes: the same canvas, repainted.
+  const later = eventCard('ev-a', view({ meta: '11 min · 6 sources' }), look);
+  assert.equal(later, first);
+  assert.equal(browser.canvases(), 1);
+  // One picture request for the event, however often it is drawn.
+  assert.equal(browser.images.length, 1);
+  // Its picture arriving repaints and asks for a frame once; a card with no
+  // picture never does.
+  let frames = 0;
+  const pictured = eventCard(
+    'ev-b',
+    view({ image: 'https://b.test/p.jpg' }),
+    look,
+    () => frames++,
+  );
+  assert.ok(pictured);
+  browser.images.at(-1).onload();
+  assert.equal(frames, 1);
+  assert.ok(eventCard('ev-c', view({ image: null }), look));
+});
+
+test('the card cache is bounded and evicts pictures with their cards', (t) => {
+  const browser = fakeBrowser(t);
+  const kept = eventCard('keep', view({ image: 'https://k.test/0.jpg' }), look);
+  for (let i = 0; i < MAX_CARDS * 3; i++) {
+    eventCard(`ev-${i}`, view({ image: `https://p.test/${i}.jpg` }), look);
+    // A card drawn every frame stays: the least recently drawn goes first.
+    assert.equal(
+      eventCard('keep', view({ image: 'https://k.test/0.jpg' }), look),
+      kept,
+    );
+  }
+  const requested = browser.images.length;
+  // The first event was evicted with its picture: drawing it again paints a
+  // new canvas and asks for the picture anew.
+  const again = eventCard(
+    'ev-0',
+    view({ image: 'https://p.test/0.jpg' }),
+    look,
+  );
+  assert.ok(again);
+  assert.equal(browser.images.length, requested + 1);
+  // Evicted pictures are let go: their load handlers are cleared.
+  assert.equal(browser.images[1].onload, null);
+  // The recent ones are still cached.
+  const recent = MAX_CARDS * 3 - 1;
+  eventCard(
+    `ev-${recent}`,
+    view({ image: `https://p.test/${recent}.jpg` }),
+    look,
+  );
+  assert.equal(browser.images.length, requested + 1);
+});
+
+test('without a canvas no card is made and nothing is cached', (t) => {
+  fakeBrowser(t);
+  globalThis.document = { createElement: () => ({ getContext: () => null }) };
+  assert.equal(eventCard('none', view(), look), null);
+  globalThis.document = undefined;
+  assert.equal(eventCard('none', view(), look), null);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/news/index.js b/src/layers/news/index.js
index 2f8c08f90..c097ab149 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/index.js
@@ -80,11 +80,13 @@ const emptyFeed = () => ({
   loading: false,
   error: null,
 });
+// `minor` holds the day's reports with minor news included, read once while
+// that filter is on; otherwise In view uses the map's own reports.
 const emptyInView = () => ({
   active: false,
   cell: null,
   centre: null,
-  reports: [],
+  minor: null,
   loading: false,
   error: null,
 });
@@ -152,7 +154,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
   const findReport = (id) =>
     mapReports.find((r) => r.id === id) ||
     feed.items.find((r) => r.id === id) ||
-    inView.reports.find((r) => r.id === id) ||
+    inView.minor?.find((r) => r.id === id) ||
     null;
   const selected = () => (selectedId ? findReport(selectedId) : null);
   const onMap = (report) => visibleOnMap(report, filters, now());
@@ -527,7 +529,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         ]
           .filter(Boolean)
           .join(' · '),
-        sidesLine(report),
+        sidesLine(report, now()),
         attestation(report)?.label || '',
         mediaLabels(report).join(' · '),
         sourceLinkLabel(report.url),
@@ -824,7 +826,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
       if (controller.signal.aborted || feedRequest !== controller || !enabled)
         return;
       feed = {
-        ...mergeFeedPage(feed, page, mode),
+        ...mergeFeedPage(feed, page, mode, now()),
         loading: false,
         error: null,
       };
@@ -852,9 +854,10 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
   }
 
   // "In view": below 3,000 km, the reports within 500 km of the view centre,
-  // read again once the camera has settled for 0.8 s in another half-degree
-  // cell. The feed has no area query, so the last day's geocoded reports are
-  // read and kept by distance here.
+  // placed again once the camera has settled for 0.8 s in another half-degree
+  // cell. The feed has no area query: the layer already holds the last day's
+  // geocoded reports (the map's), kept here by distance. Only "Include minor
+  // news" needs its own read, once per refresh, never per pan.
   function scheduleInView() {
     clearTimeout(settleTimer);
     settleTimer = setTimeout(() => {
@@ -878,10 +881,22 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     if (!centre) return;
     const cell = viewCell(centre);
     if (!force && inView.active && cell === inView.cell) return;
+    inView = { ...inView, active: true, cell, centre };
+    if (!filters.includeMinor) {
+      inViewRequest?.abort();
+      inViewRequest = null;
+      inView = { ...inView, minor: null, loading: false, error: null };
+      notify();
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!force && (inView.minor || inViewRequest)) {
+      notify();
+      return;
+    }
     inViewRequest?.abort();
     const controller = new AbortController();
     inViewRequest = controller;
-    inView = { ...inView, active: true, cell, centre, loading: true };
+    inView = { ...inView, loading: true };
     notify();
     try {
       const page = await source.getFeed(
@@ -890,7 +905,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
           geo: true,
           today: true,
           events: true,
-          relevance: filters.includeMinor ? '' : NEWS_RELEVANT,
+          relevance: '',
           limit: NEWS_MAP_LIMIT,
         },
         { signal: controller.signal },
@@ -898,7 +913,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
       if (controller.signal.aborted || inViewRequest !== controller) return;
       inView = {
         ...inView,
-        reports: page.reports,
+        minor: page.reports.filter((r) => withinNewsWindow(r, now())),
         loading: false,
         error: null,
       };
@@ -1004,9 +1019,12 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         active: inView.active,
         loading: inView.loading,
         error: inView.error ? t(FEED_UNAVAILABLE) : null,
-        items: reportsInView(inView.reports, inView.centre, filters, at).map(
-          (r) => feedCardView(r, at),
-        ),
+        items: reportsInView(
+          filters.includeMinor ? inView.minor || [] : mapReports,
+          inView.centre,
+          filters,
+          at,
+        ).map((r) => feedCardView(r, at)),
       },
       selected:
         report && withinNewsWindow(report, at)
diff --git a/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
index 5cc49938c..92ebef968 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
@@ -38,7 +38,12 @@ const report = (id, extra = {}) => ({
 
 function fixture(
   t,
-  { source: overrides = {}, height = 20_000_000, reduced = false } = {},
+  {
+    source: overrides = {},
+    height = 20_000_000,
+    reduced = false,
+    centre = () => ({ lat: 49, lon: 36 }),
+  } = {},
 ) {
   const calls = { feed: [], hotspots: 0, outline: 0 };
   const reports = [
@@ -98,7 +103,7 @@ function fixture(
     overlayHost,
     now: () => NOW,
     matchMedia: () => ({ matches: reduced }),
-    getViewCentre: () => ({ lat: 49, lon: 36 }),
+    getViewCentre: () => centre(),
   });
   // The context store announces selections on `window`, which Node lacks.
   const originalWindow = globalThis.window;
@@ -178,31 +183,40 @@ test('the card toggle and the severity floor change what is shown, not what is r
   );
 });
 
-test('In view reads again only when the camera settles low in a new cell', async (t) => {
+test('In view places the held reports when the camera settles low, with no new read', async (t) => {
   t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
-  const { layer, camera, calls } = fixture(t, { height: 1_000_000 });
+  let centre = { lat: 49, lon: 36 };
+  const { layer, camera, calls } = fixture(t, {
+    height: 1_000_000,
+    centre: () => centre,
+  });
   layer.enable();
   await layer.update();
-  const reads = () => calls.feed.filter((q) => q.limit === 500).length;
-  const before = reads();
-  camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
-  t.mock.timers.tick(799);
-  assert.equal(reads(), before);
-  t.mock.timers.tick(1);
-  await Promise.resolve();
-  await Promise.resolve();
+  const reads = calls.feed.length;
   const view = layer.getRowControls().feed.inView;
   assert.equal(view.active, true);
+  assert.equal(view.loading, false);
   // Gaza is beyond 500 km of the view centre; the old report is past 24 h.
   assert.deepEqual(
     view.items.map((item) => item.id),
     ['major'],
   );
-  // Same cell: no new read.
-  const settled = reads();
+  // Panning to another cell (over Gaza) reads nothing: it reuses the map's
+  // reports, once the camera has settled.
+  centre = { lat: 31.5, lon: 34.4 };
   camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
-  t.mock.timers.tick(800);
-  assert.equal(reads(), settled);
+  t.mock.timers.tick(799);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.items.map((item) => item.id),
+    ['major'],
+  );
+  t.mock.timers.tick(1);
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.items.map((item) => item.id),
+    ['far'],
+  );
+  assert.equal(calls.feed.length, reads);
   // Up above 3,000 km, In view goes away.
   camera.positionCartographic.height = 5_000_000;
   camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
@@ -210,6 +224,57 @@ test('In view reads again only when the camera settles low in a new cell', async
   assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.active, false);
 });
 
+test('In view with minor news reads once, not per pan; a failed read shows', async (t) => {
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
+  let centre = { lat: 49, lon: 36 };
+  let fail = false;
+  const minorReads = [];
+  const { layer, camera } = fixture(t, {
+    height: 1_000_000,
+    centre: () => centre,
+    source: {
+      getFeed: async (query) => {
+        if (query.relevance === '' && query.limit === 500) {
+          minorReads.push(query);
+          if (fail) throw new Error('boom');
+          return {
+            reports: [report('broad', { severity: 2, relevance: 'minor' })],
+            nextBefore: null,
+          };
+        }
+        return { reports: [], nextBefore: null };
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
+  t.mock.timers.tick(800);
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  assert.equal(minorReads.length, 0);
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { includeMinor: true } });
+  for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+  assert.equal(minorReads.length, 1);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.items.map((item) => item.id),
+    ['broad'],
+  );
+  centre = { lat: 47, lon: 33 };
+  camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
+  t.mock.timers.tick(800);
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  assert.equal(minorReads.length, 1);
+  // Turned off and on again with the server failing: the error is shown.
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { includeMinor: false } });
+  fail = true;
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { includeMinor: true } });
+  for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+  assert.equal(minorReads.length, 2);
+  const view = layer.getRowControls().feed.inView;
+  assert.equal(view.error, 'News feed unavailable');
+  assert.deepEqual(view.items, []);
+});
+
 test('a server without news is unavailable once and is not asked again', async (t) => {
   const failure = Object.assign(
     new Error('News feed not configured on this server'),
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.js b/src/layers/news/model.js
index 41fce5ab4..ff26b0fde 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.js
@@ -11,6 +11,11 @@ export const NEWS_FEED_PAGE = 60;
 export const NEWS_MAP_LIMIT = 500;
 /** News is real time only: nothing older than a day is shown anywhere. */
 export const NEWS_WINDOW_MS = 24 * 3_600_000;
+// A publish time this far ahead of the clock is skew, not a future story
+// (as data/regionalNewsWindow.js).
+const NEWS_CLOCK_SKEW_MS = 15 * 60_000;
+/** At most this many reports are kept in the feed list, newest first. */
+export const NEWS_FEED_MAX = 600;
 // Above this camera height the layer shows one beacon per hotspot; below it
 // (or once a hotspot is chosen) the outlines and individual reports.
 export const NEWS_DETAIL_MAX_HEIGHT_M = 2_500_000;
@@ -202,12 +207,28 @@ export const severityLabel = (report) => t(severityStyle(report).label);
 const lastHeard = (report) =>
   Date.parse(report?.event?.lastAt || report?.publishedAt || '');
 
+/**
+ * Whether a time is inside the last 24 hours (the only news shown); one more
+ * than 15 minutes ahead of the clock is not.
+ */
+function inWindow(value, now) {
+  const at = Date.parse(value || '');
+  return (
+    Number.isFinite(at) &&
+    now - at <= NEWS_WINDOW_MS &&
+    at - now <= NEWS_CLOCK_SKEW_MS
+  );
+}
+
 /** Whether a report is from the last 24 hours (the only news shown). */
 export function withinNewsWindow(report, now = Date.now()) {
-  const at = Date.parse(report?.publishedAt || '');
-  return Number.isFinite(at) && now - at <= NEWS_WINDOW_MS;
+  return inWindow(report?.publishedAt, now);
 }
 
+/** The event's one-report-per-side list, inside the last 24 hours only. */
+const recentSides = (report, now) =>
+  (report?.event?.sides || []).filter((s) => inWindow(s.publishedAt, now));
+
 /**
  * How a report or its event is attested, as a chip: `claimed` (someone's
  * claim, named where known), `confirmed` (both sides, or an independent
@@ -380,15 +401,18 @@ export function cardEvents(reports, now = Date.now(), limit = NEWS_CARD_LIMIT) {
     .slice(0, limit);
 }
 
-/** The distinct sides an event was reported by, lead first, translated. */
-function eventSides(report) {
-  const sides = (report?.event?.sides || []).map((s) => s.side);
+/** The distinct sides an event was reported by in the last day, lead first. */
+function eventSides(report, now) {
+  const sides = recentSides(report, now).map((s) => s.side);
   return [...new Set(sides.length ? sides : [report?.side].filter(Boolean))];
 }
 
-/** "Reported by UA sources · RU sources", or '' when no side is known. */
-export function sidesLine(report) {
-  const sides = eventSides(report).filter((side) => side !== 'unknown');
+/**
+ * "Reported by UA sources · RU sources", or '' when no side is known; an
+ * unattributed side is left out.
+ */
+export function sidesLine(report, now = Date.now()) {
+  const sides = eventSides(report, now).filter((side) => side !== 'unknown');
   if (!sides.length) return '';
   if (sides.length === 1)
     return t(REPORTED_BY_SIDE, { side: sideLabel(sides[0]) });
@@ -409,7 +433,7 @@ export function eventPicture(report) {
 /** What an event's picture card on the globe shows. */
 export function cardView(report, now = Date.now()) {
   const event = report.event;
-  const sides = eventSides(report).map(sideLabel);
+  const sides = eventSides(report, now).map(sideLabel);
   const picture = eventPicture(report);
   return {
     title: report.titleEn || report.title,
@@ -477,7 +501,7 @@ export function feedCardView(report, now = Date.now()) {
     sources: tn(size, '{count} source', '{count} sources'),
     age: ageWords(report.event?.lastAt || report.publishedAt, now),
     publisher: report.publisher,
-    sides: sidesLine(report),
+    sides: sidesLine(report, now),
     sourceLink: sourceLinkLabel(report.url),
     picture: eventPicture(report),
     chips: [
@@ -490,12 +514,14 @@ export function feedCardView(report, now = Date.now()) {
       ...mediaLabels(report).map((label) => ({ kind: 'media', label })),
     ].filter(Boolean),
     // The event's first report from each other side, under the lead.
-    others: (report.event?.sides || []).slice(1).map((s) => ({
-      side: sideLabel(s.side),
-      publisher: s.publisher,
-      title: s.title,
-      url: s.url,
-    })),
+    others: recentSides(report, now)
+      .slice(1)
+      .map((s) => ({
+        side: sideLabel(s.side),
+        publisher: s.publisher,
+        title: s.title,
+        url: s.url,
+      })),
   };
 }
 
@@ -519,11 +545,18 @@ export function reportMarkerPosition(report, pin = 0) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Merge a page into the feed, newest first, one row per report id.
- * `mode` 'head' refreshes the top and keeps the older cursor; 'append' adds an
- * older page and takes its cursor; 'replace' starts over.
+ * Merge a page into the feed, newest first, one row per report id, keeping
+ * only the last 24 hours and at most `max` rows (a long session does not grow
+ * the list). `mode` 'head' refreshes the top and keeps the older cursor;
+ * 'append' adds an older page and takes its cursor; 'replace' starts over.
  */
-export function mergeFeedPage(feed, page, mode) {
+export function mergeFeedPage(
+  feed,
+  page,
+  mode,
+  now = Date.now(),
+  max = NEWS_FEED_MAX,
+) {
   const byId = new Map();
   const items =
     mode === 'replace'
@@ -531,11 +564,13 @@ export function mergeFeedPage(feed, page, mode) {
       : mode === 'append'
         ? [...feed.items, ...page.reports]
         : [...page.reports, ...feed.items];
-  for (const item of items) if (!byId.has(item.id)) byId.set(item.id, item);
+  for (const item of items)
+    if (!byId.has(item.id) && withinNewsWindow(item, now))
+      byId.set(item.id, item);
   return {
-    items: [...byId.values()].sort((a, b) =>
-      b.publishedAt.localeCompare(a.publishedAt),
-    ),
+    items: [...byId.values()]
+      .sort((a, b) => b.publishedAt.localeCompare(a.publishedAt))
+      .slice(0, max),
     nextBefore:
       mode === 'head' && feed.items.length ? feed.nextBefore : page.nextBefore,
   };
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
index 39492cc41..88eb0db73 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
@@ -61,8 +61,20 @@ const event = (extra = {}) => ({
   severity: 3,
   lastAt: '2026-10-28T09:30:00Z',
   sides: [
-    { side: 'UA', title: 'a', url: 'https://a.test/', publisher: 'A' },
-    { side: 'RU', title: 'b', url: 'https://b.test/', publisher: 'B' },
+    {
+      side: 'UA',
+      title: 'a',
+      url: 'https://a.test/',
+      publisher: 'A',
+      publishedAt: '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z',
+    },
+    {
+      side: 'RU',
+      title: 'b',
+      url: 'https://b.test/',
+      publisher: 'B',
+      publishedAt: '2026-10-28T09:20:00Z',
+    },
   ],
   image: { url: 'https://a.test/p.jpg', publisher: 'A' },
   ...extra,
@@ -189,12 +201,18 @@ test('feed pages merge newest first without duplicates', () => {
     { items: [] },
     { reports: [a, b], nextBefore: 'B' },
     'replace',
+    NOW,
   );
   assert.deepEqual(
     [feed.items.map((r) => r.id), feed.nextBefore],
     [['a', 'b'], 'B'],
   );
-  feed = mergeFeedPage(feed, { reports: [b, c], nextBefore: null }, 'append');
+  feed = mergeFeedPage(
+    feed,
+    { reports: [b, c], nextBefore: null },
+    'append',
+    NOW,
+  );
   assert.deepEqual(
     [feed.items.map((r) => r.id), feed.nextBefore],
     [['a', 'b', 'c'], null],
@@ -204,6 +222,7 @@ test('feed pages merge newest first without duplicates', () => {
     { ...feed, nextBefore: 'C' },
     { reports: [newer, a], nextBefore: 'X' },
     'head',
+    NOW + 3_600_000,
   );
   assert.deepEqual(
     [feed.items.map((r) => r.id), feed.nextBefore],
@@ -215,6 +234,46 @@ test('feed pages merge newest first without duplicates', () => {
   );
 });
 
+test('the feed list keeps only the last 24 hours and at most its cap', () => {
+  const fresh = report('f', '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z');
+  const stale = report('s', '2026-10-27T09:00:00Z');
+  const ahead = report('x', '2026-10-28T11:00:00Z');
+  // A long session: yesterday's rows already held fall out on the next merge.
+  const feed = mergeFeedPage(
+    { items: [stale], nextBefore: 'S' },
+    { reports: [fresh, ahead], nextBefore: 'F' },
+    'head',
+    NOW,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    feed.items.map((r) => r.id),
+    ['f'],
+  );
+  const many = Array.from({ length: 30 }, (_, i) =>
+    report(`r${i}`, new Date(NOW - (i + 1) * 60_000).toISOString()),
+  );
+  const capped = mergeFeedPage(
+    { items: [] },
+    { reports: many, nextBefore: null },
+    'replace',
+    NOW,
+    10,
+  );
+  assert.equal(capped.items.length, 10);
+  assert.equal(capped.items[0].id, 'r0');
+  assert.equal(capped.items.at(-1).id, 'r9');
+  // Everything outside the window: an empty list, not an error.
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    mergeFeedPage(
+      { items: [] },
+      { reports: [stale], nextBefore: null },
+      'replace',
+      NOW,
+    ).items,
+    [],
+  );
+});
+
 test('filters default to significant news and map to a last-24-hours query', () => {
   const hotspots = [{ id: 'ua' }, { id: 'me' }];
   const filters = normalizeFilters(
@@ -252,6 +311,11 @@ test('only the last 24 hours pass, and the severity floor applies', () => {
   assert.equal(withinNewsWindow(fresh, NOW), true);
   assert.equal(withinNewsWindow(old, NOW), false);
   assert.equal(withinNewsWindow({ publishedAt: 'x' }, NOW), false);
+  // Clock skew up to 15 min ahead passes; further ahead is not news yet.
+  const skew = report('k', '2026-10-28T10:14:00Z');
+  const future = report('z', '2026-10-28T10:16:00Z');
+  assert.equal(withinNewsWindow(skew, NOW), true);
+  assert.equal(withinNewsWindow(future, NOW), false);
   assert.deepEqual(
     [fresh, minor, old]
       .filter((r) => passesFilters(r, filters, NOW))
@@ -417,6 +481,62 @@ test('feed cards read like Breaking: headline, meta parts, sides and chips', ()
   assert.equal(sidesLine({ side: 'unknown' }), '');
 });
 
+test('event sides older than a day are left out of the card and its sides line', () => {
+  const r = report('w', '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z', {
+    event: event({
+      sides: [
+        {
+          side: 'UA',
+          title: 'a',
+          url: 'https://a.test/',
+          publisher: 'A',
+          publishedAt: '2026-10-28T08:00:00Z',
+        },
+        {
+          side: 'RU',
+          title: 'old',
+          url: 'https://b.test/',
+          publisher: 'B',
+          publishedAt: '2026-10-26T08:00:00Z',
+        },
+        {
+          side: 'unknown',
+          title: 'c',
+          url: 'https://c.test/',
+          publisher: 'C',
+          publishedAt: '2026-10-28T09:10:00Z',
+        },
+        // No date: nothing shows it is recent.
+        { side: 'IL', title: 'd', url: 'https://d.test/', publisher: 'D' },
+      ],
+    }),
+  });
+  const view = feedCardView(r, NOW);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    view.others.map((o) => [o.side, o.title]),
+    [['Unattributed', 'c']],
+  );
+  // The unattributed side is not named in the sides line.
+  assert.equal(view.sides, 'Reported by UA sources');
+  assert.equal(cardView(r, NOW).meta, '30 min · 6 sources · UA, Unattributed');
+  // All sides outside the window: no others, the report's own side remains.
+  const stale = report('v', '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z', {
+    event: event({
+      sides: [
+        {
+          side: 'RU',
+          title: 'old',
+          url: 'https://b.test/',
+          publisher: 'B',
+          publishedAt: '2026-10-26T08:00:00Z',
+        },
+      ],
+    }),
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(feedCardView(stale, NOW).others, []);
+  assert.equal(feedCardView(stale, NOW).sides, 'Reported by UA sources');
+});
+
 test('in view: half-degree cells and reports within 500 km of the centre', () => {
   assert.equal(viewCell({ lat: 50.2, lon: 36.7 }), '100:73');
   assert.equal(viewCell({ lat: 50.4, lon: 36.9 }), '100:73');
diff --git a/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
index 3f48093ea..c99be800c 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
@@ -111,12 +111,20 @@ test('malformed, failed and unconfigured reads reject; a server without news is
 });
 
 test('reads time out and follow the caller signal', async () => {
+  // AbortSignal.timeout does not hold the event loop open: the hanging fetch
+  // does, until its signal aborts, so the run cannot end before it.
   const hang = (_url, { signal }) =>
-    new Promise((_, reject) =>
-      signal.addEventListener('abort', () => reject(signal.reason), {
-        once: true,
-      }),
-    );
+    new Promise((_, reject) => {
+      const alive = setTimeout(() => {}, 60_000);
+      signal.addEventListener(
+        'abort',
+        () => {
+          clearTimeout(alive);
+          reject(signal.reason);
+        },
+        { once: true },
+      );
+    });
   const slow = createNewsSource({ fetchImpl: hang, timeoutMs: 20 });
   await assert.rejects(slow.getHotspots(), { name: 'TimeoutError' });
   const caller = new AbortController();
diff --git a/src/ui/newsPanel.js b/src/ui/newsPanel.js
index 78fd6ea24..b32d1d899 100644
--- a/src/ui/newsPanel.js
+++ b/src/ui/newsPanel.js
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ const set = (node, key, value) => {
  * The News rail panel (`#news-panel`): it renders the `feed` view the news
  * layer publishes through its row controls, shows itself only while the
  * layer is on, and acts only through setLayerParams. Near the bottom of its
- * scroller it asks for the next older page, once per page.
+ * scroller it asks for the next older page, once per page; other filters or a
+ * failed read let it ask again.
  */
 export function createNewsPanel({ container, setLayerParams = () => {} } = {}) {
   const document = container?.ownerDocument;
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ export function createNewsPanel({ container, setLayerParams = () => {} } = {}) {
   let view = null;
   let destroyed = false;
   let requestedAt = -1;
+  let shownFilters = '';
 
   function render() {
     if (destroyed) return;
@@ -59,6 +61,12 @@ export function createNewsPanel({ container, setLayerParams = () => {} } = {}) {
   return {
     /** Show the layer's feed view, or hide the panel with null. */
     update(next) {
+      const filters = JSON.stringify(next?.filters ?? null);
+      // A new list (other filters or hotspot), or a read that failed, may stop
+      // at the same length as the last request: let the next scroll ask.
+      if (filters !== shownFilters || (next?.error && !view?.error))
+        requestedAt = -1;
+      shownFilters = filters;
       view = next || null;
       render();
     },
diff --git a/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs b/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
index 71346fdc3..fa63b78fc 100644
--- a/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
@@ -37,8 +37,20 @@ const big = report('big', {
     status: 'both-sides',
     lastAt: '2026-10-28T09:50:00.000Z',
     sides: [
-      { side: 'UA', title: 'a', url: 'https://a.test/', publisher: 'A' },
-      { side: 'RU', title: 'b', url: 'https://b.test/', publisher: 'B' },
+      {
+        side: 'UA',
+        title: 'a',
+        url: 'https://a.test/',
+        publisher: 'A',
+        publishedAt: '2026-10-28T09:00:00.000Z',
+      },
+      {
+        side: 'RU',
+        title: 'b',
+        url: 'https://b.test/',
+        publisher: 'B',
+        publishedAt: '2026-10-28T09:40:00.000Z',
+      },
     ],
     image: { url: 'https://a.test/p.jpg', publisher: 'A' },
   },
@@ -221,3 +233,46 @@ test('filters, In view and empty or failed reads', () => {
   );
   news.destroy();
 });
+
+test('scrolling to the end asks once per page, again after a filter change or a failed read', () => {
+  const { news, calls } = fixture();
+  const body = document.getElementById('news-panel-body');
+  // A scroller at its bottom.
+  Object.defineProperty(body, 'scrollHeight', {
+    value: 1000,
+    configurable: true,
+  });
+  Object.defineProperty(body, 'clientHeight', {
+    value: 400,
+    configurable: true,
+  });
+  body.scrollTop = 600;
+  const loadMores = () => calls.filter(([, p]) => p.loadMore === true).length;
+  const scroll = () => body.dispatchEvent(new Event('scroll'));
+  news.update(view());
+  scroll();
+  scroll();
+  assert.equal(loadMores(), 1);
+  // The page came back with nothing new (as many items): no second request.
+  news.update(view());
+  scroll();
+  assert.equal(loadMores(), 1);
+  // Another hotspot, the same number of rows: the new list can be read on.
+  const hotspot = normalizeFilters({ hotspot: 'ua-ru-war' }, [
+    { id: 'ua-ru-war' },
+  ]);
+  news.update(view({ filters: hotspot }));
+  scroll();
+  assert.equal(loadMores(), 2);
+  // The read fails: the next scroll tries again.
+  news.update(view({ filters: hotspot, error: 'News feed unavailable' }));
+  scroll();
+  assert.equal(loadMores(), 3);
+  // While loading, or with no older page, nothing is asked.
+  news.update(view({ filters: hotspot, loading: true }));
+  scroll();
+  news.update(view({ filters: hotspot, hasMore: false }));
+  scroll();
+  assert.equal(loadMores(), 3);
+  news.destroy();
+});
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/news.css b/src/ui/styles/news.css
index 9b70f2004..e183548e6 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/news.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/news.css
@@ -121,9 +121,11 @@
   flex-wrap: wrap;
   gap: 4px;
 }
+/* One select per row: at the rail's width two side by side cut off
+   "Significant and above" (and longer translations). */
 .news-readout__filters {
   display: grid;
-  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
+  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
   gap: 6px;
 }
 .news-filter {

From f3e206bf37805c569e155d8371c5be4715b39ca3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 2026 10:20:41 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 042/181] Draw news in GEV's own colours

The news layer brought its own ColorBrewer yellow, orange and red, solid
coloured marker discs, a coloured edge on every card, an amber developing
ring and pink disputed areas, which read as foreign next to GEV's cyan glass.

Severity now uses colours GEV already has (dim and primary text, the military
layers' amber, the Cockpit's emergency red), drawn as GEV's dark disc with a
severity rim and icon; attestation is still the rim's form. Cards lose the
coloured edge and name significant and major events in a mono badge;
attestation chips follow the status badge; outlines stay in the accent family
with disputed areas dotted in the primary text colour.
---
 src/layers/news/cards.js       | 11 ++++------
 src/layers/news/index.js       |  8 ++++---
 src/layers/news/model.js       | 16 ++++++++------
 src/layers/news/model.test.mjs |  2 +-
 src/layers/news/sprites.js     | 40 +++++++++++++++-------------------
 src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue       |  5 ++++-
 src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs      |  2 +-
 src/ui/styles/news.css         | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 8 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 55 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/layers/news/cards.js b/src/layers/news/cards.js
index 3e5902ee4..25a355445 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/cards.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/cards.js
@@ -149,14 +149,11 @@ function paint(canvas, view, look, pic) {
     }
   }
   if (pic?.state !== 'ok') {
-    // No picture: a tile in the severity colour with the category icon.
-    const g = ctx.createLinearGradient(px, PAD, px + pw, PAD + PIC_H);
-    g.addColorStop(0, WORLD_OVERLAY_STYLE.background);
-    g.addColorStop(1, color);
-    ctx.fillStyle = g;
-    ctx.globalAlpha = 0.55;
+    // No picture: a plain glass tile with the event's marker.
+    ctx.fillStyle = WORLD_OVERLAY_STYLE.background;
+    ctx.fillRect(px, PAD, pw, PIC_H);
+    ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04)';
     ctx.fillRect(px, PAD, pw, PIC_H);
-    ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
     paintMarker(ctx, look, px + pw / 2, PAD + PIC_H / 2, 34);
   }
   ctx.restore();
diff --git a/src/layers/news/index.js b/src/layers/news/index.js
index c097ab149..7e70d652b 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/index.js
@@ -66,9 +66,11 @@ const FEED_UNAVAILABLE = msg('News feed unavailable');
 const REPORT_PREFIX = `${NEWS_PICK_PREFIX}report:`;
 const HOTSPOT_PREFIX = `${NEWS_PICK_PREFIX}hotspot:`;
 const DEVELOPING_PREFIX = `${NEWS_PICK_PREFIX}developing:`;
-const DEVELOPING_COLOR = '#ffb020';
-// Disputed areas: dotted, in their own colour, apart from ordinary borders.
-const DISPUTED_COLOR = '#f472b6';
+// Outlines in GEV's own colours, apart from the severity ramp: hotspots in
+// the accent, developing places in its lighter tint, disputed areas dotted
+// in the primary text colour.
+const DEVELOPING_COLOR = '#9defff';
+const DISPUTED_COLOR = '#e8eaed';
 const HOTSPOT_COLOR = '#00d4ff';
 // A filtered feed page that shows almost nothing reads the next page by
 // itself, a few times, so a strict severity floor still fills the list.
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.js b/src/layers/news/model.js
index ff26b0fde..3465ec3c8 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.js
@@ -161,13 +161,15 @@ export const NEWS_CATEGORIES = Object.freeze({
   },
 });
 
-// Severity 0–3. Lightness falls as severity rises, so the ramp still reads
-// under colour blindness and in greyscale.
+// Severity 0–3, in colours GEV already uses: its dim and primary text, the
+// military layers' amber and the Cockpit's emergency red. They are drawn on
+// a dark disc, so from minor up lightness falls as severity rises and the
+// ramp still reads under colour blindness and in greyscale.
 export const NEWS_SEVERITY = Object.freeze([
-  { label: msg('No physical event'), color: '#8a9aa8' },
-  { label: msg('Minor incident'), color: '#f2d64b' },
-  { label: msg('Significant'), color: '#f28c28' },
-  { label: msg('Major'), color: '#d7301f' },
+  { label: msg('No physical event'), color: '#7c878d' },
+  { label: msg('Minor incident'), color: '#e8eaed' },
+  { label: msg('Significant'), color: '#ffb800' },
+  { label: msg('Major'), color: '#ff4444' },
 ]);
 /** The feed's default floor: significant and major events. */
 export const NEWS_DEFAULT_MIN_SEVERITY = 2;
@@ -309,7 +311,7 @@ export function ageWords(at, now = Date.now()) {
 }
 
 /**
- * How a report's marker looks: fill = severity, icon = category, rim =
+ * How a report's marker looks: colour = severity, icon = category, rim =
  * attestation (`confirmed` solid, `claimed` dashed, else thin), size =
  * sources, opacity = age (fading to 45 % over a day).
  */
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
index 88eb0db73..66b74a9c5 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ test('feed cards read like Breaking: headline, meta parts, sides and chips', ()
   assert.equal(view.original, 'Удар по Харкову');
   assert.equal(view.placedByModel, true);
   assert.equal(view.severityLabel, 'Major');
-  assert.equal(view.color, '#d7301f');
+  assert.equal(view.color, '#ff4444');
   assert.equal(view.category, 'Strike');
   assert.equal(view.place, 'Kharkiv');
   assert.equal(view.sources, '6 sources');
diff --git a/src/layers/news/sprites.js b/src/layers/news/sprites.js
index ac7c71ac5..7c7aa3a0d 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/sprites.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/sprites.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// Marker sprites for news reports: a disc filled with the severity colour,
-// the category's icon in it, and a rim for attestation. Drawn once per look
+// Marker sprites for news reports: a dark disc with the category's icon and
+// a rim in the severity colour, the rim's form telling attestation. Drawn once per look
 // on a canvas and handed to Cesium as a data URL, so its texture atlas keeps
 // one copy per look however often the layer re-renders.
 
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ import { NEWS_CATEGORIES, NEWS_SEVERITY } from './model.js';
 
 const CANVAS = 64;
 const BODY = 52; // disc diameter inside the canvas; the rest is rim and ring
-const INK = '#0a0a0f';
-const RIM = '#ffffff';
+const INK = 'rgba(10, 10, 15, 0.92)';
 const SELECTED = '#00d4ff';
 
 /** Canvas pixels per marker pixel: the billboard is drawn at this ratio. */
@@ -28,30 +27,25 @@ export function paintMarker(ctx, { category, severity, rim }, cx, cy, body) {
   ctx.arc(cx, cy, r + 1.5 * k, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
   ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85)';
   ctx.fill();
+  // GEV's dark glass disc, as its HUD buttons are; severity colours the rim
+  // and the icon rather than filling the disc.
   ctx.beginPath();
   ctx.arc(cx, cy, r, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
-  ctx.fillStyle = (NEWS_SEVERITY[severity] || NEWS_SEVERITY[0]).color;
+  ctx.fillStyle = INK;
   ctx.fill();
+  const color = (NEWS_SEVERITY[severity] || NEWS_SEVERITY[0]).color;
 
   // Attestation is the rim's form, never its colour.
-  if (rim === 'confirmed' || rim === 'claimed') {
-    ctx.beginPath();
-    ctx.arc(cx, cy, r - 3.5 * k, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
-    ctx.setLineDash(rim === 'claimed' ? [7 * k, 5 * k] : []);
-    ctx.lineWidth = 7 * k;
-    ctx.strokeStyle = RIM;
-    ctx.stroke();
-    ctx.setLineDash([]);
-  } else {
-    ctx.beginPath();
-    ctx.arc(cx, cy, r - 1 * k, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
-    ctx.lineWidth = 2 * k;
-    ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75)';
-    ctx.stroke();
-  }
+  ctx.beginPath();
+  ctx.arc(cx, cy, r - 3 * k, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
+  ctx.setLineDash(rim === 'claimed' ? [7 * k, 5 * k] : []);
+  ctx.lineWidth = (rim === 'thin' ? 2.5 : 6) * k;
+  ctx.strokeStyle = color;
+  ctx.stroke();
+  ctx.setLineDash([]);
 
   const style = NEWS_CATEGORIES[category] || NEWS_CATEGORIES.other;
-  const icon = body * 0.56;
+  const icon = body * 0.5;
   ctx.save();
   ctx.translate(cx - icon / 2, cy - icon / 2);
   ctx.scale(icon / 16, icon / 16);
@@ -59,9 +53,9 @@ export function paintMarker(ctx, { category, severity, rim }, cx, cy, body) {
   ctx.lineCap = 'round';
   ctx.lineJoin = 'round';
   ctx.lineWidth = 1.7;
-  ctx.strokeStyle = INK;
+  ctx.strokeStyle = color;
   if (style.solid) {
-    ctx.fillStyle = INK;
+    ctx.fillStyle = color;
     ctx.fill(path);
   } else ctx.stroke(path);
   ctx.restore();
diff --git a/src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue b/src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue
index 46dbe5fb7..1f2381760 100644
--- a/src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue
+++ b/src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue
@@ -78,7 +78,10 @@ const meta = () =>
           :title="item.severityLabel"
           ><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true">
             <path :d="item.icon" /></svg></span
-        >{{ meta() }}</span
+        ><span v-if="item.severity >= 2" class="news-card__severity">{{
+          item.severityLabel
+        }}</span
+        >{{ item.severity >= 2 ? ` · ${meta()}` : meta() }}</span
       >
       <span v-if="item.sides" class="news-card__sides">{{ item.sides }}</span>
       <span v-if="item.chips.length" class="news-card__chips"
diff --git a/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs b/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
index fa63b78fc..e6073b0a7 100644
--- a/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ test('the panel shows the last 24 h as event cards and opens once', () => {
   );
   assert.equal(
     first.querySelector('.news-card__meta').textContent,
-    'Strike · Kharkiv · 4 sources · 10 min',
+    'Major · Strike · Kharkiv · 4 sources · 10 min',
   );
   assert.equal(
     first.querySelector('.news-card__marker').getAttribute('aria-label'),
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/news.css b/src/ui/styles/news.css
index e183548e6..fe35a4f08 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/news.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/news.css
@@ -172,16 +172,17 @@
 
 .news-card {
   border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
-  border-inline-start: 3px solid var(--news-color, var(--glass-border));
   border-radius: 6px;
   background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);
 }
 .news-card:hover,
 .news-card.is-open {
   border-color: var(--glass-border-hover);
-  border-inline-start-color: var(--news-color);
   background: rgba(0, 212, 255, 0.06);
 }
+.news-card.is-open {
+  border-color: rgba(0, 212, 255, 0.45);
+}
 .news-card.is-unmapped .news-card__title {
   color: var(--text-secondary);
 }
@@ -254,45 +255,59 @@
   color: var(--text-secondary);
   font: 10px var(--font-mono);
 }
+/* The globe's marker in small: a dark disc, rim and icon in the severity
+   colour (sprites.js). */
 .news-card__marker {
   flex: none;
   display: inline-grid;
   place-items: center;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
   width: 14px;
   height: 14px;
-  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
+  border: 1.5px solid var(--news-color);
   border-radius: 50%;
-  background: var(--news-color);
+  background: var(--bg-dark);
 }
 .news-card__marker svg {
-  width: 9px;
-  height: 9px;
+  width: 8px;
+  height: 8px;
   fill: none;
-  stroke: var(--bg-dark);
+  stroke: var(--news-color);
   stroke-width: 1.8;
   stroke-linecap: round;
   stroke-linejoin: round;
 }
 .news-card__marker.solid svg {
-  fill: var(--bg-dark);
+  fill: var(--news-color);
   stroke: none;
 }
+.news-card__severity {
+  flex: none;
+  color: var(--news-color);
+  font-weight: 600;
+  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+}
 .news-card__chips {
   display: flex;
   flex-wrap: wrap;
   gap: 4px;
 }
+/* GEV's read-only badge (status-badge.css), neutral unless attested. */
 .news-chip {
-  padding: 1px 6px;
+  padding: 2px 7px;
   border: 1px solid var(--glass-border-hover);
   border-radius: 999px;
   color: var(--text-secondary);
-  font: 9px var(--font-mono);
+  font: 8px var(--font-mono);
+  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
 }
 .news-chip--official,
 .news-chip--confirmed {
-  border-color: rgba(0, 212, 255, 0.45);
-  color: var(--text-primary);
+  border-color: rgba(0, 212, 255, 0.32);
+  background: rgba(0, 212, 255, 0.09);
+  color: #9defff;
 }
 .news-chip--claimed {
   border-style: dashed;

From 60fad38c3f424b42cbdf135e28841d9cb5f16f47 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 2026 10:23:05 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 043/181] Show news from the window the server serves

A host may serve fewer hours than the day. The hotspots answer may name its window
(`windowHours`, a whole number from 1 to 24); the layer keeps reports, the
feed, In view and the chosen event inside it, and the panel says
"Last 12 h" or "Last 24 h" accordingly. Without a window named, or with one
out of range, the layer keeps the full day as before.
---
 changelog.d/1-news-layer.md    |  3 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json       |  8 ++---
 src/i18n/locales/de.json       |  8 ++---
 src/i18n/locales/es.json       |  8 ++---
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json       |  8 ++---
 src/i18n/locales/it.json       |  8 ++---
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json       |  8 ++---
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json       |  8 ++---
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json       |  8 ++---
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json       |  8 ++---
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json    |  8 ++---
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json  |  8 ++---
 src/layers/news/index.js       | 25 ++++++++++-----
 src/layers/news/model.js       | 57 +++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 src/layers/news/model.test.mjs | 38 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/news/records.js     |  9 +++++-
 src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue       | 21 ++++++++++---
 src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs      | 10 ++++++
 18 files changed, 178 insertions(+), 73 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md b/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
index 081316b9d..8915beafa 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 - Add the News layer (Events ▸ News) and its right-rail NEWS panel: the last
-  24 hours from curated hotspots, coloured by severity only, with hotspot
+  24 hours from curated hotspots (or the fewer hours a server names, shown in
+  the panel), coloured by severity only, with hotspot
   beacons, outlines with disputed areas, picture cards for major events, an
   "In view" list below 3,000 km and a continuous feed whose cards fly the globe
   to the event. Core serves no news itself: set `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` to a news
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index f779fc9e9..a03ffc9b2 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -82,17 +82,17 @@
   "{severity} only": "{severity} فقط",
   "All categories": "كل الفئات",
   "Reading the news…": "جارٍ قراءة الأخبار…",
-  "News, last 24 hours": "الأخبار، آخر 24 ساعة",
-  "Last 24 h": "آخر 24 ساعة",
+  "News, last {hours} hours": "الأخبار، آخر {hours} ساعة",
+  "Last {hours} h": "آخر {hours} ساعة",
   "Hotspots": "بؤر ساخنة",
   "Severity": "الخطورة",
   "Category": "الفئة",
   "Include minor news": "تضمين الأخبار الثانوية",
   "Show event cards": "إظهار بطاقات الأحداث",
   "In view": "في مجال الرؤية",
-  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "لم يُبلَّغ عن شيء قريب من هنا في آخر 24 ساعة",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "لم يُبلَّغ عن شيء قريب من هنا في آخر {hours} ساعة",
   "Latest news": "آخر الأخبار",
-  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "لا أخبار تطابق هذه المرشحات في آخر 24 ساعة",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "لا أخبار تطابق هذه المرشحات في آخر {hours} ساعة",
   "Load older news": "تحميل أخبار أقدم",
   "How to read the map": "كيف تقرأ الخريطة",
   "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "اللون: الخطورة · الرمز: نوع الحدث",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index 43b913524..e773191b7 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -70,17 +70,17 @@
   "{severity} only": "Nur {severity}",
   "All categories": "Alle Kategorien",
   "Reading the news…": "Nachrichten werden gelesen…",
-  "News, last 24 hours": "Nachrichten der letzten 24 Stunden",
-  "Last 24 h": "Letzte 24 Std.",
+  "News, last {hours} hours": "Nachrichten der letzten {hours} Stunden",
+  "Last {hours} h": "Letzte {hours} Std.",
   "Hotspots": "Brennpunkte",
   "Severity": "Schweregrad",
   "Category": "Kategorie",
   "Include minor news": "Nebensächliche Meldungen einbeziehen",
   "Show event cards": "Ereigniskarten zeigen",
   "In view": "Im Blick",
-  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "In den letzten 24 h nichts in der Nähe gemeldet",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "In den letzten {hours} h nichts in der Nähe gemeldet",
   "Latest news": "Neueste Nachrichten",
-  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "Keine Nachrichten der letzten 24 h passen zu diesen Filtern",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "Keine Nachrichten der letzten {hours} h passen zu diesen Filtern",
   "Load older news": "Ältere Nachrichten laden",
   "How to read the map": "So liest man die Karte",
   "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "Farbe: Schweregrad · Symbol: Art des Ereignisses",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index ba4fa99a9..f0cbb5cbd 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -73,17 +73,17 @@
   "{severity} only": "Solo {severity}",
   "All categories": "Todas las categorías",
   "Reading the news…": "Leyendo las noticias…",
-  "News, last 24 hours": "Noticias de las últimas 24 horas",
-  "Last 24 h": "Últimas 24 h",
+  "News, last {hours} hours": "Noticias de las últimas {hours} horas",
+  "Last {hours} h": "Últimas {hours} h",
   "Hotspots": "Focos",
   "Severity": "Gravedad",
   "Category": "Categoría",
   "Include minor news": "Incluir noticias menores",
   "Show event cards": "Mostrar tarjetas de sucesos",
   "In view": "A la vista",
-  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "Nada informado cerca de aquí en las últimas 24 h",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "Nada informado cerca de aquí en las últimas {hours} h",
   "Latest news": "Últimas noticias",
-  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "Ninguna noticia de las últimas 24 h coincide con estos filtros",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "Ninguna noticia de las últimas {hours} h coincide con estos filtros",
   "Load older news": "Cargar noticias anteriores",
   "How to read the map": "Cómo leer el mapa",
   "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "Color: gravedad · icono: tipo de suceso",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index aae0bbb7d..60329833c 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -73,17 +73,17 @@
   "{severity} only": "{severity} uniquement",
   "All categories": "Toutes les catégories",
   "Reading the news…": "Lecture des actualités…",
-  "News, last 24 hours": "Actualités des dernières 24 heures",
-  "Last 24 h": "Dernières 24 h",
+  "News, last {hours} hours": "Actualités des dernières {hours} heures",
+  "Last {hours} h": "Dernières {hours} h",
   "Hotspots": "Foyers",
   "Severity": "Gravité",
   "Category": "Catégorie",
   "Include minor news": "Inclure les actualités secondaires",
   "Show event cards": "Afficher les cartes d’événement",
   "In view": "Dans la vue",
-  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "Rien de signalé près d’ici ces dernières 24 h",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "Rien de signalé près d’ici ces dernières {hours} h",
   "Latest news": "Dernières actualités",
-  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "Aucune actualité des dernières 24 h ne correspond à ces filtres",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "Aucune actualité des dernières {hours} h ne correspond à ces filtres",
   "Load older news": "Charger des actualités plus anciennes",
   "How to read the map": "Comment lire la carte",
   "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "Couleur : gravité · icône : type d’événement",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index cb9c27098..92a597e40 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -73,17 +73,17 @@
   "{severity} only": "Solo {severity}",
   "All categories": "Tutte le categorie",
   "Reading the news…": "Lettura delle notizie…",
-  "News, last 24 hours": "Notizie delle ultime 24 ore",
-  "Last 24 h": "Ultime 24 h",
+  "News, last {hours} hours": "Notizie delle ultime {hours} ore",
+  "Last {hours} h": "Ultime {hours} h",
   "Hotspots": "Focolai",
   "Severity": "Gravità",
   "Category": "Categoria",
   "Include minor news": "Includi notizie minori",
   "Show event cards": "Mostra le schede degli eventi",
   "In view": "In vista",
-  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "Nulla segnalato qui vicino nelle ultime 24 h",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "Nulla segnalato qui vicino nelle ultime {hours} h",
   "Latest news": "Ultime notizie",
-  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "Nessuna notizia delle ultime 24 h corrisponde a questi filtri",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "Nessuna notizia delle ultime {hours} h corrisponde a questi filtri",
   "Load older news": "Carica notizie precedenti",
   "How to read the map": "Come leggere la mappa",
   "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "Colore: gravità · icona: tipo di evento",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index fc62c1703..67a102e67 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -67,17 +67,17 @@
   "{severity} only": "{severity}のみ",
   "All categories": "すべてのカテゴリ",
   "Reading the news…": "ニュースを読み込み中…",
-  "News, last 24 hours": "直近24時間のニュース",
-  "Last 24 h": "直近24時間",
+  "News, last {hours} hours": "直近{hours}時間のニュース",
+  "Last {hours} h": "直近{hours}時間",
   "Hotspots": "ホットスポット",
   "Severity": "深刻度",
   "Category": "カテゴリ",
   "Include minor news": "軽微なニュースも含める",
   "Show event cards": "イベントカードを表示",
   "In view": "表示範囲内",
-  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "直近24時間、この付近の報道はありません",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "直近{hours}時間、この付近の報道はありません",
   "Latest news": "最新ニュース",
-  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "直近24時間で条件に合うニュースはありません",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "直近{hours}時間で条件に合うニュースはありません",
   "Load older news": "以前のニュースを読み込む",
   "How to read the map": "地図の見方",
   "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "色: 深刻度 · アイコン: 出来事の種類",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index a5da05da8..d66890fa9 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -73,17 +73,17 @@
   "{severity} only": "Apenas {severity}",
   "All categories": "Todas as categorias",
   "Reading the news…": "Lendo as notícias…",
-  "News, last 24 hours": "Notícias das últimas 24 horas",
-  "Last 24 h": "Últimas 24 h",
+  "News, last {hours} hours": "Notícias das últimas {hours} horas",
+  "Last {hours} h": "Últimas {hours} h",
   "Hotspots": "Focos",
   "Severity": "Gravidade",
   "Category": "Categoria",
   "Include minor news": "Incluir notícias menores",
   "Show event cards": "Mostrar cartões de eventos",
   "In view": "Na vista",
-  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "Nada noticiado aqui perto nas últimas 24 h",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "Nada noticiado aqui perto nas últimas {hours} h",
   "Latest news": "Últimas notícias",
-  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "Nenhuma notícia das últimas 24 h corresponde a estes filtros",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "Nenhuma notícia das últimas {hours} h corresponde a estes filtros",
   "Load older news": "Carregar notícias anteriores",
   "How to read the map": "Como ler o mapa",
   "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "Cor: gravidade · ícone: tipo de evento",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index 2725ef272..74a39f5be 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -76,17 +76,17 @@
   "{severity} only": "Только {severity}",
   "All categories": "Все категории",
   "Reading the news…": "Читаем новости…",
-  "News, last 24 hours": "Новости за последние 24 часа",
-  "Last 24 h": "За 24 ч",
+  "News, last {hours} hours": "Новости за последние {hours} ч",
+  "Last {hours} h": "За {hours} ч",
   "Hotspots": "Горячие точки",
   "Severity": "Тяжесть",
   "Category": "Категория",
   "Include minor news": "Показывать второстепенные новости",
   "Show event cards": "Показывать карточки событий",
   "In view": "В поле зрения",
-  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "За последние 24 ч поблизости ничего не сообщалось",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "За последние {hours} ч поблизости ничего не сообщалось",
   "Latest news": "Последние новости",
-  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "За последние 24 ч нет новостей по этим фильтрам",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "За последние {hours} ч нет новостей по этим фильтрам",
   "Load older news": "Загрузить более ранние новости",
   "How to read the map": "Как читать карту",
   "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "Цвет: тяжесть · значок: тип события",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index 77aa0f593..7125396c0 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -76,17 +76,17 @@
   "{severity} only": "Лише {severity}",
   "All categories": "Усі категорії",
   "Reading the news…": "Читаємо новини…",
-  "News, last 24 hours": "Новини за останні 24 години",
-  "Last 24 h": "За 24 год",
+  "News, last {hours} hours": "Новини за останні {hours} год",
+  "Last {hours} h": "За {hours} год",
   "Hotspots": "Гарячі точки",
   "Severity": "Тяжкість",
   "Category": "Категорія",
   "Include minor news": "Показувати другорядні новини",
   "Show event cards": "Показувати картки подій",
   "In view": "У полі зору",
-  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "За останні 24 год поблизу нічого не повідомлялося",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "За останні {hours} год поблизу нічого не повідомлялося",
   "Latest news": "Останні новини",
-  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "За останні 24 год немає новин за цими фільтрами",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "За останні {hours} год немає новин за цими фільтрами",
   "Load older news": "Завантажити давніші новини",
   "How to read the map": "Як читати мапу",
   "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "Колір: тяжкість · значок: тип події",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index 0b398051d..654189a6f 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -67,17 +67,17 @@
   "{severity} only": "仅{severity}",
   "All categories": "所有类别",
   "Reading the news…": "正在读取新闻…",
-  "News, last 24 hours": "最近 24 小时的新闻",
-  "Last 24 h": "最近 24 小时",
+  "News, last {hours} hours": "最近 {hours} 小时的新闻",
+  "Last {hours} h": "最近 {hours} 小时",
   "Hotspots": "热点",
   "Severity": "严重程度",
   "Category": "类别",
   "Include minor news": "包括次要新闻",
   "Show event cards": "显示事件卡片",
   "In view": "视野内",
-  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "最近 24 小时附近无报道",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "最近 {hours} 小时附近无报道",
   "Latest news": "最新新闻",
-  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "最近 24 小时没有符合这些筛选条件的新闻",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "最近 {hours} 小时没有符合这些筛选条件的新闻",
   "Load older news": "加载更早的新闻",
   "How to read the map": "如何解读地图",
   "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "颜色：严重程度 · 图标：事件类型",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index a89b6ba22..f18e75d07 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -67,17 +67,17 @@
   "{severity} only": "僅{severity}",
   "All categories": "所有類別",
   "Reading the news…": "正在讀取新聞…",
-  "News, last 24 hours": "最近 24 小時的新聞",
-  "Last 24 h": "最近 24 小時",
+  "News, last {hours} hours": "最近 {hours} 小時的新聞",
+  "Last {hours} h": "最近 {hours} 小時",
   "Hotspots": "熱點",
   "Severity": "嚴重程度",
   "Category": "類別",
   "Include minor news": "包括次要新聞",
   "Show event cards": "顯示事件卡片",
   "In view": "視野內",
-  "Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h": "最近 24 小時附近無報導",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "最近 {hours} 小時附近無報導",
   "Latest news": "最新新聞",
-  "No news matches these filters in the last 24 h": "最近 24 小時沒有符合這些篩選條件的新聞",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "最近 {hours} 小時沒有符合這些篩選條件的新聞",
   "Load older news": "載入更早的新聞",
   "How to read the map": "如何解讀地圖",
   "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "顏色：嚴重程度 · 圖示：事件類型",
diff --git a/src/layers/news/index.js b/src/layers/news/index.js
index 7e70d652b..21450bd55 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/index.js
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import {
   NEWS_RELEVANT,
   NEWS_SETTLE_MS,
   NEWS_SEVERITY,
+  NEWS_WINDOW_MS,
   ageWords,
   attestation,
   beaconPixelSize,
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ import {
   markerStyle,
   mediaLabels,
   mergeFeedPage,
+  newsWindowMs,
   normalizeFilters,
   passesFilters,
   reportMarkerPosition,
@@ -139,6 +141,9 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     lastRunAt = null,
     autoPages = 0;
   let hotspots = [];
+  // The window the server serves (newsWindowMs): a host may serve
+  // fewer hours than the day.
+  let windowMs = NEWS_WINDOW_MS;
   let mapReports = [];
   let feed = emptyFeed();
   let inView = emptyInView();
@@ -159,7 +164,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     inView.minor?.find((r) => r.id === id) ||
     null;
   const selected = () => (selectedId ? findReport(selectedId) : null);
-  const onMap = (report) => visibleOnMap(report, filters, now());
+  const onMap = (report) => visibleOnMap(report, filters, now(), windowMs);
 
   function markerCartesian(report, pin = 0) {
     const { lat, lon } = reportMarkerPosition(report, pin);
@@ -806,7 +811,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
   }
 
   const shownCount = () =>
-    feed.items.filter((r) => passesFilters(r, filters, now())).length;
+    feed.items.filter((r) => passesFilters(r, filters, now(), windowMs)).length;
 
   async function loadFeed(mode) {
     if (!enabled || unavailable) return;
@@ -828,7 +833,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
       if (controller.signal.aborted || feedRequest !== controller || !enabled)
         return;
       feed = {
-        ...mergeFeedPage(feed, page, mode, now()),
+        ...mergeFeedPage(feed, page, mode, now(), undefined, windowMs),
         loading: false,
         error: null,
       };
@@ -915,7 +920,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
       if (controller.signal.aborted || inViewRequest !== controller) return;
       inView = {
         ...inView,
-        minor: page.reports.filter((r) => withinNewsWindow(r, now())),
+        minor: page.reports.filter((r) => withinNewsWindow(r, now(), windowMs)),
         loading: false,
         error: null,
       };
@@ -1015,7 +1020,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         color: level.color,
       })),
       items: feed.items
-        .filter((r) => passesFilters(r, filters, at))
+        .filter((r) => passesFilters(r, filters, at, windowMs))
         .map((r) => feedCardView(r, at)),
       inView: {
         active: inView.active,
@@ -1026,10 +1031,12 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
           inView.centre,
           filters,
           at,
+          undefined,
+          windowMs,
         ).map((r) => feedCardView(r, at)),
       },
       selected:
-        report && withinNewsWindow(report, at)
+        report && withinNewsWindow(report, at, windowMs)
           ? feedCardView(report, at)
           : null,
       hasMore: Boolean(feed.nextBefore),
@@ -1037,6 +1044,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
       // Read failures are English data; the panel shows them translated.
       error: error || feed.error ? t(error || feed.error) : null,
       lastRunAt,
+      windowHours: windowMs / 3_600_000,
     };
   }
 
@@ -1149,7 +1157,10 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         hotspots = index.hotspots;
         loadOutlines();
         lastRunAt = index.lastRunAt;
-        mapReports = todays.reports.filter((r) => withinNewsWindow(r, now()));
+        windowMs = newsWindowMs(index.windowHours);
+        mapReports = todays.reports.filter((r) =>
+          withinNewsWindow(r, now(), windowMs),
+        );
         filters = normalizeFilters({}, hotspots, filters);
         error = null;
         lastUpdate = now();
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.js b/src/layers/news/model.js
index 3465ec3c8..075329227 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.js
@@ -11,6 +11,16 @@ export const NEWS_FEED_PAGE = 60;
 export const NEWS_MAP_LIMIT = 500;
 /** News is real time only: nothing older than a day is shown anywhere. */
 export const NEWS_WINDOW_MS = 24 * 3_600_000;
+
+/**
+ * The window a server serves, in ms: its `windowHours` (a whole number of
+ * hours up to 24; a host may serve fewer), else the full day.
+ */
+export function newsWindowMs(hours) {
+  return Number.isInteger(hours) && hours >= 1 && hours <= 24
+    ? hours * 3_600_000
+    : NEWS_WINDOW_MS;
+}
 // A publish time this far ahead of the clock is skew, not a future story
 // (as data/regionalNewsWindow.js).
 const NEWS_CLOCK_SKEW_MS = 15 * 60_000;
@@ -210,21 +220,26 @@ const lastHeard = (report) =>
   Date.parse(report?.event?.lastAt || report?.publishedAt || '');
 
 /**
- * Whether a time is inside the last 24 hours (the only news shown); one more
- * than 15 minutes ahead of the clock is not.
+ * Whether a time is inside the window (the last 24 hours unless the server
+ * serves fewer; the only news shown); one more than 15 minutes ahead of the
+ * clock is not.
  */
-function inWindow(value, now) {
+function inWindow(value, now, windowMs = NEWS_WINDOW_MS) {
   const at = Date.parse(value || '');
   return (
     Number.isFinite(at) &&
-    now - at <= NEWS_WINDOW_MS &&
+    now - at <= windowMs &&
     at - now <= NEWS_CLOCK_SKEW_MS
   );
 }
 
-/** Whether a report is from the last 24 hours (the only news shown). */
-export function withinNewsWindow(report, now = Date.now()) {
-  return inWindow(report?.publishedAt, now);
+/** Whether a report is inside the window (the only news shown). */
+export function withinNewsWindow(
+  report,
+  now = Date.now(),
+  windowMs = NEWS_WINDOW_MS,
+) {
+  return inWindow(report?.publishedAt, now, windowMs);
 }
 
 /** The event's one-report-per-side list, inside the last 24 hours only. */
@@ -548,7 +563,7 @@ export function reportMarkerPosition(report, pin = 0) {
 
 /**
  * Merge a page into the feed, newest first, one row per report id, keeping
- * only the last 24 hours and at most `max` rows (a long session does not grow
+ * only the window and at most `max` rows (a long session does not grow
  * the list). `mode` 'head' refreshes the top and keeps the older cursor;
  * 'append' adds an older page and takes its cursor; 'replace' starts over.
  */
@@ -558,6 +573,7 @@ export function mergeFeedPage(
   mode,
   now = Date.now(),
   max = NEWS_FEED_MAX,
+  windowMs = NEWS_WINDOW_MS,
 ) {
   const byId = new Map();
   const items =
@@ -567,7 +583,7 @@ export function mergeFeedPage(
         ? [...feed.items, ...page.reports]
         : [...page.reports, ...feed.items];
   for (const item of items)
-    if (!byId.has(item.id) && withinNewsWindow(item, now))
+    if (!byId.has(item.id) && withinNewsWindow(item, now, windowMs))
       byId.set(item.id, item);
   return {
     items: [...byId.values()]
@@ -604,24 +620,34 @@ export function normalizeFilters(next = {}, hotspots = [], previous = {}) {
 }
 
 /** Whether a report passes the filters the server does not apply. */
-export function passesFilters(report, filters, now = Date.now()) {
+export function passesFilters(
+  report,
+  filters,
+  now = Date.now(),
+  windowMs = NEWS_WINDOW_MS,
+) {
   return (
-    withinNewsWindow(report, now) &&
+    withinNewsWindow(report, now, windowMs) &&
     reportSeverity(report) >= filters.minSeverity
   );
 }
 
 /** Whether a report belongs on the map under the current filters. */
-export function visibleOnMap(report, filters, now = Date.now()) {
+export function visibleOnMap(
+  report,
+  filters,
+  now = Date.now(),
+  windowMs = NEWS_WINDOW_MS,
+) {
   return (
     (filters.hotspot === 'all' ||
       (report.hotspotIds || [report.hotspotId]).includes(filters.hotspot)) &&
     (filters.category === 'all' || report.category === filters.category) &&
-    passesFilters(report, filters, now)
+    passesFilters(report, filters, now, windowMs)
   );
 }
 
-/** API query for the feed under the current filters: always the last 24 h. */
+/** API query for the feed under the current filters: the window only. */
 export function feedQueryFor(filters, extra = {}) {
   return {
     events: true,
@@ -660,12 +686,13 @@ export function reportsInView(
   filters,
   now = Date.now(),
   limit = NEWS_IN_VIEW_LIMIT,
+  windowMs = NEWS_WINDOW_MS,
 ) {
   if (!centre) return [];
   return reports
     .filter(
       (r) =>
-        passesFilters(r, filters, now) &&
+        passesFilters(r, filters, now, windowMs) &&
         (filters.category === 'all' || r.category === filters.category) &&
         r.pins?.some(
           (pin) => distanceKm(pin, centre) <= NEWS_IN_VIEW_RADIUS_KM,
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
index 66b74a9c5..b5f3eaba7 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import {
   isPressing,
   markerStyle,
   mergeFeedPage,
+  newsWindowMs,
   normalizeFilters,
   passesFilters,
   reportMarkerPosition,
@@ -562,3 +563,40 @@ test('in view: half-degree cells and reports within 500 km of the centre', () =>
   assert.deepEqual(reportsInView([near], null, filters, NOW), []);
   assert.deepEqual(reportsInView([], centre, filters, NOW), []);
 });
+
+test('a server may serve fewer hours than the day, never more', () => {
+  assert.equal(newsWindowMs(12), 12 * 3_600_000);
+  assert.equal(newsWindowMs(24), 24 * 3_600_000);
+  for (const bad of [0, 25, 12.5, '12', null, undefined])
+    assert.equal(newsWindowMs(bad), 24 * 3_600_000);
+  const page = {
+    reports: [
+      report('fresh', '2026-10-28T02:00:00Z'),
+      report('old', '2026-10-27T20:00:00Z'),
+    ],
+    nextBefore: null,
+  };
+  const empty = { items: [], nextBefore: null };
+  const ids = (windowMs) =>
+    mergeFeedPage(empty, page, 'replace', NOW, undefined, windowMs).items.map(
+      (r) => r.id,
+    );
+  assert.deepEqual(ids(newsWindowMs(12)), ['fresh']);
+  assert.deepEqual(ids(newsWindowMs(24)), ['fresh', 'old']);
+});
+
+test('the hotspots answer carries the window it was counted over', () => {
+  const base = {
+    hotspots: [],
+    ingest: { lastRunAt: '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z' },
+  };
+  assert.equal(
+    normalizeHotspotsPayload({ ...base, windowHours: 12 }).windowHours,
+    12,
+  );
+  assert.equal(normalizeHotspotsPayload(base).windowHours, null);
+  assert.equal(
+    normalizeHotspotsPayload({ ...base, windowHours: 48 }).windowHours,
+    null,
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/news/records.js b/src/layers/news/records.js
index 266d17f7c..e573f9ac9 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/records.js
@@ -96,7 +96,8 @@ function normalizeDeveloping(items) {
 }
 
 /**
- * `/api/news/hotspots` → `{hotspots, categories, lastRunAt}`, or null when the
+ * `/api/news/hotspots` → `{hotspots, categories, lastRunAt, windowHours}`
+ * (`windowHours` null when the server names none), or null when the
  * payload has no hotspot list.
  */
 export function normalizeHotspotsPayload(payload) {
@@ -135,6 +136,12 @@ export function normalizeHotspotsPayload(payload) {
         )
       : [],
     lastRunAt: iso(payload.ingest?.lastRunAt),
+    windowHours:
+      Number.isInteger(payload.windowHours) &&
+      payload.windowHours >= 1 &&
+      payload.windowHours <= 24
+        ? payload.windowHours
+        : null,
   };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue b/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue
index 5d6fc8bce..a7709d33b 100644
--- a/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue
+++ b/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ import UiSelect from '../kit/UiSelect.js';
 import RailChips from '../rail/RailChips.vue';
 import NewsCard from './NewsCard.vue';
 
-// The News panel: the last 24 hours only. Hotspot chips, filters, the chosen
+// The News panel: the window the server serves only (the last 24 hours, or
+// fewer where the host serves less). Hotspot chips, filters, the chosen
 // event, "In view" (reports near the view centre while the camera is low)
 // and a continuous feed, newest first. It renders the `feed` view the news
 // layer publishes and acts only through `onParams`.
@@ -75,9 +76,11 @@ const clear = () => props.onParams({ clear: true });
   <section
     v-if="view"
     class="news-readout"
-    :aria-label="t('News, last 24 hours')"
+    :aria-label="t('News, last {hours} hours', { hours: view.windowHours })"
   >
-    <p class="news-readout__window ui-mono">{{ t('Last 24 h') }}</p>
+    <p class="news-readout__window ui-mono">{{
+      t('Last {hours} h', { hours: view.windowHours })
+    }}</p>
     <div class="news-readout__chips" role="group" :aria-label="t('Hotspots')">
       <RailChips
         :chips="chips"
@@ -136,7 +139,11 @@ const clear = () => props.onParams({ clear: true });
       <UiEmpty
         v-else-if="!view.inView.items.length && !view.inView.loading"
         class="news-readout__empty"
-        :title="t('Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h')"
+        :title="
+          t('Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h', {
+            hours: view.windowHours,
+          })
+        "
       />
       <ol
         v-else
@@ -173,7 +180,11 @@ const clear = () => props.onParams({ clear: true });
       <UiEmpty
         v-else-if="!view.loading && !view.error"
         class="news-readout__empty"
-        :title="t('No news matches these filters in the last 24 h')"
+        :title="
+          t('No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h', {
+            hours: view.windowHours,
+          })
+        "
       />
       <div class="news-readout__footer">
         <span class="news-readout__status" role="status">{{ status }}</span>
diff --git a/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs b/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
index e6073b0a7..a04dae5a4 100644
--- a/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ function view(extra = {}) {
     inView: { active: false, loading: false, error: null, items: [] },
     selected: null,
     hasMore: true,
+    windowHours: 24,
     loading: false,
     error: null,
     ...extra,
@@ -276,3 +277,12 @@ test('scrolling to the end asks once per page, again after a filter change or a
   assert.equal(loadMores(), 3);
   news.destroy();
 });
+
+test('the panel names the window the server serves', () => {
+  const { news, panel } = fixture();
+  news.update(view({ windowHours: 12 }));
+  assert.equal(
+    panel.querySelector('.news-readout__window').textContent,
+    'Last 12 h',
+  );
+});

From ee3593cfbd9c76a34966ab6846a568808b29b3f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 2026 10:43:26 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 044/181] Ask for detailed news outlines and keep checked
 severities

Outlines move to geometry version 4: the news server now follows Natural
Earth's own border vertices instead of a coarse grid, and the new version is a
new cache entry. A severity a reviewer set (severityBy 'label') is kept as such
instead of reading as the rules'.
---
 src/layers/news/model.test.mjs  | 14 ++++++++++++++
 src/layers/news/records.js      |  4 +++-
 src/layers/news/source.js       |  2 +-
 src/layers/news/source.test.mjs |  6 +++---
 4 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
index b5f3eaba7..e603a1cd2 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
@@ -600,3 +600,17 @@ test('the hotspots answer carries the window it was counted over', () => {
     null,
   );
 });
+
+test('a checked severity keeps saying who set it', () => {
+  const page = normalizeFeedPayload({
+    reports: ['label', 'model', 'guess'].map((by, i) => ({
+      ...report(`r${i}`, '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z'),
+      severity: 2,
+      severityBy: by,
+    })),
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    page.reports.map((r) => r.severityBy),
+    ['label', 'model', 'rules'],
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/news/records.js b/src/layers/news/records.js
index e573f9ac9..afedc1337 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/records.js
@@ -253,7 +253,9 @@ function normalizeReport(raw) {
       ? raw.relevance
       : 'related',
     severity: severity(raw.severity),
-    severityBy: raw.severityBy === 'model' ? 'model' : 'rules',
+    severityBy: ['model', 'label'].includes(raw.severityBy)
+      ? raw.severityBy
+      : 'rules',
     claim:
       raw.claim && typeof raw.claim === 'object'
         ? { by: text(raw.claim.by, 80) }
diff --git a/src/layers/news/source.js b/src/layers/news/source.js
index 8c739584b..be1df6846 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/source.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/source.js
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ const msg = (text) => text;
 const MAX_BYTES = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
 const BASE_PATH = '/api/news';
 // The outline geometry version the client draws (disputed areas included).
-const OUTLINE_VERSION = '3';
+const OUTLINE_VERSION = '4';
 
 /** The three read routes the news layer calls, for a host's path allowlist. */
 export const NEWS_API_PATHS = Object.freeze([
diff --git a/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
index c99be800c..4024b88f4 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ test('reads validated hotspots, feed and outlines from the same-origin routes',
     [
       '/api/news/hotspots',
       '/api/news/feed?hotspot=all&limit=60&today=1',
-      '/api/news/outline?hotspot=ua&v=3',
-      '/api/news/outline?country=SD&v=3',
+      '/api/news/outline?hotspot=ua&v=4',
+      '/api/news/outline?country=SD&v=4',
     ],
   );
   for (const { url, init } of calls) {
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ test('the host allowlist admits the client routes and refuses anything else', ()
     '/api/news/air-alerts',
     '/api/news/outline?hotspot=ua',
     '/api/news/outline?hotspot=ua&v=2',
-    '/api/news/outline?country=ukraine&v=3',
+    '/api/news/outline?country=ukraine&v=4',
   ])
     assert.equal(allowed(path), false, path);
 });

From 4817d2a648a9f3de462dc68e36af526f82adee7e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 2026 22:44:33 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 045/181] Let the News panel narrow the window to 12, 6, 3 or 1
 hours

The panel's window label becomes a choice of the server's window and each
shorter one. The feed and map filter to it locally; the hotspot counts are
read again for it (/api/news/hotspots?hours=N, now on the allowlist). A
server names the longest window it serves as maxWindowHours.
---
 changelog.d/1-news-layer.md     |  5 ++--
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json        |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/de.json        |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/es.json        |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json        |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/it.json        |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json        |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json        |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json        |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json        |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json     |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json   |  1 +
 src/layers/news/index.js        | 35 ++++++++++++++++++++----
 src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs  | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/news/model.js        | 14 ++++++++++
 src/layers/news/model.test.mjs  | 19 +++++++++++++
 src/layers/news/records.js      | 19 ++++++-------
 src/layers/news/source.js       | 17 +++++++++---
 src/layers/news/source.test.mjs |  7 +++++
 src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue        | 22 +++++++++++++--
 src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs       | 18 +++++++++++++
 src/ui/styles/news.css          |  5 ++++
 22 files changed, 198 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md b/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
index 8915beafa..9fca38575 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 - Add the News layer (Events ▸ News) and its right-rail NEWS panel: the last
-  24 hours from curated hotspots (or the fewer hours a server names, shown in
-  the panel), coloured by severity only, with hotspot
+  24 hours from curated hotspots (or the fewer hours a server names), narrowed
+  in the panel to the last 12, 6, 3 or 1 hours with the hotspot counts read for
+  that window, coloured by severity only, with hotspot
   beacons, outlines with disputed areas, picture cards for major events, an
   "In view" list below 3,000 km and a continuous feed whose cards fly the globe
   to the event. Core serves no news itself: set `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` to a news
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index a03ffc9b2..fc186e34c 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@
   "Reading the news…": "جارٍ قراءة الأخبار…",
   "News, last {hours} hours": "الأخبار، آخر {hours} ساعة",
   "Last {hours} h": "آخر {hours} ساعة",
+  "Time window": "الفترة الزمنية",
   "Hotspots": "بؤر ساخنة",
   "Severity": "الخطورة",
   "Category": "الفئة",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index e773191b7..6507be847 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
   "Reading the news…": "Nachrichten werden gelesen…",
   "News, last {hours} hours": "Nachrichten der letzten {hours} Stunden",
   "Last {hours} h": "Letzte {hours} Std.",
+  "Time window": "Zeitraum",
   "Hotspots": "Brennpunkte",
   "Severity": "Schweregrad",
   "Category": "Kategorie",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index f0cbb5cbd..421a46e9e 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
   "Reading the news…": "Leyendo las noticias…",
   "News, last {hours} hours": "Noticias de las últimas {hours} horas",
   "Last {hours} h": "Últimas {hours} h",
+  "Time window": "Periodo",
   "Hotspots": "Focos",
   "Severity": "Gravedad",
   "Category": "Categoría",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index 60329833c..479f318bf 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
   "Reading the news…": "Lecture des actualités…",
   "News, last {hours} hours": "Actualités des dernières {hours} heures",
   "Last {hours} h": "Dernières {hours} h",
+  "Time window": "Période",
   "Hotspots": "Foyers",
   "Severity": "Gravité",
   "Category": "Catégorie",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index 92a597e40..05d0cf825 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
   "Reading the news…": "Lettura delle notizie…",
   "News, last {hours} hours": "Notizie delle ultime {hours} ore",
   "Last {hours} h": "Ultime {hours} h",
+  "Time window": "Periodo",
   "Hotspots": "Focolai",
   "Severity": "Gravità",
   "Category": "Categoria",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index 67a102e67..2659d0c93 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
   "Reading the news…": "ニュースを読み込み中…",
   "News, last {hours} hours": "直近{hours}時間のニュース",
   "Last {hours} h": "直近{hours}時間",
+  "Time window": "期間",
   "Hotspots": "ホットスポット",
   "Severity": "深刻度",
   "Category": "カテゴリ",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index d66890fa9..c1d6619ce 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
   "Reading the news…": "Lendo as notícias…",
   "News, last {hours} hours": "Notícias das últimas {hours} horas",
   "Last {hours} h": "Últimas {hours} h",
+  "Time window": "Período",
   "Hotspots": "Focos",
   "Severity": "Gravidade",
   "Category": "Categoria",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index 74a39f5be..f1312aaeb 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@
   "Reading the news…": "Читаем новости…",
   "News, last {hours} hours": "Новости за последние {hours} ч",
   "Last {hours} h": "За {hours} ч",
+  "Time window": "Период",
   "Hotspots": "Горячие точки",
   "Severity": "Тяжесть",
   "Category": "Категория",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index 7125396c0..bae636daa 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@
   "Reading the news…": "Читаємо новини…",
   "News, last {hours} hours": "Новини за останні {hours} год",
   "Last {hours} h": "За {hours} год",
+  "Time window": "Період",
   "Hotspots": "Гарячі точки",
   "Severity": "Тяжкість",
   "Category": "Категорія",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index 654189a6f..e302067af 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
   "Reading the news…": "正在读取新闻…",
   "News, last {hours} hours": "最近 {hours} 小时的新闻",
   "Last {hours} h": "最近 {hours} 小时",
+  "Time window": "时间范围",
   "Hotspots": "热点",
   "Severity": "严重程度",
   "Category": "类别",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index f18e75d07..4af53af9c 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
   "Reading the news…": "正在讀取新聞…",
   "News, last {hours} hours": "最近 {hours} 小時的新聞",
   "Last {hours} h": "最近 {hours} 小時",
+  "Time window": "時間範圍",
   "Hotspots": "熱點",
   "Severity": "嚴重程度",
   "Category": "類別",
diff --git a/src/layers/news/index.js b/src/layers/news/index.js
index 21450bd55..40fd902d9 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/index.js
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ import {
   markerStyle,
   mediaLabels,
   mergeFeedPage,
+  newsWindowChoices,
   newsWindowMs,
   normalizeFilters,
   passesFilters,
@@ -142,7 +143,9 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     autoPages = 0;
   let hotspots = [];
   // The window the server serves (newsWindowMs): a host may serve
-  // fewer hours than the day.
+  // fewer hours than the day. `windowMs` is the one shown: that window, or a
+  // shorter one chosen in the panel (filters.hours).
+  let maxWindowMs = NEWS_WINDOW_MS;
   let windowMs = NEWS_WINDOW_MS;
   let mapReports = [];
   let feed = emptyFeed();
@@ -165,6 +168,11 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     null;
   const selected = () => (selectedId ? findReport(selectedId) : null);
   const onMap = (report) => visibleOnMap(report, filters, now(), windowMs);
+  const shownWindowMs = () =>
+    Math.min(maxWindowMs, (filters.hours ?? Infinity) * 3_600_000);
+  // The hours to ask the hotspot counts for, when shorter than the server's.
+  const askedHours = () =>
+    windowMs < maxWindowMs ? windowMs / 3_600_000 : undefined;
 
   function markerCartesian(report, pin = 0) {
     const { lat, lon } = reportMarkerPosition(report, pin);
@@ -920,7 +928,9 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
       if (controller.signal.aborted || inViewRequest !== controller) return;
       inView = {
         ...inView,
-        minor: page.reports.filter((r) => withinNewsWindow(r, now(), windowMs)),
+        minor: page.reports.filter((r) =>
+          withinNewsWindow(r, now(), maxWindowMs),
+        ),
         loading: false,
         error: null,
       };
@@ -1045,6 +1055,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
       error: error || feed.error ? t(error || feed.error) : null,
       lastRunAt,
       windowHours: windowMs / 3_600_000,
+      windowChoices: newsWindowChoices(maxWindowMs / 3_600_000),
     };
   }
 
@@ -1139,7 +1150,10 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
       notify();
       try {
         const [index, todays] = await Promise.all([
-          source.getHotspots({ signal: controller.signal }),
+          source.getHotspots({
+            signal: controller.signal,
+            hours: askedHours(),
+          }),
           source.getFeed(
             {
               hotspot: 'all',
@@ -1157,9 +1171,16 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         hotspots = index.hotspots;
         loadOutlines();
         lastRunAt = index.lastRunAt;
-        windowMs = newsWindowMs(index.windowHours);
+        // A server that names no limit serves the window its counts cover
+        // when asked for none.
+        maxWindowMs = newsWindowMs(
+          index.maxWindowHours ??
+            (askedHours() ? maxWindowMs / 3_600_000 : index.windowHours),
+        );
+        windowMs = shownWindowMs();
+        // Kept for the server's whole window, so a longer choice needs no read.
         mapReports = todays.reports.filter((r) =>
-          withinNewsWindow(r, now(), windowMs),
+          withinNewsWindow(r, now(), maxWindowMs),
         );
         filters = normalizeFilters({}, hotspots, filters);
         error = null;
@@ -1196,6 +1217,8 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         const reread = readKey(next) !== readKey(filters);
         const minorChanged = next.includeMinor !== filters.includeMinor;
         filters = next;
+        const previousWindowMs = windowMs;
+        windowMs = shownWindowMs();
         if (
           Object.hasOwn(params.filters, 'hotspot') &&
           next.hotspot !== 'all'
@@ -1208,6 +1231,8 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         render();
         if (reread) void loadFeed('replace');
         if (minorChanged) void refreshInView({ force: true });
+        // The hotspot counts are the server's, so a new window reads them again.
+        if (windowMs !== previousWindowMs) void layer.update(viewer);
         notify();
       }
       if (params.loadMore === true) void loadFeed('append');
diff --git a/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
index 92ebef968..dd567f448 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
@@ -275,6 +275,53 @@ test('In view with minor news reads once, not per pan; a failed read shows', asy
   assert.deepEqual(view.items, []);
 });
 
+test('a shorter window narrows the feed and reads the hotspot counts for it', async (t) => {
+  const asked = [];
+  const { layer } = fixture(t, {
+    source: {
+      getHotspots: async ({ hours } = {}) => {
+        asked.push(hours);
+        return {
+          ...hotspotsPayload,
+          windowHours: hours ?? 12,
+          maxWindowHours: 12,
+        };
+      },
+      getFeed: async () => ({
+        reports: [
+          report('recent', { publishedAt: '2026-10-28T09:30:00.000Z' }),
+          report('earlier', { publishedAt: '2026-10-28T05:00:00.000Z' }),
+        ],
+        nextBefore: null,
+      }),
+    },
+  });
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  await settle();
+  let view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.deepEqual(view.windowChoices, [12, 6, 3, 1]);
+  assert.equal(view.windowHours, 12);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    view.items.map((item) => item.id),
+    ['recent', 'earlier'],
+  );
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { hours: 3 } });
+  view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.equal(view.windowHours, 3);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    view.items.map((item) => item.id),
+    ['recent'],
+  );
+  for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) await settle();
+  assert.deepEqual(asked, [undefined, 3]);
+  // The server's own window still bounds the choices.
+  assert.deepEqual(layer.getRowControls().feed.windowChoices, [12, 6, 3, 1]);
+  // A choice longer than the server serves shows all it serves.
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { hours: 24 } });
+  assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.windowHours, 12);
+});
+
 test('a server without news is unavailable once and is not asked again', async (t) => {
   const failure = Object.assign(
     new Error('News feed not configured on this server'),
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.js b/src/layers/news/model.js
index 075329227..d3c4dc219 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.js
@@ -21,6 +21,18 @@ export function newsWindowMs(hours) {
     ? hours * 3_600_000
     : NEWS_WINDOW_MS;
 }
+
+/** The windows the News panel offers, longest first. */
+export const NEWS_WINDOW_CHOICES = Object.freeze([24, 12, 6, 3, 1]);
+
+/**
+ * The windows offered under a server's own window of `maxHours`: that window
+ * itself, then each shorter choice.
+ */
+export function newsWindowChoices(maxHours) {
+  const cap = newsWindowMs(maxHours) / 3_600_000;
+  return [cap, ...NEWS_WINDOW_CHOICES.filter((hours) => hours < cap)];
+}
 // A publish time this far ahead of the clock is skew, not a future story
 // (as data/regionalNewsWindow.js).
 const NEWS_CLOCK_SKEW_MS = 15 * 60_000;
@@ -616,6 +628,8 @@ export function normalizeFilters(next = {}, hotspots = [], previous = {}) {
     includeMinor: merged.includeMinor === true,
     // Event cards on the map; off leaves only the clicked event's card.
     cards: merged.cards !== false,
+    // A shorter window than the server's; null shows all it serves.
+    hours: NEWS_WINDOW_CHOICES.includes(merged.hours) ? merged.hours : null,
   };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
index e603a1cd2..dffeb0793 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import {
   isPressing,
   markerStyle,
   mergeFeedPage,
+  newsWindowChoices,
   newsWindowMs,
   normalizeFilters,
   passesFilters,
@@ -287,8 +288,11 @@ test('filters default to significant news and map to a last-24-hours query', ()
     minSeverity: 2,
     includeMinor: false,
     cards: true,
+    hours: null,
   });
   assert.equal(normalizeFilters({ cards: false }, hotspots).cards, false);
+  assert.equal(normalizeFilters({ hours: 6 }, hotspots).hours, 6);
+  assert.equal(normalizeFilters({ hours: 5 }, hotspots).hours, null);
   assert.equal(normalizeFilters({ minSeverity: 0 }, hotspots).minSeverity, 0);
   assert.equal(normalizeFilters({ hotspot: 'gone' }, hotspots).hotspot, 'all');
   assert.equal(
@@ -599,6 +603,21 @@ test('the hotspots answer carries the window it was counted over', () => {
     normalizeHotspotsPayload({ ...base, windowHours: 48 }).windowHours,
     null,
   );
+  const shorter = normalizeHotspotsPayload({
+    ...base,
+    windowHours: 3,
+    maxWindowHours: 12,
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual([shorter.windowHours, shorter.maxWindowHours], [3, 12]);
+  assert.equal(normalizeHotspotsPayload(base).maxWindowHours, null);
+});
+
+test('the window choices stop at the window the server serves', () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(newsWindowChoices(24), [24, 12, 6, 3, 1]);
+  assert.deepEqual(newsWindowChoices(12), [12, 6, 3, 1]);
+  assert.deepEqual(newsWindowChoices(8), [8, 6, 3, 1]);
+  assert.deepEqual(newsWindowChoices(1), [1]);
+  assert.deepEqual(newsWindowChoices(null), [24, 12, 6, 3, 1]);
 });
 
 test('a checked severity keeps saying who set it', () => {
diff --git a/src/layers/news/records.js b/src/layers/news/records.js
index afedc1337..a4ec22462 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/records.js
@@ -95,10 +95,15 @@ function normalizeDeveloping(items) {
   return out;
 }
 
+const hoursOrNull = (hours) =>
+  Number.isInteger(hours) && hours >= 1 && hours <= 24 ? hours : null;
+
 /**
- * `/api/news/hotspots` → `{hotspots, categories, lastRunAt, windowHours}`
- * (`windowHours` null when the server names none), or null when the
- * payload has no hotspot list.
+ * `/api/news/hotspots` → `{hotspots, categories, lastRunAt, windowHours,
+ * maxWindowHours}`, or null when the payload has no hotspot list.
+ * `windowHours` is the window the counts cover and `maxWindowHours` the
+ * longest the server serves this reader; each is null when the server names
+ * none.
  */
 export function normalizeHotspotsPayload(payload) {
   if (!Array.isArray(payload?.hotspots)) return null;
@@ -136,12 +141,8 @@ export function normalizeHotspotsPayload(payload) {
         )
       : [],
     lastRunAt: iso(payload.ingest?.lastRunAt),
-    windowHours:
-      Number.isInteger(payload.windowHours) &&
-      payload.windowHours >= 1 &&
-      payload.windowHours <= 24
-        ? payload.windowHours
-        : null,
+    windowHours: hoursOrNull(payload.windowHours),
+    maxWindowHours: hoursOrNull(payload.maxWindowHours),
   };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/layers/news/source.js b/src/layers/news/source.js
index be1df6846..b08941510 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/source.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/source.js
@@ -63,7 +63,15 @@ export function newsFeedQuery(query = {}) {
 export function newsQueryAllowed(url) {
   const params = [...url.searchParams];
   if (new Set(params.map(([key]) => key)).size !== params.length) return false;
-  if (url.pathname === `${BASE_PATH}/hotspots`) return params.length === 0;
+  if (url.pathname === `${BASE_PATH}/hotspots`)
+    return (
+      params.length === 0 ||
+      (params.length === 1 &&
+        params[0][0] === 'hours' &&
+        /^\d{1,2}$/.test(params[0][1]) &&
+        Number(params[0][1]) >= 1 &&
+        Number(params[0][1]) <= 24)
+    );
   if (url.pathname === `${BASE_PATH}/outline`) {
     const keys = params.map(([key]) => key).sort();
     const value = url.searchParams;
@@ -128,9 +136,12 @@ export function createNewsSource({
     return readResponseJsonCapped(response, MAX_BYTES, request);
   }
   return {
-    async getHotspots({ signal } = {}) {
+    // `hours` asks for counts over a shorter window than the server's own.
+    async getHotspots({ signal, hours } = {}) {
       const payload = normalizeHotspotsPayload(
-        await get('/hotspots', { signal }),
+        await get(hours ? `/hotspots?hours=${hours}` : '/hotspots', {
+          signal,
+        }),
       );
       if (!payload) throw new Error(msg('Malformed news hotspots response'));
       return payload;
diff --git a/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
index 4024b88f4..d421e5725 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ test('reads validated hotspots, feed and outlines from the same-origin routes',
   );
   assert.deepEqual((await source.getOutline('ua')).polygons, []);
   await source.getCountryOutline('SD');
+  await source.getHotspots({ hours: 6 });
   assert.deepEqual(
     calls.map((c) => c.url),
     [
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ test('reads validated hotspots, feed and outlines from the same-origin routes',
       '/api/news/feed?hotspot=all&limit=60&today=1',
       '/api/news/outline?hotspot=ua&v=4',
       '/api/news/outline?country=SD&v=4',
+      '/api/news/hotspots?hours=6',
     ],
   );
   for (const { url, init } of calls) {
@@ -155,7 +157,12 @@ test('the host allowlist admits the client routes and refuses anything else', ()
     ),
     true,
   );
+  assert.equal(allowed('/api/news/hotspots?hours=6'), true);
   for (const path of [
+    '/api/news/hotspots?hours=0',
+    '/api/news/hotspots?hours=25',
+    '/api/news/hotspots?hours=6&hours=3',
+    '/api/news/hotspots?hours=6&x=1',
     '/api/news/hotspots?x=1',
     '/api/news/feed?limit=501',
     '/api/news/feed?limit=0',
diff --git a/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue b/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue
index a7709d33b..23cdffaed 100644
--- a/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue
+++ b/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ import RailChips from '../rail/RailChips.vue';
 import NewsCard from './NewsCard.vue';
 
 // The News panel: the window the server serves only (the last 24 hours, or
-// fewer where the host serves less). Hotspot chips, filters, the chosen
+// fewer where the host serves less), or a shorter one chosen at the
+// top (24/12/6/3/1 h). Hotspot chips, filters, the chosen
 // event, "In view" (reports near the view centre while the camera is low)
 // and a continuous feed, newest first. It renders the `feed` view the news
 // layer publishes and acts only through `onParams`.
@@ -44,6 +45,15 @@ const categoryOptions = computed(() => [
   { value: 'all', label: t('All categories') },
   ...(props.view?.categories ?? []),
 ]);
+const windowOptions = computed(() =>
+  (props.view?.windowChoices ?? []).map((hours) => ({
+    value: String(hours),
+    label: t('Last {hours} h', { hours }),
+  })),
+);
+// The longest choice is the server's whole window, kept as no choice.
+const chooseWindow = (hours) =>
+  setFilter('hours', hours === props.view?.windowChoices?.[0] ? null : hours);
 const selectedId = computed(() => props.view?.selected?.id ?? null);
 // The chosen event leads the panel unless the feed already shows it open.
 const selectedApart = computed(() => {
@@ -78,7 +88,15 @@ const clear = () => props.onParams({ clear: true });
     class="news-readout"
     :aria-label="t('News, last {hours} hours', { hours: view.windowHours })"
   >
-    <p class="news-readout__window ui-mono">{{
+    <UiSelect
+      v-if="windowOptions.length > 1"
+      class="gev-field news-filter news-readout__window-choice"
+      :aria-label="t('Time window')"
+      :model-value="String(view.windowHours)"
+      :options="windowOptions"
+      @update:model-value="chooseWindow(Number($event))"
+    />
+    <p v-else class="news-readout__window ui-mono">{{
       t('Last {hours} h', { hours: view.windowHours })
     }}</p>
     <div class="news-readout__chips" role="group" :aria-label="t('Hotspots')">
diff --git a/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs b/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
index a04dae5a4..0b40fcea8 100644
--- a/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
@@ -278,6 +278,24 @@ test('scrolling to the end asks once per page, again after a filter change or a
   news.destroy();
 });
 
+test('the window choice offers shorter windows; the longest is the server window', () => {
+  const { news, panel, calls } = fixture();
+  news.update(view({ windowHours: 12, windowChoices: [12, 6, 3, 1] }));
+  assert.equal(panel.querySelector('.news-readout__window'), null);
+  const choice = panel.querySelector('select[aria-label="Time window"]');
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [...choice.options].map((option) => option.textContent),
+    ['Last 12 h', 'Last 6 h', 'Last 3 h', 'Last 1 h'],
+  );
+  assert.equal(choice.value, '12');
+  choice.value = '3';
+  choice.dispatchEvent(new Event('change'));
+  assert.deepEqual(calls.at(-1)[1], { filters: { hours: 3 } });
+  choice.value = '12';
+  choice.dispatchEvent(new Event('change'));
+  assert.deepEqual(calls.at(-1)[1], { filters: { hours: null } });
+});
+
 test('the panel names the window the server serves', () => {
   const { news, panel } = fixture();
   news.update(view({ windowHours: 12 }));
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/news.css b/src/ui/styles/news.css
index fe35a4f08..2baab0245 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/news.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/news.css
@@ -131,6 +131,11 @@
 .news-filter {
   min-width: 0;
 }
+/* The window choice sits where the window label does, as narrow as its text. */
+.news-readout__window-choice {
+  align-self: flex-start;
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+}
 .news-toggle {
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;

From f72f79f48b5361fde609b7b006be3fd00f1c0c30 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 2026 23:33:44 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 046/181] Split the News panel into Conflicts and Local

Conflicts is the hotspots' significant news, on the map whenever the layer is
on. Local lists every report within 500 km of the view centre below 3,000 km,
and the map shows those instead while it is chosen. The section replaces the
"Include minor news" and "Show event cards" toggles: picture cards are always
on, and Local is what reads minor news. The Conflicts feed reads the same
whichever section is shown.
---
 changelog.d/1-news-layer.md    |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json       |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/de.json       |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/es.json       |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json       |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/it.json       |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json       |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json       |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json       |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json       |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json    |   7 +-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json  |   7 +-
 src/i18n/same-as-english.json  |   3 +
 src/layers/news/index.js       |  87 ++++++++++++++--------
 src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs | 132 ++++++++++++++++-----------------
 src/layers/news/model.js       |  28 +++++--
 src/layers/news/model.test.mjs |  20 +++--
 src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue       |  74 +++++++++++-------
 src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs      |  40 ++++++----
 src/ui/styles/news.css         |   1 +
 20 files changed, 280 insertions(+), 189 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md b/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
index 9fca38575..4e65d9d10 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
   24 hours from curated hotspots (or the fewer hours a server names), narrowed
   in the panel to the last 12, 6, 3 or 1 hours with the hotspot counts read for
   that window, coloured by severity only, with hotspot
-  beacons, outlines with disputed areas, picture cards for major events, an
-  "In view" list below 3,000 km and a continuous feed whose cards fly the globe
-  to the event. Core serves no news itself: set `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` to a news
+  beacons, outlines with disputed areas, picture cards for major events and a
+  continuous feed whose cards fly the globe to the event. The panel's Local
+  section lists every report within 500 km of the view below 3,000 km, and the
+  map shows those instead of the hotspots' news while it is chosen. Core serves no news itself: set `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` to a news
   server and the local server forwards the layer's three read routes there.
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index fc186e34c..3311dac2d 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -85,12 +85,13 @@
   "News, last {hours} hours": "الأخبار، آخر {hours} ساعة",
   "Last {hours} h": "آخر {hours} ساعة",
   "Time window": "الفترة الزمنية",
+  "Conflicts": "النزاعات",
+  "Local": "محلي",
+  "News sections": "أقسام الأخبار",
+  "Zoom in to see local news": "قرّب الخريطة لرؤية الأخبار المحلية",
   "Hotspots": "بؤر ساخنة",
   "Severity": "الخطورة",
   "Category": "الفئة",
-  "Include minor news": "تضمين الأخبار الثانوية",
-  "Show event cards": "إظهار بطاقات الأحداث",
-  "In view": "في مجال الرؤية",
   "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "لم يُبلَّغ عن شيء قريب من هنا في آخر {hours} ساعة",
   "Latest news": "آخر الأخبار",
   "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "لا أخبار تطابق هذه المرشحات في آخر {hours} ساعة",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index 6507be847..7f53f1d53 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -73,12 +73,13 @@
   "News, last {hours} hours": "Nachrichten der letzten {hours} Stunden",
   "Last {hours} h": "Letzte {hours} Std.",
   "Time window": "Zeitraum",
+  "Conflicts": "Konflikte",
+  "Local": "Lokal",
+  "News sections": "Nachrichtenbereiche",
+  "Zoom in to see local news": "Hineinzoomen, um lokale Nachrichten zu sehen",
   "Hotspots": "Brennpunkte",
   "Severity": "Schweregrad",
   "Category": "Kategorie",
-  "Include minor news": "Nebensächliche Meldungen einbeziehen",
-  "Show event cards": "Ereigniskarten zeigen",
-  "In view": "Im Blick",
   "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "In den letzten {hours} h nichts in der Nähe gemeldet",
   "Latest news": "Neueste Nachrichten",
   "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "Keine Nachrichten der letzten {hours} h passen zu diesen Filtern",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index 421a46e9e..2c92a3bc9 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -76,12 +76,13 @@
   "News, last {hours} hours": "Noticias de las últimas {hours} horas",
   "Last {hours} h": "Últimas {hours} h",
   "Time window": "Periodo",
+  "Conflicts": "Conflictos",
+  "Local": "Local",
+  "News sections": "Secciones de noticias",
+  "Zoom in to see local news": "Acerca el mapa para ver noticias locales",
   "Hotspots": "Focos",
   "Severity": "Gravedad",
   "Category": "Categoría",
-  "Include minor news": "Incluir noticias menores",
-  "Show event cards": "Mostrar tarjetas de sucesos",
-  "In view": "A la vista",
   "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "Nada informado cerca de aquí en las últimas {hours} h",
   "Latest news": "Últimas noticias",
   "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "Ninguna noticia de las últimas {hours} h coincide con estos filtros",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index 479f318bf..ad951d328 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -76,12 +76,13 @@
   "News, last {hours} hours": "Actualités des dernières {hours} heures",
   "Last {hours} h": "Dernières {hours} h",
   "Time window": "Période",
+  "Conflicts": "Conflits",
+  "Local": "Local",
+  "News sections": "Rubriques d’actualité",
+  "Zoom in to see local news": "Zoomez pour voir l’actualité locale",
   "Hotspots": "Foyers",
   "Severity": "Gravité",
   "Category": "Catégorie",
-  "Include minor news": "Inclure les actualités secondaires",
-  "Show event cards": "Afficher les cartes d’événement",
-  "In view": "Dans la vue",
   "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "Rien de signalé près d’ici ces dernières {hours} h",
   "Latest news": "Dernières actualités",
   "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "Aucune actualité des dernières {hours} h ne correspond à ces filtres",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index 05d0cf825..5f5caa805 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -76,12 +76,13 @@
   "News, last {hours} hours": "Notizie delle ultime {hours} ore",
   "Last {hours} h": "Ultime {hours} h",
   "Time window": "Periodo",
+  "Conflicts": "Conflitti",
+  "Local": "Locale",
+  "News sections": "Sezioni notizie",
+  "Zoom in to see local news": "Ingrandisci per vedere le notizie locali",
   "Hotspots": "Focolai",
   "Severity": "Gravità",
   "Category": "Categoria",
-  "Include minor news": "Includi notizie minori",
-  "Show event cards": "Mostra le schede degli eventi",
-  "In view": "In vista",
   "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "Nulla segnalato qui vicino nelle ultime {hours} h",
   "Latest news": "Ultime notizie",
   "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "Nessuna notizia delle ultime {hours} h corrisponde a questi filtri",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index 2659d0c93..d73bee402 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -70,12 +70,13 @@
   "News, last {hours} hours": "直近{hours}時間のニュース",
   "Last {hours} h": "直近{hours}時間",
   "Time window": "期間",
+  "Conflicts": "紛争",
+  "Local": "ローカル",
+  "News sections": "ニュースの区分",
+  "Zoom in to see local news": "拡大するとローカルニュースが表示されます",
   "Hotspots": "ホットスポット",
   "Severity": "深刻度",
   "Category": "カテゴリ",
-  "Include minor news": "軽微なニュースも含める",
-  "Show event cards": "イベントカードを表示",
-  "In view": "表示範囲内",
   "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "直近{hours}時間、この付近の報道はありません",
   "Latest news": "最新ニュース",
   "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "直近{hours}時間で条件に合うニュースはありません",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index c1d6619ce..2f9ebcbf9 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -76,12 +76,13 @@
   "News, last {hours} hours": "Notícias das últimas {hours} horas",
   "Last {hours} h": "Últimas {hours} h",
   "Time window": "Período",
+  "Conflicts": "Conflitos",
+  "Local": "Local",
+  "News sections": "Secções de notícias",
+  "Zoom in to see local news": "Aproxime para ver notícias locais",
   "Hotspots": "Focos",
   "Severity": "Gravidade",
   "Category": "Categoria",
-  "Include minor news": "Incluir notícias menores",
-  "Show event cards": "Mostrar cartões de eventos",
-  "In view": "Na vista",
   "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "Nada noticiado aqui perto nas últimas {hours} h",
   "Latest news": "Últimas notícias",
   "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "Nenhuma notícia das últimas {hours} h corresponde a estes filtros",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index f1312aaeb..8de804c4b 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -79,12 +79,13 @@
   "News, last {hours} hours": "Новости за последние {hours} ч",
   "Last {hours} h": "За {hours} ч",
   "Time window": "Период",
+  "Conflicts": "Конфликты",
+  "Local": "Местные",
+  "News sections": "Разделы новостей",
+  "Zoom in to see local news": "Приблизьте карту, чтобы увидеть местные новости",
   "Hotspots": "Горячие точки",
   "Severity": "Тяжесть",
   "Category": "Категория",
-  "Include minor news": "Показывать второстепенные новости",
-  "Show event cards": "Показывать карточки событий",
-  "In view": "В поле зрения",
   "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "За последние {hours} ч поблизости ничего не сообщалось",
   "Latest news": "Последние новости",
   "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "За последние {hours} ч нет новостей по этим фильтрам",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index bae636daa..8db82b9f2 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -79,12 +79,13 @@
   "News, last {hours} hours": "Новини за останні {hours} год",
   "Last {hours} h": "За {hours} год",
   "Time window": "Період",
+  "Conflicts": "Конфлікти",
+  "Local": "Місцеві",
+  "News sections": "Розділи новин",
+  "Zoom in to see local news": "Наблизьте мапу, щоб побачити місцеві новини",
   "Hotspots": "Гарячі точки",
   "Severity": "Тяжкість",
   "Category": "Категорія",
-  "Include minor news": "Показувати другорядні новини",
-  "Show event cards": "Показувати картки подій",
-  "In view": "У полі зору",
   "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "За останні {hours} год поблизу нічого не повідомлялося",
   "Latest news": "Останні новини",
   "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "За останні {hours} год немає новин за цими фільтрами",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index e302067af..e4b6c0920 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -70,12 +70,13 @@
   "News, last {hours} hours": "最近 {hours} 小时的新闻",
   "Last {hours} h": "最近 {hours} 小时",
   "Time window": "时间范围",
+  "Conflicts": "冲突",
+  "Local": "本地",
+  "News sections": "新闻分区",
+  "Zoom in to see local news": "放大地图以查看本地新闻",
   "Hotspots": "热点",
   "Severity": "严重程度",
   "Category": "类别",
-  "Include minor news": "包括次要新闻",
-  "Show event cards": "显示事件卡片",
-  "In view": "视野内",
   "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "最近 {hours} 小时附近无报道",
   "Latest news": "最新新闻",
   "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "最近 {hours} 小时没有符合这些筛选条件的新闻",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index 4af53af9c..976688ef9 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -70,12 +70,13 @@
   "News, last {hours} hours": "最近 {hours} 小時的新聞",
   "Last {hours} h": "最近 {hours} 小時",
   "Time window": "時間範圍",
+  "Conflicts": "衝突",
+  "Local": "本地",
+  "News sections": "新聞分區",
+  "Zoom in to see local news": "放大地圖以查看本地新聞",
   "Hotspots": "熱點",
   "Severity": "嚴重程度",
   "Category": "類別",
-  "Include minor news": "包括次要新聞",
-  "Show event cards": "顯示事件卡片",
-  "In view": "視野內",
   "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "最近 {hours} 小時附近無報導",
   "Latest news": "最新新聞",
   "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "最近 {hours} 小時沒有符合這些篩選條件的新聞",
diff --git a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
index 9cc9a667d..36ce019d7 100644
--- a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
+++ b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
@@ -262,6 +262,7 @@
     "Jazz",
     "LOCAL",
     "Landsat 8/9",
+    "Local",
     "MIC",
     "MIL",
     "MINI",
@@ -421,6 +422,7 @@
     "LOCAL",
     "Landsat 8/9",
     "Landsat 8/9 via HLS",
+    "Local",
     "Los Angeles",
     "MIC",
     "MIL",
@@ -822,6 +824,7 @@
     "Landsat 8/9",
     "Landsat 8/9 via HLS",
     "Layout",
+    "Local",
     "Los Angeles",
     "MIC",
     "MIL",
diff --git a/src/layers/news/index.js b/src/layers/news/index.js
index 40fd902d9..3223d0e45 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/index.js
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import {
   NEWS_FEED_PAGE,
   NEWS_FOCUS_HEIGHT_M,
   NEWS_IN_VIEW_MAX_HEIGHT_M,
+  NEWS_LOCAL_LIMIT,
   NEWS_LAYER_ID,
   NEWS_MAP_LIMIT,
   NEWS_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ import {
   mergeFeedPage,
   newsWindowChoices,
   newsWindowMs,
+  localFilters,
   normalizeFilters,
   passesFilters,
   reportMarkerPosition,
@@ -85,8 +87,9 @@ const emptyFeed = () => ({
   loading: false,
   error: null,
 });
+// Local: `active` while the camera is low enough to have a "near here";
 // `minor` holds the day's reports with minor news included, read once while
-// that filter is on; otherwise In view uses the map's own reports.
+// the Local section is chosen.
 const emptyInView = () => ({
   active: false,
   cell: null,
@@ -167,7 +170,26 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     inView.minor?.find((r) => r.id === id) ||
     null;
   const selected = () => (selectedId ? findReport(selectedId) : null);
-  const onMap = (report) => visibleOnMap(report, filters, now(), windowMs);
+  const local = () => filters.section === 'local';
+  // Local takes the map over only while there is a "near here" to show.
+  const localMode = () => local() && inView.active;
+  const onMap = (report) =>
+    visibleOnMap(
+      report,
+      localMode() ? localFilters(filters) : filters,
+      now(),
+      windowMs,
+    );
+  // The Local section's reports near the view centre, every severity.
+  const localReports = (limit) =>
+    reportsInView(
+      inView.minor || [],
+      inView.centre,
+      localFilters(filters),
+      now(),
+      limit,
+      windowMs,
+    );
   const shownWindowMs = () =>
     Math.min(maxWindowMs, (filters.hours ?? Infinity) * 3_600_000);
   // The hours to ask the hotspot counts for, when shorter than the server's.
@@ -450,17 +472,14 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     }
   }
 
-  // The big events stand as picture cards over their marker, unless the
-  // reader has turned them off; never two on top of each other. The clicked
-  // event shows its picture card either way, under its marker, with its text
-  // card above.
+  // The big events stand as picture cards over their marker, never two on
+  // top of each other. The clicked event shows its picture card under its
+  // marker, with its text card above.
   function pictureCards(drawn, current, labels) {
-    const cardable = filters.cards
-      ? cardEvents(
-          drawn.filter((r) => r.id !== selectedId && onMap(r)),
-          now(),
-        )
-      : [];
+    const cardable = cardEvents(
+      drawn.filter((r) => r.id !== selectedId && onMap(r)),
+      now(),
+    );
     const pictured =
       current?.pins.length &&
       current.event?.size >= NEWS_CARD_MIN_SOURCES &&
@@ -582,9 +601,12 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     // A report picked in the feed or In view still gets its marker.
     const current = selected();
     const elsewhere = catchAllIds();
-    const shown = detail
-      ? mapReports
-      : mapReports.filter((r) => elsewhere.has(r.hotspotId));
+    // Local: what is near the view centre instead of the hotspots' news.
+    const shown = localMode()
+      ? localReports(NEWS_MAP_LIMIT)
+      : detail
+        ? mapReports
+        : mapReports.filter((r) => elsewhere.has(r.hotspotId));
     const drawn =
       current && !shown.some((r) => r.id === current.id)
         ? [...shown, current]
@@ -888,6 +910,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         inViewRequest?.abort();
         inViewRequest = null;
         inView = emptyInView();
+        if (local()) render();
         notify();
       }
       return;
@@ -897,7 +920,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     const cell = viewCell(centre);
     if (!force && inView.active && cell === inView.cell) return;
     inView = { ...inView, active: true, cell, centre };
-    if (!filters.includeMinor) {
+    if (!local()) {
       inViewRequest?.abort();
       inViewRequest = null;
       inView = { ...inView, minor: null, loading: false, error: null };
@@ -905,6 +928,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
       return;
     }
     if (!force && (inView.minor || inViewRequest)) {
+      render();
       notify();
       return;
     }
@@ -942,7 +966,10 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         error: cause?.message || FEED_UNAVAILABLE,
       };
     } finally {
-      if (inViewRequest === controller) inViewRequest = null;
+      if (inViewRequest === controller) {
+        inViewRequest = null;
+        render();
+      }
       notify();
     }
   }
@@ -1036,20 +1063,14 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         active: inView.active,
         loading: inView.loading,
         error: inView.error ? t(FEED_UNAVAILABLE) : null,
-        items: reportsInView(
-          filters.includeMinor ? inView.minor || [] : mapReports,
-          inView.centre,
-          filters,
-          at,
-          undefined,
-          windowMs,
-        ).map((r) => feedCardView(r, at)),
+        items: localReports(NEWS_LOCAL_LIMIT).map((r) => feedCardView(r, at)),
       },
       selected:
         report && withinNewsWindow(report, at, windowMs)
           ? feedCardView(report, at)
           : null,
-      hasMore: Boolean(feed.nextBefore),
+      // Older pages are the Conflicts feed's; Local has none to scroll to.
+      hasMore: !local() && Boolean(feed.nextBefore),
       loading: feed.loading || loading,
       // Read failures are English data; the panel shows them translated.
       error: error || feed.error ? t(error || feed.error) : null,
@@ -1211,11 +1232,11 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
       }
       if (params.filters && typeof params.filters === 'object') {
         const next = normalizeFilters(params.filters, hotspots, filters);
-        // The severity floor and the cards change what is shown, not what is read.
-        const readKey = ({ hotspot, category, includeMinor }) =>
-          `${hotspot}|${category}|${includeMinor}`;
+        // The severity floor and the section change what is shown, not what
+        // the Conflicts feed reads.
+        const readKey = ({ hotspot, category }) => `${hotspot}|${category}`;
         const reread = readKey(next) !== readKey(filters);
-        const minorChanged = next.includeMinor !== filters.includeMinor;
+        const sectionChanged = next.section !== filters.section;
         filters = next;
         const previousWindowMs = windowMs;
         windowMs = shownWindowMs();
@@ -1230,7 +1251,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         if (reread) feed = emptyFeed();
         render();
         if (reread) void loadFeed('replace');
-        if (minorChanged) void refreshInView({ force: true });
+        if (sectionChanged) void refreshInView({ force: true });
         // The hotspot counts are the server's, so a new window reads them again.
         if (windowMs !== previousWindowMs) void layer.update(viewer);
         notify();
@@ -1266,7 +1287,9 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     },
     getStats() {
       return {
-        count: mapReports.filter((r) => r.pins.length && onMap(r)).length,
+        count: (localMode() ? localReports(NEWS_MAP_LIMIT) : mapReports).filter(
+          (r) => r.pins.length && onMap(r),
+        ).length,
         lastUpdate,
         loading,
         error,
diff --git a/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
index dd567f448..782a7f3d4 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
@@ -96,7 +96,13 @@ function fixture(
   const viewer = {
     camera,
     scene: { requestRender() {}, preRender: new Cesium.Event() },
-    dataSources: { add() {}, remove() {} },
+    added: [],
+    dataSources: {
+      add(source) {
+        viewer.added.push(source);
+      },
+      remove() {},
+    },
   };
   const layer = createNewsLayer({
     source,
@@ -164,7 +170,7 @@ test('choosing a card selects it and flies straight down from 150 km; reduced mo
   assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.selected, null);
 });
 
-test('the card toggle and the severity floor change what is shown, not what is read', async (t) => {
+test('the severity floor changes what is shown, not what is read', async (t) => {
   const { layer, entries, calls } = fixture(t, { height: 500_000 });
   layer.enable();
   await layer.update();
@@ -174,105 +180,97 @@ test('the card toggle and the severity floor change what is shown, not what is r
   assert.deepEqual(cards(), []);
   await settle();
   const reads = calls.feed.length;
-  layer.setParams({ filters: { cards: false, minSeverity: 0 } });
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { minSeverity: 0 } });
   assert.equal(calls.feed.length, reads);
-  assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.filters.cards, false);
   assert.deepEqual(
     layer.getRowControls().feed.items.map((item) => item.id),
     ['major', 'minor', 'far'],
   );
 });
 
-test('In view places the held reports when the camera settles low, with no new read', async (t) => {
-  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
-  let centre = { lat: 49, lon: 36 };
-  const { layer, camera, calls } = fixture(t, {
-    height: 1_000_000,
-    centre: () => centre,
-  });
-  layer.enable();
-  await layer.update();
-  const reads = calls.feed.length;
-  const view = layer.getRowControls().feed.inView;
-  assert.equal(view.active, true);
-  assert.equal(view.loading, false);
-  // Gaza is beyond 500 km of the view centre; the old report is past 24 h.
-  assert.deepEqual(
-    view.items.map((item) => item.id),
-    ['major'],
-  );
-  // Panning to another cell (over Gaza) reads nothing: it reuses the map's
-  // reports, once the camera has settled.
-  centre = { lat: 31.5, lon: 34.4 };
-  camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
-  t.mock.timers.tick(799);
-  assert.deepEqual(
-    layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.items.map((item) => item.id),
-    ['major'],
-  );
-  t.mock.timers.tick(1);
-  await Promise.resolve();
-  assert.deepEqual(
-    layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.items.map((item) => item.id),
-    ['far'],
-  );
-  assert.equal(calls.feed.length, reads);
-  // Up above 3,000 km, In view goes away.
-  camera.positionCartographic.height = 5_000_000;
-  camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
-  t.mock.timers.tick(800);
-  assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.active, false);
-});
-
-test('In view with minor news reads once, not per pan; a failed read shows', async (t) => {
+test('Local reads every report once, lists those near the view and takes the map over', async (t) => {
   t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
   let centre = { lat: 49, lon: 36 };
   let fail = false;
-  const minorReads = [];
-  const { layer, camera } = fixture(t, {
+  const localReads = [];
+  const { layer, camera, viewer } = fixture(t, {
     height: 1_000_000,
     centre: () => centre,
     source: {
       getFeed: async (query) => {
         if (query.relevance === '' && query.limit === 500) {
-          minorReads.push(query);
+          localReads.push(query);
           if (fail) throw new Error('boom');
           return {
-            reports: [report('broad', { severity: 2, relevance: 'minor' })],
+            reports: [
+              report('broad', { severity: 1, relevance: 'minor' }),
+              report('south', {
+                severity: 2,
+                pins: [{ lat: 31.5, lon: 34.4, place: 'Gaza', mappable: true }],
+              }),
+            ],
             nextBefore: null,
           };
         }
-        return { reports: [], nextBefore: null };
+        return {
+          reports: [report('major', { severity: 3 })],
+          nextBefore: null,
+        };
       },
     },
   });
+  const markers = () =>
+    // The layer adds its outlines' source first, then its markers'.
+    viewer.added[1].entities.values
+      .map((entity) => String(entity.id))
+      .filter((id) => /~\d+$/.test(id))
+      .map((id) => id.replace(/^.*:/, '').replace(/~\d+$/, ''));
   layer.enable();
   await layer.update();
-  camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
-  t.mock.timers.tick(800);
-  await Promise.resolve();
-  assert.equal(minorReads.length, 0);
-  layer.setParams({ filters: { includeMinor: true } });
   for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) await Promise.resolve();
-  assert.equal(minorReads.length, 1);
+  // Conflicts: no read of minor news, the hotspots' news on the map.
+  assert.equal(localReads.length, 0);
+  assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.active, true);
+  assert.deepEqual(markers(), ['major']);
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { section: 'local' } });
+  for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+  assert.equal(localReads.length, 1);
+  let view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  // Every severity near the centre; Gaza is beyond 500 km; no older pages.
   assert.deepEqual(
-    layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.items.map((item) => item.id),
+    view.inView.items.map((item) => item.id),
     ['broad'],
   );
-  centre = { lat: 47, lon: 33 };
+  assert.equal(view.hasMore, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(markers(), ['broad']);
+  // A pan reads nothing more and follows the camera once it settles.
+  centre = { lat: 31.5, lon: 34.4 };
   camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
   t.mock.timers.tick(800);
   await Promise.resolve();
-  assert.equal(minorReads.length, 1);
-  // Turned off and on again with the server failing: the error is shown.
-  layer.setParams({ filters: { includeMinor: false } });
+  assert.equal(localReads.length, 1);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.items.map((item) => item.id),
+    ['south'],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(markers(), ['south']);
+  // Up above 3,000 km there is no "near here": the map shows conflicts again.
+  camera.positionCartographic.height = 5_000_000;
+  camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
+  t.mock.timers.tick(800);
+  view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.equal(view.inView.active, false);
+  assert.ok(!markers().includes('south'));
+  // Back to Conflicts and to Local again with the server failing: it shows.
+  camera.positionCartographic.height = 1_000_000;
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { section: 'conflicts' } });
   fail = true;
-  layer.setParams({ filters: { includeMinor: true } });
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { section: 'local' } });
   for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) await Promise.resolve();
-  assert.equal(minorReads.length, 2);
-  const view = layer.getRowControls().feed.inView;
-  assert.equal(view.error, 'News feed unavailable');
-  assert.deepEqual(view.items, []);
+  assert.equal(localReads.length, 2);
+  view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.equal(view.inView.error, 'News feed unavailable');
+  assert.deepEqual(view.inView.items, []);
 });
 
 test('a shorter window narrows the feed and reads the hotspot counts for it', async (t) => {
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.js b/src/layers/news/model.js
index d3c4dc219..64e39e8ff 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.js
@@ -46,6 +46,14 @@ export const NEWS_DETAIL_MAX_HEIGHT_M = 2_500_000;
 export const NEWS_IN_VIEW_MAX_HEIGHT_M = 3_000_000;
 export const NEWS_IN_VIEW_RADIUS_KM = 500;
 export const NEWS_IN_VIEW_LIMIT = 12;
+/** The Local section lists at most this many reports near the view centre. */
+export const NEWS_LOCAL_LIMIT = 40;
+/**
+ * The News panel's sections: Conflicts (the hotspots' significant news, on the
+ * map whenever the layer is on) and Local (everything near the view centre,
+ * on the map while the section is chosen).
+ */
+export const NEWS_SECTIONS = Object.freeze(['conflicts', 'local']);
 export const NEWS_SETTLE_MS = 800;
 export const NEWS_CELL_DEG = 0.5;
 /** A feed card's click flies the camera to this height over the event. */
@@ -625,9 +633,9 @@ export function normalizeFilters(next = {}, hotspots = [], previous = {}) {
     hotspot,
     category,
     minSeverity,
-    includeMinor: merged.includeMinor === true,
-    // Event cards on the map; off leaves only the clicked event's card.
-    cards: merged.cards !== false,
+    section: NEWS_SECTIONS.includes(merged.section)
+      ? merged.section
+      : 'conflicts',
     // A shorter window than the server's; null shows all it serves.
     hours: NEWS_WINDOW_CHOICES.includes(merged.hours) ? merged.hours : null,
   };
@@ -661,12 +669,22 @@ export function visibleOnMap(
   );
 }
 
-/** API query for the feed under the current filters: the window only. */
+/**
+ * The filters Local applies: every hotspot and every severity, near the view
+ * centre; the category and the window still hold.
+ */
+export const localFilters = (filters) => ({
+  ...filters,
+  hotspot: 'all',
+  minSeverity: 0,
+});
+
+/** API query for the Conflicts feed under the current filters: the window only. */
 export function feedQueryFor(filters, extra = {}) {
   return {
     events: true,
     today: true,
-    relevance: filters.includeMinor ? '' : NEWS_RELEVANT,
+    relevance: NEWS_RELEVANT,
     hotspot: filters.hotspot,
     category: filters.category === 'all' ? '' : filters.category,
     limit: NEWS_FEED_PAGE,
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
index dffeb0793..a0ba16b0e 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
@@ -286,11 +286,17 @@ test('filters default to significant news and map to a last-24-hours query', ()
     hotspot: 'ua',
     category: 'all',
     minSeverity: 2,
-    includeMinor: false,
-    cards: true,
+    section: 'conflicts',
     hours: null,
   });
-  assert.equal(normalizeFilters({ cards: false }, hotspots).cards, false);
+  assert.equal(
+    normalizeFilters({ section: 'local' }, hotspots).section,
+    'local',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    normalizeFilters({ section: 'nope' }, hotspots).section,
+    'conflicts',
+  );
   assert.equal(normalizeFilters({ hours: 6 }, hotspots).hours, 6);
   assert.equal(normalizeFilters({ hours: 5 }, hotspots).hours, null);
   assert.equal(normalizeFilters({ minSeverity: 0 }, hotspots).minSeverity, 0);
@@ -301,10 +307,10 @@ test('filters default to significant news and map to a last-24-hours query', ()
     ),
     'hotspot=ua&before=2026-10-28T08%3A00%3A00.000Z&limit=60&relevance=core%2Crelated&today=1&events=1',
   );
-  // "Include minor news" drops the relevance filter.
-  assert.doesNotMatch(
-    newsFeedQuery(feedQueryFor({ ...filters, includeMinor: true })),
-    /relevance/,
+  // The Conflicts feed reads the same whichever section is chosen.
+  assert.equal(
+    newsFeedQuery(feedQueryFor({ ...filters, section: 'local' })),
+    newsFeedQuery(feedQueryFor(filters)),
   );
 });
 
diff --git a/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue b/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue
index 23cdffaed..86e616ddc 100644
--- a/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue
+++ b/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue
@@ -9,9 +9,10 @@ import NewsCard from './NewsCard.vue';
 
 // The News panel: the window the server serves only (the last 24 hours, or
 // fewer where the host serves less), or a shorter one chosen at the
-// top (24/12/6/3/1 h). Hotspot chips, filters, the chosen
-// event, "In view" (reports near the view centre while the camera is low)
-// and a continuous feed, newest first. It renders the `feed` view the news
+// top (24/12/6/3/1 h), and two sections. Conflicts: hotspot chips, the
+// severity floor, the chosen event and a continuous feed, newest first.
+// Local: every report near the view centre while the camera is low, which the
+// map then shows instead of the hotspots' news. It renders the `feed` view the news
 // layer publishes and acts only through `onParams`.
 const props = defineProps({
   view: { type: Object, default: null },
@@ -19,6 +20,16 @@ const props = defineProps({
 });
 
 const filters = computed(() => props.view?.filters ?? {});
+const local = computed(() => filters.value.section === 'local');
+const sections = computed(() =>
+  [
+    { id: 'conflicts', label: t('Conflicts') },
+    { id: 'local', label: t('Local') },
+  ].map((chip) => ({
+    ...chip,
+    active: (filters.value.section ?? 'conflicts') === chip.id,
+  })),
+);
 const chips = computed(() =>
   (props.view?.hotspots ?? []).map((chip) => ({
     id: chip.id,
@@ -59,10 +70,9 @@ const selectedId = computed(() => props.view?.selected?.id ?? null);
 const selectedApart = computed(() => {
   const chosen = props.view?.selected;
   if (!chosen) return null;
-  const listed =
-    props.view.items.some((item) => item.id === chosen.id) ||
-    (props.view.inView.active &&
-      props.view.inView.items.some((item) => item.id === chosen.id));
+  const listed = local.value
+    ? props.view.inView.items.some((item) => item.id === chosen.id)
+    : props.view.items.some((item) => item.id === chosen.id);
   return listed ? null : chosen;
 });
 const status = computed(() => {
@@ -99,7 +109,22 @@ const clear = () => props.onParams({ clear: true });
     <p v-else class="news-readout__window ui-mono">{{
       t('Last {hours} h', { hours: view.windowHours })
     }}</p>
-    <div class="news-readout__chips" role="group" :aria-label="t('Hotspots')">
+    <div
+      class="news-readout__sections"
+      role="group"
+      :aria-label="t('News sections')"
+    >
+      <RailChips
+        :chips="sections"
+        :on-select="(chip) => setFilter('section', chip.id)"
+      />
+    </div>
+    <div
+      v-if="!local"
+      class="news-readout__chips"
+      role="group"
+      :aria-label="t('Hotspots')"
+    >
       <RailChips
         :chips="chips"
         :on-select="(chip) => setFilter('hotspot', chip.id)"
@@ -107,6 +132,7 @@ const clear = () => props.onParams({ clear: true });
     </div>
     <div class="news-readout__filters">
       <UiSelect
+        v-if="!local"
         class="gev-field news-filter"
         :aria-label="t('Severity')"
         :model-value="String(filters.minSeverity ?? 2)"
@@ -120,20 +146,6 @@ const clear = () => props.onParams({ clear: true });
         :options="categoryOptions"
         @update:model-value="setFilter('category', $event)"
       />
-      <label class="news-toggle"
-        ><input
-          type="checkbox"
-          :checked="filters.includeMinor === true"
-          @change="setFilter('includeMinor', $event.target.checked)"
-        /><span>{{ t('Include minor news') }}</span></label
-      >
-      <label class="news-toggle"
-        ><input
-          type="checkbox"
-          :checked="filters.cards !== false"
-          @change="setFilter('cards', $event.target.checked)"
-        /><span>{{ t('Show event cards') }}</span></label
-      >
     </div>
 
     <NewsCard
@@ -146,12 +158,16 @@ const clear = () => props.onParams({ clear: true });
     />
 
     <section
-      v-if="view.inView.active"
+      v-if="local"
       class="news-readout__section"
-      :aria-label="t('In view')"
+      :aria-label="t('Local')"
     >
-      <h3 class="news-readout__head ui-mono">{{ t('In view') }}</h3>
-      <p v-if="view.inView.error" class="news-readout__status">
+      <UiEmpty
+        v-if="!view.inView.active"
+        class="news-readout__empty"
+        :title="t('Zoom in to see local news')"
+      />
+      <p v-else-if="view.inView.error" class="news-readout__status">
         {{ view.inView.error }}
       </p>
       <UiEmpty
@@ -180,7 +196,11 @@ const clear = () => props.onParams({ clear: true });
       </ol>
     </section>
 
-    <section class="news-readout__section" :aria-label="t('Latest news')">
+    <section
+      v-else
+      class="news-readout__section"
+      :aria-label="t('Latest news')"
+    >
       <h3 class="news-readout__head ui-mono">{{ t('Latest') }}</h3>
       <ol
         v-if="view.items.length"
diff --git a/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs b/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
index 0b40fcea8..c4f584410 100644
--- a/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ test('the panel shows the last 24 h as event cards and opens once', () => {
     'Last 24 h',
   );
   assert.deepEqual(
-    [...panel.querySelectorAll('.data-toggle-chip[data-chip-id]')].map(
+    [...panel.querySelectorAll('.news-readout__chips [data-chip-id]')].map(
       (chip) => chip.textContent,
     ),
     ['All 7', 'Ukraine–Russia 7'],
@@ -189,42 +189,52 @@ test('a card click flies there; open, it links the source and closes', () => {
   news.destroy();
 });
 
-test('filters, In view and empty or failed reads', () => {
+test('filters, the Local section and empty or failed reads', () => {
   const { news, panel, calls } = fixture();
   news.update(view());
-  assert.equal(panel.querySelector('[aria-label="In view"]'), null);
+  assert.equal(panel.querySelector('[aria-label="Local"]'), null);
+  assert.equal(panel.querySelector('.news-toggle'), null);
   const severity = panel.querySelector('select[aria-label="Severity"]');
   assert.equal(severity.value, '2');
   severity.value = '3';
   severity.dispatchEvent(new Event('change'));
   assert.deepEqual(calls.at(-1)[1], { filters: { minSeverity: 3 } });
-  const [minor, cards] = panel.querySelectorAll('.news-toggle input');
-  assert.equal(minor.checked, false);
-  assert.equal(cards.checked, true);
-  cards.checked = false;
-  cards.dispatchEvent(new Event('change'));
-  assert.deepEqual(calls.at(-1)[1], { filters: { cards: false } });
   panel.querySelector('[data-chip-id="ua-ru-war"]').click();
   assert.deepEqual(calls.at(-1)[1], { filters: { hotspot: 'ua-ru-war' } });
+  panel.querySelector('[data-chip-id="local"]').click();
+  assert.deepEqual(calls.at(-1)[1], { filters: { section: 'local' } });
 
   news.update(
     view({
-      inView: { active: true, loading: false, error: null, items: [] },
       items: [],
       hasMore: false,
     }),
   );
-  const section = panel.querySelector('[aria-label="In view"]');
-  assert.match(
-    section.textContent,
-    /Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h/,
-  );
   assert.match(
     panel.textContent,
     /No news matches these filters in the last 24 h/,
   );
   assert.equal(panel.querySelector('.news-readout__footer button'), null);
 
+  // Local: no hotspot chips or severity floor, and its own empty states.
+  const localView = (inView) =>
+    view({
+      filters: normalizeFilters({ section: 'local' }),
+      inView: { loading: false, error: null, items: [], ...inView },
+    });
+  news.update(localView({ active: false }));
+  const section = panel.querySelector('[aria-label="Local"]');
+  assert.match(section.textContent, /Zoom in to see local news/);
+  assert.equal(panel.querySelector('[data-chip-id="ua-ru-war"]'), null);
+  assert.equal(panel.querySelector('select[aria-label="Severity"]'), null);
+  assert.equal(panel.querySelector('[aria-label="Latest news"]'), null);
+  news.update(localView({ active: true }));
+  assert.match(
+    panel.querySelector('[aria-label="Local"]').textContent,
+    /Nothing reported near here in the last 24 h/,
+  );
+  news.update(view());
+
   news.update(
     view({ items: [], error: 'News feed unavailable', hasMore: false }),
   );
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/news.css b/src/ui/styles/news.css
index 2baab0245..605ac2fcf 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/news.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/news.css
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@
   letter-spacing: 0.12em;
   text-transform: uppercase;
 }
+.news-readout__sections,
 .news-readout__chips {
   display: flex;
   flex-wrap: wrap;

From 74d40c4b1a6084c7c610edc8ac692ebd39bf1c77 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 2026 23:34:07 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 047/181] Show one-source events' pictures and play their clips
 in the News panel

A feed card shows its event's picture whatever the number of sources, so a
lone Telegram post opening with a video gets its preview; the globe's
picture cards still need two. An event picture may carry its post's clip (an
HTTPS MP4 or WebM file): the card marks it with a play sign, and opened, it
plays with controls and sound, loading nothing before. An expired link drops
the clip.
---
 changelog.d/1-news-layer.md    |  4 ++-
 src/layers/news/model.js       | 20 +++++++++++----
 src/layers/news/model.test.mjs | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/news/records.js     | 16 ++++++++++--
 src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue       | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++---
 src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs      | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/ui/styles/news.css         | 19 ++++++++++++++
 7 files changed, 171 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md b/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
index 4e65d9d10..d8925eaeb 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
   in the panel to the last 12, 6, 3 or 1 hours with the hotspot counts read for
   that window, coloured by severity only, with hotspot
   beacons, outlines with disputed areas, picture cards for major events and a
-  continuous feed whose cards fly the globe to the event. The panel's Local
+  continuous feed whose cards fly the globe to the event. A feed card shows its
+  event's picture even when one source reports it, and an open card plays the
+  post's clip on request. The panel's Local
   section lists every report within 500 km of the view below 3,000 km, and the
   map shows those instead of the hotspots' news while it is chosen. Core serves no news itself: set `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` to a news
   server and the local server forwards the layer's three read routes there.
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.js b/src/layers/news/model.js
index 64e39e8ff..686040e1b 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.js
@@ -460,18 +460,28 @@ export function sidesLine(report, now = Date.now()) {
   });
 }
 
-/** The event's picture for a card: two or more sources, and the publisher named. */
+/**
+ * The event's picture, the publisher named, and its clip when it has one. The
+ * panel shows it for any event; the globe's picture cards are for events of
+ * two or more sources (isCardEvent).
+ */
 export function eventPicture(report) {
-  const event = report?.event;
-  if (!event?.image || event.size < NEWS_CARD_MIN_SOURCES) return null;
-  return { url: event.image.url, credit: event.image.publisher || '' };
+  const image = report?.event?.image;
+  if (!image) return null;
+  return {
+    url: image.url,
+    credit: image.publisher || '',
+    ...(image.video ? { video: image.video } : {}),
+  };
 }
 
 /** What an event's picture card on the globe shows. */
 export function cardView(report, now = Date.now()) {
   const event = report.event;
   const sides = eventSides(report, now).map(sideLabel);
-  const picture = eventPicture(report);
+  // A globe card's picture needs two or more sources, as the card does.
+  const picture =
+    report?.event?.size >= NEWS_CARD_MIN_SOURCES ? eventPicture(report) : null;
   return {
     title: report.titleEn || report.title,
     meta: [
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
index a0ba16b0e..ed439ebe5 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
@@ -157,6 +157,32 @@ test('payloads are validated record by record; empty and malformed payloads', ()
   });
 });
 
+test("an event's clip is kept only as an HTTPS file a browser plays itself", () => {
+  const clip = (video) =>
+    normalizeFeedPayload({
+      reports: [
+        {
+          id: 'r',
+          title: 'T',
+          url: 'https://x.test/r',
+          publishedAt: '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z',
+          event: {
+            size: 1,
+            image: { url: 'https://cdn.test/p.jpg', publisher: 'P', video },
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    }).reports[0].event.image.video;
+  assert.equal(
+    clip('https://cdn.test/v.mp4?token=a'),
+    'https://cdn.test/v.mp4?token=a',
+  );
+  assert.equal(clip('https://cdn.test/v.webm'), 'https://cdn.test/v.webm');
+  assert.equal(clip('http://cdn.test/v.mp4'), undefined);
+  assert.equal(clip('https://cdn.test/v.m3u8'), undefined);
+  assert.equal(clip(undefined), undefined);
+});
+
 test('outlines keep valid rings, borders and named disputed areas', () => {
   const ring = [
     [30, 45],
@@ -488,6 +514,24 @@ test('feed cards read like Breaking: headline, meta parts, sides and chips', ()
   const single = feedCardView(report('s', '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z'), NOW);
   assert.equal(single.sides, 'Reported by UA sources');
   assert.equal(single.picture, null);
+  // A one-source event (a Telegram post) shows its picture and its clip in
+  // the panel, though the globe's picture cards need two sources.
+  const post = report('p', '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z', {
+    event: {
+      size: 1,
+      sides: [],
+      image: {
+        url: 'https://cdn4.telesco.pe/file/v.jpg',
+        publisher: 'Channel',
+        video: 'https://cdn4.telesco.pe/file/v.mp4?token=x',
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(feedCardView(post, NOW).picture, {
+    url: 'https://cdn4.telesco.pe/file/v.jpg',
+    credit: 'Channel',
+    video: 'https://cdn4.telesco.pe/file/v.mp4?token=x',
+  });
   assert.equal(single.original, null);
   assert.equal(sidesLine({ side: 'unknown' }), '');
 });
diff --git a/src/layers/news/records.js b/src/layers/news/records.js
index a4ec22462..557216f22 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/records.js
@@ -162,11 +162,23 @@ function normalizeGeo(geo) {
   };
 }
 
-/** The event's picture: an HTTPS URL on the publisher's site, and whose it is. */
+/**
+ * The event's picture: an HTTPS URL on the publisher's site, and whose it is;
+ * with the post's own clip when it has one a browser plays itself (an HTTPS
+ * MP4 or WebM file), the picture then its poster.
+ */
 function eventImage(image) {
   const url = httpUrl(image?.url);
   if (!url?.startsWith('https://')) return null;
-  return { url, publisher: text(image.publisher, 80) || '' };
+  const video = httpUrl(image.video);
+  const playable =
+    video?.startsWith('https://') &&
+    /\.(?:mp4|m4v|webm)$/i.test(new URL(video).pathname);
+  return {
+    url,
+    publisher: text(image.publisher, 80) || '',
+    ...(playable ? { video } : {}),
+  };
 }
 
 /** An event summary from `/feed?events=1`: size and one report per side. */
diff --git a/src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue b/src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue
index 1f2381760..1e424f787 100644
--- a/src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue
+++ b/src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ import UiButton from '../kit/UiButton.vue';
 // picture when the event has one, the headline, a mono meta line (severity
 // marker, category, place, sources, age), who reported it, and its
 // attestation and media chips. A click chooses it (the layer flies there and
-// opens its card on the globe); open, it shows the summary, the other sides'
-// reports and the link to the original article. The layer computes every
+// opens its card on the globe); open, it plays the post's clip when it has
+// one (on request, with sound and controls), and shows the summary, the other
+// sides' reports and the link to the original article. The layer computes every
 // value shown (feedCardView in src/layers/news/model.js).
 const props = defineProps({
   item: { type: Object, required: true },
@@ -22,9 +23,17 @@ const pictureFailed = ref(false);
 const dropPicture = () => {
   pictureFailed.value = true;
 };
+// So does a clip whose signed link has expired.
+const clipFailed = ref(false);
+const dropClip = () => {
+  clipFailed.value = true;
+};
 watch(
   () => props.item.picture?.url,
-  () => (pictureFailed.value = false),
+  () => {
+    pictureFailed.value = false;
+    clipFailed.value = false;
+  },
 );
 const meta = () =>
   [
@@ -61,7 +70,13 @@ const meta = () =>
           decoding="async"
           referrerpolicy="no-referrer"
           v-on="{ error: dropPicture }"
-        /><span v-if="item.picture.credit" class="news-card__credit">{{
+        /><span
+          v-if="item.picture.video && !clipFailed"
+          class="news-card__play"
+          role="img"
+          :aria-label="t('Video')"
+          >▶</span
+        ><span v-if="item.picture.credit" class="news-card__credit">{{
           item.picture.credit
         }}</span></span
       >
@@ -95,6 +110,17 @@ const meta = () =>
       >
     </button>
     <div v-if="open" class="news-card__open">
+      <video
+        v-if="item.picture?.video && !clipFailed"
+        class="news-card__clip"
+        :src="item.picture.video"
+        :poster="pictureFailed ? undefined : item.picture.url"
+        controls
+        playsinline
+        preload="none"
+        referrerpolicy="no-referrer"
+        v-on="{ error: dropClip }"
+      ></video>
       <p v-if="item.original" class="news-card__original">{{
         item.original
       }}</p>
diff --git a/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs b/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
index c4f584410..920e25c84 100644
--- a/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
@@ -314,3 +314,49 @@ test('the panel names the window the server serves', () => {
     'Last 12 h',
   );
 });
+
+test('a clip waits behind its picture and plays, on request, in the open card', () => {
+  const { news, panel } = fixture();
+  const clipped = report('clip', {
+    event: {
+      size: 1,
+      sides: [],
+      image: {
+        url: 'https://cdn4.telesco.pe/file/v.jpg',
+        publisher: 'Channel',
+        video: 'https://cdn4.telesco.pe/file/v.mp4?token=x',
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  news.update(view({ items: [feedCardView(clipped, NOW)] }));
+  const card = panel.querySelector('.news-card');
+  assert.equal(card.querySelector('.news-card__play').textContent, '▶');
+  assert.equal(card.querySelector('video'), null);
+  news.update(
+    view({
+      items: [feedCardView(clipped, NOW)],
+      selected: feedCardView(clipped, NOW),
+    }),
+  );
+  const video = panel.querySelector('.news-card.is-open video');
+  assert.equal(
+    video.getAttribute('src'),
+    'https://cdn4.telesco.pe/file/v.mp4?token=x',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    video.getAttribute('poster'),
+    'https://cdn4.telesco.pe/file/v.jpg',
+  );
+  assert.equal(video.getAttribute('preload'), 'none');
+  assert.ok(video.hasAttribute('controls'));
+  // An expired link leaves the card without the clip.
+  video.dispatchEvent(new Event('error'));
+  news.update(
+    view({
+      items: [feedCardView(clipped, NOW)],
+      selected: feedCardView(clipped, NOW),
+    }),
+  );
+  assert.equal(panel.querySelector('.news-card.is-open video'), null);
+  news.destroy();
+});
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/news.css b/src/ui/styles/news.css
index 605ac2fcf..d25fe2a03 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/news.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/news.css
@@ -226,6 +226,25 @@
   height: 100%;
   object-fit: cover;
 }
+/* A clip waits behind its picture; the open card plays it. */
+.news-card__play {
+  position: absolute;
+  inset: 0;
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  font-size: 14px;
+  text-shadow: 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+.news-card__clip {
+  display: block;
+  width: 100%;
+  max-height: 220px;
+  margin-bottom: 6px;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: #000;
+}
 .news-card__credit {
   position: absolute;
   inset-inline-end: 0;

From fa736a7cd59527a2ee4ac02ebb182bed55ec39ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 2026 23:38:11 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 048/181] Count the shown News section in the panel header

With Local chosen, the header counted the Conflicts feed's cards instead of
the Local list's.
---
 src/ui/newsPanel.js       | 5 ++++-
 src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs | 5 +++++
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/ui/newsPanel.js b/src/ui/newsPanel.js
index b32d1d899..a63f77739 100644
--- a/src/ui/newsPanel.js
+++ b/src/ui/newsPanel.js
@@ -33,7 +33,10 @@ export function createNewsPanel({ container, setLayerParams = () => {} } = {}) {
     renderVue(h(NewsFeed, { view, onParams }), container);
     const hidden = !view;
     if (panel) set(panel, 'hidden', hidden);
-    if (count) set(count, 'textContent', String(view?.items.length ?? 0));
+    // The count is the shown section's: Local's list, else the feed.
+    const shown =
+      view?.filters?.section === 'local' ? view.inView?.items : view?.items;
+    if (count) set(count, 'textContent', String(shown?.length ?? 0));
     if (!hidden && panel && !appearedPanels.has(panel)) {
       appearedPanels.add(panel);
       // First appearance opens the panel unless a stored or shared collapse
diff --git a/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs b/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
index 920e25c84..a3dd2196f 100644
--- a/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
@@ -228,6 +228,11 @@ test('filters, the Local section and empty or failed reads', () => {
   assert.equal(panel.querySelector('[data-chip-id="ua-ru-war"]'), null);
   assert.equal(panel.querySelector('select[aria-label="Severity"]'), null);
   assert.equal(panel.querySelector('[aria-label="Latest news"]'), null);
+  assert.equal(document.getElementById('news-panel-count').textContent, '0');
+  news.update(
+    localView({ active: true, items: [feedCardView(report('near'), NOW)] }),
+  );
+  assert.equal(document.getElementById('news-panel-count').textContent, '1');
   news.update(localView({ active: true }));
   assert.match(
     panel.querySelector('[aria-label="Local"]').textContent,

From edb5837ae5c012fe9460315749e3c1ea71c0779d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 19:45:16 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 049/181] Name the Local area, say what each News section
 needs, and credit its sources

Local reads the area at the view centre (`/outline?at=`) and asks the feed
for its reports (`at`): the area is outlined faintly on the globe and named
at the top of the section ("News from Kazakhstan"; within 500 km at sea).
A disputed area is named as itself. A read that a newer look replaced, or
one left behind by a switch to Conflicts, is dropped, and a server without
the area route is asked once.

A section read from a key the server lacks says which key it needs
(503 `no_key`), that the key was refused (`key_rejected`) or that its
daily allowance is spent (`key_quota`); the other section keeps reading.
Liveuamap and World News API join the key registry.

Cards name the service a report came through ("via GDELT Project"), and
Liveuamap and Natural Earth are credited once their data shows. Economy is
a category of its own. Disputed-area labels are smaller and show the name
only; outlines keep up to 300 parts.
---
 src/data/dataCredits.js         |  29 +-
 src/data/dataCredits.test.mjs   |  26 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json        |  22 +-
 src/i18n/locales/de.json        |  22 +-
 src/i18n/locales/es.json        |  22 +-
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json        |  22 +-
 src/i18n/locales/it.json        |  22 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json        |  22 +-
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json        |  22 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json        |  22 +-
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json        |  22 +-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json     |  22 +-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json   |  22 +-
 src/i18n/same-as-english.json   |  13 +-
 src/keySetupCore.mjs            |  20 ++
 src/layers/news/cards.js        |   2 +-
 src/layers/news/index.js        | 292 ++++++++++++++++++---
 src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs  | 450 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/layers/news/model.js        |  90 +++++--
 src/layers/news/model.test.mjs  |  62 ++++-
 src/layers/news/records.js      |  29 +-
 src/layers/news/source.js       |  51 +++-
 src/layers/news/source.test.mjs |  52 ++++
 src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue        |  15 +-
 src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue        |  36 ++-
 src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs       |  74 ++++++
 src/ui/styles/news.css          |  14 +
 27 files changed, 1343 insertions(+), 154 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/data/dataCredits.js b/src/data/dataCredits.js
index ede5dc669..0b42c949a 100644
--- a/src/data/dataCredits.js
+++ b/src/data/dataCredits.js
@@ -497,8 +497,24 @@ export const DATA_CREDITS = [
     html:
       'News: every report is credited to its own publisher and links to the original article; ' +
       'pictures are the publishers’ own, shown from their sites with the publisher named. ' +
-      'No single provider stands behind the feed. Places, categories, severity and English ' +
-      'headlines are derived automatically by the news server and can be wrong.',
+      'Places, categories, severity and English headlines are derived automatically, by ' +
+      'bundled rules or by the configured news server, and can be wrong.',
+  },
+  {
+    // GDELT's terms ask for a citation and a link.
+    key: 'gdelt-news',
+    html:
+      'News, Conflicts without a news server: events and page titles from the ' +
+      '<a href="https://www.gdeltproject.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GDELT Project</a> ' +
+      '(GDELT 2.0 events and GKG; places and categories are machine-coded)',
+  },
+  {
+    // World News API's free plan asks for a visible "World News API" link to
+    // its site; always listed, so a free-plan key is never shown without it.
+    key: 'worldnewsapi',
+    html:
+      'News, Local without a news server: headlines from ' +
+      '<a href="https://worldnewsapi.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">World News API</a>',
   },
   {
     key: 'drivebc-cctv',
@@ -566,6 +582,15 @@ export const TOMTOM_CREDIT = {
     '<a href="https://www.tomtom.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TomTom</a>',
 };
 
+/** Registered when the News layer shows a Liveuamap report (only with
+ * LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY set and no news server). */
+export const LIVEUAMAP_CREDIT = {
+  key: 'liveuamap',
+  html:
+    'News, Conflicts: mapped reports from ' +
+    '<a href="https://liveuamap.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Liveuamap</a>',
+};
+
 /** Registered when the first Natural Earth region or state/province outline
  * resolves (public domain — no attribution required; credited as a courtesy). */
 export const NATURAL_EARTH_CREDIT = {
diff --git a/src/data/dataCredits.test.mjs b/src/data/dataCredits.test.mjs
index 023c79671..c65c0a48f 100644
--- a/src/data/dataCredits.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/dataCredits.test.mjs
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 import { test } from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
-import { DATA_CREDITS, NYC_DOT_DISCLAIMER } from './dataCredits.js';
+import {
+  DATA_CREDITS,
+  LIVEUAMAP_CREDIT,
+  NYC_DOT_DISCLAIMER,
+} from './dataCredits.js';
 
 test('every credit carries a unique key and some markup to render', () => {
   const keys = DATA_CREDITS.map((entry) => entry.key);
@@ -153,3 +157,23 @@ test('every Street Level imagery source is in the attribution lightbox', () => {
       `${key} has no credit`,
     );
 });
+
+test('the News layer credits its built-in sources', () => {
+  const credit = (key) => DATA_CREDITS.find((entry) => entry.key === key);
+  // GDELT's terms ask for a citation and a link.
+  assert.match(
+    credit('gdelt-news').html,
+    /href="https:\/\/www\.gdeltproject\.org\/"[^>]*>GDELT Project</,
+  );
+  // World News API's free plan asks for this exact link.
+  assert.match(
+    credit('worldnewsapi').html,
+    /<a href="https:\/\/worldnewsapi\.com\/"[^>]*>World News API<\/a>/,
+  );
+  assert.match(LIVEUAMAP_CREDIT.html, />Liveuamap</);
+  assert.ok(
+    !DATA_CREDITS.some((entry) => entry.key === LIVEUAMAP_CREDIT.key),
+    'Liveuamap is credited only once its key is in use',
+  );
+  assert.doesNotMatch(credit('news').html, /No single provider/);
+});
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index 3311dac2d..795976393 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -17,12 +17,7 @@
     "many": "{count} تقريرًا اليوم",
     "other": "{count} تقرير اليوم"
   },
-  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "آخر 24 ساعة من بؤر مختارة. يرتبط كل تقرير بناشره؛ تُستخرج الأماكن والفئات من النص تلقائيًا وقد تكون خاطئة. تصف تسميات الأطراف المصدر، لا صحة التقرير.",
   "Disputed: {name}": "منطقة متنازع عليها: {name}",
-  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "تديرها {holder} · تطالب بها {claimant}",
-  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "تدير نفسها · تطالب بها {claimant}",
-  "UN-patrolled zone": "منطقة تسيّر فيها الأمم المتحدة دوريات",
-  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "لا يطالب بها أي من الجارين",
   "Video": "فيديو",
   "Photos": "صور",
   "Claimed by {who}": "ادعاء: {who}",
@@ -3512,5 +3507,20 @@
   "FAA prohibited and restricted special-use airspace only, not the UAS Facility Map or UAS flight restrictions. Informational only — not a substitute for official UAS flight-planning tools (B4UFLY / LAANC).": "المجال الجوي الخاص المحظور والمقيّد لدى FAA فقط، ولا يشمل UAS Facility Map أو قيود طيران UAS. للعلم فقط — ولا يغني عن الأدوات الرسمية لتخطيط رحلات UAS (B4UFLY / LAANC).",
   "Prohibited": "محظور",
   "Restricted": "مقيّد",
-  "Prohibited & Restricted Airspace": "المجال الجوي المحظور والمقيّد"
+  "Prohibited & Restricted Airspace": "المجال الجوي المحظور والمقيّد",
+  "Last 24 h of news. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text and data automatically and can be wrong. Side labels, where shown, describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "آخر 24 ساعة من الأخبار. يرتبط كل تقرير بناشره؛ تُستخرج الأماكن والفئات من النص والبيانات تلقائيًا وقد تكون خاطئة. تصف تسميات الأطراف، حيث تظهر، المصدر لا صحة التقرير.",
+  "Economy": "اقتصاد",
+  "News from {area}": "أخبار: {area}",
+  "Within {km} km of the view centre": "ضمن {km} كم من مركز العرض",
+  "{region}, {country}": "{region}، {country}",
+  "via {source}": "عبر {source}",
+  "Local in the News layer: the day’s news from the outlets of the country in view": "المحلي في طبقة الأخبار: أخبار اليوم من وسائل إعلام البلد المعروض",
+  "{provider} refused its key": "رفض {provider} مفتاحه",
+  "Check {envVars} in Provider Settings": "تحقق من {envVars} في «إعدادات المزوّدين»",
+  "{provider} key required": "مفتاح {provider} مطلوب",
+  "{provider} limit reached for today": "بلغ {provider} حدّه لهذا اليوم",
+  "News resumes tomorrow, or with a paid plan": "تُستأنف الأخبار غدًا، أو مع خطة مدفوعة",
+  "News key required": "مفتاح الأخبار مطلوب",
+  "Precise conflict points in the News layer, beside GDELT’s articles": "نقاط نزاع دقيقة في طبقة الأخبار، إلى جانب مقالات GDELT",
+  "Worldwide": "العالم"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index 7f53f1d53..785c90693 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -9,12 +9,7 @@
     "one": "{count} Meldung heute",
     "other": "{count} Meldungen heute"
   },
-  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Letzte 24 h aus ausgewählten Brennpunkten. Jede Meldung verlinkt auf ihren Herausgeber; Orte und Kategorien werden automatisch aus dem Text gelesen und können falsch sein. Seitenangaben beschreiben die Quelle, nicht ob eine Meldung stimmt.",
   "Disputed: {name}": "Umstritten: {name}",
-  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Verwaltet von {holder} · beansprucht von {claimant}",
-  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Selbstverwaltet · beansprucht von {claimant}",
-  "UN-patrolled zone": "Von der UNO überwachte Zone",
-  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "Von keinem Nachbarn beansprucht",
   "Video": "Video",
   "Photos": "Fotos",
   "Claimed by {who}": "Behauptet von {who}",
@@ -3200,5 +3195,20 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "Der Anbieter hat den API-Schlüssel abgelehnt. Den Schlüssel in den Anbieter-Einstellungen prüfen.",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Zu viele Chat-Anfragen. In {seconds} s erneut versuchen.",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "Der Anbieter hat den Zugriff für diesen Schlüssel verweigert. Projekt, Region oder Berechtigungen des Schlüssels prüfen.",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "Das Anbieterkonto hat kein Guthaben mehr. Die Abrechnung prüfen oder in den Einstellungen einen anderen KI-Anbieter wählen."
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "Das Anbieterkonto hat kein Guthaben mehr. Die Abrechnung prüfen oder in den Einstellungen einen anderen KI-Anbieter wählen.",
+  "Last 24 h of news. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text and data automatically and can be wrong. Side labels, where shown, describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Letzte 24 h Nachrichten. Jede Meldung verlinkt auf ihren Herausgeber; Orte und Kategorien werden automatisch aus Text und Daten gelesen und können falsch sein. Seitenangaben, wo vorhanden, beschreiben die Quelle, nicht ob eine Meldung stimmt.",
+  "Economy": "Wirtschaft",
+  "News from {area}": "Nachrichten: {area}",
+  "Within {km} km of the view centre": "Im Umkreis von {km} km um die Bildmitte",
+  "{region}, {country}": "{region}, {country}",
+  "via {source}": "über {source}",
+  "Local in the News layer: the day’s news from the outlets of the country in view": "Lokal in der Nachrichtenebene: die Nachrichten des Tages aus den Medien des Landes im Blick",
+  "{provider} refused its key": "{provider} hat den Schlüssel abgelehnt",
+  "Check {envVars} in Provider Settings": "{envVars} in den Anbieter-Einstellungen prüfen",
+  "{provider} key required": "{provider}-Schlüssel erforderlich",
+  "{provider} limit reached for today": "{provider}: Tageslimit erreicht",
+  "News resumes tomorrow, or with a paid plan": "Nachrichten gibt es morgen wieder, oder mit einem kostenpflichtigen Tarif",
+  "News key required": "Nachrichtenschlüssel erforderlich",
+  "Precise conflict points in the News layer, beside GDELT’s articles": "Genaue Konfliktpunkte in der Nachrichtenebene, neben den Artikeln von GDELT",
+  "Worldwide": "Weltweit"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index 2c92a3bc9..ad578986d 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -11,12 +11,7 @@
     "many": "{count} noticias hoy",
     "other": "{count} noticias hoy"
   },
-  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Últimas 24 h de focos seleccionados. Cada noticia enlaza a su medio; los lugares y categorías se leen del texto automáticamente y pueden ser erróneos. Las etiquetas de bando describen la fuente, no si la noticia es cierta.",
   "Disputed: {name}": "En disputa: {name}",
-  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Administrado por {holder} · reclamado por {claimant}",
-  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Autogobernado · reclamado por {claimant}",
-  "UN-patrolled zone": "Zona patrullada por la ONU",
-  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "Ningún vecino lo reclama",
   "Video": "Vídeo",
   "Photos": "Fotos",
   "Claimed by {who}": "Según {who}",
@@ -3278,5 +3273,20 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "El proveedor rechazó la clave de API. Revísala en Ajustes de proveedores.",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Demasiadas solicitudes de chat. Vuelve a intentarlo en {seconds} s.",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "El proveedor denegó el acceso a esta clave. Revisa el proyecto, la región o los permisos de la clave.",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "La cuenta del proveedor no tiene crédito. Revisa la facturación o elige otro proveedor de IA en Ajustes."
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "La cuenta del proveedor no tiene crédito. Revisa la facturación o elige otro proveedor de IA en Ajustes.",
+  "Last 24 h of news. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text and data automatically and can be wrong. Side labels, where shown, describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Últimas 24 h de noticias. Cada noticia enlaza a su medio; los lugares y categorías se leen del texto y los datos automáticamente y pueden ser erróneos. Las etiquetas de bando, donde aparecen, describen la fuente, no si la noticia es cierta.",
+  "Economy": "Economía",
+  "News from {area}": "Noticias: {area}",
+  "Within {km} km of the view centre": "A menos de {km} km del centro de la vista",
+  "{region}, {country}": "{region}, {country}",
+  "via {source}": "vía {source}",
+  "Local in the News layer: the day’s news from the outlets of the country in view": "Local en la capa de noticias: las noticias del día de los medios del país a la vista",
+  "{provider} refused its key": "{provider} rechazó su clave",
+  "Check {envVars} in Provider Settings": "Revisa {envVars} en Ajustes de proveedores",
+  "{provider} key required": "Se necesita una clave de {provider}",
+  "{provider} limit reached for today": "{provider} alcanzó su límite de hoy",
+  "News resumes tomorrow, or with a paid plan": "Las noticias vuelven mañana, o con un plan de pago",
+  "News key required": "Se necesita una clave de noticias",
+  "Precise conflict points in the News layer, beside GDELT’s articles": "Puntos de conflicto precisos en la capa de noticias, junto a los artículos de GDELT",
+  "Worldwide": "Mundial"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index ad951d328..e594e4d42 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -11,12 +11,7 @@
     "many": "{count} articles aujourd’hui",
     "other": "{count} articles aujourd’hui"
   },
-  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Dernières 24 h des foyers retenus. Chaque article renvoie à son éditeur ; lieux et catégories sont lus automatiquement dans le texte et peuvent être faux. Les étiquettes de camp décrivent la source, pas la véracité de l’article.",
   "Disputed: {name}": "Contesté : {name}",
-  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Administré par {holder} · revendiqué par {claimant}",
-  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Autoadministré · revendiqué par {claimant}",
-  "UN-patrolled zone": "Zone patrouillée par l’ONU",
-  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "Revendiqué par aucun voisin",
   "Video": "Vidéo",
   "Photos": "Photos",
   "Claimed by {who}": "Selon {who}",
@@ -3278,5 +3273,20 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "Le fournisseur a refusé la clé API. Vérifiez-la dans les paramètres des fournisseurs.",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Trop de requêtes de discussion. Réessayez dans {seconds} s.",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "Le fournisseur a refusé l'accès pour cette clé. Vérifiez le projet, la région ou les autorisations de la clé.",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "Le compte du fournisseur n'a plus de crédit. Vérifiez la facturation ou choisissez un autre fournisseur d'IA dans les paramètres."
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "Le compte du fournisseur n'a plus de crédit. Vérifiez la facturation ou choisissez un autre fournisseur d'IA dans les paramètres.",
+  "Last 24 h of news. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text and data automatically and can be wrong. Side labels, where shown, describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Dernières 24 h d’actualité. Chaque article renvoie à son éditeur ; lieux et catégories sont lus automatiquement dans le texte et les données et peuvent être faux. Les étiquettes de camp, là où elles figurent, décrivent la source, pas la véracité de l’article.",
+  "Economy": "Économie",
+  "News from {area}": "Actualités : {area}",
+  "Within {km} km of the view centre": "À moins de {km} km du centre de la vue",
+  "{region}, {country}": "{region}, {country}",
+  "via {source}": "via {source}",
+  "Local in the News layer: the day’s news from the outlets of the country in view": "Local dans la couche Actualités : l’actualité du jour des médias du pays affiché",
+  "{provider} refused its key": "{provider} a refusé sa clé",
+  "Check {envVars} in Provider Settings": "Vérifiez {envVars} dans les paramètres des fournisseurs",
+  "{provider} key required": "Clé {provider} requise",
+  "{provider} limit reached for today": "{provider} a atteint sa limite du jour",
+  "News resumes tomorrow, or with a paid plan": "Les actualités reprennent demain, ou avec une offre payante",
+  "News key required": "Clé d’actualités requise",
+  "Precise conflict points in the News layer, beside GDELT’s articles": "Points de conflit précis dans la couche Actualités, à côté des articles de GDELT",
+  "Worldwide": "Monde entier"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index 5f5caa805..b837788bc 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -11,12 +11,7 @@
     "many": "{count} notizie oggi",
     "other": "{count} notizie oggi"
   },
-  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Ultime 24 h dai focolai selezionati. Ogni notizia rimanda al suo editore; luoghi e categorie sono letti automaticamente dal testo e possono essere errati. Le etichette di parte descrivono la fonte, non se la notizia è vera.",
   "Disputed: {name}": "Conteso: {name}",
-  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Amministrato da {holder} · rivendicato da {claimant}",
-  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Autogovernato · rivendicato da {claimant}",
-  "UN-patrolled zone": "Zona pattugliata dall’ONU",
-  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "Non rivendicato da nessun vicino",
   "Video": "Video",
   "Photos": "Foto",
   "Claimed by {who}": "Secondo {who}",
@@ -3278,5 +3273,20 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "Il provider ha rifiutato la chiave API. Controllala in Impostazioni provider.",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Troppe richieste di chat. Riprova tra {seconds} s.",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "Il provider ha negato l'accesso per questa chiave. Controlla progetto, regione o autorizzazioni della chiave.",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "L'account del provider ha esaurito il credito. Controlla la fatturazione o scegli un altro provider IA in Impostazioni."
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "L'account del provider ha esaurito il credito. Controlla la fatturazione o scegli un altro provider IA in Impostazioni.",
+  "Last 24 h of news. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text and data automatically and can be wrong. Side labels, where shown, describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Ultime 24 h di notizie. Ogni notizia rimanda al suo editore; luoghi e categorie sono letti automaticamente dal testo e dai dati e possono essere errati. Le etichette di parte, dove presenti, descrivono la fonte, non se la notizia è vera.",
+  "Economy": "Economia",
+  "News from {area}": "Notizie: {area}",
+  "Within {km} km of the view centre": "Entro {km} km dal centro della vista",
+  "{region}, {country}": "{region}, {country}",
+  "via {source}": "tramite {source}",
+  "Local in the News layer: the day’s news from the outlets of the country in view": "Locale nel livello Notizie: le notizie del giorno dalle testate del paese inquadrato",
+  "{provider} refused its key": "{provider} ha rifiutato la chiave",
+  "Check {envVars} in Provider Settings": "Controlla {envVars} in Impostazioni provider",
+  "{provider} key required": "Chiave {provider} richiesta",
+  "{provider} limit reached for today": "{provider} ha raggiunto il limite di oggi",
+  "News resumes tomorrow, or with a paid plan": "Le notizie riprendono domani, o con un piano a pagamento",
+  "News key required": "Chiave per le notizie richiesta",
+  "Precise conflict points in the News layer, beside GDELT’s articles": "Punti di conflitto precisi nel livello Notizie, accanto agli articoli di GDELT",
+  "Worldwide": "Mondo"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index d73bee402..49859f864 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -7,12 +7,7 @@
   "{count} reports today": {
     "other": "本日の報道 {count}件"
   },
-  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "厳選したホットスポットの直近24時間。各報道は発信元にリンクします。場所とカテゴリは本文から自動で読み取るため誤りがあり得ます。陣営ラベルは情報源を示すもので、報道の真偽ではありません。",
   "Disputed: {name}": "係争地: {name}",
-  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "{holder}が施政 · {claimant}が領有を主張",
-  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "自治 · {claimant}が領有を主張",
-  "UN-patrolled zone": "国連が巡回する地域",
-  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "どちらの隣国も領有を主張していない",
   "Video": "動画",
   "Photos": "写真",
   "Claimed by {who}": "{who}の主張",
@@ -3122,5 +3117,20 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "プロバイダーがAPIキーを拒否しました。プロバイダー設定で確認してください。",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "チャットのリクエストが多すぎます。{seconds}秒後にもう一度お試しください。",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "プロバイダーがこのキーでのアクセスを拒否しました。キーのプロジェクト、リージョン、権限を確認してください。",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "プロバイダーアカウントのクレジットが不足しています。課金状況を確認するか、設定で別のAIプロバイダーを選んでください。"
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "プロバイダーアカウントのクレジットが不足しています。課金状況を確認するか、設定で別のAIプロバイダーを選んでください。",
+  "Last 24 h of news. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text and data automatically and can be wrong. Side labels, where shown, describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "直近24時間のニュース。各報道は発信元にリンクします。場所とカテゴリは本文とデータから自動で読み取るため誤りがあり得ます。陣営ラベルは、表示される場合、情報源を示すもので、報道の真偽ではありません。",
+  "Economy": "経済",
+  "News from {area}": "{area}のニュース",
+  "Within {km} km of the view centre": "表示中心から{km} km以内",
+  "{region}, {country}": "{country}・{region}",
+  "via {source}": "{source}経由",
+  "Local in the News layer: the day’s news from the outlets of the country in view": "ニュースレイヤーのローカル：表示中の国のメディアによる今日のニュース",
+  "{provider} refused its key": "{provider}がキーを拒否しました",
+  "Check {envVars} in Provider Settings": "プロバイダー設定で{envVars}を確認してください",
+  "{provider} key required": "{provider}のキーが必要です",
+  "{provider} limit reached for today": "{provider}の本日の上限に達しました",
+  "News resumes tomorrow, or with a paid plan": "ニュースは明日、または有料プランで再開します",
+  "News key required": "ニュースのキーが必要です",
+  "Precise conflict points in the News layer, beside GDELT’s articles": "ニュースレイヤーの正確な紛争地点（GDELTの記事に加えて）",
+  "Worldwide": "世界"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index 2f9ebcbf9..785e9a02e 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -11,12 +11,7 @@
     "many": "{count} notícias hoje",
     "other": "{count} notícias hoje"
   },
-  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Últimas 24 h dos focos selecionados. Cada notícia leva ao seu editor; locais e categorias são lidos do texto automaticamente e podem estar errados. Os rótulos de lado descrevem a fonte, não se a notícia é verdadeira.",
   "Disputed: {name}": "Em disputa: {name}",
-  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Administrado por {holder} · reivindicado por {claimant}",
-  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Autogovernado · reivindicado por {claimant}",
-  "UN-patrolled zone": "Zona patrulhada pela ONU",
-  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "Nenhum vizinho o reivindica",
   "Video": "Vídeo",
   "Photos": "Fotos",
   "Claimed by {who}": "Segundo {who}",
@@ -3278,5 +3273,20 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "O provedor recusou a chave de API. Verifique-a em \"Configurações de provedores\".",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Chat: limite de requisições atingido. Tente novamente em {seconds} s.",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "O provedor negou o acesso para esta chave. Verifique o projeto, a região ou as permissões da chave.",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "A conta do provedor está sem crédito. Verifique o faturamento ou escolha outro provedor de IA em \"Configurações\"."
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "A conta do provedor está sem crédito. Verifique o faturamento ou escolha outro provedor de IA em \"Configurações\".",
+  "Last 24 h of news. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text and data automatically and can be wrong. Side labels, where shown, describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Últimas 24 h de notícias. Cada notícia leva ao seu editor; locais e categorias são lidos do texto e dos dados automaticamente e podem estar errados. Os rótulos de lado, quando exibidos, descrevem a fonte, não se a notícia é verdadeira.",
+  "Economy": "Economia",
+  "News from {area}": "Notícias: {area}",
+  "Within {km} km of the view centre": "Até {km} km do centro da vista",
+  "{region}, {country}": "{region}, {country}",
+  "via {source}": "via {source}",
+  "Local in the News layer: the day’s news from the outlets of the country in view": "Local na camada de notícias: as notícias do dia dos veículos do país em vista",
+  "{provider} refused its key": "{provider} recusou a chave",
+  "Check {envVars} in Provider Settings": "Verifique {envVars} em \"Configurações de provedores\"",
+  "{provider} key required": "Chave do {provider} necessária",
+  "{provider} limit reached for today": "{provider} atingiu o limite de hoje",
+  "News resumes tomorrow, or with a paid plan": "As notícias voltam amanhã, ou com um plano pago",
+  "News key required": "Chave de notícias necessária",
+  "Precise conflict points in the News layer, beside GDELT’s articles": "Pontos de conflito precisos na camada de notícias, ao lado dos artigos do GDELT",
+  "Worldwide": "Mundo"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index 8de804c4b..87300c17a 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -13,12 +13,7 @@
     "many": "{count} сообщений сегодня",
     "other": "{count} сообщения сегодня"
   },
-  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Последние 24 ч по выбранным горячим точкам. Каждое сообщение ведёт к своему изданию; места и категории определяются по тексту автоматически и могут быть ошибочны. Метки сторон описывают источник, а не достоверность сообщения.",
   "Disputed: {name}": "Спорная территория: {name}",
-  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Под управлением: {holder} · претендует: {claimant}",
-  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Самоуправляемая · претендует: {claimant}",
-  "UN-patrolled zone": "Зона патрулирования ООН",
-  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "Не претендует ни один сосед",
   "Video": "Видео",
   "Photos": "Фото",
   "Claimed by {who}": "Заявление: {who}",
@@ -3356,5 +3351,20 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "Провайдер отклонил ключ API. Проверьте его в «Настройках провайдеров».",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Слишком много запросов в чате. Повторите попытку через {seconds} с.",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "Провайдер отказал этому ключу в доступе. Проверьте проект, регион или разрешения ключа.",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "На вашем счёте у провайдера закончились средства. Проверьте оплату или выберите другого провайдера ИИ в настройках."
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "На вашем счёте у провайдера закончились средства. Проверьте оплату или выберите другого провайдера ИИ в настройках.",
+  "Last 24 h of news. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text and data automatically and can be wrong. Side labels, where shown, describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Новости за последние 24 ч. Каждое сообщение ведёт к своему изданию; места и категории определяются по тексту и данным автоматически и могут быть ошибочны. Метки сторон, где они есть, описывают источник, а не достоверность сообщения.",
+  "Economy": "Экономика",
+  "News from {area}": "Новости: {area}",
+  "Within {km} km of the view centre": "В радиусе {km} км от центра карты",
+  "{region}, {country}": "{region}, {country}",
+  "via {source}": "через {source}",
+  "Local in the News layer: the day’s news from the outlets of the country in view": "Местное в слое новостей: новости дня от СМИ страны в кадре",
+  "{provider} refused its key": "{provider} отклонил ключ",
+  "Check {envVars} in Provider Settings": "Проверьте {envVars} в «Настройках провайдеров»",
+  "{provider} key required": "Нужен ключ {provider}",
+  "{provider} limit reached for today": "{provider}: дневной лимит исчерпан",
+  "News resumes tomorrow, or with a paid plan": "Новости вернутся завтра или с платным тарифом",
+  "News key required": "Нужен ключ новостей",
+  "Precise conflict points in the News layer, beside GDELT’s articles": "Точные точки конфликтов в слое новостей, вдобавок к статьям GDELT",
+  "Worldwide": "Весь мир"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index 8db82b9f2..262a6b965 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -13,12 +13,7 @@
     "many": "{count} повідомлень сьогодні",
     "other": "{count} повідомлення сьогодні"
   },
-  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Останні 24 год за вибраними гарячими точками. Кожне повідомлення веде до свого видання; місця й категорії визначаються з тексту автоматично і можуть бути хибними. Позначки сторін описують джерело, а не правдивість повідомлення.",
   "Disputed: {name}": "Спірна територія: {name}",
-  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "Під управлінням: {holder} · претендує: {claimant}",
-  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "Самоврядна · претендує: {claimant}",
-  "UN-patrolled zone": "Зона патрулювання ООН",
-  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "Не претендує жоден сусід",
   "Video": "Відео",
   "Photos": "Фото",
   "Claimed by {who}": "Заява: {who}",
@@ -3356,5 +3351,20 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "Постачальник відхилив ключ API. Перевірте його в «Налаштуваннях постачальників».",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Забагато запитів до чату. Спробуйте ще раз через {seconds} с.",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "Постачальник відмовив цьому ключу в доступі. Перевірте проєкт, регіон або дозволи ключа.",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "На вашому рахунку в постачальника закінчилися кошти. Перевірте оплату або виберіть іншого постачальника ШІ в налаштуваннях."
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "На вашому рахунку в постачальника закінчилися кошти. Перевірте оплату або виберіть іншого постачальника ШІ в налаштуваннях.",
+  "Last 24 h of news. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text and data automatically and can be wrong. Side labels, where shown, describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "Новини за останні 24 год. Кожне повідомлення веде до свого видання; місця й категорії визначаються з тексту й даних автоматично і можуть бути хибними. Позначки сторін, де вони є, описують джерело, а не правдивість повідомлення.",
+  "Economy": "Економіка",
+  "News from {area}": "Новини: {area}",
+  "Within {km} km of the view centre": "У радіусі {km} км від центру мапи",
+  "{region}, {country}": "{region}, {country}",
+  "via {source}": "через {source}",
+  "Local in the News layer: the day’s news from the outlets of the country in view": "Місцеве в шарі новин: новини дня від медіа країни в кадрі",
+  "{provider} refused its key": "{provider} відхилив ключ",
+  "Check {envVars} in Provider Settings": "Перевірте {envVars} у «Налаштуваннях постачальників»",
+  "{provider} key required": "Потрібен ключ {provider}",
+  "{provider} limit reached for today": "{provider}: денний ліміт вичерпано",
+  "News resumes tomorrow, or with a paid plan": "Новини повернуться завтра або з платним тарифом",
+  "News key required": "Потрібен ключ новин",
+  "Precise conflict points in the News layer, beside GDELT’s articles": "Точні точки конфліктів у шарі новин, на додачу до статей GDELT",
+  "Worldwide": "Увесь світ"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index e4b6c0920..e45820bce 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -7,12 +7,7 @@
   "{count} reports today": {
     "other": "今日 {count} 条报道"
   },
-  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "精选热点的最近 24 小时。每条报道都链接到其发布者；地点和类别由文本自动读取，可能有误。阵营标签描述的是来源，而非报道是否属实。",
   "Disputed: {name}": "争议地区：{name}",
-  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "由{holder}管辖 · {claimant}主张主权",
-  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "自治 · {claimant}主张主权",
-  "UN-patrolled zone": "联合国巡逻区",
-  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "两个邻国均未主张",
   "Video": "视频",
   "Photos": "照片",
   "Claimed by {who}": "{who}声称",
@@ -3122,5 +3117,20 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "服务商拒绝了 API 密钥。请在服务商设置中检查。",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "聊天请求过多。请在 {seconds} 秒后重试。",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "服务商拒绝了此密钥的访问请求。请检查该密钥所属的项目、区域或权限。",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "服务商账户余额不足。请检查账户的计费信息，或在设置中选择其他 AI 服务商。"
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "服务商账户余额不足。请检查账户的计费信息，或在设置中选择其他 AI 服务商。",
+  "Last 24 h of news. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text and data automatically and can be wrong. Side labels, where shown, describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "最近 24 小时的新闻。每条报道都链接到其发布者；地点和类别由文本和数据自动读取，可能有误。阵营标签（如有显示）描述的是来源，而非报道是否属实。",
+  "Economy": "经济",
+  "News from {area}": "{area}新闻",
+  "Within {km} km of the view centre": "视图中心 {km} 公里范围内",
+  "{region}, {country}": "{country}{region}",
+  "via {source}": "来自 {source}",
+  "Local in the News layer: the day’s news from the outlets of the country in view": "新闻图层的本地：视野中国家的媒体当天的新闻",
+  "{provider} refused its key": "{provider} 拒绝了密钥",
+  "Check {envVars} in Provider Settings": "请在服务商设置中检查 {envVars}",
+  "{provider} key required": "需要 {provider} 密钥",
+  "{provider} limit reached for today": "{provider} 已达今日上限",
+  "News resumes tomorrow, or with a paid plan": "新闻将于明天恢复，或升级付费套餐",
+  "News key required": "需要新闻密钥",
+  "Precise conflict points in the News layer, beside GDELT’s articles": "新闻图层中精确的冲突地点，与 GDELT 的文章并列",
+  "Worldwide": "全球"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index 976688ef9..6828c3d41 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -7,12 +7,7 @@
   "{count} reports today": {
     "other": "今日 {count} 則報導"
   },
-  "Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "精選熱點的最近 24 小時。每則報導都連結至其發布者；地點與類別由文字自動判讀，可能有誤。陣營標籤描述的是來源，而非報導是否屬實。",
   "Disputed: {name}": "爭議地區：{name}",
-  "Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}": "由{holder}管轄 · {claimant}主張主權",
-  "Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}": "自治 · {claimant}主張主權",
-  "UN-patrolled zone": "聯合國巡邏區",
-  "Claimed by neither neighbour": "兩個鄰國均未主張",
   "Video": "影片",
   "Photos": "照片",
   "Claimed by {who}": "{who}聲稱",
@@ -3122,5 +3117,20 @@
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "服務商拒絕了 API 密鑰。請在服務商設置中檢查。",
   "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "聊天請求過多。請在 {seconds} 秒後重試。",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "服務商拒絕了此密鑰的訪問請求。請檢查該密鑰所屬的項目、區域或權限。",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "服務商賬戶餘額不足。請檢查賬戶的計費信息，或在設置中選擇其他 AI 服務商。"
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "服務商賬戶餘額不足。請檢查賬戶的計費信息，或在設置中選擇其他 AI 服務商。",
+  "Last 24 h of news. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text and data automatically and can be wrong. Side labels, where shown, describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "最近 24 小時的新聞。每則報導都連結至其發布者；地點與類別由文字與資料自動判讀，可能有誤。陣營標籤（如有顯示）描述的是來源，而非報導是否屬實。",
+  "Economy": "經濟",
+  "News from {area}": "{area}新聞",
+  "Within {km} km of the view centre": "視圖中心 {km} 公里範圍內",
+  "{region}, {country}": "{country}{region}",
+  "via {source}": "來自 {source}",
+  "Local in the News layer: the day’s news from the outlets of the country in view": "新聞圖層的本地：視野中國家的媒體當天的新聞",
+  "{provider} refused its key": "{provider} 拒絕了金鑰",
+  "Check {envVars} in Provider Settings": "請在服務商設置中檢查 {envVars}",
+  "{provider} key required": "需要 {provider} 金鑰",
+  "{provider} limit reached for today": "{provider} 已達今日上限",
+  "News resumes tomorrow, or with a paid plan": "新聞將於明天恢復，或升級付費方案",
+  "News key required": "需要新聞金鑰",
+  "Precise conflict points in the News layer, beside GDELT’s articles": "新聞圖層中精確的衝突地點，與 GDELT 的文章並列",
+  "Worldwide": "全球"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
index 36ce019d7..3bec7f43f 100644
--- a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
+++ b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
@@ -197,6 +197,7 @@
     "view band|GLOBAL",
     "{city} CCTV",
     "{county} County",
+    "{region}, {country}",
     "{source} HTTP {status}",
     "{speed} kn",
     "{type}  SPD: {speed}  HDG: {heading}",
@@ -335,6 +336,7 @@
     "{hours} h",
     "{minutes} min",
     "{rate} msg/s",
+    "{region}, {country}",
     "{speed} kn",
     "{type}  SPD: {speed}  HDG: {heading}",
     "{value} KM",
@@ -517,6 +519,7 @@
     "satellite",
     "standard",
     "station",
+    "via {source}",
     "voice|OFF",
     "{count} MSGS",
     "{count} SOURCES",
@@ -527,6 +530,7 @@
     "{n} cyclones",
     "{n} satellites",
     "{rate} msg/s",
+    "{region}, {country}",
     "{value} KM",
     "{value} KM/H",
     "{value} KM/S",
@@ -703,6 +707,7 @@
     "{hours} h",
     "{minutes} min",
     "{rate} msg/s",
+    "{region}, {country}",
     "{scene} / {pack}: {status}. File: {path}. {attribution} · {license}",
     "{source} HTTP {status}",
     "{speed} kn",
@@ -892,10 +897,12 @@
     "mini",
     "mph",
     "nominal",
+    "via {source}",
     "view band|GLOBAL",
     "{hours} h",
     "{minutes} min",
     "{rate} msg/s",
+    "{region}, {country}",
     "{type}  SPD: {speed}  HDG: {heading}",
     "{value} KM",
     "{value} KM/H",
@@ -920,7 +927,8 @@
     "S2 GhostMaps",
     "S2 · {name}",
     "VS",
-    "WHOT/BHOT"
+    "WHOT/BHOT",
+    "{region}, {country}"
   ],
   "uk": [
     "AIS: --",
@@ -933,7 +941,8 @@
     "NVG",
     "REC",
     "S2 GhostMaps",
-    "WHOT/BHOT"
+    "WHOT/BHOT",
+    "{region}, {country}"
   ],
   "zh-CN": [
     "1090 MHz",
diff --git a/src/keySetupCore.mjs b/src/keySetupCore.mjs
index d8ccc048d..2ef722cd5 100644
--- a/src/keySetupCore.mjs
+++ b/src/keySetupCore.mjs
@@ -89,6 +89,26 @@ export const KEY_SETUP_KEYS = Object.freeze([
     envVars: Object.freeze(['FIRMS_MAP_KEY']),
     tier: 'free',
   }),
+  Object.freeze({
+    id: 'liveuamap',
+    title: 'LIVEUAMAP', // i18n-ignore: provider product name
+    unlocks: msg(
+      'Precise conflict points in the News layer, beside GDELT’s articles',
+    ),
+    getUrl: 'https://liveuamap.com/promo/api',
+    envVars: Object.freeze(['LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY']),
+    tier: 'metered',
+  }),
+  Object.freeze({
+    id: 'worldnewsapi',
+    title: 'WORLD NEWS API', // i18n-ignore: provider product name
+    unlocks: msg(
+      'Local in the News layer: the day’s news from the outlets of the country in view',
+    ),
+    getUrl: 'https://worldnewsapi.com/console/',
+    envVars: Object.freeze(['WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY']),
+    tier: 'free',
+  }),
   Object.freeze({
     id: 'tomtom',
     title: 'TOMTOM', // i18n-ignore: provider product name
diff --git a/src/layers/news/cards.js b/src/layers/news/cards.js
index 25a355445..c7a450e26 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/cards.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/cards.js
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ function paint(canvas, view, look, pic) {
   ctx.strokeStyle = WORLD_OVERLAY_STYLE.border;
   ctx.lineWidth = 1;
   ctx.stroke();
-  // Severity down the left edge, where Breaking marks a Live report.
+  // Severity down the left edge.
   ctx.save();
   roundRect(ctx, 0.5, 0.5, CARD_W - 1, CARD_H - 1, WORLD_OVERLAY_STYLE.radius);
   ctx.clip();
diff --git a/src/layers/news/index.js b/src/layers/news/index.js
index 3223d0e45..fcd5434fe 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/index.js
@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@ import {
   removeEntityContextsForLayer,
   selectEntityContext,
 } from '../../data/contextStore.js';
+import {
+  LIVEUAMAP_CREDIT,
+  NATURAL_EARTH_CREDIT,
+  registerDynamicCredit,
+} from '../../data/dataCredits.js';
 import { msg, t, tn } from '../../i18n/index.js';
 import { createHorizonCull, viewCentre } from '../streetLevel/view.js';
 import {
@@ -22,6 +27,7 @@ import {
   NEWS_FEED_PAGE,
   NEWS_FOCUS_HEIGHT_M,
   NEWS_IN_VIEW_MAX_HEIGHT_M,
+  NEWS_IN_VIEW_RADIUS_KM,
   NEWS_LOCAL_LIMIT,
   NEWS_LAYER_ID,
   NEWS_MAP_LIMIT,
@@ -32,7 +38,9 @@ import {
   NEWS_SEVERITY,
   NEWS_WINDOW_MS,
   ageWords,
+  areaLabel,
   attestation,
+  attributionLabel,
   beaconPixelSize,
   cardEvents,
   cardView,
@@ -42,6 +50,7 @@ import {
   feedQueryFor,
   hotspotLabel,
   hotspotTrend,
+  inPolygons,
   isPressing,
   markerStyle,
   mediaLabels,
@@ -68,15 +77,54 @@ export * from './model.js';
 export { createNewsSource } from './source.js';
 
 const FEED_UNAVAILABLE = msg('News feed unavailable');
+// The providers a server without a news pipeline reads each section from,
+// by the key registry's ids (keySetupCore.mjs): name and variable. A copy, so
+// the layer pulls in no registry; a test holds the two together.
+export const NEWS_KEY_PROVIDERS = Object.freeze({
+  liveuamap: { name: 'Liveuamap', envVar: 'LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY' }, // i18n-ignore: provider product name
+  worldnewsapi: { name: 'World News API', envVar: 'WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY' }, // i18n-ignore: provider product name
+});
+// A read refused for want of a key, or its day's allowance spent:
+// `{id, rejected, quota}`, else null.
+const keyNeed = (cause) =>
+  cause?.keyRequired && Object.hasOwn(NEWS_KEY_PROVIDERS, cause.keyId)
+    ? {
+        id: cause.keyId,
+        rejected: cause.keyRejected === true,
+        quota: cause.keyQuota === true,
+      }
+    : null;
+/** What the News panel says of a section's missing, refused or spent key. */
+function keyNotice(need) {
+  if (!need) return null;
+  const { name: provider, envVar: envVars } = NEWS_KEY_PROVIDERS[need.id];
+  if (need.quota)
+    return {
+      title: t('{provider} limit reached for today', { provider }),
+      hint: t('News resumes tomorrow, or with a paid plan'),
+    };
+  return need.rejected
+    ? {
+        title: t('{provider} refused its key', { provider }),
+        hint: t('Check {envVars} in Provider Settings', { envVars }),
+      }
+    : {
+        title: t('{provider} key required', { provider }),
+        hint: t('Needs {envVars} — add it in Provider Settings', { envVars }),
+      };
+}
 const REPORT_PREFIX = `${NEWS_PICK_PREFIX}report:`;
 const HOTSPOT_PREFIX = `${NEWS_PICK_PREFIX}hotspot:`;
 const DEVELOPING_PREFIX = `${NEWS_PICK_PREFIX}developing:`;
+const LOCAL_PREFIX = `${NEWS_PICK_PREFIX}local:`;
 // Outlines in GEV's own colours, apart from the severity ramp: hotspots in
 // the accent, developing places in its lighter tint, disputed areas dotted
-// in the primary text colour.
+// in the primary text colour, the Local section's area a faint line of it.
 const DEVELOPING_COLOR = '#9defff';
 const DISPUTED_COLOR = '#e8eaed';
 const HOTSPOT_COLOR = '#00d4ff';
+// Disputed areas' names are context, not news.
+const DISPUTED_LABEL_SCALE = 0.75;
 // A filtered feed page that shows almost nothing reads the next page by
 // itself, a few times, so a strict severity floor still fills the list.
 const AUTO_PAGES = 3;
@@ -88,8 +136,11 @@ const emptyFeed = () => ({
   error: null,
 });
 // Local: `active` while the camera is low enough to have a "near here";
-// `minor` holds the day's reports with minor news included, read once while
-// the Local section is chosen.
+// `minor` holds the day's reports for the area, minor news included, read
+// once per area while the Local section is chosen (and with each refresh);
+// `area` is the area named at the view centre (`{key, name, kind, country}`,
+// null at sea), `areaPolygons` its outline and `areaAt` the point it was
+// named at; `readKey` the area `minor` is of.
 const emptyInView = () => ({
   active: false,
   cell: null,
@@ -97,15 +148,20 @@ const emptyInView = () => ({
   minor: null,
   loading: false,
   error: null,
+  area: null,
+  areaPolygons: null,
+  areaAt: null,
+  areaLoading: false,
+  readKey: null,
 });
 
 /**
- * News from curated hotspots, real time only (the last 24 hours). Zoomed out:
- * one beacon per hotspot with its daily count and trend, and a breathing
- * beacon per developing situation. Close up or with a hotspot chosen:
- * outlines (disputed areas dotted) and the geocoded reports as markers, the
- * big events as picture cards. The News panel renders the feed this layer
- * publishes through getRowControls().feed.
+ * News from the hotspots a news server names, real time only (the last 24
+ * hours). Zoomed out: one beacon per hotspot with its daily count and trend,
+ * and a breathing beacon per developing situation. Close up or with a hotspot
+ * chosen: outlines (disputed areas dotted) and the geocoded reports as
+ * markers, the big events as picture cards. The News panel renders the feed
+ * this layer publishes through getRowControls().feed.
  */
 export function createNewsLayer({
   source,
@@ -116,6 +172,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
   hitTestOverlay = hitTestWorldOverlay,
   openUrl = (url) => globalThis.open?.(url, '_blank', 'noopener,noreferrer'),
   getViewCentre = viewCentre,
+  registerCredit = registerDynamicCredit,
 } = {}) {
   if (
     typeof source?.getHotspots !== 'function' ||
@@ -133,6 +190,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     request = null,
     feedRequest = null,
     inViewRequest = null,
+    areaRequest = null,
     settleTimer = null,
     pulseTimer = null,
     removeCameraListener = null;
@@ -143,8 +201,13 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     error = null,
     lastUpdate = null,
     lastRunAt = null,
-    autoPages = 0;
+    autoPages = 0,
+    // A server without the area route (/outline?at=) answers so once; Local
+    // then keeps to the radius until the layer is turned off.
+    noAreaRoute = false;
   let hotspots = [];
+  // Each section's missing or refused key (keyNeed), while its reads say so.
+  let needs = { conflicts: null, local: null };
   // The window the server serves (newsWindowMs): a host may serve
   // fewer hours than the day. `windowMs` is the one shown: that window, or a
   // shorter one chosen in the panel (filters.hours).
@@ -159,6 +222,19 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
   let shownDetail = null;
   let cullTargets = [];
   const contextEntities = new Map();
+  // Credits are registered once what they credit first shows; the registry
+  // keeps them for the session (as TomTom's) and has no removal.
+  const credited = new Set();
+  function credit(entry, shown) {
+    if (shown && !credited.has(entry.key) && registerCredit(viewer, entry))
+      credited.add(entry.key);
+  }
+  // Liveuamap asks to be credited wherever its mapped reports show.
+  const creditReports = (reports) =>
+    credit(
+      LIVEUAMAP_CREDIT,
+      reports.some((r) => r?.kind === 'liveuamap'),
+    );
   const notify = () => listener?.();
   const requestRender = () => viewer?.scene?.requestRender?.();
   const reducedMotion = () =>
@@ -189,6 +265,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
       now(),
       limit,
       windowMs,
+      inView.areaPolygons,
     );
   const shownWindowMs = () =>
     Math.min(maxWindowMs, (filters.hours ?? Infinity) * 3_600_000);
@@ -389,20 +466,21 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
           priority: 10_000 + hotspot.last24h,
         }),
       );
-      // Each disputed area is named, with who holds it and who claims it.
+      // Each disputed area is named, smaller than the news labels and below
+      // them in priority. Its title only: a label paints no detail line, yet
+      // the overlay sizes the label for one, which left a wide empty box.
       for (const area of outlineDisputed.get(hotspot.id) || []) {
         const ring = area.rings[0];
         const lon = ring.reduce((sum, p) => sum + p[0], 0) / ring.length;
         const lat = ring.reduce((sum, p) => sum + p[1], 0) / ring.length;
-        const label = disputedLabel(area);
         labels.push(
           ambientLabel({
             id: `disputed:${hotspot.id}:${area.name}`,
             position: cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lon, lat),
-            title: label.title,
-            details: [label.detail],
+            title: disputedLabel(area),
             accent: DISPUTED_COLOR,
             priority: 8_000,
+            presentationScale: DISPUTED_LABEL_SCALE,
           }),
         );
       }
@@ -538,8 +616,9 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     }
   }
 
-  // The selected report's card: what, where, how attested, and the link to
-  // the original article ("Source: host ↗"), which a click on it opens.
+  // The selected report's card: what, where, how attested, the link to the
+  // original article ("Source: host ↗"), which a click on it opens, and the
+  // service it came through.
   function selectedCard(report, labels) {
     if (!report?.pins.length) return;
     const pin = report.pins[selectedPin] ? selectedPin : 0;
@@ -567,6 +646,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         attestation(report)?.label || '',
         mediaLabels(report).join(' · '),
         sourceLinkLabel(report.url),
+        attributionLabel(report),
       ].filter(Boolean),
       accent: severityStyle(report).color,
       selected: true,
@@ -612,6 +692,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         ? [...shown, current]
         : shown;
     renderMarkers(entities, drawn);
+    if (enabled) creditReports(drawn.filter((r) => r.pins.length && onMap(r)));
     entities.resumeEvents();
     showOutlines(detail);
     const at = cesium.JulianDate.now();
@@ -724,7 +805,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
   function addOutline(
     key,
     { polygons, borders, disputed = [] },
-    { color, fillAlpha, pickId },
+    { color, fillAlpha, pickId, lineAlpha = 0.85, width = 2 },
   ) {
     if (!outlineSource || outlineParts.has(key)) return;
     const css = cesium.Color.fromCssColorString(color);
@@ -761,8 +842,8 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         line(
           `${pickId}~line${index}.${k}`,
           closed(points),
-          2,
-          css.withAlpha(0.85),
+          width,
+          css.withAlpha(lineAlpha),
         );
     }
     // National borders inside a multi-country hotspot: thin and dashed.
@@ -829,10 +910,21 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     const developing = new Set(
       hotspots.flatMap((h) => (h.developing || []).map((d) => d.key)),
     );
+    const localKey =
+      localMode() && inView.area ? `local:${inView.area.key}` : null;
+    // The built-in server's area outlines are Natural Earth's.
+    credit(NATURAL_EARTH_CREDIT, enabled && outlineParts.has(localKey));
     for (const [key, parts] of outlineParts) {
       const country = key.startsWith('developing:') ? key.slice(11) : null;
-      const visible = enabled && (country ? developing.has(country) : detail);
-      const fill = visible && !country && filters.hotspot !== key;
+      const isLocal = key.startsWith('local:');
+      const visible =
+        enabled &&
+        (isLocal
+          ? key === localKey
+          : country
+            ? developing.has(country)
+            : detail);
+      const fill = visible && !country && !isLocal && filters.hotspot !== key;
       for (const entity of parts.fills)
         if (entity.show !== fill) entity.show = fill;
       for (const entity of parts.borders)
@@ -862,6 +954,9 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
       );
       if (controller.signal.aborted || feedRequest !== controller || !enabled)
         return;
+      // Any news server may refuse a section for a key; a read that passes
+      // clears it, not only the next refresh.
+      needs = { ...needs, conflicts: null };
       feed = {
         ...mergeFeedPage(feed, page, mode, now(), undefined, windowMs),
         loading: false,
@@ -869,10 +964,12 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
       };
     } catch (cause) {
       if (controller.signal.aborted || feedRequest !== controller) return;
+      const need = keyNeed(cause);
+      if (need) needs = { ...needs, conflicts: need };
       feed = {
         ...feed,
         loading: false,
-        error: cause?.message || FEED_UNAVAILABLE,
+        error: need ? null : cause?.message || FEED_UNAVAILABLE,
       };
     } finally {
       if (feedRequest === controller) feedRequest = null;
@@ -890,11 +987,11 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     }
   }
 
-  // "In view": below 3,000 km, the reports within 500 km of the view centre,
-  // placed again once the camera has settled for 0.8 s in another half-degree
-  // cell. The feed has no area query: the layer already holds the last day's
-  // geocoded reports (the map's), kept here by distance. Only "Include minor
-  // news" needs its own read, once per refresh, never per pan.
+  // "In view" (the Local section): below 3,000 km, the reports in the area
+  // named at the view centre (else, at sea, within 500 km of it), placed
+  // again once the camera has settled for 0.8 s in another half-degree cell.
+  // Each area is read once (its reports, minor news included, by the `at`
+  // query) and again with each refresh; a pan inside it reads nothing.
   function scheduleInView() {
     clearTimeout(settleTimer);
     settleTimer = setTimeout(() => {
@@ -908,7 +1005,8 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     if (!(height < NEWS_IN_VIEW_MAX_HEIGHT_M)) {
       if (inView.active) {
         inViewRequest?.abort();
-        inViewRequest = null;
+        areaRequest?.abort();
+        inViewRequest = areaRequest = null;
         inView = emptyInView();
         if (local()) render();
         notify();
@@ -921,13 +1019,31 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     if (!force && inView.active && cell === inView.cell) return;
     inView = { ...inView, active: true, cell, centre };
     if (!local()) {
+      // Conflicts reads neither the area nor its reports.
       inViewRequest?.abort();
-      inViewRequest = null;
-      inView = { ...inView, minor: null, loading: false, error: null };
+      areaRequest?.abort();
+      inViewRequest = areaRequest = null;
+      inView = {
+        ...inView,
+        minor: null,
+        loading: false,
+        error: null,
+        areaLoading: false,
+      };
       notify();
       return;
     }
-    if (!force && (inView.minor || inViewRequest)) {
+    // The area first: the read asks for its reports (and wakes its
+    // country's national feeds on the server).
+    if ((await refreshArea(centre)) === 'superseded') return;
+    // The section changed, or the layer went off, while the area was read.
+    if (!local() || !enabled) return;
+    const readKey = inView.area?.key ?? '';
+    if (
+      !force &&
+      inView.readKey === readKey &&
+      (inView.minor || inViewRequest)
+    ) {
       render();
       notify();
       return;
@@ -946,12 +1062,15 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
           events: true,
           relevance: '',
           limit: NEWS_MAP_LIMIT,
+          at: inView.area ? inView.areaAt : undefined,
         },
         { signal: controller.signal },
       );
       if (controller.signal.aborted || inViewRequest !== controller) return;
+      needs = { ...needs, local: null };
       inView = {
         ...inView,
+        readKey,
         minor: page.reports.filter((r) =>
           withinNewsWindow(r, now(), maxWindowMs),
         ),
@@ -960,10 +1079,15 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
       };
     } catch (cause) {
       if (controller.signal.aborted || inViewRequest !== controller) return;
+      const need = keyNeed(cause);
+      needs = { ...needs, local: need };
       inView = {
         ...inView,
+        // A missing key is read again with the next refresh, not each pan.
+        readKey: need ? readKey : inView.readKey,
+        minor: need ? [] : inView.minor,
         loading: false,
-        error: cause?.message || FEED_UNAVAILABLE,
+        error: need ? null : cause?.message || FEED_UNAVAILABLE,
       };
     } finally {
       if (inViewRequest === controller) {
@@ -974,6 +1098,67 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     }
   }
 
+  // The area named at the view centre, read again only once the centre has
+  // left the one shown. Without one (at sea, or a server that names none)
+  // Local keeps to the radius. 'superseded' when a later look took over.
+  async function refreshArea(centre) {
+    if (!source.getAreaOutline || noAreaRoute) return 'none';
+    if (inView.areaPolygons && inPolygons(inView.areaPolygons, centre)) {
+      // Back inside the area shown: a read still out for where the camera
+      // was must not land over it.
+      if (areaRequest) {
+        areaRequest.abort();
+        areaRequest = null;
+        inView = { ...inView, areaLoading: false };
+      }
+      return 'same';
+    }
+    areaRequest?.abort();
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    areaRequest = controller;
+    inView = { ...inView, areaLoading: true };
+    notify();
+    let found = null;
+    try {
+      found = await source.getAreaOutline(centre, {
+        signal: controller.signal,
+      });
+    } catch (cause) {
+      // No area: the radius stands in for it. A server without the route
+      // (or one that refuses the query) is not asked again.
+      if (cause?.unavailable === true || cause?.status === 400)
+        noAreaRoute = true;
+    }
+    if (controller.signal.aborted || areaRequest !== controller)
+      return 'superseded';
+    areaRequest = null;
+    // The camera moved on while this was read, and no later read replaced it.
+    if (inView.centre !== centre) {
+      inView = { ...inView, areaLoading: false };
+      notify();
+      return 'superseded';
+    }
+    const area = found?.area && found.polygons.length ? found.area : null;
+    if (area)
+      addOutline(`local:${area.key}`, found, {
+        color: DISPUTED_COLOR,
+        fillAlpha: 0,
+        lineAlpha: 0.45,
+        width: 1.5,
+        pickId: `${LOCAL_PREFIX}${area.key}`,
+      });
+    inView = {
+      ...inView,
+      area,
+      areaPolygons: area ? found.polygons : null,
+      areaAt: area ? centre : null,
+      areaLoading: false,
+    };
+    render();
+    notify();
+    return 'read';
+  }
+
   function installSelection() {
     if (clickHandler || !viewer?.scene?.canvas) return;
     clickHandler = new cesium.ScreenSpaceEventHandler(viewer.scene.canvas);
@@ -1037,6 +1222,11 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     const at = now();
     const report = selected();
     const total = hotspots.reduce((sum, h) => sum + h.last24h, 0);
+    const listed = feed.items.filter((r) =>
+      passesFilters(r, filters, at, windowMs),
+    );
+    const nearby = localReports(NEWS_LOCAL_LIMIT);
+    if (enabled) creditReports([...(local() ? nearby : listed), report]);
     return {
       filters,
       hotspots: [
@@ -1056,14 +1246,19 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         label: t(level.label),
         color: level.color,
       })),
-      items: feed.items
-        .filter((r) => passesFilters(r, filters, at, windowMs))
-        .map((r) => feedCardView(r, at)),
+      items: listed.map((r) => feedCardView(r, at)),
       inView: {
         active: inView.active,
-        loading: inView.loading,
+        loading: inView.loading || inView.areaLoading,
+        // What Local reads: the named area, else the radius at sea.
+        area: inView.area ? areaLabel(inView.area) : null,
+        // Until the first area is named, the panel names neither it nor the radius.
+        areaLoading: inView.areaLoading,
+        radiusKm: NEWS_IN_VIEW_RADIUS_KM,
         error: inView.error ? t(FEED_UNAVAILABLE) : null,
-        items: localReports(NEWS_LOCAL_LIMIT).map((r) => feedCardView(r, at)),
+        // Local's key, when the server reads it from one and has none.
+        key: keyNotice(needs.local),
+        items: nearby.map((r) => feedCardView(r, at)),
       },
       selected:
         report && withinNewsWindow(report, at, windowMs)
@@ -1074,6 +1269,8 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
       loading: feed.loading || loading,
       // Read failures are English data; the panel shows them translated.
       error: error || feed.error ? t(error || feed.error) : null,
+      // Conflicts' key, likewise.
+      key: keyNotice(needs.conflicts),
       lastRunAt,
       windowHours: windowMs / 3_600_000,
       windowChoices: newsWindowChoices(maxWindowMs / 3_600_000),
@@ -1125,11 +1322,13 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     disable() {
       enabled = false;
       unavailable = false;
+      noAreaRoute = false;
       error = null;
       request?.abort();
       feedRequest?.abort();
       inViewRequest?.abort();
-      request = feedRequest = inViewRequest = null;
+      areaRequest?.abort();
+      request = feedRequest = inViewRequest = areaRequest = null;
       clearTimeout(settleTimer);
       settleTimer = null;
       loading = false;
@@ -1148,6 +1347,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
       contextEntities.clear();
       feed = emptyFeed();
       inView = emptyInView();
+      needs = { conflicts: null, local: null };
       mapReports = [];
       if (dataSource) {
         dataSource.entities.removeAll();
@@ -1190,6 +1390,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         if (!enabled || controller.signal.aborted || request !== controller)
           return false;
         hotspots = index.hotspots;
+        needs = { ...needs, conflicts: null };
         loadOutlines();
         lastRunAt = index.lastRunAt;
         // A server that names no limit serves the window its counts cover
@@ -1212,6 +1413,19 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         return true;
       } catch (cause) {
         if (controller.signal.aborted || request !== controller) return false;
+        const need = keyNeed(cause);
+        if (need) {
+          // Conflicts has no key: nothing of its own, and Local still reads.
+          needs = { ...needs, conflicts: need };
+          hotspots = [];
+          mapReports = [];
+          feed = emptyFeed();
+          filters = normalizeFilters({}, hotspots, filters);
+          error = null;
+          render();
+          void refreshInView({ force: inView.active });
+          return true;
+        }
         unavailable = cause?.unavailable === true;
         error = cause?.message || FEED_UNAVAILABLE;
         return true;
@@ -1272,7 +1486,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         chips: [],
         legend: [],
         info: t(
-          'Last 24 h from curated hotspots. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text automatically and can be wrong. Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.',
+          'Last 24 h of news. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text and data automatically and can be wrong. Side labels, where shown, describe the source, not whether a report is true.',
         ),
         // A ready-to-render view for the News panel (src/ui/newsPanel.js),
         // which takes no layer imports: labels and colours are resolved here.
diff --git a/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
index 782a7f3d4..97314a6c4 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
-import { createNewsLayer } from './index.js';
+import { KEY_SETUP_KEYS } from '../../keySetupCore.mjs';
+import { NEWS_KEY_PROVIDERS, createNewsLayer } from './index.js';
 
 const NOW = Date.parse('2026-10-28T10:00:00Z');
 const hotspotsPayload = {
@@ -43,12 +44,14 @@ function fixture(
     height = 20_000_000,
     reduced = false,
     centre = () => ({ lat: 49, lon: 36 }),
+    credits = [],
   } = {},
 ) {
   const calls = { feed: [], hotspots: 0, outline: 0 };
   const reports = [
     report('major', {
       severity: 3,
+      attribution: 'GDELT Project',
       event: {
         size: 3,
         severity: 3,
@@ -110,6 +113,10 @@ function fixture(
     now: () => NOW,
     matchMedia: () => ({ matches: reduced }),
     getViewCentre: () => centre(),
+    registerCredit: (_viewer, credit) => {
+      credits.push(credit.key);
+      return true;
+    },
   });
   // The context store announces selections on `window`, which Node lacks.
   const originalWindow = globalThis.window;
@@ -125,6 +132,34 @@ function fixture(
 }
 
 const settle = () => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+const flush = async () => {
+  for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+};
+const keyError = (key, extra = {}) =>
+  Object.assign(new Error('News key required'), {
+    keyRequired: true,
+    keyRejected: false,
+    keyId: key,
+    retryable: true,
+    ...extra,
+  });
+const ukraine = {
+  area: { key: 'UA', name: 'Ukraine', kind: 'country', country: 'UA' },
+  polygons: [
+    {
+      outer: [
+        [35, 48],
+        [37, 48],
+        [37, 50.5],
+        [35, 50.5],
+      ],
+      holes: [],
+    },
+  ],
+  borders: [],
+  disputed: [],
+};
+const noArea = { area: null, polygons: [], borders: [], disputed: [] };
 
 test('the feed shows the last 24 h at significant and above, beacons when zoomed out', async (t) => {
   const { layer, calls, entries } = fixture(t);
@@ -165,6 +200,9 @@ test('choosing a card selects it and flies straight down from 150 km; reduced mo
   assert.ok(Math.abs(Cesium.Math.toDegrees(at.latitude) - 50) < 1e-6);
   const card = entries.at(-1).find((e) => e.id === 'selected-report:major');
   assert.ok(card.details.includes('Source: example.com ↗'));
+  // The service the report came through is credited where it shows.
+  assert.ok(card.details.includes('via GDELT Project'));
+  assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.selected.via, 'via GDELT Project');
   assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.selected.id, 'major');
   layer.setParams({ clear: true });
   assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.selected, null);
@@ -273,6 +311,106 @@ test('Local reads every report once, lists those near the view and takes the map
   assert.deepEqual(view.inView.items, []);
 });
 
+test('Local reads the area at the view centre, lists its reports and outlines it faintly', async (t) => {
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
+  let centre = { lat: 49, lon: 36 };
+  const areaReads = [];
+  const feedReads = [];
+  const box = [
+    [35, 48],
+    [37, 48],
+    [37, 50.5],
+    [35, 50.5],
+  ];
+  const { layer, camera, viewer } = fixture(t, {
+    height: 1_000_000,
+    centre: () => centre,
+    source: {
+      getFeed: async (query) => {
+        feedReads.push(query);
+        return {
+          reports: [
+            report('inside', { severity: 1, relevance: 'minor' }),
+            report('beyond', {
+              severity: 2,
+              pins: [{ lat: 49, lon: 39, place: 'Luhansk', mappable: true }],
+            }),
+          ],
+          nextBefore: null,
+        };
+      },
+      getAreaOutline: async (point) => {
+        areaReads.push(point);
+        return point.lat > 45
+          ? {
+              area: {
+                key: 'UA',
+                name: 'Ukraine',
+                kind: 'country',
+                country: 'UA',
+              },
+              polygons: [{ outer: box, holes: [] }],
+              borders: [],
+              disputed: [],
+            }
+          : { area: null, polygons: [], borders: [], disputed: [] };
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const outline = () =>
+    viewer.added[0].entities.values.filter((e) =>
+      String(e.id).includes('local:UA'),
+    );
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  await flush();
+  // Conflicts reads no area.
+  assert.equal(areaReads.length, 0);
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { section: 'local' } });
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(areaReads.length, 1);
+  // The read asks the server for the area's reports, at the point named.
+  const localRead = () => feedReads.filter((q) => q.relevance === '').at(-1);
+  assert.deepEqual(localRead().at, { lat: 49, lon: 36 });
+  let view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.equal(view.inView.area, 'Ukraine');
+  // Luhansk is within 500 km, outside the area.
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    view.inView.items.map((item) => item.id),
+    ['inside'],
+  );
+  assert.ok(outline().length > 0);
+  assert.ok(
+    outline().every((e) => e.show && e.polyline.width.getValue() === 1.5),
+  );
+  // A pan inside the area reads it again only once the centre leaves it.
+  centre = { lat: 50, lon: 36.5 };
+  camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
+  t.mock.timers.tick(800);
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(areaReads.length, 1);
+  // At sea: no area, the radius, and the outline hidden.
+  centre = { lat: 43, lon: 34 };
+  camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
+  t.mock.timers.tick(800);
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(areaReads.length, 2);
+  assert.equal(localRead().at, undefined);
+  view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.equal(view.inView.area, null);
+  assert.equal(view.inView.radiusKm, 500);
+  assert.ok(outline().every((e) => !e.show));
+  // Conflicts hides the area's outline too.
+  centre = { lat: 49, lon: 36 };
+  camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
+  t.mock.timers.tick(800);
+  await flush();
+  assert.ok(outline().every((e) => e.show));
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { section: 'conflicts' } });
+  await flush();
+  assert.ok(outline().every((e) => !e.show));
+});
+
 test('a shorter window narrows the feed and reads the hotspot counts for it', async (t) => {
   const asked = [];
   const { layer } = fixture(t, {
@@ -351,6 +489,316 @@ test('a server without news is unavailable once and is not asked again', async (
   assert.equal(reads, 2);
 });
 
+test('a section read from a key the server lacks says which key, and the other still reads', async (t) => {
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
+  let liveuamap = keyError('liveuamap');
+  let worldNews = keyError('worldnewsapi');
+  let hotspotReads = 0;
+  const { layer } = fixture(t, {
+    height: 1_000_000,
+    source: {
+      getHotspots: async () => {
+        hotspotReads++;
+        if (liveuamap) throw liveuamap;
+        return hotspotsPayload;
+      },
+      getFeed: async (query) => {
+        if (query.at && worldNews) throw worldNews;
+        if (!query.at && liveuamap) throw liveuamap;
+        return {
+          reports: [report('inside', { relevance: 'minor' })],
+          nextBefore: null,
+        };
+      },
+      getAreaOutline: async () => ukraine,
+    },
+  });
+  layer.enable();
+  assert.equal(await layer.update(), true);
+  await flush();
+  let view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.equal(view.key.title, 'Liveuamap key required');
+  assert.match(view.key.hint, /LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY/);
+  assert.equal(view.error, null, 'a missing key is no failure');
+  assert.equal(layer.getStats().sourceUnavailable, undefined);
+
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { section: 'local' } });
+  await flush();
+  view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.equal(view.inView.key.title, 'World News API key required');
+  assert.match(view.inView.key.hint, /WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY/);
+  assert.equal(view.inView.error, null);
+
+  // A key set meanwhile is picked up by the next refresh.
+  worldNews = null;
+  await layer.update();
+  await flush();
+  view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.equal(view.inView.key, null);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    view.inView.items.map((item) => item.id),
+    ['inside'],
+  );
+  assert.equal(view.key.title, 'Liveuamap key required');
+
+  liveuamap = keyError('liveuamap', { keyRejected: true });
+  await layer.update();
+  view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.equal(view.key.title, 'Liveuamap refused its key');
+  assert.equal(view.key.hint, 'Check LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY in Provider Settings');
+
+  liveuamap = null;
+  await layer.update();
+  await flush();
+  view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.equal(view.key, null);
+  assert.equal(hotspotReads, 4, 'a missing key is asked again each refresh');
+});
+
+test("Local says when its provider's allowance for the day is spent, until a read passes", async (t) => {
+  let quota = true;
+  const { layer } = fixture(t, {
+    height: 1_000_000,
+    source: {
+      getFeed: async (query) => {
+        if (query.at && quota)
+          throw keyError('worldnewsapi', { keyQuota: true });
+        return {
+          reports: [report('inside', { relevance: 'minor' })],
+          nextBefore: null,
+        };
+      },
+      getAreaOutline: async () => ukraine,
+    },
+  });
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  await flush();
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { section: 'local' } });
+  await flush();
+  let view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.deepEqual(view.inView.key, {
+    title: 'World News API limit reached for today',
+    hint: 'News resumes tomorrow, or with a paid plan',
+  });
+  assert.equal(view.inView.error, null, 'a spent allowance is no failure');
+  quota = false;
+  await layer.update();
+  await flush();
+  view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.equal(view.inView.key, null);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    view.inView.items.map((item) => item.id),
+    ['inside'],
+  );
+});
+
+test('a Conflicts feed read that passes clears its key notice', async (t) => {
+  let refuse = true;
+  const { layer } = fixture(t, {
+    source: {
+      getFeed: async (query) => {
+        // The panel's feed page, not the map's read.
+        if (query.limit === 60 && refuse) throw keyError('liveuamap');
+        return {
+          reports: [report('major', { severity: 3 })],
+          nextBefore: null,
+        };
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.key.title, 'Liveuamap key required');
+  refuse = false;
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { category: 'strike' } });
+  await settle();
+  const view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.equal(view.key, null);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    view.items.map((item) => item.id),
+    ['major'],
+  );
+});
+
+test('the key providers the layer names match the key registry', () => {
+  for (const [id, { envVar }] of Object.entries(NEWS_KEY_PROVIDERS)) {
+    const entry = KEY_SETUP_KEYS.find((key) => key.id === id);
+    assert.ok(entry, `${id} is in the key registry`);
+    assert.deepEqual([...entry.envVars], [envVar]);
+  }
+});
+
+test('a slower area read for where the camera was never lands over the area it came back to', async (t) => {
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
+  let centre = { lat: 49, lon: 36 };
+  const pending = [];
+  const { layer, camera } = fixture(t, {
+    height: 1_000_000,
+    centre: () => centre,
+    source: {
+      getAreaOutline: (point) =>
+        point.lat > 45
+          ? Promise.resolve(ukraine)
+          : new Promise((resolve) => pending.push(resolve)),
+    },
+  });
+  const look = async (at) => {
+    centre = at;
+    camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
+    t.mock.timers.tick(800);
+    await flush();
+  };
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  await flush();
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { section: 'local' } });
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.area, 'Ukraine');
+  // Out to sea, where the area read is slow, and back before it answers.
+  await look({ lat: 43, lon: 34 });
+  assert.equal(pending.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.areaLoading, true);
+  await look({ lat: 49.6, lon: 36.2 });
+  pending[0](noArea);
+  await flush();
+  const view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.equal(view.inView.area, 'Ukraine');
+  assert.equal(view.inView.areaLoading, false);
+  assert.equal(view.inView.loading, false);
+});
+
+test('leaving Local while its area is read sends no Local read', async (t) => {
+  let answer = null;
+  const localReads = [];
+  // The camera stays put: only the section changes.
+  const here = { lat: 49, lon: 36 };
+  const { layer } = fixture(t, {
+    height: 1_000_000,
+    centre: () => here,
+    source: {
+      getFeed: async (query) => {
+        if (query.relevance === '') localReads.push(query);
+        return { reports: [], nextBefore: null };
+      },
+      getAreaOutline: () =>
+        new Promise((resolve) => {
+          answer = resolve;
+        }),
+    },
+  });
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  await flush();
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { section: 'local' } });
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.loading, true);
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { section: 'conflicts' } });
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.loading, false);
+  answer(ukraine);
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(localReads.length, 0);
+  assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.loading, false);
+});
+
+test('a server without the area route keeps Local to the radius and is asked once', async (t) => {
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
+  let centre = { lat: 49, lon: 36 };
+  let areaReads = 0;
+  const localReads = [];
+  const { layer, camera } = fixture(t, {
+    height: 1_000_000,
+    centre: () => centre,
+    source: {
+      getFeed: async (query) => {
+        if (query.relevance === '') localReads.push(query);
+        return { reports: [report('near')], nextBefore: null };
+      },
+      getAreaOutline: async () => {
+        areaReads++;
+        throw Object.assign(
+          new Error('News feed not configured on this server'),
+          { status: 404, code: 'unavailable', unavailable: true },
+        );
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  await flush();
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { section: 'local' } });
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(areaReads, 1);
+  assert.equal(localReads.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(localReads[0].at, undefined);
+  let view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.equal(view.inView.area, null);
+  assert.equal(view.inView.areaLoading, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    view.inView.items.map((item) => item.id),
+    ['near'],
+  );
+  // The settles that follow do not ask for an area again.
+  centre = { lat: 47, lon: 31 };
+  camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
+  t.mock.timers.tick(800);
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(areaReads, 1);
+  // Turning the layer off and on asks again.
+  layer.disable();
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(areaReads, 2);
+  view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.equal(view.inView.error, null);
+});
+
+test('Liveuamap and Natural Earth are credited once what they credit shows', async (t) => {
+  const credits = [];
+  const { layer } = fixture(t, {
+    height: 1_000_000,
+    credits,
+    source: {
+      getFeed: async (query) => ({
+        reports:
+          query.relevance === ''
+            ? [report('near', { kind: 'rss' })]
+            : [report('mapped', { kind: 'liveuamap', severity: 3 })],
+        nextBefore: null,
+      }),
+      getAreaOutline: async () => ukraine,
+    },
+  });
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  await flush();
+  layer.getRowControls();
+  assert.deepEqual(credits, ['liveuamap']);
+  // The Local area's outline (the built-in server's are Natural Earth's).
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { section: 'local' } });
+  await flush();
+  assert.deepEqual(credits, ['liveuamap', 'natural-earth']);
+  // Shown again: registered once.
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { section: 'conflicts' } });
+  await layer.update();
+  await flush();
+  layer.getRowControls();
+  assert.deepEqual(credits, ['liveuamap', 'natural-earth']);
+});
+
+test('without Liveuamap reports or a Local area, nothing is credited', async (t) => {
+  const credits = [];
+  const { layer } = fixture(t, { height: 1_000_000, credits });
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  await flush();
+  layer.getRowControls();
+  assert.deepEqual(credits, []);
+});
+
 test('a failed read keeps the layer on with an error; disable clears the overlay', async (t) => {
   const { layer, entries } = fixture(t, {
     source: { getFeed: async () => Promise.reject(new Error('boom')) },
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.js b/src/layers/news/model.js
index 686040e1b..22eb2a1f3 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.js
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ export const NEWS_FEED_MAX = 600;
 export const NEWS_DETAIL_MAX_HEIGHT_M = 2_500_000;
 // "In view": reports near the view centre, only once the camera is low enough
 // for "here" to mean a region, read again when it settles in a new cell.
+// Near is inside the area the server names there (a country, a large
+// country's state, a disputed area), else, at sea, within the radius.
 export const NEWS_IN_VIEW_MAX_HEIGHT_M = 3_000_000;
 export const NEWS_IN_VIEW_RADIUS_KM = 500;
 export const NEWS_IN_VIEW_LIMIT = 12;
@@ -63,12 +65,7 @@ export const NEWS_RELEVANT = 'core,related';
 
 const SOURCE_LABEL = msg('Source');
 const DISPUTED = msg('Disputed: {name}');
-const DISPUTE_TEXT = {
-  held: msg('Administered by {holder} · claimed by {claimant}'),
-  self: msg('Self-administered · claimed by {claimant}'),
-  un: msg('UN-patrolled zone'),
-  unclaimed: msg('Claimed by neither neighbour'),
-};
+const VIA = msg('via {source}');
 const MEDIA_LABELS = { video: msg('Video'), photo: msg('Photos') };
 const CLAIMED_BY = msg('Claimed by {who}');
 const CLAIMED = msg('Claimed');
@@ -102,6 +99,8 @@ export const NEWS_HOTSPOT_LABELS = Object.freeze({
   'sudan-war': msg('Sudan'),
   sahel: msg('Sahel'),
   elsewhere: msg('Elsewhere'),
+  // Core's own news (no news server): the world is one hotspot.
+  worldwide: msg('Worldwide'),
 });
 
 /** A hotspot's chip label in the interface language. */
@@ -124,17 +123,25 @@ export function countryName(code) {
   }
 }
 
-/** Label for a disputed area: its name, who administers it, who claims it. */
-export function disputedLabel(area) {
-  return {
-    title: t(DISPUTED, { name: area.name }),
-    detail: t(DISPUTE_TEXT[area.kind] || DISPUTE_TEXT.held, {
-      holder: countryName(area.heldBy),
-      claimant: countryName(area.claimedBy),
-    }),
-  };
+const AREA_IN_COUNTRY = msg('{region}, {country}');
+
+/**
+ * The Local section's area in the interface language: a country by its code,
+ * a state with its country, a disputed area by its own name only.
+ */
+export function areaLabel(area) {
+  if (!area) return '';
+  if (area.kind === 'disputed' || !area.country) return area.name;
+  if (area.kind === 'country') return countryName(area.country);
+  return t(AREA_IN_COUNTRY, {
+    region: area.name,
+    country: countryName(area.country),
+  });
 }
 
+/** Label for a disputed area on the map: its name, marked as disputed. */
+export const disputedLabel = (area) => t(DISPUTED, { name: area.name });
+
 // A category is told by its icon (a 16-unit SVG path, filled or stroked). On
 // the map and in the feed colour is severity (NEWS_SEVERITY), never the type
 // of event or a side.
@@ -184,6 +191,11 @@ export const NEWS_CATEGORIES = Object.freeze({
     label: msg('Political'),
     icon: 'M2 14 H14 M2.5 5.5 H13.5 M8 1.8 L14 4.8 H2 Z M4.2 6.5 V12 M8 6.5 V12 M11.8 6.5 V12',
   },
+  // Business, trade and industry: a national feed's news in Local.
+  economy: {
+    label: msg('Economy'),
+    icon: 'M2 13.5 H14 M2.5 11 L6 7.5 L8.5 9.5 L13.5 4.5 M10.5 4.5 H13.5 V7.5',
+  },
   other: {
     label: msg('Other'),
     icon: 'M8 4.5 A3.5 3.5 0 1 0 8.01 4.5 Z',
@@ -507,6 +519,14 @@ export function sourceLinkLabel(url) {
   return `${t(SOURCE_LABEL)}: ${host} ↗`;
 }
 
+/**
+ * "via GDELT Project": the service a report was read through, which asks to
+ * be credited where its reports show; '' when the server names none.
+ */
+export function attributionLabel(report) {
+  return report?.attribution ? t(VIA, { source: report.attribution }) : '';
+}
+
 /** The places a report is pinned at, joined, or null. */
 function placeLine(report) {
   return (
@@ -519,8 +539,8 @@ function placeLine(report) {
 
 /**
  * One event card in the News panel: picture,
- * headline, a mono meta line (severity, category, place, sources, age), the
- * sides line, then attestation and media chips. Labels and colours are
+ * headline, a mono meta line (severity, category, place, sources, age, the
+ * service it came through), the sides line, then attestation and media chips. Labels and colours are
  * resolved here so the panel imports no layer code.
  */
 export function feedCardView(report, now = Date.now()) {
@@ -548,6 +568,7 @@ export function feedCardView(report, now = Date.now()) {
     sources: tn(size, '{count} source', '{count} sources'),
     age: ageWords(report.event?.lastAt || report.publishedAt, now),
     publisher: report.publisher,
+    via: attributionLabel(report),
     sides: sidesLine(report, now),
     sourceLink: sourceLinkLabel(report.url),
     picture: eventPicture(report),
@@ -718,9 +739,32 @@ export function distanceKm(a, b) {
   return 2 * 6371 * Math.asin(Math.min(1, Math.sqrt(s)));
 }
 
+function inRing(ring, { lat, lon }) {
+  let inside = false;
+  for (let i = 0, j = ring.length - 1; i < ring.length; j = i++) {
+    const [xi, yi] = ring[i];
+    const [xj, yj] = ring[j];
+    if (
+      yi > lat !== yj > lat &&
+      lon < ((xj - xi) * (lat - yi)) / (yj - yi) + xi
+    )
+      inside = !inside;
+  }
+  return inside;
+}
+
+/** Whether a point lies in an outline's polygons (`{outer, holes}`). */
+export function inPolygons(polygons, point) {
+  return polygons.some(
+    ({ outer, holes }) =>
+      inRing(outer, point) && !holes.some((hole) => inRing(hole, point)),
+  );
+}
+
 /**
- * The reports near `centre` (any pin within NEWS_IN_VIEW_RADIUS_KM) that pass
- * the filters, most severe and newest first.
+ * The reports near `centre` that pass the filters, most severe and newest
+ * first: any pin inside `area` (outline polygons), or without one within
+ * NEWS_IN_VIEW_RADIUS_KM.
  */
 export function reportsInView(
   reports,
@@ -729,16 +773,18 @@ export function reportsInView(
   now = Date.now(),
   limit = NEWS_IN_VIEW_LIMIT,
   windowMs = NEWS_WINDOW_MS,
+  area = null,
 ) {
   if (!centre) return [];
+  const near = area?.length
+    ? (pin) => inPolygons(area, pin)
+    : (pin) => distanceKm(pin, centre) <= NEWS_IN_VIEW_RADIUS_KM;
   return reports
     .filter(
       (r) =>
         passesFilters(r, filters, now, windowMs) &&
         (filters.category === 'all' || r.category === filters.category) &&
-        r.pins?.some(
-          (pin) => distanceKm(pin, centre) <= NEWS_IN_VIEW_RADIUS_KM,
-        ),
+        r.pins?.some(near),
     )
     .sort(
       (a, b) =>
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
index ed439ebe5..ee8bb781e 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
 import {
   NEWS_IN_VIEW_RADIUS_KM,
   ageWords,
+  areaLabel,
   beaconPixelSize,
   cardEvents,
   cardView,
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ import {
   feedQueryFor,
   hotspotLabel,
   hotspotTrend,
+  inPolygons,
   isPressing,
   markerStyle,
   mergeFeedPage,
@@ -218,7 +220,61 @@ test('outlines keep valid rings, borders and named disputed areas', () => {
     polygons: [],
     borders: [],
     disputed: [],
+    area: null,
   });
+  // Indonesia's 208 islands are all kept.
+  const islands = Array.from({ length: 208 }, () => ({ outer: ring }));
+  assert.equal(
+    normalizeOutlinePayload({ polygons: islands }).polygons.length,
+    208,
+  );
+});
+
+test('a point outline names its area, and Local keeps to it', () => {
+  const box = [
+    [35, 48],
+    [37, 48],
+    [37, 50.5],
+    [35, 50.5],
+  ];
+  const { area, polygons } = normalizeOutlinePayload({
+    area: { key: 'US-TX', name: 'Texas', kind: 'region', country: 'US' },
+    polygons: [{ outer: box, holes: [] }],
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(area, {
+    key: 'US-TX',
+    name: 'Texas',
+    kind: 'region',
+    country: 'US',
+  });
+  assert.equal(areaLabel(area), 'Texas, United States');
+  assert.equal(
+    areaLabel({ ...area, kind: 'country', country: 'UA' }),
+    'Ukraine',
+  );
+  // A disputed area is named as itself, never as either side's.
+  assert.equal(
+    areaLabel({ key: 'disputed:Crimea', name: 'Crimea', kind: 'disputed' }),
+    'Crimea',
+  );
+  assert.equal(normalizeOutlinePayload({ area: { key: 'X' } }).area, null);
+  const at = (id, lat, lon) =>
+    report(id, '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z', {
+      pins: [{ lat, lon, mappable: true }],
+    });
+  const reports = [at('inside', 50, 36), at('beyond', 49, 39)];
+  const filters = normalizeFilters({ minSeverity: 0 });
+  const centre = { lat: 49, lon: 36 };
+  const now = Date.parse('2026-10-28T10:00:00Z');
+  const ids = (area) =>
+    reportsInView(reports, centre, filters, now, 10, undefined, area).map(
+      (r) => r.id,
+    );
+  // Within 500 km both; inside the area only the one.
+  assert.deepEqual(ids(null), ['inside', 'beyond']);
+  assert.deepEqual(ids(polygons), ['inside']);
+  assert.ok(inPolygons(polygons, { lat: 49, lon: 36 }));
+  assert.ok(!inPolygons([{ outer: box, holes: [box] }], { lat: 49, lon: 36 }));
 });
 
 test('feed pages merge newest first without duplicates', () => {
@@ -427,6 +483,10 @@ test('beacons carry a focus, a size by activity and a trend only against a prior
     hotspotLabel({ id: 'x', name: 'X', catchAll: true }),
     'Elsewhere',
   );
+  assert.equal(
+    hotspotLabel({ id: 'worldwide', name: 'Worldwide', catchAll: true }),
+    'Worldwide',
+  );
 });
 
 test('marker style: severity fill, attestation rim, size by sources, fading with age', () => {
@@ -476,7 +536,7 @@ test('picture cards: physical, two or more sources, major or pressing, at most t
   assert.equal(cardView(lone, NOW).image, null);
 });
 
-test('feed cards read like Breaking: headline, meta parts, sides and chips', () => {
+test('feed cards: headline, meta parts, sides and chips', () => {
   const r = report('fc', '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z', {
     title: 'Удар по Харкову',
     titleEn: 'Strike on Kharkiv',
diff --git a/src/layers/news/records.js b/src/layers/news/records.js
index 557216f22..bf4bd5749 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/records.js
@@ -291,14 +291,17 @@ function normalizeRing(ring) {
 }
 
 /**
- * `/api/news/outline` → `{polygons, borders, disputed}`: the dissolved extent
- * (`{outer, holes}`), the national borders inside it (rings) and its disputed
- * areas, invalid parts dropped.
+ * `/api/news/outline` → `{polygons, borders, disputed, area}`: the dissolved
+ * extent (`{outer, holes}`), the national borders inside it (rings), its
+ * disputed areas and, answering a point, the area named there (else null),
+ * invalid parts dropped.
  */
 export function normalizeOutlinePayload(payload) {
   const polygons = [];
+  // Above every country's island count (Indonesia's is 208): an outline cut
+  // short leaves islands outside the area, read again on each settle there.
   for (const raw of Array.isArray(payload?.polygons)
-    ? payload.polygons.slice(0, 200)
+    ? payload.polygons.slice(0, 300)
     : []) {
     const outer = normalizeRing(raw?.outer);
     if (!outer) continue;
@@ -332,7 +335,23 @@ export function normalizeOutlinePayload(payload) {
       rings,
     });
   }
-  return { polygons, borders, disputed };
+  return { polygons, borders, disputed, area: outlineArea(payload?.area) };
+}
+
+const AREA_KINDS = ['country', 'region', 'disputed'];
+function outlineArea(raw) {
+  const key = text(raw?.key, 80);
+  const name = text(raw?.name, 80);
+  if (!key || !name) return null;
+  return {
+    key,
+    name,
+    kind: AREA_KINDS.includes(raw.kind) ? raw.kind : 'country',
+    country:
+      typeof raw.country === 'string' && /^[A-Z]{2}$/.test(raw.country)
+        ? raw.country
+        : null,
+  };
 }
 
 /** `/api/news/feed` → `{reports, nextBefore}`, or null without a report list. */
diff --git a/src/layers/news/source.js b/src/layers/news/source.js
index b08941510..26c9f3492 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/source.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/source.js
@@ -29,10 +29,15 @@ const FEED_KEYS = Object.freeze([
   'limit',
   'category',
   'relevance',
+  'at',
 ]);
 const FLAG_KEYS = Object.freeze(['geo', 'today', 'events']);
 const ISO = /^\d{4}-\d\d-\d\dT\d\d:\d\d:\d\d(?:\.\d{1,3})?Z$/;
 const LIST = /^[a-z][a-z,-]{0,127}$/;
+// A point to two decimals (~1 km), as areaPoint writes it.
+const AT = /^-?\d{1,2}(?:\.\d{1,2})?,-?\d{1,3}(?:\.\d{1,2})?$/;
+// A coordinate to two decimals, without trailing zeros ("50.4", "-97.74").
+const areaPoint = (value) => String(Math.round(value * 100) / 100);
 const FEED_VALUE = {
   hotspot: (v) => /^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9_-]{0,63}$/i.test(v),
   before: (v) => ISO.test(v),
@@ -40,13 +45,20 @@ const FEED_VALUE = {
   limit: (v) => /^\d{1,3}$/.test(v) && Number(v) >= 1 && Number(v) <= 500,
   category: (v) => LIST.test(v),
   relevance: (v) => LIST.test(v),
+  at: (v) => AT.test(v),
 };
 
-/** Feed query string from a plain object; unknown keys and empty values are dropped. */
+/**
+ * Feed query string from a plain object; unknown keys and empty values are
+ * dropped. `at` is a point (`{lat, lon}`), the Local section's area there.
+ */
 export function newsFeedQuery(query = {}) {
   const params = new URLSearchParams();
   for (const key of FEED_KEYS) {
-    const value = query[key];
+    const value =
+      key === 'at' && query.at
+        ? `${areaPoint(query.at.lat)},${areaPoint(query.at.lon)}`
+        : query[key];
     if (value !== undefined && value !== null && value !== '')
       params.set(key, String(value));
   }
@@ -81,7 +93,8 @@ export function newsQueryAllowed(url) {
       value.get('v') === OUTLINE_VERSION &&
       ((keys[0] === 'hotspot' && FEED_VALUE.hotspot(value.get('hotspot'))) ||
         (keys[0] === 'country' &&
-          /^[A-Z]{2}(?:-[A-Z0-9]{1,3})?$/.test(value.get('country'))))
+          /^[A-Z]{2}(?:-[A-Z0-9]{1,3})?$/.test(value.get('country'))) ||
+        (keys[0] === 'at' && AT.test(value.get('at'))))
     );
   }
   if (url.pathname !== `${BASE_PATH}/feed`) return false;
@@ -92,7 +105,12 @@ export function newsQueryAllowed(url) {
   );
 }
 
-/** A failed read: a server without the news routes is a permanent miss. */
+/**
+ * A failed read: a server without the news routes is a permanent miss; one
+ * that reads a section from a key it lacks (503 `no_key`, `key_rejected` or,
+ * its allowance for the day spent, `key_quota`, naming the key registry's id)
+ * says which, and is asked again later.
+ */
 async function responseError(response) {
   let body = null;
   try {
@@ -100,6 +118,22 @@ async function responseError(response) {
   } catch {
     await response.body?.cancel?.().catch?.(() => {});
   }
+  if (
+    response.status === 503 &&
+    ['no_key', 'key_rejected', 'key_quota'].includes(body?.error) &&
+    typeof body.key === 'string' &&
+    /^[a-z][a-z0-9-]{0,31}$/.test(body.key)
+  )
+    return Object.assign(new Error(msg('News key required')), {
+      status: 503,
+      code: body.error,
+      keyRequired: true,
+      keyRejected: body.error === 'key_rejected',
+      keyQuota: body.error === 'key_quota',
+      keyId: body.key,
+      unavailable: false,
+      retryable: true,
+    });
   const unavailable =
     response.status === 404 ||
     (response.status === 503 && isUnavailableCapability(body));
@@ -162,6 +196,15 @@ export function createNewsSource({
         ),
       );
     },
+    // The area the Local section reads at a point, with its outline.
+    async getAreaOutline({ lat, lon }, { signal } = {}) {
+      return normalizeOutlinePayload(
+        await get(
+          `/outline?at=${areaPoint(lat)},${areaPoint(lon)}&v=${OUTLINE_VERSION}`,
+          { signal },
+        ),
+      );
+    },
     async getFeed(query = {}, { signal } = {}) {
       const payload = normalizeFeedPayload(
         await get(`/feed?${newsFeedQuery(query)}`, { signal }),
diff --git a/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
index d421e5725..774d7eb3a 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ test('reads validated hotspots, feed and outlines from the same-origin routes',
   assert.deepEqual((await source.getOutline('ua')).polygons, []);
   await source.getCountryOutline('SD');
   await source.getHotspots({ hours: 6 });
+  await source.getAreaOutline({ lat: 30.26666, lon: -97.7 });
+  await source.getFeed({ hotspot: 'all', at: { lat: 30.26666, lon: -97.7 } });
   assert.deepEqual(
     calls.map((c) => c.url),
     [
@@ -62,6 +64,8 @@ test('reads validated hotspots, feed and outlines from the same-origin routes',
       '/api/news/outline?hotspot=ua&v=4',
       '/api/news/outline?country=SD&v=4',
       '/api/news/hotspots?hours=6',
+      '/api/news/outline?at=30.27,-97.7&v=4',
+      '/api/news/feed?hotspot=all&at=30.27%2C-97.7',
     ],
   );
   for (const { url, init } of calls) {
@@ -112,6 +116,50 @@ test('malformed, failed and unconfigured reads reject; a server without news is
   await assert.rejects(broken.getHotspots(), SyntaxError);
 });
 
+test('a section read from a key the server lacks names the key and is asked again', async () => {
+  const answer = (body) =>
+    createNewsSource({
+      fetchImpl: async () =>
+        new Response(JSON.stringify(body), {
+          status: 503,
+          headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+        }),
+    });
+  await assert.rejects(
+    answer({ error: 'no_key', key: 'liveuamap' }).getHotspots(),
+    (error) => {
+      assert.equal(error.keyRequired, true);
+      assert.equal(error.keyRejected, false);
+      assert.equal(error.keyId, 'liveuamap');
+      assert.equal(error.unavailable, false);
+      assert.equal(error.retryable, true);
+      return true;
+    },
+  );
+  await assert.rejects(
+    answer({ error: 'key_rejected', key: 'worldnewsapi' }).getFeed({
+      at: { lat: 51.13, lon: 71.43 },
+    }),
+    { keyRequired: true, keyRejected: true, keyId: 'worldnewsapi' },
+  );
+  // The day's allowance spent: still the key's matter, back tomorrow.
+  await assert.rejects(
+    answer({ error: 'key_quota', key: 'worldnewsapi' }).getFeed(),
+    {
+      keyRequired: true,
+      keyRejected: false,
+      keyQuota: true,
+      keyId: 'worldnewsapi',
+      unavailable: false,
+    },
+  );
+  // A key name not in the registry's form is an ordinary failure.
+  await assert.rejects(
+    answer({ error: 'no_key', key: '<script>' }).getHotspots(),
+    (error) => error.keyRequired === undefined && error.code === 'http',
+  );
+});
+
 test('reads time out and follow the caller signal', async () => {
   // AbortSignal.timeout does not hold the event loop open: the hanging fetch
   // does, until its signal aborts, so the run cannot end before it.
@@ -174,6 +222,10 @@ test('the host allowlist admits the client routes and refuses anything else', ()
     '/api/news/outline?hotspot=ua',
     '/api/news/outline?hotspot=ua&v=2',
     '/api/news/outline?country=ukraine&v=4',
+    '/api/news/outline?at=30.267,-97.7&v=4',
+    '/api/news/outline?at=30.27&v=4',
+    '/api/news/outline?at=30.27,-97.7&country=US&v=4',
+    '/api/news/feed?at=30.267,-97.7',
   ])
     assert.equal(allowed(path), false, path);
 });
diff --git a/src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue b/src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue
index 1e424f787..50543bf97 100644
--- a/src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue
+++ b/src/ui/news/NewsCard.vue
@@ -5,12 +5,14 @@ import UiButton from '../kit/UiButton.vue';
 
 // One event in the News panel: the publisher's
 // picture when the event has one, the headline, a mono meta line (severity
-// marker, category, place, sources, age), who reported it, and its
-// attestation and media chips. A click chooses it (the layer flies there and
-// opens its card on the globe); open, it plays the post's clip when it has
-// one (on request, with sound and controls), and shows the summary, the other
-// sides' reports and the link to the original article. The layer computes every
-// value shown (feedCardView in src/layers/news/model.js).
+// marker, category, place, sources, age), who reported it, its attestation
+// and media chips, and the service it came through ("via …"), which some ask
+// to be credited wherever their reports show. A click chooses it (the layer
+// flies there and opens its card on the globe); open, it plays the post's
+// clip when it has one (on request, with sound and controls), and shows the
+// summary, the other sides' reports and the link to the original article.
+// The layer computes every value shown (feedCardView in
+// src/layers/news/model.js).
 const props = defineProps({
   item: { type: Object, required: true },
   open: { type: Boolean, default: false },
@@ -108,6 +110,7 @@ const meta = () =>
           >{{ chip.label }}</span
         ></span
       >
+      <span v-if="item.via" class="news-card__via ui-mono">{{ item.via }}</span>
     </button>
     <div v-if="open" class="news-card__open">
       <video
diff --git a/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue b/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue
index 86e616ddc..47e55c10f 100644
--- a/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue
+++ b/src/ui/news/NewsFeed.vue
@@ -11,9 +11,13 @@ import NewsCard from './NewsCard.vue';
 // fewer where the host serves less), or a shorter one chosen at the
 // top (24/12/6/3/1 h), and two sections. Conflicts: hotspot chips, the
 // severity floor, the chosen event and a continuous feed, newest first.
-// Local: every report near the view centre while the camera is low, which the
-// map then shows instead of the hotspots' news. It renders the `feed` view the news
-// layer publishes and acts only through `onParams`.
+// Local: every report in the area at the view centre (its country, a large
+// country's state; within a radius at sea) while the camera is low, named at
+// the top, which the map then shows, outlined, instead of the hotspots' news.
+// A section read from a key the server lacks (or whose allowance for the day
+// is spent) says which key instead. It
+// renders the `feed` view the news layer publishes and acts only through
+// `onParams`.
 const props = defineProps({
   view: { type: Object, default: null },
   onParams: { type: Function, default: () => {} },
@@ -75,6 +79,15 @@ const selectedApart = computed(() => {
     : props.view.items.some((item) => item.id === chosen.id);
   return listed ? null : chosen;
 });
+// What Local reads: the area named, else the radius; neither while the
+// first area is being named, so the radius does not flash before it.
+const areaHead = computed(() => {
+  const inView = props.view?.inView;
+  if (!inView?.active) return '';
+  if (inView.area) return t('News from {area}', { area: inView.area });
+  if (inView.areaLoading) return '';
+  return t('Within {km} km of the view centre', { km: inView.radiusKm });
+});
 const status = computed(() => {
   const view = props.view;
   if (!view) return '';
@@ -162,11 +175,20 @@ const clear = () => props.onParams({ clear: true });
       class="news-readout__section"
       :aria-label="t('Local')"
     >
+      <p v-if="areaHead" class="news-readout__head news-readout__area ui-mono">
+        {{ areaHead }}
+      </p>
       <UiEmpty
         v-if="!view.inView.active"
         class="news-readout__empty"
         :title="t('Zoom in to see local news')"
       />
+      <UiEmpty
+        v-else-if="view.inView.key"
+        class="news-readout__empty"
+        :title="view.inView.key.title"
+        :hint="view.inView.key.hint"
+      />
       <p v-else-if="view.inView.error" class="news-readout__status">
         {{ view.inView.error }}
       </p>
@@ -202,8 +224,14 @@ const clear = () => props.onParams({ clear: true });
       :aria-label="t('Latest news')"
     >
       <h3 class="news-readout__head ui-mono">{{ t('Latest') }}</h3>
+      <UiEmpty
+        v-if="view.key"
+        class="news-readout__empty"
+        :title="view.key.title"
+        :hint="view.key.hint"
+      />
       <ol
-        v-if="view.items.length"
+        v-else-if="view.items.length"
         class="news-readout__list news-readout__feed"
       >
         <li v-for="item in view.items" :key="item.id">
diff --git a/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs b/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
index a3dd2196f..1bf4ee7b7 100644
--- a/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/newsPanel.test.mjs
@@ -250,6 +250,80 @@ test('filters, the Local section and empty or failed reads', () => {
   news.destroy();
 });
 
+test('each section says which key it lacks; Local names the area it reads', () => {
+  const { news, panel } = fixture();
+  const key = {
+    title: 'Liveuamap key required',
+    hint: 'Needs LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY — add it in Provider Settings',
+  };
+  news.update(view({ key, items: [], hasMore: false }));
+  const latest = panel.querySelector('[aria-label="Latest news"]');
+  assert.match(latest.textContent, /Liveuamap key required/);
+  assert.match(latest.textContent, /Needs LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(latest.textContent, /No news matches/);
+
+  const localView = (inView) =>
+    view({
+      filters: normalizeFilters({ section: 'local' }),
+      inView: {
+        active: true,
+        loading: false,
+        error: null,
+        items: [],
+        radiusKm: 500,
+        ...inView,
+      },
+    });
+  const section = () => panel.querySelector('[aria-label="Local"]');
+  const heading = () => section().querySelector('.news-readout__area');
+  news.update(
+    localView({
+      key: {
+        title: 'World News API limit reached for today',
+        hint: 'News resumes tomorrow, or with a paid plan',
+      },
+    }),
+  );
+  assert.match(section().textContent, /World News API limit reached for today/);
+  assert.match(section().textContent, /News resumes tomorrow/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(section().textContent, /Nothing reported near here/);
+
+  // The area named, else the radius at sea.
+  news.update(localView({ area: 'Ukraine' }));
+  assert.equal(heading().textContent.trim(), 'News from Ukraine');
+  news.update(localView({ area: null }));
+  assert.equal(
+    heading().textContent.trim(),
+    'Within 500 km of the view centre',
+  );
+  // While the first area is named, neither: the radius does not flash.
+  news.update(localView({ area: null, areaLoading: true, loading: true }));
+  assert.equal(heading(), null);
+  // A new area on the way keeps the one shown.
+  news.update(localView({ area: 'Ukraine', areaLoading: true, loading: true }));
+  assert.equal(heading().textContent.trim(), 'News from Ukraine');
+  news.destroy();
+});
+
+test('a card credits the service its report came through', () => {
+  const { news, panel } = fixture();
+  news.update(
+    view({
+      items: [
+        feedCardView(report('gdelt', { attribution: 'GDELT Project' }), NOW),
+        feedCardView(report('own'), NOW),
+      ],
+    }),
+  );
+  const [credited, own] = panel.querySelectorAll('.news-card');
+  assert.equal(
+    credited.querySelector('.news-card__via').textContent,
+    'via GDELT Project',
+  );
+  assert.equal(own.querySelector('.news-card__via'), null);
+  news.destroy();
+});
+
 test('scrolling to the end asks once per page, again after a filter change or a failed read', () => {
   const { news, calls } = fixture();
   const body = document.getElementById('news-panel-body');
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/news.css b/src/ui/styles/news.css
index d25fe2a03..fbaf420cf 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/news.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/news.css
@@ -116,6 +116,10 @@
   letter-spacing: 0.12em;
   text-transform: uppercase;
 }
+/* What Local reads, in the primary colour so it reads before the list. */
+.news-readout__area {
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+}
 .news-readout__sections,
 .news-readout__chips {
   display: flex;
@@ -169,6 +173,11 @@
   color: var(--text-dim);
   font: 10px var(--font-mono);
 }
+/* A missing key's next step, under what it holds back. */
+.news-readout__empty .ui-empty__hint {
+  display: block;
+  margin-top: 2px;
+}
 .news-readout__footer {
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;
@@ -306,6 +315,11 @@
   fill: var(--news-color);
   stroke: none;
 }
+/* The service a report came through: credited, and kept quiet. */
+.news-card__via {
+  color: var(--text-dim);
+  font: 9px var(--font-mono);
+}
 .news-card__severity {
   flex: none;
   color: var(--news-color);

From 34c75ff5de39b486f21a8d8801bf674f8caac012 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 19:45:18 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 050/181] Serve the News layer without a news server: GDELT,
 Liveuamap and World News API

With GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN unset, Core answers the News layer's routes itself.

Conflicts need no key: the last 24 h of GDELT 2.0 event exports, physical
violence only (CAMEO 18-20), one report per story (copies of one agency
story merged), placed where GDELT put it, a town the article's own words
name winning over a bare country, and titled by the article's page title
from the GKG export of the same quarter hour (the newest 3 h), else by its
address words. GDELT's actor coding is never shown. Exports are read up to
the newest GDELT lists; one that cannot be read is given up on without
holding the rest back, and an outage of two hours answers 502 rather than
an empty feed. With LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY, Liveuamap's mapped items join them.

Local reads World News API by the source country at the view centre
(WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY, at most WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS a day), with the
Conflicts reports placed inside the area. Disputed areas (11 from Natural
Earth, bundled) and territories without a country code are named as
themselves and read from no country's outlets; a country's outline leaves
them out.

Categories, relevance and severity come from shared rules; keyed answers
are cached and served while they refresh, and no key or address is logged.
---
 scripts/package-boundaries.json               |  10 +
 server/providers/news.js                      |  65 +-
 server/providers/news.test.mjs                |  83 +-
 server/providers/news/areas.js                | 216 ++++
 server/providers/news/categorize.js           | 873 ++++++++++++++++
 server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.js          | 543 ++++++++++
 server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.test.mjs    | 406 +++++++
 server/providers/news/gdeltFixtures.mjs       |  72 ++
 server/providers/news/keyed.js                | 851 +++++++++++++++
 server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs          | 988 ++++++++++++++++++
 server/providers/news/upstream.js             | 274 +++++
 src/data/local_data/natural_earth/README.md   |  49 +-
 .../natural_earth/disputed_areas.json         |   1 +
 13 files changed, 4399 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 server/providers/news/areas.js
 create mode 100644 server/providers/news/categorize.js
 create mode 100644 server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.js
 create mode 100644 server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 server/providers/news/gdeltFixtures.mjs
 create mode 100644 server/providers/news/keyed.js
 create mode 100644 server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 server/providers/news/upstream.js
 create mode 100644 src/data/local_data/natural_earth/disputed_areas.json

diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index ca8491892..a9fe65232 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -496,7 +496,17 @@
     "exports": ["./server/providers/news"],
     "modules": [
       "server/providers/news.js",
+      "server/providers/news/keyed.js",
+      "server/providers/news/categorize.js",
+      "server/providers/news/areas.js",
+      "server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.js",
+      "server/providers/news/upstream.js",
       "server/providers/common/http.js",
+      "src/data/adminBoundaries.js",
+      "src/data/bundledJson.js",
+      "src/data/retryableLoad.js",
+      "src/data/local_data/natural_earth/countries.json",
+      "src/data/local_data/natural_earth/disputed_areas.json",
       "src/layers/news/source.js",
       "src/layers/news/records.js",
       "src/sources/httpBody.js",
diff --git a/server/providers/news.js b/server/providers/news.js
index 5d10ab2b1..0ad78665a 100644
--- a/server/providers/news.js
+++ b/server/providers/news.js
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 import { newsQueryAllowed } from '../../src/layers/news/source.js';
 import { readResponseTextCapped } from './common/http.js';
+import { createKeyedNews } from './news/keyed.js';
 
-// News (/api/news/*): Core serves no news of its own. With GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN
-// set (a news server such as https://news.example), this forwards exactly
-// the GET requests the news layer sends there and relays the JSON; without
-// it, every route answers "not configured" and the layer shows itself
-// unavailable without retrying.
+// News (/api/news/*). With GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN set (a news server such as
+// https://news.example), this forwards exactly the GET requests the news
+// layer sends there and relays the JSON. Without it (or with a value that
+// is no plain origin, warned of once), Core answers the same routes itself
+// (news/keyed.js): Conflicts from GDELT's event exports with no key, and
+// Liveuamap's items beside them with LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY; Local from World
+// News API, "key required" while WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY is unset.
 
 const TIMEOUT_MS = 15_000;
 const MAX_BYTES = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
@@ -34,14 +37,42 @@ export function newsOrigin(raw = process.env.GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN) {
   }
 }
 
+/** Text for the log: no address (a key may ride in one), one short line. */
+const logText = (error) =>
+  `${error?.name || 'Error'}: ${String(error?.message ?? '')}`
+    .replace(/[a-z][a-z0-9+.-]*:\/\/\S*/gi, '<url>')
+    .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
+    .slice(0, 200);
+
+/** GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN as newsOrigin reads it; a value it refuses is warned of once. */
+function configuredOrigin(env, log) {
+  let warned = null;
+  return () => {
+    const raw = String(env().GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN ?? '').trim();
+    const base = newsOrigin(raw);
+    if (!base && raw && warned !== raw) {
+      warned = raw;
+      // Not the value: it may carry credentials.
+      log(
+        '[news] GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN is not a plain http(s) origin; answering with the built-in news backend',
+      );
+    }
+    return base;
+  };
+}
+
 /**
- * A thin, validated GET proxy for the news layer's three read routes.
- * @param {{origin?: () => string|null, fetchImpl?: typeof fetch, timeoutMs?: number}} [options]
+ * A thin, validated GET proxy for the news layer's three read routes, or
+ * their keyed answers without a news server.
+ * @param {{env?: () => object, log?: (message: string) => void, origin?: () => string|null, fetchImpl?: typeof fetch, timeoutMs?: number, keyed?: {answer: (path: string, params: URLSearchParams) => Promise<{status: number, body: object}>}}} [options]
  */
 export function newsProxy({
-  origin = () => newsOrigin(),
+  env = () => process.env,
+  log = (message) => console.warn(message),
+  origin = configuredOrigin(env, log),
   fetchImpl = (...args) => globalThis.fetch(...args),
   timeoutMs = TIMEOUT_MS,
+  keyed = createKeyedNews({ env, fetchImpl, log }),
 } = {}) {
   const json = (res, status, value) => {
     if (res.destroyed) return;
@@ -64,12 +95,18 @@ export function newsProxy({
     if (!newsQueryAllowed(target))
       return json(res, 400, { error: 'invalid_news_request' });
     const base = origin();
-    if (!base)
-      return json(res, 503, {
-        error: 'news_not_configured',
-        unavailable: true,
-        retryable: false,
-      });
+    if (!base) {
+      try {
+        const { status, body } = await keyed.answer(
+          local.pathname,
+          target.searchParams,
+        );
+        return json(res, status, body);
+      } catch (error) {
+        log(`[news] built-in news answer failed: ${logText(error)}`);
+        return json(res, 502, { error: 'news_unavailable' });
+      }
+    }
     try {
       const upstream = await fetchImpl(
         new URL(`${target.pathname}${target.search}`, base),
diff --git a/server/providers/news.test.mjs b/server/providers/news.test.mjs
index 73defce9f..07c1f0fd1 100644
--- a/server/providers/news.test.mjs
+++ b/server/providers/news.test.mjs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import { newsOrigin, newsProxy } from './news.js';
+import { createKeyedNews } from './news/keyed.js';
 
 /** Mount the proxy on a fake middleware stack and call it like Connect does. */
 function mount(options) {
@@ -33,7 +34,10 @@ function mount(options) {
 }
 
 test('the origin must be a plain http(s) origin', () => {
-  assert.equal(newsOrigin('https://news.example'), 'https://news.example');
+  assert.equal(
+    newsOrigin('http://news.example:8080'),
+    'http://news.example:8080',
+  );
   assert.equal(
     newsOrigin('https://news.example/base/'),
     'https://news.example',
@@ -51,23 +55,32 @@ test('the origin must be a plain http(s) origin', () => {
     assert.equal(newsOrigin(bad), null, String(bad));
 });
 
-test('without GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN every route answers not configured and nothing is fetched', async () => {
-  let fetches = 0;
+test('without GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN Core answers itself: Conflicts from GDELT, Local saying it needs its key', async () => {
+  const hosts = [];
+  const fetchImpl = async (url) => {
+    hosts.push(new URL(String(url)).host);
+    throw new Error('offline');
+  };
   const call = mount({
     origin: () => null,
-    fetchImpl: async () => {
-      fetches++;
-      throw new Error('unexpected');
-    },
+    fetchImpl,
+    keyed: createKeyedNews({ env: () => ({}), fetchImpl, log: () => {} }),
   });
-  const response = await call('/hotspots');
-  assert.equal(response.status, 503);
-  assert.deepEqual(response.json, {
-    error: 'news_not_configured',
-    unavailable: true,
-    retryable: false,
-  });
-  assert.equal(fetches, 0);
+  // GDELT's exports need no key; offline, the read fails like any upstream.
+  const hotspots = await call('/hotspots');
+  assert.equal(hotspots.status, 502);
+  assert.deepEqual(hotspots.json, { error: 'news_upstream_error' });
+  const local = await call('/feed?hotspot=all&at=51.13,71.43');
+  assert.equal(local.status, 503);
+  assert.deepEqual(local.json, { error: 'no_key', key: 'worldnewsapi' });
+  // The area is read from the bundled countries, with no key.
+  const area = await call('/outline?at=51.13,71.43&v=4');
+  assert.equal(area.status, 200);
+  assert.equal(area.json.area.name, 'Kazakhstan');
+  // The client's allowlist still holds.
+  assert.equal((await call('/feed?side=UA')).status, 400);
+  assert.ok(hosts.length > 0);
+  assert.ok(hosts.every((host) => host === 'data.gdeltproject.org'));
 });
 
 test('forwards only the client routes, by GET, and relays the JSON', async () => {
@@ -139,3 +152,43 @@ test('upstream failures, bad JSON and timeouts become bounded errors', async ()
   assert.equal(timedOut.status, 504);
   assert.deepEqual(timedOut.json, { error: 'news_unavailable' });
 });
+
+test('a GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN that is no plain origin is warned of once, and Core answers itself', async () => {
+  const logs = [];
+  const asked = [];
+  const call = mount({
+    env: () => ({ GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN: 'https://user:secret@news.example' }),
+    log: (line) => logs.push(line),
+    fetchImpl: async () => assert.fail('nothing is forwarded'),
+    keyed: {
+      answer: async (path) => {
+        asked.push(path);
+        return { status: 200, body: { reports: [], nextBefore: null } };
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  assert.equal((await call('/feed?hotspot=all')).status, 200);
+  assert.equal((await call('/feed?hotspot=all')).status, 200);
+  assert.deepEqual(asked, ['/feed', '/feed']);
+  assert.equal(logs.length, 1);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(logs[0], /secret|news\.example/);
+});
+
+test('a built-in answer that throws is a 502, logged in one line without addresses', async () => {
+  const logs = [];
+  const call = mount({
+    env: () => ({}),
+    log: (line) => logs.push(line),
+    keyed: {
+      answer: async () => {
+        throw new TypeError('bad https://api.example/?key=abc\nmore');
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const failed = await call('/hotspots');
+  assert.equal(failed.status, 502);
+  assert.deepEqual(failed.json, { error: 'news_unavailable' });
+  assert.equal(logs.length, 1);
+  assert.match(logs[0], /TypeError/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(logs[0], /key=abc|\n/);
+});
diff --git a/server/providers/news/areas.js b/server/providers/news/areas.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d283fe876
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/providers/news/areas.js
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+// Areas for the News layer, from the bundled Natural Earth packs (public
+// domain): the disputed area or else the country at a point, its outline in
+// the /api/news/outline form, and a point inside a country to pin its
+// national news at. A disputed area is checked first and named as itself,
+// so no one country's name stands for it; so is a territory the countries
+// pack gives no code (Somaliland), rather than read as sea. Read once, on
+// first use.
+
+import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+
+import {
+  containsAnchor,
+  geometryOf,
+  pointInRing,
+} from '../../../src/data/adminBoundaries.js';
+
+const PACKS = '../../../src/data/local_data/natural_earth/';
+const PACK = new URL(`${PACKS}countries.json`, import.meta.url);
+const DISPUTED = new URL(`${PACKS}disputed_areas.json`, import.meta.url);
+const ISO2 = /^[A-Z]{2}$/;
+
+let countries = null;
+let territories = [];
+
+/**
+ * One entry per ISO code: its name and every Country part's geometry. The
+ * Country features without a code ("-99": Somaliland, Northern Cyprus,
+ * sovereign base areas, no man's lands) are kept apart as territories.
+ */
+function loadCountries(read = () => JSON.parse(readFileSync(PACK, 'utf8'))) {
+  if (countries) return countries;
+  const pack = read();
+  const decimals = pack.meta?.decimals ?? 3;
+  const byCode = new Map();
+  const codeless = [];
+  for (const feature of pack.features || []) {
+    // The constituent countries of the United Kingdom repeat its part.
+    if (feature.type !== 'Country') continue;
+    if (!ISO2.test(feature.iso2 || '')) {
+      if (feature.name)
+        codeless.push({ name: feature.name, feature, decimals });
+      continue;
+    }
+    const entry = byCode.get(feature.iso2) || {
+      code: feature.iso2,
+      name: null,
+      size: 0,
+      parts: [],
+    };
+    entry.parts.push({ feature, decimals });
+    // Named after its largest feature: Kazakhstan, not the Baikonur lease.
+    const size = JSON.stringify(feature.polygons).length;
+    if (size > entry.size) {
+      entry.name = feature.name;
+      entry.size = size;
+    }
+    byCode.set(feature.iso2, entry);
+  }
+  countries = byCode;
+  territories = codeless;
+  return countries;
+}
+
+/** Test seam: read another pack (or the bundled one again). */
+export function resetCountries(read) {
+  countries = null;
+  if (read) loadCountries(read);
+}
+
+const geometries = (entry) => entry.parts.map((part) => geometryOf(part));
+
+let disputed = null;
+const slug = (name) =>
+  name
+    .toLowerCase()
+    .replace(/[^a-z0-9]+/g, '-')
+    .replace(/^-|-$/g, '');
+
+/** The disputed areas: `{key, name, kind, heldBy, claimedBy, rings}`. */
+function loadDisputed() {
+  if (disputed) return disputed;
+  const pack = JSON.parse(readFileSync(DISPUTED, 'utf8'));
+  disputed = (pack.areas || []).map((area) => ({
+    key: `disputed-${slug(area.name)}`,
+    name: area.name,
+    kind: area.kind,
+    heldBy: area.heldBy ?? null,
+    claimedBy: area.claimedBy ?? null,
+    rings: area.rings,
+  }));
+  return disputed;
+}
+
+/** The disputed area at a point, or null. */
+export function disputedAt(lat, lon) {
+  return (
+    loadDisputed().find((area) =>
+      area.rings.some((ring) => pointInRing(ring, lat, lon)),
+    ) || null
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * The area a point is in, as the News layer names it: a disputed area, or
+ * a territory without a code, as itself (`kind: 'disputed'`, `code` null),
+ * else its country (`kind: 'country'`, with `country` the countryAt
+ * entry); null at sea.
+ */
+export function areaAt(lat, lon) {
+  const area = disputedAt(lat, lon);
+  if (area)
+    return {
+      ...area,
+      kind: 'disputed',
+      held: area.kind,
+      code: null,
+      polygons: area.rings.map((outer) => ({ outer, holes: [] })),
+    };
+  const country = countryAt(lat, lon);
+  if (country)
+    return {
+      key: country.code,
+      name: country.name,
+      kind: 'country',
+      code: country.code,
+      country,
+    };
+  const territory = territoryAt(lat, lon);
+  return territory
+    ? {
+        key: `disputed-${slug(territory.name)}`,
+        name: territory.name,
+        kind: 'disputed',
+        held: null,
+        code: null,
+        polygons: geometryOf(territory).polygons.map(([outer, ...holes]) => ({
+          outer,
+          holes,
+        })),
+      }
+    : null;
+}
+
+/** Whether a point lies in a geometry (geometryOf), across the antimeridian. */
+function inGeometry(geometry, lat, lon) {
+  const [west, south, east, north] = geometry.bbox;
+  const x = lon - 360 * Math.round((lon - (west + east) / 2) / 360);
+  if (x < west || x > east || lat < south || lat > north) return false;
+  return containsAnchor(geometry.polygons, lat, lon);
+}
+
+/** The country at a point, or null at sea or in a territory without a code. */
+export function countryAt(lat, lon) {
+  for (const entry of loadCountries().values())
+    for (const geometry of geometries(entry))
+      if (inGeometry(geometry, lat, lon)) return entry;
+  return null;
+}
+
+/** The territory without a code at a point (Somaliland), or null. */
+function territoryAt(lat, lon) {
+  loadCountries();
+  return (
+    territories.find((part) => inGeometry(geometryOf(part), lat, lon)) || null
+  );
+}
+
+/** A country by its ISO code, or null. */
+export const countryByCode = (code) => loadCountries().get(code) || null;
+
+/**
+ * A country's outline as /api/news/outline answers it (`{outer, holes}`),
+ * the disputed areas inside it left out as holes (Russia's without Crimea).
+ */
+export function countryPolygons(entry) {
+  const areas = loadDisputed();
+  return geometries(entry).flatMap((geometry) =>
+    geometry.polygons.map(([outer, ...holes]) => ({
+      outer,
+      holes: [
+        ...holes,
+        ...areas
+          .flatMap((area) => area.rings)
+          .filter((ring) => pointInRing(outer, ring[0][1], ring[0][0])),
+      ],
+    })),
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * A point inside the country's largest part, for news placed in the country
+ * alone: its label point when that lies inside, else the middle of the
+ * widest span across the part at its middle latitude.
+ */
+export function countryAnchor(entry) {
+  const largest = geometries(entry).sort((a, b) => b.areaKm2 - a.areaKm2)[0];
+  const { label, polygons, bbox } = largest;
+  if (containsAnchor(polygons, label.lat, label.lon)) return label;
+  const lat = (bbox[1] + bbox[3]) / 2;
+  const [outer] = polygons.reduce((a, b) =>
+    b[0].length > a[0].length ? b : a,
+  );
+  const crossings = [];
+  for (let i = 0, j = outer.length - 1; i < outer.length; j = i++) {
+    const [x1, y1] = outer[j];
+    const [x2, y2] = outer[i];
+    if (y1 > lat !== y2 > lat)
+      crossings.push(x1 + ((lat - y1) * (x2 - x1)) / (y2 - y1));
+  }
+  crossings.sort((a, b) => a - b);
+  let best = null;
+  for (let i = 0; i + 1 < crossings.length; i += 2)
+    if (!best || crossings[i + 1] - crossings[i] > best[1] - best[0])
+      best = [crossings[i], crossings[i + 1]];
+  return best ? { lat, lon: (best[0] + best[1]) / 2 } : label;
+}
diff --git a/server/providers/news/categorize.js b/server/providers/news/categorize.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4574246de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/providers/news/categorize.js
@@ -0,0 +1,873 @@
+// Rule-based report categories, relevance and severity: the News layer's
+// base reading, shared by every news server. Multilingual stems (en, uk, ru,
+// ar, he and more) matched at a word start on normalised text; a trailing `$`
+// makes a stem whole-word. A title hit counts double. Ties go to the earlier
+// category in CATEGORY_ORDER, which runs from most to least specific.
+//
+// A news server may replace these readings with its own; the rules stay
+// as the fallback.
+
+/** Text as the rules match it: folded case, one apostrophe, no vowel marks. */
+export function normaliseForMatch(text) {
+  return String(text || '')
+    .normalize('NFKC')
+    .toLowerCase()
+    .replace(/ё/g, 'е')
+    .replace(/[’ʼ`´]/g, "'")
+    .replace(/[ً-ٰٟ֑-ׇ]/g, '')
+    .replace(/[أإآ]/g, 'ا');
+}
+
+export const CATEGORY_ORDER = Object.freeze([
+  'strike',
+  'alert',
+  'air-defence',
+  'ground',
+  'casualties',
+  'humanitarian',
+  'infrastructure',
+  'disaster',
+  'protest',
+  'political',
+  // Rules only, for the Local section's national news.
+  'economy',
+]);
+
+// [stem, weight]; weight defaults to 1.
+const RULES = {
+  strike: [
+    'strike',
+    'airstrike',
+    'air strike',
+    'missile',
+    'rocket',
+    'drone',
+    'shelling',
+    'shelled',
+    'bomb',
+    'explosion',
+    'blast',
+    'artillery',
+    'shahed',
+    ['attack', 0.5],
+    'удар',
+    'ракет',
+    'дрон',
+    'бпла',
+    'обстріл',
+    'обстрел',
+    'вибух',
+    'взрыв',
+    'шахед',
+    'бомб',
+    ['атак', 0.5],
+    'غارة',
+    'غارات',
+    'قصف',
+    'صاروخ',
+    'صواريخ',
+    'مسيرة',
+    'انفجار',
+    ['استهداف', 0.7],
+    ['هجوم', 0.5],
+    'תקיפה',
+    'טיל',
+    'רקט',
+    'כטב"מ',
+    'פיצוץ',
+    'הפצצ',
+  ],
+  'air-defence': [
+    'air defen',
+    'intercept',
+    'shot down',
+    'downed',
+    'air raid',
+    'ппо',
+    'збит',
+    'сбит',
+    'перехоп',
+    'перехват',
+    'повітряна тривога',
+    'воздушная тревога',
+    'الدفاع الجوي',
+    'اعتراض',
+    'יירוט',
+    'יורט',
+    'כיפת ברזל',
+    'אזעק',
+  ],
+  ground: [
+    'advance$',
+    'advances$',
+    'advancing',
+    'offensive',
+    'captur',
+    'liberat',
+    'assault',
+    'clash',
+    'fighting',
+    'counteroffensive',
+    'frontline',
+    'front line',
+    'battle',
+    'encircl',
+    ['troops', 0.5],
+    'наступ',
+    'штурм',
+    'звільн',
+    'освобо',
+    'бої$',
+    'бои$',
+    'контрнаступ',
+    'захоп',
+    'захват',
+    'оточ',
+    'окруж',
+    'продвиж',
+    'просуван',
+    'اشتباك',
+    'معارك',
+    'تقدم',
+    'سيطر',
+    'اقتحام',
+    'توغل',
+    'לחימה',
+    'קרב',
+    'פשיט',
+    'תמרון',
+  ],
+  casualties: [
+    'killed',
+    'dead$',
+    'deaths',
+    'wounded',
+    'injured',
+    'casualt',
+    'death toll',
+    'загин',
+    'поранен',
+    'жертв',
+    'вбит',
+    'погиб',
+    'ранен',
+    'убит',
+    'قتلى',
+    'شهداء',
+    'شهيد',
+    'جرحى',
+    'مقتل',
+    'اصاب',
+    'הרוג',
+    'נהרג',
+    'פצוע',
+    'נפצע',
+  ],
+  humanitarian: [
+    'evacuat',
+    'aid$',
+    'refugee',
+    'displac',
+    'humanitarian',
+    'famine',
+    'hunger',
+    'convoy',
+    'shelter',
+    'евакуац',
+    'эвакуац',
+    'гуманітар',
+    'гуманитар',
+    'біженц',
+    'беженц',
+    'انسانية',
+    'نازح',
+    'نزوح',
+    'مساعدات',
+    'اجلاء',
+    'مجاعة',
+    'הומניטרי',
+    'פינוי',
+    'סיוע',
+  ],
+  infrastructure: [
+    'power outage',
+    'blackout',
+    'electricity',
+    'energy',
+    'grid$',
+    'substation',
+    'water supply',
+    'bridge',
+    'railway',
+    'refinery',
+    'port$',
+    'dam$',
+    'power plant',
+    'енерг',
+    'энерг',
+    'знеструм',
+    'обесточ',
+    'підстанц',
+    'подстанц',
+    'залізниц',
+    'железн',
+    'нпз',
+    'الكهرباء',
+    'محطة',
+    'مياه',
+    'جسر',
+    'חשמל',
+    'תשתית',
+  ],
+  disaster: [
+    'earthquake',
+    'flood',
+    'wildfire',
+    'landslide',
+    'cyclone',
+    'hurricane',
+    'typhoon',
+    'tsunami',
+    'eruption',
+    'glof$',
+    'glacial lake',
+    'storm$',
+    'lightning',
+    'землетрус',
+    'землетрясен',
+    'повін',
+    'паводк',
+    'наводнен',
+    'زلزال',
+    'فيضان',
+    'سيول',
+    'רעידת אדמה',
+    'שיטפון',
+  ],
+  protest: [
+    'protest',
+    'demonstrat',
+    'rally$',
+    'rallies',
+    'riot',
+    // Not a bare "протест": "протестировал" is "tested".
+    'протест$',
+    'протеста',
+    'протесту',
+    'протестом',
+    'протесте$',
+    'протесты',
+    'протестов',
+    'протестн',
+    'протестую',
+    'протестова',
+    'мітинг',
+    'митинг',
+    'احتجاج',
+    'مظاهر',
+    'تظاهر',
+    'הפגנ',
+    'מחאה',
+  ],
+  political: [
+    'talks$',
+    'negotiat',
+    'sanction',
+    'summit',
+    'ceasefire',
+    'truce',
+    'peace',
+    'election',
+    'parliament',
+    ['president', 0.5],
+    ['minister', 0.5],
+    ['statement', 0.5],
+    // A state visit ("King of Jordan arrives in Astana").
+    ['visit', 0.5],
+    ['delegation', 0.5],
+    ['agreement', 0.5],
+    'memorandum',
+    'diplomat',
+    'bilateral',
+    'ambassador',
+    ['визит', 0.5],
+    ['делегац', 0.5],
+    'дипломат',
+    'переговор',
+    'санкц',
+    'перемир',
+    'вибори',
+    'выборы',
+    ['президент', 0.5],
+    ['міністр', 0.5],
+    ['министр', 0.5],
+    'مفاوضات',
+    'عقوبات',
+    'هدنة',
+    'وقف اطلاق النار',
+    ['وزير', 0.5],
+    ['رئيس', 0.5],
+    'משא ומתן',
+    'הפסקת אש',
+    'סנקצי',
+    ['ראש הממשלה', 0.5],
+  ],
+  // Elections and party politics ("How Gina Hinojosa Captured Texas" is a
+  // governor's race, not a battle). They count toward political only when
+  // nothing physical happened (categorizeText): a strike in an election week
+  // is still a strike.
+  election: [
+    'midterm',
+    'electoral',
+    'elect$',
+    'ballot',
+    'voter',
+    'vote$',
+    'votes$',
+    'voting',
+    'polls$',
+    'candidate',
+    'senate race',
+    'referendum',
+    'inaugurat',
+    // Plurals only: "Democratic Republic of Congo", "Republican Guard".
+    'democrats$',
+    'republicans$',
+    'gop$',
+    'избира',
+    'голосован',
+    'виборц',
+    'голосуван',
+    'انتخاب',
+    'בחירות',
+  ],
+};
+
+// Business, trade, industry and energy, counted only when nothing physical
+// happened (categorizeText): an oil depot struck is a strike. English,
+// Russian, Ukrainian, Kazakh-press Russian, Turkish and the European stems.
+RULES.economy = [
+  'econom',
+  'gdp$',
+  'inflation',
+  'investment',
+  'investor',
+  'export',
+  'imports$',
+  'import$',
+  'tariff',
+  'trade deal',
+  'trade turnover',
+  'central bank',
+  'stock market',
+  'budget',
+  'oil and gas',
+  'oilfield',
+  'oil field',
+  'gas field',
+  'exploration',
+  'drilling',
+  'mining',
+  'industr',
+  'manufactur',
+  'business',
+  'company',
+  'companies',
+  'revenue',
+  'profit',
+  'merger',
+  'tourism',
+  'agricultur',
+  'harvest',
+  'экономи',
+  'инвест',
+  'экспорт',
+  'импорт',
+  'инфляц',
+  'ввп$',
+  'бюджет',
+  'промышлен',
+  'бизнес',
+  'компани',
+  'товарооборот',
+  'економі',
+  'інвест',
+  'експорт',
+  'промисло',
+  'ekonomi',
+  'yatırım',
+  'ihracat',
+  'ithalat',
+  'enflasyon',
+  'sanayi',
+  'şirket',
+  'wirtschaft',
+  'konjunktur',
+  'unternehm',
+  'inversi',
+  'investiss',
+  'investiment',
+  'empresa',
+  'entreprise',
+  'impresa',
+];
+
+// Attack words beyond PHYSICAL's harm, which keep a report off economy.
+const ATTACK = new RegExp(
+  String.raw`(?<![\p{L}])(?:attack|assault|target|hit(?![\p{L}])|fire|plot|war(?![\p{L}])|wartime|атак|удар|пораж|пожар|обстр|війн|войн|هجوم|استهداف|حرب|מתקפ|ataque|attaque|attacco|angriff|saldır)`,
+  'u',
+);
+
+function escapeRegex(text) {
+  return text.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&');
+}
+
+// Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian and German stems, for outlets that
+// report in their own language (a train crash in Spain, in Spanish).
+const EUROPEAN = {
+  strike: [
+    'bombarde',
+    'misil',
+    'míssil',
+    'dron$',
+    'explosión',
+    'explosão',
+    'esplosi',
+    'ataque',
+    'attaque',
+    'attacco',
+    'angriff',
+    'rakete',
+    'luftangriff',
+  ],
+  'air-defence': ['antiaére', 'défense aérienne', 'flugabwehr', 'abatid'],
+  ground: [
+    'combate',
+    'combats',
+    'enfrentamiento',
+    'affrontement',
+    'scontri',
+    'gefecht',
+  ],
+  casualties: [
+    'muert',
+    'fallecid',
+    'herid',
+    'morts$',
+    'tué',
+    'blessé',
+    'morti',
+    'ferit',
+    'mortos',
+    'ferido',
+    'muere',
+    'mueren',
+    'fallece',
+    'meurt',
+    'morre',
+    'tote$',
+    'verletzt',
+    'víctimas',
+    'victimes',
+    'vittime',
+  ],
+  humanitarian: [
+    'evacua',
+    'évacu',
+    'refugiad',
+    'réfugi',
+    'flüchtling',
+    'desplazad',
+  ],
+  infrastructure: [
+    'apagón',
+    'panne',
+    'blackout',
+    'descarril',
+    'déraill',
+    'deragliament',
+    'entgleis',
+    'accidente',
+    'accident',
+    'incidente',
+    'choque',
+    'collision',
+    'collisione',
+    'zusammenstoß',
+    'incendio',
+    'incendie',
+  ],
+  disaster: [
+    'terremoto',
+    'séisme',
+    'tremblement',
+    'erdbeben',
+    'inundaci',
+    'inondation',
+    'alluvion',
+    'überschwemm',
+    'huracán',
+    'ouragan',
+    'uragano',
+    'tormenta',
+    'tempête',
+    'tempesta',
+    'sturm',
+    'cicl',
+    'erupci',
+    'éruption',
+    'eruzione',
+  ],
+  protest: [
+    'protesta',
+    'manifesta',
+    'disturbio',
+    'émeute',
+    'huelga',
+    'grève',
+    'sciopero',
+    'streik',
+    'demonstration',
+  ],
+};
+for (const [category, stems] of Object.entries(EUROPEAN))
+  RULES[category] = [...(RULES[category] || []), ...stems];
+
+const COMPILED = Object.entries(RULES).map(([category, stems]) => ({
+  category,
+  rules: stems.map((entry) => {
+    const [stem, weight = 1] = Array.isArray(entry) ? entry : [entry];
+    const whole = stem.endsWith('$');
+    const body = escapeRegex(
+      normaliseForMatch(whole ? stem.slice(0, -1) : stem),
+    ).replace(/\s+/g, '\\s+');
+    const arabic = /\p{Script=Arabic}/u.test(stem) ? '(?:[وفبلك]?(?:ال)?)' : '';
+    const hebrew = /\p{Script=Hebrew}/u.test(stem) ? '(?:[ובלמהשכ]{0,2})' : '';
+    return {
+      weight,
+      regex: new RegExp(
+        `(?<![\\p{L}\\p{N}])${arabic}${hebrew}${body}${whole ? '(?![\\p{L}\\p{N}])' : ''}`,
+        'u',
+      ),
+    };
+  }),
+}));
+
+/**
+ * Categorise a report from its title and summary.
+ * @returns {{category: string, tags: string[]}}
+ */
+export const RELEVANCE_LEVELS = Object.freeze(['core', 'related', 'minor']);
+const EVENT_CATEGORIES = new Set([
+  'strike',
+  'air-defence',
+  'ground',
+  'casualties',
+  'disaster',
+]);
+// Words that tie a report to armed conflict or crisis, whatever its category
+// (en, fr, ru, uk, ar, he, es).
+const CONFLICT_TERMS = new RegExp(
+  [
+    'war',
+    'army',
+    'military',
+    'militar',
+    'troops',
+    'soldier',
+    'militant',
+    'jihad',
+    'terror',
+    'insurg',
+    'rebel',
+    'ceasefire',
+    'truce',
+    'hostage',
+    'sanction',
+    'shell',
+    'drone',
+    'missile',
+    'airstrike',
+    'frappe',
+    'armée',
+    'soldat',
+    'djihad',
+    'fama',
+    'jnim',
+    'houthi',
+    'hezbollah',
+    'hamas',
+    'irgc',
+    'rsf',
+    'wagner',
+    'africa corps',
+    'войн',
+    'війн',
+    'армі',
+    'арми',
+    'всу',
+    'зсу',
+    'бпла',
+    'обстр',
+    'фронт',
+    'حرب',
+    'الجيش',
+    'هجوم',
+    'قصف',
+    'الحوثي',
+    'مسلح',
+    'מלחמה',
+    'צה"ל',
+    'guerra',
+    'ejército',
+    // Violence, coercion and their aftermath.
+    'massacre',
+    'atrocit',
+    'genocide',
+    'arms',
+    'weapon',
+    'detain',
+    'abduct',
+    'kidnap',
+    'air raid',
+    'alert',
+    'jamming',
+    'тривог',
+    'тревог',
+    'відбій',
+    'отбой',
+    'occupied',
+    'occupation',
+    'territor',
+    'convoy',
+    'demining',
+    'forces',
+    'raid',
+    'conflict',
+    'putin',
+    'zelensk',
+    'окуп',
+    'оккуп',
+    // Diplomacy and strategic stakes of the conflict.
+    'ambassador',
+    'mediat',
+    'election',
+    'talks',
+    'negotiat',
+    'envoy',
+    'diplomat',
+    'foreign minister',
+    'condemn',
+    'nuclear',
+    'hormuz',
+    'blockade',
+    'négociation',
+    'переговор',
+    'перемир',
+    'مفاوضات',
+    'هدنة',
+  ]
+    // Short words are whole words ("war" is not "warning" or "Warsaw").
+    .map((w) => `(?<![\\p{L}])${w}${w.length < 5 ? '(?![\\p{L}])' : ''}`)
+    .join('|'),
+  'iu',
+);
+
+/**
+ * How much a report matters to its hotspot, by rule: `core` for a physical conflict or crisis event, `related` for
+ * news tied to the conflict (by wording, or because the source covers
+ * nothing else), `minor` for the rest of what a broad outlet publishes
+ * (prices, sport, health, culture).
+ */
+const termPatterns = new Map();
+/** A word-start pattern for a hotspot term ("pow" must not match "power"). */
+function termPattern(term) {
+  if (!termPatterns.has(term))
+    termPatterns.set(
+      term,
+      new RegExp(
+        // Short terms are whole words ("pow" is not "power"); longer ones are
+        // stems ("mobiliz" → mobilized, mobilization).
+        `(?<![\\p{L}])${normaliseForMatch(term).replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&')}${term.length < 5 ? '(?![\\p{L}])' : ''}`,
+        'u',
+      ),
+    );
+  return termPatterns.get(term);
+}
+
+export function relevanceOf({
+  category,
+  tags = [],
+  title = '',
+  summary = '',
+  dedicated = false,
+  relatedTerms = [],
+  floor = 'minor',
+}) {
+  const text = normaliseForMatch(`${title} ${summary}`);
+  // A hotspot's own vocabulary counts as conflict wording there (Iran:
+  // "Qalibaf", "IAEA"; Israel: "settler"; Ukraine: "prisoner exchange").
+  const conflict =
+    CONFLICT_TERMS.test(text) ||
+    relatedTerms.some((term) => termPattern(term).test(text));
+  // Any event reading counts, even when another category wins the title
+  // ("the accident toll rises to 74": infrastructure first, casualties too).
+  if (
+    EVENT_CATEGORIES.has(category) ||
+    tags.some((tag) => EVENT_CATEGORIES.has(tag))
+  )
+    return 'core';
+  if (conflict && ['humanitarian', 'infrastructure'].includes(category))
+    return 'core';
+  if (conflict || dedicated || category === 'humanitarian') return 'related';
+  return floor;
+}
+
+// Alerts: air-raid alerts and reports of drones or missiles on their way
+// ("Реактивний БпЛА курсом на Полтаву", "КАБи на Донеччину", "drone heading
+// for Kyiv", "➡️"). Something is in the air; nothing has hit yet. Most of an
+// air force's channel is these, and as "strikes" they would merge into real
+// strike events and inflate them.
+// A direction counts only after a weapon ("БпЛА … з півдня"), so a convoy
+// leaving "in the direction of Oleshky" is not an alert.
+const WEAPON =
+  '(?:бпла|дрон|шахед|герань|ракет|каб|балістик|крилат|боєприпас|боеприпас|uav|drone|missile|shahed|ballistic|cruise|munition)';
+const DIRECTION =
+  '(?:курсом на|у напрямку|в напрямку|в направлении|у бік|в сторону|повз |з (?:північ|півден|схід|сход|захід|заход)|с (?:север|юг|восток|запад)|на |над |heading |on course|toward)';
+const ALERT = new RegExp(
+  `${WEAPON}[^.!?]{0,40}${DIRECTION}|^[^\\p{L}]*курсом на|тривог|тревог|загроза застосування|угроза применения|air[- ]raid|threat of (?:missile|drone|ballistic|uav)|[➡⬅⬆⬇↗↘↙↖]`,
+  'u',
+);
+// Wording that something did hit: then it is a strike (or air defence), not an alert.
+const IMPACT =
+  /влуч|вибух|уражен|пошкодж|загин|поранен|зруйн|пожеж|атак|удар по|збит|знищ|попадан|взрыв|поражен|поврежд|погиб|ранен|разруш|сбит|уничтож|\bhit\b|\bhits\b|struck|explosion|blast|killed|injur|wounded|damage|destroy|fire\b|shot down|intercept|attack/u;
+
+/** Whether a report's title is an alert: a threat on its way, nothing hit yet. */
+function isAlertText(title = '', summary = '') {
+  const t = normaliseForMatch(`${title} ${summary}`.slice(0, 400));
+  return ALERT.test(t) && !IMPACT.test(t);
+}
+
+// "Hit" or "struck" says nothing on its own: what hit decides (a missile is a
+// strike, a flood or lightning a disaster), and those words score by
+// themselves. A few phrases use a category's word for another thing.
+const PHRASES = [
+  [/storm shadow/gu, 'missile'],
+  [/lightning strikes?/gu, 'lightning'],
+  [
+    /(?:general|hunger|labou?r|workers?|nationwide|national|transport|rail|teachers?|doctors?|nurses?) strikes?|on strike|strike action/gu,
+    'protest',
+  ],
+];
+const rephrase = (text) =>
+  PHRASES.reduce((out, [re, word]) => out.replace(re, word), text);
+
+// An election story borrows the words of war and disaster ("‘An Earthquake’:
+// A Democratic Rout", "captured Texas", "a bloodbath for Republicans"). With
+// election wording and nothing physical (no weapon, no one hurt, no quake's
+// magnitude), the event categories give way to political.
+const ELECTION =
+  /(?<![\p{L}])(?:election|midterm|electoral|ballot|voters?(?![\p{L}])|votes?(?![\p{L}])|voting|polls(?![\p{L}])|senate race|referendum|democrats|republicans|gop(?![\p{L}])|[\p{L}]+-elect(?![\p{L}])|выбор|избира|вибор|голосув|голосов|انتخاب|בחירות)/u;
+const PHYSICAL =
+  /(?<![\p{L}])(?:kill|dead(?![\p{L}])|fighting|clash|air ?strike|strikes?(?![\p{L}])|struck|destroy|downed|ablaze|on fire|catch(?:es)? fire|caught fire|naval mine|landmine|shot down|sunk|sank|deaths?|injur|wounded|casualt|troops|soldier|missile|drone|rocket|shell(?:ing|ed)|artiller|explosi|blast|bomb|gunfire|shot(?![\p{L}])|shooting|magnitude|richter|tremor|evacuat|flood(?:ed|ing|waters)|убит|погиб|ранен|ракет|дрон|обстрел|загин|поранен|обстріл|قتل|جرح|صاروخ|הרג|פצוע|טיל)/u;
+/** The categories of a physical event (an alert is a threat, not yet one). */
+export const EVENT_KINDS = new Set([
+  'strike',
+  'air-defence',
+  'ground',
+  'casualties',
+  'disaster',
+  'infrastructure',
+]);
+
+export function categorizeText({ title = '', summary = '' } = {}) {
+  if (isAlertText(title)) return { category: 'alert', tags: ['alert'] };
+  const t = rephrase(normaliseForMatch(title));
+  const s = rephrase(normaliseForMatch(summary));
+  const scores = new Map();
+  for (const { category, rules } of COMPILED) {
+    let score = 0;
+    for (const { regex, weight } of rules) {
+      if (regex.test(t)) score += 2 * weight;
+      else if (regex.test(s)) score += weight;
+    }
+    if (score > 0) scores.set(category, score);
+  }
+  const all = `${t} ${s}`;
+  const election = scores.get('election') || 0;
+  scores.delete('election');
+  const physical = PHYSICAL.test(all);
+  // Business words and no harm or attack: "advance exploration" is no
+  // front-line advance; "attack an industrial facility" stays a strike.
+  if (physical || ATTACK.test(all)) scores.delete('economy');
+  else if (scores.has('economy'))
+    for (const kind of EVENT_KINDS) scores.delete(kind);
+  if (!physical) {
+    if (election)
+      scores.set('political', (scores.get('political') || 0) + election);
+    if (ELECTION.test(all)) {
+      for (const kind of EVENT_KINDS) scores.delete(kind);
+      scores.set('political', Math.max(scores.get('political') || 0, 1));
+    }
+  }
+  if (!scores.size) return { category: 'other', tags: [] };
+  const ranked = CATEGORY_ORDER.filter((c) => scores.has(c)).sort(
+    (a, b) => scores.get(b) - scores.get(a),
+  );
+  return { category: ranked[0], tags: ranked };
+}
+
+// Severity by rule, for reports without a severity of their own (0 none,
+// 1 minor incident, 2 significant: deaths, injuries or real damage, 3 major:
+// mass casualties). Wording in en, uk, ru, ar, he, es, fr, de.
+const SEVERITY_EVENTS = new Set([...EVENT_CATEGORIES, 'infrastructure']);
+const MAJOR_HARM =
+  /mass casualt|massacre|dozens (?:of \p{L}+ )?(?:killed|dead)|hundreds (?:of \p{L}+ )?(?:killed|dead)|масов\p{L}* (?:жертв|загибел|гибел)|десятки (?:загибл|погибш|убит|вбит|людей загин|человек погиб)|مجزرة|عشرات (?:القتلى|الشهداء)|טבח/u;
+const HARM_WORDS =
+  'kill|dead|died|death|injur|wound|casualt|загин|загибл|погиб|убит|вбит|поранен|ранен|постражд|пострадал|травм|قتل|قتيل|شهيد|شهداء|جرح|جريح|إصاب|اصاب|נהרג|הרוג|פצוע|muert|herid|tué|mort|bless|getötet|tote|verletz';
+const HARM = new RegExp(String.raw`(?<![\p{L}])(?:${HARM_WORDS})`, 'u');
+// "No casualties", "без жертв": the harm word is there, the harm is not.
+const NO_HARM =
+  /(?:no|without|zero) (?:casualt|injur|deaths|victims|one (?:was )?(?:hurt|injured))|без (?:жертв|постраждал|пострадавш|загибл|погибш)|не постраждал|не пострадал|لا (?:إصابات|اصابات)|אין נפגעים|sin (?:víctimas|heridos)|sans (?:victime|blessé)/u;
+const DAMAGE =
+  /destroy|damag|ablaze|on fire|fire broke|explosion|collapse|зруйн|разруш|пошкодж|поврежд|пожеж|пожар|вибух|взрыв|دمار|تدمير|انفجار|حريق|הרס|פיצוץ|שריפה|destru|incendi|explos|zerstör/u;
+// An age ("a 71-year-old woman", "71-річна", "71-летний") is not a count.
+const NUMBER = String.raw`(\d{1,3}(?:[,.\s]\d{3})+|\d{1,5})(?![\d,.]*[-\s]*(?:year|yr|річн|рок|летн|год))`;
+const COUNTS = [
+  // "14 killed", "three people dead" is left to the words; "14 civilians dead".
+  new RegExp(String.raw`${NUMBER}\s+(?:\p{L}+\s+){0,2}(?:${HARM_WORDS})`, 'gu'),
+  // "killing 14", "death toll rises to 74", "kills at least 20".
+  new RegExp(
+    String.raw`(?:kill\p{L}*|toll\p{L}*(?:\s+\p{L}+){0,3}|загинул\p{L}*|погибл\p{L}*|жертв\p{L}*)\s+(?:at least\s+|не менее\s+|щонайменше\s+|до\s+|to\s+)?${NUMBER}`,
+    'gu',
+  ),
+];
+
+function largestCount(text) {
+  let most = 0;
+  for (const pattern of COUNTS)
+    for (const match of text.matchAll(pattern)) {
+      const n = Number(match[1].replace(/[,.\s]/g, ''));
+      // A year ("since 2022 killed…") is not a toll.
+      if (n < 1900 || n > 2100) most = Math.max(most, n);
+    }
+  return most;
+}
+
+/** A report's severity by rule, 0–3. */
+export function severityByRules({
+  category,
+  tags = [],
+  title = '',
+  summary = '',
+}) {
+  const text = normaliseForMatch(`${title} ${summary}`);
+  const harmed = HARM.test(text) && !NO_HARM.test(text);
+  if (MAJOR_HARM.test(text) || (harmed && largestCount(text) >= 10)) return 3;
+  const event =
+    SEVERITY_EVENTS.has(category) ||
+    tags.some((tag) => SEVERITY_EVENTS.has(tag));
+  if (harmed && (event || category === 'humanitarian')) return 2;
+  if (event && DAMAGE.test(text)) return 2;
+  return event ? 1 : 0;
+}
diff --git a/server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.js b/server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e390dc060
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.js
@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+// GDELT 2.0 events for the Conflicts section, from the 15-minute export
+// files (data.gdeltproject.org, plain downloads; no key, and not the
+// rate-limited search API). Each export is one zipped tab-separated table of
+// machine-coded events, each placed by GDELT with a point and a place type.
+//
+// A story counts when GDELT coded physical violence in it (CAMEO roots 18
+// assault, 19 fight, 20 mass violence); its place is read from all its
+// placed events (choosePlace). GDELT's actor fields are machine-coded and
+// often wrong, so no report says who did what: a report is the story (its
+// article, and the copies other outlets ran under the same address words).
+// The events carry no headline: a story's title is its page title from the
+// GKG export of the same quarter hour (read for the newest hours only, it
+// runs to 6 MB), else the words of its address. All of it is rules over
+// GDELT's own fields; nothing reads the articles.
+
+import { promisify } from 'node:util';
+import { inflateRaw } from 'node:zlib';
+
+import { readResponseBytesCapped } from '../common/http.js';
+import { categorizeText, relevanceOf, severityByRules } from './categorize.js';
+import { UpstreamError, unescapeHtml, webLink } from './upstream.js';
+
+const EXPORTS_URL = 'https://data.gdeltproject.org/gdeltv2/';
+const STEP_MS = 15 * 60_000;
+// An events export runs to about 100 KB zipped and 500 KB unzipped; a GKG
+// export to about 6 MB and 18 MB. Unzipped off the main thread.
+const MAX_ZIP_BYTES = 8 * 1024 * 1024;
+const MAX_TABLE_BYTES = 8 * 1024 * 1024;
+const MAX_GKG_ZIP_BYTES = 32 * 1024 * 1024;
+const MAX_GKG_TABLE_BYTES = 32 * 1024 * 1024;
+const inflate = promisify(inflateRaw);
+// The most words an address's words make a title of.
+const MAX_ADDRESS_WORDS = 24;
+const TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+const MAX_PLACES = 3;
+
+// Columns of the 2.0 events table (61).
+const COL = {
+  id: 0,
+  eventCode: 26,
+  rootCode: 28,
+  quadClass: 29,
+  mentions: 31,
+  geoType: 51,
+  place: 52,
+  lat: 56,
+  lon: 57,
+  added: 59,
+  url: 60,
+};
+
+// CAMEO event codes as the News layer's categories, and as words for an
+// article whose address carries none of its own.
+const EVENTS = [
+  // Aerial weapons, artillery and tanks, bombings.
+  [/^19[45]|^183/, 'strike', 'Strike reported'],
+  [/^186|^185/, 'casualties', 'Killing reported'],
+  [/^181/, 'humanitarian', 'Abduction reported'],
+  [/^20/, 'casualties', 'Mass violence reported'],
+  [/^19/, 'ground', 'Fighting reported'],
+  [/^18/, 'other', 'Violence reported'],
+];
+const eventKind = (code) =>
+  EVENTS.find(([pattern]) => pattern.test(code)) || EVENTS.at(-1);
+
+// GDELT's place types: 1 country, 2 US state, 3 US city, 4 world city,
+// 5 world state.
+const PRECISION = {
+  1: 'country',
+  2: 'region',
+  3: 'city',
+  4: 'city',
+  5: 'region',
+};
+
+/** The export holding the events GDELT added in the 15 minutes before `ms`. */
+export function exportUrl(ms) {
+  const at = new Date(Math.floor(ms / STEP_MS) * STEP_MS);
+  const stamp = at.toISOString().replace(/[-:T]/g, '').slice(0, 14);
+  return `${EXPORTS_URL}${stamp}.export.CSV.zip`;
+}
+
+/** An events export's quarter hour (ms), from its name, or NaN. */
+export function exportAt(url) {
+  const match = /(\d{4})(\d\d)(\d\d)(\d\d)(\d\d)00\.export\.CSV\.zip$/.exec(
+    url,
+  );
+  return match
+    ? Date.UTC(match[1], match[2] - 1, match[3], match[4], match[5])
+    : NaN;
+}
+
+const LASTUPDATE_URL = `${EXPORTS_URL}lastupdate.txt`;
+
+/**
+ * The time of the newest events export GDELT lists as published, in ms, or
+ * null when its list cannot be read. Asking for one not listed yet would
+ * be answered 404, and GDELT's CDN keeps that 404 for an hour.
+ */
+export async function fetchLatestExport({ fetchImpl, signal } = {}) {
+  try {
+    const response = await fetchImpl(LASTUPDATE_URL, {
+      redirect: 'error',
+      signal: signal
+        ? AbortSignal.any([signal, AbortSignal.timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)])
+        : AbortSignal.timeout(TIMEOUT_MS),
+    });
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      await response.body?.cancel?.().catch?.(() => {});
+      return null;
+    }
+    const text = new TextDecoder().decode(
+      await readResponseBytesCapped(response, 16 * 1024, signal),
+    );
+    const at = exportAt(
+      /\S+\.export\.CSV\.zip/.exec(text)?.[0].replace(/^http:/, 'https:') || '',
+    );
+    return Number.isFinite(at) ? at : null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/** The GKG export of the same quarter hour as an events export. */
+export const gkgUrl = (eventsUrl) =>
+  eventsUrl.replace(/\.export\.CSV\.zip$/, '.gkg.csv.zip');
+
+/** The day's exports up to `now`, newest first. */
+export function exportsOfDay(now, hours = 24) {
+  const urls = [];
+  const last = Math.floor(now / STEP_MS) * STEP_MS;
+  for (let ms = last; ms > now - hours * 3_600_000; ms -= STEP_MS)
+    urls.push(exportUrl(ms));
+  return urls;
+}
+
+/** The one table inside an export's zip, as text, up to `maxBytes`. */
+export async function unzipExport(bytes, maxBytes = MAX_TABLE_BYTES) {
+  const view = new DataView(bytes.buffer, bytes.byteOffset, bytes.byteLength);
+  const fail = () => {
+    throw new UpstreamError('GDELT export unreadable', { unreadable: true });
+  };
+  if (bytes.length < 30 || view.getUint32(0, true) !== 0x04034b50) fail();
+  // The central directory has the sizes; a local header may leave them 0.
+  let eocd = -1;
+  for (let i = bytes.length - 22; i >= Math.max(0, bytes.length - 0x10015); i--)
+    if (view.getUint32(i, true) === 0x06054b50) {
+      eocd = i;
+      break;
+    }
+  if (eocd < 0) fail();
+  const dir = view.getUint32(eocd + 16, true);
+  if (dir + 46 > bytes.length || view.getUint32(dir, true) !== 0x02014b50)
+    fail();
+  const method = view.getUint16(dir + 10, true);
+  const compressed = view.getUint32(dir + 20, true);
+  const local = view.getUint32(dir + 42, true);
+  if (local + 30 > bytes.length || view.getUint32(local, true) !== 0x04034b50)
+    fail();
+  const start =
+    local +
+    30 +
+    view.getUint16(local + 26, true) +
+    view.getUint16(local + 28, true);
+  if (start + compressed > bytes.length) fail();
+  const data = bytes.subarray(start, start + compressed);
+  try {
+    if (method === 0 && data.length > maxBytes) fail();
+    const table =
+      method === 0
+        ? data
+        : method === 8
+          ? await inflate(data, { maxOutputLength: maxBytes })
+          : fail();
+    return new TextDecoder().decode(table);
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error instanceof UpstreamError) throw error;
+    return fail();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An article's address as the reports carry it: https, an http one
+ * upgraded (GDELT keeps the address as it found it), else null.
+ */
+export const articleLink = (value) =>
+  webLink(value) || webLink(String(value ?? '').replace(/^http:/, 'https:'));
+
+/**
+ * The placed events of an export's table, of the stories with physical
+ * violence in them: those events, and every other placed event of the same
+ * stories (they help place it).
+ */
+export function parseEvents(table) {
+  const all = [];
+  for (const line of table.split('\n')) {
+    const f = line.split('\t');
+    if (f.length < 61) continue;
+    const violent =
+      f[COL.quadClass] === '4' && ['18', '19', '20'].includes(f[COL.rootCode]);
+    const precision = PRECISION[f[COL.geoType]];
+    const lat = Number(f[COL.lat]);
+    const lon = Number(f[COL.lon]);
+    const url = articleLink(f[COL.url]);
+    const added = /^(\d{4})(\d\d)(\d\d)(\d\d)(\d\d)(\d\d)$/.exec(f[COL.added]);
+    if (
+      !precision ||
+      !f[COL.lat] ||
+      !f[COL.lon] ||
+      !Number.isFinite(lat) ||
+      !Number.isFinite(lon) ||
+      Math.abs(lat) > 90 ||
+      Math.abs(lon) > 180 ||
+      (lat === 0 && lon === 0) ||
+      !url ||
+      !added
+    )
+      continue;
+    all.push({
+      id: f[COL.id],
+      code: f[COL.eventCode],
+      violent,
+      lat,
+      lon,
+      place: f[COL.place].trim() || null,
+      precision,
+      mentions: Math.max(1, Number(f[COL.mentions]) || 1),
+      addedAt: `${added[1]}-${added[2]}-${added[3]}T${added[4]}:${added[5]}:${added[6]}.000Z`,
+      url,
+    });
+  }
+  const stories = new Set(all.filter((e) => e.violent).map(storyKey));
+  return all.filter((e) => stories.has(storyKey(e)));
+}
+
+/**
+ * The words of an article's address, when it is written in them
+ * ("three-children-die-in-peshawar-cylinder-exp"), as a sentence; else null.
+ */
+export function addressWords(url) {
+  let path;
+  try {
+    path = decodeURIComponent(new URL(url).pathname);
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const segment = path
+    .split('/')
+    .map((part) => part.replace(/\.(?:s?html?|php|aspx?)$/i, ''))
+    .filter((part) => /[-_]/.test(part))
+    .sort((a, b) => b.length - a.length)[0];
+  if (!segment) return null;
+  const words = segment.split(/[-_]+/).filter(Boolean);
+  const lettered = words.filter((word) => /^\p{L}+$/u.test(word));
+  if (lettered.length < 4 || lettered.length < 0.7 * words.length) return null;
+  // Numbers stay ("killed nearly 500"); an id does not: a word of letters
+  // and digits, five digits or more, or four or more at either end.
+  const kept = words.filter(
+    (word, i) =>
+      /^\p{L}+$/u.test(word) ||
+      (/^\d{1,4}$/.test(word) &&
+        !(word.length === 4 && (i === 0 || i === words.length - 1))),
+  );
+  const text = kept.slice(0, MAX_ADDRESS_WORDS).join(' ').toLowerCase();
+  return text.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + text.slice(1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Address words with the places the story is at written as names
+ * ("killed in amman" → "killed in Amman"), and "u s" as "US".
+ */
+export function withNames(words, places) {
+  let text = words.replace(/(?<![\p{L}])u s(?![\p{L}])/gu, 'US');
+  const names = new Set(
+    places.flatMap((place) =>
+      String(place.place ?? '')
+        .split(',')
+        .map((part) => part.replace(/\(.*?\)/g, '').trim())
+        .filter((part) => part.length > 2 && !/\(general\)/.test(part)),
+    ),
+  );
+  for (const name of names) {
+    const pattern = new RegExp(
+      `(?<![\\p{L}])${name.toLowerCase().replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&')}(?![\\p{L}])`,
+      'gu',
+    );
+    text = text.replace(pattern, name);
+  }
+  return text.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + text.slice(1);
+}
+
+// A page title's site part: " | The Daily Example", " - Wire Service".
+const SITE_PART = /\s+[|–—-]\s+([^|–—-]{2,60})$/u;
+
+/**
+ * A page title as a headline: entities decoded, the site's name after a
+ * bar or dash taken off (when the headline before it is still one), or
+ * null when it is too short to be one.
+ */
+export function cleanTitle(raw) {
+  // An agency's tag set on with a bare hyphen ("…attack-Newswire", "…-X").
+  let title = unescapeHtml(raw).replace(
+    // After a word in lower case: "Jean-Pierre" keeps its name.
+    /(?<=(?:^|\s)\p{Ll}\p{L}*|[\p{N}'")])-\p{Lu}\p{L}{0,15}$/u,
+    '',
+  );
+  for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+    const match = SITE_PART.exec(title);
+    if (!match) break;
+    const rest = title.slice(0, match.index);
+    if (rest.split(/\s+/).length < 4 || match[1].split(/\s+/).length > 6) break;
+    title = rest;
+  }
+  title = title.trim().slice(0, 300);
+  return title.length >= 12 && title.split(/\s+/).length >= 3 ? title : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * GKG page titles by article address (as articleLink writes it), for the
+ * addresses in `wanted`.
+ */
+export function parseTitles(table, wanted) {
+  const titles = new Map();
+  for (const line of table.split('\n')) {
+    const f = line.split('\t');
+    const url = f[4] && articleLink(f[4]);
+    if (!url || !wanted.has(url)) continue;
+    const match = /<PAGE_TITLE>(.*?)<\/PAGE_TITLE>/s.exec(f.at(-1) || '');
+    const title = match && cleanTitle(match[1]);
+    if (title) titles.set(url, title);
+  }
+  return titles;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The story an event belongs to: its article's address words, which the
+ * copies other outlets run share (an agency story), else its address.
+ */
+export function storyKey(event) {
+  return addressWords(event.url)?.toLowerCase() || event.url;
+}
+
+const PLACE_WORD = (name) =>
+  new RegExp(
+    `(?<![\\p{L}])${name.toLowerCase().replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&')}s?(?![\\p{L}])`,
+    'u',
+  );
+/** Whether the words name a place's town or its country ("jordans" too). */
+function namedIn(words, place) {
+  if (!words || !place) return false;
+  const parts = place
+    .split(',')
+    .map((part) => part.replace(/\(.*?\)/g, '').trim())
+    .filter((part) => part.length > 2);
+  return [parts[0], parts.at(-1)].some(
+    (part) => part && PLACE_WORD(part).test(words.toLowerCase()),
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * A story's places, best first, from all its placed events. GDELT places
+ * an event at a bare country when the text only names a nationality ("a
+ * Sri Lankan embassy", an Australian outlet's own country), so a town or
+ * region wins over a country; of those, the ones the article's own words
+ * name; then the most mentioned.
+ */
+export function choosePlaces(events, words) {
+  const byPlace = new Map();
+  for (const event of events) {
+    const key = `${event.lat},${event.lon}`;
+    const place = byPlace.get(key) || { ...event, mentions: 0 };
+    place.mentions += event.mentions;
+    byPlace.set(key, place);
+  }
+  let places = [...byPlace.values()];
+  const specific = places.filter((p) => p.precision !== 'country');
+  if (specific.length) places = specific;
+  const named = places.filter((p) => namedIn(words, p.place));
+  if (named.length) places = named;
+  return places.sort((a, b) => b.mentions - a.mentions).slice(0, MAX_PLACES);
+}
+
+// The earlier of two events: by the time GDELT added it, then by its id.
+const earlier = (a, b) =>
+  b.addedAt < a.addedAt ||
+  (b.addedAt === a.addedAt && Number(b.id) < Number(a.id))
+    ? b
+    : a;
+
+/**
+ * One report per story (storyKey), its address and id the first copy's (an
+ * export adding a more-mentioned event keeps both), placed by choosePlaces,
+ * titled by a copy's page title (`titleOf`), else its address words, else
+ * its violent event.
+ */
+export function eventReports(events, { titleOf = () => null } = {}) {
+  const stories = new Map();
+  for (const event of events) {
+    const key = storyKey(event);
+    const list = stories.get(key) || [];
+    list.push(event);
+    stories.set(key, list);
+  }
+  const reports = [];
+  for (const list of stories.values()) {
+    const violent = list
+      .filter((e) => e.violent !== false)
+      .sort(
+        (a, b) => b.mentions - a.mentions || a.addedAt.localeCompare(b.addedAt),
+      );
+    if (!violent.length) continue;
+    const [lead] = violent;
+    const first = list.reduce(earlier);
+    const { url } = first;
+    const address = addressWords(url);
+    const places = choosePlaces(list, address);
+    const [, eventCategory, words] = eventKind(lead.code);
+    const page = [url, ...list.map((e) => e.url)]
+      .map((copy) => titleOf(copy))
+      .find(Boolean);
+    const own = page || (address ? withNames(address, places) : null);
+    const title = own || eventTitle(words, places[0].place);
+    // The article's words decide whether it is conflict, as any headline's
+    // would: GDELT codes an election story as "fighting" too. GDELT's code
+    // names the kind only where the words read as conflict without naming
+    // one, or there are no words.
+    const read = own ? categorizeText({ title: own }) : null;
+    const tags = read?.tags || [];
+    const relevance = read
+      ? relevanceOf({ category: read.category, tags, title: own })
+      : 'related';
+    const category =
+      read && read.category !== 'other'
+        ? read.category
+        : relevance === 'minor'
+          ? 'other'
+          : eventCategory;
+    const publisher = new URL(url).hostname.replace(/^www\./, '');
+    const geo = ({ lat, lon, place, precision }) => ({
+      lat,
+      lon,
+      place,
+      precision,
+      confidence: precision === 'city' ? 0.6 : 0.3,
+      mappable: true,
+      method: 'source',
+    });
+    reports.push({
+      id: `gdelt-${first.id}`,
+      title,
+      url,
+      publisher,
+      source: { name: publisher, attribution: 'GDELT Project' },
+      kind: 'gdelt',
+      side: 'unknown',
+      category,
+      relevance,
+      severity: Math.max(
+        1,
+        severityByRules({ category, tags, title: own || '' }),
+      ),
+      severityBy: 'rules',
+      publishedAt: first.addedAt,
+      geo: geo(places[0]),
+      locations: places.slice(1).map(geo),
+      media: [],
+      mentions: list.reduce((sum, e) => sum + e.mentions, 0),
+      copies: new Set(list.map((e) => e.url)).size,
+      // A title of the event's words and its place, when the address had
+      // none: a renamed place renames it (eventTitle).
+      ...(own ? {} : { eventWords: words }),
+      titled: page ? 'page' : own ? 'address' : 'event',
+    });
+  }
+  return reports;
+}
+
+/** The title of a report without address words, at its (renamed) place. */
+export const eventTitle = (words, place) =>
+  place ? `${words} in ${place}` : words;
+
+/**
+ * One export's table, or null while GDELT has not published it (GDELT
+ * lists the newest in lastupdate.txt; see fetchLatestExport).
+ */
+async function fetchTable(url, { fetchImpl, signal, maxBytes, tableBytes }) {
+  let response;
+  try {
+    response = await fetchImpl(url, {
+      redirect: 'error',
+      signal: signal
+        ? AbortSignal.any([signal, AbortSignal.timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)])
+        : AbortSignal.timeout(TIMEOUT_MS),
+    });
+  } catch {
+    throw new UpstreamError('GDELT exports unreachable');
+  }
+  if (response.status === 404) {
+    await response.body?.cancel?.().catch?.(() => {});
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    await response.body?.cancel?.().catch?.(() => {});
+    throw new UpstreamError(`GDELT exports answered ${response.status}`, {
+      status: response.status,
+    });
+  }
+  let bytes;
+  try {
+    bytes = await readResponseBytesCapped(response, maxBytes, signal);
+  } catch (error) {
+    // Over the cap stays over it; a read cut short may succeed again.
+    throw new UpstreamError('GDELT export unreadable', {
+      unreadable: error?.code === 'RESPONSE_TOO_LARGE',
+    });
+  }
+  return unzipExport(bytes, tableBytes);
+}
+
+/** One events export's events, or null while it is not published yet. */
+export async function fetchExport(url, { fetchImpl, signal } = {}) {
+  const table = await fetchTable(url, {
+    fetchImpl,
+    signal,
+    maxBytes: MAX_ZIP_BYTES,
+    tableBytes: MAX_TABLE_BYTES,
+  });
+  return table === null ? null : parseEvents(table);
+}
+
+/**
+ * The page titles a GKG export holds for the addresses in `wanted`, or null
+ * while it is not published yet.
+ */
+export async function fetchTitles(url, wanted, { fetchImpl, signal } = {}) {
+  const table = await fetchTable(url, {
+    fetchImpl,
+    signal,
+    maxBytes: MAX_GKG_ZIP_BYTES,
+    tableBytes: MAX_GKG_TABLE_BYTES,
+  });
+  return table === null ? null : parseTitles(table, wanted);
+}
diff --git a/server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.test.mjs b/server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d0919080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+
+import {
+  addressWords,
+  cleanTitle,
+  gkgUrl,
+  parseTitles,
+  withNames,
+  eventReports,
+  exportsOfDay,
+  exportUrl,
+  fetchExport,
+  parseEvents,
+  unzipExport,
+} from './gdeltEvents.js';
+import { eventRow, gkgRow, zipTable } from './gdeltFixtures.mjs';
+
+const ARTICLE =
+  'https://www.wire.example/rubric-ato/3912-russian-drones-attack-kharkiv-overnight-three-killed.html';
+
+test('the day is 96 exports, one each quarter hour, newest first', () => {
+  const now = Date.parse('2026-11-05T15:07:30Z');
+  assert.equal(
+    exportUrl(now),
+    'https://data.gdeltproject.org/gdeltv2/20261105150000.export.CSV.zip',
+  );
+  const day = exportsOfDay(now);
+  assert.equal(day.length, 96);
+  assert.equal(
+    day[1],
+    'https://data.gdeltproject.org/gdeltv2/20261105144500.export.CSV.zip',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    day.at(-1),
+    'https://data.gdeltproject.org/gdeltv2/20261104151500.export.CSV.zip',
+  );
+});
+
+test('a story with physical violence is kept with all its placed events', () => {
+  const rows = [
+    eventRow({ id: 1, code: '195', url: ARTICLE }),
+    eventRow({ id: 2, code: '183', url: ARTICLE }),
+    eventRow({ id: 3, code: '2001', url: ARTICLE }),
+    // Not physical, but of the same story: kept to place it by.
+    eventRow({ id: 4, code: '150', url: ARTICLE }),
+    eventRow({ id: 7, code: '190', quad: '3', url: ARTICLE }),
+    // A story with no violence in it is left out.
+    eventRow({
+      id: 5,
+      code: '163',
+      url: 'https://x.example/talks-resume-in-geneva-today-officials',
+    }),
+    eventRow({
+      id: 6,
+      code: '173',
+      url: 'https://x.example/talks-resume-in-geneva-today-officials',
+    }),
+    // Unplaced, at 0,0, or without a link.
+    eventRow({ id: 8, geoType: '0', url: ARTICLE }),
+    eventRow({ id: 9, lat: 0, lon: 0, url: ARTICLE }),
+    eventRow({ id: 10, url: 'javascript:alert(1)' }),
+    'short\trow',
+  ];
+  const events = parseEvents(rows.join('\n'));
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    events.map((e) => [e.id, e.violent]),
+    [
+      ['1', true],
+      ['2', true],
+      ['3', true],
+      ['4', false],
+      ['7', false],
+    ],
+  );
+  assert.equal(events[0].precision, 'city');
+  assert.equal(events[0].addedAt, '2026-11-05T11:45:00.000Z');
+});
+
+test("an article is one report, at its most-mentioned event, in its address's words", () => {
+  const events = parseEvents(
+    [
+      eventRow({ id: 11, code: '195', mentions: 2, url: ARTICLE }),
+      eventRow({
+        id: 12,
+        code: '190',
+        mentions: 9,
+        url: ARTICLE,
+        place: "Kupiansk, Kharkivs'ka Oblast', Ukraine",
+        lat: 49.71,
+        lon: 37.61,
+      }),
+      eventRow({
+        id: 13,
+        code: '190',
+        geoType: '1',
+        place: 'Ukraine',
+        lat: 49,
+        lon: 32,
+        url: 'https://example.com/a/b/12345',
+      }),
+    ].join('\n'),
+  );
+  const [drones, bare] = eventReports(events);
+  // The story's first event (by time, then id) names it.
+  assert.equal(drones.id, 'gdelt-11');
+  // Its address words, with the place it is at written as a name.
+  assert.equal(
+    drones.title,
+    'Russian drones attack Kharkiv overnight three killed',
+  );
+  // Kupiansk has more mentions; the article's own words name Kharkiv.
+  assert.equal(drones.geo.place, "Kharkiv, Kharkivs'ka Oblast', Ukraine");
+  assert.equal(drones.geo.precision, 'city');
+  assert.equal(drones.locations.length, 0, 'Kupiansk is not named');
+  assert.equal(drones.category, 'strike');
+  assert.equal(drones.relevance, 'core');
+  assert.equal(drones.severity, 2);
+  assert.equal(drones.publisher, 'wire.example');
+  assert.equal(drones.source.attribution, 'GDELT Project');
+  assert.equal(drones.side, 'unknown', 'no actor is said');
+  // No words in the address: GDELT's coding, related, at least severity 1.
+  assert.equal(bare.title, 'Fighting reported in Ukraine');
+  assert.equal(bare.category, 'ground');
+  assert.equal(bare.relevance, 'related');
+  assert.equal(bare.severity, 1);
+  assert.equal(bare.geo.precision, 'country');
+});
+
+test('an article GDELT codes as fighting whose words say otherwise stays out of Conflicts', () => {
+  const [report] = eventReports(
+    parseEvents(
+      eventRow({
+        url: 'https://news.example.com/2026/11/05/city-council-approves-new-budget-for-schools',
+        id: 20,
+      }),
+    ),
+  );
+  assert.equal(report.relevance, 'minor');
+});
+
+test('address words need four lettered words, most of the address', () => {
+  assert.equal(addressWords('https://x.example/news/1234567'), null);
+  assert.equal(addressWords('https://x.example/a/lueop1pzfi'), null);
+  assert.equal(
+    addressWords('https://x.example/2026/11/05/a-b-1-2-3-4-5'),
+    null,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    addressWords(
+      'https://x.example/story/2638789/three-children-die-in-peshawar.html',
+    ),
+    'Three children die in peshawar',
+  );
+});
+
+test('an export is unzipped and read; one not published yet is null', async () => {
+  const zip = zipTable(eventRow({ id: 30, code: '193', url: ARTICLE }));
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    parseEvents(await unzipExport(zip)).map((e) => e.id),
+    ['30'],
+  );
+  const served = await fetchExport('https://data.gdeltproject.org/x.zip', {
+    fetchImpl: async () => new Response(zip, { status: 200 }),
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    served.map((e) => e.id),
+    ['30'],
+  );
+  const later = await fetchExport('https://data.gdeltproject.org/y.zip', {
+    fetchImpl: async () => new Response('not found', { status: 404 }),
+  });
+  assert.equal(later, null);
+  await assert.rejects(
+    fetchExport('https://data.gdeltproject.org/z.zip', {
+      fetchImpl: async () => new Response('busy', { status: 503 }),
+    }),
+    { name: 'UpstreamError' },
+  );
+  await assert.rejects(unzipExport(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])), {
+    name: 'UpstreamError',
+  });
+});
+
+test("a nationality is no place: a town the article's words name wins over a bare country", () => {
+  const url =
+    'https://www.sun.example/world/2026/11/05/security-officer-attacked-and-killed-near-sri-lankan-embassy-in-jordans-capital';
+  const amman = { place: 'Amman, (JO11), Jordan', lat: 31.95, lon: 35.9333 };
+  const cairo = { place: 'Cairo, Al Qahirah, Egypt', lat: 30.05, lon: 31.25 };
+  const [report] = eventReports(
+    parseEvents(
+      [
+        // "Sri Lankan embassy": GDELT's most-mentioned place, a bare country.
+        eventRow({
+          id: 1,
+          mentions: 12,
+          geoType: '1',
+          place: 'Sri Lanka',
+          lat: 7,
+          lon: 81,
+          url,
+        }),
+        eventRow({ id: 2, mentions: 6, ...cairo, url }),
+        eventRow({ id: 3, mentions: 4, ...amman, url }),
+        eventRow({ id: 4, mentions: 2, ...amman, url }),
+      ].join('\n'),
+    ),
+  );
+  assert.equal(report.geo.place, 'Amman, (JO11), Jordan');
+  assert.equal(report.geo.precision, 'city');
+});
+
+test('an agency story run by several outlets is one report, placed by all their events', () => {
+  const words = 'jordan-security-officer-killed-near-sri-lanka-embassy';
+  const times = `https://www.times.example/story/9386807/${words}/`;
+  const chronicle = `https://www.chronicle.example/story/9386807/${words}/`;
+  const reports = eventReports(
+    parseEvents(
+      [
+        // The outlet's own country, at country level, on its violent events.
+        eventRow({
+          id: 1,
+          mentions: 6,
+          geoType: '1',
+          place: 'Australia',
+          lat: -25,
+          lon: 135,
+          url: times,
+          added: '20261105141500',
+        }),
+        // Its other events are placed in Jordan.
+        eventRow({
+          id: 2,
+          code: '120',
+          quad: '3',
+          mentions: 8,
+          place: 'Karak, Jordan (general), Jordan',
+          lat: 31.18,
+          lon: 35.7,
+          url: times,
+          added: '20261105141500',
+        }),
+        eventRow({
+          id: 3,
+          mentions: 4,
+          geoType: '1',
+          place: 'Syria',
+          lat: 35,
+          lon: 38,
+          url: chronicle,
+          added: '20261105151500',
+        }),
+      ].join('\n'),
+    ),
+  );
+  assert.equal(reports.length, 1);
+  const [story] = reports;
+  assert.equal(story.copies, 2);
+  assert.equal(story.url, times, 'the first copy');
+  assert.equal(story.publishedAt, '2026-11-05T14:15:00.000Z');
+  assert.equal(story.geo.place, 'Karak, Jordan (general), Jordan');
+});
+
+test("a story's title is a copy's page title from the GKG export", () => {
+  const titles = parseTitles(
+    [
+      gkgRow(
+        ARTICLE,
+        'Russian drones attack Kharkiv overnight, three killed | Wire',
+      ),
+      gkgRow('https://elsewhere.example/a', 'Not one of ours, not kept here'),
+    ].join('\n'),
+    new Set([ARTICLE]),
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [...titles],
+    [[ARTICLE, 'Russian drones attack Kharkiv overnight, three killed']],
+  );
+  const [report] = eventReports(
+    parseEvents(eventRow({ id: 1, url: ARTICLE })),
+    {
+      titleOf: (url) => titles.get(url) || null,
+    },
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    report.title,
+    'Russian drones attack Kharkiv overnight, three killed',
+  );
+  assert.equal(report.titled, 'page');
+  assert.equal(
+    gkgUrl(
+      'https://data.gdeltproject.org/gdeltv2/20261105141500.export.CSV.zip',
+    ),
+    'https://data.gdeltproject.org/gdeltv2/20261105141500.gkg.csv.zip',
+  );
+});
+
+test('a page title loses its site name, keeps its words, and must be a headline', () => {
+  assert.equal(
+    cleanTitle(
+      'Yemen&#039;s president sacks ministers | Yemen | The Daily Example',
+    ),
+    "Yemen's president sacks ministers",
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    cleanTitle('Strike in Kharkiv - live updates - Wire Service'),
+    'Strike in Kharkiv - live updates',
+  );
+  // Too little before the dash: the dash is part of the headline.
+  assert.equal(cleanTitle('Iran - Wire Service'), 'Iran - Wire Service');
+  assert.equal(cleanTitle('Home'), null);
+  assert.equal(
+    cleanTitle('Jordanian security officer killed in stabbing attack-Newswire'),
+    'Jordanian security officer killed in stabbing attack',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    cleanTitle('Five killed in Gaza, sources say-X'),
+    'Five killed in Gaza, sources say',
+  );
+  // A hyphenated name is no tag.
+  assert.equal(
+    cleanTitle('Talks resume with Jean-Pierre'),
+    'Talks resume with Jean-Pierre',
+  );
+});
+
+test('address words keep their numbers and name the places the story is at', () => {
+  const words = addressWords(
+    'https://x.example/2026/11/05/jordan-says-u-s-envoy-met-officials-in-amman-after-500-killed',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    words,
+    'Jordan says u s envoy met officials in amman after 500 killed',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    withNames(words, [{ place: 'Amman, (JO11), Jordan' }]),
+    'Jordan says US envoy met officials in Amman after 500 killed',
+  );
+});
+
+test("a story's id is its first event's: a later, more-mentioned event keeps it", () => {
+  const first = eventRow({ id: 40, mentions: 1, url: ARTICLE });
+  const [before] = eventReports(parseEvents(first));
+  const [after] = eventReports(
+    parseEvents(
+      [
+        first,
+        eventRow({
+          id: 41,
+          code: '195',
+          mentions: 30,
+          url: ARTICLE,
+          added: '20261105120000',
+        }),
+      ].join('\n'),
+    ),
+  );
+  assert.equal(before.id, 'gdelt-40');
+  assert.equal(after.id, 'gdelt-40');
+  assert.equal(after.mentions, 31);
+});
+
+test('words that read as no conflict leave GDELT no kind to name', () => {
+  const [report] = eventReports(
+    parseEvents(
+      eventRow({
+        id: 42,
+        code: '195',
+        url: 'https://x.example/2026/11/05/local-bakery-celebrates-fifty-years-of-baking',
+      }),
+    ),
+  );
+  assert.equal(report.relevance, 'minor');
+  assert.equal(report.category, 'other');
+});
+
+test('a GKG address written with http is the https one the events carry', () => {
+  const plain = ARTICLE.replace('https:', 'http:');
+  const [event] = parseEvents(eventRow({ id: 43, url: plain }));
+  assert.equal(event.url, ARTICLE);
+  const titles = parseTitles(
+    gkgRow(plain, 'Russian drones attack Kharkiv overnight, three killed'),
+    new Set([event.url]),
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    titles.get(ARTICLE),
+    'Russian drones attack Kharkiv overnight, three killed',
+  );
+});
+
+test('a corrupt or oversized export is an UpstreamError, never a RangeError', async () => {
+  const zip = zipTable(eventRow({ id: 44, url: ARTICLE }));
+  const view = new DataView(zip.buffer);
+  // The central directory's local header offset, pointing past the end.
+  const dir = view.getUint32(zip.length - 22 + 16, true);
+  const far = zip.slice();
+  new DataView(far.buffer).setUint32(dir + 42, zip.length - 10, true);
+  await assert.rejects(unzipExport(far), { name: 'UpstreamError' });
+  // The end record cut short.
+  await assert.rejects(unzipExport(zip.subarray(0, zip.length - 30)), {
+    name: 'UpstreamError',
+  });
+  // Unzipped past the table's cap.
+  await assert.rejects(unzipExport(zip, 16), { name: 'UpstreamError' });
+  assert.equal((await unzipExport(zip)).length > 16, true);
+});
diff --git a/server/providers/news/gdeltFixtures.mjs b/server/providers/news/gdeltFixtures.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08b947525
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/providers/news/gdeltFixtures.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Test fixtures: GDELT 2.0 export rows and their zip, as the export files
+// carry them (61 tab-separated columns, one zipped table).
+import { deflateRawSync } from 'node:zlib';
+
+/** One events row; only the columns the reader looks at are filled. */
+export function eventRow({
+  id,
+  code = '190',
+  quad = '4',
+  mentions = 1,
+  geoType = '4',
+  place = "Kharkiv, Kharkivs'ka Oblast', Ukraine",
+  lat = 49.9935,
+  lon = 36.2304,
+  added = '20261105114500',
+  url,
+}) {
+  const f = new Array(61).fill('');
+  f[0] = String(id);
+  f[26] = code;
+  f[28] = code.slice(0, 2);
+  f[29] = quad;
+  f[31] = String(mentions);
+  f[51] = geoType;
+  f[52] = place;
+  f[56] = String(lat);
+  f[57] = String(lon);
+  f[59] = added;
+  f[60] = url;
+  return f.join('\t');
+}
+
+/** One GKG 2.1 row: an article's address and its page title (27 columns). */
+export function gkgRow(url, title) {
+  const f = new Array(27).fill('');
+  f[4] = url;
+  f[26] = `<PAGE_PRECISEPUBTIMESTAMP>20261105114500</PAGE_PRECISEPUBTIMESTAMP><PAGE_TITLE>${title}</PAGE_TITLE>`;
+  return f.join('\t');
+}
+
+/** A single-entry zip of `text`, deflated, sizes in the central directory. */
+export function zipTable(text, name = 'table.export.CSV') {
+  const data = Buffer.from(text, 'utf8');
+  const packed = deflateRawSync(data);
+  const nameBytes = Buffer.from(name);
+  const local = Buffer.alloc(30);
+  local.writeUInt32LE(0x04034b50, 0);
+  local.writeUInt16LE(20, 4);
+  local.writeUInt16LE(0x08, 6); // sizes follow the data (left 0 here)
+  local.writeUInt16LE(8, 8);
+  local.writeUInt16LE(nameBytes.length, 26);
+  const dir = Buffer.alloc(46);
+  dir.writeUInt32LE(0x02014b50, 0);
+  dir.writeUInt16LE(20, 4);
+  dir.writeUInt16LE(20, 6);
+  dir.writeUInt16LE(0x08, 8);
+  dir.writeUInt16LE(8, 10);
+  dir.writeUInt32LE(packed.length, 20);
+  dir.writeUInt32LE(data.length, 24);
+  dir.writeUInt16LE(nameBytes.length, 28);
+  dir.writeUInt32LE(0, 42);
+  const dirAt = local.length + nameBytes.length + packed.length;
+  const end = Buffer.alloc(22);
+  end.writeUInt32LE(0x06054b50, 0);
+  end.writeUInt16LE(1, 8);
+  end.writeUInt16LE(1, 10);
+  end.writeUInt32LE(dir.length + nameBytes.length, 12);
+  end.writeUInt32LE(dirAt, 16);
+  return new Uint8Array(
+    Buffer.concat([local, nameBytes, packed, dir, nameBytes, end]),
+  );
+}
diff --git a/server/providers/news/keyed.js b/server/providers/news/keyed.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a89d7a69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/providers/news/keyed.js
@@ -0,0 +1,851 @@
+// The News layer's routes answered by Core itself, when no news server is
+// configured (GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN). Conflicts: the day's GDELT events (no key;
+// gdeltEvents.js), one report per article at GDELT's place for it, and with
+// LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY Liveuamap's mapped items too. Local: World News API
+// (WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY) by the country at the view centre; without its key the
+// section answers 503 {error: 'no_key', key} and reads nothing, and past
+// its day's reads (WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS) 503 {error: 'key_quota', key}.
+// Categories, relevance and severity are the shared rules (categorize.js);
+// a news server may replace these readings with its own.
+//
+// A read that has something to serve is not waited for: what was read is
+// served while it is read again. A section that cannot be read answers 502,
+// never an empty list.
+//
+// The answers are the same /api/news contract a news server serves
+// (src/layers/news/records.js reads both).
+
+import {
+  CATEGORY_ORDER,
+  categorizeText,
+  relevanceOf,
+  severityByRules,
+} from './categorize.js';
+import {
+  areaAt,
+  countryAnchor,
+  countryByCode,
+  countryPolygons,
+} from './areas.js';
+import {
+  eventReports,
+  fetchLatestExport,
+  eventTitle,
+  exportAt,
+  exportsOfDay,
+  fetchExport,
+  fetchTitles,
+  gkgUrl,
+  storyKey,
+} from './gdeltEvents.js';
+import { fetchLiveuamap, fetchWorldNews, UpstreamError } from './upstream.js';
+
+/** The keys each section reads with, by the key registry's id. */
+export const NEWS_KEYS = Object.freeze({
+  liveuamap: 'LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY',
+  worldnewsapi: 'WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY',
+});
+
+/** The one hotspot: the world, its reports drawn as markers at every zoom. */
+export const WORLDWIDE_HOTSPOT = 'worldwide';
+const HOUR_MS = 3_600_000;
+const DAY_MS = 24 * HOUR_MS;
+// GDELT publishes an export every 15 minutes and lists the newest in
+// lastupdate.txt: the day's missing ones up to it are read every 5 minutes,
+// newest first, a dozen a read (the first day's 96 fill in over the next
+// reads, a few seconds apart, while each reads something new). One listed
+// but missing (404) an hour and a half after its time is taken as never
+// published; one that fails GDELT_EXPORT_TRIES times, or cannot be read at
+// all, is given up on, so one bad file never holds the rest back. The first
+// answer waits at most GDELT_FIRST_MS for the first exports.
+const GDELT_FRESH_MS = 5 * 60_000;
+const GDELT_EXPORTS_PER_READ = 12;
+const GDELT_PARALLEL = 4;
+const GDELT_NEXT_MS = 2_000;
+const GDELT_GONE_MS = 90 * 60_000;
+const GDELT_EXPORT_TRIES = 3;
+const GDELT_FIRST_MS = 12_000;
+const MAX_GDELT_REPORTS = 5000;
+// Events kept of one story, to place it by.
+const MAX_STORY_EVENTS = 200;
+// Page titles are read from the GKG exports of the newest three hours: one
+// runs to 6 MB, so the day's 96 are not fetched. A file that fails is tried
+// with the next reads, a few times.
+const GDELT_TITLED_EXPORTS = 12;
+const GKG_TRIES = 3;
+const LIVE_FRESH_MS = 5 * 60_000;
+const COUNTRY_FRESH_MS = 30 * 60_000;
+// A failed read is not tried again for a minute; what was read before is
+// served meanwhile, up to these ages (GDELT's: since an export last came in).
+const RETRY_MS = 60_000;
+const GDELT_STALE_MS = 2 * HOUR_MS;
+const LIVE_STALE_MS = HOUR_MS;
+const COUNTRY_STALE_MS = 6 * HOUR_MS;
+const MAX_COUNTRIES = 64;
+// World News API reads a UTC day, across all countries: each is about 1.5
+// of the free plan's 50 daily points.
+const DEFAULT_DAILY_READS = 30;
+const DEFAULT_LIMIT = 50;
+const EMPTY_OUTLINE = Object.freeze({
+  polygons: [],
+  borders: [],
+  disputed: [],
+  area: null,
+});
+// World News API's categories, where the rules find none of their own.
+const WORLD_NEWS_CATEGORY = { politics: 'political', business: 'economy' };
+
+const list = (value) =>
+  value ? new Set(value.split(',').filter(Boolean)) : null;
+
+/** The rules' reading of a headline: category, relevance and severity. */
+function readTitle(title, { dedicated, fallback = null }) {
+  const read = categorizeText({ title });
+  const category =
+    read.category === 'other' && fallback ? fallback : read.category;
+  return {
+    category,
+    relevance: relevanceOf({ category, tags: read.tags, title, dedicated }),
+    severity: severityByRules({ category, tags: read.tags, title }),
+  };
+}
+
+/** A one-report event carrying the report's picture, for its card. */
+function pictureEvent(id, report, image, video, publisher) {
+  return {
+    id,
+    status: 'single',
+    size: 1,
+    reports: 1,
+    severity: report.severity,
+    firstAt: report.publishedAt,
+    lastAt: report.publishedAt,
+    sides: [],
+    image: { url: image, publisher, ...(video ? { video } : {}) },
+  };
+}
+
+const media = ({ image, video }) =>
+  video ? ['video'] : image ? ['photo'] : [];
+
+/** A Liveuamap item as a report of the Conflicts section. */
+export function liveuamapReport(item) {
+  const id = `lum-${item.id}`;
+  const report = {
+    id,
+    hotspotId: WORLDWIDE_HOTSPOT,
+    hotspotIds: [WORLDWIDE_HOTSPOT],
+    title: item.title,
+    url: item.url,
+    publisher: 'Liveuamap',
+    source: { name: 'Liveuamap' },
+    kind: 'liveuamap',
+    side: 'unknown',
+    // A conflict map: everything it posts is at least related.
+    ...readTitle(item.title, { dedicated: true }),
+    severityBy: 'rules',
+    publishedAt: item.publishedAt,
+    geo: {
+      lat: item.lat,
+      lon: item.lon,
+      place: item.place,
+      precision: 'city',
+      confidence: 1,
+      mappable: true,
+      method: 'source',
+    },
+    media: media(item),
+  };
+  if (item.image)
+    report.event = pictureEvent(
+      id,
+      report,
+      item.image,
+      item.video,
+      'Liveuamap',
+    );
+  return report;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A GDELT place named by its town and the area Natural Earth has there (a
+ * disputed area as itself, else the country): GDELT's own names follow old
+ * FIPS regions ("Bureij, Yerushalayim, Israel" for a camp in Gaza, "Abuja,
+ * …, Niger" for Nigeria's capital). Its point stays. A town a disputed
+ * area is named after ("Jerusalem" in East Jerusalem) lies on both sides
+ * of its line: GDELT puts the whole city at one point, so it is named as
+ * the town alone.
+ */
+export function gdeltPlace(geo) {
+  const area = areaAt(geo.lat, geo.lon);
+  const town = String(geo.place ?? '')
+    .split(',')[0]
+    .trim();
+  const straddles =
+    area?.kind === 'disputed' &&
+    town &&
+    area.name.toLowerCase().includes(town.toLowerCase());
+  const place =
+    geo.precision === 'country' && area?.kind === 'country'
+      ? area.name
+      : straddles
+        ? town
+        : [town, area?.name].filter(Boolean).join(', ');
+  return { ...geo, place: place || null };
+}
+
+/**
+ * A World News API article as a report of the Local section: placed in its
+ * publisher's country alone, at a point inside it.
+ */
+export function worldNewsReport(article, country) {
+  const id = `wna-${article.id}`;
+  const anchor = countryAnchor(country);
+  const report = {
+    id,
+    hotspotId: null,
+    hotspotIds: [],
+    title: article.title,
+    url: article.url,
+    publisher: article.publisher,
+    // World News API's free plan asks to be credited where its news shows.
+    source: { name: article.publisher, attribution: 'World News API' },
+    kind: 'worldnewsapi',
+    side: 'unknown',
+    ...readTitle(article.title, {
+      dedicated: false,
+      fallback: WORLD_NEWS_CATEGORY[article.category] || null,
+    }),
+    // Local news: what the country's own outlets publish.
+    relevance: 'minor',
+    severityBy: 'rules',
+    publishedAt: article.publishedAt,
+    geo: {
+      lat: anchor.lat,
+      lon: anchor.lon,
+      place: country.name,
+      precision: 'country',
+      confidence: 1,
+      mappable: true,
+      method: 'source',
+    },
+    media: media(article),
+  };
+  if (article.image)
+    report.event = pictureEvent(
+      id,
+      report,
+      article.image,
+      article.video,
+      article.publisher,
+    );
+  return report;
+}
+
+const AT = /^(-?\d{1,2}(?:\.\d{1,2})?),(-?\d{1,3}(?:\.\d{1,2})?)$/;
+function point(value) {
+  const match = AT.exec(String(value ?? ''));
+  if (!match) return null;
+  const [lat, lon] = [Number(match[1]), Number(match[2])];
+  return Math.abs(lat) <= 90 && Math.abs(lon) <= 180 ? { lat, lon } : null;
+}
+
+const noKey = (key) => ({ status: 503, body: { error: 'no_key', key } });
+const rejectedKey = (key) => ({
+  status: 503,
+  body: { error: 'key_rejected', key },
+});
+const spentKey = (key) => ({ status: 503, body: { error: 'key_quota', key } });
+
+/**
+ * The keyed news routes. `answer(path, params)` resolves to `{status, body}`
+ * for `/hotspots`, `/feed` and `/outline`, whose queries the proxy has
+ * already checked against the client's allowlist. `later(run, ms)` runs
+ * the next GDELT read of a day still filling in (an unref'd timer).
+ * @param {{env?: () => object, fetchImpl?: typeof fetch, now?: () => number, log?: (message: string) => void, later?: (run: () => void, ms: number) => void}} [options]
+ */
+export function createKeyedNews({
+  env = () => process.env,
+  fetchImpl = (...args) => globalThis.fetch(...args),
+  now = () => Date.now(),
+  log = (message) => console.warn(message),
+  later = (run, ms) => setTimeout(run, ms).unref(),
+} = {}) {
+  const keyOf = (id) => String(env()[NEWS_KEYS[id]] ?? '').trim();
+  const inFlight = new Map();
+  // GDELT's stories of the last day (their events and report, by
+  // storyKey), and the exports read.
+  const gdelt = {
+    stories: new Map(),
+    reports: new Map(),
+    // Page titles by article address, of the stories kept.
+    titles: new Map(),
+    read: new Set(),
+    // Exports still missing well after their time: not looked for again.
+    gone: new Set(),
+    // Failed reads of each export not read yet.
+    failures: new Map(),
+    // Exports read among the newest whose GKG titles are not in yet, with
+    // the tries made: `{tries, triedAt}`.
+    untitled: new Map(),
+    titling: null,
+    // When a read last brought an export in, with nothing failing.
+    readAt: null,
+    checkedAt: null,
+    failedAt: null,
+  };
+  const live = new Map();
+  const countries = new Map();
+  // The keys refused so far, by section: logged once each.
+  const refused = new Set();
+  // World News API reads of the UTC day; `spent` once it answered 402.
+  const budget = { day: null, reads: 0, spent: false, logged: false };
+  // The area (disputed area or country) each placed Conflicts report lies
+  // in, looked up once.
+  const reportAreas = new WeakMap();
+  const reportArea = (report) => {
+    if (!reportAreas.has(report))
+      reportAreas.set(
+        report,
+        report.geo
+          ? (areaAt(report.geo.lat, report.geo.lon)?.key ?? null)
+          : null,
+      );
+    return reportAreas.get(report);
+  };
+
+  /** A failed read in the log: a refused key once, never the key itself. */
+  function logFailure(section, what, key, error) {
+    // The day's reads spent: said once, by spendRead.
+    if (error.quota && error.status === null) return;
+    if (error.rejected) {
+      const id = `${section}\0${key}`;
+      if (refused.has(id)) return;
+      refused.add(id);
+      log(
+        `[news] ${NEWS_KEYS[section]} was refused (${error.status})${section === 'liveuamap' ? "; Conflicts are GDELT's alone" : ''}`,
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    log(`[news] ${what} read failed: ${error.message}`);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A cached read (`{key, value, readAt, failedAt, error}`, kept in `store`
+   * under `id`): served as it is within `freshMs`; past that read again,
+   * and served meanwhile up to `staleMs`, so only a read with nothing to
+   * serve is waited for. One read at a time per key; a failed read is tried
+   * again after RETRY_MS. A new key drops what the old one read.
+   */
+  async function cached(
+    store,
+    id,
+    { section, key, freshMs, staleMs, read, what },
+  ) {
+    const at = now();
+    const stored = store.get(id);
+    const prior = stored?.key === key ? stored : { key };
+    if (prior.value && at - prior.readAt < freshMs) return prior;
+    if (prior.failedAt && at - prior.failedAt < RETRY_MS) return prior;
+    const flight = `${id}\0${key}`;
+    if (!inFlight.has(flight))
+      inFlight.set(
+        flight,
+        read(key)
+          .then(
+            (value) => ({ key, value, readAt: now() }),
+            (error) => {
+              logFailure(section, what, key, error);
+              return { ...prior, failedAt: now(), error };
+            },
+          )
+          .then((entry) => {
+            // A read with a key replaced meanwhile is dropped.
+            if (keyOf(section) === key) keep(store, id, entry);
+            return entry;
+          })
+          .finally(() => inFlight.delete(flight)),
+      );
+    if (prior.value && at - prior.readAt < staleMs) return prior;
+    return inFlight.get(flight);
+  }
+
+  /** An entry stored as the most recently used (the countries are capped). */
+  function keep(store, id, entry) {
+    store.delete(id);
+    store.set(id, entry);
+    while (store.size > MAX_COUNTRIES) store.delete(store.keys().next().value);
+  }
+
+  /** An entry's reports while they may be served, else why there are none. */
+  function served(entry, staleMs, id) {
+    if (entry.value && now() - entry.readAt < staleMs)
+      return { reports: entry.value, readAt: entry.readAt };
+    if (entry.error?.rejected) return { rejected: id };
+    if (entry.error?.quota) return { quota: id };
+    return { failed: true };
+  }
+
+  async function liveuamapReports() {
+    const key = keyOf('liveuamap');
+    if (!key) return { missing: 'liveuamap' };
+    const entry = await cached(live, 'liveuamap', {
+      section: 'liveuamap',
+      key,
+      freshMs: LIVE_FRESH_MS,
+      staleMs: LIVE_STALE_MS,
+      what: 'liveuamap',
+      read: async (k) =>
+        (await fetchLiveuamap({ key: k, fetchImpl, now: now() }))
+          .map(liveuamapReport)
+          .sort((a, b) => b.publishedAt.localeCompare(a.publishedAt)),
+    });
+    return served(entry, LIVE_STALE_MS, 'liveuamap');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A story placed (again) from all its events and the titles in: an
+   * agency story run by several outlets is one report.
+   */
+  function placeStory(key) {
+    const [report] = eventReports(gdelt.stories.get(key), {
+      titleOf: (url) => gdelt.titles.get(url) || null,
+    });
+    if (!report) return;
+    const { eventWords, ...rest } = report;
+    const geo = gdeltPlace(report.geo);
+    gdelt.reports.set(key, {
+      ...rest,
+      ...(eventWords ? { title: eventTitle(eventWords, geo.place) } : {}),
+      hotspotId: WORLDWIDE_HOTSPOT,
+      hotspotIds: [WORLDWIDE_HOTSPOT],
+      geo,
+      locations: report.locations.map(gdeltPlace),
+    });
+  }
+
+  /** An export's events into their stories, each placed again. */
+  function addEvents(events) {
+    const changed = new Set();
+    for (const event of events) {
+      const key = storyKey(event);
+      const list = gdelt.stories.get(key) || [];
+      if (list.length < MAX_STORY_EVENTS) list.push(event);
+      gdelt.stories.set(key, list);
+      changed.add(key);
+    }
+    for (const key of changed) placeStory(key);
+  }
+
+  /** The stories a GKG export titled, re-titled. */
+  function addTitles(titles) {
+    for (const [key, list] of gdelt.stories) {
+      const titled = list.filter((event) => titles.has(event.url));
+      if (!titled.length) continue;
+      for (const { url } of titled) gdelt.titles.set(url, titles.get(url));
+      placeStory(key);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The page titles of the newest exports read, from their GKG exports one
+   * at a time (each runs to 18 MB unzipped), in the background: no answer
+   * waits for them, and a story is re-titled as its title comes in. A file
+   * that fails or is not up yet only leaves address words: it is tried
+   * again with a later read while among the newest, up to GKG_TRIES times.
+   */
+  function readTitles() {
+    gdelt.titling ??= (async () => {
+      let failed = null;
+      for (const [url, tried] of [...gdelt.untitled]) {
+        if (!gdelt.untitled.has(url)) continue;
+        if (tried.triedAt !== null && now() - tried.triedAt < GDELT_FRESH_MS)
+          continue;
+        tried.tries += 1;
+        tried.triedAt = now();
+        const wanted = new Set();
+        for (const list of gdelt.stories.values())
+          for (const event of list) wanted.add(event.url);
+        let titles = null;
+        try {
+          titles = await fetchTitles(gkgUrl(url), wanted, { fetchImpl });
+        } catch (error) {
+          failed ??= error;
+        }
+        if (titles || tried.tries >= GKG_TRIES) gdelt.untitled.delete(url);
+        if (titles?.size) addTitles(titles);
+      }
+      if (failed) log(`[news] gdelt titles read failed: ${failed.message}`);
+    })()
+      .catch((error) => log(`[news] gdelt titles failed: ${error.message}`))
+      .finally(() => {
+        gdelt.titling = null;
+      });
+    return gdelt.titling;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Up to a dozen of the day's exports not read yet, newest first; whether
+   * to carry on at once (the round brought one in, and more are missing).
+   * One not up yet is looked for again; one still missing GDELT_GONE_MS
+   * after its time is not.
+   */
+  async function readExports() {
+    const at = now();
+    const day = exportsOfDay(at);
+    // Up to the newest GDELT lists; all of the day when its list fails.
+    const latest = await fetchLatestExport({ fetchImpl });
+    const listed = (url) => latest === null || exportAt(url) <= latest;
+    const newest = new Set(day.slice(0, GDELT_TITLED_EXPORTS));
+    const wanted = (url) =>
+      listed(url) && !gdelt.read.has(url) && !gdelt.gone.has(url);
+    const missing = day.filter(wanted).slice(0, GDELT_EXPORTS_PER_READ);
+    let failed = null;
+    let added = 0;
+    const failing = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < missing.length; i += GDELT_PARALLEL)
+      await Promise.all(
+        missing.slice(i, i + GDELT_PARALLEL).map(async (url) => {
+          let events;
+          try {
+            events = await fetchExport(url, { fetchImpl });
+          } catch (error) {
+            failed = error;
+            // An unreadable file stays so.
+            if (error.unreadable) gdelt.gone.add(url);
+            else failing.push(url);
+            return;
+          }
+          if (!events) {
+            if (at - exportAt(url) >= GDELT_GONE_MS) gdelt.gone.add(url);
+            return;
+          }
+          // The events count now; the titles follow (readTitles).
+          gdelt.read.add(url);
+          gdelt.failures.delete(url);
+          added += 1;
+          gdelt.readAt = now();
+          addEvents(events);
+          if (newest.has(url))
+            gdelt.untitled.set(url, { tries: 0, triedAt: null });
+        }),
+      );
+    if (failed) log(`[news] gdelt read failed: ${failed.message}`);
+    // A file that fails while others read is that file's fault, and gets a
+    // few tries; when none read, GDELT itself is down and no file is blamed.
+    if (added)
+      for (const url of failing) {
+        const tries = (gdelt.failures.get(url) || 0) + 1;
+        gdelt.failures.set(url, tries);
+        if (tries >= GDELT_EXPORT_TRIES) gdelt.gone.add(url);
+      }
+    // Nothing read and a failure: tried again after RETRY_MS, not after
+    // GDELT_FRESH_MS. Something read: the round counts.
+    if (failed && !added) gdelt.failedAt = now();
+    else {
+      gdelt.checkedAt = now();
+      gdelt.failedAt = null;
+    }
+    // Only the day is kept, and titled while among the newest.
+    const kept = new Set(day);
+    for (const set of [gdelt.read, gdelt.gone])
+      for (const url of set) if (!kept.has(url)) set.delete(url);
+    for (const url of gdelt.failures.keys())
+      if (!kept.has(url)) gdelt.failures.delete(url);
+    for (const url of gdelt.untitled.keys())
+      if (!newest.has(url)) gdelt.untitled.delete(url);
+    return (
+      added > 0 && missing.length === GDELT_EXPORTS_PER_READ && day.some(wanted)
+    );
+  }
+
+  /** GDELT's reports of the last day, newest first, or `{failed}`. */
+  async function gdeltReports() {
+    const at = now();
+    const fresh = gdelt.checkedAt && at - gdelt.checkedAt < GDELT_FRESH_MS;
+    const resting = gdelt.failedAt && at - gdelt.failedAt < RETRY_MS;
+    if (!fresh && !resting && !inFlight.has('gdelt')) {
+      const round = readExports()
+        .then(
+          (more) => {
+            // More of the day to fill in: carry on shortly, without holding
+            // the answer.
+            if (!more) return;
+            gdelt.checkedAt = null;
+            later(() => void gdeltReports(), GDELT_NEXT_MS);
+          },
+          (error) => {
+            log(`[news] gdelt read failed: ${error.message}`);
+            gdelt.failedAt = now();
+          },
+        )
+        .finally(() => {
+          inFlight.delete('gdelt');
+          void readTitles();
+        });
+      inFlight.set('gdelt', round);
+    }
+    // Only a read with nothing (recent) to serve is waited for: the
+    // newest exports' events, not their titles.
+    const current = () =>
+      gdelt.readAt !== null && now() - gdelt.readAt < GDELT_STALE_MS;
+    if (!current() && inFlight.has('gdelt')) {
+      // At most GDELT_FIRST_MS: a slow GDELT must not outlast the browser's
+      // own timeout; what has come in by then is served.
+      let timer;
+      await Promise.race([
+        inFlight.get('gdelt'),
+        new Promise((resolve) => {
+          timer = setTimeout(resolve, GDELT_FIRST_MS);
+          timer.unref?.();
+        }),
+      ]);
+      clearTimeout(timer);
+    }
+    if (!current()) return { failed: true };
+    const dayAgo = new Date(now() - DAY_MS).toISOString();
+    const reports = [...gdelt.reports.values()]
+      .filter((r) => r.publishedAt >= dayAgo)
+      .sort((a, b) => b.publishedAt.localeCompare(a.publishedAt))
+      .slice(0, MAX_GDELT_REPORTS);
+    if (reports.length !== gdelt.reports.size) {
+      const kept = new Set(reports);
+      for (const [key, report] of gdelt.reports)
+        if (!kept.has(report)) {
+          for (const event of gdelt.stories.get(key) || [])
+            gdelt.titles.delete(event.url);
+          gdelt.reports.delete(key);
+          gdelt.stories.delete(key);
+        }
+    }
+    return { reports, readAt: gdelt.readAt };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The Conflicts section's reports: GDELT's, with Liveuamap's when its key
+   * is set. Liveuamap failing (or refusing its key) leaves GDELT's.
+   */
+  async function conflictReports() {
+    const [articles, items] = await Promise.all([
+      gdeltReports(),
+      keyOf('liveuamap') ? liveuamapReports() : {},
+    ]);
+    if (!articles.reports && !items.reports) return { failed: true };
+    return {
+      reports: [...(articles.reports || []), ...(items.reports || [])].sort(
+        (a, b) => b.publishedAt.localeCompare(a.publishedAt),
+      ),
+      readAt: Math.max(articles.readAt || 0, items.readAt || 0),
+    };
+  }
+
+  const dailyReads = () => {
+    const raw = String(env().WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS ?? '').trim();
+    const reads = raw ? Number(raw) : NaN;
+    return Number.isInteger(reads) && reads >= 0 ? reads : DEFAULT_DAILY_READS;
+  };
+
+  /** Whether a World News API read is left today (UTC); counts it if so. */
+  function spendRead() {
+    const day = new Date(now()).toISOString().slice(0, 10);
+    if (budget.day !== day)
+      Object.assign(budget, { day, reads: 0, spent: false, logged: false });
+    if (!budget.spent && budget.reads < dailyReads()) {
+      budget.reads += 1;
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!budget.logged)
+      log(
+        "[news] World News API's reads for today are spent; Local reads again after 00:00 UTC",
+      );
+    budget.logged = true;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  async function countryReports(country) {
+    const key = keyOf('worldnewsapi');
+    if (!key) return { missing: 'worldnewsapi' };
+    const stored = countries.get(country.code);
+    if (stored) keep(countries, country.code, stored);
+    const entry = await cached(countries, country.code, {
+      section: 'worldnewsapi',
+      key,
+      freshMs: COUNTRY_FRESH_MS,
+      staleMs: COUNTRY_STALE_MS,
+      what: `worldnewsapi:${country.code}`,
+      read: async (k) => {
+        // Not asked: no status, unlike an answer.
+        if (!spendRead())
+          throw new UpstreamError("World News API's reads for today spent", {
+            quota: true,
+          });
+        try {
+          return (
+            await fetchWorldNews({
+              key: k,
+              country: country.code,
+              fetchImpl,
+              now: now(),
+            })
+          ).map((article) => worldNewsReport(article, country));
+        } catch (error) {
+          // Out of points: nothing more is asked today.
+          if (error.status === 402) budget.spent = true;
+          throw error;
+        }
+      },
+    });
+    return served(entry, COUNTRY_STALE_MS, 'worldnewsapi');
+  }
+
+  const refusal = (read) =>
+    read.missing
+      ? noKey(read.missing)
+      : read.rejected
+        ? rejectedKey(read.rejected)
+        : read.quota
+          ? spentKey(read.quota)
+          : read.failed
+            ? { status: 502, body: { error: 'news_upstream_error' } }
+            : null;
+
+  async function hotspots(params) {
+    const read = await conflictReports();
+    const refused = refusal(read);
+    if (refused) return refused;
+    const hours = Number(params.get('hours')) || 24;
+    const since = new Date(now() - hours * HOUR_MS).toISOString();
+    const shown = read.reports.filter((r) => r.publishedAt >= since);
+    return {
+      status: 200,
+      body: {
+        hotspots: [
+          {
+            id: WORLDWIDE_HOTSPOT,
+            name: 'Worldwide',
+            kind: 'conflict',
+            catchAll: true,
+            bbox: [-180, -90, 180, 90],
+            parties: [],
+            developing: [],
+            counts: {
+              last24h: shown.length,
+              mapped24h: shown.filter((r) => r.geo).length,
+              prev24h: null,
+            },
+            latestAt: shown[0]?.publishedAt ?? null,
+          },
+        ],
+        categories: CATEGORY_ORDER,
+        ingest: { lastRunAt: new Date(read.readAt).toISOString() },
+        windowHours: hours,
+        maxWindowHours: 24,
+      },
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** Reports filtered, newest first, and paged by `before`. */
+  function page(reports, params) {
+    const since = params.get('since');
+    const before = params.get('before');
+    const dayAgo = new Date(now() - DAY_MS).toISOString();
+    const categories = list(params.get('category'));
+    const relevance = list(params.get('relevance'));
+    const hotspot = params.get('hotspot');
+    const limit = Number(params.get('limit')) || DEFAULT_LIMIT;
+    const kept = reports.filter(
+      (r) =>
+        (!hotspot || hotspot === 'all' || r.hotspotIds.includes(hotspot)) &&
+        (!since || r.publishedAt >= since) &&
+        (!before || r.publishedAt < before) &&
+        (!params.has('today') || r.publishedAt >= dayAgo) &&
+        (!params.has('geo') || r.geo) &&
+        (!categories || categories.has(r.category)) &&
+        (!relevance || relevance.has(r.relevance)),
+    );
+    const shown = kept.slice(0, limit);
+    // A page ends between two times: the next asks for those `before` the
+    // last, and a GDELT export's reports all share its quarter hour.
+    while (
+      shown.length < kept.length &&
+      kept[shown.length].publishedAt === shown.at(-1).publishedAt
+    )
+      shown.push(kept[shown.length]);
+    const events = params.has('events');
+    return {
+      reports: events ? shown : shown.map(({ event, ...report }) => report),
+      nextBefore: kept.length > shown.length ? shown.at(-1).publishedAt : null,
+    };
+  }
+
+  async function feed(params) {
+    const at = params.has('at') ? point(params.get('at')) : null;
+    const area = at ? areaAt(at.lat, at.lon) : null;
+    if (!area) {
+      // Conflicts, or Local at sea (by distance, in the browser).
+      const read = await conflictReports();
+      return refusal(read) || { status: 200, body: page(read.reports, params) };
+    }
+    // Local in a country: its own outlets, with the Conflicts reports
+    // placed inside it (those failing leave the outlets'). In a disputed
+    // area no country's outlets speak for it: the Conflicts reports there
+    // alone, so their failing is the answer's.
+    const country = area.kind === 'country';
+    const [national, conflicts] = await Promise.all([
+      country ? countryReports(area.country) : { reports: [] },
+      conflictReports(),
+    ]);
+    const refused = refusal(national) || (!country && refusal(conflicts));
+    if (refused) return refused;
+    const inside = (conflicts.reports || []).filter(
+      (r) => reportArea(r) === area.key,
+    );
+    const reports = [...national.reports, ...inside].sort((a, b) =>
+      b.publishedAt.localeCompare(a.publishedAt),
+    );
+    return { status: 200, body: page(reports, params) };
+  }
+
+  function outline(params) {
+    if (params.has('at')) {
+      const at = point(params.get('at'));
+      const area = at ? areaAt(at.lat, at.lon) : null;
+      if (!area) return { status: 200, body: EMPTY_OUTLINE };
+      return {
+        status: 200,
+        body: {
+          ...EMPTY_OUTLINE,
+          polygons:
+            area.kind === 'country'
+              ? countryPolygons(area.country)
+              : area.polygons,
+          area: {
+            key: area.key,
+            name: area.name,
+            kind: area.kind,
+            country: area.code,
+          },
+        },
+      };
+    }
+    // A developing situation's country; the world has no outline.
+    const country = countryByCode(
+      String(params.get('country') ?? '').slice(0, 2),
+    );
+    return {
+      status: 200,
+      body: country
+        ? { ...EMPTY_OUTLINE, polygons: countryPolygons(country) }
+        : EMPTY_OUTLINE,
+    };
+  }
+
+  return {
+    async answer(path, params) {
+      if (path === '/hotspots') return hotspots(params);
+      if (path === '/feed') return feed(params);
+      if (path === '/outline') return outline(params);
+      return { status: 404, body: { error: 'not_found' } };
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs b/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7b6706e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,988 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+
+import {
+  createKeyedNews,
+  gdeltPlace,
+  NEWS_KEYS,
+  WORLDWIDE_HOTSPOT,
+} from './keyed.js';
+import { KEY_SETUP_KEYS } from '../../../src/keySetupCore.mjs';
+import {
+  normalizeFeedPayload,
+  normalizeHotspotsPayload,
+  normalizeOutlinePayload,
+} from '../../../src/layers/news/records.js';
+import { exportsOfDay } from './gdeltEvents.js';
+import { eventRow, gkgRow, zipTable } from './gdeltFixtures.mjs';
+
+const NOW = Date.parse('2026-11-05T12:00:00Z');
+const seconds = (iso) => Date.parse(iso) / 1000;
+
+// Liveuamap's `a=mpts` answer, cut down: strings where it writes strings.
+const LIVEUAMAP = {
+  success: true,
+  key: 'redacted',
+  venues: [
+    {
+      id: 101,
+      name: 'Russian drone strike on Kharkiv kills 3, injures 12',
+      lat: '49.99350',
+      lng: '36.23040',
+      location: 'Kharkiv',
+      timestamp: seconds('2026-11-05T11:00:00Z'),
+      link: 'https://liveuamap.com/en/2026/5-november-kharkiv',
+      img_share: 'https://a.liveuamap.com/pics/101.jpg',
+      video: 'https://a.liveuamap.com/clips/101.mp4',
+    },
+    {
+      id: 102,
+      name: 'Floods kill dozens in Astana',
+      lat: '51.16940',
+      lng: '71.44910',
+      location: 'Astana',
+      timestamp: seconds('2026-11-05T10:00:00Z'),
+      link: 'https://asia.liveuamap.com/en/2026/5-november-astana',
+      img_share: '',
+      video: '',
+    },
+    {
+      id: 103,
+      name: 'Officials in &quot;Kherson&quot; report shelling',
+      lat: '46.63540',
+      lng: '32.61690',
+      timestamp: seconds('2026-11-05T09:00:00Z'),
+      link: 'https://liveuamap.com/en/2026/5-november-kherson',
+    },
+    // Without a point, a page or a headline: left out.
+    { id: 104, name: 'No point', timestamp: seconds('2026-11-05T09:00:00Z') },
+    {
+      id: 105,
+      name: 'No page',
+      lat: '1',
+      lng: '1',
+      timestamp: seconds('2026-11-05T09:00:00Z'),
+      link: 'javascript:alert(1)',
+    },
+    {
+      id: 106,
+      name: '',
+      lat: '1',
+      lng: '1',
+      timestamp: seconds('2026-11-05T09:00:00Z'),
+      link: 'https://liveuamap.com/x',
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+// World News API's search-news answer, cut down.
+const WORLD_NEWS = {
+  offset: 0,
+  number: 100,
+  available: 3,
+  news: [
+    {
+      id: 9001,
+      title: 'Visiting minister arrives in Astana for talks',
+      url: 'https://www.daily.example/en/minister-astana-talks',
+      image: 'https://www.daily.example/pics/visit.jpg',
+      publish_date: '2026-11-05 08:30:00',
+      language: 'en',
+      category: 'politics',
+      text: 'The whole article, never kept.',
+    },
+    {
+      id: 9002,
+      title: 'Two oil firms advance subsalt exploration',
+      url: 'https://markets.example/economic/oil-firms-exploration',
+      publish_date: '2026-11-05 07:00:00',
+      language: 'ru',
+      category: 'business',
+    },
+    // Sport is left out.
+    {
+      id: 9004,
+      title: 'Astana Arlan win the cup final',
+      url: 'https://sport.example/cup',
+      publish_date: '2026-11-05 09:00:00',
+      category: 'sports',
+    },
+    // The same story from another outlet is one.
+    {
+      id: 9003,
+      title: 'TWO OIL FIRMS ADVANCE SUBSALT EXPLORATION',
+      url: 'https://portal.test/oil-firms',
+      publish_date: '2026-11-05 06:00:00',
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+// GDELT's exports around NOW: the newest not published yet, two with
+// events, the rest of the day empty.
+const KHARKIV =
+  'https://www.wire.example/rubric-ato/3912-russian-drones-attack-kharkiv-overnight-three-killed.html';
+const RED_SEA =
+  'https://news.example.com/2026/11/05/houthis-claim-missile-attack-on-tanker-in-red-sea';
+const COUNCIL =
+  'https://news.example.com/2026/11/05/city-council-approves-new-budget-for-schools';
+const BARE = 'https://news.example.com/a/b/123456';
+const exportName = (stamp) =>
+  `https://data.gdeltproject.org/gdeltv2/${stamp}.export.CSV.zip`;
+const EXPORTS = {
+  [exportName('20261105120000')]: 404,
+  [exportName('20261105114500')]: [
+    eventRow({
+      id: 1,
+      code: '195',
+      mentions: 3,
+      url: KHARKIV,
+      added: '20261105114500',
+    }),
+    eventRow({
+      id: 2,
+      code: '195',
+      mentions: 8,
+      geoType: '1',
+      place: 'Yemen',
+      lat: 15.5,
+      lon: 47.5,
+      url: RED_SEA,
+      added: '20261105114500',
+    }),
+    eventRow({ id: 3, url: COUNCIL, added: '20261105114500' }),
+  ],
+  [exportName('20261105113000')]: [
+    eventRow({
+      id: 4,
+      geoType: '1',
+      place: 'Ukraine',
+      lat: 49,
+      lon: 32,
+      url: BARE,
+      added: '20261105113000',
+    }),
+    // An article already read is not a second report.
+    eventRow({ id: 5, code: '190', url: KHARKIV, added: '20261105113000' }),
+  ],
+};
+const EMPTY = zipTable('');
+// The page titles of the newest export's quarter hour.
+const GKG = {
+  [exportName('20261105114500').replace('.export.CSV.zip', '.gkg.csv.zip')]: [
+    gkgRow(
+      KHARKIV,
+      'Russian drones attack Kharkiv overnight, three killed - Wire',
+    ),
+  ],
+};
+
+const host = (call) => call.url.host;
+
+/**
+ * A fake upstream: answers by host, counts calls, records URLs and headers.
+ * An answer is a payload, a status, or a function giving a Response (one
+ * held open). `unlisted` is the status of an export not in `exports` (an
+ * empty table by default); `gkg` a status for every GKG export.
+ */
+function upstream(answers = {}) {
+  const calls = [];
+  const fetchImpl = async (url, init) => {
+    const href = String(url);
+    calls.push({ url: new URL(href), headers: init?.headers || {} });
+    if (href.includes('gdeltproject.org')) {
+      if (typeof answers.gdelt === 'number')
+        return new Response('busy', { status: answers.gdelt });
+      if (href.endsWith('/lastupdate.txt') && answers.lastupdate)
+        return new Response(
+          `95141 9197 http://data.gdeltproject.org/gdeltv2/${answers.lastupdate}.export.CSV.zip
+`,
+          { status: 200 },
+        );
+      if (answers.corrupt?.includes(href))
+        return new Response('not a zip at all', { status: 200 });
+      const gkg = href.endsWith('.gkg.csv.zip');
+      const listed = answers.exports ?? EXPORTS;
+      const answer = gkg
+        ? (answers.gkg ?? GKG[href])
+        : Object.hasOwn(listed, href)
+          ? listed[href]
+          : answers.unlisted;
+      if (typeof answer === 'number')
+        return new Response('', { status: answer });
+      return new Response(answer ? zipTable(answer.join('\n')) : EMPTY, {
+        status: 200,
+      });
+    }
+    const answer = href.includes('liveuamap.com')
+      ? (answers.liveuamap ?? LIVEUAMAP)
+      : (answers.worldnews ?? WORLD_NEWS);
+    if (typeof answer === 'function') return answer();
+    if (typeof answer === 'number')
+      return new Response('{"message":"bad key ABC"}', { status: answer });
+    return new Response(JSON.stringify(answer), { status: 200 });
+  };
+  return { calls, fetchImpl };
+}
+
+function keyed({ env, answers, clock = { now: NOW }, logs = [] } = {}) {
+  const fake = upstream(answers);
+  // The next GDELT reads, run by settle rather than on a timer.
+  const timers = [];
+  const news = createKeyedNews({
+    env: () =>
+      env ?? { LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY: 'live-key', WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY: 'wna-key' },
+    fetchImpl: fake.fetchImpl,
+    now: () => clock.now,
+    log: (line) => logs.push(line),
+    later: (run) => timers.push(run),
+  });
+  const ask = (path, query = '') =>
+    news.answer(path, new URLSearchParams(query));
+  /**
+   * Let the background reads finish (the rest of the day, the titles):
+   * until nothing is asked for a while, or a bounded number of turns.
+   */
+  async function settle() {
+    let quiet = 0;
+    for (let turn = 0; turn < 200 && quiet < 5; turn++) {
+      const before = fake.calls.length;
+      for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) await new Promise((r) => setImmediate(r));
+      await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 1));
+      for (const run of timers.splice(0)) run();
+      quiet = fake.calls.length === before ? quiet + 1 : 0;
+    }
+  }
+  return { ...fake, ask, clock, logs, settle, timers };
+}
+
+const CONFLICTS =
+  'hotspot=all&geo=1&today=1&events=1&relevance=core,related&limit=50';
+const gdeltCalls = (calls) =>
+  calls.filter(
+    (c) =>
+      host(c) === 'data.gdeltproject.org' &&
+      c.url.pathname.endsWith('.export.CSV.zip'),
+  );
+const gkgCalls = (calls) =>
+  calls.filter((c) => c.url.pathname.endsWith('.gkg.csv.zip'));
+
+test('without any key Conflicts are the day of GDELT events, one worldwide hotspot', async () => {
+  const { ask, calls, settle } = keyed({ env: {} });
+  const answer = await ask('/hotspots');
+  assert.equal(answer.status, 200);
+  const payload = normalizeHotspotsPayload(answer.body);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    payload.hotspots.map((h) => [h.id, h.catchAll]),
+    [[WORLDWIDE_HOTSPOT, true]],
+  );
+  assert.equal(payload.hotspots[0].last24h, 4);
+  assert.equal(payload.hotspots[0].mapped24h, 4);
+  assert.equal(payload.maxWindowHours, 24);
+  // The newest dozen first; the rest of the day after, in the background.
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    gdeltCalls(calls)
+      .slice(0, 12)
+      .map((c) => String(c.url)),
+    exportsOfDay(NOW).slice(0, 12),
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    String(gdeltCalls(calls)[0].url),
+    'https://data.gdeltproject.org/gdeltv2/20261105120000.export.CSV.zip',
+  );
+  await settle();
+  assert.ok(gdeltCalls(calls).length >= 96);
+  assert.ok(calls.every((c) => host(c) === 'data.gdeltproject.org'));
+  // Page titles only for the newest three hours (a GKG export is 6 MB).
+  assert.ok(gkgCalls(calls).length > 0 && gkgCalls(calls).length <= 12);
+});
+
+test('a GDELT article is a report at its place, in its words, credited to GDELT', async () => {
+  const { ask, settle } = keyed({ env: {} });
+  // The first answer has the events in, titled by their address words; the
+  // page titles follow in the background.
+  const first = normalizeFeedPayload((await ask('/feed', CONFLICTS)).body);
+  assert.equal(
+    first.reports.find((r) => r.id === 'gdelt-5').title,
+    'Russian drones attack Kharkiv overnight three killed',
+  );
+  await settle();
+  const { reports } = normalizeFeedPayload(
+    (await ask('/feed', CONFLICTS)).body,
+  );
+  // Kharkiv's story was first seen in the earlier export: its first event
+  // names it.
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    reports.map((r) => r.id),
+    ['gdelt-2', 'gdelt-5', 'gdelt-4'],
+  );
+  const [redSea, kharkiv, bare] = reports;
+  // Its page title, from the GKG export.
+  assert.equal(
+    kharkiv.title,
+    'Russian drones attack Kharkiv overnight, three killed',
+  );
+  assert.equal(kharkiv.category, 'strike');
+  assert.equal(kharkiv.relevance, 'core');
+  assert.equal(kharkiv.severity, 2);
+  assert.equal(kharkiv.publisher, 'wire.example');
+  assert.equal(kharkiv.attribution, 'GDELT Project');
+  assert.equal(kharkiv.kind, 'gdelt');
+  assert.equal(kharkiv.side, 'unknown');
+  assert.equal(kharkiv.geo.precision, 'city');
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    kharkiv.pins.map(({ lat, lon }) => [lat, lon]),
+    [[49.9935, 36.2304]],
+  );
+  assert.equal(redSea.geo.place, 'Yemen');
+  assert.equal(redSea.geo.precision, 'country');
+  assert.equal(bare.title, 'Fighting reported in Ukraine');
+  assert.equal(bare.relevance, 'related');
+  // The council story GDELT coded as fighting is minor: not in Conflicts.
+  assert.ok(!reports.some((r) => r.url.includes('city-council')));
+});
+
+test('with a Liveuamap key its mapped items join GDELT in the one hotspot', async () => {
+  const { ask, calls, settle } = keyed();
+  const answer = await ask('/hotspots');
+  assert.equal(answer.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 7);
+  const live = calls.find((c) => host(c) === 'a.liveuamap.com').url;
+  assert.equal(live.searchParams.get('a'), 'mpts');
+  assert.equal(live.searchParams.get('key'), 'live-key');
+  assert.equal(
+    Number(live.searchParams.get('time')),
+    (NOW - 86_400_000) / 1000,
+  );
+  const { reports } = normalizeFeedPayload(
+    (await ask('/feed', CONFLICTS)).body,
+  );
+  const kharkiv = reports.find((r) => r.id === 'lum-101');
+  assert.equal(kharkiv.category, 'strike');
+  assert.equal(kharkiv.severity, 2);
+  assert.equal(kharkiv.publisher, 'Liveuamap');
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    kharkiv.pins.map(({ lat, lon }) => [lat, lon]),
+    [[49.9935, 36.2304]],
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    kharkiv.event.image.video,
+    'https://a.liveuamap.com/clips/101.mp4',
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(kharkiv.media, ['video']);
+  assert.equal(
+    reports.find((r) => r.id === 'lum-103').title,
+    'Officials in "Kherson" report shelling',
+  );
+  // Counts over a shorter window.
+  const short = await ask('/hotspots', 'hours=2');
+  assert.equal(short.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 6);
+  await settle();
+});
+
+test('the Conflicts feed pages by time and filters by category and hotspot', async () => {
+  const { ask, settle } = keyed({ env: {} });
+  const all = 'hotspot=all&today=1&relevance=core,related&events=1';
+  const first = await ask('/feed', `${all}&limit=1`);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    first.body.reports.map((r) => r.id),
+    ['gdelt-2'],
+  );
+  assert.equal(first.body.nextBefore, '2026-11-05T11:45:00.000Z');
+  // A page ends between two times: both of 11:30 come together, though
+  // the page asked for one.
+  const next = await ask(
+    '/feed',
+    `${all}&limit=1&before=${first.body.nextBefore}`,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    next.body.reports.map((r) => r.id),
+    ['gdelt-5', 'gdelt-4'],
+  );
+  assert.equal(next.body.nextBefore, null);
+  const strikes = await ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&category=strike');
+  assert.equal(strikes.body.reports.length, 2);
+  const elsewhere = await ask('/feed', 'hotspot=ua-ru-war');
+  assert.deepEqual(elsewhere.body.reports, []);
+  await settle();
+});
+
+test('an export not published yet is looked for again, and the day is kept a day', async () => {
+  const exports = { ...EXPORTS };
+  const { ask, calls, clock, settle } = keyed({
+    env: {},
+    answers: { exports },
+  });
+  await ask('/hotspots');
+  await settle();
+  const read = gdeltCalls(calls).length;
+  // Within five minutes nothing is asked again.
+  clock.now += 2 * 60_000;
+  await ask('/hotspots');
+  assert.equal(gdeltCalls(calls).length, read);
+  // The late export is published now, with a new article.
+  exports[exportName('20261105120000')] = [
+    eventRow({
+      id: 6,
+      code: '183',
+      url: 'https://news.example.com/2026/11/05/car-bomb-kills-five-in-mogadishu-market',
+      place: 'Mogadishu, Banaadir, Somalia',
+      lat: 2.04,
+      lon: 45.34,
+      added: '20261105120000',
+    }),
+  ];
+  clock.now += 4 * 60_000;
+  await ask('/hotspots');
+  await settle();
+  const later = await ask('/hotspots');
+  assert.equal(later.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 5, 'added, not replaced');
+  assert.equal(
+    gdeltCalls(calls)
+      .slice(read)
+      .filter((c) => String(c.url).includes('20261105120000')).length,
+    1,
+  );
+  // A day on, the old ones have aged out.
+  clock.now += 24 * 3_600_000;
+  const dayOn = await ask('/hotspots');
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(dayOn.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 0);
+});
+
+test('Local names the country at the point and outlines it, with no key', async () => {
+  const { ask, calls } = keyed({ env: {} });
+  const answer = await ask('/outline', 'at=51.13,71.43&v=4');
+  const outline = normalizeOutlinePayload(answer.body);
+  assert.deepEqual(outline.area, {
+    key: 'KZ',
+    name: 'Kazakhstan',
+    kind: 'country',
+    country: 'KZ',
+  });
+  assert.ok(outline.polygons.length > 0);
+  const sea = await ask('/outline', 'at=0,-30&v=4');
+  assert.equal(normalizeOutlinePayload(sea.body).area, null);
+  const developing = await ask('/outline', 'country=UA&v=4');
+  assert.ok(developing.body.polygons.length > 0);
+  assert.equal(calls.length, 0);
+});
+
+test("Local in a country is its outlets' everyday news, pinned inside it, plus the Conflicts reports there", async () => {
+  const { ask, calls } = keyed();
+  const answer = await ask(
+    '/feed',
+    'hotspot=all&geo=1&today=1&events=1&limit=40&at=51.13,71.43',
+  );
+  assert.equal(answer.status, 200);
+  const search = calls.find((c) => host(c) === 'api.worldnewsapi.com');
+  assert.equal(search.url.pathname, '/search-news');
+  assert.equal(search.url.searchParams.get('source-country'), 'kz');
+  assert.equal(search.url.searchParams.has('categories'), false);
+  assert.equal(
+    search.url.searchParams.get('earliest-publish-date'),
+    '2026-11-04 12:00:00',
+  );
+  assert.equal(search.url.searchParams.has('api-key'), false);
+  assert.equal(search.headers['x-api-key'], 'wna-key');
+
+  const { reports } = normalizeFeedPayload(answer.body);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    reports.map((r) => r.id),
+    ['lum-102', 'wna-9001', 'wna-9002'],
+  );
+  const [, visit, exploration] = reports;
+  assert.equal(visit.category, 'political');
+  assert.equal(visit.relevance, 'minor');
+  assert.equal(visit.publisher, 'daily.example');
+  assert.equal(visit.snippet, null, 'titles and links only');
+  assert.equal(visit.geo.precision, 'country');
+  assert.equal(visit.geo.place, 'Kazakhstan');
+  assert.equal(visit.event.image.publisher, 'daily.example');
+  assert.equal(exploration.category, 'economy');
+
+  // The point each is pinned at lies in the area Local outlines.
+  const outline = normalizeOutlinePayload(
+    (await ask('/outline', 'at=51.13,71.43&v=4')).body,
+  );
+  const { inPolygons } = await import('../../../src/layers/news/model.js');
+  for (const report of reports)
+    assert.ok(inPolygons(outline.polygons, report.pins[0]), report.id);
+});
+
+test('a disputed area is named as itself: outlined alone, left out of the country around it, read from no country', async () => {
+  const { ask, calls, settle } = keyed();
+  const crimea = normalizeOutlinePayload(
+    (await ask('/outline', 'at=44.95,34.1&v=4')).body,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(crimea.area, {
+    key: 'disputed-crimea',
+    name: 'Crimea',
+    kind: 'disputed',
+    country: null,
+  });
+  const { inPolygons } = await import('../../../src/layers/news/model.js');
+  const russia = normalizeOutlinePayload(
+    (await ask('/outline', 'at=55.75,37.6&v=4')).body,
+  );
+  assert.equal(russia.area.name, 'Russia');
+  assert.equal(inPolygons(russia.polygons, { lat: 44.95, lon: 34.1 }), false);
+  assert.equal(inPolygons(russia.polygons, { lat: 55.75, lon: 37.6 }), true);
+  // Local in Crimea: no national outlets asked, the Conflicts reports there.
+  const local = await ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&at=44.95,34.1');
+  assert.equal(local.status, 200);
+  assert.ok(calls.every((c) => host(c) !== 'api.worldnewsapi.com'));
+  await settle();
+});
+
+test("GDELT's places are named by their town and the area there, not its old regions", () => {
+  const named = (lat, lon, place, precision = 'city') =>
+    gdeltPlace({ lat, lon, place, precision }).place;
+  assert.equal(
+    named(31.43, 34.39, 'Bureij, Yerushalayim, Israel'),
+    'Bureij, Palestine',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    named(9.07, 7.48, 'Abuja, Abuja Federal Capital Territory, Niger'),
+    'Abuja, Nigeria',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    named(44.95, 34.1, 'Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine'),
+    'Simferopol, Crimea',
+  );
+  assert.equal(named(48.4, 31.2, 'Ukraine', 'country'), 'Ukraine');
+});
+
+test("a country's news is read once per half hour and Liveuamap's feed once per five minutes", async () => {
+  const { ask, calls, clock } = keyed();
+  const local = 'hotspot=all&at=51.13,71.43';
+  await ask('/feed', local);
+  await ask('/feed', local);
+  await ask('/hotspots');
+  const count = (name) => calls.filter((c) => host(c) === name).length;
+  assert.equal(count('api.worldnewsapi.com'), 1);
+  assert.equal(count('a.liveuamap.com'), 1);
+  clock.now += 6 * 60_000;
+  await ask('/feed', local);
+  assert.equal(count('api.worldnewsapi.com'), 1);
+  assert.equal(count('a.liveuamap.com'), 2);
+  clock.now += 25 * 60_000;
+  await ask('/feed', local);
+  assert.equal(count('api.worldnewsapi.com'), 2);
+});
+
+test('Local without its key says which key it needs and reads nothing', async () => {
+  const noLocal = keyed({ env: { LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY: 'live-key' } });
+  assert.deepEqual(await noLocal.ask('/feed', 'at=51.13,71.43'), {
+    status: 503,
+    body: { error: 'no_key', key: 'worldnewsapi' },
+  });
+  assert.ok(noLocal.calls.every((c) => host(c) !== 'api.worldnewsapi.com'));
+  // At sea Local is the Conflicts reports by distance, keyless.
+  const sea = await keyed({ env: {} }).ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&at=0,-30');
+  assert.equal(sea.status, 200);
+});
+
+test('a refused Liveuamap key leaves GDELT; World News API refusing names its key', async () => {
+  const logs = [];
+  const refused = keyed({ answers: { liveuamap: 401, worldnews: 403 }, logs });
+  const conflicts = await refused.ask('/hotspots');
+  assert.equal(conflicts.status, 200);
+  assert.equal(conflicts.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 4);
+  assert.deepEqual(await refused.ask('/feed', 'at=51.13,71.43'), {
+    status: 503,
+    body: { error: 'key_rejected', key: 'worldnewsapi' },
+  });
+  // A refused key is logged once, however often it is tried.
+  for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    refused.clock.now += 61_000;
+    assert.equal((await refused.ask('/hotspots')).status, 200);
+  }
+  assert.equal(
+    logs.filter((line) => line.includes('LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY was refused'))
+      .length,
+    1,
+  );
+  assert.ok(gdeltCalls(refused.calls).length > 0);
+  assert.ok(
+    refused.calls.filter((c) => host(c) === 'a.liveuamap.com').length > 1,
+  );
+  // Neither key nor answer body reaches the log.
+  assert.ok(logs.length > 0);
+  for (const line of logs) assert.doesNotMatch(line, /live-key|wna-key|ABC/);
+  await refused.settle();
+});
+
+test('a failing GDELT is tried again after a minute, and what it read is kept', async () => {
+  const answers = { gdelt: 503 };
+  const flaky = keyed({ env: {}, answers });
+  assert.deepEqual(await flaky.ask('/hotspots'), {
+    status: 502,
+    body: { error: 'news_upstream_error' },
+  });
+  const tried = gdeltCalls(flaky.calls).length;
+  await flaky.ask('/hotspots');
+  assert.equal(gdeltCalls(flaky.calls).length, tried, 'not within a minute');
+  flaky.clock.now += 61_000;
+  delete answers.gdelt;
+  assert.equal((await flaky.ask('/hotspots')).status, 200);
+  await flaky.settle();
+  answers.gdelt = 500;
+  flaky.clock.now += 6 * 60_000;
+  const kept = await flaky.ask('/hotspots');
+  await flaky.settle();
+  assert.equal(kept.status, 200);
+  assert.equal(kept.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 4);
+});
+
+test('a new key drops what the old one read', async () => {
+  const env = { LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY: 'old', WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY: 'wna-key' };
+  const { ask, calls } = keyed({ env });
+  await ask('/hotspots');
+  env.LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY = 'new';
+  await ask('/hotspots');
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    calls
+      .filter((c) => host(c) === 'a.liveuamap.com')
+      .map((c) => c.url.searchParams.get('key')),
+    ['old', 'new'],
+  );
+});
+
+test('each key is one the key registry names', () => {
+  for (const [id, envVar] of Object.entries(NEWS_KEYS))
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      KEY_SETUP_KEYS.find((entry) => entry.id === id)?.envVars,
+      [envVar],
+      id,
+    );
+});
+
+const MINUTE = 60_000;
+const count = (calls, name) => calls.filter((c) => host(c) === name).length;
+const UPSTREAM_ERROR = { status: 502, body: { error: 'news_upstream_error' } };
+const KEY_QUOTA = {
+  status: 503,
+  body: { error: 'key_quota', key: 'worldnewsapi' },
+};
+
+test('exports never published are given up on, not looked for back to back', async () => {
+  // One export of the day has events; GDELT answers 404 for every other.
+  const quarter = exportName('20261105114500');
+  const { ask, calls, clock, settle } = keyed({
+    env: {},
+    answers: { exports: { [quarter]: EXPORTS[quarter] }, unlisted: 404 },
+  });
+  assert.equal((await ask('/hotspots')).body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 3);
+  await settle();
+  // A round that brings nothing in is the last until the next five minutes.
+  let seen = gdeltCalls(calls).length;
+  assert.ok(seen <= 2 * 12, `${seen} at first`);
+  const steps = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+    clock.now += 5 * MINUTE;
+    assert.equal((await ask('/hotspots')).status, 200);
+    await settle();
+    steps.push(gdeltCalls(calls).length - seen);
+    seen = gdeltCalls(calls).length;
+  }
+  // One round each five minutes, until the day has been looked through
+  // once; then only the exports of the last hour and a half (GDELT's CDN
+  // keeps a 404 for an hour, so a late one may still come).
+  assert.ok(
+    steps.every((n) => n <= 12),
+    steps.join(),
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    steps.slice(-3).every((n) => n <= 7),
+    steps.join(),
+  );
+  assert.ok(seen <= 2 * 12 + 20 * 12, String(seen));
+});
+
+test('GDELT with no export read at all is a 502, not an empty Conflicts', async () => {
+  const { ask } = keyed({ env: {}, answers: { exports: {}, unlisted: 404 } });
+  assert.deepEqual(await ask('/hotspots'), UPSTREAM_ERROR);
+  assert.deepEqual(await ask('/feed', CONFLICTS), UPSTREAM_ERROR);
+});
+
+test('GDELT failing for two hours answers 502; until then what it read is served', async () => {
+  const answers = {};
+  const { ask, clock, settle } = keyed({ env: {}, answers });
+  await ask('/hotspots');
+  await settle();
+  answers.gdelt = 503;
+  clock.now += 60 * MINUTE;
+  const hour = await ask('/hotspots');
+  assert.equal(hour.status, 200);
+  assert.equal(hour.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 4);
+  clock.now += 61 * MINUTE;
+  assert.deepEqual(await ask('/hotspots'), UPSTREAM_ERROR);
+  assert.deepEqual(await ask('/feed', CONFLICTS), UPSTREAM_ERROR);
+  await settle();
+});
+
+test('a failed GKG read keeps the events, titled by their words, and is tried again', async () => {
+  const answers = { gkg: 500 };
+  const { ask, calls, clock, logs, settle } = keyed({ env: {}, answers });
+  const kharkiv = (answer) =>
+    normalizeFeedPayload(answer.body).reports.find((r) => r.id === 'gdelt-5');
+  await ask('/hotspots');
+  await settle();
+  const read = await ask('/feed', CONFLICTS);
+  assert.equal(read.status, 200);
+  assert.equal(read.body.reports.length, 3);
+  assert.equal(
+    kharkiv(read).title,
+    'Russian drones attack Kharkiv overnight three killed',
+  );
+  assert.ok(logs.some((line) => line.includes('titles read failed')));
+  // Each GKG export once, not with every read of the day.
+  assert.equal(gkgCalls(calls).length, 11);
+  delete answers.gkg;
+  clock.now += 5 * MINUTE;
+  await ask('/hotspots');
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(
+    kharkiv(await ask('/feed', CONFLICTS)).title,
+    'Russian drones attack Kharkiv overnight, three killed',
+  );
+});
+
+test('Local where only Conflicts reports speak answers 502 when they fail; in a country the outlets stay', async () => {
+  const { ask, calls } = keyed({ answers: { gdelt: 503, liveuamap: 500 } });
+  // Crimea, and Somaliland (a territory without a code).
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    await ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&at=44.95,34.1'),
+    UPSTREAM_ERROR,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    await ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&at=9.56,44.06'),
+    UPSTREAM_ERROR,
+  );
+  assert.equal(count(calls, 'api.worldnewsapi.com'), 0);
+  const kazakhstan = await ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&at=51.13,71.43');
+  assert.equal(kazakhstan.status, 200);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    kazakhstan.body.reports.map((r) => r.id),
+    ['wna-9001', 'wna-9002'],
+  );
+});
+
+test('a territory without a code is named as itself, not read as sea', async () => {
+  const { ask, calls, settle } = keyed();
+  for (const [at, key, name] of [
+    ['9.56,44.06', 'disputed-somaliland', 'Somaliland'],
+    ['35.12,33.94', 'disputed-northern-cyprus', 'Northern Cyprus'],
+  ]) {
+    const outline = normalizeOutlinePayload(
+      (await ask('/outline', `at=${at}&v=4`)).body,
+    );
+    assert.deepEqual(outline.area, {
+      key,
+      name,
+      kind: 'disputed',
+      country: null,
+    });
+    assert.ok(outline.polygons.length > 0);
+  }
+  assert.equal(
+    gdeltPlace({
+      lat: 9.56,
+      lon: 44.06,
+      place: 'Hargeysa, Somalia',
+      precision: 'city',
+    }).place,
+    'Hargeysa, Somaliland',
+  );
+  const local = await ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&at=9.56,44.06');
+  assert.equal(local.status, 200);
+  assert.equal(count(calls, 'api.worldnewsapi.com'), 0);
+  await settle();
+});
+
+test('a stale Liveuamap or World News API read is served while it is read again', async () => {
+  const answers = {};
+  const { ask, calls, clock, settle } = keyed({ answers });
+  const local = 'hotspot=all&at=51.13,71.43';
+  const ids = (answer) => answer.body.reports.map((r) => r.id);
+  assert.deepEqual(ids(await ask('/feed', local)), [
+    'lum-102',
+    'wna-9001',
+    'wna-9002',
+  ]);
+  // Both read again, and held open: the answer does not wait for them.
+  let release;
+  const held = new Promise((resolve) => {
+    release = resolve;
+  });
+  const later = (payload) => () =>
+    held.then(() => new Response(JSON.stringify(payload), { status: 200 }));
+  answers.liveuamap = later({ venues: [] });
+  answers.worldnews = later({ news: [] });
+  clock.now += 31 * MINUTE;
+  const served = await ask('/feed', local);
+  assert.equal(served.status, 200);
+  assert.deepEqual(ids(served), ['lum-102', 'wna-9001', 'wna-9002']);
+  assert.equal(count(calls, 'a.liveuamap.com'), 2);
+  assert.equal(count(calls, 'api.worldnewsapi.com'), 2);
+  // Once read, the new answers are served.
+  release();
+  await settle();
+  assert.deepEqual(ids(await ask('/feed', local)), []);
+  // A country not read before is waited for.
+  answers.worldnews = WORLD_NEWS;
+  assert.equal(
+    (await ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&at=48.85,2.35')).body.reports.length,
+    2,
+  );
+});
+
+test('a read in flight with a replaced key is not the answer for the new one', async () => {
+  let release;
+  const held = new Promise((resolve) => {
+    release = resolve;
+  });
+  const env = { LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY: 'old' };
+  const answers = {
+    liveuamap: () =>
+      held.then(() => new Response(JSON.stringify({ venues: [] }))),
+  };
+  const { ask, calls, settle } = keyed({ env, answers });
+  const before = ask('/hotspots');
+  env.LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY = 'new';
+  delete answers.liveuamap;
+  const after = await ask('/hotspots');
+  assert.equal(after.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 7);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    calls
+      .filter((c) => host(c) === 'a.liveuamap.com')
+      .map((c) => c.url.searchParams.get('key')),
+    ['old', 'new'],
+  );
+  release();
+  await before;
+  // The old key's late answer does not replace the new one's.
+  assert.equal((await ask('/hotspots')).body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 7);
+  await settle();
+});
+
+test("World News API's reads are a daily budget: spent, Local says key_quota and serves what it read", async () => {
+  const { ask, calls, clock, logs, settle } = keyed({
+    env: { WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY: 'wna-key', WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS: '2' },
+  });
+  const at = (point) => ask('/feed', `hotspot=all&at=${point}`);
+  assert.equal((await at('51.13,71.43')).status, 200);
+  assert.equal((await at('48.85,2.35')).status, 200);
+  // Germany would be the third read today.
+  assert.deepEqual(await at('52.52,13.4'), KEY_QUOTA);
+  assert.equal(count(calls, 'api.worldnewsapi.com'), 2);
+  // Kazakhstan, read earlier, is served from what was read.
+  clock.now += 31 * MINUTE;
+  const kept = await at('51.13,71.43');
+  assert.equal(kept.status, 200);
+  assert.equal(kept.body.reports.length, 2);
+  assert.equal(count(calls, 'api.worldnewsapi.com'), 2);
+  assert.equal(
+    logs.filter((line) => line.includes('reads for today are spent')).length,
+    1,
+  );
+  // A new UTC day has its own reads.
+  clock.now = Date.parse('2026-11-06T00:30:00Z');
+  assert.equal((await at('52.52,13.4')).status, 200);
+  assert.equal(count(calls, 'api.worldnewsapi.com'), 3);
+  await settle();
+});
+
+test('World News API answering 402 is key_quota, and nothing more is asked today; a 429 is no quota', async () => {
+  const paid = keyed({ answers: { worldnews: 402 } });
+  assert.deepEqual(await paid.ask('/feed', 'at=51.13,71.43'), KEY_QUOTA);
+  paid.clock.now += 2 * MINUTE;
+  assert.deepEqual(await paid.ask('/feed', 'at=48.85,2.35'), KEY_QUOTA);
+  assert.equal(count(paid.calls, 'api.worldnewsapi.com'), 1);
+  // A 429 is its per-second limit: an ordinary failure, tried again soon.
+  const busy = keyed({ answers: { worldnews: 429 } });
+  assert.deepEqual(await busy.ask('/feed', 'at=51.13,71.43'), UPSTREAM_ERROR);
+  await paid.settle();
+  await busy.settle();
+});
+
+test('one unreadable export is given up on and never holds the rest back', async () => {
+  const bad = exportName('20261105114500');
+  const { ask, calls, clock, settle } = keyed({
+    env: {},
+    answers: { corrupt: [bad] },
+  });
+  // The other export's stories are served, from the first answer on (its
+  // copy of the Kharkiv story among them).
+  const first = await ask('/hotspots');
+  assert.equal(first.status, 200);
+  assert.equal(first.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 2);
+  await settle();
+  clock.now += 6 * MINUTE;
+  assert.equal((await ask('/hotspots')).status, 200);
+  await settle();
+  const asked = gdeltCalls(calls).filter((c) => String(c.url) === bad).length;
+  assert.equal(asked, 1, 'an unreadable file is not fetched again');
+});
+
+test('no export later than the newest GDELT lists is asked for (its CDN keeps a 404 an hour)', async () => {
+  const { ask, calls, settle } = keyed({
+    env: {},
+    answers: { lastupdate: '20261105114500' },
+  });
+  assert.equal((await ask('/hotspots')).status, 200);
+  await settle();
+  assert.ok(
+    !gdeltCalls(calls).some(
+      (c) => String(c.url) === exportName('20261105120000'),
+    ),
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    gdeltCalls(calls).some(
+      (c) => String(c.url) === exportName('20261105114500'),
+    ),
+  );
+});
+
+test('a town a disputed area is named after is named alone, on both sides of its line', () => {
+  assert.equal(
+    gdeltPlace({
+      lat: 31.7667,
+      lon: 35.2333,
+      place: 'Jerusalem, Israel (general), Israel',
+      precision: 'city',
+    }).place,
+    'Jerusalem',
+  );
+});
+
+test('World News API is credited on each of its reports', async () => {
+  const { ask, settle } = keyed();
+  const { reports } = normalizeFeedPayload(
+    (await ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&at=51.13,71.43')).body,
+  );
+  const national = reports.filter((r) => r.kind === 'worldnewsapi');
+  assert.ok(national.length > 0);
+  for (const r of national) assert.equal(r.attribution, 'World News API');
+  await settle();
+});
+
+test('GDELT down for a few minutes gives up on no export: they are all read once it is back', async () => {
+  const answers = { gdelt: 503 };
+  const { ask, calls, clock, settle } = keyed({ env: {}, answers });
+  for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    await ask('/hotspots');
+    await settle();
+    clock.now += 61_000;
+  }
+  delete answers.gdelt;
+  clock.now += 5 * MINUTE;
+  const back = await ask('/hotspots');
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(back.status, 200);
+  assert.equal(back.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 4);
+  assert.ok(
+    gdeltCalls(calls).some(
+      (c) => String(c.url) === exportName('20261105114500'),
+    ),
+  );
+});
diff --git a/server/providers/news/upstream.js b/server/providers/news/upstream.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f834ee7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/providers/news/upstream.js
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+// The keyed news APIs Core reads itself when no news server is configured:
+// Liveuamap's worldwide feed (`a=mpts`) beside GDELT's events in the
+// Conflicts section (gdeltEvents.js), World News API's search by source
+// country for Local. Each key stays on the server: Liveuamap's rides in the query, so
+// neither a URL nor an error body is ever logged or relayed.
+
+import { readResponseTextCapped } from '../common/http.js';
+
+const LIVEUAMAP_URL = 'https://a.liveuamap.com/api';
+const WORLD_NEWS_URL = 'https://api.worldnewsapi.com/search-news';
+// 100 Liveuamap items run to about 500 KB.
+const LIVEUAMAP_COUNT = 500;
+const LIVEUAMAP_MAX_BYTES = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+// One search per country: a point, and a hundredth of one per article, so
+// about 1.5 points a read (the free plan has 50 points a day).
+const WORLD_NEWS_ARTICLES = 50;
+const WORLD_NEWS_MAX_BYTES = 8 * 1024 * 1024;
+// World News API's categories that are not the news of the day. Its
+// `categories` filter is not asked for: it classifies few articles outside
+// English, so it would drop most of a country's own outlets; an article it
+// left unclassified is kept.
+export const WORLD_NEWS_LEFT_OUT = Object.freeze(
+  new Set(['sports', 'entertainment', 'lifestyle', 'travel']),
+);
+const DAY_MS = 86_400_000;
+const TIMEOUT_MS = 20_000;
+
+const ENTITIES = {
+  amp: '&',
+  quot: '"',
+  apos: "'",
+  lt: '<',
+  gt: '>',
+  nbsp: ' ',
+};
+
+/** Text with HTML entities decoded and whitespace collapsed, or ''. */
+export function unescapeHtml(value) {
+  return String(value ?? '')
+    .replace(
+      /&(?:#(\d{1,7})|#x([0-9a-f]{1,6})|([a-z]{2,6}));/gi,
+      (all, dec, hex, name) => {
+        if (name) return ENTITIES[name.toLowerCase()] ?? all;
+        const code = dec ? Number(dec) : parseInt(hex, 16);
+        return code > 0 && code <= 0x10ffff ? String.fromCodePoint(code) : all;
+      },
+    )
+    .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
+    .trim();
+}
+
+/** An https URL without credentials, or null. */
+export function webLink(value) {
+  try {
+    const url = new URL(String(value ?? '').trim());
+    return url.protocol === 'https:' && !url.username && !url.password
+      ? url.href
+      : null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/** A clip a browser plays itself (an https MP4 or WebM file), or null. */
+export function playableVideo(value) {
+  const url = webLink(value);
+  return url && /\.(?:mp4|m4v|webm)$/i.test(new URL(url).pathname) ? url : null;
+}
+
+const finiteNumber = (value) => {
+  const number = typeof value === 'string' ? Number(value.trim()) : value;
+  return typeof number === 'number' && Number.isFinite(number) ? number : null;
+};
+
+/** Why an upstream could not be read; never carries its URL or body. */
+export class UpstreamError extends Error {
+  constructor(
+    message,
+    { status = null, rejected = false, quota = false, unreadable = false } = {},
+  ) {
+    super(message);
+    this.name = 'UpstreamError';
+    this.status = status;
+    // The key was refused (401 or 403): the operator's to fix.
+    this.rejected = rejected;
+    // The key's allowance is spent (402, or the day's reads): it answers
+    // again later. A 429 is a per-second limit, not this.
+    this.quota = quota;
+    // The answer itself cannot be read (corrupt, or over a size cap): asking
+    // again gets the same.
+    this.unreadable = unreadable;
+  }
+}
+
+async function getText(
+  fetchImpl,
+  url,
+  { headers = {}, maxBytes, signal, what },
+) {
+  let response;
+  try {
+    response = await fetchImpl(url, {
+      headers: { Accept: 'application/json', ...headers },
+      redirect: 'error',
+      signal: signal
+        ? AbortSignal.any([signal, AbortSignal.timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)])
+        : AbortSignal.timeout(TIMEOUT_MS),
+    });
+  } catch (cause) {
+    throw new UpstreamError(
+      cause?.name === 'TimeoutError'
+        ? `${what} timed out`
+        : `${what} unreachable`,
+    );
+  }
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    await response.body?.cancel?.().catch?.(() => {});
+    throw new UpstreamError(`${what} answered ${response.status}`, {
+      status: response.status,
+      rejected: response.status === 401 || response.status === 403,
+      quota: response.status === 402,
+    });
+  }
+  try {
+    return await readResponseTextCapped(response, maxBytes, signal);
+  } catch {
+    throw new UpstreamError(`${what} answer unreadable`);
+  }
+}
+
+function parseJson(text, what) {
+  try {
+    return JSON.parse(text);
+  } catch {
+    // Not the parser's message: an error answer may echo the request.
+    throw new UpstreamError(`${what} answer unreadable`);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Liveuamap's items with a headline, a point and a page:
+ * `{id, title, lat, lon, place, publishedAt, url, image, video}`.
+ */
+export function parseLiveuamap(payload) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(payload?.venues))
+    throw new UpstreamError('Liveuamap answer unreadable');
+  const items = [];
+  for (const venue of payload.venues) {
+    const id = finiteNumber(venue?.id);
+    const title = unescapeHtml(venue?.name);
+    const lat = finiteNumber(venue?.lat);
+    const lon = finiteNumber(venue?.lng);
+    const seconds = finiteNumber(venue?.timestamp);
+    const url = webLink(venue?.link);
+    if (
+      id === null ||
+      !title ||
+      lat === null ||
+      lon === null ||
+      Math.abs(lat) > 90 ||
+      Math.abs(lon) > 180 ||
+      (lat === 0 && lon === 0) ||
+      seconds === null ||
+      !url
+    )
+      continue;
+    items.push({
+      id: Math.trunc(id),
+      title,
+      lat,
+      lon,
+      place: unescapeHtml(venue.location) || null,
+      publishedAt: new Date(seconds * 1000).toISOString(),
+      url,
+      image: webLink(venue.img_share),
+      video: playableVideo(venue.video),
+    });
+  }
+  return items;
+}
+
+/** The worldwide feed of the last day, as of `now`. */
+export async function fetchLiveuamap({ key, fetchImpl, now, signal }) {
+  const url = new URL(LIVEUAMAP_URL);
+  url.search = new URLSearchParams({
+    a: 'mpts',
+    resid: '1',
+    time: String(Math.floor((now - DAY_MS) / 1000)),
+    count: String(LIVEUAMAP_COUNT),
+    key,
+  }).toString();
+  const text = await getText(fetchImpl, url, {
+    maxBytes: LIVEUAMAP_MAX_BYTES,
+    signal,
+    what: 'Liveuamap',
+  });
+  return parseLiveuamap(parseJson(text, 'Liveuamap'));
+}
+
+// World News API writes times as "2026-10-30 01:31:00", in UTC.
+const worldNewsTime = (ms) =>
+  new Date(ms).toISOString().slice(0, 19).replace('T', ' ');
+function worldNewsDate(value) {
+  const match = /^(\d{4}-\d\d-\d\d) (\d\d:\d\d:\d\d)$/.exec(
+    String(value ?? ''),
+  );
+  const ms = match ? Date.parse(`${match[1]}T${match[2]}Z`) : NaN;
+  return Number.isFinite(ms) ? new Date(ms).toISOString() : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A search's articles with a title, a link and a time, one per title (the
+ * same story from several outlets is one), sport and entertainment left
+ * out, newest first:
+ * `{id, title, url, publisher, language, category, publishedAt, image, video}`.
+ */
+export function parseWorldNews(payload) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(payload?.news))
+    throw new UpstreamError('World News API answer unreadable');
+  const seen = new Set();
+  const articles = [];
+  for (const article of payload.news) {
+    const id = finiteNumber(article?.id);
+    const title = unescapeHtml(article?.title);
+    const url = webLink(article?.url);
+    const publishedAt = worldNewsDate(article?.publish_date);
+    const category =
+      typeof article?.category === 'string'
+        ? article.category.toLowerCase()
+        : null;
+    if (id === null || !title || !url || !publishedAt) continue;
+    if (WORLD_NEWS_LEFT_OUT.has(category)) continue;
+    const same = title.toLowerCase();
+    if (seen.has(same)) continue;
+    seen.add(same);
+    articles.push({
+      id: Math.trunc(id),
+      title,
+      url,
+      publisher: new URL(url).hostname.replace(/^www\./, ''),
+      language:
+        typeof article.language === 'string' &&
+        /^[a-z]{2}$/i.test(article.language)
+          ? article.language.toLowerCase()
+          : null,
+      category,
+      publishedAt,
+      image: webLink(article.image),
+      video: playableVideo(article.video),
+    });
+  }
+  return articles.sort((a, b) => b.publishedAt.localeCompare(a.publishedAt));
+}
+
+/** A country's everyday news of the last day, as of `now`. */
+export async function fetchWorldNews({ key, country, fetchImpl, now, signal }) {
+  const url = new URL(WORLD_NEWS_URL);
+  url.search = new URLSearchParams({
+    'source-country': country.toLowerCase(),
+    // Both ends: sorted by time with neither, a search is cut to 31 days.
+    'earliest-publish-date': worldNewsTime(now - DAY_MS),
+    'latest-publish-date': worldNewsTime(now),
+    sort: 'publish-time',
+    'sort-direction': 'DESC',
+    number: String(WORLD_NEWS_ARTICLES),
+  }).toString();
+  const text = await getText(fetchImpl, url, {
+    headers: { 'x-api-key': key },
+    maxBytes: WORLD_NEWS_MAX_BYTES,
+    signal,
+    what: 'World News API',
+  });
+  return parseWorldNews(parseJson(text, 'World News API'));
+}
diff --git a/src/data/local_data/natural_earth/README.md b/src/data/local_data/natural_earth/README.md
index d3a325585..c486383c1 100644
--- a/src/data/local_data/natural_earth/README.md
+++ b/src/data/local_data/natural_earth/README.md
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 # Natural Earth packs
 
-Offline named-region polygons for the voice-annotation resolver
-(`src/data/naturalEarthRegions.js`) — "outline the Alps" resolves to the real
-range geometry with no network dependency.
+Offline polygons with no network dependency. The voice-annotation resolver
+(`src/data/naturalEarthRegions.js`) reads the named regions, so "outline the
+Alps" resolves to the real range geometry; area annotations read the
+countries, states and provinces (`src/data/adminBoundaries.js`); and the News
+layer reads the countries and the disputed areas
+(`server/providers/news/areas.js`).
 
 | File | Source dataset | Features |
 |------|----------------|----------|
@@ -10,6 +13,7 @@ range geometry with no network dependency.
 | `marine.json` | `ne_10m_geography_marine_polys` (seas, gulfs, straits, bays, …) | 292 named |
 | `countries.json` | `ne_10m_admin_0_countries` (countries) | 256 |
 | `states_provinces.json` | `ne_10m_admin_1_states_provinces` (states, provinces and other first-level units) | 4,587 named |
+| `disputed_areas.json` | `ne_10m_admin_0_disputed_areas` (disputed, breakaway and UN-patrolled areas; a hand-picked set, see below) | 11 of 99 |
 
 **Source:** Natural Earth 10m physical vectors, via the canonical
 [nvkelso/natural-earth-vector](https://github.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector)
@@ -103,3 +107,42 @@ Includes England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland from
 `ne_10m_admin_0_map_units.geojson` at the same commit (SHA-256
 `57da82be755f4afccd8f3b14251bb2752f5df1395f47d2d86f817470c4a48862`).
 Result: 945,843 bytes; 260 features, 2,088 parts, 122,788 vertices.
+
+## Disputed areas (`disputed_areas.json`)
+
+The News layer's areas that no one country's name may stand for
+(`server/providers/news/areas.js`): a place inside one is named with the
+area ("Crimea"), and Local there reads no country's outlets.
+
+**Source:** `geojson/ne_10m_admin_0_disputed_areas.geojson` at the same pinned
+commit (SHA-256
+`9cafef8b7dfb6b164dc58f218f981f4ace9f716f6c03795d4c62d1ac9f3d50f5`), fetched
+2026-11-05. Public domain, as above.
+
+**Selection:** a hand-picked 11 of the source's 99 features. No rule picks
+them; this is the list:
+
+| Area | Natural Earth's note (`NOTE_BRK`) |
+|------|-----------------------------------|
+| Golan Heights | Admin. By Israel; Claimed by Syria |
+| UNDOF Zone | UN Patrolled Zone in Syria |
+| Transnistria | Self admin.; Claimed by Moldova |
+| Abyei | Admin. by Sudan; Claimed by South Sudan |
+| Crimea | Admin. by Russia; Claimed by Ukraine |
+| Shebaa Farms | Admin. By Israel; Claimed by Lebanon |
+| Bir Tawil | Between Egypt and Sudan |
+| Halayib Triangle | Admin. by Egypt; Claimed by Sudan |
+| East Jerusalem | Admin. By Israel; Claimed by Palestine |
+| Abu Musa I. | Admin. by Iran; Claimed by UAE |
+| Doumera Island | Admin. By Eritrea; Claimed by Djibouti |
+
+The source names three of these by a country ("Moldova", "Sudan", "Iran");
+the pack names them as the area. The 2014 Donetsk and Luhansk lines are left
+out as out of date. Every other feature is left out too, so a place there is
+named by its country in `countries.json`.
+
+**Curation:** `kind` (`held`, `self`, `un`, `unclaimed`), `heldBy` and
+`claimedBy` are read from `NOTE_BRK`, and `note` keeps it as published. Every
+part is kept; each ring is Douglas-Peucker simplified at 0.003°, coordinates
+are rounded to 3 decimals and rings are stored open. Provenance is in the
+pack's `meta`. Result: 14,504 bytes.
diff --git a/src/data/local_data/natural_earth/disputed_areas.json b/src/data/local_data/natural_earth/disputed_areas.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..078669288
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/local_data/natural_earth/disputed_areas.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"meta":{"title":"Natural Earth admin-0 disputed areas, for the News layer","source":"ne_10m_admin_0_disputed_areas","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector/ca96624a56bd078437bca8184e78163e5039ad19/geojson/ne_10m_admin_0_disputed_areas.geojson","sha256":"9cafef8b7dfb6b164dc58f218f981f4ace9f716f6c03795d4c62d1ac9f3d50f5","fetched":"2026-11-05","license":"Public domain (https://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/)","curation":"A hand-picked 11 of the source's 99 features: Golan Heights, UNDOF Zone, Transnistria, Abyei, Crimea, Shebaa Farms, Bir Tawil, Halayib Triangle, East Jerusalem, Abu Musa I. and Doumera Island. The source names three of them by a country (Moldova, Sudan, Iran); they are named here as the area. kind, heldBy and claimedBy are read from NOTE_BRK; note is NOTE_BRK as published. The 2014 Donetsk and Luhansk lines are left out as out of date. Every part kept; each ring Douglas-Peucker simplified at 0.003 degrees, coordinates rounded to 3 decimals, rings stored open."},"areas":[{"name":"Golan Heights","kind":"held","heldBy":"IL","claimedBy":"SY","note":"Admin. By Israel; Claimed by Syria","rings":[[[35.821,33.407],[35.81,33.36],[35.786,33.343],[35.764,33.334],[35.802,33.312],[35.769,33.273],[35.804,33.248],[35.808,33.202],[35.83,33.19],[35.833,33.161],[35.811,33.127],[35.811,33.112],[35.849,33.099],[35.846,33.085],[35.859,32.99],[35.888,32.945],[35.85,32.896],[35.838,32.866],[35.842,32.854],[35.834,32.828],[35.784,32.778],[35.758,32.744],[35.74,32.741],[35.685,32.711],[35.636,32.679],[35.612,32.682],[35.595,32.707],[35.6,32.717],[35.634,32.752],[35.635,32.769],[35.641,32.772],[35.635,32.794],[35.641,32.82],[35.638,32.832],[35.641,32.865],[35.638,32.875],[35.602,32.909],[35.615,32.921],[35.62,32.984],[35.588,33.018],[35.621,33.05],[35.634,33.052],[35.637,33.077],[35.656,33.125],[35.672,33.15],[35.661,33.213],[35.66,33.236],[35.666,33.247],[35.635,33.249],[35.608,33.239],[35.605,33.244],[35.618,33.256],[35.62,33.27],[35.631,33.275],[35.654,33.262],[35.712,33.307],[35.718,33.317],[35.716,33.327],[35.744,33.331],[35.769,33.343],[35.786,33.358],[35.806,33.391]]]},{"name":"UNDOF Zone","kind":"un","note":"UN Patrolled Zone in Syria","rings":[[[35.758,32.744],[35.784,32.778],[35.834,32.828],[35.842,32.854],[35.838,32.866],[35.85,32.896],[35.888,32.945],[35.859,32.99],[35.846,33.085],[35.849,33.099],[35.811,33.112],[35.811,33.127],[35.833,33.161],[35.83,33.19],[35.808,33.202],[35.804,33.248],[35.769,33.273],[35.802,33.312],[35.764,33.334],[35.786,33.343],[35.81,33.36],[35.821,33.407],[35.87,33.431],[35.873,33.416],[35.87,33.407],[35.845,33.389],[35.83,33.365],[35.83,33.351],[35.843,33.322],[35.845,33.304],[35.84,33.295],[35.819,33.284],[35.82,33.281],[35.851,33.276],[35.866,33.226],[35.889,33.199],[35.882,33.189],[35.885,33.179],[35.9,33.18],[35.911,33.166],[35.911,33.135],[35.892,33.124],[35.897,33.117],[35.903,33.117],[35.903,33.11],[35.868,33.107],[35.865,33.082],[35.877,32.993],[35.898,32.986],[35.924,32.968],[35.912,32.947],[35.89,32.929],[35.861,32.88],[35.843,32.822],[35.815,32.787],[35.791,32.774],[35.77,32.748],[35.764,32.747]]]},{"name":"Transnistria","kind":"self","claimedBy":"MD","note":"Self admin.; Claimed by Moldova","rings":[[[29.899,46.553],[29.868,46.58],[29.84,46.582],[29.831,46.588],[29.824,46.601],[29.776,46.58],[29.728,46.594],[29.748,46.617],[29.776,46.629],[29.759,46.658],[29.749,46.665],[29.728,46.67],[29.703,46.665],[29.696,46.676],[29.667,46.676],[29.69,46.707],[29.698,46.728],[29.665,46.801],[29.652,46.813],[29.62,46.815],[29.611,46.827],[29.619,46.832],[29.615,46.841],[29.59,46.824],[29.563,46.787],[29.549,46.793],[29.543,46.793],[29.531,46.783],[29.512,46.787],[29.498,46.801],[29.502,46.821],[29.495,46.828],[29.494,46.862],[29.477,46.889],[29.471,46.941],[29.46,46.953],[29.436,46.957],[29.376,46.935],[29.35,46.937],[29.316,46.958],[29.296,46.992],[29.325,46.988],[29.371,47.003],[29.378,47.012],[29.374,47.011],[29.364,47.033],[29.381,47.029],[29.383,47.042],[29.378,47.071],[29.372,47.078],[29.33,47.108],[29.296,47.122],[29.291,47.14],[29.237,47.162],[29.227,47.149],[29.221,47.149],[29.213,47.158],[29.188,47.162],[29.179,47.156],[29.18,47.145],[29.194,47.124],[29.19,47.111],[29.157,47.113],[29.148,47.096],[29.125,47.074],[29.099,47.092],[29.07,47.101],[29.095,47.135],[29.112,47.15],[29.145,47.163],[29.164,47.192],[29.179,47.197],[29.164,47.231],[29.094,47.31],[29.08,47.332],[29.079,47.348],[29.089,47.351],[29.123,47.329],[29.14,47.329],[29.154,47.336],[29.165,47.348],[29.139,47.376],[29.083,47.406],[29.091,47.437],[29.108,47.454],[29.111,47.464],[29.104,47.478],[29.093,47.487],[29.049,47.506],[29.034,47.518],[29.025,47.533],[29.016,47.582],[28.993,47.605],[28.987,47.622],[28.996,47.651],[28.988,47.661],[28.981,47.687],[28.976,47.743],[28.981,47.765],[29.018,47.827],[29.019,47.853],[28.981,47.875],[28.861,47.899],[28.829,47.917],[28.831,47.941],[28.813,47.965],[28.785,47.983],[28.754,47.979],[28.719,47.999],[28.698,48.022],[28.682,48.031],[28.652,48.019],[28.631,48.034],[28.619,48.033],[28.56,47.998],[28.538,47.994],[28.528,48.009],[28.533,48.02],[28.597,48.067],[28.628,48.063],[28.633,48.084],[28.63,48.092],[28.584,48.102],[28.538,48.12],[28.518,48.121],[28.501,48.113],[28.519,48.149],[28.542,48.156],[28.574,48.155],[28.666,48.129],[28.771,48.124],[28.799,48.112],[28.806,48.104],[28.812,48.083],[28.828,48.057],[28.833,48.025],[28.856,48.008],[28.883,47.977],[28.915,47.953],[28.95,47.935],[28.981,47.926],[29.017,47.931],[29.061,47.97],[29.093,47.98],[29.11,47.98],[29.136,47.968],[29.148,47.955],[29.173,47.891],[29.236,47.871],[29.233,47.857],[29.187,47.818],[29.178,47.801],[29.178,47.79],[29.187,47.783],[29.222,47.775],[29.235,47.767],[29.239,47.756],[29.197,47.718],[29.191,47.686],[29.192,47.651],[29.182,47.613],[29.131,47.56],[29.117,47.533],[29.13,47.493],[29.164,47.439],[29.182,47.43],[29.202,47.447],[29.218,47.452],[29.233,47.446],[29.251,47.425],[29.281,47.411],[29.301,47.378],[29.346,47.366],[29.359,47.353],[29.368,47.308],[29.394,47.285],[29.426,47.279],[29.442,47.282],[29.459,47.293],[29.481,47.338],[29.521,47.339],[29.557,47.324],[29.57,47.307],[29.579,47.284],[29.58,47.26],[29.569,47.243],[29.544,47.234],[29.54,47.213],[29.551,47.16],[29.545,47.136],[29.53,47.124],[29.481,47.117],[29.479,47.108],[29.52,47.06],[29.531,47.066],[29.551,47.09],[29.57,47.091],[29.595,47.075],[29.602,47.061],[29.603,47.046],[29.595,47.032],[29.572,47.012],[29.559,46.946],[29.567,46.935],[29.598,46.935],[29.632,46.914],[29.696,46.905],[29.712,46.893],[29.736,46.867],[29.754,46.858],[29.844,46.854],[29.872,46.838],[29.89,46.807],[29.917,46.814],[29.928,46.81],[29.932,46.772],[29.951,46.743],[29.953,46.725],[29.944,46.662],[29.932,46.632],[29.931,46.619],[29.95,46.579],[29.938,46.557],[29.916,46.554]]]},{"name":"Abyei","kind":"held","heldBy":"SD","claimedBy":"SS","note":"Admin. by Sudan; Claimed by South Sudan","rings":[[[27.895,9.595],[27.825,9.744],[27.825,10.16],[28.989,10.16],[28.989,9.587],[28.914,9.529],[28.849,9.466],[28.829,9.427],[28.831,9.349],[28.844,9.325],[28.045,9.331],[27.997,9.385]]]},{"name":"Crimea","kind":"held","heldBy":"RU","claimedBy":"UA","note":"Admin. by Russia; Claimed by Ukraine","rings":[[[33.629,46.125],[33.66,46.148],[33.671,46.173],[33.662,46.21],[33.67,46.218],[33.716,46.196],[33.755,46.193],[33.802,46.203],[33.846,46.196],[34.026,46.116],[34.105,46.095],[34.161,46.091],[34.201,46.1],[34.236,46.098],[34.301,46.07],[34.334,46.07],[34.362,46.056],[34.411,45.988],[34.465,45.955],[34.504,45.951],[34.53,45.981],[34.57,45.976],[34.642,45.981],[34.689,45.974],[34.735,45.953],[34.763,45.932],[34.784,45.899],[34.784,45.829],[34.789,45.804],[34.81,45.785],[34.871,45.773],[34.917,45.748],[34.952,45.722],[34.976,45.717],[35.002,45.729],[35.044,45.67],[35.332,45.371],[35.481,45.298],[35.518,45.295],[35.695,45.33],[35.716,45.341],[35.743,45.361],[35.753,45.386],[35.767,45.389],[35.788,45.407],[35.804,45.449],[35.817,45.464],[35.833,45.471],[35.858,45.469],[35.86,45.46],[35.847,45.426],[35.854,45.414],[35.947,45.372],[35.986,45.363],[36.022,45.368],[36.052,45.395],[36.069,45.43],[36.118,45.457],[36.137,45.462],[36.252,45.461],[36.284,45.477],[36.3,45.473],[36.307,45.461],[36.299,45.443],[36.312,45.444],[36.341,45.457],[36.412,45.436],[36.471,45.446],[36.491,45.443],[36.533,45.409],[36.549,45.412],[36.567,45.425],[36.583,45.427],[36.614,45.409],[36.638,45.351],[36.631,45.341],[36.586,45.334],[36.545,45.347],[36.502,45.347],[36.489,45.336],[36.484,45.316],[36.497,45.301],[36.491,45.292],[36.45,45.285],[36.437,45.272],[36.418,45.23],[36.409,45.149],[36.415,45.128],[36.455,45.092],[36.453,45.076],[36.44,45.067],[36.368,45.049],[36.268,45.044],[36.258,45.039],[36.244,45.011],[36.225,45.008],[36.136,45.021],[36.079,45.046],[36.079,45.039],[36.048,45.049],[36.025,45.033],[36.008,45.01],[35.993,44.998],[35.917,45.001],[35.848,44.992],[35.828,44.999],[35.813,45.032],[35.783,45.058],[35.706,45.095],[35.634,45.115],[35.591,45.12],[35.547,45.12],[35.506,45.114],[35.47,45.101],[35.408,45.062],[35.397,45.035],[35.401,45.025],[35.435,45.011],[35.435,45.005],[35.374,44.998],[35.362,44.987],[35.361,44.974],[35.367,44.943],[35.319,44.97],[35.298,44.956],[35.273,44.967],[35.256,44.959],[35.233,44.926],[35.215,44.914],[35.154,44.901],[35.13,44.869],[35.108,44.825],[35.081,44.794],[35.038,44.799],[35.006,44.835],[34.986,44.84],[34.942,44.84],[34.908,44.821],[34.89,44.818],[34.857,44.824],[34.827,44.812],[34.757,44.821],[34.721,44.811],[34.651,44.777],[34.613,44.765],[34.533,44.753],[34.5,44.743],[34.475,44.724],[34.473,44.73],[34.469,44.73],[34.414,44.674],[34.38,44.631],[34.331,44.545],[34.271,44.545],[34.243,44.507],[34.23,44.5],[34.182,44.493],[34.147,44.45],[34.103,44.425],[34.066,44.42],[33.958,44.383],[33.938,44.381],[33.852,44.402],[33.808,44.395],[33.721,44.4],[33.645,44.425],[33.632,44.434],[33.62,44.462],[33.578,44.497],[33.518,44.491],[33.487,44.51],[33.38,44.565],[33.372,44.576],[33.371,44.588],[33.375,44.585],[33.405,44.59],[33.436,44.605],[33.477,44.607],[33.5,44.614],[33.551,44.615],[33.572,44.621],[33.525,44.629],[33.516,44.634],[33.515,44.649],[33.544,44.683],[33.548,44.699],[33.525,44.772],[33.516,44.785],[33.528,44.793],[33.546,44.837],[33.56,44.85],[33.598,44.859],[33.609,44.872],[33.62,44.909],[33.62,44.931],[33.606,44.987],[33.585,45.018],[33.578,45.053],[33.563,45.094],[33.537,45.117],[33.469,45.149],[33.413,45.185],[33.396,45.19],[33.355,45.186],[33.26,45.156],[33.24,45.18],[33.174,45.197],[33.123,45.238],[33.098,45.248],[33.079,45.272],[33.043,45.285],[32.941,45.343],[32.899,45.354],[32.75,45.363],[32.729,45.361],[32.663,45.32],[32.591,45.32],[32.535,45.338],[32.513,45.341],[32.482,45.409],[32.495,45.436],[32.525,45.458],[32.644,45.522],[32.705,45.531],[32.735,45.545],[32.758,45.565],[32.773,45.567],[32.814,45.559],[32.828,45.562],[32.827,45.596],[32.868,45.63],[32.937,45.663],[33.176,45.743],[33.181,45.755],[33.159,45.769],[33.161,45.779],[33.169,45.784],[33.195,45.765],[33.23,45.751],[33.265,45.754],[33.338,45.786],[33.374,45.797],[33.41,45.827],[33.482,45.854],[33.508,45.843],[33.53,45.842],[33.554,45.847],[33.578,45.868],[33.62,45.882],[33.642,45.876],[33.659,45.859],[33.692,45.861],[33.694,45.914],[33.709,45.91],[33.777,45.93],[33.74,45.948],[33.682,45.958],[33.657,45.957],[33.632,45.944],[33.62,45.951],[33.647,45.98],[33.632,45.988],[33.631,45.997],[33.644,46.015],[33.628,46.068],[33.648,46.09],[33.644,46.105]]]},{"name":"Shebaa Farms","kind":"held","heldBy":"IL","claimedBy":"LB","note":"Admin. By Israel; Claimed by Lebanon","rings":[[[35.631,33.275],[35.652,33.277],[35.66,33.289],[35.699,33.323],[35.716,33.327],[35.718,33.317],[35.712,33.307],[35.676,33.276],[35.654,33.262],[35.642,33.266]]]},{"name":"Bir Tawil","kind":"unclaimed","note":"Between Egypt and Sudan","rings":[[[33.181,21.995],[34.084,21.995],[33.999,21.767],[33.558,21.711],[33.304,21.903]]]},{"name":"Halayib Triangle","kind":"held","heldBy":"EG","claimedBy":"SD","note":"Admin. by Egypt; Claimed by Sudan","rings":[[[36.884,21.996],[34.084,21.995],[34.147,22.192],[34.682,22.298],[34.944,22.858],[35.212,22.786],[35.621,23.139],[35.655,23.074],[35.668,22.983],[35.695,22.932],[35.737,22.884],[35.764,22.87],[35.723,22.932],[35.743,22.931],[35.756,22.922],[35.771,22.89],[35.785,22.833],[35.801,22.823],[35.848,22.763],[35.886,22.736],[35.94,22.717],[35.969,22.698],[36.121,22.676],[36.198,22.652],[36.226,22.635],[36.275,22.592],[36.291,22.568],[36.296,22.522],[36.313,22.492],[36.375,22.445],[36.405,22.433],[36.402,22.449],[36.407,22.449],[36.428,22.426],[36.423,22.398],[36.44,22.356],[36.508,22.328],[36.563,22.297],[36.623,22.25],[36.714,22.169],[36.733,22.16],[36.748,22.161],[36.757,22.177],[36.782,22.164],[36.796,22.151],[36.818,22.109],[36.872,22.074],[36.895,22.066],[36.898,22.017],[36.884,21.997]],[[36.651,22.272],[36.661,22.262],[36.66,22.244],[36.658,22.255],[36.631,22.252],[36.637,22.277],[36.649,22.281],[36.652,22.278],[36.644,22.273]],[[36.204,22.67],[36.207,22.66],[36.201,22.652],[36.185,22.673],[36.17,22.684],[36.194,22.685]],[[36.063,22.738],[36.067,22.728],[36.062,22.73],[36.056,22.743],[36.043,22.732],[36.047,22.726],[36.042,22.721],[36.038,22.737],[36.056,22.761],[36.066,22.767],[36.062,22.755],[36.064,22.743]],[[36.228,22.793],[36.25,22.789],[36.207,22.784],[36.197,22.791],[36.218,22.793],[36.214,22.814],[36.224,22.803],[36.222,22.793]]]},{"name":"East Jerusalem","kind":"held","heldBy":"IL","claimedBy":"PS","note":"Admin. By Israel; Claimed by Palestine","rings":[[[35.186,31.809],[35.184,31.825],[35.197,31.826],[35.216,31.82],[35.216,31.839],[35.205,31.877],[35.212,31.881],[35.222,31.879],[35.227,31.85],[35.233,31.843],[35.25,31.844],[35.257,31.839],[35.252,31.831],[35.265,31.826],[35.256,31.812],[35.263,31.79],[35.253,31.77],[35.263,31.749],[35.252,31.738],[35.242,31.711],[35.238,31.709],[35.224,31.719],[35.219,31.715],[35.205,31.723],[35.179,31.72],[35.167,31.732],[35.149,31.737],[35.209,31.747],[35.217,31.736],[35.223,31.735],[35.227,31.744],[35.243,31.751],[35.242,31.759],[35.23,31.762],[35.233,31.769],[35.224,31.801],[35.198,31.81]]]},{"name":"Abu Musa I.","kind":"held","heldBy":"IR","claimedBy":"AE","note":"Admin. by Iran; Claimed by UAE","rings":[[[55.049,25.886],[55.054,25.865],[55.033,25.855],[55.023,25.863],[55.018,25.86],[55.012,25.882],[55.044,25.893]]]},{"name":"Doumera Island","kind":"held","heldBy":"ER","claimedBy":"DJ","note":"Admin. By Eritrea; Claimed by Djibouti","rings":[[[43.14,12.72],[43.152,12.721],[43.152,12.713],[43.143,12.712],[43.139,12.718]]]}]}

From a5f98701792513dbd48d417937ee332340da0d5d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 19:45:19 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 051/181] Document the News layer's own sources, keys and
 limits

DATA_SOURCES, the README's layer and key tables, CURRENT-STATE and the
changelog describe the News layer as it now is: a configured news server,
or Core's own reading of GDELT (no key), Liveuamap (optional) and World
News API (Local, free plan backlink credited). .env.example gives the
download sizes and the daily read budget; KNOWN-ISSUES lists what machine
coding gets wrong and which disputed areas are named as themselves.
---
 .env.example                             | 25 +++++++++++++++++---
 DATA_SOURCES.md                          |  6 ++++-
 README.md                                | 15 ++++++++----
 changelog.d/0-regional-news-freshness.md |  2 +-
 changelog.d/1-news-layer.md              | 30 ++++++++++++++++--------
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                    | 10 ++++----
 docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md                     | 22 ++++++++++++++++-
 src/tooling/transitQa.test.mjs           |  2 +-
 8 files changed, 86 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
index d026e35e2..2b62f8871 100644
--- a/.env.example
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -318,7 +318,26 @@ GEMINI_CHAT_MODEL=gemini-3.5-flash-lite
 # Restart after changing. Leave blank for the existing global selection.
 # RADIO_PRIORITY_COUNTRIES=IN,PL
 # Optional: a news server for the News layer (its /api/news/hotspots, /feed
-# and /outline routes), such as https://news.example. The dev server forwards
-# only the layer's own GET requests there, with a 15 s timeout. Unset, Core
-# serves no news and the layer shows itself unavailable. SERVER-SIDE ONLY.
+# and /outline routes), such as https://news.example. The local server
+# forwards only the layer's own GET requests there, with a 15 s timeout. Set,
+# it wins over the settings below. SERVER-SIDE ONLY.
 # GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN=
+#
+# Without a news server Core reads the News layer itself. SERVER-SIDE ONLY.
+# Conflicts need no key: the last 24 h of GDELT events (its 15-minute export
+# files, about 100 KB each, about 10 MB a day; violence only, one report per
+# story at GDELT's place for it), titled from GDELT's GKG files (about 6 MB
+# each, about 23 MB an hour: the newest 3 h are read at start, then each new
+# one). Optional: Liveuamap's mapped reports beside them (paid API,
+# https://liveuamap.com/promo/api), read once every 5 minutes.
+# LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY=
+# Local: the day's news from the outlets of the country in view (free plan
+# of 50 points a day, https://worldnewsapi.com/console/), read once per
+# country every 30 minutes, about 1.5 points a read. Without it Local says
+# "key required". The free plan asks for a visible "World News API" link;
+# the app's Data attribution popover carries it.
+# WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY=
+# The most World News API reads a day (default 30, about 45 points, inside
+# the free plan). After that Local says the daily limit is reached.
+# Raise it on a paid plan.
+# WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS=30
diff --git a/DATA_SOURCES.md b/DATA_SOURCES.md
index 5bddb2349..3fdfda97b 100644
--- a/DATA_SOURCES.md
+++ b/DATA_SOURCES.md
@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@ How to read this:
 | **NASA GIBS** (WMTS tiles + Worldview Snapshots) and **NASA CMR** (granule catalog) | Recent Imagery layer: HLS S30/L30 (Sentinel-2, Landsat 8/9) and VIIRS true-colour tiles draped on the map, per-day thumbnails and PNG exports; the HLS granule catalog (dates, cloud, footprints) for a selected box | U.S. public domain (NASA data); keyless, browser-direct (CORS `*`); no bulk use — one 30-day catalog query per box, tiles bounded to the box, six tile requests in flight | "We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS)." — [gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov](https://gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov), [HLS](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/hlss30v002/) |
 | **NIFC WFIGS** (Wildland Fire Interagency Geospatial Services, ArcGIS feature service) | Fire Perimeters layer: current interagency wildfire incident perimeters, containment, and incident facts | U.S. public domain (interagency wildland-fire data published through the [NIFC Open Data portal](https://data-nifc.opendata.arcgis.com/)); fetched keyless through `/api/fire-perimeters` (5-minute server cache) with `exceededTransferLimit` paging | "Wildfire perimeters: National Interagency Fire Center (WFIGS)" |
 | **S2 Underground GhostMaps** (`github.com/s2underground/GhostMaps`) | S2 GhostMaps layer: the current edition of S2's KMZ intel products (Common Intelligence Picture, 30-day kinetic pull, Border Crisis Map, Iran and Yemen products, newest incident drop). Keyless. `/api/ghostmaps` reads the branch head from git's ref advertisement every 15 s (`GHOSTMAPS_POLL_SECONDS`, minimum 5 s), lists the tree through the GitHub REST API only when the head changes (optional `GITHUB_TOKEN`), downloads files by commit-pinned raw URLs into `.gev-cache/ghostmaps/` and pushes new catalogs to browsers over server-sent events | [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) (repository README: "S2 Underground © 2025 by S2A1"); non-commercial, attribution required; files are fetched at runtime, never stored in this repository | "S2 GhostMaps intel products: S2 Underground © by S2A1, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0" — shown in-app |
-| **News server** (`GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN`, optional; none by default) | News layer: curated hotspots and the last 24 h of reports from many publishers, merged into events. Core serves no news itself; the local server forwards the layer's `/api/news/hotspots`, `/feed` and `/outline` GET requests to the configured server | Each report stays its publisher's: headlines and summaries link to the original article, and pictures are hotlinked from the publisher's site (no referrer), never stored | Per report: publisher name and article link on every card; picture cards name the picture's publisher. No single provider is credited for the feed |
+| **News server** (`GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN`, optional; none by default) | News layer, both sections: the last 24 h of reports from many publishers. Set, the local server forwards the layer's `/api/news/hotspots`, `/feed` and `/outline` GET requests to it and Core reads none of the three sources below. Which providers stand behind its feed is the news server's to state | Each report stays its publisher's: headlines and summaries link to the original article, and pictures are hotlinked from the publisher's site (no referrer), never stored | Per report: publisher name and article link on every card; picture cards name the picture's publisher. The Data attribution popover states that places, categories, severity and English headlines are derived automatically and can be wrong |
+| **GDELT 2.0 events and GKG** (`data.gdeltproject.org/gdeltv2/`; no key; used only without a news server) | News layer, Conflicts: the last 24 h of GDELT's 15-minute event exports (`*.export.CSV.zip`, about 100 KB each), read server-side as they appear. Physical violence only (CAMEO roots 18–20); one report per story, copies of one agency story merged; placed at GDELT's location for it (a town the article's words name beats a bare country). Titled by the article's page title from the GKG export of the same quarter hour (`*.gkg.csv.zip`, about 6 MB each) for the newest 3 h, else by the words of the article's address. GDELT's actor coding is never shown. Categories, relevance and severity by bundled rules | [GDELT Terms of Use](https://www.gdeltproject.org/about.html#termsofuse): unrestricted academic, commercial and governmental use, with citation and a link to the GDELT Project. Coded events, page titles and article links only; linked articles keep their publishers' terms | "GDELT Project" with a link to gdeltproject.org in the Data attribution popover; "via GDELT Project", the publisher's domain and the article link on every card |
+| **Liveuamap** (`a.liveuamap.com/api`, `LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY`, optional, paid; used only without a news server) | News layer, Conflicts, beside GDELT: Liveuamap's worldwide mapped items of the last 24 h (`a=mpts`), read server-side every 5 minutes; categories and severity are read from the headline by bundled rules | Liveuamap API terms of the operator's own subscription. Headlines, places and links only; item pictures and clips are hotlinked from Liveuamap, never stored | "Liveuamap" with a link in the Data attribution popover once its items show; "Liveuamap" and the item's Liveuamap link on every card |
+| **World News API** (`api.worldnewsapi.com/search-news`, `WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`, optional; used only without a news server) | News layer, Local: the last 24 h of news by the source country at the view centre (country from the bundled Natural Earth admin-0 pack; none in a disputed area), read server-side once per country every 30 minutes, about 1.5 points a read; at most `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads a day (default 30), after which Local says the daily limit is reached. Sport, entertainment, lifestyle and travel left out | [World News API terms](https://worldnewsapi.com/terms/) of the operator's own plan; the free plan (50 points a day) requires a visible backlink to worldnewsapi.com in the app, paid plans do not. Titles and links only; article text and summaries are not kept or shown; pictures are hotlinked from the publisher | The "World News API" link to worldnewsapi.com, always in the Data attribution popover (the free plan's required backlink); "via World News API", the publisher's domain and the article link on every card |
 | **InciWeb** (inciweb.wildfire.gov)                                    | Per-incident "InciWeb ↗" card links to official incident pages (narratives, evacuation/closure notices) | U.S. government public incident information. Links are matched best-effort by incident name and state, with incident page origin and update times checked on selection. Same-origin `/api/fire-perimeters/inciweb` routes cache the catalog for 1 hour and publication metadata for 30 minutes; linked pages remain InciWeb content | "Incident information: InciWeb (inciweb.wildfire.gov)" |
 | **FAA Special Use Airspace** (`services6.arcgis.com` FeatureServer `Special_Use_Airspace`) | Prohibited & Restricted Airspace layer: US prohibited (P) and restricted (R) special-use airspace polygons (not the UAS Facility Map or UAS flight restrictions), altitude limits from the `*_VAL`/`*_UOM`/`*_CODE` fields, times of use, and controlling agency | U.S. public domain (FAA aeronautical data published through the [FAA AIS Open Data portal](https://adds-faa.opendata.arcgis.com/)); fetched keyless through `/api/drone-airspace` (1-hour server cache). Informational only — not a substitute for official UAS flight-planning tools | "Prohibited & restricted airspace: FAA Special Use Airspace" |
 | **OpenFreeMap / OpenMapTiles** | Vector tiles | OpenStreetMap data under ODbL 1.0 | OpenFreeMap © OpenMapTiles |
@@ -220,6 +223,7 @@ The [Bhote Koshi event pack](public/events/bhote-koshi-2026/README.md), under `p
 | **Natural Earth physical regions** (1,046 land + 292 marine named polygons) | `natural_earth/`                  | **Public domain**                                                                                         | ✅ (no restrictions)                             | "Made with Natural Earth" (courtesy credit — not legally required)          |
 | **DataSF Analysis Neighborhoods** (41 SF neighborhood polygons)             | `neighborhoods/`                  | **PDDL 1.0** (public domain)                                                                              | ✅ (no restrictions)                             | "City & County of San Francisco — DataSF" (courtesy — not legally required) |
 | **Natural Earth countries, states and provinces** (260 admin-0/map units + 4,587 admin-1 polygons)             | `natural_earth/`                  | **Public domain**                                                                                         | ✅ (no restrictions)                             | "Made with Natural Earth" (courtesy credit — not legally required)          |
+| **Natural Earth disputed areas** (11 of the source's 99 features, hand-picked; [list](src/data/local_data/natural_earth/README.md#disputed-areas-disputed_areasjson)) | `natural_earth/` | **Public domain** | ✅ (no restrictions) | "Made with Natural Earth" (courtesy credit — not legally required) |
 | **US Census Bureau counties** (3,235 county polygons)                       | `us_census_counties/`             | **Public domain**                                                                                         | ✅ (no restrictions)                             | "U.S. Census Bureau" (courtesy — not legally required)                      |
 | **US Census Bureau places** (32,629 city, town and CDP polygons)            | `us_census_places/`               | **Public domain**                                                                                         | ✅ (no restrictions)                             | "U.S. Census Bureau" (courtesy — not legally required)                      |
 | **Who's On First neighborhoods** (61,441 polygons)                          | `wof_neighborhoods/`              | Per source: CC BY, ODC-By, Open Government licences, CC0, PDDL, public domain (folder `ATTRIBUTION.md`)   | ✅ (attribution)                                 | "Neighborhood boundaries: Who's On First and contributors"; per-source credits in the folder |
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 6212f3991..d955ee57c 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ _Ask for radio near anywhere and the globe starts broadcasting — every station
 
 ## 🛰️ What's on the Globe
 
-Twenty-one layers and map sources. **Nineteen have a keyless path.** Some offer additional capabilities with a provider key. (🟢 no key · 🟡 free key · 🔴 metered.)
+Twenty-two layers and map sources. **Twenty have a keyless path.** Some offer additional capabilities with a provider key. (🟢 no key · 🟡 free key · 🔴 metered.)
 
 | Layer                       | What you get                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Source                                  | Auth                                                                                                |
 | --------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
@@ -438,6 +438,7 @@ Twenty-one layers and map sources. **Nineteen have a keyless path.** Some offer
 | 🚢 **Live Vessels**         | Thousands of ships worldwide                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | AISStream                               | 🟡                                                                                                  |
 | 🛰️ **Satellites**           | 838-object catalog, color-coded by class with a live legend — the **DENSE** chip drops in the whole Starlink shell                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | CelesTrak                               | 🟢                                                                                                  |
 | 🌍 **Earthquakes**          | Global seismic activity, last 24h                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | USGS                                    | 🟢                                                                                                  |
+| 📰 **News**                 | The last 24 hours of news in the right-rail **NEWS** panel, narrowed to 12, 6, 3 or 1 hours, with picture cards and clips. **Conflicts**: physical violence worldwide from GDELT's event files, one report per story at GDELT's place for it, plus Liveuamap's mapped items with a key. **Local**: the news of the country at the view centre, its outline and name on the globe; a disputed area of the bundled list is named as itself. Places and categories are machine-coded and can be wrong | GDELT · Liveuamap · World News API, or your own news server | 🟢 Conflicts · 🟡 Local (World News API) · 🔴 Liveuamap items |
 | ◍ **Air quality**           | Live AQHI on the published 1–10+ health-risk scale, with a Weather-panel card showing the band legend and the highest readings in view. **Canada only** — ECCC is the first registered provider | ECCC MSC GeoMet                          | 🟢                                                                                                  |
 | 🚗 **Traffic**              | Simulated vehicles on OSM roads. With TomTom, live flow speeds drive the simulation and congestion colors below ~8 km; individual vehicle positions are not live observations                                                                                                                                                                                                       | TomTom + OSM                            | 🟢 simulation · 🟡 live flow speeds                                                                 |
 | 📹 **CCTV Mesh**            | ~4,000 public cameras (shared cap) projected _into_ the 3D space — Austin · Texas (TxDOT) · California (Caltrans) · London (TfL) · Ontario (511, free developer key) · Finland (Fintraffic) · British Columbia (DriveBC) · Estonia (Tallinn, Tarktee) · Delaware (DelDOT live video) · New South Wales (Live Traffic NSW) · Calgary · Norway (Statens vegvesen) · Toronto · King County (WA) · Washington (WSDOT) · Catalonia (Servei Català de Trànsit) · Hong Kong (Transport Department) · Taiwan (Freeway Bureau, MOTC) · Italy (A22 Brennero motorway), plus opt-in New York City (NYC DOT TMC, needs your own NYC DOT agreement), opt-in Lithuania (Via Lietuva / Eismoinfo, photo licence unconfirmed), opt-in Florida (FL511, individual personal use only; other use needs FDOT's written consent) and opt-in Houston (TranStar, enable only with TxDOT's written permission per TranStar's Content Usage terms). Positions are published; poses are estimated priors **you calibrate by dragging a gizmo on the camera itself** | City APIs                               | 🟢                                                                                                  |
@@ -566,12 +567,14 @@ and configuration details.
 
 No key needed for Wind, Rain radar, Satellite clouds, Lightning density,
 Cyclone advisories, Mapped ALPR Cameras, Transit, Directions, Delaware live
-video, and coordinate or bundled-place search. A layer row waiting on a key
+video, the News layer's Conflicts section, and coordinate or bundled-place
+search. A layer row waiting on a key
 names it.
 
 ### Choose the capabilities you want
 
-Seven keys. Five have a free tier, and the two 🔴 ones are metered:
+Nine keys. Six have a free tier. Of the three 🔴 ones, Google Maps and OpenAI are
+metered and Liveuamap is a paid subscription:
 
 |     | Key             | Why                                                                                                                                                                                  | Get it                                                                                                                                                               |
 | --- | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
@@ -582,6 +585,8 @@ Seven keys. Five have a free tier, and the two 🔴 ones are metered:
 | 🟡  | **NASA FIRMS**  | 🔥 Live active fires                                                                                                                                                                 | [firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov](https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/api/map_key/) — free                                                                             |
 | 🟡  | **TomTom**      | 🚦 Live flow speeds and congestion colors for the simulated traffic layer                                                                                                            | [my.tomtom.com](https://my.tomtom.com/keys) — free tier available                                                                                                    |
 | 🟡  | **Mapillary**   | 📷 Street Level coverage and photos. A public client token by design (see SECURITY.md)                                                                                               | [mapillary.com/dashboard/developers](https://www.mapillary.com/dashboard/developers) — register an app, copy its Client Token                                        |
+| 🟡  | **World News API** | 📰 News layer, Local: the news of the country in view. The free plan (50 points a day) needs the in-app "World News API" link, which the Data attribution popover carries; `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` (default 30) keeps Core inside it | [worldnewsapi.com/console](https://worldnewsapi.com/console/) — free plan |
+| 🔴  | **Liveuamap**   | 📰 News layer, Conflicts: Liveuamap's mapped items beside GDELT's reports (🟢 Conflicts works without) | [liveuamap.com/promo/api](https://liveuamap.com/promo/api) — paid API |
 
 ![Diving from city-scale live congestion straight into an intersection's public camera](docs/media/05-traffic-to-cctv.gif)
 
@@ -655,8 +660,8 @@ Honest numbers, roughly, as of mid-2026 — always check the provider pricing pa
 
 |                          | Cost reality                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
 | ------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| **🟢 Most layers**       | **$0, no signup.** OpenSky anon, USGS, CelesTrak, adsb.lol, city CCTV, Radio Browser, GBFS, Launch Library 2, transit feeds, OSRM routing, NOAA and ECMWF weather, OpenStreetMap ALPR mapping, bundled datasets.                                                                                                                                                            |
-| **🟡 The free-key tier** | **$0 with a signup.** AISStream, FIRMS, TomTom, OpenSky, plus Cesium ion for eligible personal/non-commercial use. Provider quotas and eligibility still apply.                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
+| **🟢 Most layers**       | **$0, no signup.** OpenSky anon, USGS, CelesTrak, adsb.lol, city CCTV, Radio Browser, GBFS, Launch Library 2, transit feeds, OSRM routing, NOAA and ECMWF weather, OpenStreetMap ALPR mapping, GDELT news events, bundled datasets.                                                                                                                                                            |
+| **🟡 The free-key tier** | **$0 with a signup.** AISStream, FIRMS, TomTom, OpenSky, World News API, plus Cesium ion for eligible personal/non-commercial use. Provider quotas and eligibility still apply.                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
 | **🗺️ Google 3D tiles**   | **Free through an eligible Cesium ion Community account within its quota; metered through a direct Google key.** Use the direct route for Google place search or commercial deployment, verify current provider terms, and set budget alerts where billing is enabled.                                                                                                      |
 | **🔴 OpenAI voice**      | API-key sessions keep the live spend readout, STD/MINI model toggle, $2 warning, and **$5 hard cap**. ChatGPT OAuth is an explicit choice in Provider Settings. Its usage is tracked without an API-dollar estimate or spend cap. The voice context window stays deliberately short. |
 
diff --git a/changelog.d/0-regional-news-freshness.md b/changelog.d/0-regional-news-freshness.md
index b0d6d831f..7ab1e3032 100644
--- a/changelog.d/0-regional-news-freshness.md
+++ b/changelog.d/0-regional-news-freshness.md
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@
   a failed refresh as `CACHED · REFRESH FAILED`, `NO NEWS IN THE LAST 24 H`,
   and `REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE`. The banner is now really hidden over a
   populated list, and the footer no longer reverts to a static `RECENT` on a
-  page change.
+  page change (AUTHOR, #0).
diff --git a/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md b/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
index d8925eaeb..3448367df 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
@@ -1,11 +1,21 @@
 - Add the News layer (Events ▸ News) and its right-rail NEWS panel: the last
-  24 hours from curated hotspots (or the fewer hours a server names), narrowed
-  in the panel to the last 12, 6, 3 or 1 hours with the hotspot counts read for
-  that window, coloured by severity only, with hotspot
-  beacons, outlines with disputed areas, picture cards for major events and a
-  continuous feed whose cards fly the globe to the event. A feed card shows its
-  event's picture even when one source reports it, and an open card plays the
-  post's clip on request. The panel's Local
-  section lists every report within 500 km of the view below 3,000 km, and the
-  map shows those instead of the hotspots' news while it is chosen. Core serves no news itself: set `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` to a news
-  server and the local server forwards the layer's three read routes there.
+  24 hours of news, narrowed in the panel to the last 12, 6, 3 or 1 hours with
+  the hotspot counts read for that window. Markers are coloured by severity
+  only, with hotspot beacons, outlines with disputed areas, picture cards for
+  major events and a continuous feed whose cards fly the globe to the event.
+  An open card plays the post's clip on request. The panel has two sections.
+  Conflicts lists the hotspots' news. Local, below 3,000 km, lists every
+  report in the area at the view centre, names and outlines that area on the
+  globe, and shows those reports on the map instead while it is chosen; a
+  disputed area is named as itself and read from no country's outlets. Set
+  `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` to a news server and the local server forwards the
+  layer's three read routes there. Unset, Core answers them itself:
+  Conflicts from the last 24 hours of GDELT 2.0 event exports with no key
+  (physical violence only, one report per story at GDELT's place for it,
+  titled from GDELT's GKG files for the newest 3 hours), plus Liveuamap's
+  mapped items with `LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY`; Local from World News API with
+  `WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`, at most `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads a day
+  (default 30). A section says when its key is required, refused or out of
+  its daily allowance. The Data attribution popover credits the GDELT
+  Project, World News API and, once its items show, Liveuamap
+  (AUTHOR, #1).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 4a52c0d74..ea0210440 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -4216,7 +4216,7 @@ its criteria cannot be silently ignored.
 | Ski Pistes ⛷ (`ski-pistes`) | OpenSnowMap piste raster tiles (keyless; CC BY-SA tiles, OSM data ODbL; no bulk download) | `src/data/osmOverlays.js` | — (browser-direct tiles) | on view (Cesium tile requests; no polling) |
 | Fire Perimeters 🔥 | NIFC WFIGS current interagency perimeters (keyless, paged past the 2000-record cap); InciWeb catalog + incident page origin and update time checks for verified incident-page links | `src/layers/perimeters/` via `src/app/layers/perimeters.js` | `/api/fire-perimeters` + `/api/fire-perimeters/inciweb/*` | 5 min (server caches: catalog 1 h; publication 30 min) |
 | Prohibited & Restricted Airspace 🚫 | FAA Special Use Airspace prohibited (P) and restricted (R) zones (keyless FeatureServer, simplified geometry) | `src/layers/droneAirspace/` via `src/app/layers/droneAirspace.js` | `/api/drone-airspace` | 1 h (server cache 1 h; stale-on-error) |
-| News ◆ (`news`) | A news server's `/api/news` read routes (curated hotspots, last 24 h of reports merged into events, outlines); Core serves none itself | `src/layers/news/` via `src/app/layers/news.js`; panel `src/ui/newsPanel.js` | `/api/news/hotspots`, `/api/news/feed`, `/api/news/outline` (local dev proxies `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN`; unset answers "not configured") | 2 min map refresh; In view re-read when the camera settles 0.8 s in a new half-degree cell below 3,000 km |
+| News ◆ (`news`) | The last 24 h of reports in two sections, Conflicts and Local, with hotspots, outlines and disputed areas: from a news server (`GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN`), else Core's own reading of GDELT 2.0 events (no key), Liveuamap (`LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY`) and World News API (`WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`) | `src/layers/news/` via `src/app/layers/news.js`; panel `src/ui/newsPanel.js`, `src/ui/news/`; server `server/providers/news.js`, `server/providers/news/` | `/api/news/hotspots`, `/api/news/feed`, `/api/news/outline` (forwarded to `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` when set, else answered by Core) | 2 min map refresh; Local re-read when the camera settles 0.8 s in a new half-degree cell below 3,000 km |
 
 GNSS Integrity samples a 250 nm circle around the Earth point under the screen
 centre. Camera reads debounce for 600 ms with a monotonic 2.5 s minimum gap;
@@ -5849,9 +5849,11 @@ request viewbox and continues searching without that geographic preference.
 
 ### News (November 2026)
 
-- **What it shows.** Events ▸ **News**: reports from curated hotspots (Ukraine–Russia, Israel–Gaza–Lebanon, Iran–Hormuz, Yemen–Red Sea, Sudan, Sahel, and developing situations elsewhere), the last 24 hours only. Zoomed out, one beacon per hotspot with its daily count and trend, and a breathing beacon per developing situation (still under reduced motion). Below 2,500 km (7,500 km with a hotspot chosen), the hotspot outlines with disputed areas dotted and named, and every geocoded report as a ground-clamped marker: fill is severity (0 grey no physical event, 1 yellow minor, 2 orange significant, 3 red major), the icon is the category, the rim is attestation (solid confirmed, dashed claim, thin single), size grows with sources and the marker fades over the day. Colour never marks a side. Up to ten picture cards (physical events with two or more sources, major or pressing) stand over their markers without overlapping; "Show event cards" off leaves only the selected one. A selected report's card reads "Source: host ↗" and opens the article.
-- **Panel.** The right-rail NEWS panel (`src/ui/newsPanel.js`, `src/ui/news/`) shows "Last 24 h", hotspot chips, severity (significant and above by default), category, "Include minor news" (off) and "Show event cards" (on), "In view" (reports within 500 km of the view centre while the camera is below 3,000 km) and a continuous feed of event cards: the publisher's picture when the event has one (hotlinked, no referrer, publisher credited), the headline (the model's English headline marked as such), a mono meta line (severity marker, category, place, sources, age), "Reported by UA sources · RU sources", attestation and media chips. A click flies the camera straight down from 150 km and selects the report.
-- **Source.** `sources.news` (`createNewsSource`, export `./layers/news/source`) reads same-origin `/api/news/*` with a 15 s timeout, a 4 MiB cap and record-by-record validation; `newsQueryAllowed` lets a host admit exactly the client's requests. Core's local server (`server/providers/news.js`) forwards only those GET requests to `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN`; unset, every route answers 503 `news_not_configured` and the layer reads unavailable without retrying until it is turned off and on. The feed has no area query, so In view filters the day's geocoded reports by distance.
+- **What it shows.** Events ▸ **News**: the last 24 hours only, or the fewer hours a server names. Zoomed out, one beacon per hotspot with its count for the window and its trend, and a breathing beacon per developing situation (still under reduced motion). Below 2,500 km (7,500 km with a hotspot chosen), the hotspot outlines with disputed areas dotted and named, and every placed report as a ground-clamped marker: fill is severity (0 grey no physical event, 1 yellow minor, 2 orange significant, 3 red major), the icon is the category, the rim is attestation (solid confirmed, dashed claim, thin single), size grows with sources and the marker fades over the day. Colour never marks a side. Up to ten picture cards (physical events with two or more sources, major or pressing) stand over their markers without overlapping. A selected report's card reads "Source: host ↗" and opens the article.
+- **Panel.** The right-rail NEWS panel (`src/ui/newsPanel.js`, `src/ui/news/`) has a time window at the top (the server's 24 h, or 12, 6, 3 or 1 h; the hotspot counts are read for the chosen window) and two sections. **Conflicts**: hotspot chips with counts, a severity floor (significant and above by default), a category filter, the chosen event, and a continuous feed, newest first. **Local**, while the camera is below 3,000 km: every report in the area at the view centre, named at the top ("News from …") and outlined on the globe, which then shows those reports instead of the hotspots' news; at sea, reports within 500 km. A disputed area of the bundled list (11, see `src/data/local_data/natural_earth/README.md`) is named as itself and read from no country's outlets; elsewhere Natural Earth's default country lines apply. Each card shows the publisher's picture when the event has one (hotlinked, no referrer, publisher credited), the headline (a model's English headline marked as such), a mono meta line (severity marker, category, place, sources, age), who reported it, attestation and media chips, and the service it came through ("via GDELT Project"). Open, a card plays the post's clip on request. A click flies the camera straight down from 150 km and selects the report.
+- **Notices.** A section whose key the server lacks says "{provider} key required" and names the variable; a refused key says "{provider} refused its key"; a spent daily allowance says "{provider} limit reached for today". The other section keeps working.
+- **Source.** `sources.news` (`createNewsSource`, export `./layers/news/source`) reads same-origin `/api/news/*` with a 15 s timeout, a 4 MiB cap and record-by-record validation; `newsQueryAllowed` lets a host admit exactly the client's requests. Core's local server (`server/providers/news.js`) forwards only those GET requests to `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` when it is set.
+- **Built-in backend.** With `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` unset, Core answers the same routes itself (`server/providers/news/keyed.js`). **Conflicts** needs no key: the last 24 h of GDELT 2.0 event exports (15-minute files on `data.gdeltproject.org`, about 100 KB each), physical violence only (CAMEO roots 18–20), one report per story with copies of one agency story merged, placed at GDELT's location for it (a town the article's words name beats a bare country). Titles are the article's page title from GDELT's GKG export of the same quarter hour (about 6 MB each) for the newest 3 h, else the words of the article's address; GDELT's actor coding is never shown. With `LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY`, Liveuamap's mapped items stand beside GDELT's. **Local** reads World News API (`WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`) by the source country at the view centre, once per country every 30 minutes (about 1.5 points a read, at most `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads a day, default 30), plus the Conflicts reports placed inside the area. Areas come from the bundled Natural Earth countries and disputed areas (`server/providers/news/areas.js`). Categories, relevance and severity are bundled rules (`categorize.js`); a news server may replace them.
 - **State.** Share/restore token `6`, enabled-only. Voice is off for this layer (`VOICE_OFF_LAYERS`).
 
 ### S2 GhostMaps (October 2026)
diff --git a/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md b/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
index 53c7949c6..3a87eb1b5 100644
--- a/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
+++ b/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # KNOWN ISSUES
 
-Updated: September 22, 2026
+Updated: November 5, 2026
 
 This file tracks active runtime issues only.
 
@@ -127,6 +127,26 @@ Status: Open (limits)
 
 ---
 
+### News layer without a news server
+Status: Open (limits)
+
+- GDELT's places and categories are machine-coded and approximate. A report can
+  be placed in the wrong town of the same name, or at a country an article only
+  names as a nationality ("Syrian refugees" placed in Syria).
+- Copies of one agency story are merged, but the same event under different
+  wording stays as separate reports.
+- Only the 11 disputed areas in the bundled list
+  (`src/data/local_data/natural_earth/README.md`) are named as themselves;
+  everywhere else Natural Earth's default country lines apply, so a place in
+  Western Sahara or Kashmir, for example, is named with the country those
+  lines put it in. GDELT places a whole city at one point: Jerusalem's falls
+  inside East Jerusalem, so it is named "Jerusalem" alone.
+- Local needs a World News API key. Its free plan allows 50 points a day; Core
+  stops at `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads (default 30) and Local then says the
+  daily limit is reached.
+
+---
+
 ## Closed / Intentional (for clarity)
 
 ### Proxy SSRF and error-surface hardening gaps
diff --git a/src/tooling/transitQa.test.mjs b/src/tooling/transitQa.test.mjs
index a879eac5c..0b4af4a16 100644
--- a/src/tooling/transitQa.test.mjs
+++ b/src/tooling/transitQa.test.mjs
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ test('public transit documentation uses courtesy attribution and the approved gr
   );
   assert.ok(
     readme.includes(
-      'Twenty-one layers and map sources. **Nineteen have a keyless path.**',
+      'Twenty-two layers and map sources. **Twenty have a keyless path.**',
     ),
   );
   assert.ok(

From 71adf0d8cd6e00850298a83e71625694939357e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 20:20:19 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 052/181] Let a host turn Core's own news reading off

A host that serves news only from its own news server mounts the proxy with
`builtIn: false`: without GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN the routes then answer "not
configured", as before Core read any news itself.
---
 server/providers/news.js       | 18 ++++++++++++++----
 server/providers/news.test.mjs | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/server/providers/news.js b/server/providers/news.js
index 0ad78665a..9184161a1 100644
--- a/server/providers/news.js
+++ b/server/providers/news.js
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ import { createKeyedNews } from './news/keyed.js';
 // is no plain origin, warned of once), Core answers the same routes itself
 // (news/keyed.js): Conflicts from GDELT's event exports with no key, and
 // Liveuamap's items beside them with LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY; Local from World
-// News API, "key required" while WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY is unset.
+// News API, "key required" while WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY is unset. A host that
+// serves news only from its own server mounts it with `builtIn: false`.
 
 const TIMEOUT_MS = 15_000;
 const MAX_BYTES = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
@@ -63,8 +64,10 @@ function configuredOrigin(env, log) {
 
 /**
  * A thin, validated GET proxy for the news layer's three read routes, or
- * their keyed answers without a news server.
- * @param {{env?: () => object, log?: (message: string) => void, origin?: () => string|null, fetchImpl?: typeof fetch, timeoutMs?: number, keyed?: {answer: (path: string, params: URLSearchParams) => Promise<{status: number, body: object}>}}} [options]
+ * their keyed answers without a news server. A host that serves news only
+ * from its own server passes `builtIn: false`: without GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN the
+ * routes then answer "not configured" and Core reads nothing itself.
+ * @param {{env?: () => object, log?: (message: string) => void, origin?: () => string|null, fetchImpl?: typeof fetch, timeoutMs?: number, builtIn?: boolean, keyed?: {answer: (path: string, params: URLSearchParams) => Promise<{status: number, body: object}>}|null}} [options]
  */
 export function newsProxy({
   env = () => process.env,
@@ -72,7 +75,8 @@ export function newsProxy({
   origin = configuredOrigin(env, log),
   fetchImpl = (...args) => globalThis.fetch(...args),
   timeoutMs = TIMEOUT_MS,
-  keyed = createKeyedNews({ env, fetchImpl, log }),
+  builtIn = true,
+  keyed = builtIn ? createKeyedNews({ env, fetchImpl, log }) : null,
 } = {}) {
   const json = (res, status, value) => {
     if (res.destroyed) return;
@@ -96,6 +100,12 @@ export function newsProxy({
       return json(res, 400, { error: 'invalid_news_request' });
     const base = origin();
     if (!base) {
+      if (!keyed)
+        return json(res, 503, {
+          error: 'news_not_configured',
+          unavailable: true,
+          retryable: false,
+        });
       try {
         const { status, body } = await keyed.answer(
           local.pathname,
diff --git a/server/providers/news.test.mjs b/server/providers/news.test.mjs
index 07c1f0fd1..bef3512c5 100644
--- a/server/providers/news.test.mjs
+++ b/server/providers/news.test.mjs
@@ -192,3 +192,29 @@ test('a built-in answer that throws is a 502, logged in one line without address
   assert.match(logs[0], /TypeError/);
   assert.doesNotMatch(logs[0], /key=abc|\n/);
 });
+
+test('a host that serves news only from its own server turns the built-in backend off', async () => {
+  let fetches = 0;
+  const call = mount({
+    origin: () => null,
+    builtIn: false,
+    fetchImpl: async () => {
+      fetches++;
+      throw new Error('unexpected');
+    },
+  });
+  for (const url of [
+    '/hotspots',
+    '/feed?hotspot=all',
+    '/outline?at=51.13,71.43&v=4',
+  ]) {
+    const answer = await call(url);
+    assert.equal(answer.status, 503, url);
+    assert.deepEqual(answer.json, {
+      error: 'news_not_configured',
+      unavailable: true,
+      retryable: false,
+    });
+  }
+  assert.equal(fetches, 0);
+});

From 66ed0386a64b42223425a80ee565174625f73635 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 21:53:04 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 053/181] Put the News layer and Cockpit news entries in one
 changelog fragment

One pull request carries both, and a pull request number names one fragment.
---
 changelog.d/{1-news-layer.md => 0-news-layer.md} | 7 +++++++
 changelog.d/0-regional-news-freshness.md         | 7 -------
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
 rename changelog.d/{1-news-layer.md => 0-news-layer.md} (75%)
 delete mode 100644 changelog.d/0-regional-news-freshness.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md b/changelog.d/0-news-layer.md
similarity index 75%
rename from changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
rename to changelog.d/0-news-layer.md
index 3448367df..6acd7e9d4 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1-news-layer.md
+++ b/changelog.d/0-news-layer.md
@@ -19,3 +19,10 @@
   its daily allowance. The Data attribution popover credits the GDELT
   Project, World News API and, once its items show, Liveuamap
   (AUTHOR, #1).
+- Cockpit Regional News holds its list to the last 24 hours, newest first, on
+  the server and in the client, and labels its four states apart: fresh
+  results with no banner and a `LAST 24 H` footer, earlier results kept after
+  a failed refresh as `CACHED · REFRESH FAILED`, `NO NEWS IN THE LAST 24 H`,
+  and `REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE`. The banner is now really hidden over a
+  populated list, and the footer no longer reverts to a static `RECENT` on a
+  page change (AUTHOR, #0).
diff --git a/changelog.d/0-regional-news-freshness.md b/changelog.d/0-regional-news-freshness.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 7ab1e3032..000000000
--- a/changelog.d/0-regional-news-freshness.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-- Cockpit Regional News holds its list to the last 24 hours, newest first, on
-  the server and in the client, and labels its four states apart: fresh
-  results with no banner and a `LAST 24 H` footer, earlier results kept after
-  a failed refresh as `CACHED · REFRESH FAILED`, `NO NEWS IN THE LAST 24 H`,
-  and `REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE`. The banner is now really hidden over a
-  populated list, and the footer no longer reverts to a static `RECENT` on a
-  page change (AUTHOR, #0).

From 1e78ac931cdac537f938f25f89950010ee4186cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 22:34:38 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 054/181] Blame a GDELT export only while GDELT answers, and
 fix the review's notes

An export is given up on (never published, unreadable, or failing three
times) only while GDELT itself answers: its list of exports read, or
another export of the same round read. An outage that answers 404, or junk,
for everything now gives up on nothing, and a failing file earns one strike
a round rather than three within the first seconds' rounds.

Docs: News's share token is 9; territories without a country code are named
as themselves too; the changelog fragment credits one pull request. Unused
exports dropped from the rules and stale scaffolding from the ledger tests.
---
 .env.example                            |  1 +
 README.md                               |  2 +-
 changelog.d/0-news-layer.md             |  2 +-
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                   |  4 +-
 docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md                    |  9 ++--
 server/providers/news/categorize.js     | 13 +++--
 server/providers/news/keyed.js          | 32 ++++++-----
 server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs    | 70 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs | 14 ++---
 9 files changed, 107 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
index 2b62f8871..342ed6720 100644
--- a/.env.example
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -317,6 +317,7 @@ GEMINI_CHAT_MODEL=gemini-3.5-flash-lite
 # Each reserves up to 40 stations within the existing 750-station directory.
 # Restart after changing. Leave blank for the existing global selection.
 # RADIO_PRIORITY_COUNTRIES=IN,PL
+
 # Optional: a news server for the News layer (its /api/news/hotspots, /feed
 # and /outline routes), such as https://news.example. The local server
 # forwards only the layer's own GET requests there, with a 15 s timeout. Set,
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index d955ee57c..3a19b82a6 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ Twenty-two layers and map sources. **Twenty have a keyless path.** Some offer ad
 | 🚢 **Live Vessels**         | Thousands of ships worldwide                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | AISStream                               | 🟡                                                                                                  |
 | 🛰️ **Satellites**           | 838-object catalog, color-coded by class with a live legend — the **DENSE** chip drops in the whole Starlink shell                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | CelesTrak                               | 🟢                                                                                                  |
 | 🌍 **Earthquakes**          | Global seismic activity, last 24h                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | USGS                                    | 🟢                                                                                                  |
-| 📰 **News**                 | The last 24 hours of news in the right-rail **NEWS** panel, narrowed to 12, 6, 3 or 1 hours, with picture cards and clips. **Conflicts**: physical violence worldwide from GDELT's event files, one report per story at GDELT's place for it, plus Liveuamap's mapped items with a key. **Local**: the news of the country at the view centre, its outline and name on the globe; a disputed area of the bundled list is named as itself. Places and categories are machine-coded and can be wrong | GDELT · Liveuamap · World News API, or your own news server | 🟢 Conflicts · 🟡 Local (World News API) · 🔴 Liveuamap items |
+| 📰 **News**                 | The last 24 hours of news in the right-rail **NEWS** panel, narrowed to 12, 6, 3 or 1 hours, with picture cards and clips. **Conflicts**: physical violence worldwide from GDELT's event files, one report per story at GDELT's place for it, plus Liveuamap's mapped items with a key. **Local**: the news of the country at the view centre, its outline and name on the globe; a disputed area of the bundled list, or a territory without a country code, is named as itself. Places and categories are machine-coded and can be wrong | GDELT · Liveuamap · World News API, or your own news server | 🟢 Conflicts · 🟡 Local (World News API) · 🔴 Liveuamap items |
 | ◍ **Air quality**           | Live AQHI on the published 1–10+ health-risk scale, with a Weather-panel card showing the band legend and the highest readings in view. **Canada only** — ECCC is the first registered provider | ECCC MSC GeoMet                          | 🟢                                                                                                  |
 | 🚗 **Traffic**              | Simulated vehicles on OSM roads. With TomTom, live flow speeds drive the simulation and congestion colors below ~8 km; individual vehicle positions are not live observations                                                                                                                                                                                                       | TomTom + OSM                            | 🟢 simulation · 🟡 live flow speeds                                                                 |
 | 📹 **CCTV Mesh**            | ~4,000 public cameras (shared cap) projected _into_ the 3D space — Austin · Texas (TxDOT) · California (Caltrans) · London (TfL) · Ontario (511, free developer key) · Finland (Fintraffic) · British Columbia (DriveBC) · Estonia (Tallinn, Tarktee) · Delaware (DelDOT live video) · New South Wales (Live Traffic NSW) · Calgary · Norway (Statens vegvesen) · Toronto · King County (WA) · Washington (WSDOT) · Catalonia (Servei Català de Trànsit) · Hong Kong (Transport Department) · Taiwan (Freeway Bureau, MOTC) · Italy (A22 Brennero motorway), plus opt-in New York City (NYC DOT TMC, needs your own NYC DOT agreement), opt-in Lithuania (Via Lietuva / Eismoinfo, photo licence unconfirmed), opt-in Florida (FL511, individual personal use only; other use needs FDOT's written consent) and opt-in Houston (TranStar, enable only with TxDOT's written permission per TranStar's Content Usage terms). Positions are published; poses are estimated priors **you calibrate by dragging a gizmo on the camera itself** | City APIs                               | 🟢                                                                                                  |
diff --git a/changelog.d/0-news-layer.md b/changelog.d/0-news-layer.md
index 6acd7e9d4..30d84d78f 100644
--- a/changelog.d/0-news-layer.md
+++ b/changelog.d/0-news-layer.md
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
   (default 30). A section says when its key is required, refused or out of
   its daily allowance. The Data attribution popover credits the GDELT
   Project, World News API and, once its items show, Liveuamap
-  (AUTHOR, #1).
+  (AUTHOR, #0).
 - Cockpit Regional News holds its list to the last 24 hours, newest first, on
   the server and in the client, and labels its four states apart: fresh
   results with no banner and a `LAST 24 H` footer, earlier results kept after
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index ea0210440..a2976f83c 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5850,11 +5850,11 @@ request viewbox and continues searching without that geographic preference.
 ### News (November 2026)
 
 - **What it shows.** Events ▸ **News**: the last 24 hours only, or the fewer hours a server names. Zoomed out, one beacon per hotspot with its count for the window and its trend, and a breathing beacon per developing situation (still under reduced motion). Below 2,500 km (7,500 km with a hotspot chosen), the hotspot outlines with disputed areas dotted and named, and every placed report as a ground-clamped marker: fill is severity (0 grey no physical event, 1 yellow minor, 2 orange significant, 3 red major), the icon is the category, the rim is attestation (solid confirmed, dashed claim, thin single), size grows with sources and the marker fades over the day. Colour never marks a side. Up to ten picture cards (physical events with two or more sources, major or pressing) stand over their markers without overlapping. A selected report's card reads "Source: host ↗" and opens the article.
-- **Panel.** The right-rail NEWS panel (`src/ui/newsPanel.js`, `src/ui/news/`) has a time window at the top (the server's 24 h, or 12, 6, 3 or 1 h; the hotspot counts are read for the chosen window) and two sections. **Conflicts**: hotspot chips with counts, a severity floor (significant and above by default), a category filter, the chosen event, and a continuous feed, newest first. **Local**, while the camera is below 3,000 km: every report in the area at the view centre, named at the top ("News from …") and outlined on the globe, which then shows those reports instead of the hotspots' news; at sea, reports within 500 km. A disputed area of the bundled list (11, see `src/data/local_data/natural_earth/README.md`) is named as itself and read from no country's outlets; elsewhere Natural Earth's default country lines apply. Each card shows the publisher's picture when the event has one (hotlinked, no referrer, publisher credited), the headline (a model's English headline marked as such), a mono meta line (severity marker, category, place, sources, age), who reported it, attestation and media chips, and the service it came through ("via GDELT Project"). Open, a card plays the post's clip on request. A click flies the camera straight down from 150 km and selects the report.
+- **Panel.** The right-rail NEWS panel (`src/ui/newsPanel.js`, `src/ui/news/`) has a time window at the top (the server's 24 h, or 12, 6, 3 or 1 h; the hotspot counts are read for the chosen window) and two sections. **Conflicts**: hotspot chips with counts, a severity floor (significant and above by default), a category filter, the chosen event, and a continuous feed, newest first. **Local**, while the camera is below 3,000 km: every report in the area at the view centre, named at the top ("News from …") and outlined on the globe, which then shows those reports instead of the hotspots' news; at sea, reports within 500 km. A disputed area of the bundled list (11, see `src/data/local_data/natural_earth/README.md`), or a territory Natural Earth gives no country code (Somaliland, Northern Cyprus and others), is named as itself and read from no country's outlets; elsewhere Natural Earth's default country lines apply. Each card shows the publisher's picture when the event has one (hotlinked, no referrer, publisher credited), the headline (a model's English headline marked as such), a mono meta line (severity marker, category, place, sources, age), who reported it, attestation and media chips, and the service it came through ("via GDELT Project"). Open, a card plays the post's clip on request. A click flies the camera straight down from 150 km and selects the report.
 - **Notices.** A section whose key the server lacks says "{provider} key required" and names the variable; a refused key says "{provider} refused its key"; a spent daily allowance says "{provider} limit reached for today". The other section keeps working.
 - **Source.** `sources.news` (`createNewsSource`, export `./layers/news/source`) reads same-origin `/api/news/*` with a 15 s timeout, a 4 MiB cap and record-by-record validation; `newsQueryAllowed` lets a host admit exactly the client's requests. Core's local server (`server/providers/news.js`) forwards only those GET requests to `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` when it is set.
 - **Built-in backend.** With `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` unset, Core answers the same routes itself (`server/providers/news/keyed.js`). **Conflicts** needs no key: the last 24 h of GDELT 2.0 event exports (15-minute files on `data.gdeltproject.org`, about 100 KB each), physical violence only (CAMEO roots 18–20), one report per story with copies of one agency story merged, placed at GDELT's location for it (a town the article's words name beats a bare country). Titles are the article's page title from GDELT's GKG export of the same quarter hour (about 6 MB each) for the newest 3 h, else the words of the article's address; GDELT's actor coding is never shown. With `LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY`, Liveuamap's mapped items stand beside GDELT's. **Local** reads World News API (`WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`) by the source country at the view centre, once per country every 30 minutes (about 1.5 points a read, at most `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads a day, default 30), plus the Conflicts reports placed inside the area. Areas come from the bundled Natural Earth countries and disputed areas (`server/providers/news/areas.js`). Categories, relevance and severity are bundled rules (`categorize.js`); a news server may replace them.
-- **State.** Share/restore token `6`, enabled-only. Voice is off for this layer (`VOICE_OFF_LAYERS`).
+- **State.** Share/restore token `9`, enabled-only. Voice is off for this layer (`VOICE_OFF_LAYERS`).
 
 ### S2 GhostMaps (October 2026)
 
diff --git a/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md b/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
index 3a87eb1b5..78d14c6e4 100644
--- a/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
+++ b/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
@@ -136,10 +136,11 @@ Status: Open (limits)
 - Copies of one agency story are merged, but the same event under different
   wording stays as separate reports.
 - Only the 11 disputed areas in the bundled list
-  (`src/data/local_data/natural_earth/README.md`) are named as themselves;
-  everywhere else Natural Earth's default country lines apply, so a place in
-  Western Sahara or Kashmir, for example, is named with the country those
-  lines put it in. GDELT places a whole city at one point: Jerusalem's falls
+  (`src/data/local_data/natural_earth/README.md`) and the territories Natural
+  Earth gives no country code (Somaliland, Northern Cyprus, Siachen Glacier,
+  the Spratly Islands and a few more) are named as themselves; everywhere else
+  Natural Earth's default country lines apply, so a place in Western Sahara,
+  for example, is named with the country those lines put it in. GDELT places a whole city at one point: Jerusalem's falls
   inside East Jerusalem, so it is named "Jerusalem" alone.
 - Local needs a World News API key. Its free plan allows 50 points a day; Core
   stops at `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads (default 30) and Local then says the
diff --git a/server/providers/news/categorize.js b/server/providers/news/categorize.js
index 4574246de..30ccafc22 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/categorize.js
+++ b/server/providers/news/categorize.js
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 // as the fallback.
 
 /** Text as the rules match it: folded case, one apostrophe, no vowel marks. */
-export function normaliseForMatch(text) {
+function normaliseForMatch(text) {
   return String(text || '')
     .normalize('NFKC')
     .toLowerCase()
@@ -553,11 +553,6 @@ const COMPILED = Object.entries(RULES).map(([category, stems]) => ({
   }),
 }));
 
-/**
- * Categorise a report from its title and summary.
- * @returns {{category: string, tags: string[]}}
- */
-export const RELEVANCE_LEVELS = Object.freeze(['core', 'related', 'minor']);
 const EVENT_CATEGORIES = new Set([
   'strike',
   'air-defence',
@@ -771,7 +766,7 @@ const ELECTION =
 const PHYSICAL =
   /(?<![\p{L}])(?:kill|dead(?![\p{L}])|fighting|clash|air ?strike|strikes?(?![\p{L}])|struck|destroy|downed|ablaze|on fire|catch(?:es)? fire|caught fire|naval mine|landmine|shot down|sunk|sank|deaths?|injur|wounded|casualt|troops|soldier|missile|drone|rocket|shell(?:ing|ed)|artiller|explosi|blast|bomb|gunfire|shot(?![\p{L}])|shooting|magnitude|richter|tremor|evacuat|flood(?:ed|ing|waters)|убит|погиб|ранен|ракет|дрон|обстрел|загин|поранен|обстріл|قتل|جرح|صاروخ|הרג|פצוע|טיל)/u;
 /** The categories of a physical event (an alert is a threat, not yet one). */
-export const EVENT_KINDS = new Set([
+const EVENT_KINDS = new Set([
   'strike',
   'air-defence',
   'ground',
@@ -780,6 +775,10 @@ export const EVENT_KINDS = new Set([
   'infrastructure',
 ]);
 
+/**
+ * Categorise a report from its title and summary.
+ * @returns {{category: string, tags: string[]}}
+ */
 export function categorizeText({ title = '', summary = '' } = {}) {
   if (isAlertText(title)) return { category: 'alert', tags: ['alert'] };
   const t = rephrase(normaliseForMatch(title));
diff --git a/server/providers/news/keyed.js b/server/providers/news/keyed.js
index 2a89d7a69..65eea845e 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/keyed.js
+++ b/server/providers/news/keyed.js
@@ -55,8 +55,9 @@ const DAY_MS = 24 * HOUR_MS;
 // newest first, a dozen a read (the first day's 96 fill in over the next
 // reads, a few seconds apart, while each reads something new). One listed
 // but missing (404) an hour and a half after its time is taken as never
-// published; one that fails GDELT_EXPORT_TRIES times, or cannot be read at
-// all, is given up on, so one bad file never holds the rest back. The first
+// published; one that fails GDELT_EXPORT_TRIES times (a try a round), or
+// cannot be read at all, is given up on, so one bad file never holds the
+// rest back. Only while GDELT itself answers is a file given up on. The first
 // answer waits at most GDELT_FIRST_MS for the first exports.
 const GDELT_FRESH_MS = 5 * 60_000;
 const GDELT_EXPORTS_PER_READ = 12;
@@ -283,13 +284,13 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
     read: new Set(),
     // Exports still missing well after their time: not looked for again.
     gone: new Set(),
-    // Failed reads of each export not read yet.
+    // Failed reads of each export not read yet: `{tries, at}`.
     failures: new Map(),
     // Exports read among the newest whose GKG titles are not in yet, with
     // the tries made: `{tries, triedAt}`.
     untitled: new Map(),
     titling: null,
-    // When a read last brought an export in, with nothing failing.
+    // When a read last brought an export in.
     readAt: null,
     checkedAt: null,
     failedAt: null,
@@ -503,6 +504,8 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
     let failed = null;
     let added = 0;
     const failing = [];
+    const unreadable = [];
+    const unpublished = [];
     for (let i = 0; i < missing.length; i += GDELT_PARALLEL)
       await Promise.all(
         missing.slice(i, i + GDELT_PARALLEL).map(async (url) => {
@@ -511,13 +514,11 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
             events = await fetchExport(url, { fetchImpl });
           } catch (error) {
             failed = error;
-            // An unreadable file stays so.
-            if (error.unreadable) gdelt.gone.add(url);
-            else failing.push(url);
+            (error.unreadable ? unreadable : failing).push(url);
             return;
           }
           if (!events) {
-            if (at - exportAt(url) >= GDELT_GONE_MS) gdelt.gone.add(url);
+            if (at - exportAt(url) >= GDELT_GONE_MS) unpublished.push(url);
             return;
           }
           // The events count now; the titles follow (readTitles).
@@ -531,12 +532,19 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
         }),
       );
     if (failed) log(`[news] gdelt read failed: ${failed.message}`);
-    // A file that fails while others read is that file's fault, and gets a
-    // few tries; when none read, GDELT itself is down and no file is blamed.
+    // A file is blamed only while GDELT itself answers (its list read, or
+    // another export of the round read): then a 404 long after its time is
+    // never published, an unreadable file stays so, and a failing one gets a
+    // few tries, one a GDELT_FRESH_MS. With GDELT down, no file is blamed.
+    const answering = added > 0 || latest !== null;
+    if (answering)
+      for (const url of [...unpublished, ...unreadable]) gdelt.gone.add(url);
     if (added)
       for (const url of failing) {
-        const tries = (gdelt.failures.get(url) || 0) + 1;
-        gdelt.failures.set(url, tries);
+        const prior = gdelt.failures.get(url);
+        if (prior && now() - prior.at < GDELT_FRESH_MS) continue;
+        const tries = (prior?.tries || 0) + 1;
+        gdelt.failures.set(url, { tries, at: now() });
         if (tries >= GDELT_EXPORT_TRIES) gdelt.gone.add(url);
       }
     // Nothing read and a failure: tried again after RETRY_MS, not after
diff --git a/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs b/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
index c7b6706e9..dfcb0bb7f 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
+++ b/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
@@ -200,6 +200,8 @@ function upstream(answers = {}) {
         );
       if (answers.corrupt?.includes(href))
         return new Response('not a zip at all', { status: 200 });
+      if (answers.failing?.includes(href))
+        return new Response('busy', { status: 503 });
       const gkg = href.endsWith('.gkg.csv.zip');
       const listed = answers.exports ?? EXPORTS;
       const answer = gkg
@@ -669,7 +671,12 @@ test('exports never published are given up on, not looked for back to back', asy
   const quarter = exportName('20261105114500');
   const { ask, calls, clock, settle } = keyed({
     env: {},
-    answers: { exports: { [quarter]: EXPORTS[quarter] }, unlisted: 404 },
+    // GDELT's list names the newest; every other export it answers 404.
+    answers: {
+      exports: { [quarter]: EXPORTS[quarter] },
+      unlisted: 404,
+      lastupdate: '20261105120000',
+    },
   });
   assert.equal((await ask('/hotspots')).body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 3);
   await settle();
@@ -943,7 +950,7 @@ test('no export later than the newest GDELT lists is asked for (its CDN keeps a
   );
 });
 
-test('a town a disputed area is named after is named alone, on both sides of its line', () => {
+test('a town a disputed area is named after is named as the town alone', () => {
   assert.equal(
     gdeltPlace({
       lat: 31.7667,
@@ -986,3 +993,62 @@ test('GDELT down for a few minutes gives up on no export: they are all read once
     ),
   );
 });
+
+test('a GDELT outage answering 404, its list down too, gives up on no export', async () => {
+  const answers = { exports: {}, unlisted: 404 };
+  const { ask, clock, settle } = keyed({ env: {}, answers });
+  // Long enough for the stories' exports to be 90 minutes old.
+  for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+    await ask('/hotspots');
+    await settle();
+    clock.now += 5 * MINUTE;
+  }
+  delete answers.exports;
+  delete answers.unlisted;
+  for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    clock.now += 5 * MINUTE;
+    await ask('/hotspots');
+    await settle();
+  }
+  const back = await ask('/hotspots');
+  assert.equal(back.status, 200);
+  assert.equal(back.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 4);
+});
+
+test('a host answering junk for every file gives up on none of them', async () => {
+  const answers = {
+    corrupt: [exportName('20261105114500'), exportName('20261105113000')],
+    exports: {},
+    unlisted: 404,
+  };
+  const { ask, clock, settle } = keyed({ env: {}, answers });
+  await ask('/hotspots');
+  await settle();
+  answers.corrupt = [];
+  delete answers.exports;
+  delete answers.unlisted;
+  clock.now += 6 * MINUTE;
+  await ask('/hotspots');
+  await settle();
+  const back = await ask('/hotspots');
+  assert.equal(back.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 4);
+});
+
+test('a failing file gets one strike a round, not three within seconds', async () => {
+  const flaky = exportName('20261105114500');
+  const answers = { failing: [flaky] };
+  const { ask, calls, clock, settle } = keyed({ env: {}, answers });
+  // The startup fill runs several rounds a few seconds apart.
+  await ask('/hotspots');
+  await settle();
+  // GDELT answers again for it before three rounds five minutes apart.
+  answers.failing = [];
+  clock.now += 6 * MINUTE;
+  await ask('/hotspots');
+  await settle();
+  const back = await ask('/hotspots');
+  assert.equal(back.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 4);
+  assert.ok(
+    gdeltCalls(calls).filter((c) => String(c.url) === flaky).length >= 2,
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs b/src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs
index 04d25dce6..a1fc8c8e0 100644
--- a/src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs
@@ -290,11 +290,7 @@ test('PR B manually replaces provisional 00 with 01 after PR A publishes 00', ()
 
 test('allocation batches cross the last digit and base-36 pair boundaries in order', () => {
   // News holds the last digit, 9: the ledger has no free digit left.
-  const digitRows = [];
-  const allDigits = parseLayerStateTokenReservations([
-    ...reservationRows,
-    ...digitRows,
-  ]);
+  const allDigits = parseLayerStateTokenReservations(reservationRows);
   const beforeNine = { ...allDigits };
   delete beforeNine.news;
   assert.equal(
@@ -342,24 +338,20 @@ test('allocation batches cross the last digit and base-36 pair boundaries in ord
 test('an isolated valid two-character fixture round-trips an l field beyond the old 64-character cap', async () => {
   const cwd = mkdtempSync(path.join(tmpdir(), 'gev-layer-token-width-'));
   try {
-    // News holds the last digit: no prior digit to fill.
-    const priorDigits = [];
+    // News holds the last digit: the fixture's layers start at pairs.
     const fixtureLayers = ['00', '01', '02', '03'].map((token) => ({
       id: `qa-layer-${token}`,
       token,
     }));
     const fixtureRows = [
       ...reservationRows,
-      ...priorDigits,
       ...fixtureLayers.map(({ id, token }) => [id, token]),
     ];
     const fixtureModule = writeCodecFixture(cwd, fixtureRows, fixtureLayers);
     const codec = await import(pathToFileURL(fixtureModule));
     assert.equal(codec.validateLayerStateRegistry(), true);
     assert.equal(
-      nextLayerStateToken(
-        parseLayerStateTokenReservations([...reservationRows, ...priorDigits]),
-      ),
+      nextLayerStateToken(parseLayerStateTokenReservations(reservationRows)),
       '00',
     );
     assert.equal(

From 82057cbb51f19d522bb802d47961ef02341f8286 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 00:15:15 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 055/181] fix(news): keep World News API's own category for a
 country's news

The bundled rules read fighting and crises; in everyday headlines their
words mislead ("Kazakhstan Advances in Global Digital Rankings" read as
ground fighting). A country's own stories in Local now keep World News
API's category (politics, business, else other) and carry no severity.
Fighting in the area still shows through the Conflicts reports placed
there.
---
 DATA_SOURCES.md                      |  2 +-
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                |  2 +-
 docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md                 |  3 +++
 server/providers/news/keyed.js       | 24 +++++++++++-----------
 server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/DATA_SOURCES.md b/DATA_SOURCES.md
index 3fdfda97b..aede353a9 100644
--- a/DATA_SOURCES.md
+++ b/DATA_SOURCES.md
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ How to read this:
 | **News server** (`GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN`, optional; none by default) | News layer, both sections: the last 24 h of reports from many publishers. Set, the local server forwards the layer's `/api/news/hotspots`, `/feed` and `/outline` GET requests to it and Core reads none of the three sources below. Which providers stand behind its feed is the news server's to state | Each report stays its publisher's: headlines and summaries link to the original article, and pictures are hotlinked from the publisher's site (no referrer), never stored | Per report: publisher name and article link on every card; picture cards name the picture's publisher. The Data attribution popover states that places, categories, severity and English headlines are derived automatically and can be wrong |
 | **GDELT 2.0 events and GKG** (`data.gdeltproject.org/gdeltv2/`; no key; used only without a news server) | News layer, Conflicts: the last 24 h of GDELT's 15-minute event exports (`*.export.CSV.zip`, about 100 KB each), read server-side as they appear. Physical violence only (CAMEO roots 18–20); one report per story, copies of one agency story merged; placed at GDELT's location for it (a town the article's words name beats a bare country). Titled by the article's page title from the GKG export of the same quarter hour (`*.gkg.csv.zip`, about 6 MB each) for the newest 3 h, else by the words of the article's address. GDELT's actor coding is never shown. Categories, relevance and severity by bundled rules | [GDELT Terms of Use](https://www.gdeltproject.org/about.html#termsofuse): unrestricted academic, commercial and governmental use, with citation and a link to the GDELT Project. Coded events, page titles and article links only; linked articles keep their publishers' terms | "GDELT Project" with a link to gdeltproject.org in the Data attribution popover; "via GDELT Project", the publisher's domain and the article link on every card |
 | **Liveuamap** (`a.liveuamap.com/api`, `LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY`, optional, paid; used only without a news server) | News layer, Conflicts, beside GDELT: Liveuamap's worldwide mapped items of the last 24 h (`a=mpts`), read server-side every 5 minutes; categories and severity are read from the headline by bundled rules | Liveuamap API terms of the operator's own subscription. Headlines, places and links only; item pictures and clips are hotlinked from Liveuamap, never stored | "Liveuamap" with a link in the Data attribution popover once its items show; "Liveuamap" and the item's Liveuamap link on every card |
-| **World News API** (`api.worldnewsapi.com/search-news`, `WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`, optional; used only without a news server) | News layer, Local: the last 24 h of news by the source country at the view centre (country from the bundled Natural Earth admin-0 pack; none in a disputed area), read server-side once per country every 30 minutes, about 1.5 points a read; at most `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads a day (default 30), after which Local says the daily limit is reached. Sport, entertainment, lifestyle and travel left out | [World News API terms](https://worldnewsapi.com/terms/) of the operator's own plan; the free plan (50 points a day) requires a visible backlink to worldnewsapi.com in the app, paid plans do not. Titles and links only; article text and summaries are not kept or shown; pictures are hotlinked from the publisher | The "World News API" link to worldnewsapi.com, always in the Data attribution popover (the free plan's required backlink); "via World News API", the publisher's domain and the article link on every card |
+| **World News API** (`api.worldnewsapi.com/search-news`, `WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`, optional; used only without a news server) | News layer, Local: the last 24 h of news by the source country at the view centre (country from the bundled Natural Earth admin-0 pack; none in a disputed area), read server-side once per country every 30 minutes, about 1.5 points a read; at most `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads a day (default 30), after which Local says the daily limit is reached. Each story keeps World News API's own category (politics, business, else other) with no severity of its own; sport, entertainment, lifestyle and travel left out | [World News API terms](https://worldnewsapi.com/terms/) of the operator's own plan; the free plan (50 points a day) requires a visible backlink to worldnewsapi.com in the app, paid plans do not. Titles and links only; article text and summaries are not kept or shown; pictures are hotlinked from the publisher | The "World News API" link to worldnewsapi.com, always in the Data attribution popover (the free plan's required backlink); "via World News API", the publisher's domain and the article link on every card |
 | **InciWeb** (inciweb.wildfire.gov)                                    | Per-incident "InciWeb ↗" card links to official incident pages (narratives, evacuation/closure notices) | U.S. government public incident information. Links are matched best-effort by incident name and state, with incident page origin and update times checked on selection. Same-origin `/api/fire-perimeters/inciweb` routes cache the catalog for 1 hour and publication metadata for 30 minutes; linked pages remain InciWeb content | "Incident information: InciWeb (inciweb.wildfire.gov)" |
 | **FAA Special Use Airspace** (`services6.arcgis.com` FeatureServer `Special_Use_Airspace`) | Prohibited & Restricted Airspace layer: US prohibited (P) and restricted (R) special-use airspace polygons (not the UAS Facility Map or UAS flight restrictions), altitude limits from the `*_VAL`/`*_UOM`/`*_CODE` fields, times of use, and controlling agency | U.S. public domain (FAA aeronautical data published through the [FAA AIS Open Data portal](https://adds-faa.opendata.arcgis.com/)); fetched keyless through `/api/drone-airspace` (1-hour server cache). Informational only — not a substitute for official UAS flight-planning tools | "Prohibited & restricted airspace: FAA Special Use Airspace" |
 | **OpenFreeMap / OpenMapTiles** | Vector tiles | OpenStreetMap data under ODbL 1.0 | OpenFreeMap © OpenMapTiles |
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index a2976f83c..ecb780b26 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5853,7 +5853,7 @@ request viewbox and continues searching without that geographic preference.
 - **Panel.** The right-rail NEWS panel (`src/ui/newsPanel.js`, `src/ui/news/`) has a time window at the top (the server's 24 h, or 12, 6, 3 or 1 h; the hotspot counts are read for the chosen window) and two sections. **Conflicts**: hotspot chips with counts, a severity floor (significant and above by default), a category filter, the chosen event, and a continuous feed, newest first. **Local**, while the camera is below 3,000 km: every report in the area at the view centre, named at the top ("News from …") and outlined on the globe, which then shows those reports instead of the hotspots' news; at sea, reports within 500 km. A disputed area of the bundled list (11, see `src/data/local_data/natural_earth/README.md`), or a territory Natural Earth gives no country code (Somaliland, Northern Cyprus and others), is named as itself and read from no country's outlets; elsewhere Natural Earth's default country lines apply. Each card shows the publisher's picture when the event has one (hotlinked, no referrer, publisher credited), the headline (a model's English headline marked as such), a mono meta line (severity marker, category, place, sources, age), who reported it, attestation and media chips, and the service it came through ("via GDELT Project"). Open, a card plays the post's clip on request. A click flies the camera straight down from 150 km and selects the report.
 - **Notices.** A section whose key the server lacks says "{provider} key required" and names the variable; a refused key says "{provider} refused its key"; a spent daily allowance says "{provider} limit reached for today". The other section keeps working.
 - **Source.** `sources.news` (`createNewsSource`, export `./layers/news/source`) reads same-origin `/api/news/*` with a 15 s timeout, a 4 MiB cap and record-by-record validation; `newsQueryAllowed` lets a host admit exactly the client's requests. Core's local server (`server/providers/news.js`) forwards only those GET requests to `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` when it is set.
-- **Built-in backend.** With `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` unset, Core answers the same routes itself (`server/providers/news/keyed.js`). **Conflicts** needs no key: the last 24 h of GDELT 2.0 event exports (15-minute files on `data.gdeltproject.org`, about 100 KB each), physical violence only (CAMEO roots 18–20), one report per story with copies of one agency story merged, placed at GDELT's location for it (a town the article's words name beats a bare country). Titles are the article's page title from GDELT's GKG export of the same quarter hour (about 6 MB each) for the newest 3 h, else the words of the article's address; GDELT's actor coding is never shown. With `LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY`, Liveuamap's mapped items stand beside GDELT's. **Local** reads World News API (`WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`) by the source country at the view centre, once per country every 30 minutes (about 1.5 points a read, at most `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads a day, default 30), plus the Conflicts reports placed inside the area. Areas come from the bundled Natural Earth countries and disputed areas (`server/providers/news/areas.js`). Categories, relevance and severity are bundled rules (`categorize.js`); a news server may replace them.
+- **Built-in backend.** With `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` unset, Core answers the same routes itself (`server/providers/news/keyed.js`). **Conflicts** needs no key: the last 24 h of GDELT 2.0 event exports (15-minute files on `data.gdeltproject.org`, about 100 KB each), physical violence only (CAMEO roots 18–20), one report per story with copies of one agency story merged, placed at GDELT's location for it (a town the article's words name beats a bare country). Titles are the article's page title from GDELT's GKG export of the same quarter hour (about 6 MB each) for the newest 3 h, else the words of the article's address; GDELT's actor coding is never shown. With `LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY`, Liveuamap's mapped items stand beside GDELT's. **Local** reads World News API (`WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`) by the source country at the view centre, once per country every 30 minutes (about 1.5 points a read, at most `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads a day, default 30), plus the Conflicts reports placed inside the area. A country's own stories keep World News API's category (politics, business, else other) and no severity: the rules read fighting and crises, and everyday headlines mislead them. Areas come from the bundled Natural Earth countries and disputed areas (`server/providers/news/areas.js`). Conflicts' categories, relevance and severity are bundled rules (`categorize.js`); a news server may replace them.
 - **State.** Share/restore token `9`, enabled-only. Voice is off for this layer (`VOICE_OFF_LAYERS`).
 
 ### S2 GhostMaps (October 2026)
diff --git a/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md b/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
index 78d14c6e4..ac6dea301 100644
--- a/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
+++ b/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
@@ -142,6 +142,9 @@ Status: Open (limits)
   Natural Earth's default country lines apply, so a place in Western Sahara,
   for example, is named with the country those lines put it in. GDELT places a whole city at one point: Jerusalem's falls
   inside East Jerusalem, so it is named "Jerusalem" alone.
+- A country's own stories in Local keep World News API's category (political,
+  economy, else other) and carry no severity; fighting there shows through the
+  Conflicts reports placed in the area.
 - Local needs a World News API key. Its free plan allows 50 points a day; Core
   stops at `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads (default 30) and Local then says the
   daily limit is reached.
diff --git a/server/providers/news/keyed.js b/server/providers/news/keyed.js
index 65eea845e..92227ad99 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/keyed.js
+++ b/server/providers/news/keyed.js
@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@
 // (WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY) by the country at the view centre; without its key the
 // section answers 503 {error: 'no_key', key} and reads nothing, and past
 // its day's reads (WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS) 503 {error: 'key_quota', key}.
-// Categories, relevance and severity are the shared rules (categorize.js);
-// a news server may replace these readings with its own.
+// Conflicts' categories, relevance and severity are the shared rules
+// (categorize.js); a country's own news keeps World News API's category.
+// A news server may replace these readings with its own.
 //
 // A read that has something to serve is not waited for: what was read is
 // served while it is read again. A section that cannot be read answers 502,
@@ -93,17 +94,19 @@ const EMPTY_OUTLINE = Object.freeze({
   disputed: [],
   area: null,
 });
-// World News API's categories, where the rules find none of their own.
+// A country's own news keeps World News API's category: the rules read
+// fighting and crises, and in everyday news their words mislead ("advances
+// in the rankings" is no ground fighting). Fighting in the country reaches
+// Local as the Conflicts reports placed there.
 const WORLD_NEWS_CATEGORY = { politics: 'political', business: 'economy' };
 
 const list = (value) =>
   value ? new Set(value.split(',').filter(Boolean)) : null;
 
 /** The rules' reading of a headline: category, relevance and severity. */
-function readTitle(title, { dedicated, fallback = null }) {
+function readTitle(title, { dedicated }) {
   const read = categorizeText({ title });
-  const category =
-    read.category === 'other' && fallback ? fallback : read.category;
+  const { category } = read;
   return {
     category,
     relevance: relevanceOf({ category, tags: read.tags, title, dedicated }),
@@ -213,13 +216,10 @@ export function worldNewsReport(article, country) {
     source: { name: article.publisher, attribution: 'World News API' },
     kind: 'worldnewsapi',
     side: 'unknown',
-    ...readTitle(article.title, {
-      dedicated: false,
-      fallback: WORLD_NEWS_CATEGORY[article.category] || null,
-    }),
-    // Local news: what the country's own outlets publish.
+    category: WORLD_NEWS_CATEGORY[article.category] || 'other',
+    // Local news: what the country's own outlets publish, with no severity
+    // of its own.
     relevance: 'minor',
-    severityBy: 'rules',
     publishedAt: article.publishedAt,
     geo: {
       lat: anchor.lat,
diff --git a/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs b/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
index dfcb0bb7f..d7ee9e545 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
+++ b/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
@@ -1052,3 +1052,33 @@ test('a failing file gets one strike a round, not three within seconds', async (
     gdeltCalls(calls).filter((c) => String(c.url) === flaky).length >= 2,
   );
 });
+
+test("a country's own news keeps World News API's category and no severity, whatever its words", async () => {
+  const { worldNewsReport } = await import('./keyed.js');
+  const { countryByCode } = await import('./areas.js');
+  const country = countryByCode('KZ');
+  const read = (title, category) =>
+    worldNewsReport(
+      {
+        id: 1,
+        title,
+        url: 'https://times.example/x',
+        publisher: 'times.example',
+        publishedAt: '2026-11-05T08:00:00.000Z',
+        category,
+      },
+      country,
+    );
+  const rankings = read(
+    'Kazakhstan Advances in Global Digital Rankings as AI Infrastructure Expands',
+    'technology',
+  );
+  assert.equal(rankings.category, 'other');
+  assert.equal(rankings.severity, undefined);
+  assert.equal(
+    read('Startup advances to the next funding round', 'business').category,
+    'economy',
+  );
+  assert.equal(read('King visits Astana', 'politics').category, 'political');
+  assert.equal(read('Parliament session opens', null).category, 'other');
+});

From 427463cc45caea4800c8a03c462307a00de048bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 00:29:00 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 056/181] fix(news): list Local newest first

Local ranked its reports by severity first. A country's own news now
carries no severity, so in a conflict area GDELT's reports (severity 1
and up) could crowd every one of its stories out of the 40 listed.
Local is now newest first; severity still shows by colour.

Also: readTitle reads Conflicts headlines only, the economy category's
comment and the attribution popover name World News API's category,
and KNOWN-ISSUES names Core's ids for World News API's categories.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md               |  2 +-
 docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md                |  6 +++---
 server/providers/news/categorize.js |  2 +-
 server/providers/news/keyed.js      | 13 +++++++++----
 src/data/dataCredits.js             |  2 +-
 src/layers/news/model.js            | 13 +++++--------
 src/layers/news/model.test.mjs      |  2 +-
 7 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index ecb780b26..67c312e83 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5850,7 +5850,7 @@ request viewbox and continues searching without that geographic preference.
 ### News (November 2026)
 
 - **What it shows.** Events ▸ **News**: the last 24 hours only, or the fewer hours a server names. Zoomed out, one beacon per hotspot with its count for the window and its trend, and a breathing beacon per developing situation (still under reduced motion). Below 2,500 km (7,500 km with a hotspot chosen), the hotspot outlines with disputed areas dotted and named, and every placed report as a ground-clamped marker: fill is severity (0 grey no physical event, 1 yellow minor, 2 orange significant, 3 red major), the icon is the category, the rim is attestation (solid confirmed, dashed claim, thin single), size grows with sources and the marker fades over the day. Colour never marks a side. Up to ten picture cards (physical events with two or more sources, major or pressing) stand over their markers without overlapping. A selected report's card reads "Source: host ↗" and opens the article.
-- **Panel.** The right-rail NEWS panel (`src/ui/newsPanel.js`, `src/ui/news/`) has a time window at the top (the server's 24 h, or 12, 6, 3 or 1 h; the hotspot counts are read for the chosen window) and two sections. **Conflicts**: hotspot chips with counts, a severity floor (significant and above by default), a category filter, the chosen event, and a continuous feed, newest first. **Local**, while the camera is below 3,000 km: every report in the area at the view centre, named at the top ("News from …") and outlined on the globe, which then shows those reports instead of the hotspots' news; at sea, reports within 500 km. A disputed area of the bundled list (11, see `src/data/local_data/natural_earth/README.md`), or a territory Natural Earth gives no country code (Somaliland, Northern Cyprus and others), is named as itself and read from no country's outlets; elsewhere Natural Earth's default country lines apply. Each card shows the publisher's picture when the event has one (hotlinked, no referrer, publisher credited), the headline (a model's English headline marked as such), a mono meta line (severity marker, category, place, sources, age), who reported it, attestation and media chips, and the service it came through ("via GDELT Project"). Open, a card plays the post's clip on request. A click flies the camera straight down from 150 km and selects the report.
+- **Panel.** The right-rail NEWS panel (`src/ui/newsPanel.js`, `src/ui/news/`) has a time window at the top (the server's 24 h, or 12, 6, 3 or 1 h; the hotspot counts are read for the chosen window) and two sections. **Conflicts**: hotspot chips with counts, a severity floor (significant and above by default), a category filter, the chosen event, and a continuous feed, newest first. **Local**, while the camera is below 3,000 km: every report in the area at the view centre, newest first, named at the top ("News from …") and outlined on the globe, which then shows those reports instead of the hotspots' news; at sea, reports within 500 km. A disputed area of the bundled list (11, see `src/data/local_data/natural_earth/README.md`), or a territory Natural Earth gives no country code (Somaliland, Northern Cyprus and others), is named as itself and read from no country's outlets; elsewhere Natural Earth's default country lines apply. Each card shows the publisher's picture when the event has one (hotlinked, no referrer, publisher credited), the headline (a model's English headline marked as such), a mono meta line (severity marker, category, place, sources, age), who reported it, attestation and media chips, and the service it came through ("via GDELT Project"). Open, a card plays the post's clip on request. A click flies the camera straight down from 150 km and selects the report.
 - **Notices.** A section whose key the server lacks says "{provider} key required" and names the variable; a refused key says "{provider} refused its key"; a spent daily allowance says "{provider} limit reached for today". The other section keeps working.
 - **Source.** `sources.news` (`createNewsSource`, export `./layers/news/source`) reads same-origin `/api/news/*` with a 15 s timeout, a 4 MiB cap and record-by-record validation; `newsQueryAllowed` lets a host admit exactly the client's requests. Core's local server (`server/providers/news.js`) forwards only those GET requests to `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` when it is set.
 - **Built-in backend.** With `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` unset, Core answers the same routes itself (`server/providers/news/keyed.js`). **Conflicts** needs no key: the last 24 h of GDELT 2.0 event exports (15-minute files on `data.gdeltproject.org`, about 100 KB each), physical violence only (CAMEO roots 18–20), one report per story with copies of one agency story merged, placed at GDELT's location for it (a town the article's words name beats a bare country). Titles are the article's page title from GDELT's GKG export of the same quarter hour (about 6 MB each) for the newest 3 h, else the words of the article's address; GDELT's actor coding is never shown. With `LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY`, Liveuamap's mapped items stand beside GDELT's. **Local** reads World News API (`WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`) by the source country at the view centre, once per country every 30 minutes (about 1.5 points a read, at most `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads a day, default 30), plus the Conflicts reports placed inside the area. A country's own stories keep World News API's category (politics, business, else other) and no severity: the rules read fighting and crises, and everyday headlines mislead them. Areas come from the bundled Natural Earth countries and disputed areas (`server/providers/news/areas.js`). Conflicts' categories, relevance and severity are bundled rules (`categorize.js`); a news server may replace them.
diff --git a/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md b/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
index ac6dea301..6775a013f 100644
--- a/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
+++ b/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
@@ -142,9 +142,9 @@ Status: Open (limits)
   Natural Earth's default country lines apply, so a place in Western Sahara,
   for example, is named with the country those lines put it in. GDELT places a whole city at one point: Jerusalem's falls
   inside East Jerusalem, so it is named "Jerusalem" alone.
-- A country's own stories in Local keep World News API's category (political,
-  economy, else other) and carry no severity; fighting there shows through the
-  Conflicts reports placed in the area.
+- A country's own stories in Local keep World News API's category (politics as
+  political, business as economy, else other) and carry no severity; fighting
+  there shows through the Conflicts reports placed in the area.
 - Local needs a World News API key. Its free plan allows 50 points a day; Core
   stops at `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads (default 30) and Local then says the
   daily limit is reached.
diff --git a/server/providers/news/categorize.js b/server/providers/news/categorize.js
index 30ccafc22..64ebb8bab 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/categorize.js
+++ b/server/providers/news/categorize.js
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ export const CATEGORY_ORDER = Object.freeze([
   'disaster',
   'protest',
   'political',
-  // Rules only, for the Local section's national news.
+  // Business and trade: the rules' reading, or World News API's business.
   'economy',
 ]);
 
diff --git a/server/providers/news/keyed.js b/server/providers/news/keyed.js
index 92227ad99..aa20913ea 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/keyed.js
+++ b/server/providers/news/keyed.js
@@ -103,13 +103,18 @@ const WORLD_NEWS_CATEGORY = { politics: 'political', business: 'economy' };
 const list = (value) =>
   value ? new Set(value.split(',').filter(Boolean)) : null;
 
-/** The rules' reading of a headline: category, relevance and severity. */
-function readTitle(title, { dedicated }) {
+/** The rules' reading of a Conflicts headline: category, relevance, severity. */
+function readTitle(title) {
   const read = categorizeText({ title });
   const { category } = read;
   return {
     category,
-    relevance: relevanceOf({ category, tags: read.tags, title, dedicated }),
+    relevance: relevanceOf({
+      category,
+      tags: read.tags,
+      title,
+      dedicated: true,
+    }),
     severity: severityByRules({ category, tags: read.tags, title }),
   };
 }
@@ -146,7 +151,7 @@ export function liveuamapReport(item) {
     kind: 'liveuamap',
     side: 'unknown',
     // A conflict map: everything it posts is at least related.
-    ...readTitle(item.title, { dedicated: true }),
+    ...readTitle(item.title),
     severityBy: 'rules',
     publishedAt: item.publishedAt,
     geo: {
diff --git a/src/data/dataCredits.js b/src/data/dataCredits.js
index 0b42c949a..ae46e84e4 100644
--- a/src/data/dataCredits.js
+++ b/src/data/dataCredits.js
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ export const DATA_CREDITS = [
       'News: every report is credited to its own publisher and links to the original article; ' +
       'pictures are the publishers’ own, shown from their sites with the publisher named. ' +
       'Places, categories, severity and English headlines are derived automatically, by ' +
-      'bundled rules or by the configured news server, and can be wrong.',
+      'bundled rules, the news provider or the configured news server, and can be wrong.',
   },
   {
     // GDELT's terms ask for a citation and a link.
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.js b/src/layers/news/model.js
index 22eb2a1f3..62c9d360a 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.js
@@ -762,9 +762,10 @@ export function inPolygons(polygons, point) {
 }
 
 /**
- * The reports near `centre` that pass the filters, most severe and newest
- * first: any pin inside `area` (outline polygons), or without one within
- * NEWS_IN_VIEW_RADIUS_KM.
+ * The reports near `centre` that pass the filters, newest first: any pin
+ * inside `area` (outline polygons), or without one within
+ * NEWS_IN_VIEW_RADIUS_KM. Newest, not most severe: an area's own news often
+ * carries no severity, and the area's fighting would otherwise crowd it out.
  */
 export function reportsInView(
   reports,
@@ -786,10 +787,6 @@ export function reportsInView(
         (filters.category === 'all' || r.category === filters.category) &&
         r.pins?.some(near),
     )
-    .sort(
-      (a, b) =>
-        reportSeverity(b) - reportSeverity(a) ||
-        b.publishedAt.localeCompare(a.publishedAt),
-    )
+    .sort((a, b) => b.publishedAt.localeCompare(a.publishedAt))
     .slice(0, limit);
 }
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
index ee8bb781e..c377be6fb 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ test('in view: half-degree cells and reports within 500 km of the centre', () =>
     reportsInView([near, far, old, major], centre, filters, NOW).map(
       (r) => r.id,
     ),
-    ['major', 'near'],
+    ['near', 'major'],
   );
   assert.deepEqual(reportsInView([near], null, filters, NOW), []);
   assert.deepEqual(reportsInView([], centre, filters, NOW), []);

From 2fe0110f8d89bc775d91ba32213ce2616391514c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 01:05:22 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 057/181] docs(changelog): add the #1593 fragment

---
 changelog.d/{0-news-layer.md => 1593-news-layer.md} | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 rename changelog.d/{0-news-layer.md => 1593-news-layer.md} (91%)

diff --git a/changelog.d/0-news-layer.md b/changelog.d/1593-news-layer.md
similarity index 91%
rename from changelog.d/0-news-layer.md
rename to changelog.d/1593-news-layer.md
index 30d84d78f..52de77161 100644
--- a/changelog.d/0-news-layer.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1593-news-layer.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   major events and a continuous feed whose cards fly the globe to the event.
   An open card plays the post's clip on request. The panel has two sections.
   Conflicts lists the hotspots' news. Local, below 3,000 km, lists every
-  report in the area at the view centre, names and outlines that area on the
+  report in the area at the view centre, newest first, names and outlines that area on the
   globe, and shows those reports on the map instead while it is chosen; a
   disputed area is named as itself and read from no country's outlets. Set
   `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` to a news server and the local server forwards the
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@
   (default 30). A section says when its key is required, refused or out of
   its daily allowance. The Data attribution popover credits the GDELT
   Project, World News API and, once its items show, Liveuamap
-  (AUTHOR, #0).
+  (Denis Groshev, @ZloyS, #1593).
 - Cockpit Regional News holds its list to the last 24 hours, newest first, on
   the server and in the client, and labels its four states apart: fresh
   results with no banner and a `LAST 24 H` footer, earlier results kept after
   a failed refresh as `CACHED · REFRESH FAILED`, `NO NEWS IN THE LAST 24 H`,
   and `REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE`. The banner is now really hidden over a
   populated list, and the footer no longer reverts to a static `RECENT` on a
-  page change (AUTHOR, #0).
+  page change (Denis Groshev, @ZloyS, #1593).

From 30e6cd39c7482159142e36d7fd9e3288ff4a8142 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said Turksever <asturksever@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 00:40:20 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 058/181] fix(street-level): re-check after every await; close
 the old photo; fresh panel views

Address samehkhamis's review on #1113:

- show_street_level checks the turn, the camera's owner (navigation stamp,
  re-taken where its own flight lands, or a press/wheel on the globe) and
  the hiding modes after the flight, the map switch, the layer switch-on and
  the lookup; a photo that opened after either is closed again. The hidden
  panel is also refused before the flight.
- An open photo closes before a new request arms or looks up, so a place
  with no imagery shows its own error.
- The panel posts every view with `fresh`; the inline app opens a billed
  photo only for a fresh one.
- A passed-through view's street_level point moves with a new camera
  position; revealPanel does nothing above 720px, scrolling included.
- Document that the app's own links do not carry `sl`.
---
 SECURITY.md                           |   2 +-
 changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md |   8 +-
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                 |  20 +++-
 docs/SHARE-LINK-FORMAT.md             |  10 ++
 docs/TOOLS.md                         |   7 +-
 src/app/embed.js                      |  22 +++-
 src/app/embed.test.mjs                |  53 ++++++++++
 src/app/globePanelRuntime.js          |  25 +++--
 src/app/globePanelRuntime.test.mjs    |  71 +++++++++++++
 src/tools/queries/share.js            |   9 +-
 src/tools/queries/share.test.mjs      |  17 ++-
 src/ui/applicationShell.js            |   7 +-
 src/ui/revealPanel.test.mjs           |  16 ++-
 src/voice/gevActions.js               | 144 +++++++++++++++++++++-----
 src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs         | 132 ++++++++++++++++++++++-
 15 files changed, 486 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/app/globePanelRuntime.test.mjs

diff --git a/SECURITY.md b/SECURITY.md
index 4f1714e16..6f34022dd 100644
--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ God's Eye View's tools are also served to MCP clients: over stdio (`npm run mcp`
 - **What the panel's requests can reach.** In clients that display MCP Apps, the panel loads the app through the `panel_request` tool, which requests paths on the app's server. It is marked for the panel only and requires a key that each MCP server puts in its panel page, which keeps it from clients that list tools to the model without loading the panel. That key is not access control: any MCP client can read the panel page, key included, and then reach the app's files and data routes through `panel_request`, much as its other tools reach the data. Provider Settings, credential and model endpoints, `/mcp` and the development server's internal routes are refused to every caller.
 - **The panel carries the two browser keys.** The panel build (`npm run build:panel`) includes the same Google Maps key and Cesium ion token as the app, and they run inside the client's panel page, on the client's site. A key restricted by HTTP referrer must also allow that page, or the panel cannot load tiles. To keep the app's own keys narrower, build the panel with separately restricted keys in the environment of `npm run build:panel`.
 - **Embed mode is not framable by default.** `?embed=1` documents keep `X-Frame-Options: DENY` and `frame-ancestors 'none'` unless `GEV_EMBED_FRAME_ANCESTORS` names the pages that may frame them; a framing page can change what the app shows. Other documents can never be framed.
-- **A plain link never loads a billed Street View panorama without a click.** A share link with `sl=google,<lat>,<lon>` flies there, switches to Google 3D and lights Street View, then stops: the panel is armed and the photo loads only when the visitor presses OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW (one lookup and one panorama load on the browser Maps key, no retries, no geocoding or server call). A view posted into the embedded app (the God's Eye View panel, or a page `GEV_EMBED_FRAME_ANCESTORS` allows), and the panel page's own opening link for a tool result issued in the last five minutes, are that client's own request and open the photo; a client that mounts the panel again later (reopening a conversation) hands it the old result, which only arms; adding `?embed=1` to a published link does not lift the gate (in a frame the link only arms; the panel that holds OPEN is hidden there, so a posted view is the way to open a photo). The OPEN press uses the link's point only while the ground under the screen centre is within 1 km of it; with the sky in the middle it opens nothing. The armed lookup dies when its source is switched off, when its map leaves, or when any other photo opens or closes. A link pasted into an open tab follows the same rule, and a link's source switch and layer are never saved as the recipient's own preferences. A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`. Mapillary, KartaView and Panoramax links open their photo at once; none of them bills per image.
+- **A plain link never loads a billed Street View panorama without a click.** A share link with `sl=google,<lat>,<lon>` flies there, switches to Google 3D and lights Street View, then stops: the panel is armed and the photo loads only when the visitor presses OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW (one lookup and one panorama load on the browser Maps key, no retries, no geocoding or server call). A view posted into the embedded app (the God's Eye View panel, or a page `GEV_EMBED_FRAME_ANCESTORS` allows), and the panel page's own opening link for a tool result issued in the last five minutes, are that client's own request and open the photo; a client that mounts the panel again later (reopening a conversation) hands it the old result, which only arms, and so does any later result on the same mount issued more than five minutes ago; adding `?embed=1` to a published link does not lift the gate (in a frame the link only arms; the panel that holds OPEN is hidden there, so a posted view is the way to open a photo). The OPEN press uses the link's point only while the ground under the screen centre is within 1 km of it; with the sky in the middle it opens nothing. The armed lookup dies when its source is switched off, when its map leaves, or when any other photo opens or closes. A link pasted into an open tab follows the same rule, and a link's source switch and layer are never saved as the recipient's own preferences. A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`. Mapillary, KartaView and Panoramax links open their photo at once; none of them bills per image.
 
 ## Scope & expectations
 
diff --git a/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md b/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
index cdb83575f..076879a52 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
@@ -28,5 +28,9 @@
   failing source is reported as an error, not as missing imagery; and
   Mapillary's nearest search gives up after 12 seconds. On a phone the panel
   scrolls into view, and in embed mode EXPAND stays open while cockpit,
-  recording and scene playback hide the photo (Said Turksever, @asturksever,
-  #1113).
+  recording and scene playback hide the photo. The action checks again after
+  every wait: a navigation or a drag of the globe, or a mode that hides the
+  panel, stops it before a photo loads for a place the user left or in a
+  panel nobody sees, and a request that finds nothing closes the previous
+  photo. The panel's later results open a billed photo only when they are
+  fresh too (Said Turksever, @asturksever, #1113).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 8f1dceaa9..ca551c06d 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -4569,8 +4569,9 @@ returns the radius's photos in no particular order and cuts them at the limit
 first, so the distance sort and the imagery filter run over the spot's photos.
 On a phone the panel sits in the Cameras tab sheet: a photo that opens, and a
 link that arms, open that sheet and scroll the panel into view
-(`revealPanel`); every photo the action opens reveals the panel again, also
-one the user had collapsed. The layer exposes `requiredMapStack(id)` and
+(`revealPanel`, which does nothing above 720px, scrolling included); every
+photo the action opens reveals the panel again, also one the user had
+collapsed. The layer exposes `requiredMapStack(id)` and
 `providerStatus(id)` for callers that must decide before the panel lists a
 source, and `coverageLines(id)` (the lines a provider draws now, current and
 stale tiles, as `[lon, lat]` parts) for diagnostics and the browser gate,
@@ -4597,7 +4598,16 @@ the lookup that still owns the panel may change its spinner or error. Cancelling
 a lookup clears its loading state even when an existing photo stays open;
 internally retired lookups also release the caller's abort listener. A
 passive link's photos stand down if anyone navigated (a gesture, a search,
-the assistant) while the link waited behind its own marks. A plain
+the assistant) while the link waited behind its own marks. The action itself
+checks again after every await (flight, map switch, layer on, lookup): a
+newer turn, a shell navigation stamp (`_navigationGeneration`, re-taken where
+its own flight lands) or a press or wheel on the globe stops the remaining
+stages (`superseded: true`), and cockpit, clean view, recording or scene
+playback entered meanwhile ends it at the `view` stage; a photo that opened
+after either is closed again. The hidden-panel check also runs before the
+flight, so a recording's camera never moves for it. A photo already open
+closes before the new request arms or looks up, so a place with no imagery
+shows its own error, not the previous place's photo. A plain
 link never loads a photo from a source that bills every load
 (`billedPerImage` on the provider; Google): the action runs with
 `autoOpen: false`, arms the lookup on the layer (`armNearest`: the link's
@@ -4610,7 +4620,9 @@ points at OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW. Only the panel page's own link (inline
 embed) for a tool result issued in the last 5 minutes, and posted views, open
 the photo: `show_in_gods_eye_view` stamps a street-level result `issued_at`,
 and a host that mounts the panel again later hands back the old result, which
-only arms; `?embed=1` on a published link only
+only arms. The panel checks every result, not just the first: each `gev:view`
+it posts carries `fresh`, and the inline app applies a view without it with
+`autoOpen: false` (a framing page's posted views still open); `?embed=1` on a published link only
 arms, without the panel nudge or toast (the rail is hidden in a frame). A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`.
 The look-at default applies below 20 km, at a pitch steeper than -5° and
 within 10 km ahead; otherwise the camera's own point is used. A view's
diff --git a/docs/SHARE-LINK-FORMAT.md b/docs/SHARE-LINK-FORMAT.md
index 5728d1ec3..059d5e7b0 100644
--- a/docs/SHARE-LINK-FORMAT.md
+++ b/docs/SHARE-LINK-FORMAT.md
@@ -51,6 +51,16 @@ military aircraft or satellite. A selected vessel is not followed (the camera
 stays where the user puts it), so a link made then is a place view; vessel
 thing views open, but the app does not make them yet.
 
+## Street-level photos (`sl`)
+
+Views built by `show_in_gods_eye_view` or `src/view/index.js` can add
+`sl=<source>,<lat>,<lon>` to the long form. Once the link has restored, the
+app opens the nearest photo there, or, for a source that bills every load,
+arms the panel so OPEN loads it (see `docs/TOOLS.md`). The app's own links do
+not carry it: the address bar's long form drops `sl` when the camera next
+moves, and the short form has no field for it. A reload or the app's Copy
+Link keeps the lit source, the layer and the map, but not the photo request.
+
 ## Payload
 
 The code is unpadded base64url (`A–Z a–z 0–9 - _`). The decoded bytes are:
diff --git a/docs/TOOLS.md b/docs/TOOLS.md
index 2effba947..738ccd541 100644
--- a/docs/TOOLS.md
+++ b/docs/TOOLS.md
@@ -120,8 +120,11 @@ photo at once; none of them bills per image. A link that follows an entity ignor
 Tools take a view as `VIEW_ARGUMENTS`: an `area` to frame from above, or a
 `camera`, plus `layers`, `style`, `map`, `follow`, `annotations` and
 `street_level`. A tilted camera over an area looks at its center from behind;
-camera fields given with an area override its framing. `resolveViewArguments`
-turns them into a view.
+camera fields given with an area override its framing. A passed-through
+view's `street_level` point moves with a new `area` or camera position (a
+turned camera keeps it). `resolveViewArguments` turns them into a view. The
+app's own links (the address bar, Copy Link, `/share/<code>`) do not carry
+`sl`; see `docs/SHARE-LINK-FORMAT.md`.
 
 ### The God's Eye View panel
 
diff --git a/src/app/embed.js b/src/app/embed.js
index 87ecbb386..3b9df2a9c 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.js
+++ b/src/app/embed.js
@@ -216,7 +216,14 @@ function armedToast() {
  */
 export async function applyView(
   view,
-  { viewer, dataManager, run, signal, retryMs = FOLLOW_RETRY_MS },
+  {
+    viewer,
+    dataManager,
+    run,
+    signal,
+    autoOpen = true,
+    retryMs = FOLLOW_RETRY_MS,
+  },
 ) {
   const steps = [];
   const act = async (name, args) => {
@@ -258,7 +265,7 @@ export async function applyView(
     // before flying, the view's own camera still applies.
     const result = await act(
       'show_street_level',
-      streetLevelArgs(view.street_level),
+      streetLevelArgs(view.street_level, { autoOpen }),
     );
     if (result?.ok !== true) {
       // An earlier view's photo must not stay over a place this view left.
@@ -447,9 +454,18 @@ export function installViews({
       );
       return;
     }
+    // A panel's host can hand back old results on a remount: only one issued
+    // just now may open a billed photo. A framing page's view is its own.
+    const autoOpen = !isEmbeddedInline() || event.data.fresh === true;
     queue = queue.then(async () => {
       if (signal?.aborted) return;
-      const steps = await applyView(view, { viewer, dataManager, run, signal });
+      const steps = await applyView(view, {
+        viewer,
+        dataManager,
+        run,
+        signal,
+        autoOpen,
+      });
       post(
         {
           type: EMBED_APPLIED_MESSAGE,
diff --git a/src/app/embed.test.mjs b/src/app/embed.test.mjs
index a7cf6b61e..45f85a625 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.test.mjs
+++ b/src/app/embed.test.mjs
@@ -188,6 +188,59 @@ test('an embedded page takes views only from its parent and answers it', async (
   remove();
 });
 
+test('an inline panel opens a billed photo only for a view whose result is fresh', async () => {
+  const windowRef = new EventTarget();
+  windowRef.parent = windowRef;
+  windowRef.postMessage = () => {};
+  windowRef.document = { body: { classList: new Set() } };
+  windowRef.document.body.classList.add = Set.prototype.add;
+  Object.assign(windowRef, {
+    requestAnimationFrame: () => 1,
+    cancelAnimationFrame() {},
+    setInterval: () => 1,
+    clearInterval() {},
+  });
+  const { calls, run } = recorder();
+  globalThis.GEV_EMBED_INLINE = true;
+  try {
+    const remove = installViews({
+      shell: { initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve() },
+      viewer: fakeViewer(),
+      dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+      run,
+      location: { search: '', hash: '' },
+      windowRef,
+    });
+    const view = {
+      camera: { lat: 48.8584, lon: 2.2945 },
+      map: 'photoreal',
+      street_level: { provider: 'google', lat: 48.8584, lon: 2.2945 },
+    };
+    for (const [id, fresh] of [
+      [1, true],
+      [2, false],
+      [3, undefined],
+    ]) {
+      const event = new Event('message');
+      Object.assign(event, {
+        source: windowRef,
+        data: { type: 'gev:view', id, view, fresh },
+      });
+      windowRef.dispatchEvent(event);
+    }
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 20));
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      calls
+        .filter(([name]) => name === 'show_street_level')
+        .map(([, args]) => args.autoOpen ?? true),
+      [true, false, false],
+    );
+    remove();
+  } finally {
+    delete globalThis.GEV_EMBED_INLINE;
+  }
+});
+
 test('an app loaded inline into a panel page talks through its own window', async () => {
   const posted = [];
   const windowRef = new EventTarget();
diff --git a/src/app/globePanelRuntime.js b/src/app/globePanelRuntime.js
index a19724aa2..280eff063 100644
--- a/src/app/globePanelRuntime.js
+++ b/src/app/globePanelRuntime.js
@@ -560,9 +560,15 @@ export function panelRuntime(config) {
   let started = false;
   let ready = false;
   let queued = null;
+  let queuedFresh = false;
   let currentUrl = null;
-  const postView = (view) =>
-    window.postMessage({ type: 'gev:view', id: nextId++, view }, '*');
+  // Every view carries whether its result was issued just now: only those may
+  // open a billed photo, whichever result on this mount they came in.
+  const postView = (view, fresh) =>
+    window.postMessage(
+      { type: 'gev:view', id: nextId++, view, fresh: fresh === true },
+      '*',
+    );
   function show(result) {
     const data = result?.structuredContent;
     const view = data?.view;
@@ -570,16 +576,17 @@ export function panelRuntime(config) {
     if (!view || !url) return;
     currentUrl = url;
     open.hidden = false;
-    if (ready) return postView(view);
-    queued = view;
-    if (started) return;
-    started = true;
-    // i18n-ignore: host-panel script, no app catalogs
-    say("Loading God's Eye View…");
     const issuedAt = Number(data.issued_at);
     const fresh =
       Number.isFinite(issuedAt) &&
       Math.abs(Date.now() - issuedAt) <= FRESH_RESULT_MS;
+    if (ready) return postView(view, fresh);
+    queued = view;
+    queuedFresh = fresh;
+    if (started) return;
+    started = true;
+    // i18n-ignore: host-panel script, no app catalogs
+    say("Loading God's Eye View…");
     startApp(url, view, fresh).catch((error) =>
       // i18n-ignore: host-panel script, no app catalogs
       say(`God's Eye View could not load here: ${error?.message || error}.`),
@@ -601,7 +608,7 @@ export function panelRuntime(config) {
       if (message?.type === 'gev:ready') {
         ready = true;
         status.remove();
-        if (queued) postView(queued);
+        if (queued) postView(queued, queuedFresh);
         queued = null;
       }
       return;
diff --git a/src/app/globePanelRuntime.test.mjs b/src/app/globePanelRuntime.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..186d2e743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/globePanelRuntime.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import test from 'node:test';
+import { panelRuntime } from './globePanelRuntime.js';
+
+const element = () => ({
+  isConnected: true,
+  hidden: true,
+  textContent: '',
+  addEventListener() {},
+  remove() {
+    this.isConnected = false;
+  },
+});
+
+test('every view the panel posts says whether its result was issued just now', async () => {
+  const savedWindow = globalThis.window;
+  const savedDocument = globalThis.document;
+  const views = [];
+  const parent = { postMessage() {} };
+  const windowRef = new EventTarget();
+  Object.assign(windowRef, {
+    parent,
+    postMessage: (message) => {
+      if (message?.type === 'gev:view') views.push(message);
+    },
+  });
+  const elements = { status: element(), open: element(), expand: element() };
+  globalThis.window = windowRef;
+  globalThis.document = {
+    getElementById: (id) => elements[id] ?? null,
+    addEventListener() {},
+    baseURI: 'https://host.example/panel',
+    body: { clientWidth: 600 },
+  };
+  const deliver = (source, data) => {
+    const event = new Event('message');
+    Object.assign(event, { source, data });
+    windowRef.dispatchEvent(event);
+  };
+  const result = (issuedAt) => ({
+    jsonrpc: '2.0',
+    method: 'ui/notifications/tool-result',
+    params: {
+      structuredContent: {
+        url: 'http://localhost:4173/#sl=google,48.85840,2.29450',
+        issued_at: issuedAt,
+        view: { camera: { lat: 48.8584, lon: 2.2945 } },
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  try {
+    panelRuntime({
+      appBaseUrl: 'http://localhost:4173/',
+      panelBase: '/panel/',
+      protocolVersion: '2025-06-18',
+      panelHeight: 480,
+    });
+    deliver(windowRef, { type: 'gev:ready' });
+    deliver(parent, result(Date.now()));
+    // A host replaying an old result on the same mount.
+    deliver(parent, result(Date.now() - 60 * 60 * 1000));
+    deliver(parent, result(undefined));
+  } finally {
+    globalThis.window = savedWindow;
+    globalThis.document = savedDocument;
+  }
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    views.map((message) => message.fresh),
+    [true, false, false],
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/tools/queries/share.js b/src/tools/queries/share.js
index c612f908b..bdb9d9267 100644
--- a/src/tools/queries/share.js
+++ b/src/tools/queries/share.js
@@ -77,12 +77,17 @@ export async function resolveViewArguments(args, { services, signal, tools }) {
     : { ...base.camera, ...args.camera };
   let label = null;
   // Street-level photos open at the area's centre unless a point is given;
-  // a new area moves a passed-through view's photos with it.
+  // a new area or camera position moves a passed-through view's photos with
+  // it.
+  const moved =
+    Boolean(args.area) ||
+    args.camera?.lat !== undefined ||
+    args.camera?.lon !== undefined;
   let streetLevel =
     args.street_level && typeof args.street_level === 'object'
       ? { ...args.street_level }
       : base.street_level && typeof base.street_level === 'object'
-        ? args.area
+        ? moved
           ? { provider: base.street_level.provider }
           : { ...base.street_level }
         : null;
diff --git a/src/tools/queries/share.test.mjs b/src/tools/queries/share.test.mjs
index 6b1c55f4a..19458e0e7 100644
--- a/src/tools/queries/share.test.mjs
+++ b/src/tools/queries/share.test.mjs
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ test('links can open street-level photos at the area, on the map the source need
   );
 });
 
-test('a new area moves a passed-through view’s photos, and a tilted area still opens them at its centre', async () => {
+test('a new area or camera position moves a passed-through view’s photos, and a tilted area still opens them at its centre', async () => {
   const catalog = composeCatalog({
     tools: coreTools,
     services: { app: { baseUrl: 'http://localhost:4173/' } },
@@ -176,6 +176,21 @@ test('a new area moves a passed-through view’s photos, and a tilted area still
     lat: 42.3314,
     lon: -83.0458,
   });
+  // A new camera position moves them too; turning the camera keeps them.
+  const moved = await catalog.call('show_in_gods_eye_view', {
+    view: first.data.view,
+    camera: { lat: 40.758, lon: -73.9855, altitude_m: 800, pitch_deg: -90 },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(moved.data.view.street_level, {
+    provider: 'google',
+    lat: 40.758,
+    lon: -73.9855,
+  });
+  const turned = await catalog.call('show_in_gods_eye_view', {
+    view: first.data.view,
+    camera: { heading_deg: 90 },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(turned.data.view.street_level, first.data.view.street_level);
   const tilted = await catalog.call('show_in_gods_eye_view', {
     area: { lat: 48.8584, lon: 2.2945, radius_km: 1 },
     camera: { pitch_deg: -30 },
diff --git a/src/ui/applicationShell.js b/src/ui/applicationShell.js
index fd509cf51..407cc05a3 100644
--- a/src/ui/applicationShell.js
+++ b/src/ui/applicationShell.js
@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@ import { ShellFacade } from './shellFacade.js';
 import { AircraftDisplay } from './aircraftDisplay.js';
 import { LayerBindings } from './layerBindings.js';
 import { PanelChrome } from './panelChrome.js';
-import { initMobileShell, sheetForPanelId } from './mobileShell.js';
+import {
+  initMobileShell,
+  MOBILE_SHELL_MEDIA_QUERY,
+  sheetForPanelId,
+} from './mobileShell.js';
 import { VisualSettings } from './visualSettings.js';
 import { NavigationController } from './navigationController.js';
 import { ShareRestoration } from './shareRestoration.js';
@@ -1221,6 +1225,7 @@ export class StyleManager extends ShellFacade {
    */
   revealPanel(panelId) {
     const sheet = sheetForPanelId(panelId);
+    if (!globalThis.matchMedia?.(MOBILE_SHELL_MEDIA_QUERY)?.matches) return;
     if (sheet) this._mobileShell?.setSheet(sheet);
     // The sheet opens at its top; a panel lower in the rail is scrolled to.
     document.getElementById(panelId)?.scrollIntoView?.({ block: 'nearest' });
diff --git a/src/ui/revealPanel.test.mjs b/src/ui/revealPanel.test.mjs
index 5ed7696ac..e1cab5047 100644
--- a/src/ui/revealPanel.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/revealPanel.test.mjs
@@ -2,14 +2,18 @@ import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import test from 'node:test';
 import { StyleManager } from './applicationShell.js';
 
-test('revealing a panel opens its phone sheet and scrolls the panel into view', () => {
+function reveal({ phone }) {
   const sheets = [];
   const scrolls = [];
   const panel = { scrollIntoView: (options) => scrolls.push(options) };
   const saved = globalThis.document;
+  const savedMatchMedia = globalThis.matchMedia;
   globalThis.document = {
     getElementById: (id) => (id === 'street-level-panel' ? panel : null),
   };
+  globalThis.matchMedia = (query) => ({
+    matches: phone && query === '(max-width: 720px)',
+  });
   try {
     StyleManager.prototype.revealPanel.call(
       { _mobileShell: { setSheet: (sheet) => sheets.push(sheet) } },
@@ -17,8 +21,18 @@ test('revealing a panel opens its phone sheet and scrolls the panel into view',
     );
   } finally {
     globalThis.document = saved;
+    globalThis.matchMedia = savedMatchMedia;
   }
+  return { sheets, scrolls };
+}
+
+test('revealing a panel opens its phone sheet and scrolls the panel into view', () => {
+  const { sheets, scrolls } = reveal({ phone: true });
   assert.deepEqual(sheets, ['cameras']);
   // The panel sits below the sheet's first screen at 375×812.
   assert.deepEqual(scrolls, [{ block: 'nearest' }]);
 });
+
+test('revealing a panel above 720px neither opens a sheet nor scrolls the rail', () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(reveal({ phone: false }), { sheets: [], scrolls: [] });
+});
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.js b/src/voice/gevActions.js
index ec68cffa1..1bd7802f0 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.js
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.js
@@ -760,6 +760,7 @@ export function createGevActionRunner({
 
     if (name === 'show_street_level') {
       return showStreetLevel(args, {
+        viewer,
         dataManager,
         styleManager,
         placeSearch,
@@ -3458,6 +3459,55 @@ function actionIntentOrigin(runOptions) {
   return runOptions?.origin === 'programmatic' ? 'programmatic' : 'voice';
 }
 
+/** Gestures on the globe that take the camera from a pending request. */
+const CAMERA_GESTURES = ['pointerdown', 'wheel'];
+
+/**
+ * Whether the camera is still a request's: a navigation the shell stamps (a
+ * search, the assistant, a link) or a press or wheel on the globe hands it to
+ * someone else. `claim()` makes the camera as it is now the request's (after
+ * its own flight); `stop()` removes the gesture listeners.
+ */
+function watchCameraOwner(viewer, navigation) {
+  let generation = navigation?._navigationGeneration;
+  const canvas = viewer?.canvas ?? viewer?.scene?.canvas ?? null;
+  let taken = false;
+  const onGesture = () => {
+    taken = true;
+  };
+  for (const type of CAMERA_GESTURES)
+    canvas?.addEventListener?.(type, onGesture, { passive: true });
+  return {
+    claim: () => {
+      generation = navigation?._navigationGeneration;
+      taken = false;
+    },
+    taken: () =>
+      taken ||
+      (Number.isFinite(generation) &&
+        navigation._navigationGeneration !== generation),
+    stop: () => {
+      for (const type of CAMERA_GESTURES)
+        canvas?.removeEventListener?.(type, onGesture);
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether cockpit, clean view, recording or scene playback hides the panel a
+ * street-level photo opens in. Embed mode uses clean view for its globe but
+ * lifts the photo out of the hidden rail.
+ */
+function streetLevelPanelHidden() {
+  const body = globalThis.document?.body;
+  const embedded = body?.classList?.contains('ui-embed') === true;
+  return EXCLUSIVE_SURFACE_CLASSES.some(
+    (mode) =>
+      body?.classList?.contains(mode) &&
+      !(embedded && mode === 'ui-clean-view'),
+  );
+}
+
 /**
  * "Show me <place> on Street View / on Mapillary": fly to the place, make sure
  * the imagery source's map is up, light that source in Street Level, turn the
@@ -3469,13 +3519,26 @@ function actionIntentOrigin(runOptions) {
  * from a source that bills every load: the panel is armed and the OPEN
  * button is one click away.
  */
-export async function showStreetLevel(
+export async function showStreetLevel(args, context) {
+  // Every await can hand the request's moment to someone else: a newer turn,
+  // a navigation or gesture that takes the camera, or a mode that hides the
+  // panel. Each stage after the place is settled checks again.
+  const owner = watchCameraOwner(context.viewer, context.styleManager);
+  try {
+    return await requestStreetLevel(args, { ...context, owner });
+  } finally {
+    owner.stop();
+  }
+}
+
+async function requestStreetLevel(
   args,
   {
     dataManager,
     styleManager,
     placeSearch,
     runGevAction,
+    owner,
     runOptions = {},
     current = () => true,
     reportProgress = () => {},
@@ -3548,6 +3611,34 @@ export async function showStreetLevel(
       keyAlternatives: layerModule.getUIState?.()?.keyAlternatives || [],
     });
 
+  // A hidden panel refuses before the camera leaves a recording or scene.
+  const hidden = (extra = {}) =>
+    fail(
+      'view',
+      msg(
+        'Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.',
+      ),
+      extra,
+    );
+  if (streetLevelPanelHidden()) return hidden();
+  const interrupted = (stage, extra = {}) => {
+    if (!current())
+      return fail(stage, 'Street-level request was cancelled', {
+        cancelled: true,
+        location,
+        ...extra,
+      });
+    if (owner.taken())
+      return fail(stage, 'The camera moved on before the photo opened', {
+        cancelled: true,
+        superseded: true,
+        location,
+        ...extra,
+      });
+    if (streetLevelPanelHidden()) return hidden({ location, ...extra });
+    return null;
+  };
+
   // Then the place: a name that geocodes to nothing changes nothing else.
   label =
     query ||
@@ -3615,24 +3706,11 @@ export async function showStreetLevel(
   }
 
   // Cockpit, clean view, recording and scene playback hide the panel the
-  // photo opens in: say so before anything loads unseen. Embed mode uses
-  // clean view for its globe but lifts the photo out of the hidden rail.
-  const body = globalThis.document?.body;
-  const embedded = body?.classList?.contains('ui-embed') === true;
-  if (
-    EXCLUSIVE_SURFACE_CLASSES.some(
-      (mode) =>
-        body?.classList?.contains(mode) &&
-        !(embedded && mode === 'ui-clean-view'),
-    )
-  )
-    return fail(
-      'view',
-      msg(
-        'Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.',
-      ),
-      { location },
-    );
+  // photo opens in, and may have started during the flight.
+  // The camera is the request's from where its own flight landed.
+  if (location) owner.claim();
+  const arrived = interrupted('view');
+  if (arrived) return arrived;
 
   // The source's map, when it needs one (Street View: Google 3D only).
   const requiredStack = layerModule.requiredMapStack?.(provider) || null;
@@ -3644,13 +3722,15 @@ export async function showStreetLevel(
       { stack: requiredStack },
       runOptions,
     );
-    if (map?.ok !== true || !current())
+    if (map?.ok !== true && current())
       return fail(
         'map',
         map?.error ||
           `${providerName} needs the ${requiredStack} map, which is not available`,
         { map, location },
       );
+    const stop = interrupted('map', { map });
+    if (stop) return stop;
   }
 
   // Light the source the way a chip click does, so the choice is kept.
@@ -3675,12 +3755,14 @@ export async function showStreetLevel(
       { layerId: STREET_LEVEL_LAYER_ID, enabled: true },
       runOptions,
     );
-    if (layer?.ok !== true || !current())
+    if (layer?.ok !== true && current())
       return fail(
         'layer',
         layer?.error || 'Street Level could not be enabled',
-        { cancelled: !current() || Boolean(layer?.cancelled), layer, location },
+        { cancelled: Boolean(layer?.cancelled), layer, location },
       );
+    const stop = interrupted('layer', { layer });
+    if (stop) return stop;
   }
 
   // Listed now that its map is up, and lit.
@@ -3698,6 +3780,11 @@ export async function showStreetLevel(
       location,
     });
 
+  // A photo of another place must not stay up beside this request's answer,
+  // armed or opened, found or not: the panel shows this request's outcome.
+  if (layerModule.getUIState?.()?.street?.open === true)
+    layerModule.closeViewer?.();
+
   // A billed source never loads from a link without a click: everything is
   // ready and OPEN is one press away at the view centre.
   if (args.autoOpen === false && status?.billed === true) {
@@ -3737,12 +3824,13 @@ export async function showStreetLevel(
   });
   const street = layerModule.getUIState?.()?.street || {};
   // A cancelled request opens nothing (the lookup and the viewer both honour
-  // the turn's signal); a photo that did open is reported as open.
-  if (opened !== true && !current())
-    return fail('imagery', 'Street-level request was cancelled', {
-      cancelled: true,
-      location,
-    });
+  // the turn's signal). A photo that opened after the camera moved on, or
+  // into a panel hidden meanwhile, is closed again: nobody asked to see it.
+  const late = interrupted('imagery');
+  if (late) {
+    if (opened === true) layerModule.closeViewer?.();
+    return late;
+  }
   if (opened !== true) {
     // Why nothing opened: the key, a change under the lookup, or no imagery.
     const after = layerModule.providerStatus?.(provider) || status || {};
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
index 775aea8d2..17867657b 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
@@ -5717,12 +5717,21 @@ function createStreetLevelHarness({
   lightFails = false,
   imageryError = null,
   sky = false,
+  photoOpen = false,
+  duringMapSwitch = null,
+  duringEnable = null,
 } = {}) {
   const order = [];
   const lookups = [];
   const origins = [];
   const revealed = [];
-  const { viewer, styleManager } = createVoiceNavigationHarness();
+  const { viewer, styleManager, currentGeneration } = createVoiceNavigationHarness();
+  // Who owns the camera: the shell's navigation stamps and globe gestures.
+  let userNavigations = 0;
+  Object.defineProperty(styleManager, '_navigationGeneration', {
+    get: () => currentGeneration() + userNavigations,
+  });
+  viewer.scene.canvas = Object.assign(new EventTarget(), { clientWidth: 1200, clientHeight: 800 });
   let completeFlight = null;
   viewer.camera.lookAt = () => {};
   viewer.camera.flyToBoundingSphere = (_sphere, options) => {
@@ -5736,11 +5745,14 @@ function createStreetLevelHarness({
   styleManager.setMapStack = async (id) => {
     order.push(`map:${id}`);
     stack = id;
+    duringMapSwitch?.();
     return { ok: true, activeStack: id, error: null };
   };
   let params = { ...lit };
   let keyRejected = keyRejectedAtStart;
-  const street = { imageId: null, error: null };
+  const street = photoOpen
+    ? { open: true, imageId: 'eiffel-photo', error: null }
+    : { open: false, imageId: null, error: null };
   const names = { google: 'Google Street View', mapillary: 'Mapillary' };
   const layer = {
     providerIds: ['mapillary', 'google'],
@@ -5777,6 +5789,10 @@ function createStreetLevelHarness({
       coverage: { hint: 'not on this map' },
       street: { ...street },
     }),
+    closeViewer() {
+      order.push('close');
+      Object.assign(street, { open: false, imageId: null, error: null, nearestOutcome: null });
+    },
     armNearest(point, options) {
       order.push(`arm:${options.providerIds.join('+')}:${options.radiusM ?? 'default'}:${point ? `${point.lat},${point.lon}` : 'view-centre'}`);
     },
@@ -5806,6 +5822,7 @@ function createStreetLevelHarness({
         street.error = `No street-level imagery within ${options.radiusM ?? 50} m of ${point ? 'that point' : 'the view centre'}`;
         return false;
       }
+      street.open = true;
       street.imageId = nearest;
       street.title = '10th St, Sacramento';
       street.position = point;
@@ -5828,6 +5845,7 @@ function createStreetLevelHarness({
       order.push(`enable:${id}`);
       if (enableResult === false) return false;
       enabled = true;
+      duringEnable?.();
       return true;
     },
     getAll: () => [{ id: 'street-level', name: 'Street Level', enabled }],
@@ -5835,7 +5853,22 @@ function createStreetLevelHarness({
   styleManager.setPanelCollapsed = (id, collapsed) => revealed.push(`collapse:${id}:${collapsed}`);
   styleManager.revealPanel = (id) => revealed.push(`reveal:${id}`);
   const runner = createGevActionRunner({ viewer, styleManager, dataManager });
-  return { runner, order, finishFlight: () => completeFlight?.(), layer, dataManager, lookups, origins, revealed };
+  return {
+    runner,
+    order,
+    finishFlight: () => completeFlight?.(),
+    layer,
+    dataManager,
+    lookups,
+    origins,
+    revealed,
+    street,
+    // The user searches or flies elsewhere, or drags the globe.
+    navigate: () => {
+      userNavigations += 1;
+    },
+    gesture: () => viewer.scene.canvas.dispatchEvent(new Event('pointerdown')),
+  };
 }
 
 /** A loaded CCTV camera the entity branch can locate. */
@@ -6398,6 +6431,99 @@ test('show_street_level in a view that hides its panel stops before anything loa
   }
 });
 
+test('show_street_level checks the panel again after every wait: a mode entered meanwhile loads nothing unseen', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const saved = globalThis.document;
+  const classes = new Set();
+  globalThis.document = { body: { classList: { contains: (name) => classes.has(name) } } };
+  try {
+    for (const [mode, when] of [
+      ['ui-clean-view', 'duringEnable'],
+      ['cockpit-mode', 'duringMapSwitch'],
+    ]) {
+      classes.clear();
+      const h = createStreetLevelHarness({ [when]: () => classes.add(mode) });
+      const result = await h.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 38.58, longitude: -121.49, provider: 'google', fly: false });
+      assert.deepEqual([result.ok, result.stage], [false, 'view'], mode);
+      assert.deepEqual(h.order.filter((step) => /^(open|arm)/.test(step)), [], `${mode}: no billed load`);
+      assert.deepEqual(h.revealed, [], `${mode}: nothing revealed`);
+    }
+    // Entered while the photo loaded: it is closed again, not reported as shown.
+    classes.clear();
+    const late = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true });
+    const open = late.layer.openNearest;
+    late.layer.openNearest = async (...call) => {
+      const opened = await open(...call);
+      classes.add('recording-mode');
+      return opened;
+    };
+    const result = await late.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 38.58, longitude: -121.49, provider: 'mapillary', fly: false });
+    assert.deepEqual([result.ok, result.stage], [false, 'view']);
+    assert.equal(late.order.at(-1), 'close');
+    assert.deepEqual(late.revealed, []);
+  } finally {
+    globalThis.document = saved;
+  }
+});
+
+test('show_street_level refuses a hidden panel before the camera leaves a recording', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const saved = globalThis.document;
+  globalThis.document = { body: { classList: { contains: (name) => name === 'recording-mode' } } };
+  try {
+    const { runner, order } = createStreetLevelHarness();
+    const result = await runner('show_street_level', { query: 'Eiffel Tower', provider: 'mapillary' });
+    assert.deepEqual([result.ok, result.stage], [false, 'view']);
+    assert.deepEqual(order, [], 'no flight');
+  } finally {
+    globalThis.document = saved;
+  }
+});
+
+test('show_street_level stops once the camera is someone else’s: a navigation or a gesture during the map switch', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  for (const take of ['navigate', 'gesture']) {
+    let h;
+    h = createStreetLevelHarness({ duringMapSwitch: () => h[take]() });
+    const result = await h.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 38.58, longitude: -121.49, provider: 'mapillary', fly: false });
+    assert.equal(result.ok, true, `${take}: Mapillary needs no map switch`);
+    h = createStreetLevelHarness({ duringMapSwitch: () => h[take]() });
+    const google = await h.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 38.58, longitude: -121.49, provider: 'google', fly: false });
+    assert.deepEqual([google.ok, google.stage, google.cancelled, google.superseded], [false, 'map', true, true], take);
+    assert.deepEqual(h.order.filter((step) => /^(params|enable|open|arm)/.test(step)), [], `${take}: nothing lit for the old place`);
+  }
+  // During the layer switch-on: the photo lookup never runs.
+  let h;
+  h = createStreetLevelHarness({ duringEnable: () => h.navigate() });
+  const result = await h.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 38.58, longitude: -121.49, provider: 'mapillary', fly: false });
+  assert.deepEqual([result.ok, result.stage, result.superseded], [false, 'layer', true]);
+  assert.ok(!h.order.some((step) => step.startsWith('open:')));
+});
+
+test('show_street_level owns the camera from where its own flight lands', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const h = createStreetLevelHarness();
+  const pending = h.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 38.58, longitude: -121.49, provider: 'mapillary' });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  h.finishFlight();
+  const result = await pending;
+  assert.equal(result.ok, true, result.error);
+  assert.ok(h.order.some((step) => step.startsWith('open:mapillary')));
+});
+
+test('show_street_level closes the previous photo, so one that finds nothing leaves no other place on screen', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const empty = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, photoOpen: true, nearest: null });
+  const result = await empty.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 23.4, longitude: 12.5, provider: 'mapillary', fly: false });
+  assert.deepEqual([result.ok, result.noImagery], [false, true]);
+  assert.equal(empty.street.open, false, 'the Paris photo is gone');
+  assert.match(empty.street.error, /No street-level imagery/, 'the panel shows why');
+  // A link that only arms a billed source closes it too.
+  const armed = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, photoOpen: true, activeStack: 'photoreal' });
+  await armed.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 23.4, longitude: 12.5, provider: 'google', fly: false, autoOpen: false });
+  assert.deepEqual(armed.order.filter((step) => /^(close|arm)/.test(step)).map((step) => step.split(':')[0]), ['close', 'arm']);
+});
+
 test('show_street_level opens over the clean embedded globe but respects its other exclusive modes', async () => {
   globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
   const saved = globalThis.document;

From 525543d08a320b779fa40329602b4c98d1387ef1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 10:18:26 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 059/181] test(news): take Jordan as the sample country

---
 server/providers/news.test.mjs       |  8 ++--
 server/providers/news/categorize.js  |  4 +-
 server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs | 64 ++++++++++++++--------------
 3 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)

diff --git a/server/providers/news.test.mjs b/server/providers/news.test.mjs
index bef3512c5..438174011 100644
--- a/server/providers/news.test.mjs
+++ b/server/providers/news.test.mjs
@@ -70,13 +70,13 @@ test('without GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN Core answers itself: Conflicts from GDELT, Local s
   const hotspots = await call('/hotspots');
   assert.equal(hotspots.status, 502);
   assert.deepEqual(hotspots.json, { error: 'news_upstream_error' });
-  const local = await call('/feed?hotspot=all&at=51.13,71.43');
+  const local = await call('/feed?hotspot=all&at=31.95,35.93');
   assert.equal(local.status, 503);
   assert.deepEqual(local.json, { error: 'no_key', key: 'worldnewsapi' });
   // The area is read from the bundled countries, with no key.
-  const area = await call('/outline?at=51.13,71.43&v=4');
+  const area = await call('/outline?at=31.95,35.93&v=4');
   assert.equal(area.status, 200);
-  assert.equal(area.json.area.name, 'Kazakhstan');
+  assert.equal(area.json.area.name, 'Jordan');
   // The client's allowlist still holds.
   assert.equal((await call('/feed?side=UA')).status, 400);
   assert.ok(hosts.length > 0);
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ test('a host that serves news only from its own server turns the built-in backen
   for (const url of [
     '/hotspots',
     '/feed?hotspot=all',
-    '/outline?at=51.13,71.43&v=4',
+    '/outline?at=31.95,35.93&v=4',
   ]) {
     const answer = await call(url);
     assert.equal(answer.status, 503, url);
diff --git a/server/providers/news/categorize.js b/server/providers/news/categorize.js
index 64ebb8bab..c5619e9d8 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/categorize.js
+++ b/server/providers/news/categorize.js
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ const RULES = {
     ['president', 0.5],
     ['minister', 0.5],
     ['statement', 0.5],
-    // A state visit ("King of Jordan arrives in Astana").
+    // A state visit ("Emir of Qatar arrives in Amman").
     ['visit', 0.5],
     ['delegation', 0.5],
     ['agreement', 0.5],
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ const RULES = {
 
 // Business, trade, industry and energy, counted only when nothing physical
 // happened (categorizeText): an oil depot struck is a strike. English,
-// Russian, Ukrainian, Kazakh-press Russian, Turkish and the European stems.
+// Russian, Ukrainian, Turkish and the European stems.
 RULES.economy = [
   'econom',
   'gdp$',
diff --git a/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs b/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
index d7ee9e545..d9a21bc54 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
+++ b/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ const LIVEUAMAP = {
     },
     {
       id: 102,
-      name: 'Floods kill dozens in Astana',
-      lat: '51.16940',
-      lng: '71.44910',
-      location: 'Astana',
+      name: 'Floods kill dozens in Amman',
+      lat: '31.95390',
+      lng: '35.91060',
+      location: 'Amman',
       timestamp: seconds('2026-11-05T10:00:00Z'),
-      link: 'https://asia.liveuamap.com/en/2026/5-november-astana',
+      link: 'https://mideast.liveuamap.com/en/2026/5-november-amman',
       img_share: '',
       video: '',
     },
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ const WORLD_NEWS = {
   news: [
     {
       id: 9001,
-      title: 'Visiting minister arrives in Astana for talks',
-      url: 'https://www.daily.example/en/minister-astana-talks',
+      title: 'Visiting minister arrives in Amman for talks',
+      url: 'https://www.daily.example/en/minister-amman-talks',
       image: 'https://www.daily.example/pics/visit.jpg',
       publish_date: '2026-11-05 08:30:00',
       language: 'en',
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ const WORLD_NEWS = {
     // Sport is left out.
     {
       id: 9004,
-      title: 'Astana Arlan win the cup final',
+      title: 'Al-Faisaly win the cup final',
       url: 'https://sport.example/cup',
       publish_date: '2026-11-05 09:00:00',
       category: 'sports',
@@ -452,13 +452,13 @@ test('an export not published yet is looked for again, and the day is kept a day
 
 test('Local names the country at the point and outlines it, with no key', async () => {
   const { ask, calls } = keyed({ env: {} });
-  const answer = await ask('/outline', 'at=51.13,71.43&v=4');
+  const answer = await ask('/outline', 'at=31.95,35.93&v=4');
   const outline = normalizeOutlinePayload(answer.body);
   assert.deepEqual(outline.area, {
-    key: 'KZ',
-    name: 'Kazakhstan',
+    key: 'JO',
+    name: 'Jordan',
     kind: 'country',
-    country: 'KZ',
+    country: 'JO',
   });
   assert.ok(outline.polygons.length > 0);
   const sea = await ask('/outline', 'at=0,-30&v=4');
@@ -472,12 +472,12 @@ test("Local in a country is its outlets' everyday news, pinned inside it, plus t
   const { ask, calls } = keyed();
   const answer = await ask(
     '/feed',
-    'hotspot=all&geo=1&today=1&events=1&limit=40&at=51.13,71.43',
+    'hotspot=all&geo=1&today=1&events=1&limit=40&at=31.95,35.93',
   );
   assert.equal(answer.status, 200);
   const search = calls.find((c) => host(c) === 'api.worldnewsapi.com');
   assert.equal(search.url.pathname, '/search-news');
-  assert.equal(search.url.searchParams.get('source-country'), 'kz');
+  assert.equal(search.url.searchParams.get('source-country'), 'jo');
   assert.equal(search.url.searchParams.has('categories'), false);
   assert.equal(
     search.url.searchParams.get('earliest-publish-date'),
@@ -497,13 +497,13 @@ test("Local in a country is its outlets' everyday news, pinned inside it, plus t
   assert.equal(visit.publisher, 'daily.example');
   assert.equal(visit.snippet, null, 'titles and links only');
   assert.equal(visit.geo.precision, 'country');
-  assert.equal(visit.geo.place, 'Kazakhstan');
+  assert.equal(visit.geo.place, 'Jordan');
   assert.equal(visit.event.image.publisher, 'daily.example');
   assert.equal(exploration.category, 'economy');
 
   // The point each is pinned at lies in the area Local outlines.
   const outline = normalizeOutlinePayload(
-    (await ask('/outline', 'at=51.13,71.43&v=4')).body,
+    (await ask('/outline', 'at=31.95,35.93&v=4')).body,
   );
   const { inPolygons } = await import('../../../src/layers/news/model.js');
   for (const report of reports)
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ test("GDELT's places are named by their town and the area there, not its old reg
 
 test("a country's news is read once per half hour and Liveuamap's feed once per five minutes", async () => {
   const { ask, calls, clock } = keyed();
-  const local = 'hotspot=all&at=51.13,71.43';
+  const local = 'hotspot=all&at=31.95,35.93';
   await ask('/feed', local);
   await ask('/feed', local);
   await ask('/hotspots');
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ test("a country's news is read once per half hour and Liveuamap's feed once per
 
 test('Local without its key says which key it needs and reads nothing', async () => {
   const noLocal = keyed({ env: { LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY: 'live-key' } });
-  assert.deepEqual(await noLocal.ask('/feed', 'at=51.13,71.43'), {
+  assert.deepEqual(await noLocal.ask('/feed', 'at=31.95,35.93'), {
     status: 503,
     body: { error: 'no_key', key: 'worldnewsapi' },
   });
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ test('a refused Liveuamap key leaves GDELT; World News API refusing names its ke
   const conflicts = await refused.ask('/hotspots');
   assert.equal(conflicts.status, 200);
   assert.equal(conflicts.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 4);
-  assert.deepEqual(await refused.ask('/feed', 'at=51.13,71.43'), {
+  assert.deepEqual(await refused.ask('/feed', 'at=31.95,35.93'), {
     status: 503,
     body: { error: 'key_rejected', key: 'worldnewsapi' },
   });
@@ -766,10 +766,10 @@ test('Local where only Conflicts reports speak answers 502 when they fail; in a
     UPSTREAM_ERROR,
   );
   assert.equal(count(calls, 'api.worldnewsapi.com'), 0);
-  const kazakhstan = await ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&at=51.13,71.43');
-  assert.equal(kazakhstan.status, 200);
+  const jordan = await ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&at=31.95,35.93');
+  assert.equal(jordan.status, 200);
   assert.deepEqual(
-    kazakhstan.body.reports.map((r) => r.id),
+    jordan.body.reports.map((r) => r.id),
     ['wna-9001', 'wna-9002'],
   );
 });
@@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ test('a territory without a code is named as itself, not read as sea', async ()
 test('a stale Liveuamap or World News API read is served while it is read again', async () => {
   const answers = {};
   const { ask, calls, clock, settle } = keyed({ answers });
-  const local = 'hotspot=all&at=51.13,71.43';
+  const local = 'hotspot=all&at=31.95,35.93';
   const ids = (answer) => answer.body.reports.map((r) => r.id);
   assert.deepEqual(ids(await ask('/feed', local)), [
     'lum-102',
@@ -877,14 +877,14 @@ test("World News API's reads are a daily budget: spent, Local says key_quota and
     env: { WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY: 'wna-key', WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS: '2' },
   });
   const at = (point) => ask('/feed', `hotspot=all&at=${point}`);
-  assert.equal((await at('51.13,71.43')).status, 200);
+  assert.equal((await at('31.95,35.93')).status, 200);
   assert.equal((await at('48.85,2.35')).status, 200);
   // Germany would be the third read today.
   assert.deepEqual(await at('52.52,13.4'), KEY_QUOTA);
   assert.equal(count(calls, 'api.worldnewsapi.com'), 2);
-  // Kazakhstan, read earlier, is served from what was read.
+  // Jordan, read earlier, is served from what was read.
   clock.now += 31 * MINUTE;
-  const kept = await at('51.13,71.43');
+  const kept = await at('31.95,35.93');
   assert.equal(kept.status, 200);
   assert.equal(kept.body.reports.length, 2);
   assert.equal(count(calls, 'api.worldnewsapi.com'), 2);
@@ -901,13 +901,13 @@ test("World News API's reads are a daily budget: spent, Local says key_quota and
 
 test('World News API answering 402 is key_quota, and nothing more is asked today; a 429 is no quota', async () => {
   const paid = keyed({ answers: { worldnews: 402 } });
-  assert.deepEqual(await paid.ask('/feed', 'at=51.13,71.43'), KEY_QUOTA);
+  assert.deepEqual(await paid.ask('/feed', 'at=31.95,35.93'), KEY_QUOTA);
   paid.clock.now += 2 * MINUTE;
   assert.deepEqual(await paid.ask('/feed', 'at=48.85,2.35'), KEY_QUOTA);
   assert.equal(count(paid.calls, 'api.worldnewsapi.com'), 1);
   // A 429 is its per-second limit: an ordinary failure, tried again soon.
   const busy = keyed({ answers: { worldnews: 429 } });
-  assert.deepEqual(await busy.ask('/feed', 'at=51.13,71.43'), UPSTREAM_ERROR);
+  assert.deepEqual(await busy.ask('/feed', 'at=31.95,35.93'), UPSTREAM_ERROR);
   await paid.settle();
   await busy.settle();
 });
@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ test('a town a disputed area is named after is named as the town alone', () => {
 test('World News API is credited on each of its reports', async () => {
   const { ask, settle } = keyed();
   const { reports } = normalizeFeedPayload(
-    (await ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&at=51.13,71.43')).body,
+    (await ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&at=31.95,35.93')).body,
   );
   const national = reports.filter((r) => r.kind === 'worldnewsapi');
   assert.ok(national.length > 0);
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ test('a failing file gets one strike a round, not three within seconds', async (
 test("a country's own news keeps World News API's category and no severity, whatever its words", async () => {
   const { worldNewsReport } = await import('./keyed.js');
   const { countryByCode } = await import('./areas.js');
-  const country = countryByCode('KZ');
+  const country = countryByCode('JO');
   const read = (title, category) =>
     worldNewsReport(
       {
@@ -1070,7 +1070,7 @@ test("a country's own news keeps World News API's category and no severity, what
       country,
     );
   const rankings = read(
-    'Kazakhstan Advances in Global Digital Rankings as AI Infrastructure Expands',
+    'Jordan Advances in Global Digital Rankings as AI Infrastructure Expands',
     'technology',
   );
   assert.equal(rankings.category, 'other');
@@ -1079,6 +1079,6 @@ test("a country's own news keeps World News API's category and no severity, what
     read('Startup advances to the next funding round', 'business').category,
     'economy',
   );
-  assert.equal(read('King visits Astana', 'politics').category, 'political');
+  assert.equal(read('King visits Amman', 'politics').category, 'political');
   assert.equal(read('Parliament session opens', null).category, 'other');
 });

From c6ae4c44d7e6f67c15227713cc8e9fe001bf3c8c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 11:41:37 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 060/181] fix(news): answer within the browser's wait on a
 first read

A country's first World News API read, or Liveuamap's, could take up to
20 s while the browser waits 15, so the panel showed the browser's own
"signal timed out". A read with nothing to serve yet is now waited for
at most 12 s, as GDELT's already was: past that the section answers
unavailable while the read goes on, and the next refresh is served from
it. A client timeout reads "News feed unavailable".
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                |  2 +-
 docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md                 |  3 ++
 server/providers/news/keyed.js       | 42 +++++++++++++++++-----------
 server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs | 32 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/news/source.js            | 26 ++++++++++++-----
 src/layers/news/source.test.mjs      |  7 ++++-
 6 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 67c312e83..a700f849b 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5853,7 +5853,7 @@ request viewbox and continues searching without that geographic preference.
 - **Panel.** The right-rail NEWS panel (`src/ui/newsPanel.js`, `src/ui/news/`) has a time window at the top (the server's 24 h, or 12, 6, 3 or 1 h; the hotspot counts are read for the chosen window) and two sections. **Conflicts**: hotspot chips with counts, a severity floor (significant and above by default), a category filter, the chosen event, and a continuous feed, newest first. **Local**, while the camera is below 3,000 km: every report in the area at the view centre, newest first, named at the top ("News from …") and outlined on the globe, which then shows those reports instead of the hotspots' news; at sea, reports within 500 km. A disputed area of the bundled list (11, see `src/data/local_data/natural_earth/README.md`), or a territory Natural Earth gives no country code (Somaliland, Northern Cyprus and others), is named as itself and read from no country's outlets; elsewhere Natural Earth's default country lines apply. Each card shows the publisher's picture when the event has one (hotlinked, no referrer, publisher credited), the headline (a model's English headline marked as such), a mono meta line (severity marker, category, place, sources, age), who reported it, attestation and media chips, and the service it came through ("via GDELT Project"). Open, a card plays the post's clip on request. A click flies the camera straight down from 150 km and selects the report.
 - **Notices.** A section whose key the server lacks says "{provider} key required" and names the variable; a refused key says "{provider} refused its key"; a spent daily allowance says "{provider} limit reached for today". The other section keeps working.
 - **Source.** `sources.news` (`createNewsSource`, export `./layers/news/source`) reads same-origin `/api/news/*` with a 15 s timeout, a 4 MiB cap and record-by-record validation; `newsQueryAllowed` lets a host admit exactly the client's requests. Core's local server (`server/providers/news.js`) forwards only those GET requests to `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` when it is set.
-- **Built-in backend.** With `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` unset, Core answers the same routes itself (`server/providers/news/keyed.js`). **Conflicts** needs no key: the last 24 h of GDELT 2.0 event exports (15-minute files on `data.gdeltproject.org`, about 100 KB each), physical violence only (CAMEO roots 18–20), one report per story with copies of one agency story merged, placed at GDELT's location for it (a town the article's words name beats a bare country). Titles are the article's page title from GDELT's GKG export of the same quarter hour (about 6 MB each) for the newest 3 h, else the words of the article's address; GDELT's actor coding is never shown. With `LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY`, Liveuamap's mapped items stand beside GDELT's. **Local** reads World News API (`WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`) by the source country at the view centre, once per country every 30 minutes (about 1.5 points a read, at most `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads a day, default 30), plus the Conflicts reports placed inside the area. A country's own stories keep World News API's category (politics, business, else other) and no severity: the rules read fighting and crises, and everyday headlines mislead them. Areas come from the bundled Natural Earth countries and disputed areas (`server/providers/news/areas.js`). Conflicts' categories, relevance and severity are bundled rules (`categorize.js`); a news server may replace them.
+- **Built-in backend.** With `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` unset, Core answers the same routes itself (`server/providers/news/keyed.js`). **Conflicts** needs no key: the last 24 h of GDELT 2.0 event exports (15-minute files on `data.gdeltproject.org`, about 100 KB each), physical violence only (CAMEO roots 18–20), one report per story with copies of one agency story merged, placed at GDELT's location for it (a town the article's words name beats a bare country). Titles are the article's page title from GDELT's GKG export of the same quarter hour (about 6 MB each) for the newest 3 h, else the words of the article's address; GDELT's actor coding is never shown. With `LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY`, Liveuamap's mapped items stand beside GDELT's. **Local** reads World News API (`WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`) by the source country at the view centre, once per country every 30 minutes (about 1.5 points a read, at most `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads a day, default 30), plus the Conflicts reports placed inside the area. A country's own stories keep World News API's category (politics, business, else other) and no severity: the rules read fighting and crises, and everyday headlines mislead them. Areas come from the bundled Natural Earth countries and disputed areas (`server/providers/news/areas.js`). Conflicts' categories, relevance and severity are bundled rules (`categorize.js`); a news server may replace them. A read with nothing to serve yet (the first of GDELT's day, of Liveuamap or of a country) is waited for at most 12 s, under the client's 15 s timeout: past that the section answers unavailable (502) while the read goes on, and the next refresh is served from it.
 - **State.** Share/restore token `9`, enabled-only. Voice is off for this layer (`VOICE_OFF_LAYERS`).
 
 ### S2 GhostMaps (October 2026)
diff --git a/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md b/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
index 6775a013f..a95ec5220 100644
--- a/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
+++ b/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
@@ -145,6 +145,9 @@ Status: Open (limits)
 - A country's own stories in Local keep World News API's category (politics as
   political, business as economy, else other) and carry no severity; fighting
   there shows through the Conflicts reports placed in the area.
+- When World News API takes over 12 s to answer a country's first read, Local
+  reads unavailable until the layer's next refresh (up to 2 minutes), which is
+  served from that read.
 - Local needs a World News API key. Its free plan allows 50 points a day; Core
   stops at `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads (default 30) and Local then says the
   daily limit is reached.
diff --git a/server/providers/news/keyed.js b/server/providers/news/keyed.js
index aa20913ea..797af7ce0 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/keyed.js
+++ b/server/providers/news/keyed.js
@@ -59,14 +59,13 @@ const DAY_MS = 24 * HOUR_MS;
 // published; one that fails GDELT_EXPORT_TRIES times (a try a round), or
 // cannot be read at all, is given up on, so one bad file never holds the
 // rest back. Only while GDELT itself answers is a file given up on. The first
-// answer waits at most GDELT_FIRST_MS for the first exports.
+// answer waits at most FIRST_ANSWER_MS for the first exports.
 const GDELT_FRESH_MS = 5 * 60_000;
 const GDELT_EXPORTS_PER_READ = 12;
 const GDELT_PARALLEL = 4;
 const GDELT_NEXT_MS = 2_000;
 const GDELT_GONE_MS = 90 * 60_000;
 const GDELT_EXPORT_TRIES = 3;
-const GDELT_FIRST_MS = 12_000;
 const MAX_GDELT_REPORTS = 5000;
 // Events kept of one story, to place it by.
 const MAX_STORY_EVENTS = 200;
@@ -80,6 +79,9 @@ const COUNTRY_FRESH_MS = 30 * 60_000;
 // A failed read is not tried again for a minute; what was read before is
 // served meanwhile, up to these ages (GDELT's: since an export last came in).
 const RETRY_MS = 60_000;
+// A read with nothing to serve yet is waited for at most this long, under the
+// browser's own 15 s: it goes on, and the next ask is served from it.
+const FIRST_ANSWER_MS = 12_000;
 const GDELT_STALE_MS = 2 * HOUR_MS;
 const LIVE_STALE_MS = HOUR_MS;
 const COUNTRY_STALE_MS = 6 * HOUR_MS;
@@ -276,6 +278,7 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
   now = () => Date.now(),
   log = (message) => console.warn(message),
   later = (run, ms) => setTimeout(run, ms).unref(),
+  firstAnswerMs = FIRST_ANSWER_MS,
 } = {}) {
   const keyOf = (id) => String(env()[NEWS_KEYS[id]] ?? '').trim();
   const inFlight = new Map();
@@ -373,7 +376,7 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
           .finally(() => inFlight.delete(flight)),
       );
     if (prior.value && at - prior.readAt < staleMs) return prior;
-    return inFlight.get(flight);
+    return firstAnswer(inFlight.get(flight), { ...prior, error: null });
   }
 
   /** An entry stored as the most recently used (the countries are capped). */
@@ -384,6 +387,22 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
   }
 
   /** An entry's reports while they may be served, else why there are none. */
+  /** `read`, waited for at most firstAnswerMs; then `fallback`, as it goes on. */
+  async function firstAnswer(read, fallback) {
+    let timer;
+    try {
+      return await Promise.race([
+        read,
+        new Promise((resolve) => {
+          timer = setTimeout(() => resolve(fallback), firstAnswerMs);
+          timer.unref?.();
+        }),
+      ]);
+    } finally {
+      clearTimeout(timer);
+    }
+  }
+
   function served(entry, staleMs, id) {
     if (entry.value && now() - entry.readAt < staleMs)
       return { reports: entry.value, readAt: entry.readAt };
@@ -602,19 +621,10 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
     // newest exports' events, not their titles.
     const current = () =>
       gdelt.readAt !== null && now() - gdelt.readAt < GDELT_STALE_MS;
-    if (!current() && inFlight.has('gdelt')) {
-      // At most GDELT_FIRST_MS: a slow GDELT must not outlast the browser's
-      // own timeout; what has come in by then is served.
-      let timer;
-      await Promise.race([
-        inFlight.get('gdelt'),
-        new Promise((resolve) => {
-          timer = setTimeout(resolve, GDELT_FIRST_MS);
-          timer.unref?.();
-        }),
-      ]);
-      clearTimeout(timer);
-    }
+    // A slow GDELT must not outlast the browser's own timeout: what has come
+    // in by then is served.
+    if (!current() && inFlight.has('gdelt'))
+      await firstAnswer(inFlight.get('gdelt'));
     if (!current()) return { failed: true };
     const dayAgo = new Date(now() - DAY_MS).toISOString();
     const reports = [...gdelt.reports.values()]
diff --git a/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs b/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
index d9a21bc54..e4df8959c 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
+++ b/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
@@ -1082,3 +1082,35 @@ test("a country's own news keeps World News API's category and no severity, what
   assert.equal(read('King visits Amman', 'politics').category, 'political');
   assert.equal(read('Parliament session opens', null).category, 'other');
 });
+
+test('a first read slower than the browser waits answers unavailable, and the next ask is served from it', async () => {
+  const fake = upstream();
+  let release;
+  const held = new Promise((resolve) => {
+    release = resolve;
+  });
+  const news = createKeyedNews({
+    env: () => ({ WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY: 'wna-key' }),
+    fetchImpl: async (url, init) => {
+      if (new URL(url).host === 'api.worldnewsapi.com') await held;
+      return fake.fetchImpl(url, init);
+    },
+    now: () => NOW,
+    log: () => {},
+    later: () => {},
+    firstAnswerMs: 20,
+  });
+  const local = () =>
+    news.answer('/feed', new URLSearchParams('hotspot=all&at=31.95,35.93'));
+  assert.deepEqual(await local(), UPSTREAM_ERROR);
+  // The read went on, and is not asked again.
+  release();
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 5));
+  const served = await local();
+  assert.equal(served.status, 200);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    served.body.reports.map((r) => r.id),
+    ['wna-9001', 'wna-9002'],
+  );
+  assert.equal(count(fake.calls, 'api.worldnewsapi.com'), 1);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/news/source.js b/src/layers/news/source.js
index 26c9f3492..d180a088e 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/source.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/source.js
@@ -161,13 +161,25 @@ export function createNewsSource({
     signal?.throwIfAborted();
     const timeout = AbortSignal.timeout(timeoutMs);
     const request = signal ? AbortSignal.any([signal, timeout]) : timeout;
-    const response = await fetchImpl(`${BASE_PATH}${path}`, {
-      signal: request,
-      cache: 'no-store',
-      redirect: 'error',
-    });
-    if (!response.ok) throw await responseError(response);
-    return readResponseJsonCapped(response, MAX_BYTES, request);
+    try {
+      const response = await fetchImpl(`${BASE_PATH}${path}`, {
+        signal: request,
+        cache: 'no-store',
+        redirect: 'error',
+      });
+      if (!response.ok) throw await responseError(response);
+      return await readResponseJsonCapped(response, MAX_BYTES, request);
+    } catch (cause) {
+      // Out of time the feed reads unavailable, not the browser's own words
+      // ("signal timed out"); the caller's own abort stays an abort.
+      if (timeout.aborted && !signal?.aborted)
+        throw Object.assign(new Error(msg('News feed unavailable')), {
+          code: 'timeout',
+          unavailable: false,
+          retryable: true,
+        });
+      throw cause;
+    }
   }
   return {
     // `hours` asks for counts over a shorter window than the server's own.
diff --git a/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
index 774d7eb3a..ca4c06819 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
@@ -176,7 +176,12 @@ test('reads time out and follow the caller signal', async () => {
       );
     });
   const slow = createNewsSource({ fetchImpl: hang, timeoutMs: 20 });
-  await assert.rejects(slow.getHotspots(), { name: 'TimeoutError' });
+  // Out of time it reads unavailable, in the app's words, and is retried.
+  await assert.rejects(slow.getHotspots(), {
+    message: 'News feed unavailable',
+    code: 'timeout',
+    retryable: true,
+  });
   const caller = new AbortController();
   const pending = createNewsSource({ fetchImpl: hang }).getFeed(
     {},

From 1015b1666463f98bdcb512b8e0565e5f9d96e53a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 14:45:37 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 061/181] Prune queued-card rows whose pooled item paints
 another entry

A pooled paint item reused by another card keeps a fresh frame stamp, so
rows for cards that stopped painting survived every prune and the index
grew for the whole session. The prune now also drops a row whose item
paints a different entry id or source, and a test pins the bound.
---
 src/overlays/worldOverlay.js       | 10 ++++++-
 src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js
index aabcc7be0..df3055de6 100644
--- a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js
+++ b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js
@@ -2298,7 +2298,15 @@ function addPaintItem(record, placement, temporalAlpha, selected) {
 function pruneQueuedItemIndex() {
   for (const [sourceId, bySource] of _queuedItemBySource) {
     for (const [entryId, item] of bySource) {
-      if (item.stamp !== _frameStamp) bySource.delete(entryId);
+      // A pooled item that now paints another entry keeps a fresh stamp.
+      const entry = item.record.entry;
+      if (
+        item.stamp !== _frameStamp ||
+        entry.id !== entryId ||
+        entry.source !== sourceId
+      ) {
+        bySource.delete(entryId);
+      }
     }
     if (bySource.size === 0) _queuedItemBySource.delete(sourceId);
   }
diff --git a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs
index 6e713a5da..39bc74c44 100644
--- a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs
+++ b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs
@@ -2353,3 +2353,50 @@ test('promoting an ambient entry to selected paints it once with no fading dupli
     assert.equal(paint(), 1, 'deselect restores the ambient card without re-entry cooldown');
   } finally { env.cleanup(); }
 });
+
+test('the queued-card index stays bounded while card identities churn', () => {
+  // The index is internal: capture the per-source map the same way the
+  // projection-record test captures its map, through Map.prototype.set.
+  const originalSet = Map.prototype.set;
+  let queuedIndex = null;
+  Map.prototype.set = function captureQueuedIndex(key, value) {
+    if (typeof key === 'string' && key.startsWith('churn-card-')
+      && value && typeof value === 'object' && 'temporalAlpha' in value
+      && 'placement' in value && 'stamp' in value) {
+      queuedIndex = this;
+    }
+    return originalSet.call(this, key, value);
+  };
+  const env = installMockEnvironment({ width: 400, height: 300, dpr: 1 });
+  try {
+    initWorldOverlay(env.viewer);
+    const FRAMES = 1300;
+    for (let frame = 0; frame < FRAMES; frame++) {
+      // One painted card whose identity changes every frame: the same pooled
+      // paint item serves every id (a vessel cohort republished as the camera
+      // moves, a CCTV or radio card swapping).
+      setOverlayEntries('cards', [selectedEntry(`churn-card-${frame}`, {
+        position: positionAtScreen(200, 150),
+      })]);
+      env.advanceTime(16);
+      env.postRender.raise();
+      assert.equal(getQueuedOverlayEntryAlpha('cards', `churn-card-${frame}`), 1,
+        'the live card is queued in the frame just painted');
+      if (frame > 0) {
+        assert.equal(getQueuedOverlayEntryAlpha('cards', `churn-card-${frame - 1}`), 0,
+          'a stale row never reports the previous card as queued');
+      }
+    }
+    assert.ok(queuedIndex, 'the queued-card index was never populated');
+    // Rows are pruned every 600 painted frames, so with one new id per frame
+    // the index holds at most one prune window of ids plus the live card.
+    const bound = 600 + 1;
+    assert.ok(
+      queuedIndex.size <= bound,
+      `queued-card index holds ${queuedIndex.size} rows after ${FRAMES} identities (bound ${bound})`,
+    );
+  } finally {
+    Map.prototype.set = originalSet;
+    env.cleanup();
+  }
+});

From 61424e42567c0ac0efb3567aa88ab8c2c931c2e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 11:59:17 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 062/181] fix(news): keep a refused key refused during a slow
 read, and read Local when Conflicts fails

A slow re-read of a refused key read as unavailable until it landed; it
now stays refused. The first-read wait is 10 s, for a margin under the
browser's 15 s. A failed Conflicts read no longer stops Local's refresh,
which the server reads on its own. Tests cover GDELT's wait, the refused
key and a caller abort past the timeout, and fail rather than hang; the
docs say what a section serves meanwhile.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                |   2 +-
 docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md                 |   8 +-
 server/providers/news/keyed.js       |  17 ++--
 server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs | 134 ++++++++++++++++++++-------
 src/layers/news/index.js             |   2 +
 src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs       |  41 ++++++++
 src/layers/news/source.test.mjs      |  14 ++-
 7 files changed, 176 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index a700f849b..23a40c9e9 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5853,7 +5853,7 @@ request viewbox and continues searching without that geographic preference.
 - **Panel.** The right-rail NEWS panel (`src/ui/newsPanel.js`, `src/ui/news/`) has a time window at the top (the server's 24 h, or 12, 6, 3 or 1 h; the hotspot counts are read for the chosen window) and two sections. **Conflicts**: hotspot chips with counts, a severity floor (significant and above by default), a category filter, the chosen event, and a continuous feed, newest first. **Local**, while the camera is below 3,000 km: every report in the area at the view centre, newest first, named at the top ("News from …") and outlined on the globe, which then shows those reports instead of the hotspots' news; at sea, reports within 500 km. A disputed area of the bundled list (11, see `src/data/local_data/natural_earth/README.md`), or a territory Natural Earth gives no country code (Somaliland, Northern Cyprus and others), is named as itself and read from no country's outlets; elsewhere Natural Earth's default country lines apply. Each card shows the publisher's picture when the event has one (hotlinked, no referrer, publisher credited), the headline (a model's English headline marked as such), a mono meta line (severity marker, category, place, sources, age), who reported it, attestation and media chips, and the service it came through ("via GDELT Project"). Open, a card plays the post's clip on request. A click flies the camera straight down from 150 km and selects the report.
 - **Notices.** A section whose key the server lacks says "{provider} key required" and names the variable; a refused key says "{provider} refused its key"; a spent daily allowance says "{provider} limit reached for today". The other section keeps working.
 - **Source.** `sources.news` (`createNewsSource`, export `./layers/news/source`) reads same-origin `/api/news/*` with a 15 s timeout, a 4 MiB cap and record-by-record validation; `newsQueryAllowed` lets a host admit exactly the client's requests. Core's local server (`server/providers/news.js`) forwards only those GET requests to `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` when it is set.
-- **Built-in backend.** With `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` unset, Core answers the same routes itself (`server/providers/news/keyed.js`). **Conflicts** needs no key: the last 24 h of GDELT 2.0 event exports (15-minute files on `data.gdeltproject.org`, about 100 KB each), physical violence only (CAMEO roots 18–20), one report per story with copies of one agency story merged, placed at GDELT's location for it (a town the article's words name beats a bare country). Titles are the article's page title from GDELT's GKG export of the same quarter hour (about 6 MB each) for the newest 3 h, else the words of the article's address; GDELT's actor coding is never shown. With `LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY`, Liveuamap's mapped items stand beside GDELT's. **Local** reads World News API (`WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`) by the source country at the view centre, once per country every 30 minutes (about 1.5 points a read, at most `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads a day, default 30), plus the Conflicts reports placed inside the area. A country's own stories keep World News API's category (politics, business, else other) and no severity: the rules read fighting and crises, and everyday headlines mislead them. Areas come from the bundled Natural Earth countries and disputed areas (`server/providers/news/areas.js`). Conflicts' categories, relevance and severity are bundled rules (`categorize.js`); a news server may replace them. A read with nothing to serve yet (the first of GDELT's day, of Liveuamap or of a country) is waited for at most 12 s, under the client's 15 s timeout: past that the section answers unavailable (502) while the read goes on, and the next refresh is served from it.
+- **Built-in backend.** With `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` unset, Core answers the same routes itself (`server/providers/news/keyed.js`). **Conflicts** needs no key: the last 24 h of GDELT 2.0 event exports (15-minute files on `data.gdeltproject.org`, about 100 KB each), physical violence only (CAMEO roots 18–20), one report per story with copies of one agency story merged, placed at GDELT's location for it (a town the article's words name beats a bare country). Titles are the article's page title from GDELT's GKG export of the same quarter hour (about 6 MB each) for the newest 3 h, else the words of the article's address; GDELT's actor coding is never shown. With `LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY`, Liveuamap's mapped items stand beside GDELT's. **Local** reads World News API (`WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`) by the source country at the view centre, once per country every 30 minutes (about 1.5 points a read, at most `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads a day, default 30), plus the Conflicts reports placed inside the area. A country's own stories keep World News API's category (politics, business, else other) and no severity: the rules read fighting and crises, and everyday headlines mislead them. Areas come from the bundled Natural Earth countries and disputed areas (`server/providers/news/areas.js`). Conflicts' categories, relevance and severity are bundled rules (`categorize.js`); a news server may replace them. A read with nothing current to serve (GDELT's, Liveuamap's or a country's) is waited for at most 10 s, under the client's 15 s timeout, and goes on past that for the next refresh. Meanwhile GDELT serves the exports read so far and Conflicts serves GDELT without Liveuamap; Local in a country answers unavailable (502) until its outlets' read lands, and serves them without the Conflicts reports while those are missing. A section left with nothing answers unavailable, and a refused key stays refused.
 - **State.** Share/restore token `9`, enabled-only. Voice is off for this layer (`VOICE_OFF_LAYERS`).
 
 ### S2 GhostMaps (October 2026)
diff --git a/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md b/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
index a95ec5220..328d9bac8 100644
--- a/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
+++ b/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
@@ -145,9 +145,11 @@ Status: Open (limits)
 - A country's own stories in Local keep World News API's category (politics as
   political, business as economy, else other) and carry no severity; fighting
   there shows through the Conflicts reports placed in the area.
-- When World News API takes over 12 s to answer a country's first read, Local
-  reads unavailable until the layer's next refresh (up to 2 minutes), which is
-  served from that read.
+- When World News API takes 10 to 20 s to answer a country's first read, Local
+  reads unavailable until it is asked again (the next refresh, every 2 minutes
+  while the tab is shown, or the camera settling in another half-degree cell,
+  or a section switch), which is served from that read. A read over 20 s fails
+  and is tried again with the first ask a minute or more later.
 - Local needs a World News API key. Its free plan allows 50 points a day; Core
   stops at `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads (default 30) and Local then says the
   daily limit is reached.
diff --git a/server/providers/news/keyed.js b/server/providers/news/keyed.js
index 797af7ce0..cbf748225 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/keyed.js
+++ b/server/providers/news/keyed.js
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ const COUNTRY_FRESH_MS = 30 * 60_000;
 // A failed read is not tried again for a minute; what was read before is
 // served meanwhile, up to these ages (GDELT's: since an export last came in).
 const RETRY_MS = 60_000;
-// A read with nothing to serve yet is waited for at most this long, under the
-// browser's own 15 s: it goes on, and the next ask is served from it.
-const FIRST_ANSWER_MS = 12_000;
+// A read with nothing to serve yet is waited for at most this long, well under
+// the browser's own 15 s: it goes on, and the next ask is served from it.
+const FIRST_ANSWER_MS = 10_000;
 const GDELT_STALE_MS = 2 * HOUR_MS;
 const LIVE_STALE_MS = HOUR_MS;
 const COUNTRY_STALE_MS = 6 * HOUR_MS;
@@ -270,7 +270,8 @@ const spentKey = (key) => ({ status: 503, body: { error: 'key_quota', key } });
  * for `/hotspots`, `/feed` and `/outline`, whose queries the proxy has
  * already checked against the client's allowlist. `later(run, ms)` runs
  * the next GDELT read of a day still filling in (an unref'd timer).
- * @param {{env?: () => object, fetchImpl?: typeof fetch, now?: () => number, log?: (message: string) => void, later?: (run: () => void, ms: number) => void}} [options]
+ * `firstAnswerMs` bounds the wait for a read with nothing to serve yet.
+ * @param {{env?: () => object, fetchImpl?: typeof fetch, now?: () => number, log?: (message: string) => void, later?: (run: () => void, ms: number) => void, firstAnswerMs?: number}} [options]
  */
 export function createKeyedNews({
   env = () => process.env,
@@ -376,7 +377,11 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
           .finally(() => inFlight.delete(flight)),
       );
     if (prior.value && at - prior.readAt < staleMs) return prior;
-    return firstAnswer(inFlight.get(flight), { ...prior, error: null });
+    // Meanwhile a refused key stays refused; an older failure is not this one.
+    return firstAnswer(inFlight.get(flight), {
+      ...prior,
+      error: prior.error?.rejected ? prior.error : null,
+    });
   }
 
   /** An entry stored as the most recently used (the countries are capped). */
@@ -386,7 +391,6 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
     while (store.size > MAX_COUNTRIES) store.delete(store.keys().next().value);
   }
 
-  /** An entry's reports while they may be served, else why there are none. */
   /** `read`, waited for at most firstAnswerMs; then `fallback`, as it goes on. */
   async function firstAnswer(read, fallback) {
     let timer;
@@ -403,6 +407,7 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
     }
   }
 
+  /** An entry's reports while they may be served, else why there are none. */
   function served(entry, staleMs, id) {
     if (entry.value && now() - entry.readAt < staleMs)
       return { reports: entry.value, readAt: entry.readAt };
diff --git a/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs b/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
index e4df8959c..45eea626d 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
+++ b/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
@@ -1083,34 +1083,106 @@ test("a country's own news keeps World News API's category and no severity, what
   assert.equal(read('Parliament session opens', null).category, 'other');
 });
 
-test('a first read slower than the browser waits answers unavailable, and the next ask is served from it', async () => {
-  const fake = upstream();
-  let release;
-  const held = new Promise((resolve) => {
-    release = resolve;
-  });
-  const news = createKeyedNews({
-    env: () => ({ WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY: 'wna-key' }),
-    fetchImpl: async (url, init) => {
-      if (new URL(url).host === 'api.worldnewsapi.com') await held;
-      return fake.fetchImpl(url, init);
-    },
-    now: () => NOW,
-    log: () => {},
-    later: () => {},
-    firstAnswerMs: 20,
-  });
-  const local = () =>
-    news.answer('/feed', new URLSearchParams('hotspot=all&at=31.95,35.93'));
-  assert.deepEqual(await local(), UPSTREAM_ERROR);
-  // The read went on, and is not asked again.
-  release();
-  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 5));
-  const served = await local();
-  assert.equal(served.status, 200);
-  assert.deepEqual(
-    served.body.reports.map((r) => r.id),
-    ['wna-9001', 'wna-9002'],
-  );
-  assert.equal(count(fake.calls, 'api.worldnewsapi.com'), 1);
-});
+test(
+  'a first read slower than the browser waits answers unavailable, and the next ask is served from it',
+  { timeout: 5_000 },
+  async () => {
+    const fake = upstream();
+    let release;
+    const held = new Promise((resolve) => {
+      release = resolve;
+    });
+    const news = createKeyedNews({
+      env: () => ({ WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY: 'wna-key' }),
+      fetchImpl: async (url, init) => {
+        if (new URL(url).host === 'api.worldnewsapi.com') await held;
+        return fake.fetchImpl(url, init);
+      },
+      now: () => NOW,
+      log: () => {},
+      later: () => {},
+      firstAnswerMs: 20,
+    });
+    const local = () =>
+      news.answer('/feed', new URLSearchParams('hotspot=all&at=31.95,35.93'));
+    assert.deepEqual(await local(), UPSTREAM_ERROR);
+    // The read went on, and is not asked again.
+    release();
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 5));
+    const served = await local();
+    assert.equal(served.status, 200);
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      served.body.reports.map((r) => r.id),
+      ['wna-9001', 'wna-9002'],
+    );
+    assert.equal(count(fake.calls, 'api.worldnewsapi.com'), 1);
+  },
+);
+
+test(
+  'a first GDELT read slower than the browser waits answers unavailable, and the next is served from it',
+  { timeout: 5_000 },
+  async () => {
+    const fake = upstream();
+    let release;
+    const held = new Promise((resolve) => {
+      release = resolve;
+    });
+    const news = createKeyedNews({
+      env: () => ({}),
+      fetchImpl: async (url, init) => {
+        if (new URL(url).host === 'data.gdeltproject.org') await held;
+        return fake.fetchImpl(url, init);
+      },
+      now: () => NOW,
+      log: () => {},
+      later: () => {},
+      firstAnswerMs: 20,
+    });
+    const hotspots = () => news.answer('/hotspots', new URLSearchParams());
+    assert.deepEqual(await hotspots(), UPSTREAM_ERROR);
+    release();
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 20));
+    assert.equal((await hotspots()).status, 200);
+  },
+);
+
+test(
+  'a refused key stays refused while its next read is slow',
+  { timeout: 5_000 },
+  async () => {
+    let release;
+    const held = new Promise((resolve) => {
+      release = resolve;
+    });
+    let reads = 0;
+    const clock = { now: NOW };
+    const fake = upstream({
+      worldnews: async () => {
+        reads++;
+        if (reads > 1) await held;
+        return new Response('{"message":"bad key"}', { status: 401 });
+      },
+    });
+    const news = createKeyedNews({
+      env: () => ({ WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY: 'wna-key' }),
+      fetchImpl: fake.fetchImpl,
+      now: () => clock.now,
+      log: () => {},
+      later: () => {},
+      firstAnswerMs: 20,
+    });
+    const local = () =>
+      news.answer('/feed', new URLSearchParams('hotspot=all&at=31.95,35.93'));
+    const refused = {
+      status: 503,
+      body: { error: 'key_rejected', key: 'worldnewsapi' },
+    };
+    assert.deepEqual(await local(), refused);
+    // Past the retry wait it is read again, slowly: still refused meanwhile.
+    clock.now += 61_000;
+    assert.deepEqual(await local(), refused);
+    assert.equal(reads, 2);
+    release();
+  },
+);
diff --git a/src/layers/news/index.js b/src/layers/news/index.js
index fcd5434fe..1696dfd41 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/index.js
@@ -1428,6 +1428,8 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         }
         unavailable = cause?.unavailable === true;
         error = cause?.message || FEED_UNAVAILABLE;
+        // Local is read apart: Conflicts failing leaves it reading.
+        void refreshInView({ force: inView.active });
         return true;
       } finally {
         signal?.removeEventListener('abort', abort);
diff --git a/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
index 97314a6c4..6a7a4b351 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
@@ -799,6 +799,47 @@ test('without Liveuamap reports or a Local area, nothing is credited', async (t)
   assert.deepEqual(credits, []);
 });
 
+test('a failed Conflicts read leaves Local reading with each refresh', async (t) => {
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
+  const failure = () => new Error('News feed unavailable');
+  let local = failure();
+  const { layer } = fixture(t, {
+    height: 1_000_000,
+    source: {
+      getHotspots: async () => {
+        throw failure();
+      },
+      getFeed: async (query) => {
+        if (!query.at) throw failure();
+        if (local) throw local;
+        return {
+          reports: [report('inside', { relevance: 'minor' })],
+          nextBefore: null,
+        };
+      },
+      getAreaOutline: async () => ukraine,
+    },
+  });
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { section: 'local' } });
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(
+    layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.error,
+    'News feed unavailable',
+  );
+  // The area's read lands meanwhile; Conflicts still fails.
+  local = null;
+  await layer.update();
+  await flush();
+  const view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    view.inView.items.map((item) => item.id),
+    ['inside'],
+  );
+  assert.equal(view.error, 'News feed unavailable');
+});
+
 test('a failed read keeps the layer on with an error; disable clears the overlay', async (t) => {
   const { layer, entries } = fixture(t, {
     source: { getFeed: async () => Promise.reject(new Error('boom')) },
diff --git a/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
index ca4c06819..25a3bacf2 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/source.test.mjs
@@ -176,12 +176,24 @@ test('reads time out and follow the caller signal', async () => {
       );
     });
   const slow = createNewsSource({ fetchImpl: hang, timeoutMs: 20 });
-  // Out of time it reads unavailable, in the app's words, and is retried.
+  // Out of time it reads unavailable, in the app's words, as retryable.
   await assert.rejects(slow.getHotspots(), {
     message: 'News feed unavailable',
     code: 'timeout',
     retryable: true,
   });
+  // The caller's abort stays its own, even once the time is up too.
+  const late = (_url, { signal }) =>
+    new Promise((_, reject) => {
+      setTimeout(() => reject(signal.reason), 40);
+    });
+  const leaving = new AbortController();
+  const gone = createNewsSource({ fetchImpl: late, timeoutMs: 20 }).getFeed(
+    {},
+    { signal: leaving.signal },
+  );
+  leaving.abort(new Error('gone'));
+  await assert.rejects(gone, /gone/);
   const caller = new AbortController();
   const pending = createNewsSource({ fetchImpl: hang }).getFeed(
     {},

From 876e9b2e2f2f3922d8271af2f1366ab2420b2c03 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denis Groshev <denis@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 12:59:10 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 063/181] test: count News beside Wildlife Sightings

The catalog holds 39 layers, News ends the Events group just before
Wildlife, and the README names twenty-three layers.
---
 src/app/constructCatalog.test.mjs  | 4 ++--
 src/app/sourceComposition.test.mjs | 2 +-
 src/tooling/transitQa.test.mjs     | 2 +-
 src/ui/layerPanel.test.mjs         | 3 ++-
 4 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/app/constructCatalog.test.mjs b/src/app/constructCatalog.test.mjs
index 1600f5499..cb372e70b 100644
--- a/src/app/constructCatalog.test.mjs
+++ b/src/app/constructCatalog.test.mjs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ test('catalogs construct distinct layers and classification from their supplied
     signal: b.signal,
     surface: fixtureSurface(b.signal),
   });
-  assert.equal(first.layers.length, 38);
+  assert.equal(first.layers.length, 39);
   assert.ok(first.get('local-adsb'), 'Local ADS-B is registered');
   assert.deepEqual(
     first.metadata.find(({ id }) => id === 'osm-places'),
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ test('Mapillary can be omitted or replaced without changing catalog membership',
     surface: fixtureSurface(lifetime.signal),
   };
   const catalog = createApplicationCatalog(options);
-  assert.equal(catalog.layers.length, 38);
+  assert.equal(catalog.layers.length, 39);
   assert.deepEqual(catalog.get('street-level').providerIds, []);
   assert.equal(
     catalogControlServices(catalog).streetLevelLayer,
diff --git a/src/app/sourceComposition.test.mjs b/src/app/sourceComposition.test.mjs
index 28f2d3984..93902e361 100644
--- a/src/app/sourceComposition.test.mjs
+++ b/src/app/sourceComposition.test.mjs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ test('every acquisition source can be omitted without losing catalog membership'
 
 test('all acquisition sources may be absent, and enable fails before initializing or fetching', async (t) => {
   const actual = catalog({}, t);
-  assert.equal(actual.layers.length, 38);
+  assert.equal(actual.layers.length, 39);
   const manager = new LayerLifecycle(
     {},
     { getSourceAvailability: actual.getSourceAvailability },
diff --git a/src/tooling/transitQa.test.mjs b/src/tooling/transitQa.test.mjs
index 0b4af4a16..202e21870 100644
--- a/src/tooling/transitQa.test.mjs
+++ b/src/tooling/transitQa.test.mjs
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ test('public transit documentation uses courtesy attribution and the approved gr
   );
   assert.ok(
     readme.includes(
-      'Twenty-two layers and map sources. **Twenty have a keyless path.**',
+      'Twenty-three layers and map sources. **Twenty-one have a keyless path.**',
     ),
   );
   assert.ok(
diff --git a/src/ui/layerPanel.test.mjs b/src/ui/layerPanel.test.mjs
index a87b3abd4..445fbeaee 100644
--- a/src/ui/layerPanel.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/layerPanel.test.mjs
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ test('Wildlife follows Events and precedes Weather', () => {
   );
   const wildlife = order.findIndex(({ id }) => id === 'wildlife-sightings');
   assert.equal(order[wildlife].label, 'Wildlife');
-  assert.equal(order[wildlife - 1].id, 's2-ghostmaps');
+  // News is the last of Events.
+  assert.equal(order[wildlife - 1].id, 'news');
   assert.equal(order[wildlife + 1].id, 'air-quality');
   assert.equal(order.filter(({ id }) => id === 'wildlife-sightings').length, 1);
 });

From 8b1a573ef38f931a32abf4be2dbb8880d354186b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said Turksever <asturksever@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 12:02:31 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 064/181] docs(transit): changelog fragment and 72-variant icon
 cache in CURRENT-STATE

---
 changelog.d/1574-transit-icon-heading.md | 5 +++++
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                    | 7 +++++--
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1574-transit-icon-heading.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1574-transit-icon-heading.md b/changelog.d/1574-transit-icon-heading.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9639e8aa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1574-transit-icon-heading.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+- Give transit vehicle icons a readable front: the bus, tram, metro and unknown
+  glyphs now carry a nose or cab in their outline, so the direction of travel
+  shows at fleet size and survives the sensor profiles. A vehicle with no known
+  course gets a symmetric outline instead of one that points north, and
+  switches to the pointed glyph once a course arrives (IMBrandao, #1574).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 8ad23493a..e1781b3d0 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -4872,8 +4872,11 @@ visual inspection.
 **Appearance.** Normal fleet frames are 20 px, growing to 30 px on selection;
 CRT, NVG, thermal and noir frames are 26/39 px. Source rasters are 48/96 px before padding.
 External halos are 1/1.5 px in normal, 1.25/1.25 px in CRT and 2/2 px in sensors, calculated from the
-final unpadded display size. Six modes, two sizes and three profiles cap the
-raster cache at 36 variants. Normal mode colours are bus `#5EF08A`, tram
+final unpadded display size. Each mode has an outline with a front (a nose, a
+bow or a chamfered cab) for a vehicle with a known course and a symmetric
+outline for one without, which would otherwise sit at rotation 0 and point
+north; a vehicle switches to the pointed glyph when a course arrives. Six modes, two sizes, three
+profiles and the two outlines cap the raster cache at 72 variants. Normal mode colours are bus `#5EF08A`, tram
 `#FFC24A`, subway `#FF4538`, rail `#D9A6FF`, ferry `#5FD6FF`, and unknown
 `#D8DDE5`. Selection keeps the mode colour. Sensors reuse each normal silhouette's exact
 outer path, filled opaque white without interior panel lines, with an opaque

From c9f40a837cd08d025d5c1d58d31d3dff5ef37561 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 20:20:11 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 065/181] Tighten callout fade comments and docs

---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md              |  2 +-
 src/data/detection.js              |  9 +++------
 src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs    |  6 ++----
 src/layers/vessels/queries.js      |  3 +--
 src/layers/vessels/records.js      |  3 +--
 src/overlays/worldOverlay.js       | 11 +++++------
 src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs | 14 ++++++--------
 7 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index c4d66de8a..6d9193078 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5483,7 +5483,7 @@ silently demoting every later lookup for the session.
   Mission world text has no native `LabelGraphics`: overview launch markers publish at most 48 ambient candidates for a 24-winner budget, while selecting a mission clears that overview source and publishes its launch-site callout, stage re-entry annotations, live/estimated payload-position readout, and orbit annotation as protected selected-lane entries. The source retains the exact former strings and colors. Static anchors reuse the Cartesian values used to build their mission geometry; the moving payload entry reads the layer's per-frame live-position cache; catalog-backed orbit annotation positions are cached in the same one-second matrix update that realigns the orbit primitive. Keyhole edge fade, horizon culling, final collision placement, and UI exclusion are owned by the shared host. Deselect restores the bounded overview, and refresh, disable, and destroy replace or clear both mission sources.
   A selected mission renders its orbit as four repeating tactical sectors, each containing one prominent cyan dot followed by one hundred thin translucent dashes. The bright dots act as orbit anchors while the subdued dash field remains depth-tested against the globe and is shown only for the selected mission.
   Close selected-pad views add one static 500 m-radius cyan launch-zone ring with a low-opacity translucent fill over the sampled photoreal launch-site surface. The single scene primitive is created only for the visible selected site and is otherwise dormant. It appears during Focus, sufficiently close manual zoom, and the replay countdown, but is suppressed above 120 km camera altitude, beyond 180 km direct camera-to-pad range, for unselected missions, and whenever Space Missions is inactive. Focus establishes a launch-site-centered camera transform once; subsequent manual heading and pitch changes remain centered on that site without an automated per-frame correction. Surface mission markers and labels use an additional conservative globe-limb margin before the exact ellipsoid occluder boundary, preventing near-horizon visibility from alternating between frames.
-- **AIS vessels**: chevron symbology (naval cyan base, type tints), world-space headings, MMSI-keyed reconciliation (selection survives refreshes; pinned 3 refreshes with STALE marker when absent), detection-overlay integration (`type: 'SEA'`; a vessel's detection callout fades out while its own ambient card paints in the same frame, judged by the card's painted opacity including the keyhole fade, so a card dropped by budget, collisions or UI chrome, or faded out at the keyhole rim, leaves the callout readable), contextStore registration for voice Q&A. Empty-space clicks, id-less photorealistic-tile picks, and Escape dismiss the vessel card/HUD/context and clear its trail; picks owned by another layer (including `gev-trail:*`) and raw vessel-record picks without a live MMSI key are no-ops for vessel selection. Click and key handlers detach while the layer is disabled and reinstall on enable. Selecting another vessel replaces the selection and trail, and reconciliation clears a trail if its owning vessel is evicted.
+- **AIS vessels**: chevron symbology (naval cyan base, type tints), world-space headings, MMSI-keyed reconciliation (selection survives refreshes; pinned 3 refreshes with STALE marker when absent), detection-overlay integration (`type: 'SEA'`; a vessel's callout fades by the painted opacity of its own ambient card, so a card dropped by budget, collisions or UI chrome, or faded at the keyhole rim, leaves the callout readable), contextStore registration for voice Q&A. Empty-space clicks, id-less photorealistic-tile picks, and Escape dismiss the vessel card/HUD/context and clear its trail; picks owned by another layer (including `gev-trail:*`) and raw vessel-record picks without a live MMSI key are no-ops for vessel selection. Click and key handlers detach while the layer is disabled and reinstall on enable. Selecting another vessel replaces the selection and trail, and reconciliation clears a trail if its owning vessel is evicted.
 - **Track trails**: server accumulates per-MMSI ring buffers (`/api/vessels/track?mmsi=`, Float32+Uint32, 64 samples, 30s/25m thinning); aircraft backfill proxies `/api/flights/track` (OAuth, own credit bucket). Military aircraft keep only their locally accumulated trails: `/api/military/track` validates the hex, then answers `503 history_unavailable` without an upstream request.
 - Shared `src/data/pickRegistry.js` stops the two flight layers' click handlers from fighting over the camera.
 
diff --git a/src/data/detection.js b/src/data/detection.js
index f4d1ddf3b..b4dc29522 100644
--- a/src/data/detection.js
+++ b/src/data/detection.js
@@ -110,10 +110,7 @@ const THEME_MAP = DETECTION_THEME_MAP;
 const SPARSE_ZONE_FRACTION = 0.5;
 /** Solve cadence for membership/collision; accepted identities still reproject every frame. */
 const LABEL_SOLVE_INTERVAL_MS = 125;
-/**
- * A contact's own card at this opacity or more hides its callout; below it the
- * callout fades in, so a card fading in or out never snaps the callout.
- */
+/** Own-card opacity that fully hides a callout; below it the callout fades in. */
 const CARD_ALPHA_HIDING_CALLOUT = 0.5;
 /** Alpha bands retain bracket batching while approximating a continuous radial fade. */
 const BRACKET_ALPHA_STEPS = 4;
@@ -1149,8 +1146,8 @@ function _paintCalloutLane(frame) {
   ctx.textBaseline = 'alphabetic';
   for (let i = 0; i < _calloutCount; i++) {
     const row = _calloutPool[i];
-    // Under the contact's own card (an ambient vessel card) the callout would
-    // show through the plate. Only a card painting this frame counts.
+    // The callout would show through its contact's own card: fade it by the
+    // opacity that card paints with this frame.
     const cardAlpha =
       row.cardEntryId === ''
         ? 0
diff --git a/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs b/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs
index 4c1c6dddc..f479869f9 100644
--- a/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs
@@ -589,10 +589,8 @@ test('every style paints its OWN plate token through the production callout path
 });
 
 test('a callout gives way to its contact\'s own card only while that card paints', () => {
-  // A vessel's ambient card already shows its name, speed and course, and the
-  // callout drawn beneath it shows through the card's plate. The host paints
-  // only part of the published cards (shared budget, collisions, UI chrome),
-  // so a contact whose card was published but not painted keeps its callout.
+  // The callout shows through its card's plate. The host paints only some
+  // published cards (budget, collisions, UI chrome); an unpainted one keeps it.
   const env = installEnvironment({ width: 900, height: 600, dpr: 1 });
   try {
     const ships = [
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/queries.js b/src/layers/vessels/queries.js
index f26ada86b..0be276913 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/queries.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/queries.js
@@ -505,8 +505,7 @@ export function createQueries({
           id: record.name || record.mmsi || 'VESSEL',
           type: 'SEA',
           skipLabel: record === selected,
-          // The vessel's ambient card: while the overlay paints it, detection
-          // draws no callout under it.
+          // Detection hides the callout while this card paints.
           cardSourceId: VESSEL_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID,
           cardEntryId: components.cards.vesselOverlayEntryId(record),
           klass: record.type
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/records.js b/src/layers/vessels/records.js
index aeb2f39bf..f6f581784 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/records.js
@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@ export function normalizeVessel(row) {
     lastPositionUtc: String(row.last_position_UTC || ''),
     lastPositionEpoch: finiteNumber(row.last_position_epoch),
     missedRefreshes: 0,
-    // Filled on first use by the cards' `vesselOverlayEntryId`. The id reads
-    // only the MMSI, or for an unkeyed row fields it never updates.
+    // Cached by `vesselOverlayEntryId`; the fields it reads never change.
     overlayEntryId: null,
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js
index c569e03b8..71f4b849f 100644
--- a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js
+++ b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js
@@ -1047,9 +1047,9 @@ export function getOverlayPaintRect(sourceId, entryId) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Opacity an entry will paint with in the frame being painted, or 0 when it is
- * not queued. Valid from the custom lanes, which paint before the entries in
- * later lanes publish their paint rects. Leaves out only the Cyber sonar fade.
+ * Opacity an entry paints with this frame, or 0 when it is not queued. Custom
+ * lanes may call it before later lanes publish paint rects. Leaves out the
+ * Cyber sonar fade and yield-collision hiding.
  * @param {string} sourceId
  * @param {string} entryId
  * @returns {number}
@@ -2253,9 +2253,8 @@ function addPaintItem(record, placement, temporalAlpha, selected) {
   item.collisionHidden = false;
   item.stamp = _frameStamp;
   _paintQueue[_paintCount++] = item;
-  // Indexed by source and id rather than by `record.key`, so a lookup builds
-  // no string. A card fading out after it left its source's entries is still
-  // queued here, though `_records` no longer has it.
+  // Keyed by source and id, not `record.key`, so a lookup builds no string.
+  // Also holds cards fading out after they left `_records`.
   let bySource = _queuedItemBySource.get(record.entry.source);
   if (!bySource) {
     bySource = new Map();
diff --git a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs
index dfc82cebd..1b8223bbc 100644
--- a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs
+++ b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs
@@ -1224,9 +1224,8 @@ test('custom detection lane receives the shared host frame and paints below ordi
 });
 
 test('a detection lane sees which cards this frame will paint before they publish paint rects', () => {
-  // The detection lane paints first, so a card's paint rectangle for this
-  // frame does not exist yet when it runs. The queued alpha is what lets a
-  // contact's callout give way to that contact's own card in the same frame.
+  // The detection lane paints before the cards publish this frame's paint
+  // rects, so it reads the queued alpha instead.
   const env = installMockEnvironment({ width: 400, height: 300, dpr: 1 });
   initWorldOverlay(env.viewer);
   const seen = [];
@@ -2529,8 +2528,8 @@ test('promoting an ambient entry to selected paints it once with no fading dupli
 });
 
 test('the queued-card index stays bounded while card identities churn', () => {
-  // The index is internal: capture the per-source map the same way the
-  // projection-record test captures its map, through Map.prototype.set.
+  // The index is internal: capture it through Map.prototype.set, like the
+  // projection-record test.
   const originalSet = Map.prototype.set;
   let queuedIndex = null;
   Map.prototype.set = function captureQueuedIndex(key, value) {
@@ -2546,9 +2545,8 @@ test('the queued-card index stays bounded while card identities churn', () => {
     initWorldOverlay(env.viewer);
     const FRAMES = 1300;
     for (let frame = 0; frame < FRAMES; frame++) {
-      // One painted card whose identity changes every frame: the same pooled
-      // paint item serves every id (a vessel cohort republished as the camera
-      // moves, a CCTV or radio card swapping).
+      // One card whose id changes every frame reuses one pooled paint item,
+      // like a vessel cohort republished as the camera moves.
       setOverlayEntries('cards', [selectedEntry(`churn-card-${frame}`, {
         position: positionAtScreen(200, 150),
       })]);

From 27823d7d05c8bfbe40fbf3ef759835226c227bd8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: manjunath22466 <manjunath@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 22:37:41 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 066/181] fix(voice): make viewport escalation diagnostics
 truthful and paired

Review follow-up for #835. What is captured, sent and kept is unchanged.

- Log nothing for tool results other than get_entity_context, so other
  tools stop spending the shared debug-log budget.
- Give every decision and outcome the same contextId and image kind, so
  overlapping requests pair up.
- Log why a crop decision did not send (stale, off ground, off screen,
  expired, pose changed, already requested) instead of leaving a lone
  "pointer-ground-crop" that reads as sent.
- Split capture-invalidated into session-reset, superseded, channel-lost
  and frame-stale.
- Close the pair with "error" when a step throws, then rethrow.
- Document the events in CURRENT-STATE and reword the changelog fragment.
---
 .../835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md        |  12 +-
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                         |   1 +
 src/voice/realtimeViewport.js                 | 137 ++++++---
 src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs     | 282 +++++++++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 386 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md b/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md
index a5246d585..0fe8a1fbd 100644
--- a/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md
+++ b/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
-- Voice viewport escalation now emits compact reason-code diagnostics without
-  recording tool payloads. The policy still prefers structured entity identity,
-  preserves the live point-and-ask crop added in #837, and does not add image
-  requests, change image retention or automatically widen visual scope.
-  This follows asturksever's #835 review; credit the #837 pointer-crop authors.
+- The voice debug log now says why OpenAI Realtime did or did not get a
+  viewport screenshot or pointer crop. Each entity-context answer logs a
+  reason-coded decision and, when an image was due, one outcome under the same
+  id, so a crop that was dropped because the pointer went stale or the camera
+  moved is no longer counted as sent. What is captured, sent and kept is
+  unchanged, and no image data or user text is logged (kvnloo, manjunath22466,
+  #835).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 0c5d7e278..246993256 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5774,6 +5774,7 @@ and unreachable upstream (502/504) separately from road geometry.
 - **Reliability**: tool-call dedupe (2.5s window across call/item/args keys); response-create queueing that respects active responses and defers follow-ups when the user starts speaking; per-tool follow-up instructions so the agent confirms only what actually happened (zoom confirms only on `ok=true`).
 - **Aircraft identity honesty:** “What is this aircraft?” reads callsign, operator, registration, type, and route only from the selected contact context. Missing operator, route, or type enrichment is named explicitly rather than silently omitted or inferred from the callsign.
 - **Diagnostics**: every client/server event is posted to `/api/realtime/debug-log` and appended to `.gev-logs/realtime-conversations.jsonl` (gitignored) with secret/image redaction; last 30 errors persist in `localStorage` (`gev-realtime-errors`); `window.__gevVoiceCommands.getDiagnostics()` in the console.
+  - **Visual-context escalation** (OpenAI Realtime): when a `get_entity_context` answer reaches the image step (its tool output was sent and the data channel is open), it logs one `viewport_context.decision` (`contextId`, `send`, `kind` `viewport` or `crop`, `reason`, `viewScale`). A send decision is followed by exactly one outcome with the same `contextId` and `kind`: `viewport_context.result` (`sent`, `data-channel-send-failed`) or `viewport_context.skipped`. Pointer-crop skips are `pointer-not-fresh`, `pointer-not-ground`, `pointer-off-screen`, `pointer-already-requested` (the same snapshot was already sent or is still being captured), `pointer-expired`, `pointer-pose-unknown` and `pose-changed`; dropped captures are `capture-unavailable`, `session-reset`, `superseded` (a newer request or turn), `channel-lost` and `frame-stale`; a step that throws closes the pair with `error` before the caller logs `viewport_context.failed`. `channel-closed` and the crop's `pointer-scale-not-useful` are defensive and not expected from the current caller. Payloads are static codes only, never image data, tool payloads or user text, and other tool results log nothing here. Gemini Live uses a different gate in `geminiSession.js` (no pointer crop, a 1 s throttle), which is not instrumented.
 - **Counting semantics ("near")** — a CONTRACT; new count-bearing tool work inherits it. Three honest numbers exist for one question: the Contacts cohort (250 km around the subject, what the panel shows), `analyst_query`'s count of _currently-loaded_ records for the requested scope, and the layer-wide loaded total in `coverage.layersQueried[].total`. They diverge legitimately — the flights layer loads by viewport, so after a camera dive the loaded set can hold a fraction of the cohort (field case: panel 42, analyst 8). The contract:
   1. **Contacts ACTIVE** → "near / nearby / how many aircraft" means the **Contacts window** — the panel's numbers, spoken verbatim. Mechanism: `contactsWindow` (`{centeredOn, radiusKm, flights, military, vessels, complete}`), carried by both `analyst_query` and `get_current_view_state`, derived by `contactsWindowFromSnapshot()` from the same snapshot the panel renders so the two cannot drift. Voice filtering and follow-up memory use that immutable snapshot too. A cohort whose feed cannot answer reports `'unknown'`, never a confident zero; a cohort at the 20,000-row retention bound reports a lower bound.
   2. **Contacts OFF** → "nearby" means **in view**; "near \<place\>" means a radius around that place. A radius query with Contacts active and no explicit centre is centred on the **active contact**, not the camera.
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js b/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js
index e35adefd2..89b9051f7 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js
@@ -339,6 +339,16 @@ export function isBenignViewportDeleteError(payload, pendingDeleteIds = null) {
   return code === 'item_not_found';
 }
 
+/** Pairs one visual-context request's outcome with its decision. */
+function diagnosticsRecord(contextId = null) {
+  return { contextId, logged: false };
+}
+
+function reportOutcome(owner, diag, event, kind, reason) {
+  diag.logged = true;
+  owner.debugLog?.(event, { contextId: diag.contextId, kind, reason });
+}
+
 /** Own the one retained viewport image and bounded pending deletion identities. */
 export class RealtimeViewport {
   constructor({
@@ -359,6 +369,8 @@ export class RealtimeViewport {
     // Bumped by every capture request and every new user turn: only the
     // newest request of the current turn may publish.
     this.captureSeq = 0;
+    // Diagnostics only: pairs each visual-context decision with its outcome.
+    this.contextSeq = 0;
     this.lastPointerCrop = null;
     // What the retained image shows: `{kind:'viewport'|'crop', rect, cameraKey}`.
     // Pixel targeting (screenX/screenY) is read against it.
@@ -370,24 +382,47 @@ export class RealtimeViewport {
     return this.readChannel();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Escalate an entity-context answer to an image when the gate allows it.
+   * Logs one `viewport_context.decision`, then, for a send decision, exactly
+   * one `.skipped` or `.result` outcome, even when a step throws. Every
+   * event carries the same `contextId` and the image `kind`, so overlapping
+   * requests pair up.
+   */
   async sendVisualContextIfUseful(result) {
-    const channel = this.dc;
+    // Runs after every tool output. Only entity context can escalate, so
+    // other tools log nothing and leave the shared debug-log budget alone.
+    if (result?.action !== 'get_entity_context') return false;
+    const contextId = ++this.contextSeq;
     const decision = viewportContextDecision(result, {
-      channelOpen: channel?.readyState === 'open',
+      channelOpen: this.dc?.readyState === 'open',
     });
-    this.debugLog?.('viewport_context.decision', decision);
+    this.debugLog?.('viewport_context.decision', { contextId, ...decision });
     if (!decision.send) return false;
-    // #837's pointer crop is separate from the full viewport: preserve it.
-    if (decision.kind === 'crop')
-      return this.sendPointerCrop(this.readPointer(), {
-        viewScale: decision.viewScale,
-      });
-    return this.sendRetainedImage(
-      () => this.capture(),
-      "Current God's Eye View viewport screenshot. Read any clearly visible street, building, and place labels in the image and combine them with the structured nearbyPlaces, streetLabels, and scene context. Do not invent labels that are not legible.",
-      'client.viewport_context',
-      { kind: 'viewport' },
-    );
+    const diag = diagnosticsRecord(contextId);
+    try {
+      // #837's pointer crop is separate from the full viewport: preserve it.
+      if (decision.kind === 'crop')
+        return await this.sendPointerCrop(this.readPointer(), {
+          viewScale: decision.viewScale,
+          diag,
+        });
+      return await this.sendRetainedImage(
+        () => this.capture(),
+        "Current God's Eye View viewport screenshot. Read any clearly visible street, building, and place labels in the image and combine them with the structured nearbyPlaces, streetLabels, and scene context. Do not invent labels that are not legible.",
+        'client.viewport_context',
+        { kind: 'viewport', diag },
+      );
+    } catch (error) {
+      // The caller logs the error itself; close the pair, then rethrow.
+      if (!diag.logged)
+        this.debugLog?.('viewport_context.skipped', {
+          contextId,
+          kind: decision.kind,
+          reason: 'error',
+        });
+      throw error;
+    }
   }
 
   /** A new user turn: captures still in flight from the last one are dropped. */
@@ -401,27 +436,39 @@ export class RealtimeViewport {
    * @param {object|null} snapshot Fresh pointer snapshot on bare ground.
    * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
    */
-  async sendPointerCrop(snapshot, { viewScale } = {}) {
-    if (!snapshot?.fresh || snapshot.target !== 'ground' || !snapshot.screenPx)
+  async sendPointerCrop(
+    snapshot,
+    { viewScale, diag = diagnosticsRecord() } = {},
+  ) {
+    const skip = (reason) => {
+      reportOutcome(this, diag, 'viewport_context.skipped', 'crop', reason);
       return false;
+    };
+    if (!snapshot?.fresh) return skip('pointer-not-fresh');
+    if (snapshot.target !== 'ground') return skip('pointer-not-ground');
+    if (!snapshot.screenPx) return skip('pointer-off-screen');
     // Too far out, the crop is a smear: every path shares this guard.
-    if (!POINTER_CROP_SCALES.has(viewScale)) return false;
-    if (snapshot === this.lastPointerCrop) return false;
+    if (!POINTER_CROP_SCALES.has(viewScale))
+      return skip('pointer-scale-not-useful');
+    // Set before the capture finishes, so this also covers one in flight.
+    if (snapshot === this.lastPointerCrop)
+      return skip('pointer-already-requested');
     const capturedAt = Number(snapshot.capturedAt) || 0;
-    if (this.now() - capturedAt > POINTER_CROP_MAX_AGE_MS) return false;
+    if (this.now() - capturedAt > POINTER_CROP_MAX_AGE_MS)
+      return skip('pointer-expired');
     // The snapshot's pixels only name its own camera pose.
     const snapshotCameraKey = snapshot.cameraKey;
-    if (!snapshotCameraKey) return false;
+    if (!snapshotCameraKey) return skip('pointer-pose-unknown');
     const samePose = () =>
       snapshotCameraKey === this.readCameraKey() &&
       this.now() - capturedAt <= POINTER_CROP_MAX_AGE_MS;
-    if (!samePose()) return false;
+    if (!samePose()) return skip('pose-changed');
     this.lastPointerCrop = snapshot;
     const sent = await this.sendRetainedImage(
       () => this.capturePointer(snapshot.screenPx),
       "Crop of the map around the user's pointer; the ring marks the exact spot they mean by this or here. Describe only what is clearly visible.",
       'client.pointer_crop',
-      { kind: 'crop', valid: samePose },
+      { kind: 'crop', valid: samePose, diag },
     );
     if (!sent && this.lastPointerCrop === snapshot) this.lastPointerCrop = null;
     return sent;
@@ -429,7 +476,14 @@ export class RealtimeViewport {
 
   /** Capture one image and make it the single retained image in context. */
   async sendRetainedImage(captureImage, text, label, frame = {}) {
-    if (!this.dc || this.dc.readyState !== 'open') return false;
+    const kind = frame.kind || 'viewport';
+    const diag = frame.diag || diagnosticsRecord();
+    const report = (event, reason) =>
+      reportOutcome(this, diag, event, kind, reason);
+    if (!this.dc || this.dc.readyState !== 'open') {
+      report('viewport_context.skipped', 'channel-closed');
+      return false;
+    }
     const generation = this.generation;
     const request = ++this.captureSeq;
     const channel = this.dc;
@@ -437,21 +491,23 @@ export class RealtimeViewport {
     const imageUrl =
       typeof captured === 'string' ? captured : captured?.dataUrl || null;
     if (!imageUrl) {
-      this.debugLog?.('viewport_context.skipped', {
-        reason: 'capture-unavailable',
-      });
+      report('viewport_context.skipped', 'capture-unavailable');
       return false;
     }
-    if (
-      generation !== this.generation ||
-      request !== this.captureSeq ||
-      this.dc !== channel ||
-      channel.readyState !== 'open' ||
-      (typeof frame.valid === 'function' && !frame.valid())
-    ) {
-      this.debugLog?.('viewport_context.skipped', {
-        reason: 'capture-invalidated',
-      });
+    // Same guards as before, checked in order so each drop names its cause:
+    // reset() bumps both counters, so a session reset is tested first.
+    const invalidated =
+      generation !== this.generation
+        ? 'session-reset'
+        : request !== this.captureSeq
+          ? 'superseded'
+          : this.dc !== channel || channel.readyState !== 'open'
+            ? 'channel-lost'
+            : typeof frame.valid === 'function' && !frame.valid()
+              ? 'frame-stale'
+              : null;
+    if (invalidated) {
+      report('viewport_context.skipped', invalidated);
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -509,14 +565,15 @@ export class RealtimeViewport {
     this.lastViewportItemId = sent ? newItemId : null;
     this.retainedFrame = sent
       ? {
-          kind: frame.kind || 'viewport',
+          kind,
           rect: captured?.rect || null,
           cameraKey: this.readCameraKey(),
         }
       : null;
-    this.debugLog?.('viewport_context.result', {
-      reason: sent ? 'sent' : 'data-channel-send-failed',
-    });
+    report(
+      'viewport_context.result',
+      sent ? 'sent' : 'data-channel-send-failed',
+    );
     return sent;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs b/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
index 0d679559f..57a60a13d 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ test('capture failures and invalidated turns are reason-coded without sending',
     diagnostics.some(
       (item) =>
         item.event === 'viewport_context.skipped' &&
-        item.detail.reason === 'capture-invalidated',
+        item.detail.reason === 'session-reset',
     ),
   );
 });
@@ -256,3 +256,283 @@ test('successful retained send is logged without recording image contents', asyn
   );
   assert.equal(JSON.stringify(diagnostics).includes('data:image/jpeg'), false);
 });
+
+const outcomeEvents = new Set([
+  'viewport_context.skipped',
+  'viewport_context.result',
+]);
+
+function recordingViewport(options = {}) {
+  const events = [];
+  const channel = options.channel ?? { readyState: 'open' };
+  const viewport = new RealtimeViewport({
+    readChannel: () => channel,
+    readCameraKey: () => 'camera:fixture',
+    now: () => 1000,
+    capturePointer: async () => ({
+      dataUrl: 'data:image/jpeg;base64,AA==',
+      rect: { x: 0, y: 0, width: 1, height: 1 },
+    }),
+    capture: async () => 'data:image/jpeg;base64,AA==',
+    ...options,
+    operations: {
+      sendRealtimeEvent: () => true,
+      debugLog: (event, detail) => events.push({ event, detail }),
+      ...options.operations,
+    },
+  });
+  return { viewport, events };
+}
+
+const pointerGround = (overrides = {}) =>
+  localContext({
+    scope: 'pointer',
+    pointer: { target: 'ground' },
+    scene: { basemap: { viewScale: 'city' } },
+    ...overrides,
+  });
+
+const groundSnapshot = (overrides = {}) => ({
+  fresh: true,
+  target: 'ground',
+  screenPx: { x: 10, y: 10 },
+  capturedAt: 900,
+  cameraKey: 'camera:fixture',
+  ...overrides,
+});
+
+test('tool results other than entity context log nothing', async () => {
+  const { viewport, events } = recordingViewport();
+  assert.equal(
+    await viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful({ action: 'fly_to' }),
+    false,
+  );
+  assert.equal(await viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(null), false);
+  assert.deepEqual(events, []);
+});
+
+test('a crop decision that cannot send logs why, under the same id', async () => {
+  const cases = [
+    [{ fresh: false }, 'pointer-not-fresh'],
+    [{ target: 'building' }, 'pointer-not-ground'],
+    [{ screenPx: null }, 'pointer-off-screen'],
+    [{ capturedAt: -50000 }, 'pointer-expired'],
+    [{ cameraKey: null }, 'pointer-pose-unknown'],
+    [{ cameraKey: 'camera:moved' }, 'pose-changed'],
+  ];
+  for (const [override, reason] of cases) {
+    const snapshot = groundSnapshot(override);
+    const { viewport, events } = recordingViewport({
+      readPointer: () => snapshot,
+    });
+    assert.equal(
+      await viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(pointerGround()),
+      false,
+      reason,
+    );
+    assert.equal(events.length, 2, reason);
+    const [decision, outcome] = events;
+    assert.equal(decision.event, 'viewport_context.decision');
+    assert.equal(decision.detail.reason, 'pointer-ground-crop');
+    assert.deepEqual(outcome, {
+      event: 'viewport_context.skipped',
+      detail: { contextId: decision.detail.contextId, kind: 'crop', reason },
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+test('a repeated pointer snapshot is logged as already requested', async () => {
+  const snapshot = groundSnapshot();
+  const { viewport, events } = recordingViewport({
+    readPointer: () => snapshot,
+  });
+  assert.equal(await viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(pointerGround()), true);
+  assert.equal(
+    await viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(pointerGround()),
+    false,
+  );
+  const outcomes = events.filter((item) => outcomeEvents.has(item.event));
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    outcomes.map((item) => [item.detail.kind, item.detail.reason]),
+    [
+      ['crop', 'sent'],
+      ['crop', 'pointer-already-requested'],
+    ],
+  );
+});
+
+test('overlapping requests pair each outcome with its own decision', async () => {
+  const releases = [];
+  const { viewport, events } = recordingViewport({
+    capture: () => new Promise((resolve) => releases.push(resolve)),
+  });
+  const first = viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(localContext());
+  const second = viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(localContext());
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  releases[1]('data:image/jpeg;base64,AA==');
+  releases[0]('data:image/jpeg;base64,AA==');
+  assert.equal(await first, false);
+  assert.equal(await second, true);
+  const [firstId, secondId] = events
+    .filter((item) => item.event === 'viewport_context.decision')
+    .map((item) => item.detail.contextId);
+  assert.notEqual(firstId, secondId);
+  const outcomeFor = (id) =>
+    events.filter(
+      (item) => outcomeEvents.has(item.event) && item.detail.contextId === id,
+    );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    outcomeFor(firstId).map((item) => item.detail),
+    [{ contextId: firstId, kind: 'viewport', reason: 'superseded' }],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    outcomeFor(secondId).map((item) => item.detail),
+    [{ contextId: secondId, kind: 'viewport', reason: 'sent' }],
+  );
+});
+
+test('dropped captures name their cause', async () => {
+  const reasonFor = async (context, interrupt, extra = {}) => {
+    let release;
+    const pending = () => new Promise((resolve) => (release = resolve));
+    const { viewport, events } = recordingViewport({
+      capture: pending,
+      capturePointer: pending,
+      ...extra,
+    });
+    const sent = viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(context);
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    interrupt(viewport);
+    release('data:image/jpeg;base64,AA==');
+    assert.equal(await sent, false);
+    return events
+      .filter((item) => outcomeEvents.has(item.event))
+      .map((item) => item.detail.reason);
+  };
+
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    await reasonFor(localContext(), (viewport) => viewport.beginTurn()),
+    ['superseded'],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    await reasonFor(localContext(), (viewport) => viewport.reset()),
+    ['session-reset'],
+  );
+  const channel = { readyState: 'open' };
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    await reasonFor(localContext(), () => (channel.readyState = 'closed'), {
+      channel,
+    }),
+    ['channel-lost'],
+  );
+  let cameraKey = 'camera:fixture';
+  const snapshot = groundSnapshot();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    await reasonFor(pointerGround(), () => (cameraKey = 'camera:moved'), {
+      readPointer: () => snapshot,
+      readCameraKey: () => cameraKey,
+    }),
+    ['frame-stale'],
+  );
+});
+
+test('every send decision is followed by exactly one outcome', async () => {
+  const snapshots = [
+    null,
+    groundSnapshot(),
+    groundSnapshot({ fresh: false }),
+    groundSnapshot({ cameraKey: 'camera:moved' }),
+    groundSnapshot({ capturedAt: -50000 }),
+  ];
+  const contexts = [
+    localContext(),
+    localContext({ selected: { id: 'x', layerId: 'y' } }),
+    pointerGround(),
+    pointerGround({ scene: { basemap: { viewScale: 'global' } } }),
+    pointerGround({ pointer: null }),
+  ];
+  const captures = [
+    async () => 'data:image/jpeg;base64,AA==',
+    async () => null,
+  ];
+  for (const snapshot of snapshots)
+    for (const context of contexts)
+      for (const capture of captures)
+        for (const sendResult of [true, false]) {
+          const { viewport, events } = recordingViewport({
+            readPointer: () => snapshot,
+            capture,
+            capturePointer: capture,
+            operations: { sendRealtimeEvent: () => sendResult },
+          });
+          await viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(context);
+          const [decision, ...rest] = events;
+          assert.equal(decision.event, 'viewport_context.decision');
+          const outcomes = rest.filter((item) => outcomeEvents.has(item.event));
+          assert.equal(outcomes.length, decision.detail.send ? 1 : 0);
+          for (const outcome of outcomes) {
+            assert.equal(outcome.detail.contextId, decision.detail.contextId);
+            assert.equal(outcome.detail.kind, decision.detail.kind);
+            if (outcome.event === 'viewport_context.result')
+              assert.equal(
+                outcome.detail.reason,
+                sendResult ? 'sent' : 'data-channel-send-failed',
+              );
+          }
+        }
+});
+
+test('a failed data-channel send is never logged as sent', async () => {
+  for (const [sendResult, reason] of [
+    [true, 'sent'],
+    [false, 'data-channel-send-failed'],
+  ]) {
+    const { viewport, events } = recordingViewport({
+      operations: { sendRealtimeEvent: () => sendResult },
+    });
+    assert.equal(
+      await viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(localContext()),
+      sendResult,
+    );
+    const outcomes = events.filter((item) => outcomeEvents.has(item.event));
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      outcomes.map((item) => [item.event, item.detail.reason]),
+      [['viewport_context.result', reason]],
+    );
+  }
+});
+
+test('a step that throws still closes its decision, then rethrows', async () => {
+  for (const [context, extra] of [
+    [
+      localContext(),
+      {
+        capture: async () => {
+          throw new Error('capture boom');
+        },
+      },
+    ],
+    [
+      pointerGround(),
+      {
+        readPointer: () => {
+          throw new Error('pointer boom');
+        },
+      },
+    ],
+  ]) {
+    const { viewport, events } = recordingViewport(extra);
+    await assert.rejects(viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(context), /boom/);
+    const [decision, ...rest] = events;
+    assert.deepEqual(rest, [
+      {
+        event: 'viewport_context.skipped',
+        detail: {
+          contextId: decision.detail.contextId,
+          kind: decision.detail.kind,
+          reason: 'error',
+        },
+      },
+    ]);
+  }
+});

From d0a612786a17e50fdcbcb591ce3142827afabdf9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: manjunath22466 <manjunath@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 22:47:09 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 067/181] fix(voice): log a real send before bookkeeping;
 document decision reasons

Second review pass on #835's diagnostics. Behaviour is unchanged.

- Report viewport_context.result as soon as the send returns, so a throw
  in the retained-frame bookkeeping cannot log a real send as "error".
- List the decision reasons and when each field is present in
  CURRENT-STATE, note that the rate limit can split a pair, and say which
  codes are defensive.
- Changelog: the decision is logged when an entity-context answer reaches
  the image step, not for every answer.
---
 .../835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md        | 12 +++++------
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                         |  2 +-
 src/voice/realtimeViewport.js                 | 10 +++++----
 src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs     | 21 +++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md b/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md
index 0fe8a1fbd..cdd909bba 100644
--- a/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md
+++ b/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 - The voice debug log now says why OpenAI Realtime did or did not get a
-  viewport screenshot or pointer crop. Each entity-context answer logs a
-  reason-coded decision and, when an image was due, one outcome under the same
-  id, so a crop that was dropped because the pointer went stale or the camera
-  moved is no longer counted as sent. What is captured, sent and kept is
-  unchanged, and no image data or user text is logged (kvnloo, manjunath22466,
-  #835).
+  viewport screenshot or pointer crop. When an entity-context answer reaches
+  the image step, the log records a reason-coded decision and, when an image
+  was due, one outcome under the same id, so a crop that was dropped because
+  the pointer went stale or the camera moved is no longer counted as sent.
+  What is captured, sent and kept is unchanged, and no image data or user text
+  is logged (kvnloo, manjunath22466, #835).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index b875296b5..76da8b2f0 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5779,7 +5779,7 @@ and unreachable upstream (502/504) separately from road geometry.
 - **Reliability**: tool-call dedupe (2.5s window across call/item/args keys); response-create queueing that respects active responses and defers follow-ups when the user starts speaking; per-tool follow-up instructions so the agent confirms only what actually happened (zoom confirms only on `ok=true`).
 - **Aircraft identity honesty:** “What is this aircraft?” reads callsign, operator, registration, type, and route only from the selected contact context. Missing operator, route, or type enrichment is named explicitly rather than silently omitted or inferred from the callsign.
 - **Diagnostics**: every client/server event is posted to `/api/realtime/debug-log` and appended to `.gev-logs/realtime-conversations.jsonl` (gitignored) with secret/image redaction; last 30 errors persist in `localStorage` (`gev-realtime-errors`); `window.__gevVoiceCommands.getDiagnostics()` in the console.
-  - **Visual-context escalation** (OpenAI Realtime): when a `get_entity_context` answer reaches the image step (its tool output was sent and the data channel is open), it logs one `viewport_context.decision` (`contextId`, `send`, `kind` `viewport` or `crop`, `reason`, `viewScale`). A send decision is followed by exactly one outcome with the same `contextId` and `kind`: `viewport_context.result` (`sent`, `data-channel-send-failed`) or `viewport_context.skipped`. Pointer-crop skips are `pointer-not-fresh`, `pointer-not-ground`, `pointer-off-screen`, `pointer-already-requested` (the same snapshot was already sent or is still being captured), `pointer-expired`, `pointer-pose-unknown` and `pose-changed`; dropped captures are `capture-unavailable`, `session-reset`, `superseded` (a newer request or turn), `channel-lost` and `frame-stale`; a step that throws closes the pair with `error` before the caller logs `viewport_context.failed`. `channel-closed` and the crop's `pointer-scale-not-useful` are defensive and not expected from the current caller. Payloads are static codes only, never image data, tool payloads or user text, and other tool results log nothing here. Gemini Live uses a different gate in `geminiSession.js` (no pointer crop, a 1 s throttle), which is not instrumented.
+  - **Visual-context escalation** (OpenAI Realtime): when a response's last tool result is a `get_entity_context` answer and its tool output was sent with the data channel open, it logs one `viewport_context.decision` with `contextId`, `send` and `reason`, plus `viewScale` (absent only for `channel-closed`) and, when `send` is true, `kind` (`viewport` or `crop`). Decision reasons: `structured-identity-sufficient` (structured context made an image unnecessary), `view-scale-not-local`, `structured-identity-missing` (sends a viewport), `pointer-ground-crop` (sends a crop), `pointer-identity-present`, `pointer-missing`, `pointer-scale-not-useful` and `channel-closed`. A send decision is followed by exactly one outcome with the same `contextId` and `kind`: `viewport_context.result` (`sent`, `data-channel-send-failed`), logged as soon as the send returns, or `viewport_context.skipped`. Pointer-crop skips are `pointer-not-fresh`, `pointer-not-ground`, `pointer-off-screen`, `pointer-already-requested` (the same snapshot was already sent, is still being captured, or an earlier capture of it failed), `pointer-expired`, `pointer-pose-unknown` and `pose-changed`; dropped captures are `capture-unavailable`, `session-reset`, `superseded` (a newer request or turn), `channel-lost` and `frame-stale`; a step that throws before an outcome closes the pair with `error`, and the caller then logs `viewport_context.failed`. The `channel-closed` decision and the `channel-closed` and `pointer-scale-not-useful` skip outcomes are defensive and not expected from the current caller. Decision and outcome are separate records, so the debug-log rate limit can drop one half of a pair. Payloads are static codes only, never image data, tool payloads or user text, and other tool results log nothing here. Gemini Live uses a different gate in `geminiSession.js` (no pointer crop, a 1 s throttle), which is not instrumented.
 - **Counting semantics ("near")** — a CONTRACT; new count-bearing tool work inherits it. Three honest numbers exist for one question: the Contacts cohort (250 km around the subject, what the panel shows), `analyst_query`'s count of _currently-loaded_ records for the requested scope, and the layer-wide loaded total in `coverage.layersQueried[].total`. They diverge legitimately — the flights layer loads by viewport, so after a camera dive the loaded set can hold a fraction of the cohort (field case: panel 42, analyst 8). The contract:
   1. **Contacts ACTIVE** → "near / nearby / how many aircraft" means the **Contacts window** — the panel's numbers, spoken verbatim. Mechanism: `contactsWindow` (`{centeredOn, radiusKm, flights, military, vessels, complete}`), carried by both `analyst_query` and `get_current_view_state`, derived by `contactsWindowFromSnapshot()` from the same snapshot the panel renders so the two cannot drift. Voice filtering and follow-up memory use that immutable snapshot too. A cohort whose feed cannot answer reports `'unknown'`, never a confident zero; a cohort at the 20,000-row retention bound reports a lower bound.
   2. **Contacts OFF** → "nearby" means **in view**; "near \<place\>" means a radius around that place. A radius query with Contacts active and no explicit centre is centred on the **active contact**, not the camera.
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js b/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js
index 89b9051f7..dc845da31 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js
@@ -562,6 +562,12 @@ export class RealtimeViewport {
     // the item we just deleted as null and fall through so the caller still
     // issues queueResponseCreate WITHOUT the image, instead of stranding the turn.
     const sent = this.sendRealtimeEvent(contextEvent, label);
+    // Report before the bookkeeping below, so a later throw cannot turn a
+    // real send into a logged "error".
+    report(
+      'viewport_context.result',
+      sent ? 'sent' : 'data-channel-send-failed',
+    );
     this.lastViewportItemId = sent ? newItemId : null;
     this.retainedFrame = sent
       ? {
@@ -570,10 +576,6 @@ export class RealtimeViewport {
           cameraKey: this.readCameraKey(),
         }
       : null;
-    report(
-      'viewport_context.result',
-      sent ? 'sent' : 'data-channel-send-failed',
-    );
     return sent;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs b/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
index 57a60a13d..9c7ddfb74 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
@@ -536,3 +536,24 @@ test('a step that throws still closes its decision, then rethrows', async () =>
     ]);
   }
 });
+
+test('a throw after a real send still logs it as sent', async () => {
+  let reads = 0;
+  const { viewport, events } = recordingViewport({
+    // The first read happens only after the image was handed to the channel.
+    readCameraKey: () => {
+      reads += 1;
+      throw new Error('camera gone');
+    },
+  });
+  await assert.rejects(
+    viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(localContext()),
+    /camera gone/,
+  );
+  assert.equal(reads, 1);
+  const outcomes = events.filter((item) => outcomeEvents.has(item.event));
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    outcomes.map((item) => [item.event, item.detail.reason]),
+    [['viewport_context.result', 'sent']],
+  );
+});

From df37c9360dcfc54ea80915e603e1955a67fc68bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: manjunath22466 <manjunath@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 23:12:20 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 068/181] test(voice): pin diagnostics wiring and in-flight
 crop dedupe; tighten docs

Third review pass on #835. No runtime change.

- Controller test: viewport decisions reach the controller's debug log.
- Policy test: a second request for a snapshot still being captured is
  logged pointer-already-requested and is not captured twice.
- CURRENT-STATE: pointer-not-fresh also covers a missing snapshot,
  already-requested covers an earlier attempt that threw, and the image
  step runs when any tool output of the response was sent.
- Changelog: describe what is recorded rather than a fixed miscount.
---
 .../835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md        |  8 +++---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                         |  2 +-
 src/voice/gevRealtime.test.mjs                | 26 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs     | 24 +++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 55 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md b/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md
index cdd909bba..b10444e8e 100644
--- a/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md
+++ b/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 - The voice debug log now says why OpenAI Realtime did or did not get a
   viewport screenshot or pointer crop. When an entity-context answer reaches
   the image step, the log records a reason-coded decision and, when an image
-  was due, one outcome under the same id, so a crop that was dropped because
-  the pointer went stale or the camera moved is no longer counted as sent.
-  What is captured, sent and kept is unchanged, and no image data or user text
-  is logged (kvnloo, manjunath22466, #835).
+  was due, one outcome under the same id: sent, or why it was dropped (a stale
+  pointer, a camera move, a newer turn). What is captured, sent and kept is
+  unchanged, and no image data or user text is logged (kvnloo, manjunath22466,
+  #835).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 76da8b2f0..48a113873 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5779,7 +5779,7 @@ and unreachable upstream (502/504) separately from road geometry.
 - **Reliability**: tool-call dedupe (2.5s window across call/item/args keys); response-create queueing that respects active responses and defers follow-ups when the user starts speaking; per-tool follow-up instructions so the agent confirms only what actually happened (zoom confirms only on `ok=true`).
 - **Aircraft identity honesty:** “What is this aircraft?” reads callsign, operator, registration, type, and route only from the selected contact context. Missing operator, route, or type enrichment is named explicitly rather than silently omitted or inferred from the callsign.
 - **Diagnostics**: every client/server event is posted to `/api/realtime/debug-log` and appended to `.gev-logs/realtime-conversations.jsonl` (gitignored) with secret/image redaction; last 30 errors persist in `localStorage` (`gev-realtime-errors`); `window.__gevVoiceCommands.getDiagnostics()` in the console.
-  - **Visual-context escalation** (OpenAI Realtime): when a response's last tool result is a `get_entity_context` answer and its tool output was sent with the data channel open, it logs one `viewport_context.decision` with `contextId`, `send` and `reason`, plus `viewScale` (absent only for `channel-closed`) and, when `send` is true, `kind` (`viewport` or `crop`). Decision reasons: `structured-identity-sufficient` (structured context made an image unnecessary), `view-scale-not-local`, `structured-identity-missing` (sends a viewport), `pointer-ground-crop` (sends a crop), `pointer-identity-present`, `pointer-missing`, `pointer-scale-not-useful` and `channel-closed`. A send decision is followed by exactly one outcome with the same `contextId` and `kind`: `viewport_context.result` (`sent`, `data-channel-send-failed`), logged as soon as the send returns, or `viewport_context.skipped`. Pointer-crop skips are `pointer-not-fresh`, `pointer-not-ground`, `pointer-off-screen`, `pointer-already-requested` (the same snapshot was already sent, is still being captured, or an earlier capture of it failed), `pointer-expired`, `pointer-pose-unknown` and `pose-changed`; dropped captures are `capture-unavailable`, `session-reset`, `superseded` (a newer request or turn), `channel-lost` and `frame-stale`; a step that throws before an outcome closes the pair with `error`, and the caller then logs `viewport_context.failed`. The `channel-closed` decision and the `channel-closed` and `pointer-scale-not-useful` skip outcomes are defensive and not expected from the current caller. Decision and outcome are separate records, so the debug-log rate limit can drop one half of a pair. Payloads are static codes only, never image data, tool payloads or user text, and other tool results log nothing here. Gemini Live uses a different gate in `geminiSession.js` (no pointer crop, a 1 s throttle), which is not instrumented.
+  - **Visual-context escalation** (OpenAI Realtime): when a response's last tool result is a `get_entity_context` answer, a tool output from that response was sent and the data channel is open, it logs one `viewport_context.decision` with `contextId`, `send` and `reason`, plus `viewScale` (absent only for `channel-closed`) and, when `send` is true, `kind` (`viewport` or `crop`). Decision reasons: `structured-identity-sufficient` (structured context made an image unnecessary), `view-scale-not-local`, `structured-identity-missing` (sends a viewport), `pointer-ground-crop` (sends a crop), `pointer-identity-present`, `pointer-missing`, `pointer-scale-not-useful` and `channel-closed`. A send decision is followed by exactly one outcome with the same `contextId` and `kind`: `viewport_context.result` (`sent`, `data-channel-send-failed`), logged as soon as the send returns, or `viewport_context.skipped`. Pointer-crop skips are `pointer-not-fresh` (no snapshot, or a stale one), `pointer-not-ground`, `pointer-off-screen`, `pointer-already-requested` (the same snapshot was already sent, is still being captured, or an earlier attempt for it threw), `pointer-expired`, `pointer-pose-unknown` and `pose-changed`; dropped captures are `capture-unavailable`, `session-reset`, `superseded` (a newer request or turn), `channel-lost` and `frame-stale`; a step that throws before an outcome closes the pair with `error`, and the caller then logs `viewport_context.failed`. The `channel-closed` decision and the `channel-closed` and `pointer-scale-not-useful` skip outcomes are defensive and not expected from the current caller. Decision and outcome are separate records, so the debug-log rate limit can drop one half of a pair. Payloads are static codes only, never image data, tool payloads or user text, and other tool results log nothing here. Gemini Live uses a different gate in `geminiSession.js` (no pointer crop, a 1 s throttle), which is not instrumented.
 - **Counting semantics ("near")** — a CONTRACT; new count-bearing tool work inherits it. Three honest numbers exist for one question: the Contacts cohort (250 km around the subject, what the panel shows), `analyst_query`'s count of _currently-loaded_ records for the requested scope, and the layer-wide loaded total in `coverage.layersQueried[].total`. They diverge legitimately — the flights layer loads by viewport, so after a camera dive the loaded set can hold a fraction of the cohort (field case: panel 42, analyst 8). The contract:
   1. **Contacts ACTIVE** → "near / nearby / how many aircraft" means the **Contacts window** — the panel's numbers, spoken verbatim. Mechanism: `contactsWindow` (`{centeredOn, radiusKm, flights, military, vessels, complete}`), carried by both `analyst_query` and `get_current_view_state`, derived by `contactsWindowFromSnapshot()` from the same snapshot the panel renders so the two cannot drift. Voice filtering and follow-up memory use that immutable snapshot too. A cohort whose feed cannot answer reports `'unknown'`, never a confident zero; a cohort at the 20,000-row retention bound reports a lower bound.
   2. **Contacts OFF** → "nearby" means **in view**; "near \<place\>" means a radius around that place. A radius query with Contacts active and no explicit centre is centred on the **active contact**, not the camera.
diff --git a/src/voice/gevRealtime.test.mjs b/src/voice/gevRealtime.test.mjs
index 954f4f993..859932e08 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevRealtime.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/gevRealtime.test.mjs
@@ -3708,3 +3708,29 @@ test('voice runs app actions itself and other tools through the catalog', async
   assert.deepEqual(disposals, [['removed']]);
   assert.equal(withToolCatalog(runner, undefined), runner);
 });
+
+test('the controller forwards viewport escalation diagnostics to its debug log', async () => {
+  const records = [];
+  const controller = new GevRealtimeController({
+    ui: createTestVoiceUi(),
+    runner: async () => ({ ok: true }),
+    radioLayer: { subscribePlaybackControls: () => () => {}, setVoiceDucked() {} },
+  });
+  controller.debugLog = (event, detail) => records.push({ event, detail });
+  controller.dc = { readyState: 'open', send() {}, close() {} };
+
+  assert.equal(
+    await controller.sendVisualContextIfUseful({
+      action: 'get_entity_context',
+      scene: { basemap: { viewScale: 'regional' } },
+    }),
+    false,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    records.filter((record) => record.event.startsWith('viewport_context.')),
+    [{
+      event: 'viewport_context.decision',
+      detail: { contextId: 1, send: false, reason: 'view-scale-not-local', viewScale: 'regional' },
+    }],
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs b/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
index 9c7ddfb74..4ed1c0531 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
@@ -557,3 +557,27 @@ test('a throw after a real send still logs it as sent', async () => {
     [['viewport_context.result', 'sent']],
   );
 });
+
+test('a second request for a snapshot still being captured is not sent twice', async () => {
+  const releases = [];
+  const snapshot = groundSnapshot();
+  const { viewport, events } = recordingViewport({
+    readPointer: () => snapshot,
+    capturePointer: () => new Promise((resolve) => releases.push(resolve)),
+  });
+  const first = viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(pointerGround());
+  const second = viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(pointerGround());
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  for (const release of releases)
+    release({ dataUrl: 'data:image/jpeg;base64,AA==', rect: {} });
+  assert.deepEqual([await first, await second], [true, false]);
+  assert.equal(releases.length, 1);
+  const outcomes = events.filter((item) => outcomeEvents.has(item.event));
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    outcomes.map((item) => [item.detail.contextId, item.detail.reason]),
+    [
+      [2, 'pointer-already-requested'],
+      [1, 'sent'],
+    ],
+  );
+});

From 4c62435910a191403dc7368ed9d31b5cbafd759e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 22:01:39 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 069/181] Drop the duplicate callout test and the card id cache

---
 src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs |  1 -
 src/data/detection.js            |  1 -
 src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs  | 65 +++-----------------------------
 src/layers/vessels/cards.js      |  8 ----
 src/layers/vessels/records.js    |  2 -
 5 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 72 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs b/src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs
index e1c2fcc5a..edb3505f2 100644
--- a/src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs
@@ -1821,7 +1821,6 @@ test('detection objects name the vessel card their callout gives way to', () =>
       'vessel:unkeyed:NO MMSI:37.80000:-122.40000',
       'the same identity the vessel card is published under',
     );
-    assert.equal(keyed.overlayEntryId, 'vessel:200', 'cached on the record for later frames');
   } finally {
     _setVesselStateForTest({ enabled: false });
   }
diff --git a/src/data/detection.js b/src/data/detection.js
index b4dc29522..0ec9e9ba2 100644
--- a/src/data/detection.js
+++ b/src/data/detection.js
@@ -1114,7 +1114,6 @@ function _stashCallout(entry, acquireFade, keyhole) {
   row.alpha = alpha;
   row.cardSourceId = candidate.cardSourceId;
   row.cardEntryId = candidate.cardEntryId;
-  row.paintAlpha = alpha;
   _calloutCount++;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs b/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs
index f479869f9..db01ed18a 100644
--- a/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs
@@ -19,12 +19,10 @@ import {
   suspendDetection,
 } from './detection.js';
 import {
-  clearOverlaySource,
   destroyWorldOverlay,
   getOverlayPaintRect,
   initWorldOverlay,
   setOverlayEntries,
-  setOverlaySourceVisible,
 } from '../overlays/worldOverlay.js';
 import { applyVesselOverlayPolicy } from './vesselLabels.js';
 import {
@@ -588,64 +586,6 @@ test('every style paints its OWN plate token through the production callout path
   }
 });
 
-test('a callout gives way to its contact\'s own card only while that card paints', () => {
-  // The callout shows through its card's plate. The host paints only some
-  // published cards (budget, collisions, UI chrome); an unpainted one keeps it.
-  const env = installEnvironment({ width: 900, height: 600, dpr: 1 });
-  try {
-    const ships = [
-      { x: -0.3, sourceId: 'carded', id: 'SHIP-CARDED', card: 'vessel:carded' },
-      { x: 0.3, sourceId: 'dropped', id: 'SHIP-DROPPED', card: 'vessel:dropped' },
-    ].map(({ x, sourceId, id, card }) => ({
-      position: new Cesium.Cartesian3(x, 0, 6_356_752),
-      sourceId,
-      id,
-      metric: '6 kn',
-      type: 'SEA',
-      cardSourceId: card === 'vessel:carded' ? 'vessel-cards' : 'dropped-cards',
-      cardEntryId: card,
-    }));
-    initWorldOverlay(env.viewer);
-    initDetection(env.viewer, [{ id: 'ais-live-vessels', getDetectableObjects: () => ships }], () => {});
-    const card = (id, title, x) => ({
-      id,
-      position: new Cesium.Cartesian3(x, 0, 6_356_752),
-      variant: 'label',
-      title,
-      selected: true,
-      protected: true,
-      horizonCull: false,
-      edgeFade: 'none',
-    });
-    setOverlayEntries('vessel-cards', [card('vessel:carded', 'CARD-CARDED', -0.3)]);
-    // Published, but the host does not paint it this frame.
-    setOverlayEntries('dropped-cards', [card('vessel:dropped', 'CARD-DROPPED', 0.3)]);
-    setOverlaySourceVisible('dropped-cards', false);
-    setMode('DENSE');
-    settleFrame(env);
-    env.ctx.calls.length = 0;
-    settleFrame(env);
-
-    const painted = (text) => env.ctx.calls.some(([name, value]) => name === 'fillText' && value === text);
-    assert.ok(painted('CARD-CARDED'), 'the fixture card reached the frame');
-    assert.ok(!painted('CARD-DROPPED'), 'the hidden source paints no card');
-    assert.ok(!painted('SHIP-CARDED'), 'no callout under the painted card');
-    assert.ok(painted('SHIP-DROPPED'), 'the contact whose card did not paint keeps its callout');
-    assert.equal(getDetectionDiagnostics().calloutRects.length, 1,
-      'only the callout that painted is reported');
-
-    // The card leaves the host: the callout comes back on the next frame.
-    clearOverlaySource('vessel-cards');
-    env.ctx.calls.length = 0;
-    settleFrame(env);
-    assert.ok(painted('SHIP-CARDED'), 'the callout returns once its card stops painting');
-  } finally {
-    destroyDetection();
-    destroyWorldOverlay();
-    env.cleanup();
-  }
-});
-
 /** A vessel detection contact that names its ambient card, like the AIS layer does. */
 function shipWithCard(mmsi, position) {
   return {
@@ -776,6 +716,11 @@ test('a vessel whose ambient card loses the collision keeps its callout', () =>
         carded ? `${ship.id} draws no callout under its card` : `${ship.id} keeps its callout`,
       );
     }
+    assert.equal(
+      getDetectionDiagnostics().calloutRects.length,
+      ships.length - winners.length,
+      'only the callouts that painted are reported',
+    );
   } finally {
     destroyDetection();
     destroyWorldOverlay();
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/cards.js b/src/layers/vessels/cards.js
index 2563bf420..bcf3459f1 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/cards.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/cards.js
@@ -117,14 +117,6 @@ export function createCards({
   /** Stable overlay identity for MMSI-keyed and source-retained unkeyed rows. */
 
   function vesselOverlayEntryId(record) {
-    // Cached on the record: detection asks for it every frame for every vessel.
-    if (record?.overlayEntryId) return record.overlayEntryId;
-    const id = composeVesselOverlayEntryId(record);
-    if (record) record.overlayEntryId = id;
-    return id;
-  }
-
-  function composeVesselOverlayEntryId(record) {
     const mmsi = String(record?.mmsi || '').trim();
     if (mmsi) return `vessel:${mmsi}`;
     const name = String(record?.name || 'VESSEL').trim() || 'VESSEL';
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/records.js b/src/layers/vessels/records.js
index f6f581784..ad6d85cbd 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/records.js
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ export function normalizeVessel(row) {
     lastPositionUtc: String(row.last_position_UTC || ''),
     lastPositionEpoch: finiteNumber(row.last_position_epoch),
     missedRefreshes: 0,
-    // Cached by `vesselOverlayEntryId`; the fields it reads never change.
-    overlayEntryId: null,
   };
 }
 

From 4384e0d402b122006d4635700acb2e4fd86067e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: manjunath22466 <manjunath@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Sat, 7 Nov 2026 00:39:26 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 070/181] test(voice): pin crop-capture throws and defensive
 skips; tighten reason glosses

A throw from the crop capture now has a test that it closes its decision with an error outcome. Direct calls to the crop and image senders pin the channel-closed and pointer-scale-not-useful skips. The docs say a send decision requests an image, and when a pointer snapshot counts as already requested.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                     |  2 +-
 src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs | 42 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 48a113873..39230c3e5 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5779,7 +5779,7 @@ and unreachable upstream (502/504) separately from road geometry.
 - **Reliability**: tool-call dedupe (2.5s window across call/item/args keys); response-create queueing that respects active responses and defers follow-ups when the user starts speaking; per-tool follow-up instructions so the agent confirms only what actually happened (zoom confirms only on `ok=true`).
 - **Aircraft identity honesty:** “What is this aircraft?” reads callsign, operator, registration, type, and route only from the selected contact context. Missing operator, route, or type enrichment is named explicitly rather than silently omitted or inferred from the callsign.
 - **Diagnostics**: every client/server event is posted to `/api/realtime/debug-log` and appended to `.gev-logs/realtime-conversations.jsonl` (gitignored) with secret/image redaction; last 30 errors persist in `localStorage` (`gev-realtime-errors`); `window.__gevVoiceCommands.getDiagnostics()` in the console.
-  - **Visual-context escalation** (OpenAI Realtime): when a response's last tool result is a `get_entity_context` answer, a tool output from that response was sent and the data channel is open, it logs one `viewport_context.decision` with `contextId`, `send` and `reason`, plus `viewScale` (absent only for `channel-closed`) and, when `send` is true, `kind` (`viewport` or `crop`). Decision reasons: `structured-identity-sufficient` (structured context made an image unnecessary), `view-scale-not-local`, `structured-identity-missing` (sends a viewport), `pointer-ground-crop` (sends a crop), `pointer-identity-present`, `pointer-missing`, `pointer-scale-not-useful` and `channel-closed`. A send decision is followed by exactly one outcome with the same `contextId` and `kind`: `viewport_context.result` (`sent`, `data-channel-send-failed`), logged as soon as the send returns, or `viewport_context.skipped`. Pointer-crop skips are `pointer-not-fresh` (no snapshot, or a stale one), `pointer-not-ground`, `pointer-off-screen`, `pointer-already-requested` (the same snapshot was already sent, is still being captured, or an earlier attempt for it threw), `pointer-expired`, `pointer-pose-unknown` and `pose-changed`; dropped captures are `capture-unavailable`, `session-reset`, `superseded` (a newer request or turn), `channel-lost` and `frame-stale`; a step that throws before an outcome closes the pair with `error`, and the caller then logs `viewport_context.failed`. The `channel-closed` decision and the `channel-closed` and `pointer-scale-not-useful` skip outcomes are defensive and not expected from the current caller. Decision and outcome are separate records, so the debug-log rate limit can drop one half of a pair. Payloads are static codes only, never image data, tool payloads or user text, and other tool results log nothing here. Gemini Live uses a different gate in `geminiSession.js` (no pointer crop, a 1 s throttle), which is not instrumented.
+  - **Visual-context escalation** (OpenAI Realtime): when a response's last tool result is a `get_entity_context` answer, a tool output from that response was sent and the data channel is open, it logs one `viewport_context.decision` with `contextId`, `send` and `reason`, plus `viewScale` (absent only for `channel-closed`) and, when `send` is true, `kind` (`viewport` or `crop`). Decision reasons: `structured-identity-sufficient` (structured context made an image unnecessary), `view-scale-not-local`, `structured-identity-missing` (requests a viewport), `pointer-ground-crop` (a pointer answer with no identity at `local` or `city` scale; requests a crop, and the snapshot checks below confirm the target is ground), `pointer-identity-present`, `pointer-missing`, `pointer-scale-not-useful` and `channel-closed`. A send decision is followed by exactly one outcome with the same `contextId` and `kind`: `viewport_context.result` (`sent`, `data-channel-send-failed`), logged as soon as the send returns, or `viewport_context.skipped`. Pointer-crop skips are `pointer-not-fresh` (no snapshot, or a stale one), `pointer-not-ground`, `pointer-off-screen`, `pointer-already-requested` (the most recently requested snapshot again: already sent, still being captured, or an earlier attempt for it threw), `pointer-expired`, `pointer-pose-unknown` and `pose-changed`; dropped captures are `capture-unavailable`, `session-reset`, `superseded` (a newer request or turn), `channel-lost` and `frame-stale`; a step that throws before an outcome closes the pair with `error`, and the caller then logs `viewport_context.failed`. The `channel-closed` decision and the `channel-closed` and `pointer-scale-not-useful` skip outcomes are defensive and not expected from the current caller; direct calls to the crop or image senders log those skips with a null `contextId`. Decision and outcome are separate records, so the debug-log rate limit can drop one half of a pair. Payloads are static codes only, never image data, tool payloads or user text, and other tool results log nothing here. Gemini Live uses a different gate in `geminiSession.js` (no pointer crop, a 1 s throttle), which is not instrumented.
 - **Counting semantics ("near")** — a CONTRACT; new count-bearing tool work inherits it. Three honest numbers exist for one question: the Contacts cohort (250 km around the subject, what the panel shows), `analyst_query`'s count of _currently-loaded_ records for the requested scope, and the layer-wide loaded total in `coverage.layersQueried[].total`. They diverge legitimately — the flights layer loads by viewport, so after a camera dive the loaded set can hold a fraction of the cohort (field case: panel 42, analyst 8). The contract:
   1. **Contacts ACTIVE** → "near / nearby / how many aircraft" means the **Contacts window** — the panel's numbers, spoken verbatim. Mechanism: `contactsWindow` (`{centeredOn, radiusKm, flights, military, vessels, complete}`), carried by both `analyst_query` and `get_current_view_state`, derived by `contactsWindowFromSnapshot()` from the same snapshot the panel renders so the two cannot drift. Voice filtering and follow-up memory use that immutable snapshot too. A cohort whose feed cannot answer reports `'unknown'`, never a confident zero; a cohort at the 20,000-row retention bound reports a lower bound.
   2. **Contacts OFF** → "nearby" means **in view**; "near \<place\>" means a radius around that place. A radius query with Contacts active and no explicit centre is centred on the **active contact**, not the camera.
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs b/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
index 4ed1c0531..2a90b3795 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
@@ -520,6 +520,15 @@ test('a step that throws still closes its decision, then rethrows', async () =>
         },
       },
     ],
+    [
+      pointerGround(),
+      {
+        readPointer: () => groundSnapshot(),
+        capturePointer: async () => {
+          throw new Error('crop boom');
+        },
+      },
+    ],
   ]) {
     const { viewport, events } = recordingViewport(extra);
     await assert.rejects(viewport.sendVisualContextIfUseful(context), /boom/);
@@ -537,6 +546,39 @@ test('a step that throws still closes its decision, then rethrows', async () =>
   }
 });
 
+test('direct calls log their defensive skips without a decision id', async () => {
+  const open = recordingViewport();
+  assert.equal(
+    await open.viewport.sendPointerCrop(groundSnapshot(), {
+      viewScale: 'global',
+    }),
+    false,
+  );
+  const closed = recordingViewport({ channel: { readyState: 'closed' } });
+  assert.equal(
+    await closed.viewport.sendPointerCrop(groundSnapshot(), {
+      viewScale: 'city',
+    }),
+    false,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    await closed.viewport.sendRetainedImage(
+      async () => 'data:image/jpeg;base64,AA==',
+      'text',
+      'client.viewport_context',
+    ),
+    false,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [...open.events, ...closed.events].map((item) => item.detail),
+    [
+      { contextId: null, kind: 'crop', reason: 'pointer-scale-not-useful' },
+      { contextId: null, kind: 'crop', reason: 'channel-closed' },
+      { contextId: null, kind: 'viewport', reason: 'channel-closed' },
+    ],
+  );
+});
+
 test('a throw after a real send still logs it as sent', async () => {
   let reads = 0;
   const { viewport, events } = recordingViewport({

From fbd74bb80a5a3ab677d9ce16df72a807b7b4b737 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kaj Obst <217931875+Kajjan7610@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Nov 2026 13:31:12 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 071/181] i18n: add Swedish (sv)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Adds a complete Swedish catalog (2,961 messages) and registers sv in the
locale list, catalogs, language picker and package boundaries. Browsers set
to Swedish get it at once; ?lang=sv or the language picker choose it
elsewhere. Numbers and dates come out Swedish from Intl.

- docs/translations/sv.md: style (imperative without a pronoun, closed
  compounds, decimal comma, space before units and %) and the glossary.
- Entries that stay identical to English on purpose (codes such as HDG and
  FOV, product, place and source names) are listed under sv in
  same-as-english.json.
- The picker-order test places Svenska after Português.
- docs/CURRENT-STATE.md and docs/TRANSLATORS.md list the new language.

The translation comes from God's Eye View Sverige, a Swedish fork, and was
brought up to date with main (wildlife sightings, event age filter, traffic
styles and the rest).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md           |    2 +-
 docs/TRANSLATORS.md             |    4 +-
 docs/translations/sv.md         |   84 +
 scripts/package-boundaries.json |   46 +
 src/i18n/index.js               |    2 +
 src/i18n/locale.js              |    2 +
 src/i18n/locales/sv.json        | 3188 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/i18n/same-as-english.json   |  163 ++
 src/ui/localePicker.test.mjs    |    4 +
 9 files changed, 3492 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/translations/sv.md
 create mode 100644 src/i18n/locales/sv.json

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 3bf6b1051..3531e3d0c 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -4285,7 +4285,7 @@ test:track` 43 tracking invariants · headless QA harnesses under
 
 ### Interface localization (October 2026)
 
-Shipped locales: **en** (source and fallback), **ar**, **de**, **es**, **fr**, **it**, **ja**, **pt** (Brazilian Portuguese), **ru**, **uk**, **zh-CN** and **zh-Hant**. The code lives in
+Shipped locales: **en** (source and fallback), **ar**, **de**, **es**, **fr**, **it**, **ja**, **pt** (Brazilian Portuguese), **ru**, **sv**, **uk**, **zh-CN** and **zh-Hant**. The code lives in
 `src/i18n/`. How to mark UI text: [`docs/I18N.md`](./I18N.md); translator workflow:
 [`docs/TRANSLATORS.md`](./TRANSLATORS.md).
 
diff --git a/docs/TRANSLATORS.md b/docs/TRANSLATORS.md
index f83316c7a..36c37b62f 100644
--- a/docs/TRANSLATORS.md
+++ b/docs/TRANSLATORS.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Translating God's Eye View
 
-Shipped languages: **English** (source and fallback), **Arabic** (`ar`), **German** (`de`), **Spanish** (`es`), **French** (`fr`), **Italian** (`it`), **Japanese** (`ja`), **Brazilian Portuguese** (`pt`), **Russian** (`ru`), **Ukrainian** (`uk`), **Simplified Chinese** (`zh-CN`) and **Traditional Chinese** (`zh-Hant`).
+Shipped languages: **English** (source and fallback), **Arabic** (`ar`), **German** (`de`), **Spanish** (`es`), **French** (`fr`), **Italian** (`it`), **Japanese** (`ja`), **Brazilian Portuguese** (`pt`), **Russian** (`ru`), **Ukrainian** (`uk`), **Simplified Chinese** (`zh-CN`), **Traditional Chinese** (`zh-Hant`) and **Swedish** (`sv`).
 
 ## How it works
 
@@ -63,4 +63,4 @@ These are contracts, not copy: layer ids and registry keys, status enums and oth
 
 ## Language notes
 
-Each language keeps its glossary, plural forms, units and style in its own file, `docs/translations/<code>.md`: [Arabic](./translations/ar.md), [German](./translations/de.md), [Spanish](./translations/es.md), [French](./translations/fr.md), [Italian](./translations/it.md), [Japanese](./translations/ja.md), [Brazilian Portuguese](./translations/pt.md), [Russian](./translations/ru.md), [Ukrainian](./translations/uk.md), [Simplified Chinese](./translations/zh-CN.md), [Traditional Chinese](./translations/zh-Hant.md). Read it before translating, and add a term there when you settle on one.
+Each language keeps its glossary, plural forms, units and style in its own file, `docs/translations/<code>.md`: [Arabic](./translations/ar.md), [German](./translations/de.md), [Spanish](./translations/es.md), [French](./translations/fr.md), [Italian](./translations/it.md), [Japanese](./translations/ja.md), [Brazilian Portuguese](./translations/pt.md), [Russian](./translations/ru.md), [Ukrainian](./translations/uk.md), [Simplified Chinese](./translations/zh-CN.md), [Traditional Chinese](./translations/zh-Hant.md), [Swedish](./translations/sv.md). Read it before translating, and add a term there when you settle on one.
diff --git a/docs/translations/sv.md b/docs/translations/sv.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13d557e96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/translations/sv.md
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# Swedish (`sv`)
+
+Catalog: `src/i18n/locales/sv.json`. General rules: [TRANSLATORS.md](../TRANSLATORS.md).
+
+Translation source: [God's Eye View Sverige](https://github.com/Kajjan7610/Gods-view-sweden) by Kaj Obst, November 2026.
+
+## Style
+
+- Standard Swedish as in Swedish software and on Swedish authority sites (SMHI, Trafikverket, Polisen).
+- Actions and hints use the imperative without a pronoun: «Försök igen», «Klicka på en kamera för att aktivera den», «Välj en tagning först», «Tillåt mikrofonen och försök igen». Avoid «du»/«ni»; "your" becomes «egen» or is left out: «Egen RTL-SDR-mottagare», «Stationen ser din IP-adress» only where a person must be addressed.
+- Sentence case, not Title Case: "Live Flights" → «Liveflyg», "Provider Settings" → «Leverantörsinställningar». UPPERCASE English stays UPPERCASE: «LIVEDATA AV», NOT AN ALL-CLEAR → «INTE FARA ÖVER».
+- Compounds are written as one word, with a hyphen after a name, code or abbreviation: «datalager», «väderrutor», «TomTom-nyckel», «AIS-fartyg», «Street View-reserv». Never split a compound with a space.
+- Short labels, chips and HUD readouts stay short; use a standard abbreviation with a period over a wrapped line: RÄCKV., HAST., NEDERB., ÖVR., MEDD., FÖRST., JMF., KAL.
+- The avionics codes HDG, BRG, CRS, DEST, SPD, ALT, GS, TRK, V/S, FOV and SQUAWK stay in English, as in the cockpit. Words in a sentence are translated: heading → «kurs», bearing → «bäring», range → «räckvidd».
+- A dash between clauses is a spaced en dash « – ». Quotes are ”…” (Swedish closing quotes on both sides).
+- Status and waiting messages: «Väntar på uppdatering», «Laddar …». Reasons after a dash stay lower case: «Scenen sparades inte – projektet är större än 5 MiB».
+- A layer named in a sentence takes its panel name in quotes: «Lagret ”Liveflyg” är inte aktiverat».
+- Rolling windows say their length: LAST YEAR → «SENASTE 12 MÅN.», LAST MONTH → «SENASTE 30 DAGARNA».
+- Keyboard keys: Mellanslag, Backsteg, Skift; Esc, Enter, Tab and letter keys stay.
+- Decimal comma in fixed text: «M4,4», «28,2710° N». Thousands separator is a space: «1 000 km». Formatted numbers come from `Intl` and are already Swedish.
+- Units: km, m, km/h, m/s, kn (knop), ft (fot), hPa, MW, h, min, s, d (dygn, in short readouts); in UPPERCASE text KM, KM/H, KN, FT, MIN, H, D. A space between number and unit, also before %: «{value} m», «{count} min», «50 %». `°` sticks to the number.
+- "ago": «för {count} min sedan», short «{count} min sedan». When a placeholder already holds a localized "ago" text (`{age}`, `{ago}`), do not add «sedan» again.
+- Compass points use O for öst and V for väst, as SMHI does: N, NNO, NO, ONO, O, OSO, SO, SSO, S, SSV, SV, VSV, V, VNV, NV, NNV; hemisphere letters N, S, O, V.
+- Routing: «Sväng {direction} in på {road}», «Fortsätt {direction}», «Ta {exit} avfarten» with ordinals «2:a», «3:e».
+
+## Plurals
+
+A `tn()` entry needs two forms. `Intl.PluralRules('sv')` picks:
+
+| Form    | Counts                      | Example     |
+| ------- | --------------------------- | ----------- |
+| `one`   | 1                           | 1 kamera    |
+| `other` | everything else: 0, 2, 1,5… | 3 kameror   |
+
+Abbreviated units and codes do not change: «{count} MEDD.», «{count} HÖRDA».
+
+## Glossary
+
+| English                                        | Svenska                                                         |
+| ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| layer / data layer                             | lager / datalager                                               |
+| feed / source / data source                    | flöde / källa / datakälla                                       |
+| LIVE (status) / live data                      | LIVE / livedata                                                 |
+| SIMULATED                                      | SIMULERAT                                                       |
+| stale / degraded / unavailable                 | inaktuell / begränsad / otillgänglig                            |
+| retry / retrying / retrying slowly             | nytt försök / försöker igen / försöker igen med längre intervall |
+| fallback                                       | reserv                                                          |
+| key (API key) / POWER UP / POWERED UP          | nyckel / KOPPLA PÅ / PÅKOPPLAD                                  |
+| Provider Settings                              | Leverantörsinställningar                                        |
+| ON / OFF (state chips)                         | PÅ / AV                                                         |
+| enable / disable                               | aktivera / inaktivera                                           |
+| globe / map / map source / basemap             | glob / karta / kartkälla / bakgrundskarta                       |
+| aircraft / flight / military flights           | luftfartyg (short labels: flygplan) / flygning / militärflyg    |
+| vessel, ship                                   | fartyg                                                          |
+| satellite / shell (Starlink)                   | satellit / skal                                                 |
+| launch (rocket) / launch site / space mission  | uppskjutning / uppskjutningsplats / rymduppdrag                 |
+| contact / tracking                             | kontakt / följning                                              |
+| installation / site                            | anläggning / plats                                              |
+| camera / CCTV camera                           | kamera / CCTV-kamera                                            |
+| earthquake / active fire / fire perimeter      | jordbävning / aktiv brand / brandgräns                          |
+| cyclone / advisory (NHC) / cone                | cyklon / bulletin / kon                                         |
+| radio station / broadcast FM                   | radiostation / FM-radio                                         |
+| road / traffic flow                            | väg / trafikflöde                                               |
+| transit / bike share                           | kollektivtrafik / hyrcyklar                                     |
+| scene / shot / capture shot / camera move      | scen / tagning / spara tagning / kameraåkning                   |
+| anchor / data pack / bundle                    | ankare / datapaket / paket                                      |
+| briefing / panel / dock                        | genomgång / panel / docka                                       |
+| preset / visual preset                         | förval / visuellt förval                                        |
+| Scope (circular viewport mask) / keyhole       | Scope / nyckelhål                                               |
+| overlay / detection overlay                    | överlägg / detekteringsöverlägg                                 |
+| Clean UI                                       | Rent gränssnitt                                                 |
+| Night vision / Thermal / Snow (styles)         | Mörkerseende / Värmekamera / Snö                                |
+| heading / altitude / ground speed              | kurs / höjd / markfart                                          |
+| RANGE / PITCH / HGT (CCTV calibration chips)   | RÄCKV. / LUTN. / HÖJD                                           |
+| PREV / NEXT / RESUME                           | FÖRRA / NÄSTA / FORTSÄTT                                        |
+| nearest (spatial)                              | närmaste                                                        |
+| expand / collapse                              | fäll ut / fäll ihop                                             |
+| Street Level / Street View (Google)            | Gatunivå / Street View                                          |
+| Recent Imagery                                 | Senaste bilder                                                  |
+| voice (control) / voice session                | röststyrning / röstsession                                      |
+| click / tap / press a key                      | klicka / tryck / tryck på tangenten                             |
+| card / label (on the map) / clear (layers)     | kort / etikett / stäng av                                       |
+| frame (weather, video) / image                 | bildruta / bild                                                 |
+| road condition / incident / roadwork           | väglag / händelse / vägarbete                                   |
diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index e224cd87e..47cb94689 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -640,6 +641,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -688,6 +690,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json"
@@ -729,6 +732,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -772,6 +776,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json"
@@ -799,6 +804,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -829,6 +835,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -866,6 +873,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -915,6 +923,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -942,6 +951,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -1122,6 +1132,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -1311,6 +1322,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -1396,6 +1408,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -1454,6 +1467,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json"
@@ -1526,6 +1540,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json"
@@ -1563,6 +1578,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -1604,6 +1620,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json"
@@ -1642,6 +1659,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -1683,6 +1701,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json"
@@ -1733,6 +1752,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -1780,6 +1800,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -1842,6 +1863,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json"
@@ -1879,6 +1901,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json"
@@ -1936,6 +1959,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json"
@@ -2007,6 +2031,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -2045,6 +2070,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json"
@@ -2094,6 +2120,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json"
@@ -2124,6 +2151,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json"
@@ -2188,6 +2216,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json"
@@ -2266,6 +2295,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -3197,6 +3227,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -3922,6 +3953,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -4098,6 +4130,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -4130,6 +4163,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json"
@@ -4175,6 +4209,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -4213,6 +4248,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -4319,6 +4355,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -4392,6 +4429,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -4672,6 +4710,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -4726,6 +4765,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json"
@@ -4788,6 +4828,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json"
@@ -4812,6 +4853,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -4880,6 +4922,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -4929,6 +4972,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json"
@@ -5127,6 +5171,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
@@ -5173,6 +5218,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
diff --git a/src/i18n/index.js b/src/i18n/index.js
index 8bffca8bc..83172772f 100644
--- a/src/i18n/index.js
+++ b/src/i18n/index.js
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import it from './locales/it.json' with { type: 'json' };
 import ja from './locales/ja.json' with { type: 'json' };
 import pt from './locales/pt.json' with { type: 'json' };
 import ru from './locales/ru.json' with { type: 'json' };
+import sv from './locales/sv.json' with { type: 'json' };
 import uk from './locales/uk.json' with { type: 'json' };
 import zhCN from './locales/zh-CN.json' with { type: 'json' };
 import zhHant from './locales/zh-Hant.json' with { type: 'json' };
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ const CATALOGS = Object.freeze({
   ja,
   pt,
   ru,
+  sv,
   uk,
   'zh-CN': zhCN,
   'zh-Hant': zhHant,
diff --git a/src/i18n/locale.js b/src/i18n/locale.js
index 7356ea8f8..d249d90d6 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locale.js
+++ b/src/i18n/locale.js
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ export const LOCALES = Object.freeze([
   'ja',
   'pt',
   'ru',
+  'sv',
   'uk',
   'zh-CN',
   'zh-Hant',
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ export const LOCALE_NAMES = Object.freeze({
   ja: '日本語',
   pt: 'Português (Brasil)',
   ru: 'Русский',
+  sv: 'Svenska',
   uk: 'Українська',
   'zh-CN': '中文（简体）',
   'zh-Hant': '中文（繁體）',
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/sv.json b/src/i18n/locales/sv.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6921bac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/sv.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3188 @@
+{
+  "Flying to Austin, TX...": "Flyger till Austin, TX …",
+  "Restoring shared view...": "Återställer delad vy …",
+  "Configuring viewer...": "Konfigurerar vyn …",
+  "Loading Google 3D Tiles...": "Laddar Google 3D Tiles …",
+  "Loading the keyless globe...": "Laddar globen utan nyckel …",
+  "Google 3D Tiles unavailable ({detail}). Loading the keyless globe...": "Google 3D Tiles är otillgängligt ({detail}). Laddar globen utan nyckel …",
+  "Initializing systems...": "Initierar system …",
+  "Close data attribution": "Stäng källhänvisningar",
+  "UNAVAILABLE": "OTILLGÄNGLIG",
+  "SOURCE": "KÄLLA",
+  "Overpass rate-limited": "Overpass har nått anropsgränsen",
+  "Overpass timed out": "Overpass svarade inte i tid",
+  "Overpass could not complete the query": "Overpass kunde inte slutföra frågan",
+  "Overpass temporarily unavailable": "Overpass är tillfälligt otillgängligt",
+  "Retrying mapped sites…": "Nytt försök att hämta kartlagda platser …",
+  "Fetching mapped sites…": "Hämtar kartlagda platser …",
+  "{reason} — retrying in {seconds}s": "{reason} – nytt försök om {seconds} s",
+  "{reason} — retry pending": "{reason} – nytt försök väntar",
+  "Zoom in to search mapped installations": "Zooma in för att söka efter kartlagda anläggningar",
+  "Showing cached mapped sites": "Visar kartlagda platser från cachen",
+  "Mapped sites not loaded": "Kartlagda platser har inte laddats",
+  "Mapped sites loaded": "Kartlagda platser har laddats",
+  "feed unavailable": "flödet är otillgängligt",
+  "feed stale": "flödet är inaktuellt",
+  "observed or mapped nearby context": "observerad eller kartlagd kontext i närheten",
+  "no observed or mapped objects in current feeds": "inga observerade eller kartlagda objekt i aktuella flöden",
+  "STATION": "STATION",
+  "Crewed stations and their visiting vehicles": "Bemannade stationer och besökande farkoster",
+  "NAV": "NAV",
+  "GNSS navigation — GPS, GLONASS, Galileo": "GNSS-navigering – GPS, GLONASS, Galileo",
+  "GEO": "GEO",
+  "Geostationary belt — comms and weather, fixed over the equator": "Geostationära bältet – kommunikation och väder, fast över ekvatorn",
+  "VISUAL": "SYNLIGA",
+  "Brightest naked-eye objects — CelesTrak visual group": "Ljusstarkaste objekten för blotta ögat – CelesTraks grupp ”visual”",
+  "COMMS": "KOMM.",
+  "Broadband constellation shell — shown only in DENSE mode": "Skal i bredbandskonstellationen – visas bara i läget TÄT",
+  "FISHING": "FISKE",
+  "TOWING": "BOGSERING",
+  "DREDGER": "MUDDERVERK",
+  "DIVE OPS": "DYKNING",
+  "MILITARY": "MILITÄR",
+  "SAILING": "SEGLING",
+  "PLEASURE": "FRITIDSBÅT",
+  "PILOT": "LOTS",
+  "SAR": "SAR",
+  "TUG": "BOGSERBÅT",
+  "PORT TENDER": "HAMNBÅT",
+  "ANTI-POLLUTION": "MILJÖSKYDD",
+  "LAW ENFORCE": "POLIS",
+  "MEDICAL": "SJUKTRANSPORT",
+  "HIGH-SPEED": "SNABBGÅENDE",
+  "PASSENGER": "PASSAGERARE",
+  "CARGO": "LASTFARTYG",
+  "TANKER": "TANKFARTYG",
+  "OTHER": "ÖVRIGT",
+  "ENVIRONMENTAL": "MILJÖ",
+  "EARTH WATCH": "JORDBEVAKNING",
+  "ACTIVE EVENTS": "AKTIVA HÄNDELSER",
+  "Starting live contacts…": "Startar livekontakter …",
+  "Opening space missions…": "Öppnar rymduppdrag …",
+  "Scanning active events…": "Söker efter aktiva händelser …",
+  "Live earthquakes and active fires, from USGS and NASA": "Jordbävningar och aktiva bränder i realtid, från USGS och NASA",
+  "It feels like a forbidden cockpit—then you realize the sources are public and the data is real.": "Det känns som en förbjuden cockpit – tills man inser att källorna är offentliga och att datan är äkta.",
+  "Working…": "Arbetar …",
+  "Could not open that mission{detail}. Retry or explore manually.": "Det gick inte att öppna uppdraget{detail}. Försök igen eller utforska manuellt.",
+  "This browser is blocking storage, so that could not be saved.": "Webbläsaren blockerar lagring, så det gick inte att spara.",
+  "CRT": "CRT",
+  "NVG": "NVG",
+  "FLIR": "FLIR",
+  "SNOW": "SNÖ",
+  "LOADING": "LADDAR",
+  "DEGRADED": "BEGRÄNSAD",
+  "STALE": "INAKTUELL",
+  "PARTIAL": "DELVIS",
+  "FALLBACK": "RESERV",
+  "SUMMARY": "SAMMANFATTNING",
+  "Awaiting telemetry...": "Väntar på telemetri …",
+  "REC": "REC",
+  "AIS: --": "AIS: --",
+  "POWER UP · {count} KEYS WAITING": {
+    "one": "KOPPLA PÅ · {count} NYCKEL VÄNTAR",
+    "other": "KOPPLA PÅ · {count} NYCKLAR VÄNTAR"
+  },
+  "POWERED UP": "PÅKOPPLAD",
+  "Save failed ({status}).": "Det gick inte att spara ({status}).",
+  "REMOVE": "TA BORT",
+  "Remove {title} from this app's saved keys": "Ta bort {title} från appens sparade nycklar",
+  "your app configuration": "appens konfiguration",
+  "your local .env": "den lokala .env-filen",
+  "Saving…": "Sparar …",
+  "Save failed: {detail}": "Det gick inte att spara: {detail}",
+  "Paste at least one key first.": "Klistra in minst en nyckel först.",
+  "Saved to {store}. Restarting — this page reloads itself.": "Sparat i {store}. Startar om – sidan laddas om automatiskt.",
+  "Remove this key from your saved configuration?": "Ta bort nyckeln från den sparade konfigurationen?",
+  "Removed from {store}. Restarting — this page reloads itself.": "Borttaget från {store}. Startar om – sidan laddas om automatiskt.",
+  "Places context + Street View fallback; optional separate key": "Places-kontext + Street View-reserv; valfri separat nyckel",
+  "Live ships, worldwide": "Fartyg i realtid, över hela världen",
+  "Live active-fire detections": "Detekterade aktiva bränder i realtid",
+  "Real live traffic (keyless runs a simulation)": "Verklig trafik i realtid (utan nyckel körs en simulering)",
+  "Bing imagery map stacks + world terrain": "Kartuppsättningar med Bing-bilder + global terräng",
+  "More flight-polling credits (anonymous works without)": "Fler anropskrediter för flygdata (fungerar även anonymt)",
+  "CONTEXT READY": "KONTEXT REDO",
+  "GLOBAL CONTEXT OFF": "GLOBAL KONTEXT AV",
+  "SELECT A FLIGHT, VESSEL, OR MAPPED INSTALLATION": "VÄLJ EN FLYGNING, ETT FARTYG ELLER EN KARTLAGD ANLÄGGNING",
+  "ENABLE TO LOAD OBSERVED / MAPPED PROXIMITY": "AKTIVERA FÖR ATT LADDA OBSERVERADE / KARTLAGDA OBJEKT I NÄRHETEN",
+  "Unavailable": "Otillgänglig",
+  "Focus {label}": "Fokusera på {label}",
+  "Global Context navigation": "Navigering i Global kontext",
+  "Previous — prior visited contact in the 250 km window": "Förra – senast besökta kontakt inom 250 km",
+  "PREVIOUS": "FÖRRA",
+  "FOCUS": "FOKUS",
+  "Next — nearest unvisited contact in the 250 km window": "Nästa – närmaste obesökta kontakt inom 250 km",
+  "NEXT": "NÄSTA",
+  "Open-source mapped/observed context. Missing broadcasts, unloaded map areas, or unmapped sites are not evidence of absence.": "Kartlagd/observerad kontext från öppna källor. Uteblivna sändningar, kartområden som inte har laddats eller platser som inte är kartlagda bevisar inte att något saknas.",
+  "HDG {value}°": "HDG {value}°",
+  "BRG {value}°": "BRG {value}°",
+  "BRG —": "BRG —",
+  "CRS {value}°": "CRS {value}°",
+  "CURRENT VIEWPORT ONLY": "ENDAST AKTUELL VY",
+  "WITHIN {km} KM": "INOM {km} KM",
+  "Flights": "Flygningar",
+  "Military flights": "Militärflyg",
+  "AIS vessels": "AIS-fartyg",
+  "Mapped installations": "Kartlagda anläggningar",
+  "syncing {count} city feeds...": "synkar {count} stadsflöden …",
+  "scanning nearby systems...": "söker efter system i närheten …",
+  "Station {id}": "Station {id}",
+  "Station": "Station",
+  "🚲 {bikes} avail · {docks} docks · {capacity} cap": "🚲 {bikes} lediga · {docks} platser · {capacity} kap.",
+  "⚠️ Not installed": "⚠️ Inte installerad",
+  "⚠️ Not renting": "⚠️ Ingen uthyrning",
+  "⚠️ Not returning": "⚠️ Ingen återlämning",
+  "HDG {value}° (ESTIMATED)": "HDG {value}° (UPPSKATTAD)",
+  "{count} CAMERAS STANDING BY · NO CAMERA SELECTED · CLICK A CAMERA TO ACTIVATE": "{count} KAMEROR I BEREDSKAP · INGEN KAMERA VALD · KLICKA PÅ EN KAMERA FÖR ATT AKTIVERA DEN",
+  "No cameras available in catalog.": "Inga kameror finns i katalogen.",
+  "{city} CCTV": "CCTV {city}",
+  "FOV {value}°": "FOV {value}°",
+  "COVERAGE {value}km²": "TÄCKNING {value} km²",
+  "OVERLAP {count} cams": "ÖVERLAPP {count} kam.",
+  "ISOLATED VIEW": "ISOLERAD VY",
+  "PROJ MONITOR": "PROJ. SKÄRM",
+  "PROJ OFF": "PROJ. AV",
+  "VIEWSHED": "SIKTOMRÅDE",
+  "CAL {value}": "KAL. {value}",
+  "SRC {value}": "KÄLLA {value}",
+  "{value} CONTEXT": "KONTEXT {value}",
+  "Focus fire detection {title}, {details}": "Fokusera på branddetektering {title}, {details}",
+  "{value} conf": "{value} säkerhet",
+  "{value} ago": "{value} sedan",
+  "sensor n/a": "sensor saknas",
+  "FIRE · {frp} MW": "BRAND · {frp} MW",
+  "NIGHT": "NATT",
+  "▲ {frp} MW": "▲ {frp} MW",
+  "FIRE": "BRAND",
+  "max {value} MW": "max. {value} MW",
+  "new {value}": "senast {value} sedan",
+  "just now": "nyss",
+  "<1m ago": "<1 min sedan",
+  "{count}m ago": "{count} min sedan",
+  "{count}h ago": "{count} h sedan",
+  "STALE · cached {age}": "INAKTUELL · cachad {age}",
+  "refreshing...": "uppdaterar …",
+  "loading...": "laddar …",
+  "KEY REQUIRED": "NYCKEL KRÄVS",
+  "LIVE · updated {age}": "LIVE · uppdaterad {age}",
+  "loading mapped installation context": "laddar kontext för kartlagd anläggning",
+  "MAPPED INSTALLATION": "KARTLAGD ANLÄGGNING",
+  "LAUNCH SITE · {site}": "UPPSKJUTNINGSPLATS · {site}",
+  "LAUNCH SITE": "UPPSKJUTNINGSPLATS",
+  "T−{time} · {mission}": "T−{time} · {mission}",
+  "LAUNCH STANDBY": "VÄNTAR PÅ START",
+  "LIFTOFF · {mission}": "LYFT · {mission}",
+  "ASCENT REPLAY · {mission}": "UPPSPELNING AV UPPSTIGNING · {mission}",
+  "ASCENT ESTIMATE · {mission}": "UPPSKATTAD UPPSTIGNING · {mission}",
+  "STAGE RE-ENTRY / RECOVERY · {mission}": "ÅTERINTRÄDE / BÄRGNING AV STEG · {mission}",
+  "ORBIT REPLAY · {mission}": "UPPSPELNING AV OMLOPPSBANA · {mission}",
+  "PAUSED · {title}": "PAUSAD · {title}",
+  "UNSPECIFIED": "EJ ANGIVET",
+  "+{count} additional payload records": "+{count} ytterligare nyttolastposter",
+  "PAYLOAD DATA UNAVAILABLE": "NYTTOLASTDATA SAKNAS",
+  "{value} KM DOWNRANGE": "{value} KM MARKAVSTÅND",
+  "POSITION UNAVAILABLE": "POSITION SAKNAS",
+  "FLIGHT {count}": "FLYGNING {count}",
+  "REUSED": "ÅTERANVÄND",
+  "NO STAGE RE-ENTRY / RECOVERY DATA": "INGA DATA OM ÅTERINTRÄDE / BÄRGNING AV STEG",
+  "{count} / 30D": "{count} / 30 D",
+  "NO MISSIONS AVAILABLE IN THE CURRENT 30-DAY WINDOW": "INGA UPPDRAG I AKTUELLT 30-DAGARSFÖNSTER",
+  "DATE UNAVAILABLE": "DATUM SAKNAS",
+  "UNSPECIFIED OPERATOR": "OPERATÖR EJ ANGIVEN",
+  "Select {mission}": "Välj {mission}",
+  "{value} KM": "{value} KM",
+  "{value} KM/S": "{value} KM/S",
+  "SELECTED SPACE MISSION": "VALT RYMDUPPDRAG",
+  "Show all missions": "Visa alla uppdrag",
+  "Deselect mission": "Avmarkera uppdrag",
+  "MISSION": "UPPDRAG",
+  "STATUS · ": "STATUS · ",
+  "LAUNCH SITE · ": "UPPSKJUTNINGSPLATS · ",
+  "LAUNCH TIME · ": "UPPSKJUTNINGSTID · ",
+  "ORBIT · ": "OMLOPPSBANA · ",
+  "ASCENT PATH · ": "UPPSTIGNINGSBANA · ",
+  "CURRENT DISTANCE FROM EARTH · ": "AKTUELLT AVSTÅND FRÅN JORDEN · ",
+  "SATELLITE SPEED · ": "SATELLITHASTIGHET · ",
+  "PAYLOAD": "NYTTOLAST",
+  "NAME": "NAMN",
+  "TYPE": "TYP",
+  "DESTINATION": "DESTINATION",
+  "STAGE / RE-ENTRY / RECOVERY": "STEG / ÅTERINTRÄDE / BÄRGNING",
+  "STAGE": "STEG",
+  "STATUS": "STATUS",
+  "FINAL POSITION": "SLUTPOSITION",
+  "REPLAY SPEED": "UPPSPELNINGSHAST.",
+  "Replay speed multiplier": "Faktor för uppspelningshastighet",
+  "REPLAY ASCENT": "SPELA UPP STARTEN",
+  "Previous mission": "Föregående uppdrag",
+  "PREV": "FÖRRA",
+  "Next mission": "Nästa uppdrag",
+  "SHOW ALL / DESELECT": "VISA ALLA / AVMARKERA",
+  "Pause replay": "Pausa uppspelningen",
+  "Cancel replay": "Avbryt uppspelningen",
+  "EST. DOWNRANGE": "UPPSK. MARKAVSTÅND",
+  "PLANNED · ": "PLANERAD · ",
+  "SUPPLIED TRAJECTORY POINTS": "LEVERERADE BANPUNKTER",
+  "RECONSTRUCTED ESTIMATE": "REKONSTRUERAD UPPSKATTNING",
+  "Replay the estimated ascent with a following camera": "Spela upp den uppskattade uppstigningen med en medföljande kamera",
+  "Resume replay": "Återuppta uppspelningen",
+  "T minus {seconds}": "T minus {seconds}",
+  "Preparing launch site": "Förbereder uppskjutningsplatsen",
+  "Liftoff": "Lyft",
+  "Ascent replay": "Uppspelning av uppstigning",
+  "Orbit replay": "Uppspelning av omloppsbana",
+  ", paused": ", pausad",
+  "Alt unknown": "Höjd okänd",
+  "Type unknown": "Typ okänd",
+  "Reg unknown": "Reg. okänd",
+  "Operator unknown": "Operatör okänd",
+  "News": "Nyheter",
+  "Talk": "Prat",
+  "Weather / Emergency": "Väder / Nödläge",
+  "Public Safety": "Blåljus",
+  "Aviation / Marine": "Flyg / Sjöfart",
+  "Traffic / Transit": "Trafik / Kollektivtrafik",
+  "Music": "Musik",
+  "Other": "Övrigt",
+  "radio|TALK": "PRAT",
+  "radio|SAFETY": "BLÅLJUS",
+  "radio|AIR / SEA": "FLYG / SJÖ",
+  "radio|TRANSIT": "TRAFIK",
+  "radio|MUSIC": "MUSIK",
+  "Alternative": "Alternativ",
+  "Ambient": "Ambient",
+  "Blues": "Blues",
+  "Classical": "Klassiskt",
+  "Country": "Country",
+  "Dance": "Dance",
+  "Electronic": "Elektroniskt",
+  "Folk": "Folk",
+  "Funk": "Funk",
+  "Hip-Hop": "Hiphop",
+  "House": "House",
+  "Indie": "Indie",
+  "Jazz": "Jazz",
+  "Latin": "Latin",
+  "Metal": "Metal",
+  "Oldies": "Oldies",
+  "Pop": "Pop",
+  "Punk": "Punk",
+  "R&B": "R&B",
+  "Reggae": "Reggae",
+  "Rock": "Rock",
+  "Soul": "Soul",
+  "Techno": "Techno",
+  "Trance": "Trance",
+  "World": "Världsmusik",
+  "Add the full Starlink broadband shell (thousands of extra points)": "Lägg till hela Starlinks bredbandsskal (tusentals extra punkter)",
+  "Loading the Starlink shell…": "Laddar Starlink-skalet …",
+  "Starlink {detail} — click to retry": "Starlink: {detail} – klicka för att försöka igen",
+  "load failed": "laddningen misslyckades",
+  "Showing the full Starlink shell — click for the core catalog only": "Visar hela Starlink-skalet – klicka för att bara visa kärnkatalogen",
+  "DENSE ···": "TÄT ···",
+  "DENSE ✕": "TÄT ✕",
+  "DENSE": "TÄT",
+  "Syncing flow · Roads: {source}": "Synkar trafikflöde · Vägar: {source}",
+  "LIVE · Roads: {source} · Roads without flow hidden": "LIVE · Vägar: {source} · Vägar utan flöde dolda",
+  "LIVE · Roads: {source} · No flow roads in view": "LIVE · Vägar: {source} · Inga vägar med flöde i vyn",
+  "LIVE · Roads: {source} · Flow {percent}%": "LIVE · Vägar: {source} · Flöde {percent} %",
+  "SIMULATED · Roads: {source} · Flow {percent}%": "SIMULERAT · Vägar: {source} · Flöde {percent} %",
+  "Syncing flow · Roads: OpenStreetMap · Flow: TomTom · Unmatched: simulated": "Synkar trafikflöde · Vägar: OpenStreetMap · Flöde: TomTom · Utan matchning: simulerat",
+  "LIVE · Roads: OpenStreetMap · Flow: TomTom · {percent}% cov · Unmatched: simulated": "LIVE · Vägar: OpenStreetMap · Flöde: TomTom · {percent} % täckn. · Utan matchning: simulerat",
+  "LIVE · Roads: OpenStreetMap · Flow: TomTom · {percent}% cov": "LIVE · Vägar: OpenStreetMap · Flöde: TomTom · {percent} % täckn.",
+  "SIMULATED · Roads: OpenStreetMap · Flow: TomTom (no matches)": "SIMULERAT · Vägar: OpenStreetMap · Flöde: TomTom (inga träffar)",
+  "SIMULATED — traffic service unreachable": "SIMULERAT – trafiktjänsten kan inte nås",
+  "SIMULATED — add TomTom key for live": "SIMULERAT – lägg till TomTom-nyckel för livedata",
+  "AIS: {name}": "AIS: {name}",
+  "{type}  SPD: {speed}  HDG: {heading}": "{type}  SPD: {speed}  HDG: {heading}",
+  "VESSEL": "FARTYG",
+  "POS: LIVE": "POS: LIVE",
+  "POS: {time}Z": "POS: {time}Z",
+  "awaiting first AIS position…": "väntar på första AIS-positionen …",
+  "awaiting usable AIS positions…": "väntar på användbara AIS-positioner …",
+  "awaiting first AIS message…": "väntar på första AIS-meddelandet …",
+  "Resume": "Fortsätt",
+  "Pause": "Pausa",
+  "Error: {message}": "Fel: {message}",
+  "Needs {envVars} — add it in Provider Settings": "Kräver {envVars} – lägg till den i Leverantörsinställningar",
+  "{label} is unavailable": "{label} är otillgänglig",
+  "This map stack": "Den här kartuppsättningen",
+  "{label} unavailable: {hint}": "{label} otillgänglig: {hint}",
+  "Visible map targets": "Synliga kartmål",
+  "Ready": "Redo",
+  "Loaded: {scene} / {shot}": "Laddat: {scene} / {shot}",
+  "Cannot capture shot: camera not ready": "Kan inte spara tagning: kameran är inte redo",
+  "Captured: {scene} / {shot}": "Sparat: {scene} / {shot}",
+  "Select a shot first": "Välj en tagning först",
+  "Updated: {scene} / {shot}": "Uppdaterat: {scene} / {shot}",
+  "Camera unavailable — exit cockpit first": "Kameran är otillgänglig – lämna cockpit först",
+  "No shots to run": "Inga tagningar att köra",
+  "Project exported": "Projektet har exporterats",
+  "Could not exit {mode} — scene layers may be refused": "Kunde inte lämna {mode} – scenens lager kan nekas",
+  "Running {index}/{total}: {scene} / {shot}": "Kör {index}/{total}: {scene} / {shot}",
+  "Scene run complete": "Scenkörningen är klar",
+  "Global Flights Radar": "Global flygradar",
+  "Orbital Watch": "Omloppsbevakning",
+  "Thermal Threat Board": "Termisk hotbild",
+  "City Overload": "Överbelastad stad",
+  "Omniscience Pullback": "Allseende utzoomning",
+  "Shot {n}": "Tagning {n}",
+  "Density": "Täthet",
+  "Bloom": "Bloom",
+  "VISUAL PRESETS": "VISUELLA FÖRVAL",
+  "LOCATION": "PLATS",
+  "CONTACTS — nearest planes · vessels · sites": "KONTAKTER – närmaste flygplan · fartyg · platser",
+  "SPACE MISSIONS — launches & orbital assets": "RYMDUPPDRAG – uppskjutningar och objekt i omloppsbana",
+  "LIVE SIGNALS": "LIVESIGNALER",
+  "Contacts could not complete the requested transition; try again": "Läget ”Kontakter” kunde inte slutföra övergången – försök igen",
+  "CCTV layer unavailable": "CCTV-lagret är otillgängligt",
+  "Link copied!": "Länken har kopierats!",
+  "Copy failed": "Kunde inte kopiera",
+  "CCTV calibration saved": "CCTV-kalibreringen sparades",
+  "CCTV calibration reset": "CCTV-kalibreringen återställdes",
+  "ADJUST ON": "JUSTERA PÅ",
+  "ADJUST": "JUSTERA",
+  "UNKNOWN": "OKÄND",
+  "ERROR": "FEL",
+  "SOURCE · UNKNOWN": "KÄLLA · OKÄND",
+  "FRAME · LOADING": "BILDRUTA · LADDAR",
+  "FRAME · UNAVAILABLE": "BILDRUTA · OTILLGÄNGLIG",
+  "CALIBRATED": "KALIBRERAD",
+  "CURATED": "GRANSKAD",
+  "RAW PRIOR": "RÅ UPPSKATTNING",
+  "CCTV ON": "CCTV PÅ",
+  "CCTV OFF": "CCTV AV",
+  "VIEWSHED ON": "SIKTOMRÅDE PÅ",
+  "COVERAGE ON": "TÄCKNING PÅ",
+  "COVERAGE OFF": "TÄCKNING AV",
+  "AUTO HOP ON": "AUTOBYTE PÅ",
+  "AUTO HOP OFF": "AUTOBYTE AV",
+  "PROJECTION ON": "PROJEKTION PÅ",
+  "PROJECTION OFF": "PROJEKTION AV",
+  "CAL · EDITED (UNSAVED)": "KAL. · ÄNDRAD (EJ SPARAD)",
+  "CAL · {badge}": "KAL. · {badge}",
+  "MONITOR": "SKÄRM",
+  "OFF": "AV",
+  "{city} · HDG {heading} · FOV {fov} · RANGE {range}m · {projection}{calBadge} · {provider}{status}": "{city} · HDG {heading} · FOV {fov} · RÄCKV. {range} m · {projection}{calBadge} · {provider}{status}",
+  "{count} cameras loaded · click a camera to activate": {
+    "one": "{count} kamera laddad · klicka på en kamera för att aktivera den",
+    "other": "{count} kameror laddade · klicka på en kamera för att aktivera den"
+  },
+  "{count} cameras loaded · enable CCTV to activate": {
+    "one": "{count} kamera laddad · aktivera CCTV för att använda den",
+    "other": "{count} kameror laddade · aktivera CCTV för att använda dem"
+  },
+  "{count} more cameras outside this view · pan or zoom out": {
+    "one": "{count} kamera till utanför vyn · panorera eller zooma ut",
+    "other": "{count} kameror till utanför vyn · panorera eller zooma ut"
+  },
+  "Enable CCTV to load camera intersections": "Aktivera CCTV för att ladda korsningar med kameror",
+  "Enable CCTV to start camera-linked intelligence summaries.": "Aktivera CCTV för att starta kamerakopplade lägessammanfattningar.",
+  "No summary available.": "Ingen sammanfattning tillgänglig.",
+  "loading frames": "laddar bildrutor",
+  "camera grid ready": "kamerarutnätet är redo",
+  "Clearing selected data layers": "Stänger av valda datalager",
+  "Clear selected data layers": "Stäng av valda datalager",
+  "CONDITIONS UNKNOWN": "VÄDER OKÄNT",
+  "CLEAR": "KLART",
+  "PARTLY CLOUDY": "HALVKLART",
+  "OVERCAST": "MULET",
+  "FOG": "DIMMA",
+  "DRIZZLE": "DUGGREGN",
+  "RAIN": "REGN",
+  "RAIN SHOWERS": "REGNSKURAR",
+  "SNOW SHOWERS": "SNÖBYAR",
+  "THUNDERSTORM": "ÅSKA",
+  "MIXED CONDITIONS": "VÄXLANDE VÄDER",
+  "CYCLE ON": "VÄXLING PÅ",
+  "CYCLE OFF": "VÄXLING AV",
+  "Stop automatic page cycling. Previous, Next, and the SIG/NEWS/LOCAL tabs stay available.": "Stoppa automatisk sidväxling. Förra, Nästa och flikarna SIG/NYHETER/LOKALT finns kvar.",
+  "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "Växla genomgångens sidor automatiskt var 9:e sekund (Signaler → Nyheter → Lokalt). Pausar när pekaren är över panelen eller när den har fokus. Livesignaldata uppdateras löpande i båda fallen.",
+  "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "HÄMTAR REGIONALA NYHETER",
+  "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "REGIONALA NYHETER OTILLGÄNGLIGA",
+  "RESOLVING REGION": "FASTSTÄLLER REGION",
+  "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "REGION OTILLGÄNGLIG",
+  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "INGA AKTUELLA PLATSTRÄFFAR",
+  "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
+  "CLOUD {pct}%": "MOLN {pct} %",
+  "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "MOLN OKÄNT",
+  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · PLATSSÖKNING",
+  "REGIONAL NEWS": "REGIONALA NYHETER",
+  "CONTEXT STANDBY": "KONTEXT I VÄNTLÄGE",
+  "ENABLE GLOBAL CONTEXT FOR PROXIMITY PINGS": "AKTIVERA GLOBAL KONTEXT FÖR NÄRHETSPINGAR",
+  "CONTACT LOST · LAST KNOWN READOUT · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "KONTAKT FÖRLORAD · SENAST KÄNDA VÄRDEN · INTE FARA ÖVER",
+  "CONTACT LOST · {subject}": "KONTAKT FÖRLORAD · {subject}",
+  "SUBJECT LEFT ITS FEED · READOUT HOLDING LAST KNOWN": "OBJEKTET HAR LÄMNAT FLÖDET · VISAR SENAST KÄNDA VÄRDEN",
+  "{cohort} · {contact}": "{cohort} · {contact}",
+  "NO AVAILABLE EXAMPLE": "INGET EXEMPEL TILLGÄNGLIGT",
+  "{cohort}, Unavailable": "{cohort}, otillgänglig",
+  "AHEAD": "RAKT FRAM",
+  "{side} {angle}": "{side} {angle}",
+  "L": "V",
+  "R": "H",
+  "{count} INPUTS UNKNOWN · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": {
+    "one": "{count} KÄLLA OKÄND · INTE FARA ÖVER",
+    "other": "{count} KÄLLOR OKÄNDA · INTE FARA ÖVER"
+  },
+  "AVAILABLE INPUTS CURRENT · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "TILLGÄNGLIGA KÄLLOR AKTUELLA · INTE FARA ÖVER",
+  "AIRCRAFT": "FLYGPLAN",
+  "ACQUIRING SURFACE": "HÄMTAR MARKYTA",
+  "SURFACE FALLBACK": "RESERVMARKYTA",
+  "STALE FEED": "INAKTUELLT FLÖDE",
+  "LIVE TRACK": "LIVESPÅR",
+  "COMMERCIAL": "CIVIL",
+  "{aircraftClass} · {feedState} · COURSE ALIGNED": "{aircraftClass} · {feedState} · I KURSRIKTNING",
+  "ARROW · ESTIMATED DIRECTION": "PIL · UPPSKATTAD RIKTNING",
+  "ROUTE DATA UNAVAILABLE": "RUTTDATA SAKNAS",
+  "DEST {bearing}": "DEST {bearing}",
+  "Disable cockpit weather effects": "Inaktivera vädereffekter i cockpit",
+  "Enable cockpit weather effects": "Aktivera vädereffekter i cockpit",
+  "ON": "PÅ",
+  "Normal": "Normal",
+  "Night vision": "Mörkerseende",
+  "Thermal": "Värmekamera",
+  "Anime": "Anime",
+  "Noir": "Noir",
+  "Current cockpit vision style: {style}. Activate for next style.": "Aktuell visningsstil i cockpit: {style}. Aktivera för nästa stil.",
+  "Current style: {style} — click for next": "Aktuell stil: {style} – klicka för nästa",
+  "Collapse Contact panel": "Fäll ihop kontaktpanelen",
+  "Expand Contact panel": "Fäll ut kontaktpanelen",
+  "Collapse contact panel": "Fäll ihop kontaktpanelen",
+  "Expand contact panel": "Fäll ut kontaktpanelen",
+  "Collapse cockpit briefing panel": "Fäll ihop cockpitens genomgångspanel",
+  "Expand cockpit briefing panel": "Fäll ut cockpitens genomgångspanel",
+  "Collapse briefing panel": "Fäll ihop genomgångspanelen",
+  "Expand briefing panel": "Fäll ut genomgångspanelen",
+  "OBSERVED / MAPPED PINGS": "OBSERVERADE / KARTLAGDA PINGAR",
+  "SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS": "KÄLLBELAGDA HÄNDELSER · INGA SYNTETISKA NYHETER",
+  "LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING": "SENASTE PLATSMATCHADE RAPPORTERING",
+  "LOCAL INFO": "LOKAL INFO",
+  "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "PLATS / VÄDER / POSITION",
+  "TIME UNKNOWN": "TID OKÄND",
+  "{count}M AGO": "{count} MIN SEDAN",
+  "{count}H AGO": "{count} H SEDAN",
+  "{count}D AGO": "{count} D SEDAN",
+  "DIR UNKNOWN": "RIKTN. OKÄND",
+  "Select flight {title}": "Välj flygning {title}",
+  "{aircraftClass} · CURRENT": "{aircraftClass} · AKTUELL",
+  "MILITARY FLIGHT": "MILITÄRFLYG",
+  "COMMERCIAL FLIGHT": "CIVILFLYG",
+  "{aircraftClass} · {distance}": "{aircraftClass} · {distance}",
+  "DISTANCE UNKNOWN": "AVSTÅND OKÄNT",
+  "{count} INPUTS UNKNOWN": {
+    "one": "{count} KÄLLA OKÄND",
+    "other": "{count} KÄLLOR OKÄNDA"
+  },
+  "SOURCE STATUS UNAVAILABLE": "KÄLLSTATUS OTILLGÄNGLIG",
+  "Restore real aircraft": "Återställ verkligt flygplan",
+  "Reclassify as TR-3B": "Klassa om som TR-3B",
+  "TRACK ACQUIRED": "SPÅR LÅST",
+  "{label} · COURSE {heading}°": "{label} · KURS {heading}°",
+  "Context could not restore every layer; try again": "Läget ”Kontext” kunde inte återställa alla lager – försök igen",
+  "No selected data layers": "Inga valda datalager",
+  "{count} data layers could not be cleared": {
+    "one": "{count} datalager kunde inte stängas av",
+    "other": "{count} datalager kunde inte stängas av"
+  },
+  "Cleared {count} data layers": {
+    "one": "Stängde av {count} datalager",
+    "other": "Stängde av {count} datalager"
+  },
+  "Selected data layers could not be cleared": "De valda datalagren kunde inte stängas av",
+  "Space Missions could not complete the requested transition; try again": "Läget ”Rymduppdrag” kunde inte slutföra övergången – försök igen",
+  "Nearby installations refreshed": "Anläggningar i närheten har uppdaterats",
+  "Nearby installations could not be refreshed; try again": "Det gick inte att uppdatera anläggningar i närheten – försök igen",
+  "Space Missions cancellation could not restore the previous layer state": "Lagrens tidigare läge kunde inte återställas när ”Rymduppdrag” avbröts",
+  "That layer is unavailable in the current Context mode": "Lagret är otillgängligt i det aktuella läget ”Kontext”",
+  "{layerId} could not {action} cleanly": "{layerId} kunde inte {action} korrekt",
+  "start": "startas",
+  "stop": "stoppas",
+  "{mode} could not start because another layer did not stop cleanly": "{mode} kunde inte startas eftersom ett annat lager inte stoppades korrekt",
+  "Space Missions": "Rymduppdrag",
+  "Context": "Kontext",
+  "Live Flights": "Liveflyg",
+  "Military Flights": "Militärflyg",
+  "Earthquakes (24h)": "Jordbävningar (24 h)",
+  "Satellites": "Satelliter",
+  "Space Missions (30d)": "Rymduppdrag (30 d)",
+  "Street Traffic": "Gatutrafik",
+  "CCTV": "CCTV",
+  "Radio": "Radio",
+  "Bikeshare": "Hyrcyklar",
+  "Live AIS Vessels": "AIS-fartyg live",
+  "Mapped Installations": "Kartlagda anläggningar",
+  "Global Context": "Global kontext",
+  "Datacenters": "Datacenter",
+  "Dams": "Dammar",
+  "Submarine Cables": "Sjökablar",
+  "FIRMS Active Fires": "Aktiva bränder (FIRMS)",
+  "ENABLING": "AKTIVERAR",
+  "DISABLING": "INAKTIVERAR",
+  "{state} · {source}": "{state} · {source}",
+  "UNCERTAIN · {source} · lifecycle state requires reconciliation": "OSÄKER · {source} · livscykelstatus behöver stämmas av",
+  "{state} · {source} · {detail} · retry {seconds}s": "{state} · {source} · {detail} · nytt försök om {seconds} s",
+  "{state} · {source} · {detail}": "{state} · {source} · {detail}",
+  "never": "aldrig",
+  "{source} · {loadingLabel}": "{source} · {loadingLabel}",
+  "{accepted} of {raw} records accepted": "{accepted} av {raw} poster godtogs",
+  "incomplete snapshot": "ofullständig ögonblicksbild",
+  "{state} · {source} · {detail} · {ago}": "{state} · {source} · {detail} · {ago}",
+  "{state} · {source} · {ago} · retrying in {seconds}s": "{state} · {source} · {ago} · nytt försök om {seconds} s",
+  "{state} · {source} · {ago}": "{state} · {source} · {ago}",
+  "{source} · {ago}": "{source} · {ago}",
+  "UNCERTAIN": "OKLART",
+  "{name}: {state}": "{name}: {state}",
+  "{count}s ago": "{count} s sedan",
+  "CONNECTING": "ANSLUTER",
+  "📍 Location: --": "📍 Plats: --",
+  "Landmark: --": "Landmärke: --",
+  "Searched location": "Sökt plats",
+  "ORBIT": "KRETSAR",
+  "Location not found": "Platsen hittades inte",
+  "Search failed": "Sökningen misslyckades",
+  "Fly to a POI first": "Flyg till en intressepunkt först",
+  "Reset to full globe view": "Återställ till vy över hela globen",
+  "Reset cockpit to full globe view": "Återställ cockpit till vy över hela globen",
+  "Resetting to full globe view": "Återställer till vy över hela globen",
+  "Resetting cockpit to full globe view": "Återställer cockpit till vy över hela globen",
+  "MAP": "KARTA",
+  "panel": "panelen",
+  "Expand {name}": "Fäll ut {name}",
+  "Collapse {name}": "Fäll ihop {name}",
+  "Expand Radio": "Fäll ut Radio",
+  "Collapse Radio": "Fäll ihop Radio",
+  "Expand Radio section": "Fäll ut radiosektionen",
+  "Collapse Radio section": "Fäll ihop radiosektionen",
+  "Panel layout updated — positions reset to new defaults": "Panellayouten har uppdaterats – positionerna har återställts till nya standardvärden",
+  "Collapse Cockpit display options": "Fäll ihop cockpitens visningsalternativ",
+  "Expand Cockpit display options": "Fäll ut cockpitens visningsalternativ",
+  "Collapse Cockpit Radio controls": "Fäll ihop cockpitens radioreglage",
+  "Expand Cockpit Radio controls": "Fäll ut cockpitens radioreglage",
+  "NO STATIONS": "INGA STATIONER",
+  "NO STATION AVAILABLE": "INGEN STATION TILLGÄNGLIG",
+  "{name}, station {index} of {total}": "{name}, station {index} av {total}",
+  "No station available": "Ingen station tillgänglig",
+  "OFF AIR": "SÄNDER INTE",
+  "STATION UNAVAILABLE": "STATION OTILLGÄNGLIG",
+  "Radio could not {action} cleanly": "Radion kunde inte {action} korrekt",
+  "SYNC": "SYNK",
+  "RECONCILE": "STÄM AV",
+  "DISABLE": "INAKTIVERA",
+  "ENABLE": "AKTIVERA",
+  "Reconcile Radio — lifecycle uncertain": "Stäm av radion – livscykeln är oklar",
+  "Disable Radio": "Inaktivera radion",
+  "Enable Radio": "Aktivera radion",
+  "DIRECTORY BAND": "STATIONSSKALA",
+  "{category} BAND": "SKALA · {category}",
+  "NO STATION SELECTED": "INGEN STATION VALD",
+  "Directory metadata only": "Endast katalogmetadata",
+  "Loading station directory…": "Laddar stationskatalogen …",
+  "Choose a globe marker or use next.": "Välj en markör på globen eller använd Nästa.",
+  "TAGS · {tags}": "TAGGAR · {tags}",
+  "Play": "Spela upp",
+  "PLAY": "SPELA",
+  "selected": "vald",
+  "nearest": "närmaste",
+  "{action} {target} radio station": "{action} {target} radiostation",
+  "SYNCING": "SYNKAR",
+  "READY": "REDO",
+  "station": "stationen",
+  " · stale/degraded directory": " · inaktuell/begränsad katalog",
+  " · degraded directory": " · begränsad katalog",
+  " · stale directory": " · inaktuell katalog",
+  " · outside current filter": " · utanför aktuellt filter",
+  "Ready — playback starts only from your action": "Redo – uppspelningen startar bara manuellt",
+  "Radio off": "Radio av",
+  "Connecting directly to broadcaster…": "Ansluter direkt till stationen …",
+  "Buffering broadcaster stream…": "Buffrar stationens ström …",
+  "Playing {station}": "Spelar {station}",
+  "Paused {station}": "Pausad: {station}",
+  "Broadcaster stream unavailable": "Stationens ström är otillgänglig",
+  " · muted during voice interaction": " · tystad under röststyrning",
+  " · restoring volume after voice": " · återställer volymen efter röststyrning",
+  " · static indicates no broadcaster audio": " · brus betyder att stationen inte sänder ljud",
+  " · tuning static until broadcaster starts": " · brus tills stationen börjar sända",
+  "Station unavailable after directory refresh — choose another channel": "Stationen är otillgänglig efter att katalogen uppdaterats – välj en annan kanal",
+  "Radio is enabling…": "Radion aktiveras …",
+  "Radio is disabling…": "Radion inaktiveras …",
+  "Radio lifecycle is uncertain — use Enable or Disable to reconcile": "Radions livscykel är oklar – använd Aktivera eller Inaktivera för att stämma av",
+  "Scene action failed": "Scenåtgärden misslyckades",
+  "Delete shot \"{shot}\"?": "Ta bort tagningen ”{shot}”?",
+  "SPARSE": "GLES",
+  "BALANCED": "BALANSERAD",
+  "DEL": "TA BORT",
+  "entity": "objekt",
+  "Shared {subject} follow expired": "Delad följning av {subject} har gått ut",
+  "Shared {subject} could not be restored — feed unavailable": "Kunde inte återställa {subject} från delad länk – flödet är otillgängligt",
+  "Shared {subject} is unavailable": "Kan inte visa {subject} från delad länk",
+  "ACQUIRING": "SÖKER",
+  "SHARED {subject}": "DELAD LÄNK: {subject}",
+  "LOADING LIVE DATA": "LADDAR LIVEDATA",
+  "LOAD COMPLETE": "LADDNING KLAR",
+  "LOAD CANCELLED": "LADDNING AVBRUTEN",
+  "LOAD FAILED": "LADDNINGSFEL",
+  "LIVE DATA OFF": "LIVEDATA AV",
+  "MAPPED SITES LOADED": "KARTLAGDA PLATSER LADDADE",
+  "RETRYING MAPPED SITES": "KARTLAGDA PLATSER: NYTT FÖRSÖK",
+  "FETCHING MAPPED SITES": "HÄMTAR KARTLAGDA PLATSER",
+  "TURNING OFF LIVE DATA": "STÄNGER AV LIVEDATA",
+  "REFRESHING LIVE DATA": "UPPDATERAR LIVEDATA",
+  "syncing road network": "synkroniserar vägnätet",
+  "retry pending": "nytt försök väntar",
+  "retrying in {seconds}s": "nytt försök om {seconds} s",
+  "Celestial ring — reveal the full globe": "Himmelsring – visa hela globen",
+  "Celestial ring — available in Normal style": "Himmelsring – tillgänglig i stilen ”Normal”",
+  "Detection overlay: {mode}": "Detekteringsöverlägg: {mode}",
+  "Detection overlay: off": "Detekteringsöverlägg: av",
+  "DETECT": "DETEKT.",
+  "voice|LISTENING": "LYSSNAR",
+  "voice|EXECUTING": "UTFÖR",
+  "AI AGENT": "AI-AGENT",
+  "Voice model tier — applies next session": "Röstmodellens nivå – gäller från nästa session",
+  "Estimated session cost": "Uppskattad sessionskostnad",
+  "Voice control — activate to toggle voice; hold Space to speak": "Röststyrning – aktivera för att slå på eller av rösten; håll ned Mellanslag för att tala",
+  "VOICE STANDBY": "RÖST I VÄNTLÄGE",
+  "VOICE CONTROL": "RÖSTSTYRNING",
+  "Hold Space to speak · tap Space to activate focused controls": "Håll ned Mellanslag för att tala · tryck kort på Mellanslag för att aktivera kontrollen i fokus",
+  "VOICE SYSTEM ERROR": "FEL I RÖSTSYSTEMET",
+  "DISMISS": "STÄNG",
+  "Check microphone permission and network access, then try again.": "Kontrollera mikrofonbehörighet och nätverksåtkomst och försök sedan igen.",
+  "Release Space to send": "Släpp Mellanslag för att skicka",
+  "Hold Space to talk": "Håll ned Mellanslag för att tala",
+  "Requesting microphone": "Begär åtkomst till mikrofonen",
+  "Ask or command": "Fråga eller ge ett kommando",
+  "Running command": "Kör kommando",
+  "Voice off": "Röst av",
+  "WebRTC microphone support unavailable": "Mikrofonstöd för WebRTC saknas",
+  "VOICE UNAVAILABLE": "RÖST OTILLGÄNGLIG",
+  "VOICE ACTIVE": "RÖST AKTIV",
+  "Voice session could not be started.": "Röstsessionen kunde inte startas.",
+  "Next session: {pendingId} — this session stays on {modelId}": "Nästa session: {pendingId} – den här sessionen fortsätter med {modelId}",
+  "Voice model: {pendingId} — click to switch to {target}; applies next session": "Röstmodell: {pendingId} – klicka för att byta till {target}; gäller från nästa session",
+  "Estimated session cost on {modelId} — {responses} response(s). Warns at {warn}, ends the session at {cap}.": "Uppskattad sessionskostnad med {modelId} – {responses} svar. Varnar vid {warn}, avslutar sessionen vid {cap}.",
+  "{tier} applies next session": "{tier} gäller från nästa session",
+  "Session ended — cost cap {cost}": "Sessionen avslutades – kostnadstak {cost}",
+  "Radio did not start": "Radion startade inte",
+  "Aircraft cockpit view": "Cockpitvy för luftfartyg",
+  "LEVEL": "HORISONT",
+  "Estimated destination direction": "Uppskattad riktning mot destinationen",
+  "DEST ---°": "DEST ---°",
+  "OPTICAL PLANE · 01": "OPTISKT PLAN · 01",
+  "VISOR LOCK · ACTIVE": "VISIRLÅS · AKTIVT",
+  "GROUND SPEED · KTS": "MARKFART · KN",
+  "ALTITUDE · FT": "HÖJD · FT",
+  "FIRST PERSON": "FÖRSTAPERSONSVY",
+  "LIVE TRACK · COURSE ALIGNED": "LIVESPÅR · I KURSRIKTNING",
+  "Cockpit vision style": "Bildstil i cockpit",
+  "Previous cockpit vision style": "Föregående bildstil i cockpit",
+  "Previous vision style": "Föregående bildstil",
+  "CURRENT": "AKTUELL",
+  "Next cockpit vision style": "Nästa bildstil i cockpit",
+  "Next vision style": "Nästa bildstil",
+  "Current aircraft heading": "Luftfartygets aktuella kurs",
+  "GROUND SPEED": "MARKFART",
+  "ALTITUDE": "HÖJD",
+  "Contact cockpit summary": "Cockpitsammanfattning för kontakten",
+  "CONTACT": "KONTAKT",
+  "CONTACTS · 250 KM": "KONTAKTER · 250 KM",
+  "Contact navigation": "Kontaktnavigering",
+  "CONTEXT ONLY": "ENDAST KONTEXT",
+  "Nearby cohort counts": "Antal kontakter i närheten",
+  "NEAREST OBSERVED / MAPPED": "NÄRMASTE OBSERVERADE / KARTLAGDA",
+  "AVAILABLE INPUTS ONLY · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "ENDAST TILLGÄNGLIGA KÄLLOR · INTE FARA ÖVER",
+  "Cockpit briefing carousel": "Karusell för cockpitgenomgången",
+  "Estimated flight plan": "Uppskattad färdplan",
+  "ESTIMATED FLIGHT PLAN": "UPPSKATTAD FÄRDPLAN",
+  "FROM": "FRÅN",
+  "TO": "TILL",
+  "Cockpit briefing controls": "Reglage för cockpitgenomgången",
+  "Previous briefing page": "Föregående genomgångssida",
+  "Next briefing page": "Nästa genomgångssida",
+  "Live signals": "Livesignaler",
+  "Latest regional news": "Senaste regionala nyheterna",
+  "Location-based information": "Platsbaserad information",
+  "TEMP": "TEMP",
+  "WIND": "VIND",
+  "SKY": "HIMMEL",
+  "PRECIP": "NEDERB.",
+  "Show Live Signals": "Visa livesignaler",
+  "NEWS": "NYHETER",
+  "Show Regional News": "Visa regionala nyheter",
+  "Show Local Info": "Visa lokal information",
+  "Cockpit display and Radio controls": "Cockpitens visnings- och radioreglage",
+  "DISPLAY": "VISNING",
+  "Cockpit display options": "Cockpitens visningsalternativ",
+  "RADIO": "RADIO",
+  "Cockpit compact Radio controls": "Kompakta radioreglage i cockpit",
+  "Previous filtered radio station": "Föregående filtrerade radiostation",
+  "Play selected radio station": "Spela upp vald radiostation",
+  "Next filtered radio station": "Nästa filtrerade radiostation",
+  "VOLUME": "VOLYM",
+  "Cockpit Radio volume": "Radiovolym i cockpit",
+  "View switcher": "Vyväxlare",
+  "Exit cockpit and return to full globe view": "Lämna cockpit och återgå till vy över hela globen",
+  "RESET": "ÅTERSTÄLL",
+  "Exit cockpit view": "Lämna cockpitvyn",
+  "EXIT COCKPIT": "LÄMNA COCKPIT",
+  "Navigation, voice, and visual preset controls": "Reglage för navigering, röststyrning och visuella förval",
+  "Expand Visual Presets": "Fäll ut visuella förval",
+  "Pin visual presets": "Fäst visuella förval",
+  "Keep visual presets open": "Håll visuella förval öppna",
+  "Show the globe without a visual filter.": "Visa globen utan visuellt filter.",
+  "Emulate a green phosphor CRT with scanlines and screen curvature.": "Efterlikna en grön fosfor-CRT med sveplinjer och skärmkrökning.",
+  "Simulate night-vision goggles with green intensification and a tube vignette.": "Simulera mörkerglasögon med grön ljusförstärkning och rörvinjett.",
+  "Simulate FLIR-style thermal contrast. Turn up Ironbow for color.": "Simulera FLIR-liknande värmekontrast. Höj Ironbow för färg.",
+  "Apply bright cel-shaded color and illustrated outlines.": "Använd klara färger med cel shading och tecknade konturer.",
+  "Apply high-contrast monochrome film-noir grading.": "Använd kontrastrik monokrom färgsättning i film noir-stil.",
+  "MAP SOURCE": "KARTKÄLLA",
+  "Map source": "Kartkälla",
+  "Style": "Stil",
+  "Expand LOCATION": "Fäll ut PLATS",
+  "Collapse panel": "Fäll ihop panelen",
+  "Pin location tray": "Fäst platsfältet",
+  "Keep location tray open": "Håll platsfältet öppet",
+  "Search any location": "Sök valfri plats",
+  "Search location by name or coordinates": "Sök plats efter namn eller koordinater",
+  "Search any location...": "Sök valfri plats ...",
+  "WEATHER": "VÄDER",
+  "CONTEXT": "KONTEXT",
+  "Context mode": "Kontextläge",
+  "CONTACTS": "KONTAKTER",
+  "Cycles the nearest contacts of whatever type you select — planes, vessels, installations. Satellites track independently.": "Växlar mellan de närmaste kontakterna av den typ som väljs – flygplan, fartyg, anläggningar. Satelliter följs separat.",
+  "SPACE MISSIONS": "RYMDUPPDRAG",
+  "SELECT CONTEXT": "VÄLJ KONTEXT",
+  "Contact Context actions": "Åtgärder för kontaktkontext",
+  "COCKPIT": "COCKPIT",
+  "SEARCH NEARBY SITES": "SÖK PLATSER I NÄRHETEN",
+  "Reclassify tracked contact as TR-3B": "Klassa om den följda kontakten som TR-3B",
+  "CONTACTS CONTEXT OFF": "KONTAKTKONTEXT AV",
+  "SELECT CONTACTS TO LOAD OBSERVED / MAPPED PROXIMITY": "VÄLJ KONTAKTER FÖR ATT LADDA OBSERVERAT / KARTLAGT I NÄRHETEN",
+  "Available Space Missions": "Tillgängliga rymduppdrag",
+  "AVAILABLE MISSIONS": "TILLGÄNGLIGA UPPDRAG",
+  "SELECT A MISSION TO INSPECT": "VÄLJ ETT UPPDRAG ATT GRANSKA",
+  "LOADING 30-DAY MISSION INDEX": "LADDAR UPPDRAGSINDEX FÖR 30 DAGAR",
+  "Space Missions unavailable: the mission index could not load. Try again later.": "Rymduppdrag otillgängliga: uppdragsindexet kunde inte laddas. Försök igen senare.",
+  "30-DAY MISSION INDEX UNAVAILABLE": "UPPDRAGSINDEX FÖR 30 DAGAR OTILLGÄNGLIGT",
+  "TAB PREVIEWS · ENTER / SPACE SELECTS": "TAB FÖRHANDSVISAR · ENTER / MELLANSLAG VÄLJER",
+  "Internet radio and local SDR": "Internetradio och lokal SDR",
+  "STATION TAG": "STATIONSTAGG",
+  "Filter stations by station tag": "Filtrera stationer efter stationstagg",
+  "All": "Alla",
+  "Enable Radio, then choose a globe marker or use next.": "Aktivera radion och välj sedan en markör på globen eller använd Nästa.",
+  "DRAG TO TUNE": "DRA OCH STÄLL IN",
+  "ALL · DRAG THE NEEDLE": "ALLA · DRA I VISAREN",
+  "SNAPS TO AVAILABLE STATIONS": "FÄSTER VID TILLGÄNGLIGA STATIONER",
+  "Radio playback": "Radiouppspelning",
+  "Previous filtered station": "Föregående filtrerade station",
+  "Play selected station": "Spela upp vald station",
+  "Next filtered station": "Nästa filtrerade station",
+  "STOP": "STOPP",
+  "Stop radio playback": "Stoppa radiouppspelningen",
+  "Radio volume": "Radiovolym",
+  "STATION SITE": "WEBBPLATS",
+  "Audio connects directly to the broadcaster when you press play, choose a station on the globe or ask voice to play. Your IP is visible to that broadcaster.": "Ljudet ansluts direkt till stationen vid uppspelning, när en station väljs på globen eller när röststyrningen ombeds spela. Stationen ser din IP-adress.",
+  "Intelligence HUD (H)": "Lägesbilds-HUD (H)",
+  "Layout": "Layout",
+  "HUD layout": "HUD-layout",
+  "Tactical": "Taktisk",
+  "Minimal": "Minimal",
+  "Detection Overlay (D)": "Detekteringsöverlägg (D)",
+  "Detection overlay": "Detekteringsöverlägg",
+  "Detection label density": "Etikettäthet för detektering",
+  "Allocation": "Fördelning",
+  "Detection label allocation": "Etikettfördelning för detektering",
+  "Elastic": "Elastisk",
+  "Weighted": "Viktad",
+  "Fade": "Uttoning",
+  "Detection fade distance": "Uttoningsavstånd för detektering",
+  "World-overlay fade distance outside the keyhole as a percentage of its radius": "Uttoningsavstånd för världsöverlägget utanför nyckelhålet, i procent av dess radie",
+  "Outside": "Utanför",
+  "Detection opacity outside the keyhole": "Detekteringens opacitet utanför nyckelhålet",
+  "World-overlay label and card opacity beyond the fade distance": "Opacitet för etiketter och kort i världsöverlägget bortom uttoningsavståndet",
+  "PARAMETERS": "PARAMETRAR",
+  "3D aircraft — flat icons zoomed out, 3D models up close": "3D-flygplan – platta ikoner på avstånd, 3D-modeller på nära håll",
+  "Models": "Modeller",
+  "3D model coverage": "Täckning med 3D-modeller",
+  "Proximity": "Närhet",
+  "Scope — the circular viewport mask": "Scope – den cirkulära vymasken",
+  "Scope": "Scope",
+  "Feather": "Mjuk kant",
+  "Scope edge feather": "Mjuk kant på Scope",
+  "Scope edge feather as a percentage of the keyhole radius": "Mjuk kant på Scope i procent av nyckelhålets radie",
+  "Celestial": "Himmelsring",
+  "Hide UI chrome": "Dölj gränssnittet",
+  "Clean UI": "Rent gränssnitt",
+  "Bloom / Glow": "Bloom / Glöd",
+  "Bloom intensity": "Bloom-styrka",
+  "Sharpening": "Skärpning",
+  "Sharpen": "Skärpa",
+  "Sharpen intensity": "Skärpestyrka",
+  "EXIT CLEAN VIEW": "LÄMNA RENT GRÄNSSNITT",
+  "Return UI controls": "Visa gränssnittet igen",
+  "Initializing photorealistic world...": "Initierar fotorealistisk värld ...",
+  "DATA LAYERS": "DATALAGER",
+  "NEAREST": "NÄRMASTE",
+  "CCTV camera": "CCTV-kamera",
+  "CALIBRATION": "KALIBRERING",
+  "Drag the camera in the world: rings rotate, arrows move, handles set range/FOV": "Dra kameran i världen: ringar roterar, pilar flyttar, handtag ställer in räckvidd/FOV",
+  "Camera pose — click a value to type": "Kameraläge – klicka på ett värde för att skriva in det",
+  "Heading (compass °) — click to type": "Riktning (kompass °) – klicka för att skriva in",
+  "Pitch (° up/down) — click to type": "Lutning (° upp/ned) – klicka för att skriva in",
+  "Horizontal FOV (°) — click to type": "Horisontell FOV (°) – klicka för att skriva in",
+  "Range / monitor-plane distance (m) — click to type": "Räckvidd / avstånd till bildplanet (m) – klicka för att skriva in",
+  "Mount height above ground (m) — click to type": "Monteringshöjd över mark (m) – klicka för att skriva in",
+  "North offset from catalog position (m) — click to type": "Förskjutning norrut från katalogpositionen (m) – klicka för att skriva in",
+  "East offset from catalog position (m) — click to type": "Förskjutning österut från katalogpositionen (m) – klicka för att skriva in",
+  "SAVE CAL": "SPARA KAL.",
+  "RESET CAL": "ÅTERST. KAL.",
+  "SCENE SUMMARY": "SCENÖVERSIKT",
+  "UPDATE SHOT": "UPPDATERA TAGNING",
+  "IMPORT": "IMPORTERA",
+  "RUN LOG": "KÖRLOGG",
+  "POWER UP": "KOPPLA PÅ",
+  "GROUND STATION · PROVIDER SETTINGS": "MARKSTATION · LEVERANTÖRSINSTÄLLNINGAR",
+  "Close key setup": "Stäng nyckelinställningen",
+  "Power up the globe": "Koppla på globen",
+  "The globe already flies keyless. Every key below switches on another real feed — paste one and it's saved into this app's local configuration, then the server restarts itself. Server-side keys stay on this machine; Google Maps and Cesium ion run in the browser and must be provider-restricted. Keys you configured elsewhere are shown but never touched.": "Globen flyger redan utan nycklar. Varje nyckel nedan kopplar på ännu ett riktigt flöde – klistra in en så sparas den i appens lokala konfiguration, och sedan startar servern om sig själv. Nycklar på serversidan stannar på den här datorn; Google Maps och Cesium ion körs i webbläsaren och måste begränsas hos leverantören. Nycklar som konfigurerats på annat håll visas men ändras aldrig.",
+  "SAVE KEYS": "SPARA NYCKLAR",
+  "ESC to close": "ESC för att stänga",
+  "The Google Maps key buys the photorealistic planet — everything else stacks on top.": "Google Maps-nyckeln ger den fotorealistiska planeten – allt annat läggs ovanpå.",
+  "NO PLACE LEFT BEHIND": "INGEN PLATS LÄMNAS KVAR",
+  "ACTIVE STYLE": "AKTIV STIL",
+  "Globe actions": "Globåtgärder",
+  "Turn off all selected data layers": "Stäng av alla valda datalager",
+  "Copy share link": "Kopiera delningslänk",
+  "Reset camera and return to full globe view": "Återställ kameran och återgå till vy över hela globen",
+  "MISSION CONTROL · FIRST LAUNCH": "UPPDRAGSLEDNING · FÖRSTA START",
+  "Choose your first view": "Välj första vy",
+  "LIVE CONTACTS": "LIVEKONTAKTER",
+  "Aircraft, vessels and nearby intelligence": "Flygplan, fartyg och lägesbild i närheten",
+  "Launches, spacecraft and orbital context": "Uppskjutningar, rymdfarkoster och omloppsbanor",
+  "EXPLORE MANUALLY": "UTFORSKA MANUELLT",
+  "Begin with a clean globe": "Börja med en tom glob",
+  "Don't show this again": "Visa inte igen",
+  "ESC to dismiss": "ESC för att stänga",
+  "Tip: the GEV MIC button in the dock lets you talk to the map.": "Tips: med knappen GEV MIC i dockan går det att prata med kartan.",
+  "Pick a shape, then click the map.": "Välj en form och klicka sedan på kartan.",
+  "Enter to place the pin, Esc to cancel.": "Enter placerar nålen, Esc avbryter.",
+  "Click where the pin goes.": "Klicka där nålen ska sitta.",
+  "Click {count} more points.": {
+    "one": "Klicka på {count} punkt till.",
+    "other": "Klicka på {count} punkter till."
+  },
+  "Those points are in a line — move one off it to enclose an area.": "Punkterna ligger på en linje – flytta en av dem för att innesluta en yta.",
+  "That line has no length — click somewhere further away.": "Linjen har ingen längd – klicka någonstans längre bort.",
+  " · {max}-point limit reached": " · gränsen på {max} punkter är nådd",
+  "{measure} · double-click or Enter to finish, Backspace undoes, Esc cancels.{full}": "{measure} · dubbelklicka eller tryck Enter för att avsluta, Backsteg ångrar, Esc avbryter.{full}",
+  "That shape already has {count} points — finish it or press Backspace.": "Formen har redan {count} punkter – avsluta den eller tryck på Backsteg.",
+  "That point is off the globe — click on the world.": "Punkten ligger utanför globen – klicka på jorden.",
+  "That shape could not be placed.": "Formen kunde inte placeras.",
+  "Could not place the shape: {error}": "Kunde inte placera formen: {error}",
+  "Board cleared.": "Ritytan rensad.",
+  "{owner} is using the pointer — close it first.": "Pekaren används av {owner} – stäng det verktyget först.",
+  "{label} · Detailed outline unavailable": "{label} · Detaljerad kontur otillgänglig",
+  "Space Missions isolates replay data. Exit the mode to enable {layer}.": "Läget ”Rymduppdrag” isolerar uppspelningsdata. Lämna läget för att aktivera {layer}.",
+  "Data attribution": "Datakällor",
+  "Data provided by:": "Data från:",
+  "Light aircraft": "Lätt flygplan",
+  "Glider": "Segelflygplan",
+  "Turboprop": "Turbopropplan",
+  "Airliner": "Trafikflygplan",
+  "Widebody": "Bredkroppsplan",
+  "Four-engine jet": "Fyrmotorigt jetplan",
+  "Helicopter": "Helikopter",
+  "Fast jet": "Stridsflygplan",
+  "Business jet": "Affärsjet",
+  "Drone": "Drönare",
+  "General emergency": "Allmänt nödläge",
+  "Unlawful interference": "Olaglig inblandning",
+  "Radio failure": "Radiobortfall",
+  "Downed aircraft": "Nedstörtat luftfartyg",
+  "Minimum fuel": "Minimum fuel (låg bränslemängd)",
+  "Lifeguard (medical priority)": "Lifeguard (medicinsk prioritet)",
+  "Rasuwagadhi witness video": "Ögonvittnesvideo från Rasuwagadhi",
+  "Bhote Koshi valley footage": "Filmmaterial från Bhote Koshi-dalen",
+  "Flood footage": "Filmmaterial från översvämningen",
+  "Compilation and casualty claims": "Sammanställning och uppgifter om offer",
+  "SOURCE GEOCONFIRMED · WORLD-PINNED": "KÄLLA GEOBEKRÄFTAD · FÄST PÅ GLOBEN",
+  "SOURCE CREDITED · LOCATION UNRESOLVED": "KÄLLA ANGIVEN · PLATS OKLAR",
+  "REFERENCE ONLY · CLAIMS UNVERIFIED": "ENDAST REFERENS · UPPGIFTER OVERIFIERADE",
+  "SOURCE GEOCONFIRMED": "KÄLLA GEOBEKRÄFTAD",
+  "2021 historical reference versus 2026 post-event imagery; changes are cumulative and include the July 2025 Rasuwagadhi flood. Schematic downstream progression, not modeled arrival time; not an official hazard model.": "Historisk referens från 2021 jämfört med bilder från 2026 efter händelsen; förändringarna är kumulativa och omfattar översvämningen i Rasuwagadhi i juli 2025. Schematiskt förlopp nedströms, inte modellerad ankomsttid; ingen officiell riskmodell.",
+  "Immediate collapse viewpoint": "Utsiktspunkt direkt vid raset",
+  "Collapse viewpoint": "Utsiktspunkt vid raset",
+  "Debris-dammed lake": "Sjö uppdämd av rasmassor",
+  "Dammed lake": "Uppdämd sjö",
+  "Second landslide": "Andra jordskredet",
+  "Gyirong border gate": "Gränsövergången Gyirong",
+  "Border gate": "Gränsövergång",
+  "Timure evidence cluster": "Samlade belägg vid Timure",
+  "Mailung / Upper Trishuli bridge": "Mailung / bron över Upper Trishuli",
+  "Dandagaun viewpoint restaurant": "Utsiktsrestaurangen i Dandagaun",
+  "Dandagaun viewpoint": "Utsiktspunkten Dandagaun",
+  "Bidur - Trishuli bridge": "Bidur - Trishulibron",
+  "Bidur bridge": "Bron vid Bidur",
+  "Devighat / Taadi Khola Bridge": "Devighat / Taadi Khola-bron",
+  "Devighat bridge": "Bron vid Devighat",
+  "Facebook player API did not initialize.": "Facebooks spelar-API initierades inte.",
+  "Facebook player API could not load.": "Facebooks spelar-API kunde inte laddas.",
+  "Facebook player API timed out.": "Tidsgränsen för Facebooks spelar-API överskreds.",
+  "X embed API did not initialize.": "X:s inbäddnings-API initierades inte.",
+  "X embed could not load.": "X-inbäddningen kunde inte laddas.",
+  "X embed timed out.": "Tidsgränsen för X-inbäddningen överskreds.",
+  "TIMEOUT": "TIDSGRÄNS",
+  "BLOCKED": "BLOCKERAD",
+  "Facebook embed unavailable. The post may be private, removed, region-restricted, or blocked.": "Facebook-inbäddningen är otillgänglig. Inlägget kan vara privat, borttaget, regionbegränsat eller blockerat.",
+  "Preloading {provider} media": "Förladdar media från {provider}",
+  "LOADING X POST…": "LADDAR X-INLÄGG …",
+  "The X post is unavailable or cannot be embedded.": "X-inlägget är otillgängligt eller kan inte bäddas in.",
+  "X POST · PROVIDER CONTROLS": "X-INLÄGG · PLATTFORMENS REGLAGE",
+  "{reason} OPEN ORIGINAL.": "{reason} ÖPPNA ORIGINALET.",
+  "X embed unavailable": "X-inbäddning otillgänglig",
+  "FACEBOOK · PROVIDER CONTROLS": "FACEBOOK · PLATTFORMENS REGLAGE",
+  "Facebook embed unavailable": "Facebook-inbäddning otillgänglig",
+  "AUTOPLAY BLOCKED · USE PROVIDER CONTROLS": "AUTOUPPSPELNING BLOCKERAD · ANVÄND PLATTFORMENS REGLAGE",
+  "Embedded {provider} media for {source}": "Inbäddad media från {provider} för {source}",
+  "witness source": "ögonvittneskälla",
+  "Witness source": "Ögonvittneskälla",
+  "{provider} · EMBEDDED SOURCE": "{provider} · INBÄDDAD KÄLLA",
+  "OPEN ORIGINAL ↗": "ÖPPNA ORIGINALET ↗",
+  "{provider} media: {source}": "Media från {provider}: {source}",
+  "{provider} · PROVIDER CONTROLS": "{provider} · PLATTFORMENS REGLAGE",
+  "YOUTUBE {state} · OPEN ORIGINAL": "YOUTUBE {state} · ÖPPNA ORIGINALET",
+  "INITIATION": "UTLÖSNING",
+  "DAMMING": "UPPDÄMNING",
+  "SECONDARY FAILURE": "SEKUNDÄRT RAS",
+  "BORDER ARRIVAL": "ANKOMST TILL GRÄNSEN",
+  "PROPAGATION": "UTBREDNING",
+  "DOWNSTREAM PASSAGE": "PASSAGE NEDSTRÖMS",
+  "CONSEQUENCE": "KONSEKVENS",
+  "DOWNSTREAM CONSEQUENCE": "KONSEKVENS NEDSTRÖMS",
+  "EVIDENCE": "BELÄGG",
+  "{year} HISTORICAL REFERENCE": "HISTORISK REFERENS {year}",
+  "{year} POST-EVENT": "EFTER HÄNDELSEN {year}",
+  "{count} GEOLOCATED SOURCE-MAP PLACEMENTS": {
+    "one": "{count} GEOLOKALISERAD PLACERING PÅ KÄLLKARTAN",
+    "other": "{count} GEOLOKALISERADE PLACERINGAR PÅ KÄLLKARTAN"
+  },
+  "NO PREVIEW": "INGEN BILD",
+  "YouTube source": "YouTube-källa",
+  "Facebook source": "Facebook-källa",
+  "SOURCE LINK": "KÄLL-LÄNK",
+  "{publisher} / OPEN": "{publisher} / ÖPPNA",
+  "Bhote Koshi flood reconstruction controls": "Reglage för rekonstruktionen av översvämningen i Bhote Koshi",
+  "EVENT RECONSTRUCTION · 26 AUG 2026": "REKONSTRUKTION AV HÄNDELSEN · 26 AUG. 2026",
+  "BHOTE KOSHI OUTBURST FLOOD": "FLODVÅGEN I BHOTE KOSHI",
+  "Close event layer": "Stäng händelselagret",
+  "OBSERVED IMAGERY": "OBSERVERADE BILDER",
+  "SCHEMATIC CORRIDOR": "SCHEMATISK KORRIDOR",
+  "2021 HISTORICAL REFERENCE / 2026 POST-EVENT": "HISTORISK REFERENS 2021 / EFTER HÄNDELSEN 2026",
+  "Historical reference and post-event image split": "Delad vy: historisk referens och bild efter händelsen",
+  "RECONSTRUCTION CLOCK": "REKONSTRUKTIONSKLOCKA",
+  "Schematic downstream progression": "Schematiskt förlopp nedströms",
+  "Story beat navigation": "Navigering mellan händelsesteg",
+  "Previous story beat": "Föregående händelsesteg",
+  "CAUSE": "ORSAK",
+  "CAPTURE TIME UNVERIFIED": "INSPELNINGSTID OVERIFIERAD",
+  "Next story beat": "Nästa händelsesteg",
+  "▶ PLAY": "▶ SPELA",
+  "Play the next shot and continue through this scene": "Spela nästa tagning och fortsätt genom scenen",
+  "▶ PLAY SCENE": "▶ SPELA SCEN",
+  "◉ CINEMATIC": "◉ FILMLÄGE",
+  "↺ FULL STORY": "↺ HELA FÖRLOPPET",
+  "↗ OPEN ORIGINAL": "↗ ÖPPNA ORIGINALET",
+  "⌖ LOWER GORGE": "⌖ NEDRE RAVINEN",
+  "FIELD REPORTS · {count}": "FÄLTRAPPORTER · {count}",
+  "GEOLOCATIONS · {credit}": "GEOLOKALISERINGAR · {credit}",
+  "↗ OPEN PUBLIC MAP": "↗ ÖPPNA OFFENTLIG KARTA",
+  " Clouds are preserved from the source imagery.": " Molnen kommer från källbilderna.",
+  "Rasuwagadhi witness": "Ögonvittne i Rasuwagadhi",
+  "Open original source for {source}; capture time unverified": "Öppna originalkällan för {source}; inspelningstid overifierad",
+  "Historical reference and post-event image divider": "Avdelare mellan historisk referens och bild efter händelsen",
+  "A historical reference {before} percent, B post-event {after} percent": "A historisk referens {before} procent, B efter händelsen {after} procent",
+  "■ RELEASE CAMERA": "■ SLÄPP KAMERAN",
+  "Seek Nepal scene clock": "Spola i scenklockan för Nepal",
+  "NEPAL SCENE CLOCK": "SCENKLOCKA NEPAL",
+  "… PLAYING SHOT": "… SPELAR TAGNING",
+  "▶ PLAY SHOT": "▶ SPELA TAGNING",
+  "Ⅱ PAUSE": "Ⅱ PAUS",
+  "↺ REPLAY CINEMATIC": "↺ SPELA FILMLÄGET IGEN",
+  "↺ REPLAY": "↺ SPELA IGEN",
+  "… PLAYING SCENE": "… SPELAR SCEN",
+  "Continue {scene} from next shot": "Fortsätt {scene} från nästa tagning",
+  "current scene": "aktuell scen",
+  "Replay the full reconstruction": "Spela hela rekonstruktionen igen",
+  "SCENE SHOT": "SCENTAGNING",
+  "TIME UNVERIFIED": "TID OVERIFIERAD",
+  "{count} SOURCES": {
+    "one": "{count} KÄLLA",
+    "other": "{count} KÄLLOR"
+  },
+  "OUTSIDE IMAGERY SWIPE": "UTANFÖR BILDJÄMFÖRELSEN",
+  "{scene} / AUTHORED SHOT": "{scene} / KOMPONERAD TAGNING",
+  "NEPAL FLOOD INCIDENT": "ÖVERSVÄMNINGEN I NEPAL",
+  "Play {shot}": "Spela {shot}",
+  "current scene shot": "aktuell scentagning",
+  "Play reconstruction": "Spela upp rekonstruktionen",
+  "Load previous scene shot": "Ladda föregående scentagning",
+  "Load next scene shot": "Ladda nästa scentagning",
+  "SCHEMATIC CORRIDOR, NOT MODELED ARRIVAL TIME.": "SCHEMATISK KORRIDOR, INTE MODELLERAD ANKOMSTTID.",
+  "Rasuwa · 26 Aug 2026": "Rasuwa · 26 aug. 2026",
+  "Event reconstruction": "Rekonstruktion av händelsen",
+  "BHOTE KOSHI FLOOD INCIDENT": "ÖVERSVÄMNINGEN I BHOTE KOSHI",
+  "NEPAL · 26 AUG 2026": "NEPAL · 26 AUG. 2026",
+  "USGS INITIAL REPORT": "FÖRSTA RAPPORT FRÅN USGS",
+  "26 AUG 2026 · 08:37 NPT": "26 AUG. 2026 · 08:37 NPT",
+  "28.2710° N · 85.5150° E": "28,2710° N · 85,5150° O",
+  "INITIAL M4.4 · RECLASSIFIED M5.2 LANDSLIDE": "FÖRST M4,4 · OMKLASSAD TILL M5,2-JORDSKRED",
+  "USGS EVENT us7000tbwb · OPEN SOURCE": "USGS-HÄNDELSE us7000tbwb · ÖPPNA KÄLLAN",
+  "Open the USGS initial report for the 26 August 2026 Nepal landslide": "Öppna USGS:s första rapport om jordskredet i Nepal den 26 augusti 2026",
+  "Show the Nepal context callout without a border or country fill": "Visa kontextrutan om Nepal utan gränslinje eller färgad landyta",
+  "Introduce Nepal, draw its border, then reveal the Bhote Koshi incident": "Presentera Nepal, rita gränsen och visa sedan händelsen vid Bhote Koshi",
+  "CITIES": "STÄDER",
+  "Keep the regional incident context and introduce nearby city labels": "Behåll den regionala händelsekontexten och visa etiketter för närliggande städer",
+  "PLACES": "PLATSER",
+  "Introduce the reconstruction scene key places from trigger to downstream": "Presentera rekonstruktionens viktigaste platser, från utlösningspunkten och nedströms",
+  "PATH": "STRÄCKA",
+  "Animate the sourced cyan river-centerline route to Trishuli Bazaar": "Animera den källbelagda cyanfärgade rutten längs flodens mittlinje till Trishuli Bazaar",
+  "OVERVIEW": "ÖVERSIKT",
+  "Keep the completed flood path and location labels visible": "Låt den färdiga översvämningsbanan och platsetiketterna synas",
+  "RECORD": "RAPPORT",
+  "Reveal the trigger record while making a slow camera approach": "Visa rapporten om den utlösande händelsen medan kameran långsamt närmar sig",
+  "{speed} kn": "{speed} kn",
+  "That file is not valid JSON.": "Filen är inte giltig JSON.",
+  "That JSON file is not GeoJSON.": "JSON-filen är inte GeoJSON.",
+  "That FeatureCollection has no features list.": "Denna FeatureCollection saknar en features-lista.",
+  "Every GeoJSON feature must have type Feature.": "Varje GeoJSON-objekt måste ha typen Feature.",
+  "That GeoJSON has invalid geometries.": "GeoJSON-filen har ogiltiga geometrier.",
+  "That GeoJSON contains an unsupported geometry.": "GeoJSON-filen innehåller en geometri som inte stöds.",
+  "That GeoJSON has invalid coordinates.": "GeoJSON-filen har ogiltiga koordinater.",
+  "That file creates more than {limit} map objects (the limit).": "Filen skapar fler än tillåtna {limit} kartobjekt.",
+  "That file has more than {limit} style definitions and image links after cleanup (the limit).": "Filen har efter rensning fler än tillåtna {limit} stildefinitioner och bildlänkar.",
+  "That file has more than {limit} features (the limit).": "Filen har fler än tillåtna {limit} objekt.",
+  "That file has more than {limit} points (the limit) across {features} features.": "Filen har fler än tillåtna {limit} punkter fördelade på {features} objekt.",
+  "That file has more than {limit} points (the limit).": "Filen har fler än tillåtna {limit} punkter.",
+  "That KMZ unpacks to more than the import limit.": "KMZ-filen blir större än importgränsen när den packas upp.",
+  "That KMZ is damaged and could not be unpacked.": "KMZ-filen är skadad och kunde inte packas upp.",
+  "That KMZ is not a readable zip archive.": "KMZ-filen är inte ett läsbart zip-arkiv.",
+  "That KMZ uses a zip format this import does not read.": "KMZ-filen använder ett zip-format som importen inte kan läsa.",
+  "That KMZ is encrypted.": "KMZ-filen är krypterad.",
+  "That KMZ uses a compression method this import does not read.": "KMZ-filen använder en komprimeringsmetod som importen inte kan läsa.",
+  "That KML has invalid geometry bounds.": "KML-filen har ogiltiga geometrigränser.",
+  "That KML has invalid coordinates.": "KML-filen har ogiltiga koordinater.",
+  "That GPX file has no <gpx> document.": "GPX-filen saknar ett <gpx>-dokument.",
+  "That {format} file is not valid XML.": "{format}-filen är inte giltig XML.",
+  "That file has an unreadable image or exceeds the 16-megapixel image limit.": "Filen har en oläsbar bild eller överskrider bildgränsen på 16 megapixel.",
+  "That KML could not be read.": "KML-filen kunde inte läsas.",
+  "That file has invalid point coordinates.": "Filen har ogiltiga punktkoordinater.",
+  "Ground heights are not available for that file. Try again when the map has loaded.": "Markhöjder är inte tillgängliga för filen. Försök igen när kartan har laddats.",
+  "That file took too long to read.": "Det tog för lång tid att läsa filen.",
+  "Nothing to import.": "Inget att importera.",
+  "That file is larger than {size} MiB.": "Filen är större än {size} MiB.",
+  "Only GeoJSON, KML, KMZ and GPX files can be imported.": "Endast GeoJSON-, KML-, KMZ- och GPX-filer kan importeras.",
+  "That file has nothing to draw.": "Filen innehåller inget att rita.",
+  "That KMZ holds no KML document.": "KMZ-filen innehåller inget KML-dokument.",
+  "That {format} file could not be read.": "{format}-filen kunde inte läsas.",
+  "That file has {count} map objects; the limit is {limit}.": "Filen har {count} kartobjekt; gränsen är {limit}.",
+  "Ground heights could not be read. Try that file again.": "Markhöjderna kunde inte läsas. Försök med filen igen.",
+  "That file has invalid point graphics.": "Filen har ogiltig punktgrafik.",
+  "Map tiles temporarily unavailable": "Kartrutor tillfälligt otillgängliga",
+  "Mapped names temporarily unavailable": "Kartlagda namn tillfälligt otillgängliga",
+  "Military airfield": "Militär flygplats",
+  "Naval base": "Marinbas",
+  "Firing range": "Skjutfält",
+  "Military land": "Militär mark",
+  "Mapped installation": "Kartlagd anläggning",
+  "Military area": "Militärt område",
+  "flight": "flygning",
+  "military flight": "militärflygning",
+  "satellite": "satellit",
+  "Draw": "Rita",
+  "Directions": "Vägbeskrivning",
+  "Recent imagery": "Senaste bilder",
+  "Included in bundle": "Ingår i paketet",
+  "Missing bundle file — reimport its bundle": "Paketfil saknas – importera paketet igen",
+  "Source configured; file checked when loaded": "Källa konfigurerad; filen kontrolleras vid laddning",
+  "Source unavailable": "Källa otillgänglig",
+  "NORMAL": "NORMAL",
+  "ANIME": "ANIME",
+  "NOIR": "NOIR",
+  "ARCTIC": "ARKTIS",
+  "ANTARCTIC": "ANTARKTIS",
+  "NORTH AMERICA": "NORDAMERIKA",
+  "SOUTH AMERICA": "SYDAMERIKA",
+  "EUROPE": "EUROPA",
+  "AFRICA": "AFRIKA",
+  "ASIA": "ASIEN",
+  "OCEANIA": "OCEANIEN",
+  "NORTHERN OCEANIC GRID": "NORRA HAVSRUTNÄTET",
+  "SOUTHERN OCEANIC GRID": "SÖDRA HAVSRUTNÄTET",
+  "view band|STREET": "GATA",
+  "view band|CITY": "STAD",
+  "view band|METRO": "STORSTAD",
+  "view band|REGIONAL": "REGION",
+  "view band|GLOBAL": "GLOBAL",
+  "N/A": "SAKNAS",
+  "{mode} {band} {locality} | {region} | ALT {alt} | WINDOW {window} | SUN {sun}° | ONA {ona}° | {zone}": "{mode} {band} {locality} | {region} | ALT {alt} | FÖNSTER {window} | SOL {sun}° | ONA {ona}° | {zone}",
+  "NEAR {poi} ({city}) {distance}": "NÄRA {poi} ({city}) {distance}",
+  "SECTOR {lat} {lon}": "SEKTOR {lat} {lon}",
+  "hemisphere|N": "N",
+  "hemisphere|S": "S",
+  "hemisphere|E": "O",
+  "hemisphere|W": "V",
+  "Provider Settings does not answer proxied requests": "Leverantörsinställningarna svarar inte på förfrågningar via proxy",
+  "Provider Settings is disabled while sharing is enabled": "Leverantörsinställningarna är inaktiverade medan delning är aktiverad",
+  "Provider Settings answers only the machine running the server": "Leverantörsinställningarna svarar bara datorn som kör servern",
+  "Provider Settings answers only local hostnames": "Leverantörsinställningarna svarar bara lokala värdnamn",
+  "Provider Settings requires an exact local Origin": "Leverantörsinställningarna kräver ett exakt lokalt Origin-värde",
+  "Unrecognized Origin refused": "Okänt Origin-värde avvisades",
+  "Cross-origin requests are refused": "Cross-origin-förfrågningar avvisas",
+  "Content-Type must be application/json": "Content-Type måste vara application/json",
+  "Method not allowed": "Metoden är inte tillåten",
+  "Request too large": "Förfrågan är för stor",
+  "Invalid JSON": "Ogiltig JSON",
+  "Body must be a JSON object of {ENV_VAR: value}": "Innehållet måste vara ett JSON-objekt på formen {ENV_VAR: value}",
+  "No keys provided": "Inga nycklar angavs",
+  "At most {limit} keys per save": "Högst {limit} nycklar per sparning",
+  "Unknown key: {name}": "Okänd nyckel: {name}",
+  "{name} must be a string": "{name} måste vara en sträng",
+  "{name} is empty": "{name} är tom",
+  "{name} is longer than any real key ({limit} max)": "{name} är längre än någon verklig nyckel (högst {limit})",
+  "{name} may only contain printable characters with no spaces": "{name} får bara innehålla utskrivbara tecken utan blanksteg",
+  "{name} contains a character that is not valid in a key (#, quotes, $, \\, or backtick)": "{name} innehåller ett tecken som inte är giltigt i en nyckel (#, citattecken, $, \\ eller grav accent)",
+  "{name} is configured outside Provider Settings and can only be changed where it was set": "{name} är konfigurerad utanför Leverantörsinställningarna och kan bara ändras där den angavs",
+  "The key was not saved: could not restrict the credential file to your account; nothing was saved": "Nyckeln sparades inte: det gick inte att begränsa åtkomsten till nyckelfilen till det egna användarkontot; inget sparades",
+  "The key was not saved: the existing configuration could not be read, so nothing was changed": "Nyckeln sparades inte: den befintliga konfigurationen kunde inte läsas, så inget ändrades",
+  "Could not write the {store} store": "Det gick inte att skriva till lagringsplatsen {store}",
+  "OAuth check failed: {detail}": "OAuth-kontrollen misslyckades: {detail}",
+  "Could not check ChatGPT sign-in. Try again.": "Det gick inte att kontrollera ChatGPT-inloggningen. Försök igen.",
+  "VOICE AUTH · CHATGPT OAUTH": "RÖSTINLOGGNING · CHATGPT OAUTH",
+  "VOICE AUTH · API KEY": "RÖSTINLOGGNING · API-NYCKEL",
+  "USE API KEY": "ANVÄND API-NYCKEL",
+  "USE CHATGPT OAUTH": "ANVÄND CHATGPT OAUTH",
+  "Use OPENAI_API_KEY for the next cloud voice session": "Använd OPENAI_API_KEY för nästa röstsession i molnet",
+  "Use the signed-in local ChatGPT/Codex OAuth session for the next cloud voice session": "Använd den inloggade lokala ChatGPT/Codex-OAuth-sessionen för nästa röstsession i molnet",
+  "Metered — a billing-enabled account": "Avgiftsbelagd – kräver ett konto med aktiverad fakturering",
+  "Optional paid token — public access works without one": "Valfri betald token – öppen åtkomst fungerar utan",
+  "Free key — register, paste, done": "Gratis nyckel – registrera, klistra in, klart",
+  "browser-side": "i webbläsaren",
+  "This key runs in the browser by design — restrict it at the provider (see SECURITY.md)": "Nyckeln körs avsiktligt i webbläsaren – begränsa den hos leverantören (se SECURITY.md)",
+  "configured externally": "konfigurerad externt",
+  "Supplied by your environment, Keychain, or launcher — change it where it was set": "Kommer från miljön, nyckelringen eller startprogrammet – ändra den där den angavs",
+  "MANAGE ↗": "HANTERA ↗",
+  "GET KEY ↗": "HÄMTA NYCKEL ↗",
+  "{envVar} saved — paste to replace": "{envVar} sparad – klistra in för att ersätta",
+  "paste {envVar}": "klistra in {envVar}",
+  "Project keys: {status}": "Projektnycklar: {status}",
+  "Cloud voice will use OPENAI_API_KEY on the next session.": "Röststyrningen i molnet använder OPENAI_API_KEY från nästa session.",
+  "Checking local ChatGPT OAuth sign-in…": "Kontrollerar lokal OAuth-inloggning för ChatGPT …",
+  "Could not check ChatGPT sign-in.": "Det gick inte att kontrollera ChatGPT-inloggningen.",
+  "ChatGPT OAuth selected for cloud voice. Your API key stays saved and available.": "ChatGPT OAuth har valts för röststyrning i molnet. API-nyckeln förblir sparad och tillgänglig.",
+  "ChatGPT sign-in expired. Opening sign-in again…": "ChatGPT-inloggningen har gått ut. Öppnar inloggningen igen …",
+  "Opening ChatGPT sign-in in your browser…": "Öppnar ChatGPT-inloggningen i webbläsaren …",
+  "Could not start ChatGPT sign-in on this machine.": "Det gick inte att starta ChatGPT-inloggningen på den här datorn.",
+  "Finish ChatGPT sign-in in the browser. Waiting for it to complete…": "Slutför ChatGPT-inloggningen i webbläsaren. Väntar på att den ska bli klar …",
+  "ChatGPT sign-in timed out. Click {button} to try again.": "Tidsgränsen för ChatGPT-inloggningen överskreds. Klicka på {button} för att försöka igen.",
+  "ChatGPT sign-in complete. OAuth will be used for the next cloud voice session.": "ChatGPT-inloggningen är klar. OAuth används för nästa röstsession i molnet.",
+  "The photorealistic 3D planet, place search + Street View": "Den fotorealistiska 3D-planeten, platssökning + Street View",
+  "Voice control — API key or ChatGPT OAuth": "Röststyrning – API-nyckel eller ChatGPT OAuth",
+  "Gemini Live voice control": "Röststyrning med Gemini Live",
+  "Street-level imagery and coverage in the Street Level layer. Free: register an app in the Mapillary developer dashboard and paste its Client Token": "Bilder och täckning på gatunivå i lagret ”Gatunivå”. Gratis: registrera en app i Mapillarys utvecklarpanel och klistra in dess Client Token",
+  "Public space-missions access needs no key. Leave blank for standard use; paid tokens only raise request limits.": "Öppen åtkomst till rymduppdrag kräver ingen nyckel. Lämna tomt för normal användning; betalda tokens höjer bara gränsen för antal förfrågningar.",
+  "Air quality request failed": "Förfrågan om luftkvalitet misslyckades",
+  "No readings available": "Inga mätvärden tillgängliga",
+  "No current readings": "Inga aktuella mätvärden",
+  "{count} stations reporting": {
+    "one": "{count} station rapporterar",
+    "other": "{count} stationer rapporterar"
+  },
+  "Highest air-quality readings in view": "Högsta luftkvalitetsvärdena i vyn",
+  "Low": "Låg",
+  "Low health risk": "Låg hälsorisk",
+  "Moderate": "Måttlig",
+  "Moderate health risk": "Måttlig hälsorisk",
+  "High": "Hög",
+  "High health risk": "Hög hälsorisk",
+  "Very High": "Mycket hög",
+  "Very High health risk": "Mycket hög hälsorisk",
+  "Air quality": "Luftkvalitet",
+  "Canada only · ECCC AQHI network": "Endast Kanada · ECCC:s AQHI-mätnät",
+  "ECCC request timed out": "Tidsgränsen för ECCC-förfrågan överskreds",
+  "Malformed AQHI station response": "Felformaterat svar med AQHI-stationer",
+  "No AQHI stations available": "Inga AQHI-stationer tillgängliga",
+  "Malformed AQHI observation response": "Felformaterat svar med AQHI-observationer",
+  "Camera source temporarily unavailable": "Kamerakälla tillfälligt otillgänglig",
+  "Mapped camera locations": "Kartlagda kameraplatser",
+  "SHOW NEAREST": "VISA NÄRMASTE",
+  "Stop following the current object before navigating to a camera": "Sluta följa det aktuella objektet för att kunna gå till en kamera",
+  "Move to the nearest loaded camera and show its details": "Gå till närmaste laddade kamera och visa dess detaljer",
+  "Camera badges": "Kameramärken",
+  "Cyan cameras turn coral when selected. Wedges illustrate mapped direction, not measured coverage. Nearby cameras may be outside the screen.": "Cyanfärgade kameror blir korallröda när de väljs. Kilarna visar kartlagd riktning, inte uppmätt täckning. Närliggande kameror kan ligga utanför skärmen.",
+  "{count} nearby · {onScreen} on screen": {
+    "one": "{count} i närheten · {onScreen} på skärmen",
+    "other": "{count} i närheten · {onScreen} på skärmen"
+  },
+  "{count} nearby": {
+    "one": "{count} i närheten",
+    "other": "{count} i närheten"
+  },
+  "retrying mapped ALPR cameras": "försöker hämta kartlagda ALPR-kameror igen",
+  "loading mapped ALPR cameras": "laddar kartlagda ALPR-kameror",
+  "No ALPR data for this area — US and Canada only": "Inga ALPR-data för området – endast USA och Kanada",
+  "Zoom in to load mapped cameras": "Zooma in för att ladda kartlagda kameror",
+  "Showing cached locations": "Visar cachade platser",
+  "Coverage limited — zoom in": "Begränsad täckning – zooma in",
+  "No ALPR data for this area": "Inga ALPR-data för området",
+  "None on screen — nearby cameras are outside the view": "Inga på skärmen – närliggande kameror ligger utanför vyn",
+  "ALPR camera": "ALPR-kamera",
+  "Camera coverage unavailable": "Kameratäckning otillgänglig",
+  "OpenStreetMap · community mapped": "OpenStreetMap · kartlagt av frivilliga",
+  "Overpass returned an incomplete camera response": "Overpass gav ett ofullständigt svar om kameror",
+  "At least {count}": "Minst {count}",
+  "Named areas ({n})": "Namngivna områden ({n})",
+  "{distance} FLIGHT / VESSEL WINDOW": "{distance} FLYG-/FARTYGSFÖNSTER",
+  "mapped matches within {km} km of the subject": "kartlagda träffar inom {km} km från objektet",
+  "none mapped within {km} km; not a complete 250 km survey": "inga kartlagda inom {km} km; ingen fullständig sökning inom 250 km",
+  "mapped matches from the loaded viewport": "kartlagda träffar från den laddade vyn",
+  "viewport feed is not a complete 250 km survey": "vyns flöde är ingen fullständig sökning inom 250 km",
+  "GBFS fetch error": "GBFS-hämtningsfel",
+  "FOV {value}° (DATASHEET)": "FOV {value}° (DATABLAD)",
+  "SPEC FOV {span}° (CAPABILITY)": "SPEC. FOV {span}° (FÖRMÅGA)",
+  "{spec} · SPECS: CCTV-DATABASE.COM": "{spec} · SPEC.: CCTV-DATABASE.COM",
+  "Atlantic and eastern/central North Pacific; not worldwide cyclone coverage.": "Atlanten och östra/centrala norra Stilla havet; ingen global täckning av cykloner.",
+  "Cyclone advisories unavailable": "Cyklonbulletiner otillgängliga",
+  "Cyclone data unavailable": "Cyklondata otillgängliga",
+  "Potential tropical cyclone": "Potentiell tropisk cyklon",
+  "Post-tropical cyclone": "Posttropisk cyklon",
+  "Hurricane": "Orkan",
+  "Tropical storm": "Tropisk storm",
+  "Tropical depression": "Tropisk depression",
+  "Subtropical storm": "Subtropisk storm",
+  "Subtropical depression": "Subtropisk depression",
+  "Track and cone match this advisory": "Bana och kon stämmer med denna bulletin",
+  "Track/cone awaiting advisory {number}": "Bana/kon väntar på bulletin {number}",
+  "Track/cone unavailable": "Bana/kon otillgänglig",
+  "Cached advisory · stale source": "Cachad bulletin · inaktuell källa",
+  "Loading advisories…": "Laddar bulletiner …",
+  "{count} active storms": {
+    "one": "{count} aktiv storm",
+    "other": "{count} aktiva stormar"
+  },
+  "Position as of {time}": "Position per {time}",
+  "Maximum sustained wind: {wind} · Pressure: {pressure}": "Högsta medelvind: {wind} · Lufttryck: {pressure}",
+  "{name} · {classification} · Advisory {number} · issued {time}": "{name} · {classification} · Bulletin {number} · utfärdad {time}",
+  "No active NHC/CPHC systems": "Inga aktiva NHC/CPHC-system",
+  "Advisories unavailable": "Bulletiner otillgängliga",
+  "Cyclones · NHC / CPHC": "Cykloner · NHC / CPHC",
+  "Atlantic · E/C Pacific": "Atlanten · östra/centrala Stilla havet",
+  "{storms} · {name} selected": "{storms} · {name} vald",
+  "Official advisory ↗": "Officiell bulletin ↗",
+  "Active NHC and CPHC cyclone advisories": "Aktiva cyklonbulletiner från NHC och CPHC",
+  "Wind unavailable": "Vind otillgänglig",
+  "Advisory center / forecast track": "Centrum enligt bulletin / prognosbana",
+  "Center-track uncertainty cone": "Osäkerhetskon för centrumbanan",
+  "Select a storm on the map, or choose a storm in the list to select it and move the camera. Click empty map space to clear the selection. NOAA NHC/CPHC advisory context. The cone describes forecast center-track uncertainty, not storm size or the full hazard area. Forecast point labels are source lead hours, not times computed from advisory issuance. Geometry follows the surface; height is not weather altitude. Consult the official advisory.": "Välj en storm på kartan, eller välj en storm i listan för att markera den och flytta kameran dit. Klicka på en tom yta på kartan för att avmarkera. Underlag: bulletiner från NOAA NHC/CPHC. Konen beskriver osäkerheten i den prognostiserade centrumbanan, inte stormens storlek eller hela riskområdet. Etiketterna vid prognospunkterna är källans prognostimmar, inte tider beräknade från bulletinens utfärdande. Geometrin följer ytan; höjden motsvarar ingen höjd i atmosfären. Läs den officiella bulletinen.",
+  "DRIVE": "BIL",
+  "Drive": "Bil",
+  "WALK": "GÅNG",
+  "Walk": "Gång",
+  "BIKE": "CYKEL",
+  "Bike": "Cykel",
+  "rate limited": "för många förfrågningar",
+  "routing service is rate limited": "ruttjänsten har nått gränsen för förfrågningar",
+  "route leg too long": "delsträckan är för lång",
+  "route too long": "rutten är för lång",
+  "{error} — try again in a moment": "{error} – försök igen om en stund",
+  "Routing is rate limited — try again in a moment": "För många ruttförfrågningar – försök igen om en stund",
+  "Routing unavailable (HTTP {status})": "Ruttberäkning otillgänglig (HTTP {status})",
+  "Routing unavailable": "Ruttberäkning otillgänglig",
+  "direction|left": "vänster",
+  "direction|right": "höger",
+  "direction|slightly left": "svagt vänster",
+  "direction|slightly right": "svagt höger",
+  "direction|sharply left": "skarpt vänster",
+  "direction|sharply right": "skarpt höger",
+  "direction|straight": "rakt fram",
+  "direction|around": "i motsatt riktning",
+  "fork direction|left": "vänster",
+  "fork direction|right": "höger",
+  "fork direction|slightly left": "svagt vänster",
+  "fork direction|slightly right": "svagt höger",
+  "fork direction|sharply left": "skarpt vänster",
+  "fork direction|sharply right": "skarpt höger",
+  "fork direction|straight": "rakt fram",
+  "lane direction|left": "vänster",
+  "lane direction|right": "höger",
+  "lane direction|slightly left": "svagt vänstersvängande",
+  "lane direction|slightly right": "svagt högersvängande",
+  "lane direction|sharply left": "skarpt vänstersvängande",
+  "lane direction|sharply right": "skarpt högersvängande",
+  "lane direction|straight": "rakt framgående",
+  "ordinal|{number}st": "{number}:a",
+  "ordinal|{number}nd": "{number}:a",
+  "ordinal|{number}rd": "{number}:e",
+  "ordinal|{number}th": "{number}:e",
+  "Head out on {road}": "Starta på {road}",
+  "Head out": "Starta",
+  "Arrive at your destination, on the left": "Framme vid målet, på vänster sida",
+  "Arrive at your destination, on the right": "Framme vid målet, på höger sida",
+  "Arrive at your destination": "Framme vid målet",
+  "Make a U-turn onto {road}": "Gör en U-sväng in på {road}",
+  "Make a U-turn": "Gör en U-sväng",
+  "Continue straight onto {road}": "Fortsätt rakt fram in på {road}",
+  "Continue straight": "Fortsätt rakt fram",
+  "Turn {direction} onto {road}": "Sväng {direction} in på {road}",
+  "Turn {direction}": "Sväng {direction}",
+  "Turn onto {road}": "Sväng in på {road}",
+  "maneuver|Turn": "Sväng",
+  "Continue {direction} onto {road}": "Fortsätt {direction} in på {road}",
+  "Continue {direction}": "Fortsätt {direction}",
+  "At the end of the road, turn {direction} onto {road}": "Sväng {direction} in på {road} vid vägens slut",
+  "At the end of the road, turn {direction}": "Sväng {direction} vid vägens slut",
+  "At the end of the road, continue onto {road}": "Fortsätt in på {road} vid vägens slut",
+  "At the end of the road, continue": "Fortsätt vid vägens slut",
+  "Keep {direction} at the fork onto {road}": "Håll {direction} vid vägskälet in på {road}",
+  "Keep {direction} at the fork": "Håll {direction} vid vägskälet",
+  "Continue at the fork onto {road}": "Fortsätt vid vägskälet in på {road}",
+  "Continue at the fork": "Fortsätt vid vägskälet",
+  "Merge {direction} onto {road}": "Håll {direction} och kör in på {road}",
+  "Merge {direction}": "Håll {direction} och kör in i trafiken",
+  "Merge onto {road}": "Kör in på {road}",
+  "maneuver|Merge": "Kör in i trafiken",
+  "Take the ramp on the {direction} onto {road}": "Ta påfarten på {direction} sida till {road}",
+  "Take the ramp on the {direction}": "Ta påfarten på {direction} sida",
+  "Take the ramp {direction} onto {road}": "Håll {direction} och ta påfarten till {road}",
+  "Take the ramp {direction}": "Håll {direction} och ta påfarten",
+  "Take the ramp onto {road}": "Ta påfarten till {road}",
+  "Take the ramp": "Ta påfarten",
+  "Take the exit on the {direction} onto {road}": "Ta avfarten på {direction} sida till {road}",
+  "Take the exit on the {direction}": "Ta avfarten på {direction} sida",
+  "Take the exit {direction} onto {road}": "Håll {direction} och ta avfarten till {road}",
+  "Take the exit {direction}": "Håll {direction} och ta avfarten",
+  "Take the exit onto {road}": "Ta avfarten till {road}",
+  "Take the exit": "Ta avfarten",
+  "At the roundabout, take the {exit} exit onto {road}": "Ta {exit} avfarten i rondellen in på {road}",
+  "At the roundabout, take the {exit} exit": "Ta {exit} avfarten i rondellen",
+  "Enter the roundabout onto {road}": "Kör in i rondellen mot {road}",
+  "Enter the roundabout": "Kör in i rondellen",
+  "At the roundabout, turn {direction} onto {road}": "Sväng {direction} i rondellen in på {road}",
+  "At the roundabout, turn {direction}": "Sväng {direction} i rondellen",
+  "At the roundabout, continue onto {road}": "Fortsätt i rondellen in på {road}",
+  "At the roundabout, continue": "Fortsätt i rondellen",
+  "Exit the roundabout onto {road}": "Lämna rondellen och fortsätt på {road}",
+  "Exit the roundabout": "Lämna rondellen",
+  "Use the {direction} lane onto {road}": "Använd {direction} körfält mot {road}",
+  "Use the {direction} lane": "Använd {direction} körfält",
+  "Continue onto {road}": "Fortsätt in på {road}",
+  "maneuver|Continue": "Fortsätt",
+  "{mode} — reroute for {modeLower}": "{mode} – beräkna om rutten för {modeLower}",
+  "CLICK MAP": "KLICKA PÅ KARTAN",
+  "SET A": "VÄLJ A",
+  "Click a spot on the globe to place A (click again to cancel)": "Klicka på en plats på globen för att placera A (klicka igen för att avbryta)",
+  "Then click the globe to place the start": "Klicka sedan på globen för att placera startpunkten",
+  "SET B": "VÄLJ B",
+  "Click a spot on the globe to place B (click again to cancel)": "Klicka på en plats på globen för att placera B (klicka igen för att avbryta)",
+  "Then click the globe to place the destination": "Klicka sedan på globen för att placera målet",
+  "Swap A and B": "Byt plats på A och B",
+  "FLY ···": "FLYG ···",
+  "FLYING": "FLYGER",
+  "FLY": "FLYG",
+  "Fly the camera along the route": "Flyg kameran längs rutten",
+  "Place A and B first": "Placera A och B först",
+  "action|CLEAR": "RENSA",
+  "Remove the route and both markers": "Ta bort rutten och båda markörerna",
+  "press Escape twice to leave Draw": "tryck två gånger på Esc för att lämna ”Rita”",
+  "{name} is active — turn {name} off, then set {endpoint}": "”{name}” är aktivt – stäng av ”{name}” och välj sedan {endpoint}",
+  "{name} is active — {leave}, then set {endpoint}": "”{name}” är aktivt – {leave} och välj sedan {endpoint}",
+  "Only the first {count} turns of this route are shown": "Endast de första {count} svängarna på rutten visas",
+  "Turn-by-turn directions": "Vägbeskrivning steg för steg",
+  "Another map tool is using clicks — close it, then SET A again": "Ett annat kartverktyg använder klicken – stäng det och tryck sedan på VÄLJ A igen",
+  "Routing…": "Beräknar rutt …",
+  "No route found": "Ingen rutt hittades",
+  "{distance} · {duration} · {mode} · first {count} turns": "{distance} · {duration} · {mode} · första {count} svängarna",
+  "{distance} · {duration} · {mode}": "{distance} · {duration} · {mode}",
+  "Click the globe to place {endpoint}": "Klicka på globen för att placera {endpoint}",
+  "SET B, then click the globe": "VÄLJ B och klicka sedan på globen",
+  "SET A, then click the globe": "VÄLJ A och klicka sedan på globen",
+  "Step {step} of {total} · then {leg}": "Steg {step} av {total} · sedan {leg}",
+  "Step {step} of {total}": "Steg {step} av {total}",
+  "Then: {instruction}": "Sedan: {instruction}",
+  "No route found between A and B": "Ingen rutt hittades mellan A och B",
+  "Routing failed: {error}": "Ruttberäkningen misslyckades: {error}",
+  "Routing timed out": "Tidsgränsen för ruttberäkningen överskreds",
+  "Routing unavailable — no response from the routing service": "Ruttberäkning otillgänglig – inget svar från ruttjänsten",
+  "Earthquake source unavailable": "Jordbävningskälla otillgänglig",
+  "live feed unavailable": "liveflödet otillgängligt",
+  "{value}°N": "{value}° N",
+  "{value}°S": "{value}° S",
+  "{value}°E": "{value}° O",
+  "{value}°W": "{value}° V",
+  "fire confidence|high": "hög",
+  "fire confidence|nominal": "normal",
+  "fire confidence|low": "låg",
+  "age|<1h": "<1 h",
+  "age|{count}h": "{count} h",
+  "age|{count}d": "{count} d",
+  "Source snapshot time unavailable": "Tidpunkt för källans ögonblicksbild saknas",
+  "Live data unavailable": "Livedata otillgängliga",
+  "Intel Picture": "Lägesbild",
+  "Kinetic 30d": "Kinetiskt 30 d",
+  "Border Crisis": "Gränskris",
+  "Iran Picture": "Lägesbild Iran",
+  "Iran Kinetic": "Iran kinetiskt",
+  "Yemen FLOT": "Jemen frontlinje",
+  "Latest Drop": "Senaste utgåvan",
+  "GhostMaps file could not be read": "GhostMaps-filen kunde inte läsas",
+  "{count} source links ↗ · click card to open the first": {
+    "one": "{count} källa ↗ · klicka på kortet för att öppna den",
+    "other": "{count} källor ↗ · klicka på kortet för att öppna den första"
+  },
+  "S2 · {name}": "S2 · {name}",
+  "Report": "Rapport",
+  "Open the source for {title}": "Öppna källan för {title}",
+  "GhostMaps catalog unavailable": "GhostMaps-katalogen otillgänglig",
+  "LIVE · GitHub {commit} · {message} · checked every {seconds}s": "LIVE · GitHub {commit} · {message} · kontrolleras med {seconds} s intervall",
+  "GitHub {commit} · {message} · reconnecting for live updates": "GitHub {commit} · {message} · återansluter för liveuppdateringar",
+  "Connecting to the S2 GhostMaps repository…": "Ansluter till GhostMaps-repot från S2 …",
+  "{count} placemarks": {
+    "one": "{count} platsmarkör",
+    "other": "{count} platsmarkörer"
+  },
+  "S2 Underground publishes these KMZ products to GitHub. New uploads are detected within seconds and replace the previous edition automatically. Click a marker for its report.": "S2 Underground publicerar dessa KMZ-produkter på GitHub. Nya uppladdningar upptäcks inom några sekunder och ersätter automatiskt den föregående utgåvan. Klicka på en markör för att se dess rapport.",
+  "Malformed GhostMaps catalog": "Felformaterad GhostMaps-katalog",
+  "Low-accuracy score < 2%": "Värde för låg noggrannhet < 2 %",
+  "Low-accuracy score 2–10%": "Värde för låg noggrannhet 2–10 %",
+  "Low-accuracy score > 10%": "Värde för låg noggrannhet > 10 %",
+  "GNSS integrity source unavailable": "GNSS-integritetskälla otillgänglig",
+  "Regional sample · 250 nm radius · cells from visited views over {minutes} min": "Regionalt urval · radie 250 NM · celler från besökta vyer under {minutes} min",
+  "Retrying automatically at {time} UTC": "Försöker igen automatiskt kl. {time} UTC",
+  "Retrying automatically after provider cooldown": "Försöker igen automatiskt när leverantörens spärrtid är över",
+  "Updates automatically after pan or zoom and once a minute. The public feed covers a 250-nautical-mile circle around the view centre; zooming out does not make it a worldwide snapshot. Blank cells are outside sampled coverage or have insufficient observations.": "Uppdateras automatiskt efter panorering eller zoomning och en gång i minuten. Det öppna flödet täcker en cirkel på 250 nautiska mil runt vyns mitt; att zooma ut gör det inte till en global ögonblicksbild. Tomma celler ligger utanför den samplade täckningen eller har för få observationer.",
+  "Low-accuracy score = 100 × max(0, bad − 1) / total: one aircraft is discounted, so this is not the raw share. Cells need {aircraft} aircraft over {minutes} minutes. Navigation-integrity anomalies are not a detection of jamming or spoofing.": "Värdet för låg noggrannhet = 100 × max(0, dåliga − 1) / totalt: ett luftfartyg räknas bort, så detta är inte den råa andelen. Cellerna kräver {aircraft} luftfartyg under {minutes} minuter. Avvikelser i navigeringsintegriteten innebär inte att störsändning eller vilseledning (jamming eller spoofing) har upptäckts.",
+  "GNSS snapshot needs a view anchor": "GNSS-ögonblicksbilden behöver ett vyankare",
+  "GNSS feed rate limited (HTTP 429)": "GNSS-flödet har nått gränsen för förfrågningar (HTTP 429)",
+  "Malformed GNSS integrity snapshot": "Felformaterad ögonblicksbild av GNSS-integritet",
+  "GNSS integrity snapshot has no observation time": "Ögonblicksbilden av GNSS-integritet saknar observationstid",
+  "installation class|AIRFIELD": "FLYGFÄLT",
+  "installation class|NAVAL BASE": "MARINBAS",
+  "installation class|RANGE": "SKJUTFÄLT",
+  "installation class|MILITARY LAND": "MILITÄR MARK",
+  "installation class|BASE": "BAS",
+  "installation class|BARRACKS": "KASERN",
+  "installation class|TRAINING AREA": "ÖVNINGSFÄLT",
+  "installation class|PLACES CANDIDATE": "FRÅN GOOGLE PLACES",
+  "installation class|INSTALLATION": "ANLÄGGNING",
+  "No mapped sites within {km} km of the contact": "Inga kartlagda platser inom {km} km från kontakten",
+  "{count} mapped sites within {km} km of the contact": {
+    "one": "{count} kartlagd plats inom {km} km från kontakten",
+    "other": "{count} kartlagda platser inom {km} km från kontakten"
+  },
+  "No mapped sites in view": "Inga kartlagda platser i vyn",
+  "{count} mapped sites in view": {
+    "one": "{count} kartlagd plats i vyn",
+    "other": "{count} kartlagda platser i vyn"
+  },
+  "Too many mapped sites in view to list them all": "För många kartlagda platser i vyn för att lista alla",
+  "Installation context unavailable": "Anläggningskontext otillgänglig",
+  "Unknown": "Okänd",
+  "Selected Space Mission": "Valt rymduppdrag",
+  "Malformed launch snapshot": "Felformaterad ögonblicksbild av uppskjutningar",
+  "Heard by your receiver": "Hörd av den egna mottagaren",
+  "1090 MHz": "1090 MHz",
+  "978 MHz UAT": "978 MHz UAT",
+  "browser SDR": "SDR i webbläsaren",
+  "decoder feed": "avkodarflöde",
+  "Your RTL-SDR receiver and decoder feed": "Egen RTL-SDR-mottagare och eget avkodarflöde",
+  "Your decoder feed": "Eget avkodarflöde",
+  "Your RTL-SDR receiver": "Egen RTL-SDR-mottagare",
+  "NO CALLSIGN": "INGEN ANROPSSIGNAL",
+  "ALT {altitude} FT · GS {speed} KT · TRK {track}": "ALT {altitude} FT · GS {speed} KN · TRK {track}",
+  "V/S {rate}": "V/S {rate}",
+  "V/S {rate} FPM": "V/S {rate} FT/MIN",
+  "POSITION {age}": "POSITION {age}",
+  "POSITION {seconds} S AGO": "POSITION FÖR {seconds} S SEDAN",
+  "{count} MSGS": {
+    "one": "{count} MEDD.",
+    "other": "{count} MEDD."
+  },
+  "Decoder feeds": "Avkodarflöden",
+  "WebUSB + decoder feeds": "WebUSB + avkodarflöden",
+  "opening receiver": "öppnar mottagaren",
+  "checking decoder feeds": "kontrollerar avkodarflöden",
+  "WebUSB needs desktop Chrome or Edge": "WebUSB kräver Chrome eller Edge på dator",
+  "connect a receiver in Radio": "anslut en mottagare i ”Radio”",
+  "receiver is in FM mode": "mottagaren är i FM-läge",
+  "listening": "lyssnar",
+  "USB error": "USB-fel",
+  "${amount}K": "{amount} tusen $",
+  "${amount}M": "{amount} milj. $",
+  "${amount}B": "{amount} mdr $",
+  "fire cause|Human": "Mänsklig",
+  "fire cause|Natural": "Naturlig",
+  "fire cause|Undetermined": "Oklar",
+  "fire cause|Unknown": "Okänd",
+  "fire behavior|Minimal": "Minimal",
+  "fire behavior|Moderate": "Måttlig",
+  "fire behavior|Active": "Aktiv",
+  "fire behavior|Extreme": "Extrem",
+  "Type {level} Incident": "Händelse typ {level}",
+  "age|{count}m": "{count} min",
+  "{acres} ac": {
+    "one": "{acres} acre",
+    "other": "{acres} acre"
+  },
+  "{percent}% contained": "{percent} % under kontroll",
+  "containment unknown": "kontrollgrad okänd",
+  "{cause} cause": "{cause} orsak",
+  "{personnel} personnel": {
+    "one": "{personnel} person i insatsen",
+    "other": "{personnel} personer i insatsen"
+  },
+  "{county} County": "{county} County",
+  "{cost} to date": "{cost} hittills",
+  "discovered {age} ago": "upptäckt för {age} sedan",
+  "updated {age} ago": "uppdaterad för {age} sedan",
+  "part of {complex}": "del av {complex}",
+  "InciWeb ↗ · click card to open": "InciWeb ↗ · klicka på kortet för att öppna",
+  "FIRE · {name}": "BRAND · {name}",
+  "Unnamed incident": "Namnlös händelse",
+  "Open {title} on InciWeb": "Öppna {title} på InciWeb",
+  "Perimeter source unavailable": "Källa för brandgränser otillgänglig",
+  "Not contained or unknown": "Inte under kontroll eller okänt",
+  "Under 50% contained": "Mindre än 50 % under kontroll",
+  "50–99% contained": "50–99 % under kontroll",
+  "Fully contained": "Helt under kontroll",
+  "Colour shows reported containment. Perimeters are simplified to about 100 m.": "Färgen visar rapporterad kontrollgrad. Brandgränserna är förenklade till cirka 100 m.",
+  "Malformed perimeter snapshot": "Felformaterad ögonblicksbild av brandgränser",
+  "radio tag|All": "Alla",
+  "Directory refresh degraded; showing the previous station catalog.": "Uppdateringen av katalogen är begränsad; visar den tidigare stationskatalogen.",
+  "Radio directory coverage is degraded.": "Radiokatalogens täckning är begränsad.",
+  "Directory refresh failed; showing the previous station catalog.": "Uppdateringen av katalogen misslyckades; visar den tidigare stationskatalogen.",
+  "Radio directory is temporarily unavailable.": "Radiokatalogen är tillfälligt otillgänglig.",
+  "radio|NEWS": "NYHETER",
+  "radio|WEATHER": "VÄDER",
+  "radio|OTHER": "ÖVR.",
+  "Broadcaster stream is unavailable or blocked by the browser.": "Stationens ström är otillgänglig eller blockeras av webbläsaren.",
+  "Playback requires a direct click or tap.": "Uppspelning kräver ett direkt klick eller tryck.",
+  "Broadcaster stream could not be started.": "Stationens ström kunde inte startas.",
+  "overview": "översikt",
+  "cloud unknown": "molnighet okänd",
+  "{percent}% scene cloud": "{percent} % molntäcke i scenen",
+  "{min}–{max}% scene cloud": "{min}–{max} % molntäcke i scenen",
+  "Comparison in use by another scene": "Jämförelsen används av en annan scen",
+  "Esri map unavailable · no swipe": "Esri-kartan otillgänglig · ingen svepjämförelse",
+  "Swipe needs a globe map": "Svepjämförelse kräver en globkarta",
+  "Imagery stays on Esri · CLEAR to use Google 3D": "Bilderna ligger kvar på Esri · RENSA för att använda Google 3D",
+  "Imagery catalog unavailable": "Bildkatalogen otillgänglig",
+  "Catalog truncated · a newer clear day may exist": "Katalogen avkortad · det kan finnas en nyare molnfri dag",
+  "{label} catalog unavailable · {detail}": "{label}-katalogen otillgänglig · {detail}",
+  "Daily overview for today may still be empty until the pass": "Dagens dagliga översikt kan vara tom tills satelliten har passerat",
+  "Box and images cleared": "Området och bilderna rensade",
+  "MORE DETAIL · 30 m": "MER DETALJER · 30 m",
+  "Sentinel-2 and Landsat via HLS, 30 m, every 2–6 days": "Sentinel-2 och Landsat via HLS, 30 m, med 2–6 dagars intervall",
+  "DAILY OVERVIEW · 250 m": "DAGLIG ÖVERSIKT · 250 m",
+  "VIIRS daily mosaic, 250 m, follows broad changes; little detail under 25 km": "VIIRS-dagsmosaik, 250 m, visar storskaliga förändringar; få detaljer under 25 km",
+  "Sentinel-2": "Sentinel-2",
+  "Sentinel-2 via HLS": "Sentinel-2 via HLS",
+  "Landsat 8/9": "Landsat 8/9",
+  "Landsat 8/9 via HLS": "Landsat 8/9 via HLS",
+  "Daily overview": "Daglig översikt",
+  "Box edges must be finite": "Områdets kanter måste vara ändliga",
+  "Longitudes must be within ±180°": "Longituderna måste ligga inom ±180°",
+  "Select one side of the dateline": "Välj en sida av datumgränsen",
+  "Box must enclose an area": "Området måste omsluta en yta",
+  "CelesTrak unreachable": "CelesTrak går inte att nå",
+  "DOCKED · {name} · +{extra}": "DOCKAD · {name} · +{extra}",
+  "DOCKED · {name}": "DOCKAD · {name}",
+  "{name} needs the Google 3D map: choose it under MAP SOURCE": "{name} kräver Google 3D-kartan: välj den under KARTKÄLLA",
+  "zoom in to a street to open {name}": "zooma in på en gata för att öppna {name}",
+  "loading coverage...": "laddar täckning …",
+  "No street-level imagery within {radius} m of that point": "Inga bilder på gatunivå inom {radius} m från den punkten",
+  "No street-level imagery within {radius} m of the view centre": "Inga bilder på gatunivå inom {radius} m från vyns mitt",
+  "Zoom in to see street-level coverage": "Zooma in för att se täckningen på gatunivå",
+  "Point the camera at the ground for street-level coverage": "Rikta kameran mot marken för att se täckningen på gatunivå",
+  "Coverage tile failed": "Täckningsrutan kunde inte laddas",
+  "The photo could not be loaded": "Fotot kunde inte laddas",
+  "{name} photo. ← and → step along the sequence. On a 360° photo, drag or use Shift+← →, ↑ ↓ to look around, and + − to zoom": "{name}-foto. ← och → stegar genom sekvensen. På ett 360°-foto: dra eller använd Skift+← →, ↑ ↓ för att titta runt och + − för att zooma",
+  "{name} street-level photo": "{name}-foto på gatunivå",
+  "Previous photo in this sequence (←)": "Föregående foto i sekvensen (←)",
+  "Next photo in this sequence (→)": "Nästa foto i sekvensen (→)",
+  "Aim the middle of the view at a street to look for imagery there": "Rikta vyns mitt mot en gata för att söka efter bilder där",
+  "KEY REJECTED": "NYCKEL AVVISAD",
+  "GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY is not set": "GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY är inte angiven",
+  "The Google Maps JavaScript API could not load": "Google Maps JavaScript API kunde inte laddas",
+  "Google Street View": "Google Street View",
+  "GOOGLE STREET VIEW": "GOOGLE STREET VIEW",
+  "Google refused GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY for Street View — check that the Maps JavaScript API is enabled for it and this site is an allowed referrer": "Google avvisade GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY för Street View – kontrollera att Maps JavaScript API är aktiverat för nyckeln och att den här webbplatsen är en tillåten referent",
+  "Street View did not answer — check the network, and that the Maps JavaScript API is enabled for GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY": "Street View svarade inte – kontrollera nätverket och att Maps JavaScript API är aktiverat för GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY",
+  "click a street to open Street View": "klicka på en gata för att öppna Street View",
+  "Street View has no imagery for this place": "Street View har inga bilder för den här platsen",
+  "KartaView has no position for this photo": "KartaView har ingen position för det här fotot",
+  "The KartaView photo could not be loaded": "KartaView-fotot kunde inte laddas",
+  "zoom in to see KartaView coverage": "zooma in för att se KartaView-täckningen",
+  "no KartaView photos in view": "inga KartaView-foton i vyn",
+  "KartaView is rate-limiting requests — they resume on their own": "KartaView begränsar antalet förfrågningar – de återupptas automatiskt",
+  "KartaView’s photos here are archived and cannot be shown": "KartaViews foton här är arkiverade och kan inte visas",
+  "KartaView did not filter this area in time — move the map to ask again": "KartaView hann inte filtrera området – flytta kartan för att fråga igen",
+  "None of KartaView’s photos here pass the imagery filter": "Inga av KartaViews foton här klarar bildfiltret",
+  "KartaView did not answer in time — try again": "KartaView svarade inte i tid – försök igen",
+  "KartaView could not be reached — check the network": "KartaView kunde inte nås – kontrollera nätverket",
+  "KartaView sent an answer that could not be read": "KartaView skickade ett svar som inte kunde läsas",
+  "KartaView is rate-limiting requests": "KartaView begränsar antalet förfrågningar",
+  "KartaView sent too much data": "KartaView skickade för mycket data",
+  "KartaView is rate-limiting requests — try again in a moment": "KartaView begränsar antalet förfrågningar – försök igen om en stund",
+  "KartaView has no such photo": "KartaView har inget sådant foto",
+  "Mapillary rejected MAPILLARY_CLIENT_TOKEN — replace it in Provider Settings": "Mapillary avvisade MAPILLARY_CLIENT_TOKEN – byt ut den under Leverantörsinställningar",
+  "Coverage requests are being rate-limited — they resume on their own": "Täckningsförfrågningarna begränsas – de återupptas automatiskt",
+  "The Panoramax photo could not be loaded": "Panoramax-fotot kunde inte laddas",
+  "Panoramax is busy — coverage resumes on its own": "Panoramax har hög belastning – täckningen återupptas automatiskt",
+  "no Panoramax photos in view": "inga Panoramax-foton i vyn",
+  "no Panoramax photos here match the filters": "inga Panoramax-foton här matchar filtren",
+  "Panoramax sent a map tile that could not be read": "Panoramax skickade en kartruta som inte kunde läsas",
+  "This Panoramax photo is no longer available": "Det här Panoramax-fotot är inte längre tillgängligt",
+  "zoom in to see Panoramax coverage": "zooma in för att se Panoramax-täckningen",
+  "Panoramax did not answer in time — try again": "Panoramax svarade inte i tid – försök igen",
+  "Panoramax could not be reached — check the connection": "Panoramax kunde inte nås – kontrollera anslutningen",
+  "Panoramax sent too much data": "Panoramax skickade för mycket data",
+  "Panoramax is busy": "Panoramax har hög belastning",
+  "Panoramax sent an unreadable answer": "Panoramax skickade ett oläsbart svar",
+  "Sequence images unavailable": "Sekvensbilder otillgängliga",
+  "No street-level imagery providers configured": "Inga leverantörer av bilder på gatunivå har konfigurerats",
+  "(by upload date)": "(efter uppladdningsdatum)",
+  "Open the Street Level panel to view imagery": "Öppna panelen ”Gatunivå” för att visa bilder",
+  "Image could not be opened": "Bilden kunde inte öppnas",
+  "TeleGeography load failed": "TeleGeography kunde inte laddas",
+  "UNAVAILABLE · {source} · Roads unavailable": "OTILLGÄNGLIG · {source} · Vägar otillgängliga",
+  "Roads: {source}": "Vägar: {source}",
+  "TomTom roads unavailable while the traffic service is unreachable": "TomTom-vägar är otillgängliga så länge trafiktjänsten inte kan nås",
+  "Hybrid unavailable while the traffic service is unreachable": "Läget Hybrid är otillgängligt så länge trafiktjänsten inte kan nås",
+  "TomTom roads need a TomTom key": "TomTom-vägar kräver en TomTom-nyckel",
+  "Hybrid needs a TomTom key": "Läget Hybrid kräver en TomTom-nyckel",
+  "Local surface still loading": "Lokal yta laddas fortfarande",
+  "Partial coverage": "Delvis täckning",
+  "Detailed roads unavailable": "Detaljerade vägar otillgängliga",
+  "Reduced detail coverage": "Minskad detaljtäckning",
+  "TomTom roads only, each with its live flow": "Endast TomTom-vägar, var och en med trafikflöde i realtid",
+  "TomTom roads only, each with its live flow (needs a TomTom key)": "Endast TomTom-vägar, var och en med trafikflöde i realtid (kräver en TomTom-nyckel)",
+  "OpenStreetMap roads, with TomTom flow matched when available": "OpenStreetMap-vägar, med matchat TomTom-trafikflöde när det finns",
+  "TomTom roads first; OpenStreetMap fills the rest, simulated": "TomTom-vägar först; OpenStreetMap fyller i resten, simulerat",
+  "TomTom roads first; OpenStreetMap fills the rest, simulated (needs a TomTom key)": "TomTom-vägar först; OpenStreetMap fyller i resten, simulerat (kräver en TomTom-nyckel)",
+  "Hybrid": "Hybrid",
+  "Lines": "Linjer",
+  "Dots": "Punkter",
+  "Road lines colored by live flow: green to red": "Vägar färgade efter trafikflödet live: grönt till rött",
+  "Moving dots colored by live flow": "Rörliga punkter färgade efter trafikflödet live",
+  "Moving dots": "Rörliga punkter",
+  "TomTom key unavailable": "TomTom-nyckel otillgänglig",
+  "TomTom daily budget reached": "TomTom-dagsbudgeten är förbrukad",
+  "Monthly traffic allowance used": "Månadens trafikkvot är förbrukad",
+  "Traffic rate limit reached": "Trafiktjänsten har nått gränsen för förfrågningar",
+  "Traffic service unavailable": "Trafiktjänsten är otillgänglig",
+  "TomTom upstream unreachable": "TomTom-tjänsten går inte att nå",
+  "TomTom flow unavailable": "TomTom-trafikflöde otillgängligt",
+  "SIMULATED — {reason}": "SIMULERAT – {reason}",
+  "OpenFreeMap tiles rate-limited": "OpenFreeMap-kartrutor: för många förfrågningar",
+  "OpenFreeMap tiles timed out": "OpenFreeMap-kartrutor: tidsgränsen överskreds",
+  "OpenFreeMap tiles unavailable": "OpenFreeMap-kartrutor otillgängliga",
+  "occupancy|empty": "tomt",
+  "occupancy|many seats available": "många lediga sittplatser",
+  "occupancy|few seats available": "få lediga sittplatser",
+  "occupancy|standing room only": "endast ståplatser",
+  "occupancy|crushed standing room only": "endast ståplatser, mycket trångt",
+  "occupancy|full": "fullt",
+  "occupancy|not accepting passengers": "tar inte emot resenärer",
+  "occupancy|not boardable": "går inte att stiga på",
+  "Route {route}": "Linje {route}",
+  "Vehicle {vehicle}": "Fordon {vehicle}",
+  "vehicle motion|Stopped": "Står still",
+  "No recent fix": "Ingen aktuell position",
+  "Waiting for update": "Väntar på uppdatering",
+  "Moving": "I rörelse",
+  "reported {speed} km/h": "rapporterad fart {speed} km/h",
+  "reported hdg {heading}°": "rapporterad kurs {heading}°",
+  "Last report: stopped at stop {stop}": "Senaste rapport: står vid hållplats {stop}",
+  "Last report: arriving at stop {stop}": "Senaste rapport: ankommer till hållplats {stop}",
+  "Last report: next stop {stop}": "Senaste rapport: nästa hållplats {stop}",
+  "Shown at street level · depth not in the feed": "Visas på gatunivå · djup saknas i flödet",
+  "Reported {seconds} s ago": "Rapporterad för {seconds} s sedan",
+  "Reported {minutes} min ago": "Rapporterad för {minutes} min sedan",
+  "shown {seconds} s behind": "visas med {seconds} s fördröjning",
+  "{reported} (feed time)": "{reported} (flödestid)",
+  "Available trail: {minutes} min (limited)": "Tillgängligt spår: {minutes} min (begränsat)",
+  "Available trail: {minutes} min": "Tillgängligt spår: {minutes} min",
+  "Bus": "Buss",
+  "Tram": "Spårvagn",
+  "Subway": "Tunnelbana",
+  "Train": "Tåg",
+  "Ferry": "Färja",
+  "Transit vehicle": "Kollektivtrafikfordon",
+  "{speed}KT": "{speed} KN",
+  "{heading}DEG": "{heading}°",
+  "AIS live load failed": "AIS-livedata kunde inte laddas",
+  "AISSTREAM_API_KEY not set": "AISSTREAM_API_KEY är inte angiven",
+  "live feed unsupported": "liveflöde stöds inte",
+  "connecting to feed…": "ansluter till flödet …",
+  "feed disconnected": "flödet frånkopplat",
+  "feed down": "flödet nere",
+  "feed idle": "flödet inaktivt",
+  "API key rejected — check AISSTREAM_API_KEY": "API-nyckeln avvisades – kontrollera AISSTREAM_API_KEY",
+  "feed silent {seconds}s — no AIS data": "flödet tyst i {seconds} s – inga AIS-data",
+  "feed silent — no AIS data": "flödet tyst – inga AIS-data",
+  "feed down — retrying slowly (attempt {attempt})": "flödet nere – försöker igen med längre intervall (försök {attempt})",
+  "reconnecting to feed… (attempt {attempt})": "återansluter till flödet … (försök {attempt})",
+  "feed down — retrying slowly": "flödet nere – försöker igen med längre intervall",
+  "reconnecting to feed…": "återansluter till flödet …",
+  "Focus vessel {name}, MMSI {mmsi}": "Fokusera på fartyget {name}, MMSI {mmsi}",
+  "Hidden by this map source · choose a globe map": "Dolt av den här kartkällan · välj en globkarta",
+  "Weather image HTTP {status}": "Väderbild HTTP {status}",
+  "Weather HTTP {status}": "Väder HTTP {status}",
+  "Frame unavailable; previous observation retained": "Bildruta otillgänglig; föregående observation behålls",
+  "Weather imagery unavailable": "Väderbilder otillgängliga",
+  "Weather source unavailable; previous observation retained": "Väderkälla otillgänglig; föregående observation behålls",
+  "Weather unavailable": "Väder otillgängligt",
+  "No frame within {gap} min of {time}": "Ingen bildruta inom {gap} min från {time}",
+  "No frame within {gap} h of {time}": "Ingen bildruta inom {gap} h från {time}",
+  "{hours}h {minutes}m ago": "för {hours} h {minutes} min sedan",
+  "{minutes}m ago": "för {minutes} min sedan",
+  "{state} · {time} · {lag}": "{state} · {time} · {lag}",
+  "Observed": "Observerat",
+  "History": "Historik",
+  "Observation unavailable": "Observation otillgänglig",
+  "Waiting for observation": "Väntar på observation",
+  "{detail} · synced": "{detail} · synkroniserad",
+  "{detail} · nearest": "{detail} · närmast i tid",
+  "RADAR REFLECTIVITY · dBZ": "RADARREFLEKTIVITET · dBZ",
+  "LIGHTNING DENSITY · 15 min accumulation": "BLIXTTÄTHET · summerat över 15 min",
+  "GLOBAL INFRARED · hourly": "GLOBALT INFRARÖTT · varje timme",
+  "GOES INFRARED · ~5 min": "GOES-INFRARÖTT · ~5 min",
+  "{state}: {time}": "{state}: {time}",
+  "Latest observation": "Senaste observation",
+  "frame {index}/{total}": "bildruta {index}/{total}",
+  "loading": "laddar",
+  "Observation: unavailable": "Observation: otillgänglig",
+  "Contiguous US · gaps ≠ no rain": "Kontinentala USA · luckor ≠ inget regn",
+  "Americas + Pacific · not individual strikes": "Amerika + Stilla havet · inte enskilda nedslag",
+  "Color: strikes/km²/min ×10³": "Färg: nedslag/km²/min ×10³",
+  "Color: {units}": "Färg: {units}",
+  "RADAR · {units}": "RADAR · {units}",
+  "60°S–60°N · typically 2–3 h delayed": "60° S–60° N · oftast 2–3 h fördröjning",
+  "North America · infrared imagery": "Nordamerika · infraröda bilder",
+  "Reduced motion · history playback unavailable": "Minskad rörelse · uppspelning av historik otillgänglig",
+  "Reduced motion · manual history available": "Minskad rörelse · manuell historik tillgänglig",
+  "Rain radar · US": "Regnradar · USA",
+  "Lightning density · 15 min": "Blixttäthet · 15 min",
+  "Satellite clouds": "Satellitmoln",
+  "Americas + Pacific": "Amerika + Stilla havet",
+  "Global · 60°S–60°N": "Globalt · 60° S–60° N",
+  "North America": "Nordamerika",
+  "Source observations delayed": "Källans observationer är fördröjda",
+  "Stale source": "Inaktuell källa",
+  "Loading next frame…": "Laddar nästa bildruta …",
+  "Map center outside coverage": "Kartmitten utanför täckningsområdet",
+  "strikes/km²/min ×10³": "nedslag/km²/min ×10³",
+  "N. America": "Nordamerika",
+  "Global": "Globalt",
+  "Hourly global mosaic; usually 2–3 hours delayed": "Global mosaik varje timme; vanligtvis 2–3 timmars fördröjning",
+  "GOES regional clouds; approximately 5-minute updates": "Regionala GOES-molnbilder; uppdateras ungefär var 5:e minut",
+  "Clouds only": "Endast moln",
+  "Apply the full cloud brightness key; 100% filter strength": "Använd hela ljusstyrkeskalan för moln; filterstyrka 100 %",
+  "Full": "Hel bild",
+  "Show the complete infrared image; 0% filter strength": "Visa hela den infraröda bilden; filterstyrka 0 %",
+  "Soft": "Svag",
+  "Vivid": "Kraftig",
+  "Image opacity; does not alter the observed values": "Bildens opacitet; ändrar inte de observerade värdena",
+  "View US radar": "Visa USA-radar",
+  "View Americas & Pacific": "Visa Amerika och Stilla havet",
+  "View coverage": "Visa täckning",
+  "{value} strikes/km²/min ×10³ (15-minute density)": "{value} nedslag/km²/min ×10³ (täthet över 15 min)",
+  "{value} dBZ radar reflectivity": "{value} dBZ radarreflektivitet",
+  "STALE · cached source metadata": "INAKTUELL · cachade källmetadata",
+  "Map center is outside source coverage": "Kartmitten ligger utanför källans täckning",
+  "NOAA/NWS 15-minute lightning density derived from Vaisala NLDN/GLD360. Coverage 110°E across the Pacific/Americas to 0°, 25°S–80°N. Not a live strike count, global coverage or a safety warning.": "Blixttäthet över 15 minuter från NOAA/NWS, härledd från Vaisala NLDN/GLD360. Täckning från 110° O över Stilla havet/Amerika till 0°, 25° S–80° N. Ingen liveräkning av nedslag, ingen global täckning och ingen säkerhetsvarning.",
+  "NOAA MRMS radar echoes indicate precipitation patterns, not rain rate, a storm warning or a future forecast. Native source approximately 1 km; display is limited to level 6. Frames use exact advertised observation times.": "Radarekon från NOAA MRMS visar nederbördsmönster, inte regnintensitet, ovädersvarning eller prognos. Källans egen upplösning är ungefär 1 km; visningen är begränsad till nivå 6. Bildrutorna använder exakt angivna observationstider.",
+  "GOES-19/18 longwave infrared Band 14 regional; NESDIS global longwave mosaic. Clouds only dims everything but bright, cold cloud tops; a brightness filter, not a cloud mask. Coverage and freshness differ by region.": "Regionalt: långvågig infraröd från GOES-19/18, band 14; globalt: långvågig mosaik från NESDIS. ”Endast moln” dämpar allt utom ljusa, kalla molntoppar; ett ljusstyrkefilter, inte en molnmask. Täckning och aktualitet varierar mellan regioner.",
+  "REGION": "REGION",
+  "IMAGE": "BILD",
+  "FILTER": "FILTER",
+  "Cloud filter strength": "Molnfiltrets styrka",
+  "OPACITY": "OPACITET",
+  "Infrared decode failed": "Avkodning av infraröd bild misslyckades",
+  "Weather prefetch unavailable": "Förhämtning av väder otillgänglig",
+  "Weather tiles unavailable · previous frame retained": "Väderrutor otillgängliga · föregående bildruta behålls",
+  "Some weather tiles unavailable": "Vissa väderrutor otillgängliga",
+  "Malformed weather manifest": "Felaktigt vädermanifest",
+  "Weather request timed out": "Väderförfrågan överskred tidsgränsen",
+  "Temperature field unavailable": "Temperaturfält otillgängligt",
+  "Mean sea level pressure field unavailable": "Fält för lufttryck vid havsytan otillgängligt",
+  "Wind upstream unavailable": "Vindtjänsten otillgänglig",
+  "{source} HTTP {status}": "{source} HTTP {status}",
+  "Wind": "Vind",
+  "Wind source unavailable": "Vindkälla otillgänglig",
+  "Forecast · does not follow history": "Prognos · följer inte historiken",
+  "Wind motion": "Vindrörelse",
+  "Wind speed": "Vindhastighet",
+  "Sea-level pressure": "Lufttryck vid havsytan",
+  "Air temperature · 2 m": "Lufttemperatur · 2 m",
+  "Global · 1° grid": "Globalt · 1°-rutnät",
+  "{model} forecast · {time}": "{model}-prognos · {time}",
+  "Loading forecast": "Laddar prognos",
+  "Preparing flow": "Förbereder vindflöde",
+  "Selected field unavailable": "Valt fält otillgängligt",
+  "Cached forecast · stale": "Cachad prognos · inaktuell",
+  "ECMWF IFS surface forecast": "Markprognos från ECMWF IFS",
+  "NOAA GFS surface forecast": "Markprognos från NOAA GFS",
+  "Reduced motion": "Minskad rörelse",
+  "Pause visual flow; forecast time does not advance with animation": "Pausa det visuella flödet; prognostiden går inte framåt med animeringen",
+  "None": "Ingen",
+  "Speed": "Hastighet",
+  "Pressure": "Lufttryck",
+  "Temperature": "Temperatur",
+  "Wind trails with no field shading": "Vindspår utan fältskuggning",
+  "How hard the surface wind is blowing": "Hur hårt det blåser vid marken",
+  "Sea-level air pressure: broad highs and lows": "Lufttryck vid havsytan: storskaliga högtryck och lågtryck",
+  "Air temperature two meters above the surface": "Lufttemperatur två meter över marken",
+  "Wind speed units": "Enheter för vindhastighet",
+  "Read wind at map center": "Läs av vinden i kartans mitt",
+  "Read the forecast at the center of the map without changing selection": "Läs av prognosen i kartans mitt utan att ändra urvalet",
+  "{model} forecast · {field} ({unit})": "{model}-prognos · {field} ({unit})",
+  "Valid: {time}": "Giltig: {time}",
+  "preparing": "förbereder",
+  "Issued: {time}": "Utfärdad: {time}",
+  "Selected field unavailable · wind remains visible": "Valt fält otillgängligt · vinden visas fortfarande",
+  "{error} · wind remains visible": "{error} · vinden visas fortfarande",
+  "Surface wind at 10 m. Approximately 1° global grid. Curves follow the 10 m wind field, lifted 12 km for visibility; display height is not weather altitude. View lighting is for readability. Animation shows flow through one fixed forecast; it does not advance time. Color fields drape the globe basemap or the active photorealistic 3D Tiles.": "Vind vid marken på 10 m höjd. Globalt rutnät på ungefär 1°. Kurvorna följer vindfältet på 10 m, lyfta 12 km för att synas; visningshöjden är ingen väderhöjd. Belysningen finns för läsbarhetens skull. Animeringen visar flödet i en enda fast prognos; tiden går inte framåt. Färgfälten läggs över globens bakgrundskarta eller de aktiva fotorealistiska 3D Tiles.",
+  "MODEL": "MODELL",
+  "FIELD": "FÄLT",
+  "UNITS": "ENHETER",
+  "MOTION": "RÖRELSE",
+  "Forecast": "Prognos",
+  "N": "N",
+  "NNE": "NNO",
+  "NE": "NO",
+  "ENE": "ONO",
+  "E": "O",
+  "ESE": "OSO",
+  "SE": "SO",
+  "SSE": "SSO",
+  "S": "S",
+  "SSW": "SSV",
+  "SW": "SV",
+  "WSW": "VSV",
+  "W": "V",
+  "WNW": "VNV",
+  "NW": "NV",
+  "NNW": "NNV",
+  "No surface reading": "Inget värde vid marken",
+  "Aim the map center at Earth": "Rikta kartans mitt mot jorden",
+  "A location reading needs a loaded forecast and the Earth at the center of the view.": "En avläsning på platsen kräver en laddad prognos och jorden i vyns mitt.",
+  "Interpolated model forecast on an approximately 1° grid. Broad weather patterns, not a street-level measurement.": "Interpolerad modellprognos på ett rutnät på ungefär 1°. Storskaliga vädermönster, inte en mätning på gatunivå.",
+  " · calm": " · vindstilla",
+  " from {direction}": " från {direction}",
+  "WIND AT {coordinates}": "VIND VID {coordinates}",
+  "{model} · valid {time}": "{model} · giltig {time}",
+  "Wind speed field unavailable": "Vindhastighetsfält otillgängligt",
+  "Globe imagery unavailable": "Globbilder otillgängliga",
+  "Globe field image unavailable": "Fältbild för globen otillgänglig",
+  "Unknown wind model": "Okänd vindmodell",
+  "Unknown weather overlay": "Okänt väderöverlägg",
+  "Wind request timed out": "Vindförfrågan överskred tidsgränsen",
+  "Malformed wind manifest": "Felaktigt vindmanifest",
+  "Malformed wind grid": "Felaktigt vindrutnät",
+  "Google 3D tiles unavailable — check the key's API restrictions, quota, or network": "Google 3D Tiles otillgängliga – kontrollera nyckelns API-begränsningar, kvot eller nätverk",
+  "Needs {envVars} — add it in Provider Settings — or a Cesium ion token for the ion-hosted route": "Kräver {envVars} – lägg till under Leverantörsinställningar – eller en Cesium ion-token för varianten som ion är värd för",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a camera": "Lämna cockpiten för att flyga till en kamera",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a location": "Lämna cockpiten för att flyga till en plats",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a photo": "Lämna cockpiten för att flyga till ett foto",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a shared view": "Lämna cockpiten för att flyga till en delad vy",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a target": "Lämna cockpiten för att flyga till ett mål",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a vessel": "Lämna cockpiten för att flyga till ett fartyg",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a fire": "Lämna cockpiten för att flyga till en brand",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a route": "Lämna cockpiten för att flyga till en rutt",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a file": "Lämna cockpiten för att flyga till en fil",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a scene": "Lämna cockpiten för att flyga till en scen",
+  "Exit cockpit to view weather coverage": "Lämna cockpiten för att visa vädertäckningen",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a cyclone": "Lämna cockpiten för att flyga till en cyklon",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to an aircraft": "Lämna cockpiten för att flyga till ett luftfartyg",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a satellite": "Lämna cockpiten för att flyga till en satellit",
+  "Exit cockpit to frame contacts": "Lämna cockpiten för att rama in kontakter",
+  "Focusing {label}": "Fokuserar på {label}",
+  "Source": "Källa",
+  "Camera ownership changed": "Kamerastyrningen har bytt ägare",
+  "Saved project could not be read; storage preserved. Import a valid file to resume saving.": "Det sparade projektet kunde inte läsas; lagringen har bevarats. Importera en giltig fil för att kunna spara igen.",
+  "Scene layer turned off": "Scenlagret avstängt",
+  "Stopped": "Stoppad",
+  "Scene not saved — existing saved project could not be read. Export edits or import a valid file.": "Scenen sparades inte – det befintliga sparade projektet kunde inte läsas. Exportera ändringarna eller importera en giltig fil.",
+  "Scene not saved — {reason}": "Scenen sparades inte – {reason}",
+  "Scene not saved — browser storage unavailable": "Scenen sparades inte – webbläsarens lagring är otillgänglig",
+  "Cannot update {scene}: shot inventory changed": "Kan inte uppdatera {scene}: uppsättningen tagningar har ändrats",
+  "Cannot update {scene}: evidence beats changed": "Kan inte uppdatera {scene}: bevismomenten har ändrats",
+  "Cannot update {scene}: shot bindings are incomplete": "Kan inte uppdatera {scene}: tagningarnas kopplingar är ofullständiga",
+  "Updated {count} shots: {scene}": {
+    "one": "{count} tagning uppdaterad: {scene}",
+    "other": "{count} tagningar uppdaterade: {scene}"
+  },
+  "Appended {count} shots: {scene}": {
+    "one": "{count} tagning tillagd: {scene}",
+    "other": "{count} tagningar tillagda: {scene}"
+  },
+  "Could not leave scene: {scene}": "Kunde inte lämna scenen: {scene}",
+  "Seeked: {scene} / {shot}": "Hoppade till: {scene} / {shot}",
+  "Seeking scene clock": "Spolar scenklockan",
+  "Scene transition limit reached — load a shot to reset": "Gränsen för scenövergångar har nåtts – ladda en tagning för att återställa",
+  "Export failed: {error}": "Exporten misslyckades: {error}",
+  "Importing project": "Importerar projekt",
+  "Imported {file}": "{file} importerad",
+  "Import failed: {error}": "Importen misslyckades: {error}",
+  "Import failed (could not read JSON file)": "Importen misslyckades (JSON-filen kunde inte läsas)",
+  "Layers refused: {layers}": "Avvisade lager: {layers}",
+  "Camera move interrupted": "Kameraåkningen avbröts",
+  "Scene media timed out": "Tidsgränsen överskreds för scenmedia",
+  "Action complete": "Åtgärden slutförd",
+  "Action unavailable or cancelled": "Åtgärden otillgänglig eller avbruten",
+  "Scene actions": "Scenåtgärder",
+  "Select a feature or use Tab and Enter to choose an action.": "Välj ett objekt eller använd Tab och Enter för att välja en åtgärd.",
+  "Selected feature: {feature}. Choose an action.": "Valt objekt: {feature}. Välj en åtgärd.",
+  "Bhote Koshi Evidence Sequence": "Bhote Koshi: bevissekvens",
+  "Nepal Flood Incident": "Översvämningen i Nepal",
+  "Global Incident Context": "Händelsen i ett globalt sammanhang",
+  "Nepal-Focused Globe Rotation": "Globrotation med fokus på Nepal",
+  "Bhote Koshi Regional Approach": "Bhote Koshi: inflygning över regionen",
+  "Bhote Koshi Nearby Cities": "Bhote Koshi: närliggande städer",
+  "Bhote Koshi Incident Corridor": "Bhote Koshi: händelsekorridoren",
+  "Bhote Koshi Flood Path": "Bhote Koshi: flodvågens väg",
+  "Bhote Koshi Corridor Overview": "Bhote Koshi: översikt över korridoren",
+  "Bhote Koshi Upper Valley": "Bhote Koshi: övre dalen",
+  "Upper Valley Collapse": "Raset i övre dalen",
+  "Debris-Dammed Lake": "Sjö uppdämd av rasmassor",
+  "Nepal-China Border Gate": "Gränsövergången Nepal–Kina",
+  "Timure Evidence Cluster": "Bevisklustret vid Timure",
+  "Syabru Besi Passage": "Passagen vid Syabru Besi",
+  "Bidur / Trishuli Consequence": "Följderna i Bidur / Trishuli",
+  "Final view": "Slutvy",
+  "Scene {n}": "Scen {n}",
+  "the title of scene {scene} is empty or longer than {max} characters": "titeln på scen {scene} är tom eller längre än {max} tecken",
+  "the title of shot {shot} in scene {scene} is empty or longer than {max} characters": "titeln på tagning {shot} i scen {scene} är tom eller längre än {max} tecken",
+  "the project is larger than 5 MiB": "projektet är större än 5 MiB",
+  "the project has too many shots": "projektet har för många tagningar",
+  "the scene data failed validation": "scendata klarade inte valideringen",
+  "Could not complete this action. Check the file, references and selected assets.": "Åtgärden kunde inte slutföras. Kontrollera filen, referenserna och de valda resurserna.",
+  "{count} scenes": {
+    "one": "{count} scen",
+    "other": "{count} scener"
+  },
+  "{count} shots": {
+    "one": "{count} tagning",
+    "other": "{count} tagningar"
+  },
+  "{count} data packs": {
+    "one": "{count} datapaket",
+    "other": "{count} datapaket"
+  },
+  "{scene} / {pack}: {status}. File: {path}. {attribution} · {license}": "{scene} / {pack}: {status}. Fil: {path}. {attribution} · {license}",
+  "Unavailable layers: {layers}": "Otillgängliga lager: {layers}",
+  "Uses registered content or linked media. Those external files are not included in a scene bundle. Their original notices still apply.": "Använder registrerat innehåll eller länkade medier. De externa filerna ingår inte i ett scenpaket. Deras ursprungliga upphovs- och licensmeddelanden gäller fortfarande.",
+  "{bytes} bundled bytes verified. Files stay in memory for this session. Reimport the bundle after reloading the app.": "{bytes} byte i paketet verifierade. Filerna finns kvar i minnet under den här sessionen. Importera paketet igen när appen har laddats om.",
+  "Review scene import": "Granska scenimport",
+  "Nothing is loaded or changed until you apply this file.": "Inget laddas eller ändras förrän filen tillämpas.",
+  "Ready to import": "Redo att importera",
+  "Apply replaces the current project. Export your current project first if you want to keep both.": "”Tillämpa” ersätter det aktuella projektet. Exportera det aktuella projektet först för att behålla båda.",
+  "Apply import": "Tillämpa import",
+  "Import was not applied. The current project may have changed.": "Importen tillämpades inte. Det aktuella projektet kan ha ändrats.",
+  "Select a scene and shot first": "Välj en scen och en tagning först",
+  "Edit scene details": "Redigera scendetaljer",
+  "Camera positions use degrees and meters above the ellipsoid. Drafts are validated before they replace your saved scene.": "Kamerapositioner anges i grader och meter över ellipsoiden. Utkast valideras innan de ersätter den sparade scenen.",
+  "Anchors and data packs": "Ankare och datapaket",
+  "Shot camera, timing, packs and actions": "Tagningens kamera, tidsförlopp, paket och åtgärder",
+  "New anchor ID": "Nytt ankar-ID",
+  "Capture camera as anchor": "Spara kameran som ankare",
+  "Anchor added to draft": "Ankare tillagt i utkastet",
+  "Set move start to current camera": "Använd aktuell kamera som start för kameraåkningen",
+  "Move added to draft; destination remains the shot camera": "Kameraåkning tillagd i utkastet; målet är fortfarande tagningens kamera",
+  "Use ordinary flight": "Använd vanlig flygning",
+  "Invalid shot JSON": "Ogiltig JSON för tagning",
+  "Apply details": "Tillämpa detaljer",
+  "Select a scene first": "Välj en scen först",
+  "Share selected scene": "Dela vald scen",
+  "Scene JSON preserves authored settings and attribution. It does not include asset files. Bundles include only pack files you choose here or previously imported bundle files.": "Scenens JSON bevarar de skapade inställningarna och källangivelserna. Resursfiler ingår inte. Paket innehåller bara datapaketfiler som väljs här eller tidigare importerade paketfiler.",
+  "Download scene JSON": "Ladda ned scenens JSON",
+  "Choose data-pack files": "Välj datapaketfiler",
+  "Or choose a data-pack folder": "Eller välj en datapaketmapp",
+  "Download asset bundle": "Ladda ned resurspaket",
+  "Asset bundle downloaded": "Resurspaketet har laddats ned",
+  "No RTL-SDR device selected": "Ingen RTL-SDR-enhet vald",
+  "WebUSB requires desktop Chrome or Edge on localhost/HTTPS": "WebUSB kräver Chrome eller Edge på dator via localhost/HTTPS",
+  "RTL-SDR access failed; close other SDR apps and check USB permissions": "Åtkomst till RTL-SDR misslyckades; stäng andra SDR-appar och kontrollera USB-behörigheterna",
+  "RTL-SDR connection failed": "RTL-SDR-anslutningen misslyckades",
+  "Receiving 1090 MHz ADS-B": "Tar emot ADS-B på 1090 MHz",
+  "Receiving broadcast FM": "Tar emot FM-radio",
+  "Connect an RTL-SDR to begin.": "Anslut en RTL-SDR för att börja.",
+  "WebUSB is unavailable in this browser": "WebUSB är inte tillgängligt i den här webbläsaren",
+  "USB work abandoned after a stalled transfer": "USB-åtgärden avbröts efter en överföring som hängde sig",
+  "SDR decoder worker failed": "Bakgrundsprocessen för SDR-avkodaren misslyckades",
+  "SDR decoder did not start; receiver stopped": "SDR-avkodaren startade inte; mottagaren stoppad",
+  "SDR decoder stopped responding; receiver stopped": "SDR-avkodaren slutade svara; mottagaren stoppad",
+  "SDR decoder fell behind; receiver stopped": "SDR-avkodaren hann inte med; mottagaren stoppad",
+  "WebUSB requires desktop Chrome or Edge": "WebUSB kräver Chrome eller Edge på dator",
+  "Waiting for an RTL-SDR device…": "Väntar på en RTL-SDR-enhet …",
+  "Browser audio is suspended; press Connect again to resume it": "Webbläsarens ljud är pausat; tryck på Anslut igen för att återuppta det",
+  "RTL-SDR sample stream stopped": "RTL-SDR-samplingsströmmen stoppades",
+  "Switching to {mode}…": "Byter till {mode} …",
+  "Browser audio is suspended; select FM again to resume it": "Webbläsarens ljud är pausat; välj FM igen för att återuppta det",
+  "RTL-SDR gain change failed": "Det gick inte att ändra förstärkningen på RTL-SDR",
+  "Tuned to {mhz} MHz FM": "Inställd på {mhz} MHz FM",
+  "Seeking up…": "Söker uppåt …",
+  "Seeking down…": "Söker nedåt …",
+  "Seek stopped": "Sökningen stoppad",
+  "Scanning {mhz} MHz…": "Skannar {mhz} MHz …",
+  "Found {mhz} MHz · {snr} dB": "Hittade {mhz} MHz · {snr} dB",
+  "FM signal found at {mhz} MHz": "FM-signal hittad på {mhz} MHz",
+  "No FM signal found": "Ingen FM-signal hittades",
+  "Browser location is unavailable": "Webbläsarens position är otillgänglig",
+  "Receiver location was not granted": "Åtkomst till mottagarens position beviljades inte",
+  "RTL-SDR disconnected": "RTL-SDR frånkopplad",
+  "Upstream response too large": "Svaret från uppströmskällan är för stort",
+  "Vector tile request timed out": "Förfrågan om vektorrutor överskred tidsgränsen",
+  "Vector tiles unavailable": "Vektorrutor otillgängliga",
+  "Vector tile metadata unavailable": "Metadata för vektorrutor otillgängliga",
+  "Zoom in for vector tile coverage": "Zooma in för täckning med vektorrutor",
+  "Saturation": "Mättnad",
+  "Edge Thickness": "Kanttjocklek",
+  "Contrast": "Kontrast",
+  "Grain": "Korn",
+  "Vignette": "Vinjett",
+  "Pixelation": "Pixelering",
+  "Distortion": "Förvrängning",
+  "Instability": "Instabilitet",
+  "Gain": "Förstärkning",
+  "Scanlines": "Sveplinjer",
+  "Sensitivity": "Känslighet",
+  "WHOT/BHOT": "WHOT/BHOT",
+  "Ironbow": "Ironbow",
+  "Link shared": "Länk delad",
+  "Return map to straight-down view": "Återställ kartan till vy rakt ovanifrån",
+  "Tilt map to oblique view": "Luta kartan till snedvy",
+  "Reset map to north up. Current heading {heading} degrees": "Återställ kartan med norr uppåt. Aktuell kurs {heading} grader",
+  "Tilted view": "Snedvy",
+  "Straight-down view": "Vy rakt ovanifrån",
+  "North up": "Norr uppåt",
+  "HDG": "HDG",
+  "PITCH": "LUTN.",
+  "FOV": "FOV",
+  "RANGE": "RÄCKV.",
+  "HGT": "HÖJD",
+  "ΔN": "ΔN",
+  "ΔE": "ΔO",
+  "{value}m": "{value} m",
+  "SNAPSHOT": "STILLBILD",
+  "LIVE": "LIVE",
+  "UPSTREAM": "UPPSTRÖMS",
+  "SYNTHETIC": "SYNTETISK",
+  "CONFIGURED": "KONFIGURERAD",
+  "SEED": "KATALOG",
+  "OK": "OK",
+  "Live HLS connected": "Live-HLS ansluten",
+  "Live HLS unavailable": "Live-HLS otillgänglig",
+  "No stream URL configured": "Ingen ström-URL konfigurerad",
+  "Live stream connected": "Liveström ansluten",
+  "Snapshot feed connected": "Stillbildsflöde anslutet",
+  "Media fetch failed": "Hämtning av media misslyckades",
+  "Upstream snapshot active": "Stillbild från uppströmskällan aktiv",
+  "Fallback Street View frame": "Street View-reservbild",
+  "Upstream unavailable": "Uppströmskällan otillgänglig",
+  "No source configured": "Ingen källa konfigurerad",
+  "Configured source": "Konfigurerad källa",
+  "Configured Source": "Konfigurerad källa",
+  "Synthetic fallback": "Syntetisk reserv",
+  "Upstream HTTP {status}": "Uppströms HTTP {status}",
+  "Unexpected media type {type}": "Oväntad medietyp {type}",
+  "{value} KM/H": "{value} KM/H",
+  "{label} · {radius} AIR/SEA WINDOW": "{label} · LUFT/SJÖ INOM {radius}",
+  "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · ANLÄGGNINGAR {coverage}",
+  "MILITARY FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE": "MILITÄRFLÖDET AV · OFULLSTÄNDIG BILD",
+  "FLIGHTS FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE": "FLYGFLÖDET AV · OFULLSTÄNDIG BILD",
+  "NEARBY AIRCRAFT INCOMPLETE · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "FLYGPLAN I NÄRHETEN OFULLSTÄNDIGA · INTE FRITT FRAM",
+  "SQUAWK {code} · {status}": "SQUAWK {code} · {status}",
+  "ADS-B PRIORITY · {status}": "ADS-B-PRIORITET · {status}",
+  "ADS-B EMERGENCY · {status}": "ADS-B-NÖDLÄGE · {status}",
+  "{aircraftClass} · {emergency} · {feedState}": "{aircraftClass} · {emergency} · {feedState}",
+  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · PLATSSÖKNING · SENASTE",
+  "Rendered globe frames per second · toggle with `": "Renderade bildrutor per sekund för globen · växla med `",
+  "Ground heights could not be refreshed. Try the file again when the map has loaded.": "Markhöjderna kunde inte uppdateras. Försök med filen igen när kartan har laddats.",
+  "{count} map objects": {
+    "one": "{count} kartobjekt",
+    "other": "{count} kartobjekt"
+  },
+  ", drawn with its own styles": ", ritas med egna stilar",
+  "Hide {name}": "Dölj {name}",
+  "Show {name}": "Visa {name}",
+  "Fly to {name}": "Flyg till {name}",
+  "Remove {name}": "Ta bort {name}",
+  "At most {count} files at once — remove one first.": "Högst {count} filer åt gången – ta bort en först.",
+  "Reading {name}…": "Läser {name} …",
+  "That file could not be read.": "Filen kunde inte läsas.",
+  "Added {count} files.": {
+    "one": "Lade till {count} fil.",
+    "other": "Lade till {count} filer."
+  },
+  "{count} files could not be added ({name}: {error})": {
+    "one": "{count} fil kunde inte läggas till ({name}: {error})",
+    "other": "{count} filer kunde inte läggas till ({name}: {error})"
+  },
+  "Some KML content was left out.": "En del KML-innehåll utelämnades.",
+  "Press on the ground, not the sky": "Tryck på marken, inte på himlen",
+  "Drag to size the box": "Dra för att ändra områdets storlek",
+  "light {source} to use your {name} key": "slå på {source} för att använda egen {name}-nyckel",
+  "light {source}": "slå på {source}",
+  ", or ": " eller ",
+  "{requirement}, or {offer}": "{requirement} eller {offer}",
+  "Local ADS-B": "Lokal ADS-B",
+  "Transit": "Kollektivtrafik",
+  "Recent Imagery": "Senaste bilder",
+  "Fire Perimeters": "Brandgränser",
+  "GNSS Integrity": "GNSS-integritet",
+  "S2 GhostMaps": "S2 GhostMaps",
+  "Rain radar": "Regnradar",
+  "Lightning density": "Blixttäthet",
+  "Cyclone advisories": "Cyklonbulletiner",
+  "ALPR Cameras": "ALPR-kameror",
+  "Live Vessels": "Livefartyg",
+  "Bike Share": "Hyrcyklar",
+  "Cameras": "Kameror",
+  "Street Level": "Gatunivå",
+  "Mapped ALPR Cameras": "Kartlagda ALPR-kameror",
+  "Data Centers": "Datacenter",
+  "Active Fires": "Aktiva bränder",
+  "Military aircraft": "Militära luftfartyg",
+  "Vessels": "Fartyg",
+  "CCTV + Street View fallback": "CCTV + Street View-reserv",
+  "OpenStreetMap + optional Google Maps Places": "OpenStreetMap + valfritt Google Maps Places",
+  "GFS / ECMWF IFS · FORECAST": "GFS / ECMWF IFS · PROGNOS",
+  "NOAA nowCOAST · OBSERVED": "NOAA nowCOAST · OBSERVERAT",
+  "NASA FIRMS · LIVE": "NASA FIRMS · LIVE",
+  "OSM routing": "OSM-ruttplanering",
+  "data source|Local": "Lokal",
+  "Movement": "Rörelse",
+  "Infrastructure": "Infrastruktur",
+  "Events": "Händelser",
+  "Weather": "Väder",
+  "Utilities": "Verktyg",
+  "Other layers": "Övriga lager",
+  "status chip|UNAVAILABLE": "OTILLGÄNGLIG",
+  "Data source unavailable": "Datakällan är otillgänglig",
+  "Local FM stopped: internet radio started": "Lokal FM-radio stoppad: internetradio startad",
+  "IDLE": "INAKTIV",
+  "TUNING": "STÄLLER IN",
+  "STREAMING": "STRÖMMAR",
+  "UNSUPPORTED": "STÖDS INTE",
+  "idle": "inaktiv",
+  "running": "körs",
+  "suspended": "pausad",
+  "closed": "stängd",
+  "feed status|live": "live",
+  "feed status|stale": "inaktuell",
+  "feed status|unreachable": "går inte att nå",
+  "feed status|invalid": "ogiltig",
+  "waiting for IQ": "väntar på IQ",
+  "{count} messages": {
+    "one": "{count} meddelande",
+    "other": "{count} meddelanden"
+  },
+  "DSP {count} blocks": {
+    "one": "DSP {count} block",
+    "other": "DSP {count} block"
+  },
+  "DSP waiting": "DSP väntar",
+  "{level} dBFS audio": "ljud {level} dBFS",
+  "audio signal --": "ljudsignal --",
+  "audio {state}": "ljud {state}",
+  "{count} HEARD": {
+    "one": "{count} HÖRDA",
+    "other": "{count} HÖRDA"
+  },
+  "DISCONNECT": "KOPPLA FRÅN",
+  "CONNECT": "ANSLUT",
+  "LOCATING…": "LOKALISERAR …",
+  "LOCATED": "LOKALISERAD",
+  "LOCATE": "LOKALISERA",
+  " · read while Local ADS-B is on": " · läses medan ”Lokal ADS-B” är på",
+  "Decoder feeds: {feeds}": "Avkodarflöden: {feeds}",
+  "Language: {language}": "Språk: {language}",
+  "Change the interface language": "Byt språk för gränssnittet",
+  "Interface language": "Gränssnittsspråk",
+  "Search languages": "Sök språk",
+  "No matching languages": "Inga matchande språk",
+  "Check the spelling and press Enter to search again.": "Kontrollera stavningen och tryck på Enter för att söka igen.",
+  "Press Enter to try again.": "Tryck på Enter för att försöka igen.",
+  "Detailed outline unavailable": "Detaljerad kontur otillgänglig",
+  "Layers": "Lager",
+  "Search": "Sök",
+  "More": "Mer",
+  "Panels": "Paneler",
+  "Austin": "Austin",
+  "San Francisco": "San Francisco",
+  "New York": "New York",
+  "Tokyo": "Tokyo",
+  "London": "London",
+  "Paris": "Paris",
+  "Dubai": "Dubai",
+  "Washington DC": "Washington DC",
+  "Tallinn": "Tallinn",
+  "Los Angeles": "Los Angeles",
+  "CH {index} / {total}": "KAN. {index} / {total}",
+  "Station unavailable after directory refresh": "Stationen är otillgänglig efter uppdatering av katalogen",
+  "{category} ({count})": "{category} ({count})",
+  "PAUSE": "PAUS",
+  "RESUME": "FORTSÄTT",
+  "Clear reading": "Rensa avläsningen",
+  "Earlier observation": "Tidigare observation",
+  "Observed history": "Observerad historik",
+  "Later observation": "Senare observation",
+  "Latest": "Senaste",
+  "Newest frame per product": "Senaste bildruta per produkt",
+  "Replay observed history": "Spela upp observerad historik",
+  "Imagery on Esri · Google 3D returns when cleared": "Bilder på Esri · Google 3D återkommer när de rensas",
+  "Point the camera at the ground to use the view": "Rikta kameran mot marken för att använda vyn",
+  "That point cannot anchor a box": "Den punkten kan inte förankra ett område",
+  "Imagery stops at ±{limit}° latitude": "Bilderna slutar vid ±{limit}° latitud",
+  "{owner} is using the pointer — close it first": "{owner} använder pekaren – stäng den först",
+  "Box is {size} wide · limit {limit}": "Området är {size} brett · gräns {limit}",
+  "View is {size} wide · limit {limit}": "Vyn är {size} bred · gräns {limit}",
+  "VS BASEMAP": "JMF. KARTA",
+  "A / B": "A / B",
+  "Newest low-cloud day for this box · scene cloud, not box cloud": "Senaste dag med lite moln för området · scenens molnighet, inte områdets",
+  "Newest day covering this box · cloudier than 20%": "Senaste dag som täcker området · mer än 20 % moln",
+  "Newest day with imagery for this box · partial coverage": "Senaste dag med bilder för området · delvis täckning",
+  "Newest daily overview for this box": "Senaste dagliga översikt för området",
+  "newest clear day": "senaste klara dag",
+  "newest day (cloudy)": "senaste dag (molnig)",
+  "newest day (partial coverage)": "senaste dag (delvis täckning)",
+  "newest overview": "senaste översikt",
+  "No imagery": "Inga bilder",
+  "Loading": "Laddar",
+  "coverage|full": "fullständig",
+  "coverage|partial": "delvis",
+  "unknown": "okänd",
+  "no imagery": "inga bilder",
+  "{percent}% cloud": "{percent} % moln",
+  "{min}–{max}% cloud": "{min}–{max} % moln",
+  "NO BOX": "INGET OMRÅDE",
+  "SEARCHING": "SÖKER",
+  "{count} DAYS": {
+    "one": "{count} DAG",
+    "other": "{count} DAGAR"
+  },
+  "Zoom in or draw a smaller box": "Zooma in eller rita ett mindre område",
+  "Select a box or use the view": "Välj ett område eller använd vyn",
+  "Searching the last 30 days": "Söker igenom de senaste 30 dagarna",
+  "No days to show for this box": "Inga dagar att visa för området",
+  "Drag the divider · SWAP trades sides": "Dra i skiljelinjen · BYT byter sida",
+  "← → preview · A or B pins the focused day": "← → förhandsvisa · A eller B fäster vald dag",
+  "← → preview the other side · A or B pins it": "← → förhandsvisa andra sidan · A eller B fäster den",
+  "S on another day replaces it · × unpins": "S på en annan dag ersätter den · × lossar",
+  "← → preview · S shows the focused day": "← → förhandsvisa · S visar vald dag",
+  "ZOOM IN": "ZOOMA IN",
+  "Fly in until the view fits the 1,000 km limit": "Flyg närmare tills vyn ryms inom gränsen på 1 000 km",
+  "Imagery days, newest first · arrows move, S or A and B pin": "Bilddagar, senaste först · pilarna flyttar, S eller A och B fäster",
+  "On the map": "På kartan",
+  "Mode": "Läge",
+  "Imagery opacity": "Bildernas opacitet",
+  "SWAP": "BYT",
+  "Trade the two sides of the divider": "Byt plats på skiljelinjens två sidor",
+  "SELECT BOX": "VÄLJ OMRÅDE",
+  "Drag a box on the map (Esc cancels)": "Dra upp ett område på kartan (Esc avbryter)",
+  "USE VIEW": "ANVÄND VYN",
+  "Use the current view as the box": "Använd aktuell vy som område",
+  "Forget the box and its images": "Glöm området och dess bilder",
+  "START HERE": "BÖRJA HÄR",
+  "Checking": "Kontrollerar",
+  "PREVIEW": "FÖRHANDSVISNING",
+  "Newest day with imagery for this box": "Senaste dag med bilder för området",
+  "SHOW": "VISA",
+  "Pin {day} as {slot}": "Fäst {day} som {slot}",
+  "Show {day}": "Visa {day}",
+  "pinned {slot}": "fäst som {slot}",
+  "shown": "visas",
+  "preview": "förhandsvisning",
+  "start here": "börja här",
+  "No box": "Inget område",
+  "Searching": "Söker",
+  "Every day is empty here": "Alla dagar saknar bilder här",
+  "Sources off": "Källor av",
+  "VS": "JMF.",
+  "Not set": "Inte vald",
+  "Basemap": "Bakgrundskarta",
+  "Source off": "Källa av",
+  "Unpin {slot}": "Lossa {slot}",
+  "Unpin the image": "Lossa bilden",
+  "EXPORT {slot}": "EXPORTERA {slot}",
+  "EXPORT": "EXPORTERA",
+  "Download {slot} as a PNG": "Ladda ned {slot} som PNG",
+  "Download the image as a PNG": "Ladda ned bilden som PNG",
+  "Box {width} × {height} km": "Område {width} × {height} km",
+  "Acquired {time}": "Tagen {time}",
+  "Coverage {coverage}": "Täckning {coverage}",
+  "START HERE · {reason}": "BÖRJA HÄR · {reason}",
+  "Daily overview shows little detail in a box this small": "Den dagliga översikten visar få detaljer i ett så litet område",
+  "Imagery: NASA GIBS and Worldview · HLS (Sentinel-2, Landsat 8/9) and VIIRS": "Bilder: NASA GIBS och Worldview · HLS (Sentinel-2, Landsat 8/9) och VIIRS",
+  "Details": "Detaljer",
+  "Times, coverage, sources": "Tider, täckning, källor",
+  "HIDE EMPTY DAYS": "DÖLJ TOMMA DAGAR",
+  "SHOW EMPTY DAYS · {count}": "VISA TOMMA DAGAR · {count}",
+  "Days the probe found empty in this box": "Dagar då kontrollen inte hittade några bilder i området",
+  "image": "bild",
+  "BASEMAP": "BAKGRUNDSKARTA",
+  "The basemap": "Bakgrundskartan",
+  "basemap": "bakgrundskarta",
+  "Recent imagery against the basemap divider": "Skiljelinje mellan senaste bilder och bakgrundskarta",
+  "Recent imagery A and B divider": "Skiljelinje mellan senaste bilder A och B",
+  "{before} {left} percent, {after} {right} percent": "{before} {left} procent, {after} {right} procent",
+  "Export failed · {error}": "Exporten misslyckades · {error}",
+  "New scene name": "Namn på ny scen",
+  "Delete scene \"{scene}\" and all shots?": "Ta bort scenen ”{scene}” och alla tagningar?",
+  "Stopped (Esc)": "Stoppad (Esc)",
+  "No shots yet. Use CAPTURE SHOT to save current look.": "Inga tagningar än. Använd SPARA TAGNING för att spara nuvarande vy.",
+  "Double-click to rename": "Dubbelklicka för att byta namn",
+  "Shot name": "Namn på tagning",
+  "LOAD": "LADDA",
+  "{duration}s + {hold}s": "{duration} s + {hold} s",
+  "Choose files": "Välj filer",
+  "{count} files selected": {
+    "one": "{count} fil vald",
+    "other": "{count} filer valda"
+  },
+  "No file chosen": "Ingen fil vald",
+  "Cancel": "Avbryt",
+  "EDIT DETAILS": "REDIGERA DETALJER",
+  "SHARE SCENE": "DELA SCEN",
+  "Shared flight follow expired": "Följningen av den delade flygningen har gått ut",
+  "Shared military flight follow expired": "Följningen av den delade militärflygningen har gått ut",
+  "Shared satellite follow expired": "Följningen av den delade satelliten har gått ut",
+  "Shared flight could not be restored — feed unavailable": "Den delade flygningen kunde inte återställas – flödet är otillgängligt",
+  "Shared military flight could not be restored — feed unavailable": "Den delade militärflygningen kunde inte återställas – flödet är otillgängligt",
+  "Shared satellite could not be restored — feed unavailable": "Den delade satelliten kunde inte återställas – flödet är otillgängligt",
+  "Shared flight is unavailable": "Den delade flygningen är otillgänglig",
+  "Shared military flight is unavailable": "Den delade militärflygningen är otillgänglig",
+  "Shared satellite is unavailable": "Den delade satelliten är otillgänglig",
+  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "{id} rapporterar inte just nu – visar senast kända position",
+  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "{id} rapporterar inte just nu – visar positionen kl. {time}",
+  "This share link can't be opened": "Delningslänken kan inte öppnas",
+  "Shared vessel is unavailable": "Det delade fartyget är otillgängligt",
+  "subject": "objekt",
+  "RETRYING ALPR CAMERAS": "ALPR-KAMEROR: FÖRSÖKER IGEN",
+  "FETCHING ALPR CAMERAS": "HÄMTAR ALPR-KAMEROR",
+  "OVERPASS TEMPORARILY UNAVAILABLE": "OVERPASS TILLFÄLLIGT OTILLGÄNGLIG",
+  "OVERPASS RATE-LIMITED": "OVERPASS: FÖRFRÅGNINGSGRÄNS NÅDD",
+  "OVERPASS TIMED OUT": "OVERPASS: TIDSGRÄNSEN ÖVERSKREDS",
+  "OVERPASS COULD NOT COMPLETE THE QUERY": "OVERPASS KUNDE INTE SLUTFÖRA FRÅGAN",
+  "MAP TILES TEMPORARILY UNAVAILABLE": "KARTRUTOR TILLFÄLLIGT OTILLGÄNGLIGA",
+  "MAPPED NAMES TEMPORARILY UNAVAILABLE": "KARTLAGDA NAMN TILLFÄLLIGT OTILLGÄNGLIGA",
+  "ALPR cameras": "ALPR-kameror",
+  "OpenSky OAuth client missing/invalid": "OAuth-klienten för OpenSky saknas eller är ogiltig",
+  "OpenSky OAuth rejected credentials": "OpenSky OAuth avvisade inloggningsuppgifterna",
+  "OpenSky username/password rejected": "OpenSky avvisade användarnamn/lösenord",
+  "OpenSky auth missing": "Autentisering för OpenSky saknas",
+  "OpenSky auth required": "OpenSky kräver autentisering",
+  "OpenSky auth invalid": "Ogiltig autentisering för OpenSky",
+  "OpenSky auth failed": "Autentisering mot OpenSky misslyckades",
+  "KartaView answered HTTP {status}": "KartaView svarade HTTP {status}",
+  "Panoramax answered HTTP {status}": "Panoramax svarade HTTP {status}",
+  "KartaView refused the request (code {code})": "KartaView avvisade begäran (kod {code})",
+  "Vector tiles unavailable (HTTP {status})": "Vektorrutor otillgängliga (HTTP {status})",
+  "GNSS feed unavailable (HTTP {status})": "GNSS-flödet är otillgängligt (HTTP {status})",
+  "{count} CelesTrak groups unavailable": {
+    "one": "{count} CelesTrak-grupp otillgänglig",
+    "other": "{count} CelesTrak-grupper otillgängliga"
+  },
+  "{feed} feed unavailable": "Flödet {feed} är otillgängligt",
+  "Source snapshot {minutes} min old": "Källans ögonblicksbild är {minutes} min gammal",
+  "{source} rate limited (anonymous)": "{source}: förfrågningsgräns nådd (anonym)",
+  "{source} rate limited": "{source}: förfrågningsgräns nådd",
+  "{source} network error": "{source}: nätverksfel",
+  "Malformed {source} aircraft rows": "Felaktiga luftfartygsrader från {source}",
+  "Malformed {source} response": "Felaktigt svar från {source}",
+  "entry {n}": "post {n}",
+  "feeds {names} stale": {
+    "one": "flödet {names} inaktuellt",
+    "other": "flödena {names} inaktuella"
+  },
+  "feeds {names} unreachable": {
+    "one": "flödet {names} går inte att nå",
+    "other": "flödena {names} går inte att nå"
+  },
+  "feeds {names} invalid": {
+    "one": "flödet {names} ogiltigt",
+    "other": "flödena {names} ogiltiga"
+  },
+  "Loading {feeds}": "Laddar {feeds}",
+  "{count} heard": {
+    "one": "{count} hörda",
+    "other": "{count} hörda"
+  },
+  "USB {rate} msg/s": "USB {rate} medd./s",
+  "{rate} msg/s": "{rate} medd./s",
+  "{count} feeds live": {
+    "one": "{count} flöde live",
+    "other": "{count} flöden live"
+  },
+  "{feed} {count} ({seconds}s old)": "{feed} {count} ({seconds} s sedan)",
+  "Street Level toggle failed": "Det gick inte att växla ”Gatunivå”",
+  "Street Level could not start": "”Gatunivå” kunde inte starta",
+  "SHRINK": "FÖRMINSKA",
+  "EXPAND": "FÖRSTORA",
+  "Shrink": "Förminska",
+  "Expand": "Förstora",
+  "ANY DATE": "ALLA DATUM",
+  "LAST 10 YEARS": "SENASTE 10 ÅREN",
+  "LAST 5 YEARS": "SENASTE 5 ÅREN",
+  "LAST 3 YEARS": "SENASTE 3 ÅREN",
+  "LAST 2 YEARS": "SENASTE 2 ÅREN",
+  "LAST YEAR": "SENASTE 12 MÅN.",
+  "LAST 6 MONTHS": "SENASTE 6 MÅN.",
+  "LAST 3 MONTHS": "SENASTE 3 MÅN.",
+  "LAST MONTH": "SENASTE 30 DAGARNA",
+  "LAST {count} DAYS": {
+    "one": "SENASTE {count} DAGEN",
+    "other": "SENASTE {count} DAGARNA"
+  },
+  "{window} · SINCE {date}": "{window} · SEDAN {date}",
+  "Turn Street Level off": "Stäng av ”Gatunivå”",
+  "Turn Street Level on": "Slå på ”Gatunivå”",
+  "{name} imagery on": "{name}-bilder på",
+  "{name} imagery off": "{name}-bilder av",
+  "Image by {creator}": "Bild: {creator}",
+  " or ": " eller ",
+  "OPEN {labels}": "ÖPPNA {labels}",
+  "Open {names} at the centre of the view": "Öppna {names} i mitten av vyn",
+  "Zoom in to a street to open {names} here": "Zooma in på en gata för att öppna {names} här",
+  "Switch Street Level on to draw its coverage.": "Slå på ”Gatunivå” för att visa täckningen.",
+  "Every provider is switched off: light a chip to draw its coverage.": "Alla leverantörer är avstängda: slå på en för att visa dess täckning.",
+  "Loading this sequence…": "Laddar sekvensen …",
+  "{n} images in this sequence · Esc clears": {
+    "one": "{n} bild i sekvensen · Esc rensar",
+    "other": "{n} bilder i sekvensen · Esc rensar"
+  },
+  "No sequences in view match the filter": "Inga sekvenser i vyn matchar filtret",
+  "No coverage in view": "Ingen täckning i vyn",
+  "{n} streets in view · click a line for its nearest photo": {
+    "one": "{n} gata i vyn · klicka på en linje för närmaste foto",
+    "other": "{n} gator i vyn · klicka på en linje för närmaste foto"
+  },
+  "{n} sequences in view · click a line for its nearest photo": {
+    "one": "{n} sekvens i vyn · klicka på en linje för närmaste foto",
+    "other": "{n} sekvenser i vyn · klicka på en linje för närmaste foto"
+  },
+  "{n} sequences in view · click a line for its photos": {
+    "one": "{n} sekvens i vyn · klicka på en linje för dess foton",
+    "other": "{n} sekvenser i vyn · klicka på en linje för dess foton"
+  },
+  "km/h": "km/h",
+  "m/s": "m/s",
+  "mph": "mph",
+  "hPa": "hPa",
+  "kt": "kn",
+  "kts": "kn",
+  "ft": "ft",
+  "km": "km",
+  "m": "m",
+  "h": "h",
+  "min": "min",
+  "s": "s",
+  "dB": "dB",
+  "{time} · {minutes} min ago": "{time} · för {minutes} min sedan",
+  "Active weather": "Aktuellt väder",
+  "LATEST · newest per product": "SENASTE · nyaste per produkt",
+  "Forecast · valid {valid} · issued {issued}": "Prognos · gäller {valid} · utfärdad {issued}",
+  "{detail} · Does not follow history": "{detail} · Följer inte historiken",
+  "Forecast · valid {valid}": "Prognos · gäller {valid}",
+  "voice|OFF": "AV",
+  "voice|CONNECTING": "ANSLUTER",
+  "voice|ERROR": "FEL",
+  "Voice provider": "Leverantör för röststyrning",
+  "Changing provider reconnects voice if it is on.": "Byte av leverantör återansluter röststyrningen om den är på.",
+  "Voice Settings": "Inställningar för röststyrning",
+  "STD": "STD",
+  "ON/OFF": "PÅ/AV",
+  "VOICE": "RÖST",
+  "Preview": "Förhandsvisning",
+  "Settings": "Inställningar",
+  "Close voice panel": "Stäng röstpanelen",
+  "Voice replies appear here.": "Röstsvar visas här.",
+  "Voice assistant": "Röstassistent",
+  "Dismiss voice card": "Stäng röstkortet",
+  "YOU": "DU",
+  "THIS": "DETTA",
+  "Plan": "Plan",
+  "Referenced items": "Nämnda objekt",
+  "NOTES & SOURCES": "NOTER & KÄLLOR",
+  "Show Voice Preview": "Visa röstförhandsvisning",
+  "Voice inactivity timeout": "Tidsgräns vid röstinaktivitet",
+  "Minutes": "Minuter",
+  "Custom": "Anpassad",
+  "These preferences stay in this browser.": "Inställningarna sparas bara i den här webbläsaren.",
+  "Gemini returned an oversized audio chunk": "Gemini returnerade ett för stort ljudblock",
+  "Gemini returned an unsupported audio format": "Gemini returnerade ett ljudformat som inte stöds",
+  "Gemini returned an invalid audio sample rate": "Gemini returnerade en ogiltig samplingsfrekvens för ljud",
+  "Gemini returned incomplete PCM audio": "Gemini returnerade ofullständigt PCM-ljud",
+  "This browser does not support Gemini microphone audio": "Den här webbläsaren stöder inte mikrofonljud för Gemini",
+  "Microphone audio processing failed": "Bearbetningen av mikrofonljudet misslyckades",
+  "Gemini audio playback fell behind. Reconnect to continue.": "Gemini-ljuduppspelningen hann inte med. Anslut igen för att fortsätta.",
+  "Gemini token response did not include an ephemeral credential": "Gemini-tokensvaret innehöll ingen tillfällig inloggningsuppgift",
+  "Invalid Gemini connection endpoint": "Ogiltig anslutningsslutpunkt för Gemini",
+  "Gemini voice could not connect. Try again.": "Gemini-röststyrningen kunde inte ansluta. Försök igen.",
+  "Gemini voice requires a same-origin app request": "Gemini-röststyrningen kräver en appbegäran från samma ursprung",
+  "Add a Gemini API key in Provider Settings": "Lägg till en Gemini-API-nyckel i Leverantörsinställningar",
+  "The Gemini Live model configuration is invalid": "Modellkonfigurationen för Gemini Live är ogiltig",
+  "Gemini voice is starting too often. Try again shortly.": "Gemini-röststyrningen startas för ofta. Försök igen om en stund.",
+  "Gemini quota is unavailable. Try again later.": "Gemini-kvoten är otillgänglig. Försök igen senare.",
+  "Gemini access was refused. Check the API key and model access.": "Gemini nekade åtkomst. Kontrollera API-nyckeln och modellåtkomsten.",
+  "Gemini Live is unavailable for the configured model.": "Gemini Live är otillgängligt för den konfigurerade modellen.",
+  "Token request is too large": "Tokenbegäran är för stor",
+  "Use an empty JSON token request": "Använd en tom JSON-tokenbegäran",
+  "Voice command context is too large": "Kontexten för röstkommandot är för stor",
+  "Gemini reliable transport exceeded its queue limit. Start voice again.": "Gemini-sändkön är full. Starta röststyrningen igen.",
+  "Gemini reliable transport did not drain. Start voice again.": "Gemini-meddelandena kunde inte skickas i tid. Starta röststyrningen igen.",
+  "Gemini token request failed (HTTP {status})": "Gemini-tokenbegäran misslyckades (HTTP {status})",
+  "Gemini token response did not include a valid model": "Gemini-tokensvaret innehöll ingen giltig modell",
+  "Gemini token response did not include session settings": "Gemini-tokensvaret innehöll inga sessionsinställningar",
+  "Gemini session settings do not match the input mode": "Gemini-sessionsinställningarna matchar inte inmatningsläget",
+  "Gemini could not submit this input. Start voice again.": "Gemini kunde inte skicka den här inmatningen. Starta röststyrningen igen.",
+  "Connecting to Gemini": "Ansluter till Gemini",
+  "Gemini returned an oversized message": "Gemini returnerade ett för stort meddelande",
+  "Gemini Live connection failed. Check network access, then start voice again.": "Anslutningen till Gemini Live misslyckades. Kontrollera nätverksåtkomsten och starta sedan röststyrningen igen.",
+  "Gemini Live connection ended. Start voice again for a new conversation.": "Anslutningen till Gemini Live avslutades. Starta röststyrningen igen för ett nytt samtal.",
+  "Gemini Live could not start. Start voice again to request a fresh session.": "Gemini Live kunde inte starta. Starta röststyrningen igen för att begära en ny session.",
+  "Start voice again for a fresh token and a new conversation.": "Starta röststyrningen igen för en ny token och ett nytt samtal.",
+  "Start voice again to request a fresh session credential.": "Starta röststyrningen igen för att begära nya inloggningsuppgifter för sessionen.",
+  "Microphone permission was denied. Allow microphone access and try again.": "Åtkomst till mikrofonen nekades. Tillåt mikrofonen och försök igen.",
+  "Gemini connection timed out. Try again.": "Tidsgränsen för Gemini-anslutningen överskreds. Försök igen.",
+  "Gemini voice could not start": "Gemini-röststyrningen kunde inte starta",
+  "Gemini did not finish the interrupted reply. Start voice again.": "Gemini slutförde inte det avbrutna svaret. Starta röststyrningen igen.",
+  "Gemini session expiring; finishing the current reply": "Gemini-sessionen löper snart ut – slutför det pågående svaret",
+  "Gemini rejected the voice session. Start voice again to request a fresh session.": "Gemini avvisade röstsessionen. Starta röststyrningen igen för att begära en ny session.",
+  "Start voice again for a fresh session credential. If it repeats, check Gemini model and API access.": "Starta röststyrningen igen för nya inloggningsuppgifter för sessionen. Om det upprepas, kontrollera Gemini-modellen och API-åtkomsten.",
+  "Gemini action history is full. Start voice again for a fresh session.": "Gemini-åtgärdshistoriken är full. Starta röststyrningen igen för en ny session.",
+  "Gemini requested too many simultaneous actions": "Gemini begärde för många samtidiga åtgärder",
+  "Voice text command is too long": "Textkommandot för röststyrningen är för långt",
+  "Gemini voice is not connected": "Gemini-röststyrningen är inte ansluten",
+  "Gemini interrupted input exceeded its buffer or wait limit. Start voice again.": "Den avbrutna Gemini-inmatningen överskred sin buffert- eller väntegräns. Starta röststyrningen igen.",
+  "Gemini Live connection is expiring. Start voice again for a new conversation.": "Anslutningen till Gemini Live löper snart ut. Starta röststyrningen igen för ett nytt samtal.",
+  "Gemini voice sessions have a time limit. When a session expires, start voice again for a new conversation.": "Gemini-röstsessioner har en tidsgräns. När en session går ut, starta röststyrningen igen för ett nytt samtal.",
+  "Stopped by voice": "Stoppad via röststyrning",
+  "Automatic stop is unavailable for this voice connection.": "Automatiskt stopp är inte tillgängligt för den här röstanslutningen.",
+  "Preview is off.": "Förhandsvisningen är av.",
+  "Your choice applies now, but could not be saved.": "Valet gäller nu men kunde inte sparas.",
+  "MINI": "MINI",
+  "standard": "standard",
+  "mini": "mini",
+  "COST UNKNOWN": "OKÄND KOSTNAD",
+  "ChatGPT OAuth session: {responses} response(s), {input} input and {output} output tokens, {captions} caption transcription(s) reported.": "ChatGPT-OAuth-session: {responses} svar, {input} indata- och {output} utdatatoken, {captions} transkribering(ar) av undertexter rapporterade.",
+  "USD cost and the API spend cap are unavailable for this auth mode.": "USD-kostnad och API-utgiftstak är inte tillgängliga i det här autentiseringsläget.",
+  "Usage is incomplete because a response was still in flight when the session ended.": "Användningen är ofullständig eftersom ett svar fortfarande var på väg när sessionen avslutades.",
+  "Estimate is incomplete — a response was still in flight when the session ended, so its usage was never reported.": "Uppskattningen är ofullständig – ett svar var fortfarande på väg när sessionen avslutades, så dess användning rapporterades aldrig.",
+  "STANDARD": "STANDARD",
+  "MIC": "MIK",
+  "{n} aircraft": {
+    "one": "{n} luftfartyg",
+    "other": "{n} luftfartyg"
+  },
+  "{n} military aircraft": {
+    "one": "{n} militärt luftfartyg",
+    "other": "{n} militära luftfartyg"
+  },
+  "{n} ships": {
+    "one": "{n} fartyg",
+    "other": "{n} fartyg"
+  },
+  "{n} satellites": {
+    "one": "{n} satellit",
+    "other": "{n} satelliter"
+  },
+  "{n} launches": {
+    "one": "{n} uppskjutning",
+    "other": "{n} uppskjutningar"
+  },
+  "{n} earthquakes": {
+    "one": "{n} jordbävning",
+    "other": "{n} jordbävningar"
+  },
+  "{n} fires": {
+    "one": "{n} brand",
+    "other": "{n} bränder"
+  },
+  "{n} fire perimeters": {
+    "one": "{n} brandgräns",
+    "other": "{n} brandgränser"
+  },
+  "{n} cyclones": {
+    "one": "{n} cyklon",
+    "other": "{n} cykloner"
+  },
+  "{n} buses": {
+    "one": "{n} buss",
+    "other": "{n} bussar"
+  },
+  "{n} bike share": {
+    "one": "{n} hyrcykelstation",
+    "other": "{n} hyrcykelstationer"
+  },
+  "{n} flock cameras": {
+    "one": "{n} ALPR-kamera",
+    "other": "{n} ALPR-kameror"
+  },
+  "{n} military bases": {
+    "one": "{n} militärbas",
+    "other": "{n} militärbaser"
+  },
+  "{n} datacenters": {
+    "one": "{n} datacenter",
+    "other": "{n} datacenter"
+  },
+  "{n} dams": {
+    "one": "{n} damm",
+    "other": "{n} dammar"
+  },
+  "{n} air quality": {
+    "one": "{n} luftkvalitetsstation",
+    "other": "{n} luftkvalitetsstationer"
+  },
+  "{n} results": {
+    "one": "{n} resultat",
+    "other": "{n} resultat"
+  },
+  "anywhere in the loaded data": "var som helst i laddade data",
+  "in view": "i vyn",
+  "within {radius} of the view centre": "inom {radius} från vyns mitt",
+  "within {radius} of {place} (Contacts window)": "inom {radius} från {place} (fönstret Kontakter)",
+  "within {radius} of {place}": "inom {radius} från {place}",
+  "within {radius}": "inom {radius}",
+  "over {region}": "över {region}",
+  "At least {items}": "Minst {items}",
+  "{items} {scope}": "{items} {scope}",
+  "last 24 h": "senaste 24 h",
+  "past 30 d and upcoming": "senaste 30 d och kommande",
+  "the flights layer loads by viewport": "lagret ”Liveflyg” laddar data för aktuell vy",
+  "distance is ground distance, not overhead": "avståndet mäts längs marken, höjden räknas inte",
+  "the count is a lower bound because at least one layer reached its retained limit.": "antalet är ett minimum eftersom minst ett lager har nått sin lagringsgräns.",
+  "{label} off": "{label} av",
+  "{label} loading": "{label} laddas",
+  "{label} error": "{label}: fel",
+  "counted the first {returned} loaded records": "räknade de första {returned} laddade posterna",
+  "counted {returned} of {total} loaded records": "räknade {returned} av {total} laddade poster",
+  "{layers} just turned on — still loading, counts will rise": "{layers} har just aktiverats – laddar fortfarande, antalen kommer att öka",
+  "Contacts panel snapshot at {time} — the same retained cohort supplies the card, speech, and follow-up memory": "Ögonblicksbild av panelen Kontakter kl. {time} – samma sparade urval används för kortet, talet och minnet för följdfrågor",
+  "Contacts panel snapshot — the same retained cohort supplies the card, speech, and follow-up memory": "Ögonblicksbild av panelen Kontakter – samma sparade urval används för kortet, talet och minnet för följdfrågor",
+  "Fly below {km} km to a covered region": "Flyg under {km} km höjd till en region med täckning",
+  "No feed here yet · {n} regions available": {
+    "one": "Inget flöde här än · {n} region tillgänglig",
+    "other": "Inget flöde här än · {n} regioner tillgängliga"
+  },
+  "degraded": "begränsad",
+  "stale": "inaktuell",
+  "partial": "delvis",
+  "fallback": "reserv",
+  "unavailable": "otillgänglig",
+  "Not answered: {layers}": "Inget svar: {layers}",
+  "Toggle voice control": "Slå på/av röststyrning",
+  "Activate to toggle voice": "Aktivera för att slå på/av röststyrningen",
+  "Voice active": "Röststyrning aktiv",
+  "Voice could not be started.": "Röststyrningen kunde inte startas.",
+  "{value} feet": "{value} fot",
+  "Fire · FRP {frp} MW": "Brand · FRP {frp} MW",
+  "The flights layer is not enabled": "Lagret ”Liveflyg” är inte aktiverat",
+  "The military layer is not enabled": "Lagret ”Militärflyg” är inte aktiverat",
+  "The satellites layer is not enabled": "Lagret ”Satelliter” är inte aktiverat",
+  "The ais-live-vessels layer is not enabled": "Lagret ”Livefartyg” är inte aktiverat",
+  "Could not enable the requested layer": "Det begärda lagret kunde inte aktiveras",
+  "Could not disable the requested layer": "Det begärda lagret kunde inte inaktiveras",
+  "Radio layer unavailable": "Radiolagret är otillgängligt",
+  "Camera navigation is unavailable in the current view": "Kameranavigering är inte tillgänglig i aktuell vy",
+  "Camera navigation policy unavailable": "Policy för kameranavigering otillgänglig",
+  "Nearest-aircraft selection supports Flights or Military Flights only": "Val av närmaste luftfartyg stöder bara ”Liveflyg” eller ”Militärflyg”",
+  "Nearest-aircraft selection needs a preset, place name, or latitude and longitude": "Val av närmaste luftfartyg kräver ett förval, ett ortnamn eller latitud och longitud",
+  "Could not arrive at the requested place": "Kunde inte nå den begärda platsen",
+  "The nearest airborne aircraft could not be selected": "Närmaste luftfartyg i luften kunde inte väljas",
+  "No flights within {radius} of the current view": "Inga flygningar inom {radius} från aktuell vy",
+  "No military within {radius} of the current view": "Inget militärflyg inom {radius} från aktuell vy",
+  "No satellites within {radius} of the current view": "Inga satelliter inom {radius} från aktuell vy",
+  "No vessels within {radius} of the current view": "Inga fartyg inom {radius} från aktuell vy",
+  "{layer} is enabled on the {source} feed, but no airborne aircraft is loaded in the {place} view yet": "{layer} är aktiverat med flödet {source}, men inget luftfartyg i luften har laddats i vyn över {place} än",
+  "{layer} is enabled, but no airborne aircraft is loaded in the {place} view yet": "Lagret ”{layer}” är aktiverat, men inga luftfartyg i luften har laddats i vyn över {place} ännu",
+  "{layer} is enabled, but its aircraft feed is unavailable": "Lagret ”{layer}” är aktiverat, men flödet med luftfartyg är otillgängligt",
+  "{layer} is enabled, but its destination refresh did not complete": "Lagret ”{layer}” är aktiverat, men uppdateringen vid målet blev inte klar",
+  "{layer} is enabled, but {source} is unavailable": "Lagret ”{layer}” är aktiverat, men {source} är otillgänglig",
+  "Could not arrive at {place}": "Kunde inte nå {place}",
+  "{name} is no longer loaded": "{name} är inte längre laddad",
+  "Unknown target layer: {target}": "Okänt mållager: {target}",
+  "nominal": "normal",
+  "{label} on": "{label} på",
+  "Frame aircraft": "Rama in luftfartyg",
+  "Frame military aircraft": "Rama in militära luftfartyg",
+  "Frame ships": "Rama in fartyg",
+  "Frame satellites": "Rama in satelliter",
+  "Frame contacts": "Rama in kontakter",
+  "{count} aircraft in frame": {
+    "one": "{count} luftfartyg i bild",
+    "other": "{count} luftfartyg i bild"
+  },
+  "{count} military aircraft in frame": {
+    "one": "{count} militärt luftfartyg i bild",
+    "other": "{count} militära luftfartyg i bild"
+  },
+  "{count} ships in frame": {
+    "one": "{count} fartyg i bild",
+    "other": "{count} fartyg i bild"
+  },
+  "{count} satellites in frame": {
+    "one": "{count} satellit i bild",
+    "other": "{count} satelliter i bild"
+  },
+  "{count} contacts in frame": {
+    "one": "{count} kontakt i bild",
+    "other": "{count} kontakter i bild"
+  },
+  "Nearest military aircraft": "Närmaste militära luftfartyg",
+  "Nearest ships": "Närmaste fartyg",
+  "Nearest satellites": "Närmaste satelliter",
+  "Nearest aircraft": "Närmaste luftfartyg",
+  "{first} and {second}": "{first} och {second}",
+  "Layer": "Lager",
+  "there": "platsen",
+  "Camera range {range}": "Kameraavstånd {range}",
+  "Within {radius} of the view": "Inom {radius} från vyns mitt",
+  "Labels on": "Etiketter på",
+  "Framing uses the nearest 80 loaded contacts": "Inramningen använder de 80 närmaste laddade kontakterna",
+  "{distance} from {location}": "{distance} från {location}",
+  "Altitude {altitude}": "Höjd {altitude}",
+  "{origin} to {destination}": "{origin} till {destination}",
+  "from {origin}": "från {origin}",
+  "to {destination}": "till {destination}",
+  "Registration {registration}": "Registrering {registration}",
+  "View state": "Vystatus",
+  "Marked {count} places": {
+    "one": "{count} plats markerad",
+    "other": "{count} platser markerade"
+  },
+  "Nothing marked": "Inget markerat",
+  "Not found: {places}": "Hittades inte: {places}",
+  "Tracing outlines": "Tar fram konturer",
+  "Frame flights": "Rama in flygningar",
+  "Frame military": "Rama in militärflyg",
+  "Frame vessels": "Rama in fartyg",
+  "Frame {target}": "Rama in {target}",
+  "Zoom out to globe": "Zooma ut till globen",
+  "Open data layers": "Öppna datalager",
+  "Open or close a panel": "Öppna eller stäng en panel",
+  "Change context mode": "Byt kontextläge",
+  "Control cockpit": "Styr cockpit",
+  "Change visual style": "Byt visuell stil",
+  "Adjust HUD": "Justera HUD",
+  "Adjust cyber sonar": "Justera cybersonar",
+  "Adjust detection overlay": "Justera detekteringsöverlägg",
+  "Change map stack": "Ändra kartstack",
+  "Adjust post-processing": "Justera efterbehandling",
+  "Control scene": "Styr scen",
+  "Control CCTV": "Styr CCTV",
+  "Control radio": "Styr radio",
+  "Track contact": "Följ kontakt",
+  "Stop tracking": "Avbryt följning",
+  "Clear marks": "Rensa markeringar",
+  "Move camera": "Flytta kameran",
+  "Fly route": "Flyg rutt",
+  "Analyst query": "Analysfråga",
+  "Next ISS pass": "Nästa ISS-passage",
+  "Next satellite pass": "Nästa satellitpassage",
+  "Mark the map": "Markera på kartan",
+  "Mark {targets} +{more}": "Markera {targets} +{more}",
+  "Mark {targets}": "Markera {targets}",
+  "Fly to {place}": "Flyg till {place}",
+  "Fly to Location": "Flyg till plats",
+  "Nearest aircraft to {place}": "Närmaste luftfartyg vid {place}",
+  "Nearest aircraft to Here": "Närmaste luftfartyg här",
+  "Layer on": "Lager på",
+  "Layer off": "Lager av",
+  "Zoom out": "Zooma ut",
+  "Zoom in": "Zooma in",
+  "Read the view": "Läs av vyn",
+  "Check view state": "Kontrollera vystatus",
+  "Action": "Åtgärd",
+  "Finding places": "Söker platser",
+  "Tracing outline": "Tar fram kontur",
+  "Looking up place": "Slår upp plats",
+  "Flying": "Flyger",
+  "Turning on layer": "Aktiverar lager",
+  "Loading aircraft": "Laddar luftfartyg",
+  "Picking nearest": "Väljer närmaste",
+  "Working": "Arbetar",
+  "in progress": "pågår",
+  "done": "klar",
+  "failed": "misslyckades",
+  "cancelled": "avbröts",
+  "Outline traced": "Kontur framtagen",
+  "Outline unavailable": "Kontur otillgänglig",
+  "Source: {label}": "Källa: {label}",
+  "WORKING": "ARBETAR",
+  "DONE": "KLAR",
+  "Recent speech": "Senast sagt",
+  "HERE": "HÄR",
+  "KTS": "KN",
+  "FT": "FT",
+  "FLT": "FLYG",
+  "MIL": "MIL",
+  "SITE": "ANL.",
+  "WX": "VÄDER",
+  "MM": "MM",
+  "Weather data by Open-Meteo.com": "Väderdata från Open-Meteo.com",
+  "Cockpit briefing pages": "Genomgångssidor i cockpit",
+  "SIG": "SIG",
+  "LOCAL": "LOKALT",
+  "ESC EXIT": "ESC AVSLUTA",
+  "C TOGGLE": "C VÄXLA",
+  "Active weather products": "Aktiva väderprodukter",
+  "RECENT IMAGERY": "SENASTE BILDER",
+  "Imagery days in the box": "Bilddagar i området",
+  "Tune available internet radio stations": "Ställ in tillgängliga internetradiostationer",
+  "DIRECTORY: RADIO BROWSER": "KATALOG: RADIO BROWSER",
+  "Local RTL-SDR receiver": "Lokal RTL-SDR-mottagare",
+  "LOCAL RTL-SDR": "LOKAL RTL-SDR",
+  "Chrome/Edge · WebUSB · one local tuner shared by FM and the Local ADS-B layer.": "Chrome/Edge · WebUSB · en lokal tuner som delas av FM-radion och lagret ”Lokal ADS-B”.",
+  "Use your location for faster ADS-B position decoding": "Använd egen plats för snabbare avkodning av ADS-B-positioner",
+  "CHANGE DEVICE": "BYT ENHET",
+  "Choose a different RTL-SDR or receiver channel": "Välj en annan RTL-SDR eller mottagarkanal",
+  "RTL-SDR receiver mode": "RTL-SDR-mottagarläge",
+  "GAIN": "FÖRST.",
+  "RTL-SDR tuner gain for the current mode": "RTL-SDR-tunerns förstärkning i aktuellt läge",
+  "AUTO": "AUTO",
+  "MSG/S": "MEDD./S",
+  "HEARD": "HÖRDA",
+  "POSITIONED": "MED POS.",
+  "FM MHZ": "FM MHZ",
+  "TUNE": "STÄLL IN",
+  "Seek broadcast FM stations": "Sök FM-radiostationer",
+  "◀ SEEK": "◀ SÖK",
+  "SEEK ▶": "SÖK ▶",
+  "SDR VOL": "SDR-VOL.",
+  "Local SDR volume": "Volym för lokal SDR",
+  "Cyber": "Cyber",
+  "Sonar": "Sonar",
+  "Cyber sonar contact scanner": "Kontaktskanner med cybersonar",
+  "Rings": "Ringar",
+  "Sonar ring count": "Antal sonarringar",
+  "Range": "Räckvidd",
+  "Sonar ring range": "Sonarringarnas räckvidd",
+  "Power": "Styrka",
+  "Sonar intensity": "Sonarintensitet",
+  "Opacity": "Opacitet",
+  "Cyber contact and label opacity": "Opacitet för cyberkontakter och etiketter",
+  "Minimum opacity for map dots, icons, models, brackets, and labels between sonar passes": "Lägsta opacitet för kartpunkter, ikoner, modeller, ramar och etiketter mellan sonarsvepen",
+  "Sector": "Sektor",
+  "Sonar sector width": "Sonarsektorns bredd",
+  "Draw on the world — click vertices, double-click or Enter to finish, Esc to cancel": "Rita på världen – klicka ut hörnpunkter, dubbelklicka eller tryck Enter för att avsluta, Esc för att avbryta",
+  "Shape to draw": "Form att rita",
+  "Area": "Område",
+  "Line": "Linje",
+  "Pin": "Nål",
+  "Primary": "Primär",
+  "Amber": "Bärnsten",
+  "Cyan": "Cyan",
+  "Green": "Grön",
+  "Red": "Röd",
+  "Clear": "Rensa",
+  "Remove every mark from the board": "Ta bort alla markeringar från ritytan",
+  "Show your own GeoJSON, KML, KMZ or GPX files on the globe (or drop them onto it). File bytes stay on this device; overlays can appear in map screenshots shared with voice.": "Visa egna GeoJSON-, KML-, KMZ- eller GPX-filer på globen (eller släpp dem på den). Filinnehållet stannar på den här enheten; överlägg kan synas i kartskärmbilder som delas med röststyrningen.",
+  "Import": "Importera",
+  "Choose GeoJSON, KML, KMZ or GPX files": "Välj GeoJSON-, KML-, KMZ- eller GPX-filer",
+  "Imported files": "Importerade filer",
+  "ACQUIRING FRAME": "HÄMTAR BILDRUTA",
+  "STREET LEVEL": "GATUNIVÅ",
+  "Turn Street Level on or off": "Slå på eller av Gatunivå",
+  "Show the street-level view full screen (Esc shrinks it)": "Visa gatunivåvyn i helskärm (Esc förminskar den)",
+  "Image fit": "Bildanpassning",
+  "FIT": "ANPASSA",
+  "Fit: show the whole photo, with dark bars where its shape differs from the frame": "Anpassa: visa hela fotot, med mörka fält där dess form skiljer sig från ramen",
+  "FILL": "FYLL",
+  "Fill: fill the frame edge to edge, cropping the photo": "Fyll: fyll ramen kant till kant och beskär fotot",
+  "Close the image and deselect it on the map": "Stäng bilden och avmarkera den på kartan",
+  "Close the street-level image": "Stäng gatunivåbilden",
+  "Street-level viewer": "Gatunivåvisare",
+  "Open this image on the provider's site": "Öppna bilden på leverantörens webbplats",
+  "Imagery providers": "Bildleverantörer",
+  "PROVIDERS": "LEVERANTÖRER",
+  "Imagery filters": "Bildfilter",
+  "IMAGERY": "BILDER",
+  "Panorama filter": "Panoramafilter",
+  "ALL": "ALLA",
+  "FLAT": "PLATTA",
+  "SINCE": "SEDAN",
+  "Toggle straight-down and tilted map views": "Växla mellan kartvy rakt uppifrån och lutad kartvy",
+  "Reset map to north up": "Återställ kartan med norr uppåt",
+  "Reset map bearing to north": "Återställ kartans bäring till norr",
+  "Cyclone request timed out": "Tidsgränsen för cyklonförfrågan överskreds",
+  "Malformed cyclone snapshot": "Felaktig ögonblicksbild av cykloner",
+  "STALE · Roads: {source} · Flow: cached TomTom tiles": "INAKTUELL · Vägar: {source} · Trafikflöde: cachade TomTom-kartrutor",
+  "routing busy — too many routes at once": "ruttplaneringen är upptagen – för många rutter samtidigt",
+  "route proxy error": "fel i ruttproxyn",
+  "{lower} to {upper}": "{lower} till {upper}",
+  "Up to {upper}": "Upp till {upper}",
+  "From {lower}": "Från {lower}",
+  "Informational only · not for flight planning": "Endast som information · inte för flygplanering",
+  "Unnamed zone": "Namnlös zon",
+  "Restricted airspace source unavailable": "Källan för restriktionsområden är otillgänglig",
+  "Prohibited (P)": "Förbjudet område (P)",
+  "Restricted (R)": "Restriktionsområde (R)",
+  "FAA prohibited and restricted special-use airspace only, not the UAS Facility Map or UAS flight restrictions. Informational only — not a substitute for official UAS flight-planning tools (B4UFLY / LAANC).": "Endast FAA:s förbjudna områden och restriktionsområden (luftrum för särskild användning), inte UAS Facility Map eller UAS-flygrestriktioner. Endast som information – ersätter inte officiella verktyg för UAS-flygplanering (B4UFLY / LAANC).",
+  "Prohibited": "Förbjudet område",
+  "Restricted": "Restriktionsområde",
+  "Prohibited & Restricted Airspace": "Förbjudna områden och restriktionsområden",
+  "scene|PLAY": "SPELA UPP",
+  "AUTHORING": "REDIGERING",
+  "Create and edit scenes": "Skapa och redigera scener",
+  "SCENE": "SCEN",
+  "Scene": "Scen",
+  "NEW SCENE": "NY SCEN",
+  "Start a new, empty scene": "Börja en ny, tom scen",
+  "DELETE": "RADERA",
+  "Delete this scene and all of its shots": "Radera scenen och alla dess tagningar",
+  "SHOTS": "TAGNINGAR",
+  "+ CAPTURE SHOT": "+ SPARA TAGNING",
+  "Add the current view, style and layers as the next shot": "Lägg till aktuell vy, stil och lager som nästa tagning",
+  "Replace the selected shot with the current view": "Ersätt vald tagning med aktuell vy",
+  "Click a shot to select it, double-click to rename.": "Klicka på en tagning för att välja den, dubbelklicka för att byta namn.",
+  "Play from this scene through the rest of the project": "Spela upp från den här scenen genom resten av projektet",
+  "Stop playback (Esc)": "Stoppa uppspelningen (Esc)",
+  "Play the shot after the selected one, moving on to the next scene when needed": "Spela upp tagningen efter den valda och gå vidare till nästa scen vid behov",
+  "SAVE & SHARE": "SPARA & DELA",
+  "Download every scene as a JSON file you can import later": "Ladda ner alla scener som en JSON-fil som kan importeras senare",
+  "Load scenes from an exported JSON file": "Läs in scener från en exporterad JSON-fil",
+  "Download the timing log of the last play": "Ladda ner tidsloggen från senaste uppspelningen",
+  "Edit anchors, data packs and shot details": "Redigera ankare, datapaket och tagningsdetaljer",
+  "Download this scene as JSON or an asset bundle": "Ladda ner scenen som JSON eller som resurspaket",
+  "Left panels": "Vänstra paneler",
+  "Right panels": "Högra paneler",
+  "CONFIRMED": "BEKRÄFTAD",
+  "PAD / RTLS": "RAMP / RTLS",
+  "fire confidence filter|All": "Alla",
+  "fire confidence filter|Nominal+": "Normal+",
+  "fire confidence filter|High": "Hög",
+  "Every detection — many of the strongest fires are rated low confidence": "Alla detekteringar – många av de kraftigaste bränderna har låg säkerhet",
+  "Nominal and high confidence detections": "Detekteringar med normal och hög säkerhet",
+  "High confidence detections only": "Bara detekteringar med hög säkerhet",
+  "Fire intensity (FRP)": "Brandintensitet (FRP)",
+  "≥ {value} MW": "≥ {value} MW",
+  "Confidence": "Säkerhet",
+  "Minimum fire radiative power, megawatts": "Lägsta strålningseffekt från branden, megawatt",
+  "fire intensity filter|All": "Alla",
+  "Detection confidence": "Detekteringens säkerhet",
+  "{shown} of {total} shown": "{shown} av {total} visas",
+  "Name of {name}": "Namn på {name}",
+  "Change the colour of {name}": "Ändra färg på {name}",
+  "Colour of {name}": "Färg på {name}",
+  "Colour of the next shape": "Färg på nästa form",
+  "Drawn shapes": "Ritade former",
+  "Audio": "Ljud",
+  "UTILITIES": "VERKTYG",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a drawing": "Lämna cockpit för att flyga till en ritning",
+  "Directions, drawing and your own files": "Vägbeskrivning, ritning och egna filer",
+  "Voice place search (needs an Overpass server)": "Platssökning med röst (kräver en Overpass-server)",
+  "OSM Places": "OSM-platser",
+  "state or province": "delstat eller provins",
+  "county or district": "län eller distrikt",
+  "neighbourhood": "stadsdel",
+  "natural region": "naturområde",
+  "Which {place}?": "Vilken plats menas med {place}?",
+  "Which place?": "Vilken plats?",
+  "Not drawn: {parts}": "Inte ritat: {parts}",
+  "approximate": "ungefärlig",
+  "{pct}% cloud": "{pct} % molnighet",
+  "Over {area}": "Över {area}",
+  "{count} of {total} acquisitions match": {
+    "one": "{count} av {total} upptagning matchar",
+    "other": "{count} av {total} upptagningar matchar"
+  },
+  "{n} acquisitions searched": {
+    "one": "{n} upptagning genomsökt",
+    "other": "{n} upptagningar genomsökta"
+  },
+  "No matching imagery": "Inga matchande bilder",
+  "Unknown number of {kind}": "Okänt antal {kind}",
+  "About {count} {kind}": "Cirka {count} {kind}",
+  "At least {count} {kind}": "Minst {count} {kind}",
+  "{count} {kind}": "{count} {kind}",
+  "In {area}": "I {area}",
+  "Area around {place}": "Område runt {place}",
+  "Area around landmark": "Område runt landmärke",
+  "Outline {place}": "Rita konturen av {place}",
+  "Outline area": "Rita områdets kontur",
+  "Find {place}": "Hitta {place}",
+  "Find area": "Hitta område",
+  "Find recent imagery": "Hitta senaste bilder",
+  "Find {what}": "Hitta {what}",
+  "Find places": "Hitta platser",
+  "Drawing outline": "Ritar kontur",
+  "Searching imagery catalog": "Söker i bildkatalogen",
+  "Loading imagery": "Laddar bilder",
+  "Searching OpenStreetMap": "Söker i OpenStreetMap",
+  "voice area|Area": "Område",
+  "buffer sized to the place": "buffert anpassad efter platsen",
+  "enclosing mapped area": "omslutande kartlagt område",
+  "the map was cleared while looking it up": "kartan rensades under sökningen",
+  "OpenStreetMap coverage varies by place": "OpenStreetMap har olika täckning på olika platser",
+  "the catalog covers the last 30 days": "katalogen omfattar de senaste 30 dagarna",
+  "there are more": "det finns fler",
+  "{radius} m around the landmark": "{radius} m runt landmärket",
+  "{count} parts": {
+    "one": "{count} del",
+    "other": "{count} delar"
+  },
+  "{drawn} of {total} parts drawn": {
+    "one": "{drawn} av {total} del ritad",
+    "other": "{drawn} av {total} delar ritade"
+  },
+  "{count} duplicate mappings merged": {
+    "one": "{count} dubbelkartlagt objekt sammanslaget",
+    "other": "{count} dubbelkartlagda objekt sammanslagna"
+  },
+  "listed the first {limit}": "visar de första {limit}",
+  "counted over the bounding box of {area}, not its outline": "räknat inom den omslutande rektangeln för {area}, inte dess kontur",
+  "Search cancelled": "Sökningen avbröts",
+  "Sea Marks": "Sjömärken",
+  "Ski Pistes": "Skidbackar",
+  "Fly to Tokyo": "Flyg till Tokyo",
+  "Show live flights": "Visa liveflyg",
+  "Reset to globe view": "Återgå till globvy",
+  "Show earthquakes": "Visa jordbävningar",
+  "AI chat": "AI-chatt",
+  "GEV CHAT": "GEV-CHATT",
+  "Ask about the map. Tell it where to go.": "Fråga om kartan. Säg vart den ska flyga.",
+  "Close chat": "Stäng chatten",
+  "Conversation": "Konversation",
+  "Explore with a question": "Utforska med en fråga",
+  "Find a place, explore live data, or change your view.": "Hitta en plats, utforska livedata eller ändra vyn.",
+  "Attachments": "Bilagor",
+  "Remove attachment": "Ta bort bilaga",
+  "Attach a map layer": "Bifoga ett kartlager",
+  "Choose a layer…": "Välj ett lager …",
+  "Attach a file": "Bifoga en fil",
+  "TXT, Markdown, CSV, JSON or GeoJSON · up to 10 KB in total. Attachments are sent to your AI provider with your message.": "TXT, Markdown, CSV, JSON eller GeoJSON · högst 10 kB totalt. Bilagor skickas till vald AI-leverantör tillsammans med meddelandet.",
+  "Latest AI response": "Senaste AI-svaret",
+  "Expand conversation": "Fäll ut konversationen",
+  "Command suggestions": "Kommandoförslag",
+  "Expand chat": "Fäll ut chatten",
+  "Add attachment": "Lägg till bilaga",
+  "Message GEV": "Meddelande till GEV",
+  "Ask GEV anything about the map…": "Fråga GEV vad som helst om kartan …",
+  "Stop reply": "Stoppa svaret",
+  "Send message": "Skicka meddelande",
+  "Panel position": "Panelposition",
+  "Move above the dock": "Flytta ovanför dockan",
+  "Dock to the right": "Docka till höger",
+  "Expand panel": "Fäll ut panelen",
+  "Minimize panel": "Minimera panelen",
+  "You can attach up to four items.": "Högst fyra objekt kan bifogas.",
+  "Attachments are too large together. Use smaller files.": "Bilagorna är tillsammans för stora. Använd mindre filer.",
+  "Choose a TXT, Markdown, CSV, JSON or GeoJSON file.": "Välj en TXT-, Markdown-, CSV-, JSON- eller GeoJSON-fil.",
+  "Each file must be 10 KB or smaller.": "Varje fil får vara högst 10 kB.",
+  "Choose a non-empty UTF-8 text file.": "Välj en UTF-8-textfil som inte är tom.",
+  "Connecting…": "Ansluter …",
+  "Thinking…": "Tänker …",
+  "Working on the map…": "Arbetar med kartan …",
+  "Silent chat · microphone off": "Tyst chatt · mikrofon av",
+  "Reply interrupted. You can try again.": "Svaret avbröts. Försök igen.",
+  "Could not connect. Try again.": "Kunde inte ansluta. Försök igen.",
+  "Session ended. Send a message to start a new conversation.": "Sessionen avslutades. Skicka ett meddelande för att starta en ny konversation.",
+  "Connection timed out. Try again.": "Tidsgränsen för anslutningen överskreds. Försök igen.",
+  "Chat closed.": "Chatten stängdes.",
+  "Connection stopped.": "Anslutningen avbröts.",
+  "Message and attachments are too large. Remove an attachment or shorten your message.": "Meddelandet och bilagorna är för stora. Ta bort en bilaga eller korta ner meddelandet.",
+  "Message was not sent. Try again.": "Meddelandet skickades inte. Försök igen.",
+  "Reply stopped.": "Svaret stoppades.",
+  "Suggestions": "Förslag",
+  "Recent": "Senaste",
+  "Quick commands": "Snabbkommandon",
+  "Open AI chat": "Öppna AI-chatten",
+  "CHAT": "CHATT",
+  "Back to chat": "Tillbaka till chatten",
+  "Back to voice": "Tillbaka till röststyrning",
+  "Latest voice exchange": "Senaste röstdialogen",
+  "Try saying": "Prova att säga",
+  "What am I looking at?": "Vad tittar jag på?",
+  "AI Provider": "AI-leverantör",
+  "The selected AI provider is shared by voice and chat.": "Vald AI-leverantör används för både röststyrning och chatt.",
+  "Show quick commands": "Visa snabbkommandon",
+  "Chat replies are silent. No microphone access is needed.": "Chattsvar är tysta. Ingen mikrofonåtkomst behövs.",
+  "Chat": "Chatt",
+  "Attach layer": "Bifoga lager",
+  "Typed chat uses your OpenAI API key. ChatGPT sign-in covers voice only.": "Textchatten använder den egna OpenAI-API-nyckeln. Inloggning med ChatGPT gäller bara röststyrning.",
+  "Typed chat is unavailable while GEV_PREFER_CODEX_OAUTH requires ChatGPT OAuth.": "Textchatten är otillgänglig så länge GEV_PREFER_CODEX_OAUTH kräver ChatGPT OAuth.",
+  "That request needed too many steps. Changes already made to the map stay in place.": "Förfrågan krävde för många steg. Ändringar som redan gjorts på kartan ligger kvar.",
+  "That request needed too many steps. Try a simpler request.": "Förfrågan krävde för många steg. Prova en enklare förfrågan.",
+  "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "Leverantören avvisade API-nyckeln. Kontrollera den i Leverantörsinställningar.",
+  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "För många chattförfrågningar. Försök igen om {seconds} s.",
+  "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "Leverantören nekade åtkomst för den här nyckeln. Kontrollera nyckelns projekt, region eller behörigheter.",
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "Leverantörskontot har slut på krediter. Kontrollera faktureringen eller välj en annan AI-leverantör i Inställningar.",
+  "SIGHTING": "OBSERVATION",
+  "Show {name} sighting": "Visa observationen av {name}",
+  "seen {age} ago": "sedd för {age} sedan",
+  "observed {age} ago": "observerad för {age} sedan",
+  "Be Whale Wise": "Be Whale Wise",
+  "Reported by {name} ({entity})": "Rapporterad av {name} ({entity})",
+  "Reported by {name}": "Rapporterad av {name}",
+  "Salish Sea": "Salish Sea",
+  "Birds": "Fåglar",
+  "Mammals": "Däggdjur",
+  "Reptiles": "Kräldjur",
+  "Amphibians": "Groddjur",
+  "Ray-finned fishes": "Strålfeniga fiskar",
+  "Insects": "Insekter",
+  "Arachnids": "Spindeldjur",
+  "Plants": "Växter",
+  "Fungi": "Svampar",
+  "Other animals": "Övriga djur",
+  "Other or unknown": "Övrigt eller okänt",
+  "{label} {detail} — click to retry": "{label}: {detail} – klicka för att försöka igen",
+  "Wildlife sightings source unavailable": "Källan för djurobservationer är otillgänglig",
+  "Show only community-confirmed (research-grade) sightings": "Visa bara observationer som bekräftats av andra användare (forskningskvalitet)",
+  "No recent sightings in view": "Inga aktuella observationer i vyn",
+  "Acartia feed unavailable": "Acartia-flödet är otillgängligt",
+  "Show all taxa": "Visa alla artgrupper",
+  "BIRDS": "FÅGLAR",
+  "Show only birds": "Visa bara fåglar",
+  "MAMMALS": "DÄGGDJUR",
+  "Show only mammals": "Visa bara däggdjur",
+  "WHALES": "VALAR",
+  "Show only whales and dolphins (7 days)": "Visa bara valar och delfiner (7 dygn)",
+  "INSECTS": "INSEKTER",
+  "Show only insects": "Visa bara insekter",
+  "PLANTS": "VÄXTER",
+  "Show only plants": "Visa bara växter",
+  "All rights reserved": "Alla rättigheter förbehållna",
+  "Cetacean": "Valdjur",
+  "Wildlife Sightings": "Djurobservationer",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a sighting": "Lämna cockpit för att flyga till en observation",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a sighting area": "Lämna cockpit för att flyga till ett observationsområde",
+  "Wildlife": "Vilda djur",
+  "Zoom in for local sightings": "Zooma in för lokala observationer",
+  "Loading photo...": "Laddar foto …",
+  "Photo unavailable": "Foto otillgängligt",
+  "Location obscured to a 0.2° cell": "Platsen är avrundad till en ruta på 0,2°",
+  "Photo of {name}": "Foto av {name}",
+  "Acartia": "Acartia",
+  "CC BY 4.0": "CC BY 4.0",
+  "{count} sightings in view": "{count} observationer i vyn",
+  "Close sighting": "Stäng observationen",
+  "Wildlife observed within 48 h (whales 7 d). Color and badge glyph show the taxon group. Sensitive species are shown only as 0.2° cells; Salish Sea marine mammal reports via Acartia are rounded to 0.01°. Not a census.": "Vilda djur observerade de senaste 48 h (valar 7 d). Färg och symbol visar artgruppen. Känsliga arter visas bara som rutor på 0,2°; rapporter om marina däggdjur i Salish Sea via Acartia avrundas till 0,01°. Ingen inventering.",
+  "Open {name} on iNaturalist": "Öppna {name} på iNaturalist",
+  "Open {name} on Acartia": "Öppna {name} på Acartia",
+  "iNaturalist": "iNaturalist",
+  "iNaturalist contributors · licences per record": "iNaturalists bidragsgivare · licens per observation",
+  "iNaturalist contributors · Acartia {count} (Salish Sea) · licences per record": "iNaturalists bidragsgivare · Acartia {count} (Salish Sea) · licens per observation",
+  "{days}d": "{days} d",
+  "All markers": "Alla markörer",
+  "Show markers of every age": "Visa markörer oavsett ålder",
+  "Maximum event age: {days}d; undated markers are kept": "Högsta ålder på händelser: {days} d; markörer utan datum behålls",
+  "event age filter|All": "Alla",
+  "Event age": "Händelsernas ålder",
+  "Event age: {days}d · undated kept": "Händelsernas ålder: {days} d · utan datum behålls",
+  "Close camera preview": "Stäng förhandsvisningen av kameran",
+  "Refresh map still": "Uppdatera kartbilden",
+  "The map still uses a separate request and may show a different moment.": "Kartbilden hämtas separat och kan visa ett annat ögonblick.",
+  "Video plays from Québec 511, which sees your IP address.": "Videon spelas upp från Québec 511, som ser din IP-adress."
+}
diff --git a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
index 0dc9841f7..b0714ee2a 100644
--- a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
+++ b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
@@ -944,6 +944,169 @@
     "iNaturalist",
     "iNaturalist ↗"
   ],
+  "sv": [
+    "STATION",
+    "NAV",
+    "GEO",
+    "SAR",
+    "CRT",
+    "NVG",
+    "FLIR",
+    "REC",
+    "AIS: --",
+    "HDG {value}°",
+    "BRG {value}°",
+    "BRG —",
+    "CRS {value}°",
+    "Station {id}",
+    "Station",
+    "FOV {value}°",
+    "▲ {frp} MW",
+    "T−{time} · {mission}",
+    "{value} KM",
+    "{value} KM/S",
+    "STATUS · ",
+    "DESTINATION",
+    "STATUS",
+    "T minus {seconds}",
+    "Ambient",
+    "Blues",
+    "Country",
+    "Dance",
+    "Folk",
+    "Funk",
+    "House",
+    "Indie",
+    "Jazz",
+    "Latin",
+    "Metal",
+    "Oldies",
+    "Pop",
+    "Punk",
+    "R&B",
+    "Reggae",
+    "Rock",
+    "Soul",
+    "Techno",
+    "Trance",
+    "AIS: {name}",
+    "{type}  SPD: {speed}  HDG: {heading}",
+    "POS: LIVE",
+    "POS: {time}Z",
+    "Bloom",
+    "{domain} · {age}",
+    "{cohort} · {contact}",
+    "{side} {angle}",
+    "DEST {bearing}",
+    "Normal",
+    "Anime",
+    "Noir",
+    "{aircraftClass} · {distance}",
+    "CCTV",
+    "Radio",
+    "{state} · {source}",
+    "{state} · {source} · {detail}",
+    "{source} · {loadingLabel}",
+    "{state} · {source} · {detail} · {ago}",
+    "{state} · {source} · {ago}",
+    "{source} · {ago}",
+    "{name}: {state}",
+    "DEST ---°",
+    "TEMP",
+    "RADIO",
+    "COCKPIT",
+    "Layout",
+    "Minimal",
+    "Scope",
+    "{speed} kn",
+    "NORMAL",
+    "ANIME",
+    "NOIR",
+    "view band|GLOBAL",
+    "{distance} · {duration} · {mode}",
+    "S2 · {name}",
+    "1090 MHz",
+    "978 MHz UAT",
+    "V/S {rate}",
+    "POSITION {age}",
+    "fire behavior|Minimal",
+    "{county} County",
+    "Sentinel-2",
+    "Sentinel-2 via HLS",
+    "Landsat 8/9",
+    "Landsat 8/9 via HLS",
+    "Google Street View",
+    "GOOGLE STREET VIEW",
+    "Hybrid",
+    "{state} · {time} · {lag}",
+    "{state}: {time}",
+    "RADAR · {units}",
+    "REGION",
+    "FILTER",
+    "{source} HTTP {status}",
+    "N",
+    "S",
+    "WHOT/BHOT",
+    "Ironbow",
+    "HDG",
+    "FOV",
+    "ΔN",
+    "LIVE",
+    "OK",
+    "{value} KM/H",
+    "SQUAWK {code} · {status}",
+    "{aircraftClass} · {emergency} · {feedState}",
+    "S2 GhostMaps",
+    "NASA FIRMS · LIVE",
+    "feed status|live",
+    "DSP {count} blocks",
+    "Austin",
+    "San Francisco",
+    "New York",
+    "Tokyo",
+    "London",
+    "Paris",
+    "Dubai",
+    "Washington DC",
+    "Tallinn",
+    "Los Angeles",
+    "{category} ({count})",
+    "A / B",
+    "km/h",
+    "m/s",
+    "mph",
+    "hPa",
+    "ft",
+    "km",
+    "m",
+    "h",
+    "min",
+    "s",
+    "dB",
+    "STD",
+    "Plan",
+    "MINI",
+    "standard",
+    "mini",
+    "STANDARD",
+    "{items} {scope}",
+    "FT",
+    "MIL",
+    "MM",
+    "SIG",
+    "AUTO",
+    "FM MHZ",
+    "Cyber",
+    "Sonar",
+    "Cyan",
+    "≥ {value} MW",
+    "{count} {kind}",
+    "Be Whale Wise",
+    "Salish Sea",
+    "Acartia",
+    "CC BY 4.0",
+    "iNaturalist"
+  ],
   "uk": [
     "AIS: --",
     "AIS: {name}",
diff --git a/src/ui/localePicker.test.mjs b/src/ui/localePicker.test.mjs
index d59c9926b..09939c339 100644
--- a/src/ui/localePicker.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/localePicker.test.mjs
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ test('the current language comes first, the rest by their own names', () => {
       'fr',
       'it',
       'pt',
+      'sv',
       'ar',
       'zh-CN',
       'zh-Hant',
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ test('the current language comes first, the rest by their own names', () => {
       'fr',
       'it',
       'pt',
+      'sv',
       'ru',
       'uk',
       'ar',
@@ -96,6 +98,7 @@ test('the current language comes first, the rest by their own names', () => {
       'fr',
       'it',
       'pt',
+      'sv',
       'ru',
       'uk',
       'ar',
@@ -120,6 +123,7 @@ test('the current language comes first, the rest by their own names', () => {
       'fr',
       'it',
       'pt',
+      'sv',
       'ru',
       'uk',
       'zh-CN',

From 0f9592c77accb7d5ec213e00067f507b7c8c123b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kaj Obst <217931875+Kajjan7610@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Nov 2026 13:47:03 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 072/181] changelog: Swedish (sv), #1630

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 changelog.d/1630-swedish.md | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1630-swedish.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1630-swedish.md b/changelog.d/1630-swedish.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1855d501a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1630-swedish.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+- Add Swedish (sv) to the language picker: the whole interface in Swedish,
+  with Swedish number and date formats and a style guide and glossary in
+  docs/translations/sv.md (Kaj Obst, @Kajjan7610, #1630).

From 9f2dfdf8208efdd831b0f0743edb12f76774c809 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Andr=C3=A9s=20Valdez?=
 <762946+avaldini@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 07:34:33 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 073/181] fix(voice): send OpenAI Realtime tool schemas the API
 accepts
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

OpenAI Realtime now answers 400 invalid_function_parameters for a whole
session whose tool schema uses Unicode property classes, as resolve_area's
area-id pattern does, so voice never connects ("Failed to create Realtime
token"). The session sends its tools through chatSchema, the filter typed
chat adopted in #1616, which leaves out only \p{…} patterns; area ids are
still checked against the action's own contract before the tool runs.

Fixes #1618
---
 server/providers/openai/chat.js     |  2 +-
 server/providers/openai/realtime.js | 17 +++++++++++-
 src/tooling/localServices.test.mjs  | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 3 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/server/providers/openai/chat.js b/server/providers/openai/chat.js
index 6ca4648d6..b0f7fe211 100644
--- a/server/providers/openai/chat.js
+++ b/server/providers/openai/chat.js
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ function validMessages(messages) {
  * 400 for a whole request whose tool uses Unicode property classes (`\p{L}`),
  * as `resolve_area`'s area ids do. Every argument is still checked against
  * the action's own contract before the tool runs, so the model loses a hint,
- * not a rule. Realtime voice accepts these patterns and keeps them.
+ * not a rule. Realtime voice refuses them too now (#1618) and uses this as well.
  */
 export function chatSchema(schema) {
   if (Array.isArray(schema)) return schema.map(chatSchema);
diff --git a/server/providers/openai/realtime.js b/server/providers/openai/realtime.js
index 73ac8d2cf..4412eb331 100644
--- a/server/providers/openai/realtime.js
+++ b/server/providers/openai/realtime.js
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import {
 } from './constants.js';
 import { realtimeInstructions } from './instructions.js';
 import { GEV_REALTIME_TOOLS, offeredTools } from './tools.js';
+import { chatSchema } from './chat.js';
 import { resolveOverpassUpstreams } from '../overpass/constants.js';
 import {
   preferCodexOAuth,
@@ -128,6 +129,19 @@ function createRealtimeOAuthLoginHandler({
   };
 }
 
+/**
+ * The tools one Realtime session is offered, as OpenAI accepts them: it now
+ * refuses a whole session whose tool schema uses `\p{…}` patterns (#1618), as
+ * Chat Completions did (#1616), so voice drops the same pattern hints chat does.
+ */
+function realtimeSessionTools(tools, { overpass = false } = {}) {
+  return offeredTools(tools, { overpass }).map((tool) =>
+    tool.parameters
+      ? { ...tool, parameters: chatSchema(tool.parameters) }
+      : tool,
+  );
+}
+
 function createRealtimeTokenHandler({
   annotationGuidance,
   endpoint = 'https://api.openai.com/v1/realtime/client_secrets',
@@ -303,7 +317,7 @@ function createRealtimeTokenHandler({
           output: { voice },
         },
         instructions: realtimeInstructions(annotationGuidance, { overpass }),
-        tools: offeredTools(tools, { overpass }),
+        tools: realtimeSessionTools(tools, { overpass }),
         tool_choice: 'auto',
       },
     };
@@ -370,4 +384,5 @@ export {
   createRealtimeOAuthLoginHandler,
   createRealtimeOAuthStatusHandler,
   createRealtimeTokenHandler,
+  realtimeSessionTools,
 };
diff --git a/src/tooling/localServices.test.mjs b/src/tooling/localServices.test.mjs
index 84a2f6926..7a69b5e7f 100644
--- a/src/tooling/localServices.test.mjs
+++ b/src/tooling/localServices.test.mjs
@@ -20,12 +20,9 @@ import {
 import { openAiRealtimeProxy } from 'gods-eye-view/server/providers/openai';
 import { keySetupEndpoint } from 'gods-eye-view/server/standalone/key-setup';
 import { realtimeInstructions } from '../../server/providers/openai/instructions.js';
-import {
-  GEV_REALTIME_TOOLS,
-  offeredTools,
-  realtimeTools,
-} from '../../server/providers/openai/tools.js';
+import { GEV_REALTIME_TOOLS } from '../../server/providers/openai/tools.js';
 import { createDebugLogHandler } from '../../server/providers/openai/debug-log.js';
+import { realtimeSessionTools } from '../../server/providers/openai/realtime.js';
 import { attachVoiceResult } from '../voice/speech.js';
 import { sanitizeDebugValue } from '../voice/realtimeDiagnostics.js';
 import { standaloneVoiceTools } from '../../server/standalone/voiceTools.js';
@@ -199,7 +196,10 @@ test('Realtime handler preserves tools and default instructions, isolates suppli
       sent.at(-1).session.instructions,
       realtimeInstructions(guidance),
     );
-    assert.deepEqual(sent.at(-1).session.tools, realtimeTools());
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      sent.at(-1).session.tools,
+      realtimeSessionTools(GEV_REALTIME_TOOLS),
+    );
   }
   assert.notEqual(sent[0].session.instructions, sent[1].session.instructions);
   assert.equal(sent[0].session.instructions, sent[2].session.instructions);
@@ -607,7 +607,10 @@ test('osm_query is offered only when an operator configured Overpass', async (t)
   assert.doesNotMatch(plain.instructions, /osm_query/);
   assert.ok(names(plain).includes('resolve_area'));
   assert.ok(names(plain).includes('find_imagery'));
-  assert.deepEqual(configured.tools, GEV_REALTIME_TOOLS);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    configured.tools,
+    realtimeSessionTools(GEV_REALTIME_TOOLS, { overpass: true }),
+  );
   assert.match(configured.instructions, /osm_query/);
   assert.equal(
     configured.instructions,
@@ -656,7 +659,7 @@ test('Realtime sessions carry supplied tools, and the standalone voice adds the
   );
   assert.equal(response.status, 200);
   // Without an operator Overpass, osm_query is left out of the session.
-  assert.deepEqual(sent.at(-1).session.tools, offeredTools(tools));
+  assert.deepEqual(sent.at(-1).session.tools, realtimeSessionTools(tools));
   assert.ok(
     !sent.at(-1).session.tools.some(({ name }) => name === 'osm_query'),
   );
@@ -740,6 +743,26 @@ test('key setup writes only the supplied application root, retains request guard
   assert.equal(existsSync(path.join(untouched, '.env')), false);
 });
 
+test('Realtime sessions leave out the Unicode property patterns OpenAI refuses (#1618)', async (t) => {
+  // OpenAI answers 400 invalid_function_parameters for a whole Realtime session
+  // whose tool schema uses `\p{…}`, as resolve_area's area ids do, so voice
+  // never connects. The session drops only those patterns, as typed chat does.
+  env(t, 'OPENAI_API_KEY', 'fixture-upstream-secret');
+  env(t, 'GEV_RATELIMIT_OPENAI_PER_MIN', undefined);
+  const sent = [];
+  t.mock.method(globalThis, 'fetch', async (_url, options) => {
+    sent.push(JSON.parse(options.body).session);
+    return Response.json({ value: 'fixture-ephemeral' });
+  });
+  const response = await request(
+    install(openAiRealtimeProxy({})).get('/api/realtime/token'),
+  );
+  assert.equal(response.status, 200);
+  const { tools } = sent.at(-1);
+  assert.ok(tools.some(({ name }) => name === 'resolve_area'));
+  assert.doesNotMatch(JSON.stringify(tools), /\\\\[pP]\{/);
+});
+
 test('Realtime service configuration selects compatible endpoint/model without forwarding request model IDs or keys', async () => {
   const handler = install(
     openAiRealtimeProxy({
@@ -757,7 +780,7 @@ test('Realtime service configuration selects compatible endpoint/model without f
           assert.equal(payload.session.model, 'configured-model');
           assert.deepEqual(
             payload.session.tools,
-            realtimeTools({ overpass: false }),
+            realtimeSessionTools(GEV_REALTIME_TOOLS),
           );
           return Response.json({ value: 'short-lived-fixture' });
         },

From d52c719ef645657aea470b8c6aa3b2f2bd791c2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Andr=C3=A9s=20Valdez?=
 <762946+avaldini@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 07:52:24 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 074/181] docs(changelog): OpenAI Realtime voice tool patterns
 (#1638)

---
 changelog.d/1638-openai-realtime-tool-patterns.md | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1638-openai-realtime-tool-patterns.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1638-openai-realtime-tool-patterns.md b/changelog.d/1638-openai-realtime-tool-patterns.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..20e167112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1638-openai-realtime-tool-patterns.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+- Voice on OpenAI connects again: OpenAI Realtime refused every session, so
+  the mic failed with "Failed to create Realtime token", because
+  `resolve_area`'s area-id pattern uses Unicode classes it no longer accepts.
+  Voice leaves those patterns out, as typed chat does; area ids are still
+  checked before the tool runs (avaldini, #1638).

From dd02f8093d2a24876bef9c2e13def54d7b0d3bd5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kaj Obst <217931875+Kajjan7610@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 12:56:16 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 075/181] i18n(sv): translate the strings added since the
 Swedish catalog
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Brings the Swedish catalog up to date with main: 122 new strings from the
satellite classes, the ship bridge and orbital cockpit views, the world
timeline and the place-name layer, translated per
docs/translations/sv.md. Drops the three entries main no longer uses
(DENSE ···, DENSE ✕, C TOGGLE). Brand names, codes and units that read the
same in Swedish (STARLINK, NADIR, TLE, NORAD, NM, Live, …) are listed in
same-as-english.json.

`npm run i18n -- --check` reports sv complete; the i18n tests pass.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 src/i18n/locales/sv.json      | 130 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 src/i18n/same-as-english.json |  16 ++++-
 2 files changed, 141 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/sv.json b/src/i18n/locales/sv.json
index b6921bac8..32eb4f99a 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/sv.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/sv.json
@@ -278,8 +278,6 @@
   "Starlink {detail} — click to retry": "Starlink: {detail} – klicka för att försöka igen",
   "load failed": "laddningen misslyckades",
   "Showing the full Starlink shell — click for the core catalog only": "Visar hela Starlink-skalet – klicka för att bara visa kärnkatalogen",
-  "DENSE ···": "TÄT ···",
-  "DENSE ✕": "TÄT ✕",
   "DENSE": "TÄT",
   "Syncing flow · Roads: {source}": "Synkar trafikflöde · Vägar: {source}",
   "LIVE · Roads: {source} · Roads without flow hidden": "LIVE · Vägar: {source} · Vägar utan flöde dolda",
@@ -2835,7 +2833,6 @@
   "SIG": "SIG",
   "LOCAL": "LOKALT",
   "ESC EXIT": "ESC AVSLUTA",
-  "C TOGGLE": "C VÄXLA",
   "Active weather products": "Aktiva väderprodukter",
   "RECENT IMAGERY": "SENASTE BILDER",
   "Imagery days in the box": "Bilddagar i området",
@@ -3184,5 +3181,130 @@
   "Close camera preview": "Stäng förhandsvisningen av kameran",
   "Refresh map still": "Uppdatera kartbilden",
   "The map still uses a separate request and may show a different moment.": "Kartbilden hämtas separat och kan visa ett annat ögonblick.",
-  "Video plays from Québec 511, which sees your IP address.": "Videon spelas upp från Québec 511, som ser din IP-adress."
+  "Video plays from Québec 511, which sees your IP address.": "Videon spelas upp från Québec 511, som ser din IP-adress.",
+  "STATIONS": "STATIONER",
+  "Crewed stations and the craft that visit them": "Bemannade rymdstationer och farkosterna som besöker dem",
+  "IMAGING": "AVBILDNING",
+  "Earth observation: optical, radar, weather and science": "Jordobservation: optisk, radar, väder och forskning",
+  "TELECOM": "TELEKOM",
+  "Communications and navigation satellites, Starlink excepted": "Kommunikations- och navigeringssatelliter, utom Starlink",
+  "STARLINK": "STARLINK",
+  "The Starlink constellation (thousands of extra points)": "Starlink-konstellationen (tusentals extra punkter)",
+  "PROBES": "SONDER",
+  "Space science, technology demonstration and other payloads": "Rymdforskning, teknikdemonstration och övriga nyttolaster",
+  "DEBRIS": "SKROT",
+  "Rocket bodies, fragments and dead satellites": "Raketsteg, fragment och döda satelliter",
+  "Classes may lag: SATCAT is a cached copy": "Klasserna kan släpa efter: SATCAT är en sparad kopia",
+  "Classes may lag: SATCAT unavailable": "Klasserna kan släpa efter: SATCAT otillgänglig",
+  "CelesTrak SATCAT gives each object's type and status. Without a current copy the classes rest on the UCS database, names and CelesTrak groups, so a satellite that has died since may still show as working.": "CelesTraks SATCAT anger varje objekts typ och status. Utan en aktuell kopia vilar klasserna på UCS-databasen, namn och CelesTraks grupper, så en satellit som har slutat fungera sedan dess kan fortfarande visas som aktiv.",
+  "STARLINK ···": "STARLINK ···",
+  "STARLINK ✕": "STARLINK ✕",
+  "LOOK STBD {bearing}°": "TITTA STYRB. {bearing}°",
+  "LOOK PORT {bearing}°": "TITTA BABORD {bearing}°",
+  "LOOK ASTERN": "TITTA AKTERUT",
+  "UP {angle}°": "UPP {angle}°",
+  "DOWN {angle}°": "NED {angle}°",
+  "{direction} · {elevation}": "{direction} · {elevation}",
+  "LOOK {elevation}": "TITTA {elevation}",
+  "{vesselType} · {feedState} · EYE {height}": "{vesselType} · {feedState} · ÖGA {height}",
+  "LIVE AIS": "LIVE-AIS",
+  "CONTACT NAVIGATION OFF": "KONTAKTNAVIGERING AV",
+  "THE BRIDGE STAYS WITH THE SELECTED VESSEL": "BRYGGAN STANNAR PÅ DET VALDA FARTYGET",
+  "{range} NM": "{range} NM",
+  "AIS DESTINATION · CREW REPORTED": "AIS-DESTINATION · ANGIVEN AV BESÄTTNINGEN",
+  "{label} · NADIR VIEW": "{label} · NADIRVY",
+  "SITES STANDBY": "PLATSER I VÄNTELÄGE",
+  "ENABLE MAPPED INSTALLATIONS FOR SITE PINGS": "SLÅ PÅ ”KARTLAGDA ANLÄGGNINGAR” FÖR PLATSPINGAR",
+  "Unnamed site": "Namnlös plats",
+  "OFF-NADIR {angle}°": "OFF-NADIR {angle}°",
+  "Release the camera from {name}": "Släpp kameran från {name}",
+  "Keep the camera on {name}": "Håll kameran på {name}",
+  "RETURN · {name}": "TILLBAKA · {name}",
+  "PREVIOUS SATELLITE": "FÖREGÅENDE SATELLIT",
+  "Return to {name}": "Tillbaka till {name}",
+  "SATELLITE": "SATELLIT",
+  "Ride {name}": "Åk med {name}",
+  "FWD": "FRAM",
+  "AFT": "AKTER",
+  "RIGHT": "HÖGER",
+  "LEFT": "VÄNSTER",
+  "{direction} {angle}°": "{direction} {angle}°",
+  "OFF-NADIR {angle}° · {offset}": "OFF-NADIR {angle}° · {offset}",
+  "BRIDGE": "BRYGGA",
+  "{label} · HEADING {heading}°": "{label} · KURS {heading}°",
+  "{label} · NO HEADING": "{label} · INGEN KURS",
+  "Place names": "Ortnamn",
+  "Ship bridge view": "Fartygets bryggvy",
+  "Satellite orbital view": "Satellitens omloppsvy",
+  "Exit bridge view": "Lämna bryggvyn",
+  "Exit orbital view": "Lämna omloppsvyn",
+  "EXIT BRIDGE": "LÄMNA BRYGGAN",
+  "EXIT ORBIT": "LÄMNA OMLOPPET",
+  "BRIDGE WINDOW · FWD": "BRYGGFÖNSTER · FRAM",
+  "COURSE HOLD · AIS": "KURS ÖVER GRUND · AIS",
+  "HEADING HOLD · AIS": "STYRD KURS · AIS",
+  "NO HEADING · AIS": "INGEN KURS · AIS",
+  "SPEED OVER GROUND · KTS": "FART ÖVER GRUND · KNOP",
+  "BRIDGE VIEW": "BRYGGVY",
+  "Look ahead: turn the bridge view back to the bow": "Titta framåt: vrid bryggvyn tillbaka mot fören",
+  "Look ahead (Home or 0)": "Titta framåt (Home eller 0)",
+  "LOOK AHEAD": "TITTA FRAMÅT",
+  "Current vessel heading": "Fartygets aktuella kurs",
+  "SPEED OVER GROUND": "FART ÖVER GRUND",
+  "COURSE OVER GROUND": "KURS ÖVER GRUND",
+  "ARROWS LOOK": "PILAR TITTAR",
+  "HOME RESET": "HOME ÅTERSTÄLLER",
+  "+/− ZOOM": "+/− ZOOMAR",
+  "ARROWS TILT": "PILAR LUTAR",
+  "HOME NADIR": "HOME NADIR",
+  "ZOOM {zoom}×": "ZOOM {zoom}×",
+  "SENSOR SWATH ≈ {value} KM": "SENSORSTRÅK ≈ {value} KM",
+  "SENSOR SWATH {value} KM": "SENSORSTRÅK {value} KM",
+  "SWATH ≈ {value} KM": "STRÅK ≈ {value} KM",
+  "SWATH {value} KM": "STRÅK {value} KM",
+  "{division}, {country}": "{division}, {country}",
+  "{region} · near {place}": "{region} · nära {place}",
+  "NORAD {id}": "NORAD {id}",
+  "EPOCH {time}": "EPOK {time}",
+  "<1 H OLD": "<1 H GAMMAL",
+  "{value} H OLD": "{value} H GAMMAL",
+  "{value} D OLD": "{value} D GAMMAL",
+  "FOCUS · {name}": "FOKUS · {name}",
+  "Orbital view": "Omloppsvy",
+  "CURRENTLY OVER": "JUST NU ÖVER",
+  "ORBITAL VIEW · OFF-NADIR": "OMLOPPSVY · OFF-NADIR",
+  "ORBITAL VIEW · NADIR": "OMLOPPSVY · NADIR",
+  "Hide the two-line element set": "Dölj banelementen (TLE)",
+  "Show the two-line element set": "Visa banelementen (TLE)",
+  "TLE": "TLE",
+  "Two-line element set": "Banelement (TLE)",
+  "ORBITAL VELOCITY": "BANHASTIGHET",
+  "SUB-SATELLITE POINT": "PUNKT UNDER SATELLITEN",
+  "TRACK UP": "BANAN UPPÅT",
+  "NORTH UP": "NORR UPPÅT",
+  "Return the view to nadir": "Rikta vyn mot nadir igen",
+  "Return to nadir (Home or 0)": "Tillbaka till nadir (Home eller 0)",
+  "NADIR": "NADIR",
+  "Zoom out (−)": "Zooma ut (−)",
+  "Zoom in (+)": "Zooma in (+)",
+  "Zoom to the imaging sensor swath": "Zooma till sensorns avbildningsstråk",
+  "SENSOR": "SENSOR",
+  "RINGS {spacing} NM": "RINGAR {spacing} NM",
+  "{count} CONTACTS": {
+    "one": "{count} KONTAKT",
+    "other": "{count} KONTAKTER"
+  },
+  "Radar range {range}. Select for the next range.": "Radarräckvidd {range}. Välj för nästa räckvidd.",
+  "Bridge radar": "Bryggradar",
+  "Reported voyage": "Angiven resa",
+  "REPORTED VOYAGE": "ANGIVEN RESA",
+  "1 min/s": "1 min/s",
+  "1 h/s": "1 h/s",
+  "1 d/s": "1 d/s",
+  "1 wk/s": "1 v/s",
+  "World time": "Världstid",
+  "Play speed": "Uppspelningshastighet",
+  "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "Scrolla eller nyp för att zooma, dra för att flytta · dubbelklicka för att se allt",
+  "Live": "Live",
+  "Back to live": "Tillbaka till live"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
index d0339d809..4f09c40e8 100644
--- a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
+++ b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
@@ -1185,7 +1185,21 @@
     "Salish Sea",
     "Acartia",
     "CC BY 4.0",
-    "iNaturalist"
+    "iNaturalist",
+    "STARLINK",
+    "STARLINK ···",
+    "STARLINK ✕",
+    "{range} NM",
+    "OFF-NADIR {angle}°",
+    "OFF-NADIR {angle}° · {offset}",
+    "HOME NADIR",
+    "ZOOM {zoom}×",
+    "NORAD {id}",
+    "TLE",
+    "NADIR",
+    "SENSOR",
+    "1 min/s",
+    "Live"
   ],
   "uk": [
     "AIS: --",

From 315627534af920eb40546c1fc5a282b6988afe1c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kaj Obst <217931875+Kajjan7610@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 13:36:47 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 076/181] i18n(sv): ORBIT as OMLOPP, which also fits the
 satellite orbit entry

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 src/i18n/locales/sv.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/sv.json b/src/i18n/locales/sv.json
index 32eb4f99a..35b89bdcd 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/sv.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/sv.json
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@
   "📍 Location: --": "📍 Plats: --",
   "Landmark: --": "Landmärke: --",
   "Searched location": "Sökt plats",
-  "ORBIT": "KRETSAR",
+  "ORBIT": "OMLOPP",
   "Location not found": "Platsen hittades inte",
   "Search failed": "Sökningen misslyckades",
   "Fly to a POI first": "Flyg till en intressepunkt först",

From fc6944951b4bb53d64965a0d1930779b4e57e45b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: quanticsoul4772 <71096528+quanticsoul4772@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 05:35:23 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 077/181] refactor(fires): read both age formatters' unit from
 one helper

formatAge and formatAgeLabel repeated the validity guard, the <1h case,
the rounding and the 48-hour switch, which is why the rounding fix had to
land twice. Both now read { unit, count } from a private ageParts, so
they cannot pick different units again. Output is unchanged.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 src/layers/firms/model.js       | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++------------
 src/layers/firms/model.test.mjs | 19 +++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/layers/firms/model.js b/src/layers/firms/model.js
index 4f12593f2..00873c2b2 100644
--- a/src/layers/firms/model.js
+++ b/src/layers/firms/model.js
@@ -535,15 +535,26 @@ export function createModel({
     return `${isolate(latPart)} ${isolate(lonPart)}`;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Millisecond delta → `{ unit: '<1h' | 'h' | 'd', count }`, or null for
+   * invalid input. Both age formatters read it, so they pick the same unit.
+   */
+
+  function ageParts(deltaMs) {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(deltaMs) || deltaMs < 0) return null;
+    const hours = deltaMs / 3600000;
+    if (hours < 1) return { unit: '<1h', count: 0 };
+    const wholeHours = Math.round(hours);
+    if (wholeHours < 48) return { unit: 'h', count: wholeHours };
+    return { unit: 'd', count: Math.round(hours / 24) };
+  }
+
   /** Millisecond delta → "<1h" / "Xh" / "Xd", or '' for invalid input. */
 
   function formatAge(deltaMs) {
-    if (!Number.isFinite(deltaMs) || deltaMs < 0) return '';
-    const hours = deltaMs / 3600000;
-    if (hours < 1) return '<1h';
-    const wholeHours = Math.round(hours);
-    if (wholeHours < 48) return `${wholeHours}h`;
-    return `${Math.round(hours / 24)}d`;
+    const age = ageParts(deltaMs);
+    if (!age) return '';
+    return age.unit === '<1h' ? '<1h' : `${age.count}${age.unit}`;
   }
 
   /** Millisecond delta → "<1m ago" / "Xm ago" / "Xh ago" (fresh-feed readout). */
@@ -574,13 +585,12 @@ export function createModel({
   /** formatAge for a card: "<1h", "24h", "3d" in the UI language ("24 ч"). */
 
   function formatAgeLabel(deltaMs) {
-    if (!Number.isFinite(deltaMs) || deltaMs < 0) return '';
-    const hours = deltaMs / 3600000;
-    if (hours < 1) return t('<1h', { context: 'age' });
-    const wholeHours = Math.round(hours);
-    if (wholeHours < 48)
-      return t('{count}h', { context: 'age', count: wholeHours });
-    return t('{count}d', { context: 'age', count: Math.round(hours / 24) });
+    const age = ageParts(deltaMs);
+    if (!age) return '';
+    if (age.unit === '<1h') return t('<1h', { context: 'age' });
+    return age.unit === 'h'
+      ? t('{count}h', { context: 'age', count: age.count })
+      : t('{count}d', { context: 'age', count: age.count });
   }
 
   /** Normalized 0..1 confidence → low/nominal/high display bucket. */
diff --git a/src/layers/firms/model.test.mjs b/src/layers/firms/model.test.mjs
index a0df2eb2c..2c42227f8 100644
--- a/src/layers/firms/model.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/firms/model.test.mjs
@@ -24,3 +24,22 @@ test('a fire age that rounds to 48 hours reads in days, as 48 hours does', () =>
     setLocale(previousLocale);
   }
 });
+
+test('both fire age formatters agree on invalid, sub-hour and multi-day ages', () => {
+  const previousLocale = getLocale();
+  const { formatAge, formatAgeLabel } = createModel({
+    services: { anchors: {} },
+  });
+  try {
+    setLocale('en');
+    for (const format of [formatAge, formatAgeLabel]) {
+      assert.equal(format(-1), '');
+      assert.equal(format(Number.NaN), '');
+      assert.equal(format(0.5 * HOUR_MS), '<1h');
+      assert.equal(format(1 * HOUR_MS), '1h');
+      assert.equal(format(72 * HOUR_MS), '3d');
+    }
+  } finally {
+    setLocale(previousLocale);
+  }
+});

From 4da477a654e64333930bb74d2cf5b047d7c464f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 07:16:14 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 078/181] feat(draw): hand one drawn area or line back to the
 application

createApplicationTools returns drawShape({ shape, signal }): it opens Draw
for one area or line and resolves with its Polygon or LineString without
placing a mark, or null when draw mode is left, the signal aborts, a newer
request replaces it, the pointer is held elsewhere or the tool goes. The
shape controls cannot change the asked-for shape, and a shape across the
antimeridian is refused as a row's actions refuse it and drawn again. It
also returns pointerFree, so an application's own click handlers yield to a
tool holding the pointer, as the layers' do.
---
 CHANGELOG.md                               |   5 +
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                      |   1 +
 src/annotations/drawTool.js                |  66 ++++++++-
 src/annotations/drawToolBehaviour.test.mjs | 152 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/app/tools.js                           |  15 +-
 5 files changed, 237 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 356289841..89ae0e1e5 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+- Applications can ask Draw for one area or line and get its geometry back
+  without placing a mark (`drawShape` from `createApplicationTools`), and their
+  own click handlers can yield while a tool holds the pointer, as the layers'
+  do (`pointerFree`) (samehkhamis).
+
 ## [0.3.0] — 2026-10-27 — Street Level, On Your Phone, in Your Language
 
 - Show a Street Level view facing 359.5° or more as 0°. The viewer caption
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 08dc69d1f..b70dc1d92 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -6311,6 +6311,7 @@ request viewbox and continues searching without that geographic preference.
 - UTILITIES ▸ **Draw** turns the globe into a whiteboard drawn by hand. Pick a shape (icon buttons for Area, Line and Pin) and a colour swatch for the next shape, click the vertices on the real world, and finish. **Keyboard contract, live only while Draw is on and never while you are typing in another field:** Enter finishes the shape (as does a double-click, and the two cannot both submit it — the session is replaced before the annotate call is awaited); Backspace removes the last vertex; Esc cancels the shape in progress, and a second Esc — Esc on an empty session — leaves draw mode. **Clear** wipes the board (the shape in progress and every placed mark), so removing marks does not require the console or the microphone.
 - **Drawn shapes are listed under Draw like Import's files** (`src/ui/views/panels/DrawMarkList.vue`, rows worded by `presentDrawMarks` in `src/annotations/drawMarks.js`): one row per hand-drawn mark (`manual: true`; voice marks are not listed) with its colour swatch, its name, and show/hide, fly-to and remove. The draw tool publishes the rows with the rest of its controls and answers the row actions (`renameDrawMark`, `recolorDrawMark`, `toggleDrawMark`, `flyToDrawMark`, `removeDrawMark`) through the display store; it republishes on the engine's `onChange`, so a voice clear or an expiry updates the list. Rows are keyed and updated in place: a board change never takes a name being typed (the field keeps its draft while focused) or the button under a click. The name is saved on Enter or on leaving the field, once; Esc restores it, before anything else and with the row's colours open too. Both keep focus in the field, so neither drops it to the page or leaves Draw. The swatch opens the five colours right after it (shown at the end of the row), with the current colour focused; the arrows, Home and End try another, and a click or Esc closes them and returns focus to the swatch. Both colour groups (the next shape's and a row's) are one `DrawSwatches` radio group with a single tab stop, coloured from `DRAW_COLOR_CSS`; on touch screens each dot answers a 24 px target. An unnamed shape shows its kind, and an unnamed line its length; a renamed line keeps its length (`Ridge walk — 950 m`). **Hidden** keeps a mark on the board at alpha 0, and the world renderer takes every one of its entities out (`show = false`), so no material that keeps its own colour (the line's flowing stroke) still paints it; the screen renderer does not project a hidden callout, so it cannot push a visible label aside; `fly_route` skips a hidden route; and with every mark hidden the annotations render hold is released. **Fly to** is an immediate navigation (`runImmediateNavigation('drawing', …)`), like Import's: Cockpit refuses it and a running orbit, follow or track lets go first. A line is framed by its whole path, across the antimeridian too.
 - Runtime entry: `createApplicationTools` (`src/app/tools.js`, behind the `src/standalone/tools.js` shim) calls `initDrawTool({ viewer, annotations, navigation, publish, connect, markActions })` after `initAnnotations` and defers its `destroy()`, so disposing the shell returns every DOM listener, the Cesium handler, the preview data source, the borrowed click actions and the `window.__gevDrawTool` handle. Its controls are Vue views in the UTILITIES panel (`DrawControls.vue`, `DrawMarkList.vue`) that render what the tool publishes to the display store and call its actions. That handle (`setActive`, `setShape`, `addVertex(lon, lat)`, `finish`, `cancel`, `clearAll`, `marks`, `setColor`, `diagnostics`) is the no-mouse test seam.
+- **One shape, handed back.** `createApplicationTools` also returns `drawShape({ shape, signal })` (`drawTool.drawShape`): it opens draw mode for one `area` or `line` and resolves with its geometry, a closed `[lon, lat]` `Polygon` or a `LineString`, without placing a mark; the shape chosen before comes back and draw mode ends. While it is open the controls cannot change the shape, and one across the antimeridian is refused as a row's actions refuse it ("That shape could not be placed.") and drawn again. It resolves `null` when the drawing is cancelled (the second Escape), draw mode is left, `signal` aborts, another request replaces it, the pointer is held elsewhere, the tool is destroyed, or the page has no Draw controls. It returns `pointerFree` (`data/inputOwnership.js` `isPointerFree`) too, so an application's own click handlers yield to the tool holding the pointer, as the layers' do.
 - **Row actions are an application's own.** `createApplicationTools({ drawMarkActions })` hands `initDrawTool` buttons for drawn areas' and lines' rows; the standalone shell passes none, so the open-source build shows no new button and makes no new request. Each action (`drawMarkActions` in `src/annotations/drawMarks.js`) is `{ id, icon, label(name), shapes: ['area', 'line'], accepts?(geometry, shape), run({ id, shape, name, title, geometry }) }`: the icon a Material Symbols name, the label worded by the application, `name` the person's own and `title` the row's (the name, else `Area` or `Line · 950 m`), the geometry `drawMarkGeometry`'s `[lon, lat]` `Polygon` (closed; a `MultiPolygon` for an area handle with several parts) or `LineString`, longitudes wrapped into [-180, 180]. A pin, and a shape that crosses the antimeridian or has a part that cannot be given whole, has no geometry and is offered nothing. Malformed actions and repeated ids are dropped once, at construction. What `run` returns or resolves to is a note under the row (`role=status`; past 200 characters it is cut at a word with an ellipsis); the row is busy (`aria-disabled`, no second press) until it settles, a rejection or a throw clears the note and is logged (so an action words its own refusals and resolves with them), and a shape's note goes with the shape, so a late answer never lands on a removed one.
 - Contract: a finished shape is submitted through the SAME `annotationEngine.annotate()` the voice agent uses, with geometry supplied and `manual: true` (`type: area` + `ring`, `type: route` + `path`, `type: pin` + coordinates). `resolveSpec` short-circuits manual specs (`resolveManualSpec`) so no geocoder, Places or Overpass call is made. A drawn area is a real (not synthesized) outline and drapes solid; a drawn line is a `route` with `mode: 'manual'`, labelled with its length and never a travel time; a pin is a point. Drawn marks therefore render with the whiteboard look, persist, appear in `.list()`, and clear with `clear_annotations` / `.clear()`. A drawn shape is never merged with another as a duplicate: every one is drawn on purpose, and every one is unnamed until its row names it, so two pins dropped close together are two pins.
 - **A vertex is a lon/lat, and the mark is DRAPED.** Clicks are picked through `pickWorldFromScreen` — one of two scene helpers the annotation resolver factory (`src/annotations/resolver.js`) exposes alongside `sampleGroundHeight`, so the app has ONE depth-aware pick cascade rather than a second written beside it — which returns the height the pick landed on as well as the coordinate, so the live preview hangs on the roof or hillside under the pointer instead of sinking to sea level. The world renderer draws areas and routes with `clampToGround`, so the height is dropped at finish in one place (`finishSpec`) rather than being carried downstream and discarded silently: what you get is the outline you drew, lying on the surface beneath it.
diff --git a/src/annotations/drawTool.js b/src/annotations/drawTool.js
index f44d30753..14a5929eb 100644
--- a/src/annotations/drawTool.js
+++ b/src/annotations/drawTool.js
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ import {
   DRAW_COLORS,
   DRAW_COLOR_CSS,
   drawMarkActions,
+  drawMarkGeometry,
   drawMarkActionsFor,
   drawMarkFallbackName,
   presentDrawMarks,
@@ -120,6 +121,9 @@ export function initDrawTool({
   let savedDoubleClick = null;
   let savedSingleClick = null;
   let cursor = null; // last mouse position on the canvas, for the rubber band
+  // One shape asked for by `drawShape`: `{ resolve, restoreShape, off }`. Its
+  // finish hands the geometry back instead of placing a mark.
+  let request = null;
   // Bumped by anything that supersedes an in-flight finish: cancelling, clearing
   // the board, leaving draw mode, teardown. An `annotate()` that resolves after
   // one of those must not write its outcome over the newer state.
@@ -280,6 +284,20 @@ export function initDrawTool({
     // Named afterwards, in the shape's row.
     const spec = finishSpec(session, { label: '', color });
     if (!spec) return null;
+    if (request) {
+      // As a row's actions get it: a shape across the antimeridian has none,
+      // and is drawn again rather than handed back wrapped round the world.
+      const geometry = drawMarkGeometry(spec);
+      if (!geometry) {
+        session = createDrawSession(shape);
+        cursor = null;
+        syncPreview();
+        setHint(() => t('That shape could not be placed.'));
+        return null;
+      }
+      endRequest(geometry);
+      return geometry;
+    }
     // Start a fresh session BEFORE awaiting, so a second Enter or the second
     // half of a double-click cannot submit the same shape twice.
     session = createDrawSession(shape);
@@ -407,6 +425,7 @@ export function initDrawTool({
       generation += 1;
       session = null;
       cursor = null;
+      endRequest(null);
       releaseSceneHandler();
       releasePointer(lease);
       lease = null;
@@ -532,6 +551,46 @@ export function initDrawTool({
     return true;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Close the asked-for shape with `geometry` (null when there is none): the
+   * shape chosen before it comes back, and draw mode ends.
+   */
+  function endRequest(geometry) {
+    const open = request;
+    if (!open) return;
+    request = null;
+    open.off();
+    chooseShape(open.restoreShape);
+    open.resolve(geometry);
+    if (active) setActive(false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Draw one area or line and hand back its geometry (a Polygon or a
+   * LineString) without placing a mark. Escape works as in Draw: the first
+   * clears a shape in progress, and one on an empty shape leaves. Resolves null
+   * when draw mode is left, `signal` aborts, or the pointer is taken.
+   * A second request ends the first with null.
+   * @param {{shape?: 'area'|'line', signal?: AbortSignal}} [options]
+   * @returns {Promise<{type: 'Polygon', coordinates: number[][][]}|{type: 'LineString', coordinates: number[][]}|null>}
+   */
+  function drawShape({ shape: wanted = 'area', signal } = {}) {
+    if (destroyed || signal?.aborted) return Promise.resolve(null);
+    endRequest(null);
+    const restoreShape = shape;
+    return new Promise((resolve) => {
+      const abort = () => endRequest(null);
+      signal?.addEventListener('abort', abort, { once: true });
+      request = {
+        resolve,
+        restoreShape,
+        off: () => signal?.removeEventListener('abort', abort),
+      };
+      chooseShape(normalizeShape(wanted) === 'line' ? 'line' : 'area');
+      if (!active && !setActive(true)) endRequest(null);
+    });
+  }
+
   /** Draw `next` from now on; an open shape starts over in it. */
   function chooseShape(next) {
     shape = normalizeShape(next);
@@ -545,7 +604,10 @@ export function initDrawTool({
   }
   const disconnect = connect({
     toggleDraw: () => setActive(!active),
-    setDrawShape: chooseShape,
+    // An asked-for shape is the one asked for.
+    setDrawShape: (next) => {
+      if (!request) chooseShape(next);
+    },
     setDrawColor: (value) => {
       color = DRAW_COLORS.includes(value) ? value : 'primary';
       present();
@@ -602,6 +664,7 @@ export function initDrawTool({
     finish,
     cancel,
     clearAll,
+    drawShape,
     shapes: DRAW_SHAPES,
     /** What this tool currently holds — for teardown and leak assertions. */
     diagnostics() {
@@ -638,6 +701,7 @@ export function initDrawTool({
       if (destroyed) return attaching;
       // Supersede any finish still in flight before anything is torn down.
       generation += 1;
+      endRequest(null);
       if (active) setActive(false);
       destroyed = true;
       offLocale();
diff --git a/src/annotations/drawToolBehaviour.test.mjs b/src/annotations/drawToolBehaviour.test.mjs
index 4cef4d4fe..276852248 100644
--- a/src/annotations/drawToolBehaviour.test.mjs
+++ b/src/annotations/drawToolBehaviour.test.mjs
@@ -704,6 +704,158 @@ test('what a row action answers is its row\'s note; the row is busy until then,
   }
 });
 
+test('drawShape hands back the drawn area as a polygon and places no mark', async () => {
+  const h = harness();
+  try {
+    h.act('setDrawShape', 'line');
+    const drawn = h.tool.drawShape({ shape: 'area' });
+    assert.equal(h.tool.active, true, 'it opens draw mode');
+    assert.equal(h.tool.shape, 'area');
+    h.tool.addVertex(-97.75, 30.26);
+    h.tool.addVertex(-97.74, 30.26);
+    h.tool.addVertex(-97.74, 30.27);
+    h.documentDouble.emit('keydown', {
+      key: 'Enter',
+      target: h.documentDouble.body,
+    });
+    const geometry = await drawn;
+    assert.deepEqual(geometry, {
+      type: 'Polygon',
+      coordinates: [
+        [
+          [-97.75, 30.26],
+          [-97.74, 30.26],
+          [-97.74, 30.27],
+          [-97.75, 30.26],
+        ],
+      ],
+    });
+    assert.equal(h.annotations.calls.annotate.length, 0, 'no mark is placed');
+    assert.equal(h.tool.active, false, 'draw mode ends');
+    assert.equal(isPointerFree(), true);
+    assert.equal(h.tool.shape, 'line', 'the shape chosen before comes back');
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('drawShape hands back a line as a LineString', async () => {
+  const h = harness();
+  try {
+    const drawn = h.tool.drawShape({ shape: 'line' });
+    h.tool.addVertex(-97.75, 30.26);
+    h.tool.addVertex(-97.74, 30.26);
+    h.documentDouble.emit('keydown', {
+      key: 'Enter',
+      target: h.documentDouble.body,
+    });
+    assert.deepEqual(await drawn, {
+      type: 'LineString',
+      coordinates: [
+        [-97.75, 30.26],
+        [-97.74, 30.26],
+      ],
+    });
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('drawShape resolves null on Escape, on abort, on a newer request and when the pointer is taken', async () => {
+  const h = harness();
+  try {
+    // Escape with a shape started clears it; a second Escape leaves.
+    const escaped = h.tool.drawShape({ shape: 'area' });
+    h.tool.addVertex(-97.75, 30.26);
+    h.documentDouble.emit('keydown', {
+      key: 'Escape',
+      target: h.documentDouble.body,
+    });
+    assert.equal(h.tool.active, true, 'the first Escape only clears the shape');
+    h.documentDouble.emit('keydown', {
+      key: 'Escape',
+      target: h.documentDouble.body,
+    });
+    assert.equal(await escaped, null);
+    assert.equal(h.tool.active, false);
+
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    const aborted = h.tool.drawShape({
+      shape: 'area',
+      signal: controller.signal,
+    });
+    controller.abort();
+    assert.equal(await aborted, null);
+    assert.equal(isPointerFree(), true, 'an abort gives the pointer back');
+
+    const first = h.tool.drawShape({ shape: 'area' });
+    const second = h.tool.drawShape({ shape: 'line' });
+    assert.equal(await first, null, 'a newer request ends the older one');
+    h.act('toggleDraw');
+    assert.equal(await second, null, 'leaving draw mode ends it');
+
+    const done = new AbortController();
+    done.abort();
+    assert.equal(await h.tool.drawShape({ signal: done.signal }), null);
+
+    const other = claimPointer('directions');
+    assert.equal(
+      await h.tool.drawShape({ shape: 'area' }),
+      null,
+      'a held pointer refuses it',
+    );
+    releasePointer(other);
+
+    // Drawing by hand afterwards places marks as before.
+    h.act('toggleDraw');
+    h.tool.addVertex(-97.75, 30.26);
+    h.tool.addVertex(-97.74, 30.26);
+    h.tool.addVertex(-97.74, 30.27);
+    h.documentDouble.emit('keydown', {
+      key: 'Enter',
+      target: h.documentDouble.body,
+    });
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    assert.equal(h.annotations.calls.annotate.length, 1);
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('drawShape keeps its shape, and a shape across the antimeridian is drawn again', async () => {
+  const h = harness();
+  try {
+    const drawn = h.tool.drawShape({ shape: 'line' });
+    h.act('setDrawShape', 'pin');
+    assert.equal(h.tool.shape, 'line', 'the controls cannot change the asked-for shape');
+    h.tool.addVertex(179.5, 10);
+    h.tool.addVertex(-179.5, 10);
+    h.documentDouble.emit('keydown', { key: 'Enter', target: h.documentDouble.body });
+    assert.equal(h.tool.active, true, 'still drawing');
+    assert.equal(h.tool.session.vertices.length, 0, 'drawn again from the start');
+    assert.equal(h.shown.view.hint, 'That shape could not be placed.');
+    h.tool.addVertex(29, 41);
+    h.tool.addVertex(29.1, 41);
+    h.documentDouble.emit('keydown', { key: 'Enter', target: h.documentDouble.body });
+    assert.equal((await drawn).type, 'LineString');
+    h.act('setDrawShape', 'pin');
+    assert.equal(h.tool.shape, 'pin', 'after it, the controls choose again');
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('destroy ends a drawShape request with null', async () => {
+  const h = harness();
+  try {
+    const drawn = h.tool.drawShape({ shape: 'area' });
+    h.tool.destroy();
+    assert.equal(await drawn, null);
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
 test('Backspace on the page removes the last vertex', () => {
   const h = harness();
   try {
diff --git a/src/app/tools.js b/src/app/tools.js
index 8925151ad..9ecb3559a 100644
--- a/src/app/tools.js
+++ b/src/app/tools.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { SceneDirector } from '../scenes/director.js';
 import { initAnnotations } from '../annotations/index.js';
 import { initDrawTool } from '../annotations/drawTool.js';
+import { isPointerFree } from '../data/inputOwnership.js';
 import { initGeoFileImport } from '../ui/geoFileImport.js';
 import { useDisplayStore } from '../ui/stores/display.js';
 import { applicationPinia } from '../ui/vueRuntime.js';
@@ -245,5 +246,17 @@ export function createApplicationTools({
       signal,
     }),
   );
-  return { sceneDirector, annotations, voiceCommands };
+  // Draw one area or line and get its geometry back, without placing a mark
+  // (annotations/drawTool.js `drawShape`); null without the Draw controls.
+  const drawShape = (options) =>
+    drawTool ? drawTool.drawShape(options) : Promise.resolve(null);
+  // An application's own click handlers yield while a tool holds the pointer,
+  // as the layers' do (data/inputOwnership.js).
+  return {
+    sceneDirector,
+    annotations,
+    voiceCommands,
+    drawShape,
+    pointerFree: isPointerFree,
+  };
 }

From 0600d8658401bbafdd945344da18e3debbf4e460 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 07:16:52 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 079/181] docs(changelog): Draw hands one shape back (#1641)

---
 CHANGELOG.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 89ae0e1e5..7c425d0b6 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 - Applications can ask Draw for one area or line and get its geometry back
   without placing a mark (`drawShape` from `createApplicationTools`), and their
   own click handlers can yield while a tool holds the pointer, as the layers'
-  do (`pointerFree`) (samehkhamis).
+  do (`pointerFree`) (samehkhamis, #1641).
 
 ## [0.3.0] — 2026-10-27 — Street Level, On Your Phone, in Your Language
 

From b04fcf191cbaf781cde1db1ff08072dd819f1c5f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 21:38:07 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 080/181] docs(firms): count two VIIRS sources in the layer
 table and test note

---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md              | 2 +-
 src/data/firmsInteraction.test.mjs | 7 ++++---
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 102efb997..6346c1db6 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -4152,7 +4152,7 @@ its criteria cannot be silently ignored.
 | Datacenters ▣          | OSM extract (bundled)                                                                                                                                                                           | `src/data/infrastructure.js`                          | —                                                        | static                                                                            |
 | Dams ▰                 | OpenInfraMap/OSM extract (bundled)                                                                                                                                                              | `src/data/infrastructure.js`                          | —                                                        | static                                                                            |
 | Submarine Cables ◠     | TeleGeography public map (bundled)                                                                                                                                                              | `src/data/telegeographySubmarineCables.js`            | —                                                        | static                                                                            |
-| FIRMS Active Fires ▲   | NASA FIRMS live (VIIRS ×3 NRT + MODIS NRT, trailing 24h)                                                                                                                                        | `src/data/firmsHeatmap.js`                            | `/api/firms` (`FIRMS_MAP_KEY`)                           | 10 min (proxy TTL 30 min)                                                         |
+| FIRMS Active Fires ▲   | NASA FIRMS live (VIIRS ×2 NRT + MODIS NRT, trailing 24h)                                                                                                                                        | `src/data/firmsHeatmap.js`                            | `/api/firms` (`FIRMS_MAP_KEY`)                           | 10 min (proxy TTL 30 min)                                                         |
 | Street Level 📷 | Mapillary street-level imagery (vector tiles, Graph API, MapillaryJS) | `src/layers/streetLevel/` via `src/app/layers/streetLevel.js` | `/api/mapillary/status`, `/api/mapillary/tiles/coverage/{z}/{x}/{y}` (`MAPILLARY_CLIENT_TOKEN`) | camera-driven (320 ms debounce, ≤9 tiles, server memory cache 24 h) |
 | Wind 🌬                 | NOAA GFS 10 m wind (keyless, 0.25°→1° grid; animated particles)                                                                                                                                 | `src/data/wind.js`                                    | `/api/wind`                                              | 1 h (forecast cycle)                                                              |
 | GNSS Integrity 📡 (`gnss-integrity`) | adsb.lol point snapshot, low navigation accuracy binned per 0.5° cell (GEV NIC/NACp threshold + gpsjam.org formula and bands, keyless, ODbL) | `src/layers/gnss/` via `src/app/layers/gnss.js` | `/api/gnss-integrity` | camera-driven (600 ms debounce, minimum 2.5 s between reads) + 60s poll (server cache 60 s; 30 min rolling window) |
diff --git a/src/data/firmsInteraction.test.mjs b/src/data/firmsInteraction.test.mjs
index d735df3f8..9931c8b32 100644
--- a/src/data/firmsInteraction.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/firmsInteraction.test.mjs
@@ -119,9 +119,10 @@ test('fire detection key survives a refetch that renumbers the index', () => {
 });
 
 test('two satellites over the same pixel at the same time stay distinct', () => {
-  // The proxy merges SNPP + NOAA-20 + NOAA-21 without dedup and their orbits
-  // overlap, so position and time alone are NOT unique. Collapsing them let a
-  // restored selection land on the other satellite's record.
+  // The proxy merges NOAA-20 + NOAA-21 without dedup and their orbits overlap,
+  // so position and time alone are NOT unique. Collapsing them let a restored
+  // selection land on the other satellite's record. Archived Suomi NPP (`N`)
+  // rows must stay distinct too.
   const base = makeFire({ satellite: 'N20' });
   const twin = makeFire({ satellite: 'N21' });
   const suomi = makeFire({ satellite: 'N' });

From fce5ee6381b948db2f263e1090a19b77d74dd164 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 21:44:09 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 081/181] docs(firms): tighten the Suomi NPP notes

---
 DATA_SOURCES.md              | 2 +-
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md        | 4 +---
 server/providers/firms.js    | 7 +++----
 src/data/firmsProxy.test.mjs | 6 +++---
 4 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/DATA_SOURCES.md b/DATA_SOURCES.md
index 8ceb94e84..ba231df31 100644
--- a/DATA_SOURCES.md
+++ b/DATA_SOURCES.md
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ and MODIS NRT (Terra + Aqua), clamped to the trailing 24 h, cached 30 min to res
 transaction quota. Requires a free `FIRMS_MAP_KEY`
 (https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/api/map_key/); the layer is empty without it.
 The former bundled 2026-05-25 snapshot was removed 2026-07-16. Suomi NPP (`VIIRS_SNPP_NRT`)
-is no longer requested: NASA stopped delivering its data on 2026-11-02.
+is not requested: NASA stopped delivering it on 2026-11-02.
 
 ### UCS Satellite Database (`ucs_satellites/`)
 
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 417e81551..05240d922 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -2860,9 +2860,7 @@ reporting are unchanged.
 ## FIRMS source status
 
 The FIRMS proxy requests VIIRS NOAA-20, VIIRS NOAA-21 and MODIS NRT (Terra and
-Aqua). It no longer requests VIIRS Suomi NPP: NASA stopped delivering Suomi NPP
-data on 2026-11-02, and the source returned no rows while still costing one
-MAP_KEY transaction per refresh.
+Aqua). It skips VIIRS Suomi NPP, which NASA stopped delivering on 2026-11-02.
 
 The FIRMS CSV parser rejects impossible acquisition calendar dates before the proxy filters records to the trailing 24 hours, while retaining valid UTC acquisition times.
 The `get_active_fires` tool reports acquisition times as UTC ISO timestamps,
diff --git a/server/providers/firms.js b/server/providers/firms.js
index 51ea4fc56..d21dc296e 100644
--- a/server/providers/firms.js
+++ b/server/providers/firms.js
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ export async function fetchFirms(
  * Upstream: https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/api/area/csv/{KEY}/{SOURCE}/world/2
  *
  * Merges two VIIRS NRT sources (NOAA-20, NOAA-21 — independent satellites, no
- * cross-source dedup) plus MODIS_NRT (combined Terra+Aqua,
- * ~1 km, numeric 0-100 confidence), fetched sequentially (quota courtesy)
+ * cross-source dedup) plus MODIS_NRT (combined Terra+Aqua, ~1 km, numeric
+ * 0-100 confidence), fetched sequentially (quota courtesy)
  * with `days=2` (`days=1` means "current UTC day", nearly empty just after
  * 00:00Z) and clamps to the trailing 24 h via src/data/firmsCsv.js. FIRMS
  * quota is 5,000 transactions / 10 min per MAP_KEY, so the cache is the point:
@@ -141,8 +141,7 @@ export async function fetchFirms(
  * fresh-enough disk cache (.gev-cache/firms.json) prevents ANY upstream
  * fetch across dev-server restarts. Pattern mirrors celestrakProxy.
  *
- * VIIRS_SNPP_NRT is not requested: NASA stopped delivering Suomi NPP data on
- * 2026-11-02, so that source only spent a transaction per refresh (#849).
+ * VIIRS_SNPP_NRT is left out: NASA stopped delivering Suomi NPP on 2026-11-02.
  *
  * Routes:
  *   GET /api/firms        → {fetchedAt, stale, ttlMs, sources, count, fires}
diff --git a/src/data/firmsProxy.test.mjs b/src/data/firmsProxy.test.mjs
index dc9ed8144..71c0af4d6 100644
--- a/src/data/firmsProxy.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/firmsProxy.test.mjs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ assert.notEqual(start, -1, 'FIRMS refresh function exists');
 const end = config.indexOf('\n  }', start);
 assert.notEqual(end, -1, 'FIRMS refresh function closes');
 const refreshSource = config.slice(start, end + 4);
-// Read the source list from production so these tests share one source of truth.
+// Read the list from production so these tests follow it.
 const listed = config.match(/const SOURCES = \[([^\]]*)\];/);
 assert.ok(listed, 'FIRMS source list exists');
 const SOURCES = [...listed[1].matchAll(/'([A-Z0-9_]+)'/g)].map((m) => m[1]);
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ test('every FIRMS upstream request goes through the IPv4 fallback', async () =>
 });
 
 test('FIRMS requests only the satellites NASA still delivers', () => {
-  // NASA stopped delivering Suomi NPP data on 2026-11-02 (#849): requesting it
-  // returns no rows and still spends a MAP_KEY transaction on every refresh.
+  // NASA stopped delivering Suomi NPP on 2026-11-02; asking for it only spends
+  // a MAP_KEY transaction.
   assert.ok(!SOURCES.includes('VIIRS_SNPP_NRT'));
 });

From cdccf88bbba3a3926213d54eb33d1222775e8117 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kaj Obst <217931875+Kajjan7610@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 19:25:24 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 082/181] i18n(sv): address review (export buttons, singular,
 consistent terms)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- EXP. {slot} and EXPORT so the Recent Imagery export buttons fit and A
  and B read apart; EXPORT listed as same-as-English.
- {count} HÖRT / hört for one aircraft; the plural rule in sv.md no
  longer lists HÖRDA.
- INTE FARA ÖVER throughout; VÄ/HÖ for left/right (V is west on the
  compass); STYRD KURS vs KURS Ö. GRUND; MIK in the first-run tip.
- Label-first counts for sightings and standby cameras; neuter audio
  states; OSÄKER on chip and status line; KN for knots; the ellipsis
  character; Ladda ned and VÄNTLÄGE throughout; Olagligt ingripande;
  FÖRHANDSVY for the preview flag and authoring heading.
- sv.json in the format scope; Swedish in language-code order in
  TRANSLATORS.md; glossary row reduced to incident → händelse; 29
  letterless entries dropped from same-as-english.json.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 docs/TRANSLATORS.md           |  4 +--
 docs/translations/sv.md       |  4 +--
 scripts/format-scope.json     |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/sv.json      | 50 +++++++++++++++++------------------
 src/i18n/same-as-english.json | 32 ++--------------------
 5 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/TRANSLATORS.md b/docs/TRANSLATORS.md
index 36c37b62f..db196fb88 100644
--- a/docs/TRANSLATORS.md
+++ b/docs/TRANSLATORS.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Translating God's Eye View
 
-Shipped languages: **English** (source and fallback), **Arabic** (`ar`), **German** (`de`), **Spanish** (`es`), **French** (`fr`), **Italian** (`it`), **Japanese** (`ja`), **Brazilian Portuguese** (`pt`), **Russian** (`ru`), **Ukrainian** (`uk`), **Simplified Chinese** (`zh-CN`), **Traditional Chinese** (`zh-Hant`) and **Swedish** (`sv`).
+Shipped languages: **English** (source and fallback), **Arabic** (`ar`), **German** (`de`), **Spanish** (`es`), **French** (`fr`), **Italian** (`it`), **Japanese** (`ja`), **Brazilian Portuguese** (`pt`), **Russian** (`ru`), **Swedish** (`sv`), **Ukrainian** (`uk`), **Simplified Chinese** (`zh-CN`) and **Traditional Chinese** (`zh-Hant`).
 
 ## How it works
 
@@ -63,4 +63,4 @@ These are contracts, not copy: layer ids and registry keys, status enums and oth
 
 ## Language notes
 
-Each language keeps its glossary, plural forms, units and style in its own file, `docs/translations/<code>.md`: [Arabic](./translations/ar.md), [German](./translations/de.md), [Spanish](./translations/es.md), [French](./translations/fr.md), [Italian](./translations/it.md), [Japanese](./translations/ja.md), [Brazilian Portuguese](./translations/pt.md), [Russian](./translations/ru.md), [Ukrainian](./translations/uk.md), [Simplified Chinese](./translations/zh-CN.md), [Traditional Chinese](./translations/zh-Hant.md), [Swedish](./translations/sv.md). Read it before translating, and add a term there when you settle on one.
+Each language keeps its glossary, plural forms, units and style in its own file, `docs/translations/<code>.md`: [Arabic](./translations/ar.md), [German](./translations/de.md), [Spanish](./translations/es.md), [French](./translations/fr.md), [Italian](./translations/it.md), [Japanese](./translations/ja.md), [Brazilian Portuguese](./translations/pt.md), [Russian](./translations/ru.md), [Swedish](./translations/sv.md), [Ukrainian](./translations/uk.md), [Simplified Chinese](./translations/zh-CN.md), [Traditional Chinese](./translations/zh-Hant.md). Read it before translating, and add a term there when you settle on one.
diff --git a/docs/translations/sv.md b/docs/translations/sv.md
index 13d557e96..12d3a8b80 100644
--- a/docs/translations/sv.md
+++ b/docs/translations/sv.md
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ A `tn()` entry needs two forms. `Intl.PluralRules('sv')` picks:
 | `one`   | 1                           | 1 kamera    |
 | `other` | everything else: 0, 2, 1,5… | 3 kameror   |
 
-Abbreviated units and codes do not change: «{count} MEDD.», «{count} HÖRDA».
+Abbreviated units and codes do not change: «{count} MEDD.».
 
 ## Glossary
 
@@ -81,4 +81,4 @@ Abbreviated units and codes do not change: «{count} MEDD.», «{count} HÖRDA»
 | click / tap / press a key                      | klicka / tryck / tryck på tangenten                             |
 | card / label (on the map) / clear (layers)     | kort / etikett / stäng av                                       |
 | frame (weather, video) / image                 | bildruta / bild                                                 |
-| road condition / incident / roadwork           | väglag / händelse / vägarbete                                   |
+| incident                                       | händelse                                                        |
diff --git a/scripts/format-scope.json b/scripts/format-scope.json
index 2bb7a20ae..ca69f6195 100644
--- a/scripts/format-scope.json
+++ b/scripts/format-scope.json
@@ -1295,6 +1295,7 @@
   "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
   "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
   "src/i18n/locales/ru.json",
+  "src/i18n/locales/sv.json",
   "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
   "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
   "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/sv.json b/src/i18n/locales/sv.json
index 35b89bdcd..081afdf7d 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/sv.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/sv.json
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
   "⚠️ Not renting": "⚠️ Ingen uthyrning",
   "⚠️ Not returning": "⚠️ Ingen återlämning",
   "HDG {value}° (ESTIMATED)": "HDG {value}° (UPPSKATTAD)",
-  "{count} CAMERAS STANDING BY · NO CAMERA SELECTED · CLICK A CAMERA TO ACTIVATE": "{count} KAMEROR I BEREDSKAP · INGEN KAMERA VALD · KLICKA PÅ EN KAMERA FÖR ATT AKTIVERA DEN",
+  "{count} CAMERAS STANDING BY · NO CAMERA SELECTED · CLICK A CAMERA TO ACTIVATE": "KAMEROR I BEREDSKAP: {count} · INGEN KAMERA VALD · KLICKA PÅ EN KAMERA FÖR ATT AKTIVERA DEN",
   "No cameras available in catalog.": "Inga kameror finns i katalogen.",
   "{city} CCTV": "CCTV {city}",
   "FOV {value}°": "FOV {value}°",
@@ -415,8 +415,8 @@
   "{cohort}, Unavailable": "{cohort}, otillgänglig",
   "AHEAD": "RAKT FRAM",
   "{side} {angle}": "{side} {angle}",
-  "L": "V",
-  "R": "H",
+  "L": "VÄ",
+  "R": "HÖ",
   "{count} INPUTS UNKNOWN · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": {
     "one": "{count} KÄLLA OKÄND · INTE FARA ÖVER",
     "other": "{count} KÄLLOR OKÄNDA · INTE FARA ÖVER"
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@
   "Restore real aircraft": "Återställ verkligt flygplan",
   "Reclassify as TR-3B": "Klassa om som TR-3B",
   "TRACK ACQUIRED": "SPÅR LÅST",
-  "{label} · COURSE {heading}°": "{label} · KURS {heading}°",
+  "{label} · COURSE {heading}°": "{label} · KURS Ö. GRUND {heading}°",
   "Context could not restore every layer; try again": "Läget ”Kontext” kunde inte återställa alla lager – försök igen",
   "No selected data layers": "Inga valda datalager",
   "{count} data layers could not be cleared": {
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@
   "{state} · {source} · {ago} · retrying in {seconds}s": "{state} · {source} · {ago} · nytt försök om {seconds} s",
   "{state} · {source} · {ago}": "{state} · {source} · {ago}",
   "{source} · {ago}": "{source} · {ago}",
-  "UNCERTAIN": "OKLART",
+  "UNCERTAIN": "OSÄKER",
   "{name}: {state}": "{name}: {state}",
   "{count}s ago": "{count} s sedan",
   "CONNECTING": "ANSLUTER",
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@
   "Keep location tray open": "Håll platsfältet öppet",
   "Search any location": "Sök valfri plats",
   "Search location by name or coordinates": "Sök plats efter namn eller koordinater",
-  "Search any location...": "Sök valfri plats ...",
+  "Search any location...": "Sök valfri plats …",
   "WEATHER": "VÄDER",
   "CONTEXT": "KONTEXT",
   "Context mode": "Kontextläge",
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@
   "Sharpen intensity": "Skärpestyrka",
   "EXIT CLEAN VIEW": "LÄMNA RENT GRÄNSSNITT",
   "Return UI controls": "Visa gränssnittet igen",
-  "Initializing photorealistic world...": "Initierar fotorealistisk värld ...",
+  "Initializing photorealistic world...": "Initierar fotorealistisk värld …",
   "DATA LAYERS": "DATALAGER",
   "NEAREST": "NÄRMASTE",
   "CCTV camera": "CCTV-kamera",
@@ -859,7 +859,7 @@
   "Begin with a clean globe": "Börja med en tom glob",
   "Don't show this again": "Visa inte igen",
   "ESC to dismiss": "ESC för att stänga",
-  "Tip: the GEV MIC button in the dock lets you talk to the map.": "Tips: med knappen GEV MIC i dockan går det att prata med kartan.",
+  "Tip: the GEV MIC button in the dock lets you talk to the map.": "Tips: med knappen MIK i dockan går det att prata med kartan.",
   "Pick a shape, then click the map.": "Välj en form och klicka sedan på kartan.",
   "Enter to place the pin, Esc to cancel.": "Enter placerar nålen, Esc avbryter.",
   "Click where the pin goes.": "Klicka där nålen ska sitta.",
@@ -892,7 +892,7 @@
   "Business jet": "Affärsjet",
   "Drone": "Drönare",
   "General emergency": "Allmänt nödläge",
-  "Unlawful interference": "Olaglig inblandning",
+  "Unlawful interference": "Olagligt ingripande",
   "Radio failure": "Radiobortfall",
   "Downed aircraft": "Nedstörtat luftfartyg",
   "Minimum fuel": "Minimum fuel (låg bränslemängd)",
@@ -2097,7 +2097,7 @@
   "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · ANLÄGGNINGAR {coverage}",
   "MILITARY FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE": "MILITÄRFLÖDET AV · OFULLSTÄNDIG BILD",
   "FLIGHTS FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE": "FLYGFLÖDET AV · OFULLSTÄNDIG BILD",
-  "NEARBY AIRCRAFT INCOMPLETE · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "FLYGPLAN I NÄRHETEN OFULLSTÄNDIGA · INTE FRITT FRAM",
+  "NEARBY AIRCRAFT INCOMPLETE · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "FLYGPLAN I NÄRHETEN OFULLSTÄNDIGA · INTE FARA ÖVER",
   "SQUAWK {code} · {status}": "SQUAWK {code} · {status}",
   "ADS-B PRIORITY · {status}": "ADS-B-PRIORITET · {status}",
   "ADS-B EMERGENCY · {status}": "ADS-B-NÖDLÄGE · {status}",
@@ -2171,10 +2171,10 @@
   "TUNING": "STÄLLER IN",
   "STREAMING": "STRÖMMAR",
   "UNSUPPORTED": "STÖDS INTE",
-  "idle": "inaktiv",
+  "idle": "inaktivt",
   "running": "körs",
-  "suspended": "pausad",
-  "closed": "stängd",
+  "suspended": "pausat",
+  "closed": "stängt",
   "feed status|live": "live",
   "feed status|stale": "inaktuell",
   "feed status|unreachable": "går inte att nå",
@@ -2193,7 +2193,7 @@
   "audio signal --": "ljudsignal --",
   "audio {state}": "ljud {state}",
   "{count} HEARD": {
-    "one": "{count} HÖRDA",
+    "one": "{count} HÖRT",
     "other": "{count} HÖRDA"
   },
   "DISCONNECT": "KOPPLA FRÅN",
@@ -2292,7 +2292,7 @@
   "Forget the box and its images": "Glöm området och dess bilder",
   "START HERE": "BÖRJA HÄR",
   "Checking": "Kontrollerar",
-  "PREVIEW": "FÖRHANDSVISNING",
+  "PREVIEW": "FÖRHANDSVY",
   "Newest day with imagery for this box": "Senaste dag med bilder för området",
   "SHOW": "VISA",
   "Pin {day} as {slot}": "Fäst {day} som {slot}",
@@ -2311,8 +2311,8 @@
   "Source off": "Källa av",
   "Unpin {slot}": "Lossa {slot}",
   "Unpin the image": "Lossa bilden",
-  "EXPORT {slot}": "EXPORTERA {slot}",
-  "EXPORT": "EXPORTERA",
+  "EXPORT {slot}": "EXP. {slot}",
+  "EXPORT": "EXPORT",
   "Download {slot} as a PNG": "Ladda ned {slot} som PNG",
   "Download the image as a PNG": "Ladda ned bilden som PNG",
   "Box {width} × {height} km": "Område {width} × {height} km",
@@ -2412,7 +2412,7 @@
   },
   "Loading {feeds}": "Laddar {feeds}",
   "{count} heard": {
-    "one": "{count} hörda",
+    "one": "{count} hört",
     "other": "{count} hörda"
   },
   "USB {rate} msg/s": "USB {rate} medd./s",
@@ -2947,11 +2947,11 @@
   "Stop playback (Esc)": "Stoppa uppspelningen (Esc)",
   "Play the shot after the selected one, moving on to the next scene when needed": "Spela upp tagningen efter den valda och gå vidare till nästa scen vid behov",
   "SAVE & SHARE": "SPARA & DELA",
-  "Download every scene as a JSON file you can import later": "Ladda ner alla scener som en JSON-fil som kan importeras senare",
+  "Download every scene as a JSON file you can import later": "Ladda ned alla scener som en JSON-fil som kan importeras senare",
   "Load scenes from an exported JSON file": "Läs in scener från en exporterad JSON-fil",
-  "Download the timing log of the last play": "Ladda ner tidsloggen från senaste uppspelningen",
+  "Download the timing log of the last play": "Ladda ned tidsloggen från senaste uppspelningen",
   "Edit anchors, data packs and shot details": "Redigera ankare, datapaket och tagningsdetaljer",
-  "Download this scene as JSON or an asset bundle": "Ladda ner scenen som JSON eller som resurspaket",
+  "Download this scene as JSON or an asset bundle": "Ladda ned scenen som JSON eller som resurspaket",
   "Left panels": "Vänstra paneler",
   "Right panels": "Högra paneler",
   "CONFIRMED": "BEKRÄFTAD",
@@ -3163,7 +3163,7 @@
   "Photo of {name}": "Foto av {name}",
   "Acartia": "Acartia",
   "CC BY 4.0": "CC BY 4.0",
-  "{count} sightings in view": "{count} observationer i vyn",
+  "{count} sightings in view": "Observationer i vyn: {count}",
   "Close sighting": "Stäng observationen",
   "Wildlife observed within 48 h (whales 7 d). Color and badge glyph show the taxon group. Sensitive species are shown only as 0.2° cells; Salish Sea marine mammal reports via Acartia are rounded to 0.01°. Not a census.": "Vilda djur observerade de senaste 48 h (valar 7 d). Färg och symbol visar artgruppen. Känsliga arter visas bara som rutor på 0,2°; rapporter om marina däggdjur i Salish Sea via Acartia avrundas till 0,01°. Ingen inventering.",
   "Open {name} on iNaturalist": "Öppna {name} på iNaturalist",
@@ -3213,7 +3213,7 @@
   "{range} NM": "{range} NM",
   "AIS DESTINATION · CREW REPORTED": "AIS-DESTINATION · ANGIVEN AV BESÄTTNINGEN",
   "{label} · NADIR VIEW": "{label} · NADIRVY",
-  "SITES STANDBY": "PLATSER I VÄNTELÄGE",
+  "SITES STANDBY": "PLATSER I VÄNTLÄGE",
   "ENABLE MAPPED INSTALLATIONS FOR SITE PINGS": "SLÅ PÅ ”KARTLAGDA ANLÄGGNINGAR” FÖR PLATSPINGAR",
   "Unnamed site": "Namnlös plats",
   "OFF-NADIR {angle}°": "OFF-NADIR {angle}°",
@@ -3231,7 +3231,7 @@
   "{direction} {angle}°": "{direction} {angle}°",
   "OFF-NADIR {angle}° · {offset}": "OFF-NADIR {angle}° · {offset}",
   "BRIDGE": "BRYGGA",
-  "{label} · HEADING {heading}°": "{label} · KURS {heading}°",
+  "{label} · HEADING {heading}°": "{label} · STYRD KURS {heading}°",
   "{label} · NO HEADING": "{label} · INGEN KURS",
   "Place names": "Ortnamn",
   "Ship bridge view": "Fartygets bryggvy",
@@ -3244,7 +3244,7 @@
   "COURSE HOLD · AIS": "KURS ÖVER GRUND · AIS",
   "HEADING HOLD · AIS": "STYRD KURS · AIS",
   "NO HEADING · AIS": "INGEN KURS · AIS",
-  "SPEED OVER GROUND · KTS": "FART ÖVER GRUND · KNOP",
+  "SPEED OVER GROUND · KTS": "FART ÖVER GRUND · KN",
   "BRIDGE VIEW": "BRYGGVY",
   "Look ahead: turn the bridge view back to the bow": "Titta framåt: vrid bryggvyn tillbaka mot fören",
   "Look ahead (Home or 0)": "Titta framåt (Home eller 0)",
diff --git a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
index 4f09c40e8..c96b35a40 100644
--- a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
+++ b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
@@ -1042,7 +1042,6 @@
     "Station",
     "FOV {value}°",
     "▲ {frp} MW",
-    "T−{time} · {mission}",
     "{value} KM",
     "{value} KM/S",
     "STATUS · ",
@@ -1063,7 +1062,6 @@
     "Oldies",
     "Pop",
     "Punk",
-    "R&B",
     "Reggae",
     "Rock",
     "Soul",
@@ -1074,23 +1072,12 @@
     "POS: LIVE",
     "POS: {time}Z",
     "Bloom",
-    "{domain} · {age}",
-    "{cohort} · {contact}",
-    "{side} {angle}",
     "DEST {bearing}",
     "Normal",
     "Anime",
     "Noir",
-    "{aircraftClass} · {distance}",
     "CCTV",
     "Radio",
-    "{state} · {source}",
-    "{state} · {source} · {detail}",
-    "{source} · {loadingLabel}",
-    "{state} · {source} · {detail} · {ago}",
-    "{state} · {source} · {ago}",
-    "{source} · {ago}",
-    "{name}: {state}",
     "DEST ---°",
     "TEMP",
     "RADIO",
@@ -1103,11 +1090,8 @@
     "ANIME",
     "NOIR",
     "view band|GLOBAL",
-    "{distance} · {duration} · {mode}",
-    "S2 · {name}",
     "1090 MHz",
     "978 MHz UAT",
-    "V/S {rate}",
     "POSITION {age}",
     "fire behavior|Minimal",
     "{county} County",
@@ -1118,14 +1102,10 @@
     "Google Street View",
     "GOOGLE STREET VIEW",
     "Hybrid",
-    "{state} · {time} · {lag}",
-    "{state}: {time}",
     "RADAR · {units}",
     "REGION",
     "FILTER",
     "{source} HTTP {status}",
-    "N",
-    "S",
     "WHOT/BHOT",
     "Ironbow",
     "HDG",
@@ -1135,7 +1115,6 @@
     "OK",
     "{value} KM/H",
     "SQUAWK {code} · {status}",
-    "{aircraftClass} · {emergency} · {feedState}",
     "S2 GhostMaps",
     "NASA FIRMS · LIVE",
     "feed status|live",
@@ -1150,18 +1129,12 @@
     "Washington DC",
     "Tallinn",
     "Los Angeles",
-    "{category} ({count})",
-    "A / B",
     "km/h",
-    "m/s",
     "mph",
     "hPa",
     "ft",
     "km",
-    "m",
-    "h",
     "min",
-    "s",
     "dB",
     "STD",
     "Plan",
@@ -1169,7 +1142,6 @@
     "standard",
     "mini",
     "STANDARD",
-    "{items} {scope}",
     "FT",
     "MIL",
     "MM",
@@ -1180,7 +1152,6 @@
     "Sonar",
     "Cyan",
     "≥ {value} MW",
-    "{count} {kind}",
     "Be Whale Wise",
     "Salish Sea",
     "Acartia",
@@ -1199,7 +1170,8 @@
     "NADIR",
     "SENSOR",
     "1 min/s",
-    "Live"
+    "Live",
+    "EXPORT"
   ],
   "uk": [
     "AIS: --",

From 584732c3ecea2e1b4e472e5dbcdae58c229650fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Meir Michanie <meirm@cyborg.fi>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 22:09:09 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 083/181] i18n(he): complete and ship Hebrew

- Add the full catalog (2940 entries keyed by the English text; 75 plural
  entries carry one/two/other per Intl.PluralRules('he')), reviewed for
  meaning, terms, separators and label length.
- Register he: he-IL and he map to it; it joins RTL_LOCALES so <html
  dir=rtl> mirrors the chrome through logical properties and rtl.css.
- rtl.css: Noto Sans Hebrew (loaded with the other Google fonts) leads the
  mono and sans stacks, tracking released like Arabic, HUDs keep JetBrains
  Mono for Latin telemetry.
- same-as-english: instrument codes and HUD readouts stay as printed
  (HDG/BRG/CRS/FOV/CRT/NVG/FLIR/CAL/SRC, MW units, Sentinel-2, km/h...).
- docs/translations/he.md: style, plurals and glossary.
- docs: TRANSLATORS.md and CURRENT-STATE.md updated; normalizeLocale test
  covers he-IL.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md           |   24 +-
 docs/TRANSLATORS.md             |    4 +-
 docs/translations/he.md         |   65 +
 index.html                      |    2 +-
 scripts/package-boundaries.json |   46 +
 src/i18n/i18n.test.mjs          |    3 +
 src/i18n/index.js               |    2 +
 src/i18n/locale.js              |    6 +-
 src/i18n/locales/he.json        | 3242 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/i18n/same-as-english.json   |   89 +
 src/ui/localePicker.test.mjs    |    4 +
 src/ui/styles/rtl.css           |   37 +
 12 files changed, 3509 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/translations/he.md
 create mode 100644 src/i18n/locales/he.json

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 05240d922..8ebabaf61 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -4589,7 +4589,9 @@ test:track` 43 tracking invariants · headless QA harnesses under
 
 ### Interface localization (October 2026)
 
-Shipped locales: **en** (source and fallback), **ar**, **de**, **es**, **fr**, **it**, **ja**, **pt** (Brazilian Portuguese), **ru**, **uk**, **zh-CN** and **zh-Hant**. The code lives in
+Shipped locales: **en** (source and fallback), **ar**, **de**, **es**, **fr**, **he**,
+**it**, **ja**, **pt** (Brazilian Portuguese), **ru**, **uk**, **zh-CN** and
+**zh-Hant**. The code lives in
 `src/i18n/`. How to mark UI text: [`docs/I18N.md`](./I18N.md); translator workflow:
 [`docs/TRANSLATORS.md`](./TRANSLATORS.md).
 
@@ -4603,19 +4605,21 @@ Shipped locales: **en** (source and fallback), **ar**, **de**, **es**, **fr**, *
   `navigator.languages` → English. Any `pt` tag (`pt-BR`, `pt-PT`) selects `pt`. Chinese tags default to `zh-CN`; Traditional Chinese tags
   select `zh-Hant`. Explicit `Hans` selects `zh-CN` regardless of region. `?lang=` is not stored, and share links drop
   it, so a recipient keeps their own language. The globe picker in the
-  bottom-right corner (bottom-left in Arabic) (`src/ui/localePicker.js`) stores the choice, drops
+  bottom-right corner (bottom-left in Arabic and Hebrew)
+(`src/ui/localePicker.js`) stores the choice, drops
   `?lang=` (keeps it only when storage is blocked) and switches in place:
   views re-render, code that published translated text words it again through
   `onLocaleChange`, and `<html lang>`/`dir` and the page's `data-i18n` markup
   follow. Nothing is lost; a toast already on screen keeps its words.
-- **Right to left.** Arabic (`ar`) is in `RTL_LOCALES`, so `<html dir="rtl">`:
-  the title, style indicator, both panel stacks and their icon rails swap
-  sides through logical properties (`inset-inline-*`, `margin-inline-*`), the
-  dock and corner row reverse their order, and `src/ui/styles/rtl.css` holds
-  the rest: no letter-spacing on Arabic text, Noto Sans Arabic in the font
-  stacks, the intel HUD kept as a left-to-right instrument overlay, FM seek
-  and the radio dial kept left to right. Intl formatters get `ar-u-nu-latn`,
-  so numbers and dates keep Western digits.
+- **Right to left.** Arabic (`ar`) and Hebrew (`he`) are in `RTL_LOCALES`, so
+  `<html dir="rtl">`: the title, style indicator, both panel stacks and their
+  icon rails swap sides through logical properties (`inset-inline-*`,
+  `margin-inline-*`), the dock and corner row reverse their order, and
+  `src/ui/styles/rtl.css` holds the rest: no letter-spacing on Arabic and
+  Hebrew text, Noto Sans Arabic and Noto Sans Hebrew in the font stacks, the
+  intel HUD kept as a left-to-right instrument overlay, FM seek and the radio
+  dial kept left to right. Intl formatters get `ar-u-nu-latn`, so numbers and
+  dates keep Western digits.
 - **Gate.** `npm run i18n` (and `src/i18n/catalog.test.mjs` under `npm test`)
   extracts every message and fails on missing, empty, unused,
   placeholder-mismatched, still-English (plural forms included) or
diff --git a/docs/TRANSLATORS.md b/docs/TRANSLATORS.md
index f83316c7a..d08711193 100644
--- a/docs/TRANSLATORS.md
+++ b/docs/TRANSLATORS.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Translating God's Eye View
 
-Shipped languages: **English** (source and fallback), **Arabic** (`ar`), **German** (`de`), **Spanish** (`es`), **French** (`fr`), **Italian** (`it`), **Japanese** (`ja`), **Brazilian Portuguese** (`pt`), **Russian** (`ru`), **Ukrainian** (`uk`), **Simplified Chinese** (`zh-CN`) and **Traditional Chinese** (`zh-Hant`).
+Shipped languages: **English** (source and fallback), **Arabic** (`ar`), **German** (`de`), **Spanish** (`es`), **French** (`fr`), **Hebrew** (`he`), **Italian** (`it`), **Japanese** (`ja`), **Brazilian Portuguese** (`pt`), **Russian** (`ru`), **Ukrainian** (`uk`), **Simplified Chinese** (`zh-CN`) and **Traditional Chinese** (`zh-Hant`).
 
 ## How it works
 
@@ -63,4 +63,4 @@ These are contracts, not copy: layer ids and registry keys, status enums and oth
 
 ## Language notes
 
-Each language keeps its glossary, plural forms, units and style in its own file, `docs/translations/<code>.md`: [Arabic](./translations/ar.md), [German](./translations/de.md), [Spanish](./translations/es.md), [French](./translations/fr.md), [Italian](./translations/it.md), [Japanese](./translations/ja.md), [Brazilian Portuguese](./translations/pt.md), [Russian](./translations/ru.md), [Ukrainian](./translations/uk.md), [Simplified Chinese](./translations/zh-CN.md), [Traditional Chinese](./translations/zh-Hant.md). Read it before translating, and add a term there when you settle on one.
+Each language keeps its glossary, plural forms, units and style in its own file, `docs/translations/<code>.md`: [Arabic](./translations/ar.md), [German](./translations/de.md), [Spanish](./translations/es.md), [French](./translations/fr.md), [Hebrew](./translations/he.md), [Italian](./translations/it.md), [Japanese](./translations/ja.md), [Brazilian Portuguese](./translations/pt.md), [Russian](./translations/ru.md), [Ukrainian](./translations/uk.md), [Simplified Chinese](./translations/zh-CN.md), [Traditional Chinese](./translations/zh-Hant.md). Read it before translating, and add a term there when you settle on one.
diff --git a/docs/translations/he.md b/docs/translations/he.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d531cab5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/translations/he.md
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# Hebrew (`he`)
+
+Catalog: `src/i18n/locales/he.json`. General rules: [TRANSLATORS.md](../TRANSLATORS.md).
+
+## Style
+
+- Address the user with a masculine imperative, Google style: הסתר, הצג, נסה שוב, התקרב. Menu items and tooltips take the noun form: הסרת {name}, הרחבת {name}, שינוי הצבע של {name}.
+- Sentence case: Hebrew has no case forms, so UPPERCASE English is normal sentence style here; short HUD labels stay short, favor an abbreviation over a wrapped line.
+- Keep the `·`, `—`, `→`, `↗`, `…` separators. Latin codes read inside RTL text because the app isolates interpolated values; leave them alone.
+- Units follow the catalog: ק"מ, מ׳, קמ"ש, שנ', דק', שע'; instrument chips keep the Latin unit (MW, KM, FT, KTS, kn) and codes (HDG, FOV, CAL, SRC, REC) exactly as in English — see `same-as-english.json`.
+
+## Digits and direction
+
+- Western digits 0–9 only, like every catalog: "5 מטוסים", "26.08.2026". Dates in scene labels use dd.mm.yyyy.
+- `{direction}` values are adverbs (שמאלה, ימינה, ישר); maneuver templates are written to place them after the verb: פנה {direction} אל {road}.
+- Values inserted by t() are isolated (U+2068…U+2069); do not add manual RTL marks — write the sentence as natural Hebrew and let isolation do the rest.
+
+## Plurals
+
+A `tn()` entry needs three forms under `Intl.PluralRules('he')`:
+
+| Form    | Counts                    | Example        |
+| ------- | ------------------------- | -------------- |
+| `one`   | 1                         | 1 מצלמה        |
+| `two`   | 2                         | 2 מצלמות       |
+| `other` | 0, 3, 10, 100, fractions… | 5 מצלמות       |
+
+With {count} shown as a digit, `two` and `other` share the plural noun (2 מצלמות, 5 מצלמות); `one` takes the singular (1 מצלמה). For constructs that resist agreement with a noun (אין, הכול, זמין), phrase around the number: "{count} תחנות מדווחות" is fine, but prefer "ממתין: {count}" over a mismatched genitive chain.
+
+## Glossary
+
+| English                                        | עברית                                                 |
+| ---------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
+| layer / data layer                             | שכבה / שכבת נתונים                                    |
+| feed                                           | פיד                                                   |
+| source / data source / Provider Settings       | מקור / מקור נתונים / הגדרות הספקים                    |
+| LIVE / live data / LIVE TRACK                  | חי / נתונים חיים / מעקב חי                            |
+| SIMULATED                                      | מדומה                                                 |
+| stale / degraded / unavailable                 | מיושן / מופחת / לא זמין                               |
+| key (API key) / POWER UP                       | מפתח / אתחול                                          |
+| globe / map / map source / basemap             | גלובוס / מפה / מקור מפה / מפת בסיס                    |
+| aircraft / flight / military flight            | מטוס (כלי טיס in class lists) / טיסה / טיסה צבאית     |
+| vessel / ship / ships                          | אונייה / אוניות                                       |
+| satellite                                      | לוויין                                                |
+| launch (rocket) / space mission                | שיגור / משימת חלל                                     |
+| contact / tracking                             | מגע / עקיבה                                           |
+| installation / site                            | מתקן / אתר                                            |
+| camera / CCTV camera / ALPR camera             | מצלמה / מצלמת CCTV / מצלמת ALPR                       |
+| earthquake / active fire / cyclone             | רעידת אדמה / שרפה פעילה / ציקלון                      |
+| scene / shot                                   | סצנה / שוט                                            |
+| briefing / panel / dock                        | דיווח / פאנל / עגינה                                  |
+| visual preset / style                          | ערכת ראייה / סגנון                                   |
+| Scope (circular viewport mask) / keyhole       | סקופ / חור המנעול                                    |
+| heading (compass °) / course                   | כיוון / מסלול                                         |
+| HDG / BRG / CRS / FOV / DEST / SPD / RANGE     | בלי שינוי — קודי מכשיר                               |
+| advisory (NHC/CPHC cyclone)                    | ייעוץ; Advisory center — מרכז הייעוץ                  |
+| Street View (Google)                           | Street View, בלי תרגום                                |
+| Street Level / Street Level layer              | Street Level, בלי תרגום (שם שכבה)                    |
+| WHOT/BHOT, Ironbow, CRT, NVG, FLIR             | בלי שינוי — קודים ושמות מצבים                        |
+| PREV / NEXT                                    | הקודם / הבא                                           |
+| anchor / data pack / asset bundle (scene)      | עוגן / חבילת נתונים / חבילת נכסים                   |
+| witness / geolocated source                    | עד ראייה / מקור נתון גיאוגרפית                        |
+| contained (wildland fire) / FRP                | הכלה / FRP, בלי שינוי                                 |
+
+Latin product, provider and dataset names stay as printed: Google Maps, Cesium ion, OpenSky, ADS-B, AIS, KartaView, Mapillary, Panoramax, Overpass, InciWeb, iNaturalist, Acartia, NASA FIRMS, NOAA, USGS, CelesTrak, TomTom, Sentinel-2, Landsat, VIIRS, HLS, S2 GhostMaps, TeleGeography.
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 291b99708..5cfee67ea 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
   <link rel="stylesheet" href="/style.css" />
   <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" />
   <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin />
-  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@300;400;500;600;700&family=Inter:wght@300;400;500;600&family=Noto+Sans+Arabic:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" />
+  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@300;400;500;600;700&family=Inter:wght@300;400;500;600&family=Noto+Sans+Arabic:wght@400;500;600;700&family=Noto+Sans+Hebrew:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" />
   <!-- Icon font subset to the glyphs this app renders. Keep `icon_names` in sync
        with the sources: src/materialSymbolsSubset.test.mjs fails when a source
        names a glyph this list is missing, because a missing glyph does not draw
diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index 703aca438..9e577cd0d 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -651,6 +652,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -699,6 +701,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -740,6 +743,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -783,6 +787,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -810,6 +815,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -840,6 +846,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -877,6 +884,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -946,6 +954,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -973,6 +982,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -1175,6 +1185,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -1367,6 +1378,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -1453,6 +1465,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -1514,6 +1527,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -1591,6 +1605,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -1628,6 +1643,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -1669,6 +1685,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -1709,6 +1726,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -1757,6 +1775,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -1809,6 +1828,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -1856,6 +1876,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -1919,6 +1940,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -1956,6 +1978,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -2013,6 +2036,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -2084,6 +2108,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -2124,6 +2149,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -2174,6 +2200,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -2204,6 +2231,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -2268,6 +2296,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -2346,6 +2375,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -3295,6 +3325,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -4031,6 +4062,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -4214,6 +4246,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -4247,6 +4280,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -4301,6 +4335,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -4339,6 +4374,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -4445,6 +4481,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -4518,6 +4555,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -4809,6 +4847,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -4864,6 +4903,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -4927,6 +4967,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -4951,6 +4992,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -5021,6 +5063,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -5070,6 +5113,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -5275,6 +5319,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
@@ -5321,6 +5366,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+      "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
diff --git a/src/i18n/i18n.test.mjs b/src/i18n/i18n.test.mjs
index 366dc42b9..f0b9645c7 100644
--- a/src/i18n/i18n.test.mjs
+++ b/src/i18n/i18n.test.mjs
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ test('normalizeLocale folds regional variants and rejects unshipped tags', () =>
   assert.equal(normalizeLocale('de'), 'de');
   assert.equal(normalizeLocale('de-AT'), 'de');
   assert.equal(normalizeLocale('de_CH'), 'de');
+  // Hebrew keeps Western digits like its catalog; regional tags fold to he.
+  assert.equal(normalizeLocale('he'), 'he');
+  assert.equal(normalizeLocale('he-IL'), 'he');
   assert.equal(normalizeLocale('fr'), 'fr');
   assert.equal(normalizeLocale('fr-CA'), 'fr');
   assert.equal(normalizeLocale('FR_be'), 'fr');
diff --git a/src/i18n/index.js b/src/i18n/index.js
index 8bffca8bc..9d697e72a 100644
--- a/src/i18n/index.js
+++ b/src/i18n/index.js
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import ar from './locales/ar.json' with { type: 'json' };
 import de from './locales/de.json' with { type: 'json' };
 import es from './locales/es.json' with { type: 'json' };
 import fr from './locales/fr.json' with { type: 'json' };
+import he from './locales/he.json' with { type: 'json' };
 import it from './locales/it.json' with { type: 'json' };
 import ja from './locales/ja.json' with { type: 'json' };
 import pt from './locales/pt.json' with { type: 'json' };
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ const CATALOGS = Object.freeze({
   de,
   es,
   fr,
+  he,
   it,
   ja,
   pt,
diff --git a/src/i18n/locale.js b/src/i18n/locale.js
index 7356ea8f8..9b73444ec 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locale.js
+++ b/src/i18n/locale.js
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ export const LOCALES = Object.freeze([
   'de',
   'es',
   'fr',
+  'he',
   'it',
   'ja',
   'pt',
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ export const LOCALE_NAMES = Object.freeze({
   de: 'Deutsch',
   es: 'Español',
   fr: 'Français',
+  he: 'עברית',
   it: 'Italiano',
   ja: '日本語',
   pt: 'Português (Brasil)',
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ export const LOCALE_NAMES = Object.freeze({
 });
 
 /** Right-to-left locales. */
-const RTL_LOCALES = Object.freeze(['ar']);
+const RTL_LOCALES = Object.freeze(['ar', 'he']);
 
 /** Whether a shipped locale reads right to left. */
 export function isRtlLocale(locale) {
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ export function intlLocale(locale) {
 
 /**
  * Map any language tag to a shipped locale: 'ru-RU' and 'RU' → 'ru',
- * 'ar-EG' and 'ar-SA' → 'ar',
+ * 'ar-EG' and 'ar-SA' → 'ar', 'he-IL' and 'he' → 'he',
  * 'de-AT' and 'de_CH' → 'de', 'ja-JP' → 'ja',
  * 'pt-BR' and 'pt-PT' → 'pt' (Brazilian Portuguese),
  * 'zh', 'zh-CN' and 'zh-Hans-SG' → 'zh-CN';
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/he.json b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..030a8fb26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3242 @@
+{
+  "Primary": "ראשי",
+  "Amber": "ענבר",
+  "Cyan": "טורקיז",
+  "Green": "ירוק",
+  "Red": "אדום",
+  "Area": "שטח",
+  "Line": "קו",
+  "Pin": "סיכה",
+  "Name of {name}": "השם של {name}",
+  "Change the colour of {name}": "שינוי הצבע של {name}",
+  "Colour of {name}": "הצבע של {name}",
+  "Hide {name}": "הסתרת {name}",
+  "Show {name}": "הצגת {name}",
+  "Fly to {name}": "טוס אל {name}",
+  "Remove {name}": "הסרת {name}",
+  "Pick a shape, then click the map.": "בחר צורה ואז לחץ על המפה.",
+  "Enter to place the pin, Esc to cancel.": "Enter להצבת הסיכה, Esc לביטול.",
+  "Click where the pin goes.": "לחץ היכן שהסיכה תוצב.",
+  "Click {count} more points.": {
+    "one": "{count} נקודה נוספת ללחיצה.",
+    "two": "{count} נקודות נוספות ללחיצה.",
+    "other": "{count} נקודות נוספות ללחיצה."
+  },
+  "Those points are in a line — move one off it to enclose an area.": "הנקודות האלה נמצאות על קו אחד — הזז אחת ממנו כדי לסגור שטח.",
+  "That line has no length — click somewhere further away.": "לקו הזה אין אורך — לחץ רחוק יותר.",
+  " · {max}-point limit reached": " · הגעת למגבלה של {max} נקודות",
+  "{measure} · double-click or Enter to finish, Backspace undoes, Esc cancels.{full}": "{measure} · לחיצה כפולה או Enter לסיום, Backspace מבטל פעולה אחרונה, Esc מבטל.{full}",
+  "That shape already has {count} points — finish it or press Backspace.": "לצורה הזאת כבר יש {count} נקודות — סיים אותה או הקש Backspace.",
+  "That point is off the globe — click on the world.": "הנקודה הזאת מחוץ לגלובוס — לחץ בתוך העולם.",
+  "That shape could not be placed.": "לא היתה אפשרות למקם את הצורה.",
+  "Could not place the shape: {error}": "לא ניתן למקם את הצורה: {error}",
+  "Board cleared.": "הלוח נוקה.",
+  "{owner} is using the pointer — close it first.": "{owner} משתמש במצביע — סגור אותו תחילה.",
+  "{label} · Detailed outline unavailable": "{label} · קו המתאר המפורט אינו זמין",
+  "Flying to Austin, TX...": "טס אל Austin, TX...",
+  "Restoring shared view...": "משחזר תצוגה משותפת...",
+  "Configuring viewer...": "מגדיר צפייה...",
+  "Loading Google 3D Tiles...": "טוען Google 3D Tiles...",
+  "Loading the keyless globe...": "טוען גלובוס ללא מפתח...",
+  "Google 3D Tiles unavailable ({detail}). Loading the keyless globe...": "Google 3D Tiles אינם זמינים ({detail}). טוען גלובוס ללא מפתח...",
+  "Initializing systems...": "מאתחל מערכות...",
+  "Space Missions isolates replay data. Exit the mode to enable {layer}.": "Space Missions מנתק את נתוני השמעה חוזרת. צא מהמצב כדי להפעיל את {layer}.",
+  "Data attribution": "ייחוס נתונים",
+  "Data provided by:": "הנתונים מסופקים על ידי:",
+  "Close data attribution": "סגירת ייחוס הנתונים",
+  "Light aircraft": "מטוס קל",
+  "Glider": "דאון",
+  "Turboprop": "מטוס טורבו-פרופ",
+  "Airliner": "מטוס נוסעים",
+  "Widebody": "מטוס גוף רחב",
+  "Four-engine jet": "מטוס סילון ארבע-מנועי",
+  "Helicopter": "מסוק",
+  "Fast jet": "מטוס סילון מהיר",
+  "Business jet": "מטוס מנהלים",
+  "Drone": "רחפן",
+  "General emergency": "חירום כללי",
+  "Unlawful interference": "התערבות בלתי חוקית",
+  "Radio failure": "כשל קשר",
+  "Downed aircraft": "מטוס שהתרסק",
+  "Minimum fuel": "דלק מינימלי",
+  "Lifeguard (medical priority)": "עדיפות רפואית (Lifeguard)",
+  "Rasuwagadhi witness video": "סרטון עד Rasuwagadhi",
+  "Bhote Koshi valley footage": "צילומי עמק Bhote Koshi",
+  "Flood footage": "צילומי שיטפון",
+  "Compilation and casualty claims": "אוסף וטענות נפגעים",
+  "SOURCE GEOCONFIRMED · WORLD-PINNED": "מקור אומת גיאוגרפית · מוצב בעולם",
+  "SOURCE CREDITED · LOCATION UNRESOLVED": "מקור מיוחס · מיקום לא הוכרע",
+  "REFERENCE ONLY · CLAIMS UNVERIFIED": "לעיון בלבד · טענות לא אומתו",
+  "SOURCE GEOCONFIRMED": "מקור אומת גיאוגרפית",
+  "2021 historical reference versus 2026 post-event imagery; changes are cumulative and include the July 2025 Rasuwagadhi flood. Schematic downstream progression, not modeled arrival time; not an official hazard model.": "מקור היסטורי של 2021 מול צילומי 2026 שאחרי האירוע; השינויים מצטברים וכוללים את השיטפון ב-Rasuwagadhi יולי 2025. ההתקדמות במורד הזרם סכמטית, אינה זמן הגעה ממודל; אינו מודל סיכונים רשמי.",
+  "Immediate collapse viewpoint": "נקודת תצפית — הקריסה המיידית",
+  "Collapse viewpoint": "נקודת תצפית — הקריסה",
+  "Debris-dammed lake": "אגם סכור במפולת",
+  "Dammed lake": "אגם סכור",
+  "Second landslide": "מפולת שנייה",
+  "Gyirong border gate": "מעבר הגבול Gyirong",
+  "Border gate": "מעבר גבול",
+  "Timure evidence cluster": "מקבץ ראיות Timure",
+  "Mailung / Upper Trishuli bridge": "גשר Mailung / Trishuli העליון",
+  "Dandagaun viewpoint restaurant": "מסעדת נקודת התצפית Dandagaun",
+  "Dandagaun viewpoint": "נקודת התצפית Dandagaun",
+  "Bidur - Trishuli bridge": "גשר Bidur - Trishuli",
+  "Bidur bridge": "גשר Bidur",
+  "Devighat / Taadi Khola Bridge": "גשר Devighat / Taadi Khola",
+  "Devighat bridge": "גשר Devighat",
+  "Facebook player API did not initialize.": "ה-API של נגן Facebook לא אותחל.",
+  "Facebook player API could not load.": "ה-API של נגן Facebook לא נטען.",
+  "Facebook player API timed out.": "ה-API של נגן Facebook חרג מהזמן הקצוב.",
+  "X embed API did not initialize.": "ה-API של הטמעת X לא אותחל.",
+  "X embed could not load.": "ההטמעה של X לא נטענה.",
+  "X embed timed out.": "ההטמעה של X חרגה מהזמן הקצוב.",
+  "UNAVAILABLE": "לא זמין",
+  "TIMEOUT": "פג זמן",
+  "BLOCKED": "נחסם",
+  "SOURCE": "מקור",
+  "Facebook embed unavailable. The post may be private, removed, region-restricted, or blocked.": "הטמעת Facebook אינה זמינה. ייתכן שהפוסט פרטי, הוסר, מוגבל לאזור או נחסם.",
+  "Preloading {provider} media": "טוען מראש מדיה של {provider}",
+  "LOADING X POST…": "טוען פוסט X…",
+  "The X post is unavailable or cannot be embedded.": "הפוסט של X אינו זמין או שאין אפשרות להטמיע אותו.",
+  "X POST · PROVIDER CONTROLS": "פוסט X · פקדי ספק",
+  "{reason} OPEN ORIGINAL.": "{reason} פתח את המקור.",
+  "X embed unavailable": "הטמעת X אינה זמינה",
+  "FACEBOOK · PROVIDER CONTROLS": "FACEBOOK · פקדי ספק",
+  "Facebook embed unavailable": "הטמעת Facebook אינה זמינה",
+  "AUTOPLAY BLOCKED · USE PROVIDER CONTROLS": "נגינה אוטומטית נחסמה · השתמש בפקדי הספק",
+  "Embedded {provider} media for {source}": "מדיה מוטמעת של {provider} עבור {source}",
+  "witness source": "מקור עד ראייה",
+  "Witness source": "מקור עד ראייה",
+  "{provider} · EMBEDDED SOURCE": "{provider} · מקור מוטמע",
+  "OPEN ORIGINAL ↗": "פתח את המקור ↗",
+  "{provider} media: {source}": "מדיה של {provider}: {source}",
+  "{provider} · PROVIDER CONTROLS": "{provider} · פקדי ספק",
+  "YOUTUBE {state} · OPEN ORIGINAL": "YOUTUBE {state} · פתח את המקור",
+  "INITIATION": "התחלה",
+  "DAMMING": "סכירה",
+  "SECONDARY FAILURE": "כשל משני",
+  "BORDER ARRIVAL": "הגעה לגבול",
+  "PROPAGATION": "התפשטות",
+  "DOWNSTREAM PASSAGE": "מעבר במורד הזרם",
+  "CONSEQUENCE": "תוצאה",
+  "DOWNSTREAM CONSEQUENCE": "תוצאה במורד הזרם",
+  "EVIDENCE": "ראיות",
+  "{year} HISTORICAL REFERENCE": "{year} מקור היסטורי",
+  "{year} POST-EVENT": "{year} אחרי האירוע",
+  "{count} GEOLOCATED SOURCE-MAP PLACEMENTS": {
+    "one": "{count} מיקום מקור נתון גיאוגרפית על המפה",
+    "two": "{count} מיקומי מקור נתונים גיאוגרפית על המפה",
+    "other": "{count} מיקומי מקור נתונים גיאוגרפית על המפה"
+  },
+  "NO PREVIEW": "אין תצוגה מקדימה",
+  "YouTube source": "מקור YouTube",
+  "Facebook source": "מקור Facebook",
+  "SOURCE LINK": "קישור המקור",
+  "{publisher} / OPEN": "{publisher} / פתח",
+  "▶ PLAY": "▶ נגן",
+  "▶ PLAY SCENE": "▶ נגן סצנה",
+  "◉ CINEMATIC": "◉ קינמטי",
+  "↺ FULL STORY": "↺ הסיפור המלא",
+  "Previous story beat": "קטע הסיפור הקודם",
+  "Next story beat": "קטע הסיפור הבא",
+  "Schematic downstream progression": "התקדמות סכמטית במורד הזרם",
+  "RECONSTRUCTION CLOCK": "שעון השחזור",
+  "CAUSE": "סיבה",
+  "CAPTURE TIME UNVERIFIED": "זמן הצילום לא אומת",
+  "Rasuwagadhi witness": "עד Rasuwagadhi",
+  "Open original source for {source}; capture time unverified": "פתיחת המקור המקורי של {source}; זמן הצילום לא אומת",
+  "Historical reference and post-event image divider": "מפריד בין תמונת המקור ההיסטורי לתמונה שאחרי האירוע",
+  "A historical reference {before} percent, B post-event {after} percent": "A מקור היסטורי {before} אחוזים, B אחרי האירוע {after} אחוזים",
+  "■ RELEASE CAMERA": "■ שחרר מצלמה",
+  "Seek Nepal scene clock": "גרירה בשעון סצנת נפאל",
+  "NEPAL SCENE CLOCK": "שעון סצנת נפאל",
+  "… PLAYING SHOT": "… שוט בנגינה",
+  "▶ PLAY SHOT": "▶ נגן שוט",
+  "Ⅱ PAUSE": "Ⅱ השהה",
+  "↺ REPLAY CINEMATIC": "↺ נגן קינמטי שוב",
+  "↺ REPLAY": "↺ נגן שוב",
+  "… PLAYING SCENE": "… סצנה בנגינה",
+  "Continue {scene} from next shot": "המשך את {scene} מהשוט הבא",
+  "current scene": "הסצנה הנוכחית",
+  "Replay the full reconstruction": "נגן את השחזור המלא מחדש",
+  "SCENE SHOT": "שוט הסצנה",
+  "TIME UNVERIFIED": "זמן לא אומת",
+  "{count} SOURCES": {
+    "one": "{count} מקור",
+    "two": "{count} מקורות",
+    "other": "{count} מקורות"
+  },
+  "OUTSIDE IMAGERY SWIPE": "החלקת צילומי חוץ",
+  "{scene} / AUTHORED SHOT": "{scene} / שוט ידני",
+  "NEPAL FLOOD INCIDENT": "אירוע השיטפון בנפאל",
+  "Play {shot}": "נגן את {shot}",
+  "current scene shot": "השוט הנוכחי בסצנה",
+  "Play reconstruction": "נגן שחזור",
+  "Load previous scene shot": "טען את השוט הקודם בסצנה",
+  "Load next scene shot": "טען את השוט הבא בסצנה",
+  "SCHEMATIC CORRIDOR, NOT MODELED ARRIVAL TIME.": "מסדרון סכמטי, לא זמן הגעה ממודל.",
+  "Rasuwa · 26 Aug 2026": "Rasuwa · 26.08.2026",
+  "Event reconstruction": "שחזור האירוע",
+  "BHOTE KOSHI FLOOD INCIDENT": "אירוע השיטפון ב-Bhote Koshi",
+  "NEPAL · 26 AUG 2026": "נפאל · 26.08.2026",
+  "USGS INITIAL REPORT": "דיווח ראשוני של USGS",
+  "26 AUG 2026 · 08:37 NPT": "26.08.2026 · 08:37 NPT",
+  "28.2710° N · 85.5150° E": "28.2710° N · 85.5150° E",
+  "INITIAL M4.4 · RECLASSIFIED M5.2 LANDSLIDE": "ראשוני M4.4 · סווג מחדש כמפולת M5.2",
+  "USGS EVENT us7000tbwb · OPEN SOURCE": "אירוע USGS us7000tbwb · פתח מקור",
+  "Open the USGS initial report for the 26 August 2026 Nepal landslide": "פתיחת הדיווח הראשוני של USGS למפולת בנפאל ב-26 באוגוסט 2026",
+  "Show the Nepal context callout without a border or country fill": "הצגת הערת ההקשר של נפאל ללא גבול או מילוי מדינה",
+  "Introduce Nepal, draw its border, then reveal the Bhote Koshi incident": "הצגת נפאל, שרטוט הגבול שלה ואז חשיפת אירוע Bhote Koshi",
+  "CITIES": "ערים",
+  "Keep the regional incident context and introduce nearby city labels": "שמירת ההקשר האזורי של האירוע והצגת תוויות ערים סמוכות",
+  "PLACES": "מקומות",
+  "Introduce the reconstruction scene key places from trigger to downstream": "הצגת המקומות המרכזיים בסצנת השחזור, מהגורם ועד במורד הזרם",
+  "PATH": "מסלול",
+  "Animate the sourced cyan river-centerline route to Trishuli Bazaar": "הנפשת מסלול קו האמצע של הנהר בטורקיז עד Trishuli Bazaar, לפי המקורות",
+  "OVERVIEW": "סקירה",
+  "Keep the completed flood path and location labels visible": "השארת מסלול השיטפון המושלם ותוויות המיקומים גלויים",
+  "RECORD": "הקלטה",
+  "Reveal the trigger record while making a slow camera approach": "חשיפת רשומת הטריגר תוך התקרבות אטית של המצלמה",
+  "{speed} kn": "{speed} kn",
+  "That file is not valid JSON.": "הקובץ אינו JSON תקין.",
+  "That JSON file is not GeoJSON.": "קובץ ה-JSON אינו GeoJSON.",
+  "That FeatureCollection has no features list.": "ב-FeatureCollection אין רשימת אובייקטים.",
+  "Every GeoJSON feature must have type Feature.": "לכל אובייקט GeoJSON חייב להיות סוג Feature.",
+  "That GeoJSON has invalid geometries.": "ה-GeoJSON מכיל גאומטריות בלתי תקינות.",
+  "That GeoJSON contains an unsupported geometry.": "ה-GeoJSON מכיל גאומטריה שאינה נתמכת.",
+  "That GeoJSON has invalid coordinates.": "ה-GeoJSON מכיל קואורדינטות בלתי תקינות.",
+  "That file creates more than {limit} map objects (the limit).": "הקובץ יוצר יותר מ-{limit} אובייקטי מפה (המגבלה).",
+  "That file has more than {limit} style definitions and image links after cleanup (the limit).": "הקובץ מכיל יותר מ-{limit} הגדרות סגנון וקישורי תמונה לאחר הניקוי (המגבלה).",
+  "That file has more than {limit} features (the limit).": "הקובץ מכיל יותר מ-{limit} אובייקטים (המגבלה).",
+  "That file has more than {limit} points (the limit) across {features} features.": "הקובץ מכיל יותר מ-{limit} נקודות (המגבלה) על פני {features} אובייקטים.",
+  "That file has more than {limit} points (the limit).": "הקובץ מכיל יותר מ-{limit} נקודות (המגבלה).",
+  "That KMZ unpacks to more than the import limit.": "ה-KMZ מתפרק ליותר ממגבלת הייבוא.",
+  "That KMZ is damaged and could not be unpacked.": "ה-KMZ פגום ולא ניתן לפרוק אותו.",
+  "That KMZ is not a readable zip archive.": "ה-KMZ אינו ארכיון zip קריא.",
+  "That KMZ uses a zip format this import does not read.": "ה-KMZ משתמש בתבנית zip שהייבוא הזה אינו קורא.",
+  "That KMZ is encrypted.": "ה-KMZ מוצפן.",
+  "That KMZ uses a compression method this import does not read.": "ה-KMZ משתמש בשיטת דחיסה שהייבוא הזה אינו קורא.",
+  "That KML has invalid geometry bounds.": "ל-KML יש גבולות גאומטריה בלתי תקינים.",
+  "That KML has invalid coordinates.": "ה-KML מכיל קואורדינטות בלתי תקינות.",
+  "That GPX file has no <gpx> document.": "לקובץ ה-GPX אין מסמך <gpx>.",
+  "That {format} file is not valid XML.": "קובץ ה-{format} אינו XML תקין.",
+  "That file has an unreadable image or exceeds the 16-megapixel image limit.": "הקובץ מכיל תמונה שלא ניתן לקרוא או חורג ממגבלת 16 מגה-פיקסל.",
+  "That KML could not be read.": "את ה-KML לא ניתן לקרוא.",
+  "That file has invalid point coordinates.": "הקובץ מכיל קואורדינטות נקודה בלתי תקינות.",
+  "Ground heights are not available for that file. Try again when the map has loaded.": "גבהי הקרקע אינם זמינים עבור הקובץ הזה. נסה שוב אחרי שהמפה נטענת.",
+  "That file took too long to read.": "קריאת הקובץ ארכה יותר מדי זמן.",
+  "Nothing to import.": "אין מה לייבא.",
+  "That file is larger than {size} MiB.": "הקובץ גדול מ-{size} MiB.",
+  "Only GeoJSON, KML, KMZ and GPX files can be imported.": "ניתן לייבא רק קבצי GeoJSON, KML, KMZ ו-GPX.",
+  "That file has nothing to draw.": "אין בקובץ מה לצייר.",
+  "That KMZ holds no KML document.": "ב-KMZ אין מסמך KML.",
+  "That {format} file could not be read.": "את קובץ ה-{format} לא ניתן לקרוא.",
+  "That file has {count} map objects; the limit is {limit}.": "הקובץ מכיל {count} אובייקטי מפה; המגבלה {limit}.",
+  "Ground heights could not be read. Try that file again.": "את גבהי הקרקע לא ניתן לקרוא. נסה שוב את הקובץ הזה.",
+  "That file has invalid point graphics.": "הקובץ מכיל גרפיקת נקודות בלתי תקינה.",
+  "Overpass rate-limited": "Overpass מוגבל בקצב",
+  "Overpass timed out": "Overpass חרג מהזמן הקצוב",
+  "Overpass could not complete the query": "Overpass לא השלים את השאילתה",
+  "Map tiles temporarily unavailable": "אריחי המפה אינם זמינים זמנית",
+  "Mapped names temporarily unavailable": "שמות ממופים אינם זמינים זמנית",
+  "Overpass temporarily unavailable": "Overpass אינו זמין זמנית",
+  "Retrying mapped sites…": "מנסה שוב אתרים ממופים…",
+  "Fetching mapped sites…": "שולף אתרים ממופים…",
+  "{reason} — retrying in {seconds}s": "{reason} — מנסה שוב בעוד {seconds} שניות",
+  "{reason} — retry pending": "{reason} — ניסיון חוזר בתור",
+  "Zoom in to search mapped installations": "התקרב כדי לחפש מתקנים ממופים",
+  "Showing cached mapped sites": "מציג אתרים ממופים מהמטמון",
+  "Mapped sites not loaded": "אתרים ממופים לא נטענו",
+  "Mapped sites loaded": "אתרים ממופים נטענו",
+  "Military airfield": "שדה תעופה צבאי",
+  "Naval base": "בסיס ימי",
+  "Firing range": "שטח אש",
+  "Military land": "שטח צבאי",
+  "Mapped installation": "מתקן ממופה",
+  "Military area": "אזור צבאי",
+  "flight": "טיסה",
+  "military flight": "טיסה צבאית",
+  "satellite": "לוויין",
+  "feed unavailable": "פיד אינו זמין",
+  "feed stale": "פיד מיושן",
+  "observed or mapped nearby context": "הקשר סמוך נצפה או ממופה",
+  "no observed or mapped objects in current feeds": "אין עצמים נצפים או ממופים בפידים הנוכחיים",
+  "Draw": "שרטוט",
+  "Directions": "דרכי הגעה",
+  "Recent imagery": "צילומים אחרונים",
+  "STATION": "תחנות",
+  "Crewed stations and their visiting vehicles": "תחנות מאוישות והחלליות המבקרות בהן",
+  "NAV": "ניווט",
+  "GNSS navigation — GPS, GLONASS, Galileo": "ניווט GNSS — GPS, GLONASS, Galileo",
+  "GEO": "GEO",
+  "Geostationary belt — comms and weather, fixed over the equator": "חגורה גיאו-סטציונרית — תקשורת ומזג אוויר, קבועים מעל קו המשווה",
+  "VISUAL": "ויזואלי",
+  "Brightest naked-eye objects — CelesTrak visual group": "העצמים הבהירים ביותר לעין בלתי מזוינת — קבוצת הויזואל של CelesTrak",
+  "COMMS": "תקשורת",
+  "Broadband constellation shell — shown only in DENSE mode": "מעטפת קונסטלציית פס רחב — מוצגת במצב DENSE בלבד",
+  "FISHING": "דיג",
+  "TOWING": "גרירה",
+  "DREDGER": "מחפר",
+  "DIVE OPS": "פעולות צלילה",
+  "MILITARY": "צבאי",
+  "SAILING": "שייט",
+  "PLEASURE": "פנאי",
+  "PILOT": "נחייה",
+  "SAR": "SAR",
+  "TUG": "גוררת",
+  "PORT TENDER": "אוניית שירות נמל",
+  "ANTI-POLLUTION": "נגד זיהום",
+  "LAW ENFORCE": "אכיפת חוק",
+  "MEDICAL": "רפואי",
+  "HIGH-SPEED": "מהירות גבוהה",
+  "PASSENGER": "נוסעים",
+  "CARGO": "מטען",
+  "TANKER": "מכלית",
+  "OTHER": "אחר",
+  "Included in bundle": "כלול בחבילה",
+  "Missing bundle file — reimport its bundle": "קובץ חבילה חסר — ייבא את החבילה שוב",
+  "Source configured; file checked when loaded": "המקור מוגדר; הקובץ נבדק בעת הטעינה",
+  "Source unavailable": "מקור אינו זמין",
+  "ENVIRONMENTAL": "סביבתי",
+  "EARTH WATCH": "EARTH WATCH",
+  "ACTIVE EVENTS": "אירועים פעילים",
+  "Tip: the GEV MIC button in the dock lets you talk to the map.": "טיפ: לחצן ה-MIC של GEV בעגינה מאפשר לדבר עם המפה.",
+  "Starting live contacts…": "מתחיל מגעים חיים…",
+  "Opening space missions…": "פותח משימות חלל…",
+  "Scanning active events…": "סורק אירועים פעילים…",
+  "Live earthquakes and active fires, from USGS and NASA": "רעידות אדמה חיות ושרפות פעילות, מ-USGS ו-NASA",
+  "It feels like a forbidden cockpit—then you realize the sources are public and the data is real.": "מרגיש כמו תא טייס אסור — ואז מבינים שהמקורות פומביים והנתונים אמיתיים.",
+  "Working…": "מבצע…",
+  "Could not open that mission{detail}. Retry or explore manually.": "לא ניתן לפתוח את המשימה הזאת{detail}. נסה שוב או חקור בידנית.",
+  "This browser is blocking storage, so that could not be saved.": "הדפדפן הזה חוסם אחסון, ולכן לא ניתן היה לשמור.",
+  "NORMAL": "רגיל",
+  "CRT": "CRT",
+  "NVG": "NVG",
+  "FLIR": "FLIR",
+  "ANIME": "אנימה",
+  "NOIR": "נואר",
+  "ARCTIC": "ארקטי",
+  "ANTARCTIC": "אנטארקטי",
+  "NORTH AMERICA": "אמריקה הצפונית",
+  "SOUTH AMERICA": "אמריקה הדרומית",
+  "EUROPE": "אירופה",
+  "AFRICA": "אפריקה",
+  "ASIA": "אסיה",
+  "OCEANIA": "אוקיאניה",
+  "NORTHERN OCEANIC GRID": "רשת אוקיינית צפונית",
+  "SOUTHERN OCEANIC GRID": "רשת אוקיינית דרומית",
+  "LOADING": "טוען",
+  "DEGRADED": "מופחת",
+  "STALE": "מיושן",
+  "PARTIAL": "חלקי",
+  "FALLBACK": "חלופה",
+  "view band|STREET": "רחוב",
+  "view band|CITY": "עיר",
+  "view band|METRO": "מטרו",
+  "view band|REGIONAL": "אזורי",
+  "view band|GLOBAL": "גלובלי",
+  "AIS: --": "AIS: --",
+  "SUMMARY": "סיכום",
+  "REC": "REC",
+  "Awaiting telemetry...": "ממתין לטלמטריה...",
+  "N/A": "לא זמין",
+  "{mode} {band} {locality} | {region} | ALT {alt} | WINDOW {window} | SUN {sun}° | ONA {ona}° | {zone}": "{mode} {band} {locality} | {region} | גובה {alt} | חלון {window} | שמש {sun}° | ONA {ona}° | {zone}",
+  "NEAR {poi} ({city}) {distance}": "קרוב אל {poi} ({city}) {distance}",
+  "SECTOR {lat} {lon}": "סקטור {lat} {lon}",
+  "hemisphere|N": "N",
+  "hemisphere|S": "S",
+  "hemisphere|E": "E",
+  "hemisphere|W": "W",
+  "POWER UP · {count} KEYS WAITING": {
+    "one": "אתחול · {count} מפתח בהמתנה",
+    "two": "אתחול · {count} מפתחות בהמתנה",
+    "other": "אתחול · {count} מפתחות בהמתנה"
+  },
+  "POWERED UP": "מופעל",
+  "Provider Settings does not answer proxied requests": "הגדרות הספקים אינן עונות על בקשות פרוקסי",
+  "Provider Settings is disabled while sharing is enabled": "הגדרות הספקים אינן זמינות במסגרת שיתוף פעיל",
+  "Provider Settings answers only the machine running the server": "הגדרות הספקים עונות רק למכונה שמריצה את השרת",
+  "Provider Settings answers only local hostnames": "הגדרות הספקים עונות רק לשמות מחשב מקומיים",
+  "Provider Settings requires an exact local Origin": "הגדרות הספקים דורשות Origin מקומי מדויק",
+  "Unrecognized Origin refused": "Origin בלתי מזוהה נדחה",
+  "Cross-origin requests are refused": "בקשות חוצות מקור נדחות",
+  "Content-Type must be application/json": "Content-Type חייב להיות application/json",
+  "Method not allowed": "השיטה אינה מותרת",
+  "Request too large": "הבקשה גדולה מדי",
+  "Invalid JSON": "JSON בלתי תקין",
+  "Body must be a JSON object of {ENV_VAR: value}": "הגוף חייב להיות אובייקט JSON של {ENV_VAR: value}",
+  "No keys provided": "לא סופקו מפתחות",
+  "At most {limit} keys per save": "{limit} מפתחות לכל היותר בכל שמירה",
+  "Unknown key: {name}": "מפתח בלתי ידוע: {name}",
+  "{name} must be a string": "{name} חייב להיות מחרוזת",
+  "{name} is empty": "{name} ריק",
+  "{name} is longer than any real key ({limit} max)": "{name} ארוך מכל מפתח אמיתי ({limit} לכל היותר)",
+  "{name} may only contain printable characters with no spaces": "{name} עשוי להכיל רק תווים שניתנים להדפסה ללא רווחים",
+  "{name} contains a character that is not valid in a key (#, quotes, $, \\, or backtick)": "{name} מכיל תו שאינו תקין במפתח (#, מירכאות, $, \\, או בק-טיק)",
+  "{name} is configured outside Provider Settings and can only be changed where it was set": "{name} מוגדר מחוץ להגדרות הספקים וניתן לשינוי רק במקום שבו הוגדר",
+  "The key was not saved: could not restrict the credential file to your account; nothing was saved": "המפתח לא נשמר: לא הצליח להגביל את קובץ הפרטים לחשבון שלך; לא נשמר דבר",
+  "The key was not saved: the existing configuration could not be read, so nothing was changed": "המפתח לא נשמר: לא ניתן לקרוא את התצורה הקיימת, ולכן לא נעשה שינוי",
+  "Could not write the {store} store": "לא ניתן לכתוב את מחסן {store}",
+  "Save failed ({status}).": "השמירה נכשלה ({status}).",
+  "OAuth check failed: {detail}": "בדיקת OAuth נכשלה: {detail}",
+  "Could not check ChatGPT sign-in. Try again.": "לא ניתן לבדוק את ההתחברות ל-ChatGPT. נסה שוב.",
+  "Metered — a billing-enabled account": "מדוד — חשבון מופעל חיוב",
+  "Optional paid token — public access works without one": "אסימון בתשלום אופציונלי — הגישה הציבורית עובדת בלעדיו",
+  "Free key — register, paste, done": "מפתח חינמי — להירשם, להדביק, סיימת",
+  "Project keys: {status}": "מפתחות פרויקט: {status}",
+  "your app configuration": "תצורת האפליקציה שלך",
+  "your local .env": "קובץ ה-.env המקומי שלך",
+  "Saving…": "שומר…",
+  "Save failed: {detail}": "השמירה נכשלה: {detail}",
+  "Paste at least one key first.": "הדבק קודם מפתח אחד לפחות.",
+  "Saved to {store}. Restarting — this page reloads itself.": "נשמר ב-{store}. מאתחל — העמוד הזה יטען את עצמו.",
+  "Remove this key from your saved configuration?": "להסיר את המפתח הזה מהתצורה השמורה שלך?",
+  "Removed from {store}. Restarting — this page reloads itself.": "הוסר מ-{store}. מאתחל — העמוד הזה יטען את עצמו.",
+  "Cloud voice will use OPENAI_API_KEY on the next session.": "הקול בענן ישתמש ב-OPENAI_API_KEY בהפעלה הבאה.",
+  "Checking local ChatGPT OAuth sign-in…": "בודק התחברות OAuth מקומית ל-ChatGPT…",
+  "Could not check ChatGPT sign-in.": "לא ניתן לבדוק את ההתחברות ל-ChatGPT.",
+  "ChatGPT OAuth selected for cloud voice. Your API key stays saved and available.": "נבחר OAuth של ChatGPT לקול בענן. מפתח ה-API שלך נשאר שמור וזמין.",
+  "ChatGPT sign-in expired. Opening sign-in again…": "התחברות ChatGPT פגה. פותח התחברות מחדש…",
+  "Opening ChatGPT sign-in in your browser…": "פותח התחברות ChatGPT בדפדפן שלך…",
+  "Could not start ChatGPT sign-in on this machine.": "לא ניתן להתחיל התחברות ChatGPT במכונה הזאת.",
+  "Finish ChatGPT sign-in in the browser. Waiting for it to complete…": "השלם את התחברות ChatGPT בדפדפן. ממתין להשלמתה…",
+  "ChatGPT sign-in timed out. Click {button} to try again.": "התחברות ChatGPT חרגה מהזמן הקצוב. לחץ על {button} לניסיון חוזר.",
+  "USE CHATGPT OAUTH": "השתמש ב-CHATGPT OAUTH",
+  "ChatGPT sign-in complete. OAuth will be used for the next cloud voice session.": "התחברות ChatGPT הושלמה. OAuth ישמש בהפעלת הקול בענן הבאה.",
+  "The photorealistic 3D planet, place search + Street View": "כוכב הלכת התלת-הממדי הפוטוריאליסטי, חיפוש מקומות + Street View",
+  "Places context + Street View fallback; optional separate key": "הקשר מקומות + גיבוי Street View; מפתח נפרד אופציונלי",
+  "Voice control — API key or ChatGPT OAuth": "שליטה קולית — מפתח API או OAuth של ChatGPT",
+  "Gemini Live voice control": "שליטה קולית של Gemini Live",
+  "Live ships, worldwide": "אוניות חיים, בכל העולם",
+  "Live active-fire detections": "זיהויי שרפות חיים",
+  "Real live traffic (keyless runs a simulation)": "תנועה חיה אמיתית (ללא מפתח רצה סימולציה)",
+  "Bing imagery map stacks + world terrain": "ערמות מפות צילומים של Bing + טופוגרפיה עולמית",
+  "More flight-polling credits (anonymous works without)": "אשראי דגימת טיסות נוסף (אנונימי עובד בלעדיו)",
+  "Street-level imagery and coverage in the Street Level layer. Free: register an app in the Mapillary developer dashboard and paste its Client Token": "צילומי רחוב וכיסוי בשכבת Street Level. חינם: רשמו אפליקציה במרכז השליטה המפתחים של Mapillary והדביקו את ה-Client Token שלה",
+  "Public space-missions access needs no key. Leave blank for standard use; paid tokens only raise request limits.": "הגישה הציבורית למשימות החלל אינה דורשת מפתח. השאר לריקה לשימוש הרגיל; אסימונים בתשלום מעלים רק מגבלות בקשות.",
+  "Air quality request failed": "בקשת איכות האוויר נכשלה",
+  "No readings available": "אין מדידות זמינות",
+  "No current readings": "אין מדידות נוכחיות",
+  "{count} stations reporting": {
+    "one": "{count} תחנה מדווחת",
+    "two": "{count} תחנות מדווחות",
+    "other": "{count} תחנות מדווחות"
+  },
+  "Highest air-quality readings in view": "מדידות איכות האוויר הגבוהות בתצוגה",
+  "Low": "נמוך",
+  "Low health risk": "סיכון בריאותי נמוך",
+  "Moderate": "בינוני",
+  "Moderate health risk": "סיכון בריאותי בינוני",
+  "High": "גבוה",
+  "High health risk": "סיכון בריאותי גבוה",
+  "Very High": "גבוה מאוד",
+  "Very High health risk": "סיכון בריאותי גבוה מאוד",
+  "Air quality": "איכות אוויר",
+  "Canada only · ECCC AQHI network": "קנדה בלבד · רשת AQHI של ECCC",
+  "ECCC request timed out": "בקשת ECCC חרגה מהזמן הקצוב",
+  "Malformed AQHI station response": "תשובת תחנות AQHI פגומה",
+  "No AQHI stations available": "אין תחנות AQHI זמינות",
+  "Malformed AQHI observation response": "תשובת תצפיות AQHI פגומה",
+  "Camera source temporarily unavailable": "מקור המצלמות אינו זמין זמנית",
+  "Mapped camera locations": "מיקומי מצלמות ממופים",
+  "SHOW NEAREST": "הצג את הקרוב",
+  "Stop following the current object before navigating to a camera": "הפסק עקיבה אחר העצם הנוכחי לפני ניווט אל מצלמה",
+  "Move to the nearest loaded camera and show its details": "מעבר אל המצלמה הקרובה שנטענה והצגת פרטיה",
+  "Camera badges": "תגי מצלמות",
+  "Cyan cameras turn coral when selected. Wedges illustrate mapped direction, not measured coverage. Nearby cameras may be outside the screen.": "מצלמות בטורקיז הופכות לאלמוג כשהן נבחרות. המקטעים ממחישים כיוון ממופה, לא כיסוי נמדד. מצלמות סמוכות עשויות להימצא מחוץ למסך.",
+  "{count} nearby · {onScreen} on screen": {
+    "one": "{count} בקרבה · {onScreen} על המסך",
+    "two": "{count} בקרבה · {onScreen} על המסך",
+    "other": "{count} בקרבה · {onScreen} על המסך"
+  },
+  "{count} nearby": {
+    "one": "{count} בקרבה",
+    "two": "{count} בקרבה",
+    "other": "{count} בקרבה"
+  },
+  "retrying mapped ALPR cameras": "מנסה שוב מצלמות ALPR ממופות",
+  "loading mapped ALPR cameras": "טוען מצלמות ALPR ממופות",
+  "No ALPR data for this area — US and Canada only": "אין נתוני ALPR לאזור הזה — ארה\"ב וקנדה בלבד",
+  "Zoom in to load mapped cameras": "התקרב כדי לטעון מצלמות ממופות",
+  "Showing cached locations": "מציג מיקומים מהמטמון",
+  "Coverage limited — zoom in": "כיסוי מוגבל — התקרב",
+  "No ALPR data for this area": "אין נתוני ALPR לאזור הזה",
+  "None on screen — nearby cameras are outside the view": "אין על המסך — המצלמות הסמוכות מחוץ לתצוגה",
+  "ALPR camera": "מצלמת ALPR",
+  "Camera coverage unavailable": "כיסוי מצלמות אינו זמין",
+  "OpenStreetMap · community mapped": "OpenStreetMap · ממופה על ידי הקהילה",
+  "Overpass returned an incomplete camera response": "Overpass החזיר תשובת מצלמות חלקית",
+  "At least {count}": "{count} לפחות",
+  "CONTEXT READY": "ההקשר מוכן",
+  "GLOBAL CONTEXT OFF": "ההקשר הגלובלי כבוי",
+  "SELECT A FLIGHT, VESSEL, OR MAPPED INSTALLATION": "בחר טיסה, כלי שיט או מתקן ממופה",
+  "ENABLE TO LOAD OBSERVED / MAPPED PROXIMITY": "הפעל כדי לטעון קרבה נצפית / ממופה",
+  "Unavailable": "לא זמין",
+  "Focus {label}": "התמקד ב-{label}",
+  "Global Context navigation": "ניווט ההקשר הגלובלי",
+  "PREVIOUS": "הקודם",
+  "Previous — prior visited contact in the 250 km window": "הקודם — מגע שכבר ביקרת בו בחלון של 250 ק\"מ",
+  "FOCUS": "התמקד",
+  "NEXT": "הבא",
+  "Next — nearest unvisited contact in the 250 km window": "הבא — המגע הקרוב ביותר שלא ביקרת בו בחלון של 250 ק\"מ",
+  "Named areas ({n})": "אזורים בעלי שם ({n})",
+  "{distance} FLIGHT / VESSEL WINDOW": "חלון טיסות / כלי שיט של {distance}",
+  "Open-source mapped/observed context. Missing broadcasts, unloaded map areas, or unmapped sites are not evidence of absence.": "הקשר ממופה/נצפה בקוד פתח. שידורים חסרים, אזורי מפה שלא נטענו או אתרים שלא ממופו אינם הוכחה להיעדר.",
+  "mapped matches within {km} km of the subject": "התאמות ממופות בטווח {km} ק\"מ מהעצם",
+  "none mapped within {km} km; not a complete 250 km survey": "אין התאמות ממופות בטווח {km} ק\"מ; אינו מיפוי מלא של 250 ק\"מ",
+  "mapped matches from the loaded viewport": "התאמות ממופות מתוך התצוגה שנטענה",
+  "viewport feed is not a complete 250 km survey": "פיד התצוגה אינו מיפוי מלא של 250 ק\"מ",
+  "HDG {value}°": "HDG {value}°",
+  "BRG {value}°": "BRG {value}°",
+  "BRG —": "BRG —",
+  "CRS {value}°": "CRS {value}°",
+  "CURRENT VIEWPORT ONLY": "התצוגה הנוכחית בלבד",
+  "WITHIN {km} KM": "בטווח {km} ק\"מ",
+  "Flights": "טיסות",
+  "Military flights": "טיסות צבאיות",
+  "AIS vessels": "כלי שיט AIS",
+  "Mapped installations": "מתקנים ממופים",
+  "syncing {count} city feeds...": "מסנכרן {count} פידי ערים...",
+  "scanning nearby systems...": "סורק מערכות סמוכות...",
+  "GBFS fetch error": "שגיאת אחזור GBFS",
+  "Station {id}": "תחנה {id}",
+  "Station": "תחנה",
+  "🚲 {bikes} avail · {docks} docks · {capacity} cap": "🚲 {bikes} זמינות · {docks} עמדות · {capacity} קיבולת",
+  "⚠️ Not installed": "⚠️ לא מותקנת",
+  "⚠️ Not renting": "⚠️ לא משכירה",
+  "⚠️ Not returning": "⚠️ לא מקבלת החזרות",
+  "HDG {value}° (ESTIMATED)": "HDG {value}° (מוערך)",
+  "CALIBRATED": "מכויל",
+  "CURATED": "קוראטד",
+  "RAW PRIOR": "הערכה ראשונית",
+  "SNAPSHOT": "תמונת מצב",
+  "LIVE": "חי",
+  "UPSTREAM": "מקור",
+  "SYNTHETIC": "סינתטי",
+  "CONFIGURED": "מוגדר",
+  "SEED": "קטלוג",
+  "IMAGE": "תמונה",
+  "UNKNOWN": "לא ידוע",
+  "{count} CAMERAS STANDING BY · NO CAMERA SELECTED · CLICK A CAMERA TO ACTIVATE": "{count} מצלמות במצב המתנה · לא נבחרה מצלמה · לחץ על מצלמה להפעלה",
+  "No cameras available in catalog.": "אין מצלמות זמינות בקטלוג.",
+  "{city} CCTV": "{city} · CCTV",
+  "FOV {value}° (DATASHEET)": "FOV {value}° (דף נתונים)",
+  "FOV {value}°": "FOV {value}°",
+  "SPEC FOV {span}° (CAPABILITY)": "FOV מפרט {span}° (יכולת)",
+  "COVERAGE {value}km²": "כיסוי {value} קמ\"ר",
+  "OVERLAP {count} cams": "חפיפה: {count} מצלמות",
+  "ISOLATED VIEW": "תצוגה מבודדת",
+  "PROJ MONITOR": "הקרנה — מסך",
+  "PROJ OFF": "הקרנה כבויה",
+  "VIEWSHED": "שדה ראייה",
+  "CAL {value}": "CAL {value}",
+  "SRC {value}": "SRC {value}",
+  "{value} CONTEXT": "הקשר {value}",
+  "{spec} · SPECS: CCTV-DATABASE.COM": "{spec} · מפרט: CCTV-DATABASE.COM",
+  "Atlantic and eastern/central North Pacific; not worldwide cyclone coverage.": "האטלנטי והפסיפיק הצפוני המזרחי/מרכזי; אין כיסוי ציקלונים עולמי.",
+  "Cyclone advisories unavailable": "ייעוצי ציקלונים אינם זמינים",
+  "Cyclone data unavailable": "נתוני ציקלונים אינם זמינים",
+  "Potential tropical cyclone": "ציקלון טרופי פוטנציאלי",
+  "Post-tropical cyclone": "ציקלון פוסט-טרופי",
+  "Hurricane": "הוריקן",
+  "Tropical storm": "סערה טרופית",
+  "Tropical depression": "דיפרסיה טרופית",
+  "Subtropical storm": "סערה סובטרופית",
+  "Subtropical depression": "דיפרסיה סובטרופית",
+  "Track and cone match this advisory": "המסלול והחרוט תואמים לייעוץ הזה",
+  "Track/cone awaiting advisory {number}": "מסלול/חרוט ממתין לייעוץ {number}",
+  "Track/cone unavailable": "מסלול/חרוט אינם זמינים",
+  "Cached advisory · stale source": "ייעוץ מהמטמון · מקור מיושן",
+  "Loading advisories…": "טוען ייעוצים…",
+  "{count} active storms": {
+    "one": "{count} סערה פעילה",
+    "two": "{count} סערות פעילות",
+    "other": "{count} סערות פעילות"
+  },
+  "Position as of {time}": "מיקום נכון ל-{time}",
+  "Maximum sustained wind: {wind} · Pressure: {pressure}": "רוח מתמשכת מרבית: {wind} · לחץ: {pressure}",
+  "{name} · {classification} · Advisory {number} · issued {time}": "{name} · {classification} · ייעוץ {number} · פורסם {time}",
+  "No active NHC/CPHC systems": "אין מערכות NHC/CPHC פעילות",
+  "Advisories unavailable": "ייעוצים אינם זמינים",
+  "Cyclones · NHC / CPHC": "ציקלונים · NHC / CPHC",
+  "Atlantic · E/C Pacific": "האטלנטי · הפסיפיק מ/צ",
+  "{storms} · {name} selected": "{storms} · {name} נבחר",
+  "Official advisory ↗": "ייעוץ רשמי ↗",
+  "Active NHC and CPHC cyclone advisories": "ייעוצי ציקלונים פעילים של NHC ו-CPHC",
+  "Wind unavailable": "רוח אינה זמינה",
+  "Advisory center / forecast track": "מרכז הייעוץ / מסלול חזוי",
+  "Center-track uncertainty cone": "חרוט אי-ודאות של מסלול המרכז",
+  "Select a storm on the map, or choose a storm in the list to select it and move the camera. Click empty map space to clear the selection. NOAA NHC/CPHC advisory context. The cone describes forecast center-track uncertainty, not storm size or the full hazard area. Forecast point labels are source lead hours, not times computed from advisory issuance. Geometry follows the surface; height is not weather altitude. Consult the official advisory.": "בחר סערה במפה, או בחר סערה ברשימה כדי לבחור אותה ולהזיז את המצלמה. לחץ בשטח ריק במפה כדי לבטל את הבחירה. הקשר ייעוצים של NOAA NHC/CPHC. החרוט מתאר אי-ודאות של מסלול המרכז בחזוי, לא את גודל הסערה ולא את מלוא אזור הסכנה. תוויות נקודות החזוי הן שעות חיזוי של המקור, לא זמנים שחושבו מפרסום הייעוץ. הגאומטריה נצמדת לפני הקרקע; הגובה אינו גובה מטאורולוגי. היווע בייעוץ הרשמי.",
+  "Malformed cyclone snapshot": "תמונת מצב של ציקלון פגומה",
+  "Cyclone request timed out": "בקשת הציקלון חרגה מהזמן הקצוב",
+  "DRIVE": "נסיעה",
+  "Drive": "נסיעה",
+  "WALK": "הליכה",
+  "Walk": "הליכה",
+  "BIKE": "אופניים",
+  "Bike": "אופניים",
+  "Routing is rate limited — try again in a moment": "הניתוב מוגבל בקצב — נסה שוב בעוד רגע",
+  "Routing unavailable": "ניתוב אינו זמין",
+  "direction|left": "שמאלה",
+  "direction|right": "ימינה",
+  "direction|slightly left": "שמאלה קלות",
+  "direction|slightly right": "ימינה קלות",
+  "direction|sharply left": "שמאלה בחדות",
+  "direction|sharply right": "ימינה בחדות",
+  "direction|straight": "ישר",
+  "direction|around": "דרך המעגל",
+  "fork direction|left": "שמאלה",
+  "fork direction|right": "ימינה",
+  "fork direction|slightly left": "שמאלה קלות",
+  "fork direction|slightly right": "ימינה קלות",
+  "fork direction|sharply left": "שמאלה בחדות",
+  "fork direction|sharply right": "ימינה בחדות",
+  "fork direction|straight": "ישר",
+  "lane direction|left": "שמאלה",
+  "lane direction|right": "ימינה",
+  "lane direction|slightly left": "שמאלה קלות",
+  "lane direction|slightly right": "ימינה קלות",
+  "lane direction|sharply left": "שמאלה בחדות",
+  "lane direction|sharply right": "ימינה בחדות",
+  "lane direction|straight": "ישר",
+  "ordinal|{number}st": "{number}.",
+  "ordinal|{number}nd": "{number}.",
+  "ordinal|{number}rd": "{number}.",
+  "ordinal|{number}th": "{number}.",
+  "Head out on {road}": "צא אל {road}",
+  "Head out": "צא לדרך",
+  "Arrive at your destination, on the left": "הגעה ליעד, בצד שמאל",
+  "Arrive at your destination, on the right": "הגעה ליעד, בצד ימין",
+  "Arrive at your destination": "הגעה ליעד",
+  "Make a U-turn onto {road}": "בצע פניית פרסה אל {road}",
+  "Make a U-turn": "בצע פניית פרסה",
+  "Continue straight onto {road}": "המשך ישר אל {road}",
+  "Continue straight": "המשך ישר",
+  "Turn {direction} onto {road}": "פנה {direction} אל {road}",
+  "Turn {direction}": "פנה {direction}",
+  "Turn onto {road}": "פנה אל {road}",
+  "maneuver|Turn": "פנייה",
+  "Continue {direction} onto {road}": "המשך {direction} אל {road}",
+  "Continue {direction}": "המשך {direction}",
+  "At the end of the road, turn {direction} onto {road}": "בקצה הכביש, פנה {direction} אל {road}",
+  "At the end of the road, turn {direction}": "בקצה הכביש, פנה {direction}",
+  "At the end of the road, continue onto {road}": "בקצה הכביש, המשך אל {road}",
+  "At the end of the road, continue": "בקצה הכביש, המשך",
+  "Keep {direction} at the fork onto {road}": "הישאר {direction} בפיצול אל {road}",
+  "Keep {direction} at the fork": "הישאר {direction} בפיצול",
+  "Continue at the fork onto {road}": "המשך בפיצול אל {road}",
+  "Continue at the fork": "המשך בפיצול",
+  "Merge {direction} onto {road}": "השתלב {direction} אל {road}",
+  "Merge {direction}": "השתלב {direction}",
+  "Merge onto {road}": "השתלב אל {road}",
+  "maneuver|Merge": "שילוב",
+  "Take the ramp on the {direction} onto {road}": "היכנס לכביש הגישה {direction} אל {road}",
+  "Take the ramp on the {direction}": "היכנס לכביש הגישה {direction}",
+  "Take the ramp {direction} onto {road}": "היכנס לכביש הגישה {direction} אל {road}",
+  "Take the ramp {direction}": "היכנס לכביש הגישה {direction}",
+  "Take the ramp onto {road}": "היכנס לכביש הגישה אל {road}",
+  "Take the ramp": "היכנס לכביש הגישה",
+  "Take the exit on the {direction} onto {road}": "קח את היציאה {direction} אל {road}",
+  "Take the exit on the {direction}": "קח את היציאה {direction}",
+  "Take the exit {direction} onto {road}": "קח את היציאה {direction} אל {road}",
+  "Take the exit {direction}": "קח את היציאה {direction}",
+  "Take the exit onto {road}": "קח את היציאה אל {road}",
+  "Take the exit": "קח את היציאה",
+  "At the roundabout, take the {exit} exit onto {road}": "במעגל התנועה, היכנס ליציאה {exit} אל {road}",
+  "At the roundabout, take the {exit} exit": "במעגל התנועה, היכנס ליציאה {exit}",
+  "Enter the roundabout onto {road}": "היכנס למעגל התנועה אל {road}",
+  "Enter the roundabout": "היכנס למעגל התנועה",
+  "At the roundabout, turn {direction} onto {road}": "במעגל התנועה, פנה {direction} אל {road}",
+  "At the roundabout, turn {direction}": "במעגל התנועה, פנה {direction}",
+  "At the roundabout, continue onto {road}": "במעגל התנועה, המשך אל {road}",
+  "At the roundabout, continue": "במעגל התנועה, המשך",
+  "Exit the roundabout onto {road}": "צא ממעגל התנועה אל {road}",
+  "Exit the roundabout": "צא ממעגל התנועה",
+  "Use the {direction} lane onto {road}": "השתמש בנתיב {direction} אל {road}",
+  "Use the {direction} lane": "השתמש בנתיב {direction}",
+  "Continue onto {road}": "המשך אל {road}",
+  "maneuver|Continue": "המשך",
+  "{mode} — reroute for {modeLower}": "{mode} — ניתוב מחדש עבור {modeLower}",
+  "CLICK MAP": "לחץ על המפה",
+  "SET A": "קבע A",
+  "Click a spot on the globe to place A (click again to cancel)": "לחץ על נקודה בגלובוס כדי לקבוע את A (לחיצה נוספת מבטלת)",
+  "Then click the globe to place the start": "ואז לחץ על הגלובוס להצבת ההתחלה",
+  "SET B": "קבע B",
+  "Click a spot on the globe to place B (click again to cancel)": "לחץ על נקודה בגלובוס כדי לקבוע את B (לחיצה נוספת מבטלת)",
+  "Then click the globe to place the destination": "ואז לחץ על הגלובוס להצבת היעד",
+  "Swap A and B": "החלפה בין A ל-B",
+  "FLY ···": "עף ···",
+  "FLYING": "בטיסה",
+  "FLY": "עף",
+  "Fly the camera along the route": "עיפה את המצלמה לאורך המסלול",
+  "Place A and B first": "קבע קודם את A ו-B",
+  "action|CLEAR": "נקה",
+  "Remove the route and both markers": "הסרת המסלול ושני הסמנים",
+  "press Escape twice to leave Draw": "הקש Escape פעמיים כדי לצאת משרטוט",
+  "{name} is active — turn {name} off, then set {endpoint}": "{name} פעיל — כבה את {name} ואז קבע את {endpoint}",
+  "{name} is active — {leave}, then set {endpoint}": "{name} פעיל — {leave} ואז קבע את {endpoint}",
+  "Only the first {count} turns of this route are shown": "מוצגים רק {count} הפניות הראשונות של המסלול הזה",
+  "Turn-by-turn directions": "הכוונה צעד אחר צעד",
+  "Another map tool is using clicks — close it, then SET A again": "כלי מפה אחר משתמש בלחיצות — סגור אותו ואז קבע A שוב",
+  "Routing…": "מחשב מסלול…",
+  "No route found": "לא נמצא מסלול",
+  "{distance} · {duration} · {mode} · first {count} turns": "{distance} · {duration} · {mode} · {count} הפניות הראשונות",
+  "{distance} · {duration} · {mode}": "{distance} · {duration} · {mode}",
+  "Click the globe to place {endpoint}": "לחץ על הגלובוס כדי לקבוע את {endpoint}",
+  "SET B, then click the globe": "קבע B ואז לחץ על הגלובוס",
+  "SET A, then click the globe": "קבע A ואז לחץ על הגלובוס",
+  "Step {step} of {total} · then {leg}": "שלב {step} מתוך {total} · ואז {leg}",
+  "Step {step} of {total}": "שלב {step} מתוך {total}",
+  "Then: {instruction}": "ואז: {instruction}",
+  "No route found between A and B": "לא נמצא מסלול בין A ל-B",
+  "Routing timed out": "חישוב המסלול חרג מהזמן הקצוב",
+  "Routing unavailable — no response from the routing service": "ניתוב אינו זמין — אין תשובה משירות הניתוב",
+  "{lower} to {upper}": "{lower} עד {upper}",
+  "Up to {upper}": "עד {upper}",
+  "From {lower}": "מ-{lower}",
+  "Informational only · not for flight planning": "למידע בלבד · לא לתכנון טיסה",
+  "Unnamed zone": "אזור ללא שם",
+  "Restricted airspace source unavailable": "מקור שמורות הטיס אינו זמין",
+  "Prohibited (P)": "אסור (P)",
+  "Restricted (R)": "שמור (R)",
+  "FAA prohibited and restricted special-use airspace only, not the UAS Facility Map or UAS flight restrictions. Informational only — not a substitute for official UAS flight-planning tools (B4UFLY / LAANC).": "שמורות טיס ושמיים מיוחדים אסורים של ה-FAA בלבד, לא מפת ה-UAS Facility או מגבלות טיסה של UAS. למידע בלבד — אינו תחליף לכלי תכנון טיסה רשמיים של UAS (B4UFLY / LAANC).",
+  "Prohibited": "אסור",
+  "Restricted": "שמור",
+  "Earthquake source unavailable": "מקור רעידות האדמה אינו זמין",
+  "Focus fire detection {title}, {details}": "התמקדות בזיהוי שריפה {title}, {details}",
+  "live feed unavailable": "פיד חי אינו זמין",
+  "{value} conf": "ודאות {value}",
+  "{value} ago": "לפני {value}",
+  "sensor n/a": "חיישן לא זמין",
+  "FIRE · {frp} MW": "שריפה · {frp} MW",
+  "NIGHT": "לילה",
+  "▲ {frp} MW": "▲ {frp} MW",
+  "max {value} MW": "מקס {value} MW",
+  "new {value}": "חדש לפני {value}",
+  "{n} fires": {
+    "one": "{n} שריפות",
+    "two": "{n} שריפות",
+    "other": "{n} שריפות"
+  },
+  "{value}°N": "{value}°N",
+  "{value}°S": "{value}°S",
+  "{value}°E": "{value}°E",
+  "{value}°W": "{value}°W",
+  "just now": "כרגע",
+  "<1m ago": "לפני פחות מדקה",
+  "{count}m ago": "לפני {count} דק'",
+  "{count}h ago": "לפני {count} שע'",
+  "fire confidence|high": "גבוהה",
+  "fire confidence|nominal": "רגילה",
+  "fire confidence|low": "נמוכה",
+  "age|<1h": "פחות משעה",
+  "age|{count}h": "{count} שעות",
+  "age|{count}d": "{count} ימים",
+  "fire confidence filter|All": "הכול",
+  "fire confidence filter|Nominal+": "רגילה+",
+  "fire confidence filter|High": "גבוהה",
+  "Every detection — many of the strongest fires are rated low confidence": "כל זיהוי — חלק מהשריפות החזקות ביותר מדורגות בוודאות נמוכה",
+  "Nominal and high confidence detections": "זיהויים בוודאות רגילה וגבוהה",
+  "High confidence detections only": "זיהויים בוודאות גבוהה בלבד",
+  "Fire intensity (FRP)": "עוצמת השריפה (FRP)",
+  "Minimum fire radiative power, megawatts": "ספק קרינת שריפה מינימלי, מגה-ואט",
+  "≥ {value} MW": "≥ {value} MW",
+  "fire intensity filter|All": "הכול",
+  "Confidence": "ודאות",
+  "Detection confidence": "ודאת הזיהוי",
+  "{shown} of {total} shown": "{shown} מתוך {total} מוצגים",
+  "STALE · cached {age}": "מיושן · מהמטמון לפני {age}",
+  "refreshing...": "מרענן...",
+  "loading...": "טוען...",
+  "KEY REQUIRED": "נדרש מפתח",
+  "LIVE · updated {age}": "חי · עודכן לפני {age}",
+  "FIRE": "שריפה",
+  "Source snapshot time unavailable": "זמן תמונת המצב של המקור אינו זמין",
+  "Live data unavailable": "נתונים חיים אינם זמינים",
+  "Intel Picture": "Intel Picture",
+  "Kinetic 30d": "Kinetic 30d",
+  "Border Crisis": "Border Crisis",
+  "Iran Picture": "Iran Picture",
+  "Iran Kinetic": "Iran Kinetic",
+  "Yemen FLOT": "Yemen FLOT",
+  "Latest Drop": "Latest Drop",
+  "GhostMaps file could not be read": "קובץ GhostMaps לא ניתן לקריאה",
+  "{count} source links ↗ · click card to open the first": {
+    "one": "{count} קישור מקור ↗ · לחץ על הכרטיס לפתיחת הראשון",
+    "two": "{count} קישורי מקור ↗ · לחץ על הכרטיס לפתיחת הראשון",
+    "other": "{count} קישורי מקור ↗ · לחץ על הכרטיס לפתיחת הראשון"
+  },
+  "S2 · {name}": "S2 · {name}",
+  "Report": "דוח",
+  "Open the source for {title}": "פתיחת המקור של {title}",
+  "GhostMaps catalog unavailable": "קטלוג GhostMaps אינו זמין",
+  "LIVE · GitHub {commit} · {message} · checked every {seconds}s": "חי · GitHub {commit} · {message} · בדיקה כל {seconds} שניות",
+  "GitHub {commit} · {message} · reconnecting for live updates": "GitHub {commit} · {message} · מתחבר מחדש לעדכונים חיים",
+  "Connecting to the S2 GhostMaps repository…": "מתחבר למאגר S2 GhostMaps…",
+  "{count} placemarks": {
+    "one": "{count} סימון מקום",
+    "two": "{count} סימני מקום",
+    "other": "{count} סימני מקום"
+  },
+  "S2 Underground publishes these KMZ products to GitHub. New uploads are detected within seconds and replace the previous edition automatically. Click a marker for its report.": "S2 Underground מפרסם את מוצרי ה-KMZ האלה ב-GitHub. העלאות חדשות מזוהות בתוך שניות ומחליפות אוטומטית את המהדורה הקודמת. לחץ על סמן לדוח שלו.",
+  "Malformed GhostMaps catalog": "קטלוג GhostMaps פגום",
+  "Low-accuracy score < 2%": "ציון דיוק נמוך פחות מ-2%",
+  "Low-accuracy score 2–10%": "ציון דיוק נמוך 2–10%",
+  "Low-accuracy score > 10%": "ציון דיוק נמוך מעל 10%",
+  "GNSS integrity source unavailable": "מקור שלמות ה-GNSS אינו זמין",
+  "Regional sample · 250 nm radius · cells from visited views over {minutes} min": "דגימה אזורית · רדיוס 250 מייל ימי · תאים מתצפיות שביקרת על פני {minutes} דק",
+  "Retrying automatically at {time} UTC": "מנסה שוב אוטומטית ב-{time} UTC",
+  "Retrying automatically after provider cooldown": "מנסה שוב אוטומטית אחרי קירור הספק",
+  "Updates automatically after pan or zoom and once a minute. The public feed covers a 250-nautical-mile circle around the view centre; zooming out does not make it a worldwide snapshot. Blank cells are outside sampled coverage or have insufficient observations.": "מתעדכן אוטומטית אחרי הזזה או זום ופעם בדקה. הפיד הציבורי מכסה מעגל של 250 מייל ימי סביב מרכז התצוגה; זום החוצה לא הופך אותו לתמונת-מצב עולמית. תאים ריקים נמצאים מחוץ לדגימה או חסרי תצפיות דיין.",
+  "Low-accuracy score = 100 × max(0, bad − 1) / total: one aircraft is discounted, so this is not the raw share. Cells need {aircraft} aircraft over {minutes} minutes. Navigation-integrity anomalies are not a detection of jamming or spoofing.": "ציון דיוק נמוך = 100 × מקס(0, פגומים − 1) / סה\"כ: מטוס אחד מנוכה, ולכן זה אינו השבר הגולמי. לתאים דרושים {aircraft} מטוסים על פני {minutes} דקות. אנומליות שלמות ניווט אינן זיהוי של שיבוש או הטעיה.",
+  "GNSS snapshot needs a view anchor": "תמונת מצב GNSS דורשת עוגן תצוגה",
+  "GNSS feed rate limited (HTTP 429)": "פיד GNSS מוגבל בקצב (HTTP 429)",
+  "Malformed GNSS integrity snapshot": "תמונת מצב שלמות GNSS פגומה",
+  "GNSS integrity snapshot has no observation time": "תמונת מצב שלמות GNSS חסרה זמן תצפית",
+  "installation class|AIRFIELD": "שדה תעופה",
+  "installation class|NAVAL BASE": "בסיס ימי",
+  "installation class|RANGE": "שטח אש",
+  "installation class|MILITARY LAND": "שטח צבאי",
+  "installation class|BASE": "בסיס",
+  "installation class|BARRACKS": "מחנה",
+  "installation class|TRAINING AREA": "שטח אימונים",
+  "installation class|PLACES CANDIDATE": "מועמד למקומות",
+  "installation class|INSTALLATION": "מתקן",
+  "No mapped sites within {km} km of the contact": "אין אתרים ממופים בטווח {km} ק\"מ מהמגע",
+  "{count} mapped sites within {km} km of the contact": {
+    "one": "{count} אתרים ממופים בטווח {km} ק\"מ מהמגע",
+    "two": "{count} אתרים ממופים בטווח {km} ק\"מ מהמגע",
+    "other": "{count} אתרים ממופים בטווח {km} ק\"מ מהמגע"
+  },
+  "No mapped sites in view": "אין אתרים ממופים בתצוגה",
+  "{count} mapped sites in view": {
+    "one": "{count} אתרים ממופים בתצוגה",
+    "two": "{count} אתרים ממופים בתצוגה",
+    "other": "{count} אתרים ממופים בתצוגה"
+  },
+  "loading mapped installation context": "טוען הקשר מתקנים ממופים",
+  "Too many mapped sites in view to list them all": "יותר מדי אתרים ממופים בתצוגה מכדי להציג את כולם",
+  "Installation context unavailable": "הקשר המתקן אינו זמין",
+  "MAPPED INSTALLATION": "מתקן ממופה",
+  "Unknown": "לא ידוע",
+  "LAUNCH SITE · {site}": "אתר שיגור · {site}",
+  "LAUNCH SITE": "אתר שיגור",
+  "T−{time} · {mission}": "T−{time} · {mission}",
+  "LAUNCH STANDBY": "המתנה לשיגור",
+  "LIFTOFF · {mission}": "ניתוק מהקרקע · {mission}",
+  "ASCENT REPLAY · {mission}": "שחזור עלייה · {mission}",
+  "ASCENT ESTIMATE · {mission}": "הערכת עלייה · {mission}",
+  "STAGE RE-ENTRY / RECOVERY · {mission}": "חדירה חזרה / שחזור שלב · {mission}",
+  "ORBIT REPLAY · {mission}": "שחזור מסלול · {mission}",
+  "PAUSED · {title}": "מושהה · {title}",
+  "CONFIRMED": "מאושר",
+  "PAD / RTLS": "פלטפורמה / RTLS",
+  "UNSPECIFIED": "לא צוין",
+  "{value} KM DOWNRANGE": "{value} ק\"מ במורד הטווח",
+  "POSITION UNAVAILABLE": "מיקום אינו זמין",
+  "FLIGHT {count}": "טיסה {count}",
+  "REUSED": "משומש",
+  "+{count} additional payload records": "+{count} רשומות מטען נוספות",
+  "Select {mission}": "בחר את {mission}",
+  "UNSPECIFIED OPERATOR": "מפעיל לא צוין",
+  "DATE UNAVAILABLE": "תאריך אינו זמין",
+  "{count} / 30D": "{count} / 30D",
+  "NO MISSIONS AVAILABLE IN THE CURRENT 30-DAY WINDOW": "אין משימות זמינות בחלון 30 הימים הנוכחי",
+  "{value} KM": "{value} ק\"מ",
+  "{value} KM/S": "{value} ק\"מ/ש",
+  "EST. DOWNRANGE": "הערכה במורד הטווח",
+  "PLANNED · ": "מתוכנן · ",
+  "SUPPLIED TRAJECTORY POINTS": "נקודות מסלול שסופקו",
+  "RECONSTRUCTED ESTIMATE": "הערכת שחזור",
+  "Resume replay": "המשך השמעה חוזרת",
+  "Pause replay": "השהה השמעה חוזרת",
+  "T minus {seconds}": "נותרו {seconds} שניות לשיגור",
+  "Preparing launch site": "מכין את אתר השיגור",
+  "Liftoff": "ניתוק",
+  "Ascent replay": "שחזור עלייה",
+  "Orbit replay": "שחזור מסלול",
+  ", paused": ", מושהה",
+  "Malformed launch snapshot": "תמונת מצב שיגור פגומה",
+  "Heard by your receiver": "נקלט במקלט שלך",
+  "1090 MHz": "1090 MHz",
+  "978 MHz UAT": "978 MHz UAT",
+  "browser SDR": "SDR דפדפן",
+  "decoder feed": "פיד דקודר",
+  "Your RTL-SDR receiver and decoder feed": "מקלט ה-RTL-SDR שלך ופיד הדקודר",
+  "Your decoder feed": "פיד הדקודר שלך",
+  "Your RTL-SDR receiver": "מקלט ה-RTL-SDR שלך",
+  "NO CALLSIGN": "אין קריאת קוד",
+  "ALT {altitude} FT · GS {speed} KT · TRK {track}": "ALT {altitude} FT · GS {speed} KT · TRK {track}",
+  "V/S {rate}": "V/S {rate}",
+  "V/S {rate} FPM": "V/S {rate} FPM",
+  "POSITION {age}": "מיקום לפני {age}",
+  "POSITION {seconds} S AGO": "מיקום לפני {seconds} שניות",
+  "{count} MSGS": {
+    "one": "{count} הודעות",
+    "two": "{count} הודעות",
+    "other": "{count} הודעות"
+  },
+  "Decoder feeds": "פידי דקודר",
+  "WebUSB + decoder feeds": "WebUSB + פידי דקודר",
+  "opening receiver": "פותח מקלט",
+  "checking decoder feeds": "בודק פידי דקודר",
+  "WebUSB needs desktop Chrome or Edge": "WebUSB דורש Chrome או Edge במחשב",
+  "connect a receiver in Radio": "חבר מקלט ברדיו",
+  "receiver is in FM mode": "המקלט במצב FM",
+  "listening": "מקשיב",
+  "USB error": "שגיאת USB",
+  "Alt unknown": "גובה לא ידוע",
+  "Type unknown": "סוג לא ידוע",
+  "Reg unknown": "רישום לא ידוע",
+  "Operator unknown": "מפעיל לא ידוע",
+  "Voice place search (needs an Overpass server)": "חיפוש מקומות בקול (דורש שרת Overpass)",
+  "${amount}K": "${amount}K",
+  "${amount}M": "${amount}M",
+  "${amount}B": "${amount}B",
+  "fire cause|Human": "אנושית",
+  "fire cause|Natural": "טבעית",
+  "fire cause|Undetermined": "לא נקבעה",
+  "fire cause|Unknown": "לא ידועה",
+  "fire behavior|Minimal": "מינימלי",
+  "fire behavior|Moderate": "בינוני",
+  "fire behavior|Active": "פעיל",
+  "fire behavior|Extreme": "קיצוני",
+  "Type {level} Incident": "אירוע מדרגה {level}",
+  "age|{count}m": "{count} דקות",
+  "{acres} ac": {
+    "one": "{acres} אקר",
+    "two": "{acres} אקר",
+    "other": "{acres} אקר"
+  },
+  "{percent}% contained": "{percent}% בהכלה",
+  "containment unknown": "הכלה לא ידועה",
+  "{cause} cause": "סיבה {cause}",
+  "{personnel} personnel": {
+    "one": "{personnel} כוח אדם",
+    "two": "{personnel} כוח אדם",
+    "other": "{personnel} כוח אדם"
+  },
+  "{county} County": "מחוז {county}",
+  "{cost} to date": "{cost} עד כה",
+  "discovered {age} ago": "התגלה לפני {age}",
+  "updated {age} ago": "עודכן לפני {age}",
+  "part of {complex}": "חלק מ-{complex}",
+  "InciWeb ↗ · click card to open": "InciWeb ↗ · לחץ על הכרטיס לפתיחה",
+  "FIRE · {name}": "שריפה · {name}",
+  "Unnamed incident": "אירוע ללא שם",
+  "Open {title} on InciWeb": "פתיחת {title} ב-InciWeb",
+  "Perimeter source unavailable": "מקור ההיקף אינו זמין",
+  "Not contained or unknown": "לא הוכל או לא ידוע",
+  "Under 50% contained": "הכלה מתחת ל-50%",
+  "50–99% contained": "הכלה 50–99%",
+  "Fully contained": "הכלה מלאה",
+  "Colour shows reported containment. Perimeters are simplified to about 100 m.": "הצבע מציג את ההכלה שדווחה. ההיקפים מפושטים לכ-100 מ׳.",
+  "Malformed perimeter snapshot": "תמונת מצב היקף פגומה",
+  "radio tag|All": "הכול",
+  "News": "חדשות",
+  "Talk": "שיחות",
+  "Weather / Emergency": "מזג אוויר / חירום",
+  "Public Safety": "ביטחון הפנים",
+  "Aviation / Marine": "תעופה / ימי",
+  "Traffic / Transit": "תנועה / תחבורה",
+  "Music": "מוזיקה",
+  "Other": "אחר",
+  "Directory refresh degraded; showing the previous station catalog.": "רענון המדריך בהידרדרות; מציג את קטלוג התחנות הקודם.",
+  "Radio directory coverage is degraded.": "כיסוי מדריך הרדיו מופחת.",
+  "Directory refresh failed; showing the previous station catalog.": "רענון המדריך נכשל; מציג את קטלוג התחנות הקודם.",
+  "Radio directory is temporarily unavailable.": "מדריך הרדיו אינו זמין כרגע.",
+  "radio|NEWS": "חדשות",
+  "radio|TALK": "שיחות",
+  "radio|WEATHER": "מזג אוויר",
+  "radio|SAFETY": "ביטחון",
+  "radio|AIR / SEA": "אוויר / ים",
+  "radio|TRANSIT": "תחבורה",
+  "radio|MUSIC": "מוזיקה",
+  "radio|OTHER": "אחר",
+  "Broadcaster stream is unavailable or blocked by the browser.": "הזרמת המשדר אינה זמינה או נחסמת על ידי הדפדפן.",
+  "Playback requires a direct click or tap.": "ההשמעה דורשת לחיצה או הקשה ישירה.",
+  "Broadcaster stream could not be started.": "לא ניתן להתחיל הזרמה מהמשדר.",
+  "Alternative": "אלטרנטיבי",
+  "Ambient": "אמביינט",
+  "Blues": "בלוז",
+  "Classical": "קלאסי",
+  "Country": "קאנטרי",
+  "Dance": "דאנס",
+  "Electronic": "אלקטרוני",
+  "Folk": "פולק",
+  "Funk": "פאנק",
+  "Hip-Hop": "היפ-הופ",
+  "House": "האוס",
+  "Indie": "אינדי",
+  "Jazz": "ג׳אז",
+  "Latin": "לטיני",
+  "Metal": "מטאל",
+  "Oldies": "קלאסיקות",
+  "Pop": "פופ",
+  "Punk": "פאנק",
+  "R&B": "R&B",
+  "Reggae": "רגאיי",
+  "Rock": "רוק",
+  "Soul": "סול",
+  "Techno": "טכנו",
+  "Trance": "טראנס",
+  "World": "עולמית",
+  "overview": "סקירה",
+  "cloud unknown": "עננות לא ידועה",
+  "{percent}% scene cloud": "{percent}% עננות בסצנה",
+  "{min}–{max}% scene cloud": "{min}–{max}% עננות בסצנה",
+  "Comparison in use by another scene": "ההשוואה בשימוש של סצנה אחרת",
+  "Esri map unavailable · no swipe": "מפת Esri אינה זמינה · אין החלקה",
+  "Swipe needs a globe map": "ההחלקה דורשת מפת גלובוס",
+  "Imagery stays on Esri · CLEAR to use Google 3D": "הצילומים נשארים ב-Esri · נקה כדי להשתמש ב-Google 3D",
+  "Imagery catalog unavailable": "קטלוג הצילומים אינו זמין",
+  "Catalog truncated · a newer clear day may exist": "הקטלוג נחתך · ייתכן שקיים יום בהיר חדש יותר",
+  "{label} catalog unavailable · {detail}": "קטלוג {label} אינו זמין · {detail}",
+  "Daily overview for today may still be empty until the pass": "הסקירה היומית של היום עשויה להישאר ריקה עד המעבר",
+  "Search cancelled": "החיפוש בוטל",
+  "Box and images cleared": "התיבה והתמונות נוקו",
+  "MORE DETAIL · 30 m": "יותר פירוט · 30 מ׳",
+  "Sentinel-2 and Landsat via HLS, 30 m, every 2–6 days": "Sentinel-2 ו-Landsat דרך HLS, 30 מ׳, כל 2–6 ימים",
+  "DAILY OVERVIEW · 250 m": "סקירה יומית · 250 מ׳",
+  "VIIRS daily mosaic, 250 m, follows broad changes; little detail under 25 km": "פסיפס יומי של VIIRS, 250 מ׳, עוקב אחר שינויים רחבים; פירוט מעט מתחת ל-25 ק\"מ",
+  "Sentinel-2": "Sentinel-2",
+  "Sentinel-2 via HLS": "Sentinel-2 דרך HLS",
+  "Landsat 8/9": "Landsat 8/9",
+  "Landsat 8/9 via HLS": "Landsat 8/9 דרך HLS",
+  "Daily overview": "סקירה יומית",
+  "Box edges must be finite": "קצוות התיבה חייבים להיות סופיים",
+  "Longitudes must be within ±180°": "קווי האורך חייבים להיות בתוך ±180°",
+  "Select one side of the dateline": "בחר צד אחד של קו התאריך",
+  "Box must enclose an area": "התיבה חייבת לכלול שטח",
+  "Add the full Starlink broadband shell (thousands of extra points)": "הוספת מעטפת הפס-הרחב המלאה של Starlink (אלפי נקודות נוספות)",
+  "Loading the Starlink shell…": "טוען את מעטפת Starlink…",
+  "Starlink {detail} — click to retry": "Starlink {detail} — לחץ לניסיון חוזר",
+  "load failed": "הטעינה נכשלה",
+  "Showing the full Starlink shell — click for the core catalog only": "מציג את מעטפת Starlink המלאה — לחץ לקטלוג הליבה בלבד",
+  "DENSE ···": "דחוס ···",
+  "DENSE ✕": "דחוס ✕",
+  "DENSE": "דחוס",
+  "CelesTrak unreachable": "CelesTrak אינו נגיש",
+  "DOCKED · {name} · +{extra}": "עגן · {name} · +{extra}",
+  "DOCKED · {name}": "עגן · {name}",
+  "{name} needs the Google 3D map: choose it under MAP SOURCE": "{name} דורש את מפת Google 3D: בחר בה תחת מקור המפה",
+  "zoom in to a street to open {name}": "התקרב לרחוב כדי לפתוח {name}",
+  "loading coverage...": "טוען כיסוי...",
+  "No street-level imagery within {radius} m of that point": "אין צילומי רחוב בטווח {radius} מ׳ מאותה נקודה",
+  "No street-level imagery within {radius} m of the view centre": "אין צילומי רחוב בטווח {radius} מ׳ ממרכז התצוגה",
+  "Zoom in to see street-level coverage": "התקרב כדי לראות כיסוי רחוב",
+  "Point the camera at the ground for street-level coverage": "כוון את המצלמה אל הקרקע כדי לראות כיסוי רחוב",
+  "Coverage tile failed": "אריח הכיסוי נכשל",
+  "The photo could not be loaded": "את התמונה לא ניתן לטעון",
+  "{name} photo. ← and → step along the sequence. On a 360° photo, drag or use Shift+← →, ↑ ↓ to look around, and + − to zoom": "תמונה של {name}. ← ו-→ דורכים ברצף. בתמונת 360°, גרור או השתמש ב-Shift+← →, ↑ ↓ להבט מסביב, ו-+ − לזום",
+  "{name} street-level photo": "תמונת רחוב של {name}",
+  "Previous photo in this sequence (←)": "התמונה הקודמת ברצף הזה (←)",
+  "Next photo in this sequence (→)": "התמונה הבאה ברצף הזה (→)",
+  "Aim the middle of the view at a street to look for imagery there": "כוון את מרכז התצוגה אל רחוב כדי לחפש בו צילומים",
+  "KEY REJECTED": "המפתח נדחה",
+  "GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY is not set": "GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY אינו מוגדר",
+  "The Google Maps JavaScript API could not load": "Google Maps JavaScript API לא נטען",
+  "Google Street View": "Google Street View",
+  "GOOGLE STREET VIEW": "GOOGLE STREET VIEW",
+  "Google refused GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY for Street View — check that the Maps JavaScript API is enabled for it and this site is an allowed referrer": "Google דחה את GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY עבור Street View — ודא ש-Maps JavaScript API מופעל עבורו ושהאתר הזה הוא מפנה מורשה",
+  "Street View did not answer — check the network, and that the Maps JavaScript API is enabled for GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY": "Street View לא ענה — בדוק את הרשת, וש-Maps JavaScript API מופעל עבור GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY",
+  "click a street to open Street View": "לחץ על רחוב לפתיחת Street View",
+  "Street View has no imagery for this place": "אין צילום Street View למקום הזה",
+  "KartaView has no position for this photo": "לתמונת KartaView הזאת אין מיקום",
+  "The KartaView photo could not be loaded": "את תמונת KartaView לא ניתן לטעון",
+  "zoom in to see KartaView coverage": "התקרב לצפייה בכיסוי KartaView",
+  "no KartaView photos in view": "אין תמונות KartaView בתצוגה",
+  "KartaView is rate-limiting requests — they resume on their own": "KartaView מגביל את קצב הבקשות — הן חוזרות מעצמן",
+  "KartaView’s photos here are archived and cannot be shown": "תמונות KartaView כאן בארכיון ולא ניתן להציגן",
+  "KartaView did not filter this area in time — move the map to ask again": "KartaView לא סינן את האזור בזמן — הזז את המפה כדי לשאול שוב",
+  "None of KartaView’s photos here pass the imagery filter": "אף תמונת KartaView כאן לא עוברת את מסנן הצילומים",
+  "KartaView did not answer in time — try again": "KartaView לא ענה בזמן — נסה שוב",
+  "KartaView could not be reached — check the network": "KartaView לא נגיש — בדוק את הרשת",
+  "KartaView sent an answer that could not be read": "KartaView שלח תשובה שלא ניתן לקרוא",
+  "KartaView is rate-limiting requests": "KartaView מגביל את קצב הבקשות",
+  "KartaView sent too much data": "KartaView שלח יותר מדי נתונים",
+  "KartaView is rate-limiting requests — try again in a moment": "KartaView מגביל את קצב הבקשות — נסה שוב בעוד רגע",
+  "KartaView has no such photo": "אין ל-KartaView את התמונה הזאת",
+  "Mapillary rejected MAPILLARY_CLIENT_TOKEN — replace it in Provider Settings": "Mapillary דחה את MAPILLARY_CLIENT_TOKEN — החלף אותו בהגדרות הספקים",
+  "Coverage requests are being rate-limited — they resume on their own": "בקשות הכיסוי מוגבלות בקצב — הן חוזרות מעצמן",
+  "The Panoramax photo could not be loaded": "את תמונת Panoramax לא ניתן לטעון",
+  "Panoramax is busy — coverage resumes on its own": "Panoramax עסוק — הכיסוי חוזר מעצמו",
+  "no Panoramax photos in view": "אין תמונות Panoramax בתצוגה",
+  "no Panoramax photos here match the filters": "אין תמונות Panoramax כאן שתואמות את המסננים",
+  "Panoramax sent a map tile that could not be read": "Panoramax שלח אריח מפה שלא ניתן לקרוא",
+  "This Panoramax photo is no longer available": "תמונת ה-Panoramax הזאת כבר אינה זמינה",
+  "zoom in to see Panoramax coverage": "התקרב לצפייה בכיסוי Panoramax",
+  "Panoramax did not answer in time — try again": "Panoramax לא ענה בזמן — נסה שוב",
+  "Panoramax could not be reached — check the connection": "Panoramax אינו נגיש — בדוק את החיבור",
+  "Panoramax sent too much data": "Panoramax שלח יותר מדי נתונים",
+  "Panoramax is busy": "Panoramax עסוק",
+  "Panoramax sent an unreadable answer": "Panoramax שלח תשובה שלא ניתן לקרוא",
+  "Sequence images unavailable": "תמונות הרצף אינן זמינות",
+  "No street-level imagery providers configured": "לא הוגדרו ספקי צילומי רחוב",
+  "(by upload date)": "(לפי תאריך העלאה)",
+  "Open the Street Level panel to view imagery": "פתח את פאנל Street Level לצפייה בצילומים",
+  "Image could not be opened": "את התמונה לא ניתן לפתוח",
+  "TeleGeography load failed": "טעינת TeleGeography נכשלה",
+  "UNAVAILABLE · {source} · Roads unavailable": "לא זמין · {source} · כבישים אינם זמינים",
+  "Roads: {source}": "כבישים: {source}",
+  "TomTom roads unavailable while the traffic service is unreachable": "כבישי TomTom אינם זמינים בזמן ששירות התנועה אינו נגיש",
+  "Hybrid unavailable while the traffic service is unreachable": "היברידי אינו זמין בזמן ששירות התנועה אינו נגיש",
+  "TomTom roads need a TomTom key": "כבישי TomTom דורשים מפתח TomTom",
+  "Hybrid needs a TomTom key": "היברידי דורש מפתח TomTom",
+  "Local surface still loading": "המשטח המקומי עדיין בטעינה",
+  "Partial coverage": "כיסוי חלקי",
+  "Detailed roads unavailable": "כבישים מפורטים אינם זמינים",
+  "Reduced detail coverage": "כיסוי בפירוט מופחת",
+  "TomTom roads only, each with its live flow": "כבישי TomTom בלבד, לכל אחד זרימה חיה משלו",
+  "TomTom roads only, each with its live flow (needs a TomTom key)": "כבישי TomTom בלבד, לכל אחד זרימה חיה משלו (דורש מפתח TomTom)",
+  "OpenStreetMap roads, with TomTom flow matched when available": "כבישי OpenStreetMap, עם התאמת זרימת TomTom כשזמינה",
+  "TomTom roads first; OpenStreetMap fills the rest, simulated": "כבישי TomTom קודם; OpenStreetMap משלים את היתר, מדומים",
+  "TomTom roads first; OpenStreetMap fills the rest, simulated (needs a TomTom key)": "כבישי TomTom קודם; OpenStreetMap משלים את היתר, מדומים (דורש מפתח TomTom)",
+  "Hybrid": "היברידי",
+  "TomTom key unavailable": "מפתח TomTom אינו זמין",
+  "TomTom daily budget reached": "תקציב TomTom היומי אזל",
+  "TomTom upstream unreachable": "שירות TomTom אינו נגיש",
+  "TomTom flow unavailable": "זרימת TomTom אינה זמינה",
+  "SIMULATED — {reason}": "מדומה — {reason}",
+  "STALE · Roads: {source} · Flow: cached TomTom tiles": "מיושן · כבישים: {source} · זרימה: אריחי TomTom מהמטמון",
+  "Syncing flow · Roads: {source}": "מסנכרן זרימה · כבישים: {source}",
+  "LIVE · Roads: {source} · Roads without flow hidden": "חי · כבישים: {source} · כבישים ללא זרימה מוסתרים",
+  "LIVE · Roads: {source} · No flow roads in view": "חי · כבישים: {source} · אין כבישי זרימה בתצוגה",
+  "LIVE · Roads: {source} · Flow {percent}%": "חי · כבישים: {source} · זרימה {percent}%",
+  "SIMULATED · Roads: {source} · Flow {percent}%": "מדומה · כבישים: {source} · זרימה {percent}%",
+  "Syncing flow · Roads: OpenStreetMap · Flow: TomTom · Unmatched: simulated": "מסנכרן זרימה · כבישים: OpenStreetMap · זרימה: TomTom · בלתי מתואמים: מדומים",
+  "LIVE · Roads: OpenStreetMap · Flow: TomTom · {percent}% cov · Unmatched: simulated": "חי · כבישים: OpenStreetMap · זרימה: TomTom · {percent}% כיסוי · בלתי מתואמים: מדומים",
+  "LIVE · Roads: OpenStreetMap · Flow: TomTom · {percent}% cov": "חי · כבישים: OpenStreetMap · זרימה: TomTom · {percent}% כיסוי",
+  "SIMULATED · Roads: OpenStreetMap · Flow: TomTom (no matches)": "מדומה · כבישים: OpenStreetMap · זרימה: TomTom (אין התאמות)",
+  "SIMULATED — traffic service unreachable": "מדומה — שירות התנועה אינו נגיש",
+  "SIMULATED — add TomTom key for live": "מדומה — הוסף מפתח TomTom לחי",
+  "OpenFreeMap tiles rate-limited": "אריחי OpenFreeMap מוגבלים בקצב",
+  "OpenFreeMap tiles timed out": "אריחי OpenFreeMap חרגו מהזמן הקצוב",
+  "OpenFreeMap tiles unavailable": "אריחי OpenFreeMap אינם זמינים",
+  "occupancy|empty": "פנויה",
+  "occupancy|many seats available": "מקומות פנויים רבים",
+  "occupancy|few seats available": "מעט מקומות פנויים",
+  "occupancy|standing room only": "עמידה בלבד",
+  "occupancy|crushed standing room only": "עמידה צפופה בלבד",
+  "occupancy|full": "מלאה",
+  "occupancy|not accepting passengers": "אינה מקבלת נוסעים",
+  "occupancy|not boardable": "אין אפשרות עלייה",
+  "Route {route}": "קו {route}",
+  "Vehicle {vehicle}": "רכב {vehicle}",
+  "vehicle motion|Stopped": "עצור",
+  "No recent fix": "אין קביעת מיקום אחרונה",
+  "Waiting for update": "ממתין לעדכון",
+  "Moving": "נע",
+  "reported {speed} km/h": "דווח {speed} קמ\"ש",
+  "reported hdg {heading}°": "דווח כיוון {heading}°",
+  "Last report: stopped at stop {stop}": "דיווח אחרון: עצר בתחנה {stop}",
+  "Last report: arriving at stop {stop}": "דיווח אחרון: מגיע לתחנה {stop}",
+  "Last report: next stop {stop}": "דיווח אחרון: התחנה הבאה {stop}",
+  "Shown at street level · depth not in the feed": "מוצג בגובה הרחוב · המפלס אינו כלול בפיד",
+  "Reported {seconds} s ago": "דווח לפני {seconds} שניות",
+  "Reported {minutes} min ago": "דווח לפני {minutes} דק",
+  "shown {seconds} s behind": "מוצג {seconds} שניות מאחור",
+  "{reported} (feed time)": "{reported} (זמן הפיד)",
+  "Available trail: {minutes} min (limited)": "שובל זמין: {minutes} דק (מוגבל)",
+  "Available trail: {minutes} min": "שובל זמין: {minutes} דק",
+  "Bus": "אוטובוס",
+  "Tram": "חשמלית",
+  "Subway": "רכבת תחתית",
+  "Train": "רכבת",
+  "Ferry": "מעבורת",
+  "Transit vehicle": "רכב תחבורה ציבורית",
+  "AIS: {name}": "AIS: {name}",
+  "{type}  SPD: {speed}  HDG: {heading}": "{type}  SPD: {speed}  HDG: {heading}",
+  "VESSEL": "אונייה",
+  "{speed}KT": "{speed} קשר",
+  "{heading}DEG": "{heading}°",
+  "POS: LIVE": "POS: חי",
+  "POS: {time}Z": "POS: {time}Z",
+  "AIS live load failed": "טעינת AIS חיה נכשלה",
+  "awaiting first AIS position…": "ממתין למיקום AIS ראשון…",
+  "awaiting usable AIS positions…": "ממתין למיקומי AIS שימושיים…",
+  "awaiting first AIS message…": "ממתין להודעת AIS ראשונה…",
+  "AISSTREAM_API_KEY not set": "AISSTREAM_API_KEY אינו מוגדר",
+  "live feed unsupported": "פיד חי אינו נתמך",
+  "connecting to feed…": "מתחבר לפיד…",
+  "feed disconnected": "הפיד נותק",
+  "feed down": "הפיד מושבת",
+  "feed idle": "פיד בחוסר פעילות",
+  "API key rejected — check AISSTREAM_API_KEY": "מפתח ה-API נדחה — בדוק את AISSTREAM_API_KEY",
+  "feed silent {seconds}s — no AIS data": "פיד שקט {seconds} שניות — אין נתוני AIS",
+  "feed silent — no AIS data": "פיד שקט — אין נתוני AIS",
+  "feed down — retrying slowly (attempt {attempt})": "הפיד מושבת — מנסה שוב לאט (ניסיון {attempt})",
+  "reconnecting to feed… (attempt {attempt})": "מתחבר מחדש לפיד… (ניסיון {attempt})",
+  "feed down — retrying slowly": "הפיד מושבת — מנסה שוב לאט",
+  "reconnecting to feed…": "מתחבר מחדש לפיד…",
+  "Focus vessel {name}, MMSI {mmsi}": "התמקדות באונייה {name}, MMSI {mmsi}",
+  "Hidden by this map source · choose a globe map": "מוסתר על ידי מקור המפה הזה · בחר מפת גלובוס",
+  "Weather image HTTP {status}": "תמונת מזג אוויר HTTP {status}",
+  "Weather HTTP {status}": "מזג אוויר HTTP {status}",
+  "Frame unavailable; previous observation retained": "השקופית אינה זמינה; התצפית הקודמת נשמרה",
+  "Weather imagery unavailable": "תצוגת מזג האוויר אינה זמינה",
+  "Weather source unavailable; previous observation retained": "מקור מזג האוויר אינו זמין; התצפית הקודמת נשמרה",
+  "Weather unavailable": "מזג האוויר אינו זמין",
+  "No frame within {gap} min of {time}": "אין שקופית בטווח {gap} דק מ-{time}",
+  "No frame within {gap} h of {time}": "אין שקופית בטווח {gap} שע מ-{time}",
+  "{hours}h {minutes}m ago": "לפני {hours} שע {minutes} דק",
+  "{minutes}m ago": "לפני {minutes} דק",
+  "{state} · {time} · {lag}": "{state} · {time} · {lag}",
+  "Observed": "נצפה",
+  "History": "היסטוריה",
+  "Observation unavailable": "תצפית אינה זמינה",
+  "Waiting for observation": "ממתין לתצפית",
+  "{detail} · synced": "{detail} · מסונכרן",
+  "{detail} · nearest": "{detail} · הקרוב",
+  "RADAR · {units}": "רדאר · {units}",
+  "RADAR REFLECTIVITY · dBZ": "רפלקטיביות רדאר · dBZ",
+  "LIGHTNING DENSITY · 15 min accumulation": "צפיפות מכות · צבירה של 15 דק",
+  "GLOBAL INFRARED · hourly": "אינפרא-אדום גלובלי · לכל שעה",
+  "GOES INFRARED · ~5 min": "אינפרא-אדום GOES · ~5 דק",
+  "{state}: {time}": "{state}: {time}",
+  "Latest observation": "התצפית האחרונה",
+  "frame {index}/{total}": "שקופית {index}/{total}",
+  "loading": "טוען",
+  "Observation: unavailable": "תצפית: לא זמינה",
+  "Contiguous US · gaps ≠ no rain": "ארה\"ב הרציפה · פערים ≠ אין גשם",
+  "Americas + Pacific · not individual strikes": "האמריקות + הפסיפיק · לא מכות בודדות",
+  "60°S–60°N · typically 2–3 h delayed": "60°S–60°N · בדרך כלל בפער 2–3 שע",
+  "North America · infrared imagery": "אמריקה הצפונית · צילומי אינפרא-אדום",
+  "Color: strikes/km²/min ×10³": "צבע: מכות/קמ\"ר/דק ×10³",
+  "Color: {units}": "צבע: {units}",
+  "Reduced motion · history playback unavailable": "תנועה מופחתת · הצגת ההיסטוריה אינה זמינה",
+  "Reduced motion · manual history available": "תנועה מופחתת · היסטוריה ידנית זמינה",
+  "Rain radar · US": "רדאר גשם · ארה\"ב",
+  "Lightning density · 15 min": "צפיפות מכות · 15 דק",
+  "Satellite clouds": "עננים מלוויין",
+  "Americas + Pacific": "האמריקות + הפסיפיק",
+  "Global · 60°S–60°N": "גלובלית · 60°S–60°N",
+  "North America": "אמריקה הצפונית",
+  "Source observations delayed": "תצפיות המקור מאחרות",
+  "Stale source": "מקור מיושן",
+  "Loading next frame…": "טוען את השקופית הבאה…",
+  "Map center outside coverage": "מרכז המפה מחוץ לכיסוי",
+  "strikes/km²/min ×10³": "מכות/קמ\"ר/דק ×10³",
+  "N. America": "צפ. אמריקה",
+  "Global": "גלובלי",
+  "Hourly global mosaic; usually 2–3 hours delayed": "פסיפס גלובלי של שעה; בדרך כלל בפער 2–3 שעות",
+  "GOES regional clouds; approximately 5-minute updates": "עננים אזוריים של GOES; עדכונים בערך כל 5 דק",
+  "Clouds only": "עננים בלבד",
+  "Apply the full cloud brightness key; 100% filter strength": "החל את מפתח בהירות העננים המלא; עוצמת סינון 100%",
+  "Full": "מלא",
+  "Show the complete infrared image; 0% filter strength": "הצג את תמונת האינפרא-אדום המלאה; עוצמת סינון 0%",
+  "Soft": "רך",
+  "Vivid": "חי",
+  "Image opacity; does not alter the observed values": "אטימות התמונה; אינה משנה את הערכים הנצפים",
+  "View coverage": "הצג כיסוי",
+  "View US radar": "הצג רדאר ארה\"ב",
+  "View Americas & Pacific": "הצג האמריקות והפסיפיק",
+  "{value} strikes/km²/min ×10³ (15-minute density)": "{value} מכות/קמ\"ר/דק ×10³ (צפיפות 15 דק)",
+  "{value} dBZ radar reflectivity": "{value} dBZ רפלקטיביות רדאר",
+  "STALE · cached source metadata": "מיושן · מידע המקור מהמטמון",
+  "Map center is outside source coverage": "מרכז המפה מחוץ לכיסוי המקור",
+  "NOAA/NWS 15-minute lightning density derived from Vaisala NLDN/GLD360. Coverage 110°E across the Pacific/Americas to 0°, 25°S–80°N. Not a live strike count, global coverage or a safety warning.": "צפיפות מכות של 15 דק מ-NOAA/NWS, נגזרת מ-Vaisala NLDN/GLD360. כיסוי מ-110°צ דרך הפסיפיק/אמריקות עד 0°, בין 25°S–80°N. אינו מנייה חיה של מכות, כיסוי גלובלי, ולא אזהרת בטיחות.",
+  "NOAA MRMS radar echoes indicate precipitation patterns, not rain rate, a storm warning or a future forecast. Native source approximately 1 km; display is limited to level 6. Frames use exact advertised observation times.": "הדי הרדאר של NOAA MRMS מציינים דפוסי משקעים, לא קצב גשם, אזהרת סערה או חזוי עתידי. המקור הילידי בערך 1 ק\"מ; התצוגה מוגבלת לרמה 6. השקופיות משתמשות בזמני התצפית שהוכרזו, במדויק.",
+  "GOES-19/18 longwave infrared Band 14 regional; NESDIS global longwave mosaic. Clouds only dims everything but bright, cold cloud tops; a brightness filter, not a cloud mask. Coverage and freshness differ by region.": "אינפרא-אדום גלים ארוכים מוכ״ס 14 של GOES-19/18, אזורי; פסיפס גלים ארוכים גלובלי של NESDIS. „עננים בלבד“ מעמעם הכול מלבד ראשי עננים קרים ובהירים; זהו מסנן בהירות, לא מסך עננים. הכיסוי והרעננות משתנים לפי אזור.",
+  "REGION": "אזור",
+  "FILTER": "מסנן",
+  "Cloud filter strength": "עוצמת סינון עננים",
+  "OPACITY": "אטימות",
+  "Infrared decode failed": "פענוח אינפרא-אדום נכשל",
+  "Weather prefetch unavailable": "טעינה מראש של מזג האוויר אינה זמינה",
+  "Weather tiles unavailable · previous frame retained": "אריחי מזג האוויר אינם זמינים · השקופית הקודמת נשמרה",
+  "Some weather tiles unavailable": "חלק מאריחי מזג האוויר אינם זמינים",
+  "Malformed weather manifest": "רישום מזג האוויר פגום",
+  "Weather request timed out": "בקשת מזג האוויר חרגה מהזמן הקצוב",
+  "SIGHTING": "תצפית",
+  "Show {name} sighting": "הצג תצפית {name}",
+  "Birds": "עופות",
+  "Mammals": "יונקים",
+  "Reptiles": "זוחלים",
+  "Amphibians": "דו-חיים",
+  "Ray-finned fishes": "דגי סנפיר",
+  "Insects": "חרקים",
+  "Arachnids": "עכבישנים",
+  "Plants": "צמחים",
+  "Fungi": "פטריות",
+  "Other animals": "חיות אחרות",
+  "Other or unknown": "אחר או לא ידוע",
+  "{label} {detail} — click to retry": "{label} {detail} — לחץ לניסיון חוזר",
+  "Wildlife sightings source unavailable": "מקור תצפיות חיות הבר אינו זמין",
+  "Show only community-confirmed (research-grade) sightings": "הצג תצפיות מאושרות קהילה בלבד (בדרגת מחקר)",
+  "Wildlife observed within 48 h (whales 7 d). Color and badge glyph show the taxon group. Sensitive species are shown only as 0.2° cells; Salish Sea marine mammal reports via Acartia are rounded to 0.01°. Not a census.": "חיות בר נצפו ב-48 השעות האחרונות (לווייתנים · 7 ימים). הצבע וגליף התג מציגים את קבוצת הטקסון. מינים רגישים מוצגים כתאי 0.2° בלבד; דיווחי יונקי הים של Salish Sea דרך Acartia מעוגלים ל-0.01°. אינו מפקד אוכלוסין.",
+  "iNaturalist contributors · Acartia {count} (Salish Sea) · licences per record": "תורמי iNaturalist · Acartia {count} (Salish Sea) · רישיונות לכל רשומה",
+  "iNaturalist contributors · licences per record": "תורמי iNaturalist · רישיונות לכל רשומה",
+  "{count} sightings in view": "{count} תצפיות בתצוגה",
+  "Zoom in for local sightings": "התקרב לתצפיות מקומיות",
+  "No recent sightings in view": "אין תצפיות אחרונות בתצוגה",
+  "Acartia feed unavailable": "פיד Acartia אינו זמין",
+  "ALL": "הכול",
+  "Show all taxa": "הצג את כל הקבוצות",
+  "BIRDS": "עופות",
+  "Show only birds": "הצג עופות בלבד",
+  "MAMMALS": "יונקים",
+  "Show only mammals": "הצג יונקים בלבד",
+  "WHALES": "לווייתנים",
+  "Show only whales and dolphins (7 days)": "הצג לווייתנים ודולפינים בלבד (7 ימים)",
+  "INSECTS": "חרקים",
+  "Show only insects": "הצג חרקים בלבד",
+  "PLANTS": "צמחים",
+  "Show only plants": "הצג צמחים בלבד",
+  "All rights reserved": "כל הזכויות שמורות",
+  "Cetacean": "לווייתנאי",
+  "Wildlife Sightings": "תצפיות חיות בר",
+  "Temperature field unavailable": "שדה הטמפרטורה אינו זמין",
+  "Mean sea level pressure field unavailable": "שדה לחץ בגובה פני הים אינו זמין",
+  "Wind upstream unavailable": "מקור הרוח במעלה הזרם אינו זמין",
+  "{source} HTTP {status}": "{source} HTTP {status}",
+  "Wind": "רוח",
+  "Wind source unavailable": "מקור הרוח אינו זמין",
+  "Forecast · does not follow history": "חזוי · אינו מתאים להיסטוריה",
+  "Wind motion": "תנועת רוח",
+  "Wind speed": "מהירות רוח",
+  "Sea-level pressure": "לחץ בגובה פני הים",
+  "Air temperature · 2 m": "טמפרטורת אוויר · 2 מ׳",
+  "Global · 1° grid": "גלובלי · סריג 1°",
+  "{model} forecast · {time}": "חזוי {model} · {time}",
+  "Loading forecast": "טוען חזוי",
+  "Preparing flow": "מכין זרימה",
+  "Selected field unavailable": "השדה הנבחר אינו זמין",
+  "Cached forecast · stale": "חזוי מהמטמון · מיושן",
+  "ECMWF IFS surface forecast": "חזוי פני קרקע ECMWF IFS",
+  "NOAA GFS surface forecast": "חזוי פני קרקע NOAA GFS",
+  "Reduced motion": "תנועה מופחתת",
+  "Resume": "המשך",
+  "Pause": "השהה",
+  "Pause visual flow; forecast time does not advance with animation": "השהה את הזרימה החזותית; זמן החזוי אינו מתקדם עם ההנפשה",
+  "None": "ללא",
+  "Speed": "מהירות",
+  "Pressure": "לחץ",
+  "Temperature": "טמפרטורה",
+  "Wind trails with no field shading": "שובלי רוח ללא הצללת שדה",
+  "How hard the surface wind is blowing": "עד כמה חזקה נושבת הרוח בגובה הקרקע",
+  "Sea-level air pressure: broad highs and lows": "לחץ אוויר בגובה פני הים: אזורי לחץ גבוהים ונמוכים רחבים",
+  "Air temperature two meters above the surface": "טמפרטורת אוויר שני מטרים מעל הקרקע",
+  "Wind speed units": "יחידות מהירות רוח",
+  "Read wind at map center": "קרא רוח במרכז המפה",
+  "Read the forecast at the center of the map without changing selection": "קרא את החזוי במרכז המפה מבלי לשנות את הבחירה",
+  "{model} forecast · {field} ({unit})": "חזוי {model} · {field} ({unit})",
+  "Valid: {time}": "תקף: {time}",
+  "preparing": "בהכנה",
+  "Issued: {time}": "פורסם: {time}",
+  "Selected field unavailable · wind remains visible": "השדה הנבחר אינו זמין · הרוח נשארת גלויה",
+  "{error} · wind remains visible": "{error} · הרוח נשארת גלויה",
+  "Surface wind at 10 m. Approximately 1° global grid. Curves follow the 10 m wind field, lifted 12 km for visibility; display height is not weather altitude. View lighting is for readability. Animation shows flow through one fixed forecast; it does not advance time. Color fields drape the globe basemap or the active photorealistic 3D Tiles.": "רוח פני קרקע בגובה 10 מ׳. סריג גלובלי בערך 1°. העקומות עוקבות שדה הרוח ב-10 מ׳, מוגבהות 12 ק\"מ לראות; גובה התצוגה אינו גובה מטאורולוגי. תאורת הצפייה לצורך קריאות. ההנפשה מציגה זרימה בחזוי קבוע אחד; היא מתקה מעט זמן. שדות הצבע מכסים את מפת בסיס הגלובלי, או את Google 3D Tiles הפעיל.",
+  "MODEL": "מודל",
+  "FIELD": "שדה",
+  "UNITS": "יחידות",
+  "MOTION": "תנועה",
+  "Forecast": "חזוי",
+  "N": "N",
+  "NNE": "NNE",
+  "NE": "NE",
+  "ENE": "ENE",
+  "E": "E",
+  "ESE": "ESE",
+  "SE": "SE",
+  "SSE": "SSE",
+  "S": "S",
+  "SSW": "SSW",
+  "SW": "SW",
+  "WSW": "WSW",
+  "W": "W",
+  "WNW": "WNW",
+  "NW": "NW",
+  "NNW": "NNW",
+  "No surface reading": "אין קריאת שטח",
+  "Aim the map center at Earth": "כוון את מרכז המפה אל העולם",
+  "A location reading needs a loaded forecast and the Earth at the center of the view.": "קריאת מיקום דורשת חזוי נטען וכדור הארץ במרכז התצוגה.",
+  "Interpolated model forecast on an approximately 1° grid. Broad weather patterns, not a street-level measurement.": "חזוי מודל באינטרפולציה על סריג של כ-1°. דפוסי מזג אוויר רחבים, לא מדידה ברמת הרחוב.",
+  " · calm": " · שקטה",
+  " from {direction}": " מ-{direction}",
+  "WIND AT {coordinates}": "רוח ב-{coordinates}",
+  "{model} · valid {time}": "{model} · תקף {time}",
+  "Wind speed field unavailable": "שדה מהירות הרוח אינו זמין",
+  "Globe imagery unavailable": "צילומי הגלובוס אינם זמינים",
+  "Globe field image unavailable": "תמונת שדה הגלובוס אינה זמינה",
+  "Unknown wind model": "מודל רוח לא ידוע",
+  "Unknown weather overlay": "שכבת מזג אוויר לא ידועה",
+  "Wind request timed out": "בקשת הרוח חרגה מהזמן הקצוב",
+  "Malformed wind manifest": "רישום הרוח פגום",
+  "Malformed wind grid": "סריג הרוח פגום",
+  "Error: {message}": "שגיאה: {message}",
+  "Needs {envVars} — add it in Provider Settings": "דורש {envVars} — הוסף בהגדרות הספקים",
+  "{label} is unavailable": "{label} אינו זמין",
+  "This map stack": "ערמת מפה זו",
+  "Google 3D tiles unavailable — check the key's API restrictions, quota, or network": "ה-Google 3D tiles אינם זמינים — בדוק את מגבלות ה-API של המפתח, את מכסה או את הרשת",
+  "Needs {envVars} — add it in Provider Settings — or a Cesium ion token for the ion-hosted route": "דורש {envVars} — הוסף בהגדרות הספקים — או אסימון Cesium ion לנתיב המתארח ב-ion",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a camera": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל מצלמה",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a location": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל מקום",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a photo": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל תמונה",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a shared view": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל תצוגה משותפת",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a target": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל מטרה",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a vessel": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל אונייה",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a fire": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל שריפה",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a sighting": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל תצפית",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a sighting area": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל אזור תצפית",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a route": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל מסלול",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a file": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל קובץ",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a drawing": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל שרטוט",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a scene": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל סצנה",
+  "Exit cockpit to view weather coverage": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לצפות בכיסוי מזג האוויר",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a cyclone": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל ציקלון",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to an aircraft": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל מטוס",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a satellite": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל לוויין",
+  "Exit cockpit to frame contacts": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לסגור מגעים בתצוגה",
+  "Focusing {label}": "מתמקד ב-{label}",
+  "Camera ownership changed": "בעלות המצלמה השתנתה",
+  "Saved project could not be read; storage preserved. Import a valid file to resume saving.": "לא ניתן לקרוא את הפרויקט השמור; האחסון נשמר. ייבא קובץ תקין כדי לחדש שמירה.",
+  "Ready": "מוכן",
+  "Scene layer turned off": "שכבת הסצנה כבויה",
+  "Stopped": "עצר",
+  "Scene not saved — existing saved project could not be read. Export edits or import a valid file.": "הסצנה לא נשמרה — לא ניתן לקרוא את הפרויקט השמור הקיים. ייצא עריכות או ייבא קובץ תקין.",
+  "Scene not saved — {reason}": "הסצנה לא נשמרה — {reason}",
+  "Scene not saved — browser storage unavailable": "הסצנה לא נשמרה — אחסון הדפדפן אינו זמין",
+  "Loaded: {scene} / {shot}": "נטען: {scene} / {shot}",
+  "Cannot update {scene}: shot inventory changed": "לא ניתן לעדכן את {scene}: מלאי השוטים השתנה",
+  "Cannot update {scene}: evidence beats changed": "לא ניתן לעדכן את {scene}: קטעי הראיות השתנו",
+  "Cannot update {scene}: shot bindings are incomplete": "לא ניתן לעדכן את {scene}: קשירות השוטים אינן שלמות",
+  "Updated {count} shots: {scene}": {
+    "one": "עודכנו {count} שוטים: {scene}",
+    "two": "עודכנו {count} שוטים: {scene}",
+    "other": "עודכנו {count} שוטים: {scene}"
+  },
+  "Appended {count} shots: {scene}": {
+    "one": "צורפו {count} שוטים: {scene}",
+    "two": "צורפו {count} שוטים: {scene}",
+    "other": "צורפו {count} שוטים: {scene}"
+  },
+  "Cannot capture shot: camera not ready": "לא ניתן ללכוד שוט: המצלמה אינה מוכנה",
+  "Captured: {scene} / {shot}": "נלכד: {scene} / {shot}",
+  "Select a shot first": "בחר קודם שוט",
+  "Updated: {scene} / {shot}": "עודכן: {scene} / {shot}",
+  "Could not leave scene: {scene}": "לא ניתן לצאת מהסצנה: {scene}",
+  "Seeked: {scene} / {shot}": "הוסט: {scene} / {shot}",
+  "Seeking scene clock": "מסיט את שעון הסצנה",
+  "Camera unavailable — exit cockpit first": "המצלמה אינה זמינה — צא קודם מתא הטייס",
+  "No shots to run": "אין שוטים להרצה",
+  "Scene transition limit reached — load a shot to reset": "מגבלת מעברי הסצנות הושגה — טען שוט כדי לאפס",
+  "Export failed: {error}": "הייצוא נכשל: {error}",
+  "Project exported": "הפרויקט יוצא",
+  "Importing project": "מייבא פרויקט",
+  "Imported {file}": "יובא {file}",
+  "Import failed: {error}": "הייבוא נכשל: {error}",
+  "Import failed (could not read JSON file)": "הייבוא נכשל (לא ניתן לקרוא קובץ JSON)",
+  "Layers refused: {layers}": "שכבות שסירבו: {layers}",
+  "Could not exit {mode} — scene layers may be refused": "לא ניתן לצאת מ-{mode} — שכבות הסצנה עשויות להיסרב",
+  "Camera move interrupted": "תנועת המצלמה הופסקה",
+  "Scene media timed out": "מדיית הסצנה חרגה מהזמן הקצוב",
+  "Action complete": "הפעולה הושלמה",
+  "Action unavailable or cancelled": "הפעולה אינה זמינה או בוטלה",
+  "Select a feature or use Tab and Enter to choose an action.": "בחר אובייקט, או השתמש ב-Tab ו-Enter לבחירת פעולה.",
+  "Selected feature: {feature}. Choose an action.": "נבחר אובייקט: {feature}. בחר פעולה.",
+  "Running {index}/{total}: {scene} / {shot}": "מריץ {index}/{total}: {scene} / {shot}",
+  "Scene run complete": "ריצת הסצנה הושלמה",
+  "Bhote Koshi Evidence Sequence": "רצף הראיות של Bhote Koshi",
+  "Nepal Flood Incident": "אירוע השיטפון בנפאל",
+  "Global Flights Radar": "מכ\"ם טיסות עולמי",
+  "Orbital Watch": "צפי מסלולי",
+  "Thermal Threat Board": "לוח איומים תרמיים",
+  "City Overload": "עומס עירוני",
+  "Omniscience Pullback": "נסיגת ראייה כוללת",
+  "Global Incident Context": "הקשר אירועים עולמי",
+  "Nepal-Focused Globe Rotation": "סיבוב גלובוס ממוקד נפאל",
+  "Bhote Koshi Regional Approach": "גישה אזורית ל-Bhote Koshi",
+  "Bhote Koshi Nearby Cities": "ערים סמוכות ל-Bhote Koshi",
+  "Bhote Koshi Incident Corridor": "מסדרון אירוע Bhote Koshi",
+  "Bhote Koshi Flood Path": "מסלול שיטפון Bhote Koshi",
+  "Bhote Koshi Corridor Overview": "סקירת מסדרון Bhote Koshi",
+  "Bhote Koshi Upper Valley": "העמק העליון של Bhote Koshi",
+  "Upper Valley Collapse": "קריסת העמק העליון",
+  "Debris-Dammed Lake": "אגם סכור מפולת",
+  "Nepal-China Border Gate": "מעבר הגבול נפאל-סין",
+  "Timure Evidence Cluster": "מקבץ הראיות Timure",
+  "Syabru Besi Passage": "מעבר Syabru Besi",
+  "Bidur / Trishuli Consequence": "תוצאת Bidur / Trishuli",
+  "Final view": "התצוגה הסופית",
+  "Scene {n}": "סצנה {n}",
+  "Shot {n}": "שוט {n}",
+  "the title of scene {scene} is empty or longer than {max} characters": "כותרת הסצנה {scene} ריקה או ארוכה מ-{max} תווים",
+  "the title of shot {shot} in scene {scene} is empty or longer than {max} characters": "כותרת השוט {shot} בסצנה {scene} ריקה או ארוכה מ-{max} תווים",
+  "the project is larger than 5 MiB": "הפרויקט גדול מ-5 MiB",
+  "the project has too many shots": "בפרויקט יותר מדי שוטים",
+  "the scene data failed validation": "נתוני הסצנה נכשלו באימות",
+  "Could not complete this action. Check the file, references and selected assets.": "לא ניתן להשלים את הפעולה הזאת. בדוק את הקובץ, ההתייחסויות והנכסים הנבחרים.",
+  "{count} scenes": {
+    "one": "{count} סצנות",
+    "two": "{count} סצנות",
+    "other": "{count} סצנות"
+  },
+  "{count} shots": {
+    "one": "{count} שוטים",
+    "two": "{count} שוטים",
+    "other": "{count} שוטים"
+  },
+  "{count} data packs": {
+    "one": "{count} חבילות נתונים",
+    "two": "{count} חבילות נתונים",
+    "other": "{count} חבילות נתונים"
+  },
+  "{scene} / {pack}: {status}. File: {path}. {attribution} · {license}": "{scene} / {pack}: {status}. קובץ: {path}. {attribution} · {license}",
+  "Unavailable layers: {layers}": "שכבות בלתי זמינות: {layers}",
+  "Uses registered content or linked media. Those external files are not included in a scene bundle. Their original notices still apply.": "משתמש בתוכן רשום או במדיה מקושרת. הקבצים החיצוניים האלה אינם נכללים בחבילת סצנה. הודעות המקור שלהם חלות בעינם.",
+  "{bytes} bundled bytes verified. Files stay in memory for this session. Reimport the bundle after reloading the app.": "{bytes} בתי החבילה מאומתים. הקבצים נשארים בזיכרון להפעלה הזאת. ייבא מחדש את החבילה אחרי טעינת האפליקציה.",
+  "Review scene import": "סקירת ייבוא סצנה",
+  "Nothing is loaded or changed until you apply this file.": "עד שתאשר את הקובץ לא נטען ולא משתנה דבר.",
+  "Ready to import": "מוכן לייבוא",
+  "Apply replaces the current project. Export your current project first if you want to keep both.": "ההחלה מחליפה את הפרויקט הנוכחי. ייצא קודם את הפרויקט הנוכחי אם ברצונך לשמור את שניהם.",
+  "Apply import": "החל ייבוא",
+  "Import was not applied. The current project may have changed.": "הייבוא לא הוחל. ייתכן שהפרויקט הנוכחי השתנה.",
+  "Select a scene and shot first": "בחר קודם סצנה ושוט",
+  "Edit scene details": "עריכת פרטי הסצנה",
+  "Camera positions use degrees and meters above the ellipsoid. Drafts are validated before they replace your saved scene.": "מיקומי מצלמה במעלות ובמטרים מעל האליפסואיד. טיוטות נבדקות לפני שהן מחליפות את הסצנה השמורה שלך.",
+  "Anchors and data packs": "עוגנים וחבילות נתונים",
+  "Shot camera, timing, packs and actions": "מצלמת השוט, תזמון, חבילות ופעולות",
+  "New anchor ID": "מזהה עוגן חדש",
+  "Capture camera as anchor": "לכידת המצלמה כעוגן",
+  "Anchor added to draft": "העוגן נוסף לטיוטה",
+  "Set move start to current camera": "הצבת התחלת התנועה במצלמה הנוכחית",
+  "Move added to draft; destination remains the shot camera": "התנועה נוספה לטיוטה; היעד נשאר מצלמת השוט",
+  "Use ordinary flight": "שימוש בטיסה רגילה",
+  "Invalid shot JSON": "JSON שוט בלתי תקין",
+  "Apply details": "החלת פרטים",
+  "Select a scene first": "בחר קודם סצנה",
+  "Share selected scene": "שיתוף הסצנה הנבחרת",
+  "Scene JSON preserves authored settings and attribution. It does not include asset files. Bundles include only pack files you choose here or previously imported bundle files.": "JSON הסצנה שומר הגדרות שנוצרו ידנית וייחוס. אינו כולל קבצי נכסים. חבילות כוללות רק קבצי חבילות שבחרת כאן או קבצי חבילות שיובאו בעבר.",
+  "Download scene JSON": "הורדת קובץ JSON הסצנה",
+  "Choose data-pack files": "בחירת קבצי חבילת נתונים",
+  "Or choose a data-pack folder": "או בחירת תיקיית חבילת נתונים",
+  "Download asset bundle": "הורדת חבילת הנכסים",
+  "Asset bundle downloaded": "חבילת הנכסים ירדה",
+  "No RTL-SDR device selected": "לא נבחר מקלט RTL-SDR",
+  "WebUSB requires desktop Chrome or Edge on localhost/HTTPS": "WebUSB דורש Chrome או Edge שולחני ב-localhost/HTTPS",
+  "RTL-SDR access failed; close other SDR apps and check USB permissions": "הגישה ל-RTL-SDR נכשלה; סגור אפליקציות SDR אחרות ובדוק הרשאות USB",
+  "RTL-SDR connection failed": "החיבור ל-RTL-SDR נכשל",
+  "Receiving 1090 MHz ADS-B": "קולט 1090 MHz ADS-B",
+  "Receiving broadcast FM": "קולט שידור FM",
+  "Connect an RTL-SDR to begin.": "חבר RTL-SDR כדי להתחיל.",
+  "WebUSB is unavailable in this browser": "WebUSB אינו זמין בדפדפן הזה",
+  "USB work abandoned after a stalled transfer": "עבודת ה-USB ננטשה אחרי העברה שנתקעה",
+  "SDR decoder worker failed": "מנוע פענוח ה-SDR נכשל",
+  "SDR decoder did not start; receiver stopped": "פענוח ה-SDR לא התחיל; המקלט נעצר",
+  "SDR decoder stopped responding; receiver stopped": "פענוח ה-SDR הפסיק להגיב; המקלט נעצר",
+  "SDR decoder fell behind; receiver stopped": "פענוח ה-SDR נשאר מאחור; המקלט נעצר",
+  "WebUSB requires desktop Chrome or Edge": "WebUSB דורש Chrome או Edge שולחני",
+  "Waiting for an RTL-SDR device…": "ממתין למקלט RTL-SDR…",
+  "Browser audio is suspended; press Connect again to resume it": "שמע הדפדפן מושהה; הקש Connect שוב כדי לחדש אותו",
+  "RTL-SDR sample stream stopped": "זרימת הדגימות של RTL-SDR נעצרה",
+  "Switching to {mode}…": "עובר אל {mode}…",
+  "Browser audio is suspended; select FM again to resume it": "שמע הדפדפן מושהה; בחר FM שוב כדי לחדש אותו",
+  "RTL-SDR gain change failed": "שינוי הגבר RTL-SDR נכשל",
+  "Tuned to {mhz} MHz FM": "מכוון אל {mhz} MHz FM",
+  "Seeking up…": "מחפש תדר מעלה…",
+  "Seeking down…": "מחפש תדר מטה…",
+  "Seek stopped": "החיפוש נעצר",
+  "Scanning {mhz} MHz…": "סורק {mhz} MHz…",
+  "Found {mhz} MHz · {snr} dB": "נמצא {mhz} MHz · {snr} dB",
+  "FM signal found at {mhz} MHz": "נמצא אות FM ב-{mhz} MHz",
+  "No FM signal found": "לא נמצא אות FM",
+  "Browser location is unavailable": "מיקום הדפדפן אינו זמין",
+  "Receiver location was not granted": "אישור מיקום המקלט לא ניתן",
+  "RTL-SDR disconnected": "RTL-SDR מנותק",
+  "Upstream response too large": "תשובת המקור גדולה מדי",
+  "Vector tile request timed out": "בקשת אריח וקטורי חרגה מהזמן הקצוב",
+  "Vector tiles unavailable": "אריחים וקטוריים אינם זמינים",
+  "Vector tile metadata unavailable": "מידע המטא-נתונים של אריחים וקטוריים אינו זמין",
+  "Zoom in for vector tile coverage": "התקרב לכיסוי אריחים וקטוריים",
+  "Saturation": "רוויה",
+  "Edge Thickness": "עובי גבולות",
+  "Contrast": "ניגודיות",
+  "Grain": "גרעיניות",
+  "Vignette": "וינייטה",
+  "Pixelation": "פיקסול",
+  "Distortion": "עיוות",
+  "Instability": "חוסר יציבות",
+  "Gain": "הגבר",
+  "Bloom": "זוהר",
+  "Scanlines": "קווי סריקה",
+  "Sensitivity": "רגישות",
+  "WHOT/BHOT": "WHOT/BHOT",
+  "Ironbow": "קשת ברזל",
+  "Left panels": "פאנלים שמאליים",
+  "Right panels": "פאנלים ימניים",
+  "Contacts could not complete the requested transition; try again": "המגעים לא השלימו את המעבר המבוקש; נסה שוב",
+  "CCTV layer unavailable": "שכבת CCTV אינה זמינה",
+  "Link shared": "הקישור שותף",
+  "Link copied!": "הקישור הועתק!",
+  "Copy failed": "ההעתקה נכשלה",
+  "Tilted view": "תצוגה משופעת",
+  "Straight-down view": "תצוגה ישרה מלמעלה",
+  "North up": "צפון מעלה",
+  "CCTV calibration saved": "כיול CCTV נשמר",
+  "HDG": "HDG",
+  "PITCH": "הטייה",
+  "FOV": "FOV",
+  "RANGE": "טווח",
+  "HGT": "HGT",
+  "ΔN": "ΔN",
+  "ΔE": "ΔE",
+  "{value}m": "{value} מ׳",
+  "CCTV calibration reset": "כיול CCTV אופס",
+  "ADJUST ON": "התאמה פעילה",
+  "ADJUST": "התאמה",
+  "OK": "אישור",
+  "ERROR": "שגיאה",
+  "Live HLS connected": "HLS חי מחובר",
+  "Live HLS unavailable": "HLS חי אינו זמין",
+  "No stream URL configured": "לא הוגדרה כתובת זרימה",
+  "Live stream connected": "זרימה חיה מחוברת",
+  "Snapshot feed connected": "פיד תמונות מחובר",
+  "Media fetch failed": "שליפת המדיה נכשלה",
+  "Upstream snapshot active": "פיד תמונות מהמקור פעיל",
+  "Fallback Street View frame": "שקופית Street View חלופית",
+  "Upstream unavailable": "המקור אינו זמין",
+  "No source configured": "לא הוגדר מקור",
+  "Configured source": "מקור מוגדר",
+  "Configured Source": "מקור מוגדר",
+  "Synthetic fallback": "גיבוי סינתטי",
+  "Upstream HTTP {status}": "HTTP {status} מהמקור",
+  "Unexpected media type {type}": "סוג מדיה בלתי צפוי: {type}",
+  "SOURCE · UNKNOWN": "מקור · לא ידוע",
+  "FRAME · LOADING": "שקופית · בטעינה",
+  "FRAME · UNAVAILABLE": "שקופית · לא זמינה",
+  "{count} more cameras outside this view · pan or zoom out": {
+    "one": "{count} מצלמות נוספות מחוץ לתצוגה הזאת · הזז או זום החוצה",
+    "two": "{count} מצלמות נוספות מחוץ לתצוגה הזאת · הזז או זום החוצה",
+    "other": "{count} מצלמות נוספות מחוץ לתצוגה הזאת · הזז או זום החוצה"
+  },
+  "VIEWSHED ON": "שדה ראייה פעיל",
+  "COVERAGE ON": "כיסוי פעיל",
+  "COVERAGE OFF": "כיסוי כבוי",
+  "AUTO HOP ON": "קפיצה אוטומטית פעילה",
+  "AUTO HOP OFF": "קפיצה אוטומטית כבויה",
+  "PROJECTION ON": "הקרנה פעילה",
+  "PROJECTION OFF": "הקרנה כבויה",
+  "CAL · EDITED (UNSAVED)": "CAL · נערך (לא נשמר)",
+  "CAL · {badge}": "CAL · {badge}",
+  "MONITOR": "מוניטור",
+  "OFF": "כבוי",
+  "{city} · HDG {heading} · FOV {fov} · RANGE {range}m · {projection}{calBadge} · {provider}{status}": "{city} · HDG {heading} · FOV {fov} · טווח {range} מ׳ · {projection}{calBadge} · {provider}{status}",
+  "{count} cameras loaded · click a camera to activate": {
+    "one": "{count} מצלמות נטענו · לחץ על מצלמה להפעלה",
+    "two": "{count} מצלמות נטענו · לחץ על מצלמה להפעלה",
+    "other": "{count} מצלמות נטענו · לחץ על מצלמה להפעלה"
+  },
+  "{count} cameras loaded · enable CCTV to activate": {
+    "one": "{count} מצלמות נטענו · הפעל CCTV להפעלה",
+    "two": "{count} מצלמות נטענו · הפעל CCTV להפעלה",
+    "other": "{count} מצלמות נטענו · הפעל CCTV להפעלה"
+  },
+  "Enable CCTV to load camera intersections": "הפעל CCTV לטעינת חיתוכי מצלמות",
+  "Enable CCTV to start camera-linked intelligence summaries.": "הפעל CCTV להתחלת סיכומי מודיעין הקשורים למצלמות.",
+  "No summary available.": "אין סיכום זמין.",
+  "loading frames": "טוען שקופיות",
+  "camera grid ready": "רשת המצלמות מוכנה",
+  "Clearing selected data layers": "מנקה שכבות נתונים נבחרות",
+  "Clear selected data layers": "ניקוי שכבות נתונים נבחרות",
+  "LIVE SIGNALS": "אותות חיים",
+  "OBSERVED / MAPPED PINGS": "פינגים נצפים / ממופים",
+  "SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS": "אירועים נתמכי מקור · ללא חדשות סינתטיות",
+  "REGIONAL NEWS": "חדשות אזוריות",
+  "LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING": "הדיווחים תואמי המיקום האחרונים",
+  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · שאילתת מיקום · אחרונים",
+  "LOCAL INFO": "מידע מקומי",
+  "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "מקום / מצב / עמדה",
+  "Stop automatic page cycling. Previous, Next, and the SIG/NEWS/LOCAL tabs stay available.": "הפסק את מחזור העמודים האוטומטי. קודם, הבא, והלשוניות אותות/חדשות/מקומי נשארות זמינות.",
+  "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "מחזר את עמודי הדיווח אוטומטית כל 9 שניות (אותות → חדשות → מקומי). מושהה בזמן ריחוף או מיקוד הפאנל. נתוני האותות החיים מתרעננים כל הזמן בכל מקרה.",
+  "CYCLE OFF": "מחזור כבוי",
+  "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "אוסף חדשות אזוריות",
+  "RESOLVING REGION": "מזהה אזור",
+  "CONDITIONS UNKNOWN": "מחיזים לא ידועים",
+  "CLEAR": "בהיר",
+  "PARTLY CLOUDY": "חלקי מעונן",
+  "OVERCAST": "מעונן",
+  "FOG": "ערפל",
+  "DRIZZLE": "טפטוף",
+  "RAIN": "גשם",
+  "SNOW": "שלג",
+  "RAIN SHOWERS": "ממטרים",
+  "SNOW SHOWERS": "ממטרי שלג",
+  "THUNDERSTORM": "סופת רעמים",
+  "MIXED CONDITIONS": "תנאים מעורבים",
+  "CYCLE ON": "מחזור פעיל",
+  "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "חדשות אזוריות אינן זמינות",
+  "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "אזור אינו זמין",
+  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "אין התאמות מיקום אחרונות",
+  "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · לפני {age}",
+  "{value} KM/H": "{value} קמ\"ש",
+  "CLOUD {pct}%": "עננות {pct}%",
+  "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "עננות לא ידועה",
+  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · שאילתת מיקום",
+  "{label} · {radius} AIR/SEA WINDOW": "{label} · חלון אוויר/ים {radius}",
+  "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · מתקנים {coverage}",
+  "MILITARY FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE": "פיד צבאי כבוי · תמונה חלקית",
+  "FLIGHTS FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE": "פיד טיסות כבוי · תמונה חלקית",
+  "NEARBY AIRCRAFT INCOMPLETE · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "מטוסים סמוכים חלקיים · ללא אישור מלא",
+  "CONTEXT STANDBY": "ההקשר בהמתנה",
+  "ENABLE GLOBAL CONTEXT FOR PROXIMITY PINGS": "הפעל הקשר גלובלי לפינגים של קרבה",
+  "CONTACT LOST · LAST KNOWN READOUT · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "המגע אבד · הקריאה האחרונה הידועה · ללא אישור מלא",
+  "CONTACT LOST · {subject}": "המגע אבד · {subject}",
+  "SUBJECT LEFT ITS FEED · READOUT HOLDING LAST KNOWN": "העצם יצא מהפיד · הקריאה מחזיקה את האחרון הידוע",
+  "{cohort} · {contact}": "{cohort} · {contact}",
+  "NO AVAILABLE EXAMPLE": "אין דוגמה זמינה",
+  "{cohort}, Unavailable": "{cohort}, לא זמין",
+  "AHEAD": "לפנים",
+  "{side} {angle}": "{side} {angle}",
+  "L": "L",
+  "R": "R",
+  "{count} INPUTS UNKNOWN · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": {
+    "one": "{count} קלטים לא ידועים · ללא אישור מלא",
+    "two": "{count} קלטים לא ידועים · ללא אישור מלא",
+    "other": "{count} קלטים לא ידועים · ללא אישור מלא"
+  },
+  "AVAILABLE INPUTS CURRENT · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "הקלטים הזמינים עדכניים · ללא אישור מלא",
+  "CONTACTS · 250 KM": "מגעים · 250 ק\"מ",
+  "AVAILABLE INPUTS ONLY · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "קלטים זמינים בלבד · ללא אישור מלא",
+  "Normal": "רגיל",
+  "Night vision": "ראיית לילה",
+  "Thermal": "תרמי",
+  "Anime": "אנימה",
+  "Noir": "נואר",
+  "AIRCRAFT": "מטוס",
+  "LIVE TRACK · COURSE ALIGNED": "מעקב חי · מסלול תואם",
+  "ROUTE DATA UNAVAILABLE": "נתוני המסלול אינם זמינים",
+  "DEST ---°": "DEST ---°",
+  "SQUAWK {code} · {status}": "SQUAWK {code} · {status}",
+  "ADS-B PRIORITY · {status}": "עדיפות ADS-B · {status}",
+  "ADS-B EMERGENCY · {status}": "חירום ADS-B · {status}",
+  "ACQUIRING SURFACE": "אוסף משטח",
+  "SURFACE FALLBACK": "משטח חלופי",
+  "STALE FEED": "פיד מיושן",
+  "LIVE TRACK": "מעקב חי",
+  "COMMERCIAL": "מסחרי",
+  "{aircraftClass} · {emergency} · {feedState}": "{aircraftClass} · {emergency} · {feedState}",
+  "{aircraftClass} · {feedState} · COURSE ALIGNED": "{aircraftClass} · {feedState} · מסלול תואם",
+  "ARROW · ESTIMATED DIRECTION": "חץ · כיוון מוערך",
+  "DEST {bearing}": "DEST {bearing}",
+  "TIME UNKNOWN": "זמן לא ידוע",
+  "{count}M AGO": "לפני {count} דק'",
+  "{count}H AGO": "לפני {count} שע'",
+  "{count}D AGO": "לפני {count} יום",
+  "DIR UNKNOWN": "כיוון לא ידוע",
+  "COCKPIT": "תא טייס",
+  "Select flight {title}": "בחירת הטיסה {title}",
+  "{aircraftClass} · CURRENT": "{aircraftClass} · נוכחי",
+  "MILITARY FLIGHT": "טיסה צבאית",
+  "COMMERCIAL FLIGHT": "טיסה מסחרית",
+  "{aircraftClass} · {distance}": "{aircraftClass} · {distance}",
+  "DISTANCE UNKNOWN": "מרחק לא ידוע",
+  "{count} INPUTS UNKNOWN": {
+    "one": "{count} קלטים לא ידועים",
+    "two": "{count} קלטים לא ידועים",
+    "other": "{count} קלטים לא ידועים"
+  },
+  "SOURCE STATUS UNAVAILABLE": "מצב המקור אינו זמין",
+  "TRACK ACQUIRED": "המעקב נתפס",
+  "{label} · COURSE {heading}°": "{label} · מסלול {heading}°",
+  "Context could not restore every layer; try again": "ההקשר לא שיחזר את כל השכבות; נסה שוב",
+  "No selected data layers": "אין שכבות נתונים נבחרות",
+  "{count} data layers could not be cleared": {
+    "one": "{count} שכבות נתונים לא נוקו",
+    "two": "{count} שכבות נתונים לא נוקו",
+    "other": "{count} שכבות נתונים לא נוקו"
+  },
+  "Cleared {count} data layers": {
+    "one": "נוקו {count} שכבות נתונים",
+    "two": "נוקו {count} שכבות נתונים",
+    "other": "נוקו {count} שכבות נתונים"
+  },
+  "Selected data layers could not be cleared": "שכבות הנתונים הנבחרות לא נוקו",
+  "Space Missions could not complete the requested transition; try again": "Space Missions לא השלים את המעבר המבוקש; נסה שוב",
+  "Nearby installations refreshed": "המתקנים הסמוכים התרעננו",
+  "Nearby installations could not be refreshed; try again": "לא ניתן לרענן את המתקנים הסמוכים; נסה שוב",
+  "Space Missions cancellation could not restore the previous layer state": "ביטול Space Missions לא שיחזר את מצב השכבה הקודם",
+  "That layer is unavailable in the current Context mode": "השכבה הזאת אינה זמינה במצב ההקשר הנוכחי",
+  "{layerId} could not {action} cleanly": "{layerId} — הפעולה {action} לא הסתיימה בנקיון",
+  "start": "התחלה",
+  "stop": "עצירה",
+  "{mode} could not start because another layer did not stop cleanly": "{mode} לא החל כי שכבה אחרת לא נעצרה בנקיון",
+  "Space Missions": "Space Missions",
+  "Context": "ההקשר",
+  "Ground heights could not be refreshed. Try the file again when the map has loaded.": "את גבהי הקרקע לא ניתן לרענן. נסה שוב את הקובץ כשהמפה נטענת.",
+  "{count} map objects": {
+    "one": "{count} אובייקטי מפה",
+    "two": "{count} אובייקטי מפה",
+    "other": "{count} אובייקטי מפה"
+  },
+  ", drawn with its own styles": ", צויר בסגנונות משלו",
+  "At most {count} files at once — remove one first.": "{count} קבצים לכל היותר בכל פעם — הסר קודם אחד.",
+  "Reading {name}…": "קורא את {name}…",
+  "That file could not be read.": "את הקובץ לא ניתן לקרוא.",
+  "Added {count} files.": {
+    "one": "נוספו {count} קבצים.",
+    "two": "נוספו {count} קבצים.",
+    "other": "נוספו {count} קבצים."
+  },
+  "{count} files could not be added ({name}: {error})": {
+    "one": "{count} קבצים לא התווספו ({name}: {error})",
+    "two": "{count} קבצים לא התווספו ({name}: {error})",
+    "other": "{count} קבצים לא התווספו ({name}: {error})"
+  },
+  "Some KML content was left out.": "חלק מתוכן ה-KML הושמט.",
+  "Press on the ground, not the sky": "הקש על הקרקע, לא על השמים",
+  "Drag to size the box": "גרור כדי לעצב את גודל התיבה",
+  "light {source} to use your {name} key": "הדלק את {source} לשימוש במפתח ה-{name} שלך",
+  "light {source}": "הדלק את {source}",
+  ", or ": ", או ",
+  "{requirement}, or {offer}": "{requirement}, או {offer}",
+  "Expand {name}": "הרחבת {name}",
+  "Collapse {name}": "קיפול {name}",
+  "panel": "פאנל",
+  "Live Flights": "טיסות חיות",
+  "Military Flights": "טיסות צבאיות",
+  "Earthquakes (24h)": "רעידות אדמה (24 שע)",
+  "Satellites": "לוויינים",
+  "Space Missions (30d)": "משימות חלל (30 יום)",
+  "Street Traffic": "תנועה ברחובות",
+  "CCTV": "CCTV",
+  "Radio": "רדיו",
+  "Bikeshare": "אופניים שיתופיים",
+  "Live AIS Vessels": "אוניות AIS חיות",
+  "Mapped Installations": "מתקנים ממופים",
+  "Global Context": "הקשר גלובלי",
+  "Datacenters": "מרכזי נתונים",
+  "Dams": "סכרים",
+  "Submarine Cables": "כבלים תת-ימיים",
+  "FIRMS Active Fires": "שרפות פעילות FIRMS",
+  "Local ADS-B": "ADS-B מקומי",
+  "OSM Places": "מקומות OSM",
+  "Transit": "תחבורה ציבורית",
+  "Recent Imagery": "צילומים אחרונים",
+  "Fire Perimeters": "היקפי שרפות",
+  "GNSS Integrity": "שלמות GNSS",
+  "Prohibited & Restricted Airspace": "שמיים אסורים ושמורים",
+  "S2 GhostMaps": "S2 GhostMaps",
+  "Rain radar": "רדאר גשם",
+  "Lightning density": "צפיפות מכות",
+  "Cyclone advisories": "ייעוצי ציקלונים",
+  "ALPR Cameras": "מצלמות ALPR",
+  "Sea Marks": "סימני ים",
+  "Ski Pistes": "מסלולי סקי",
+  "Live Vessels": "אוניות חיות",
+  "Bike Share": "אופניים שיתופיים",
+  "Cameras": "מצלמות",
+  "Street Level": "Street Level",
+  "Mapped ALPR Cameras": "מצלמות ALPR ממופות",
+  "Data Centers": "מרכזי נתונים",
+  "Active Fires": "שרפות פעילות",
+  "Military aircraft": "מטוס צבאי",
+  "Vessels": "אוניות",
+  "CCTV + Street View fallback": "CCTV + גיבוי Street View",
+  "OpenStreetMap + optional Google Maps Places": "OpenStreetMap + Google Maps Places אופציונלי",
+  "GFS / ECMWF IFS · FORECAST": "GFS / ECMWF IFS · חזוי",
+  "NOAA nowCOAST · OBSERVED": "NOAA nowCOAST · נצפה",
+  "NASA FIRMS · LIVE": "NASA FIRMS · חי",
+  "OSM routing": "ניתוב OSM",
+  "data source|Local": "מקומי",
+  "ON": "פעיל",
+  "ENABLING": "מפעיל",
+  "DISABLING": "מכבה",
+  "Movement": "תנועה",
+  "Infrastructure": "תשתיות",
+  "Events": "אירועים",
+  "Wildlife": "חיות בר",
+  "Weather": "מזג אוויר",
+  "Utilities": "כלי עזר",
+  "Audio": "שמע",
+  "UNCERTAIN": "לא ודאי",
+  "Data source unavailable": "מקור הנתונים אינו זמין",
+  "{name}: {state}": "{name}: {state}",
+  "status chip|UNAVAILABLE": "לא זמין",
+  "Other layers": "שכבות אחרות",
+  "{state} · {source}": "{state} · {source}",
+  "UNCERTAIN · {source} · lifecycle state requires reconciliation": "לא ודאי · {source} · מצב מחזור החיים מצריך התאמה",
+  "{state} · {source} · {detail} · retry {seconds}s": "{state} · {source} · {detail} · ניסיון חוזר בעוד {seconds} שנ'",
+  "{state} · {source} · {detail}": "{state} · {source} · {detail}",
+  "never": "לעולם לא",
+  "{source} · {loadingLabel}": "{source} · {loadingLabel}",
+  "{accepted} of {raw} records accepted": "התקבלו {accepted} מתוך {raw} רשומות",
+  "incomplete snapshot": "תמונת מצב שאינה שלמה",
+  "{state} · {source} · {detail} · {ago}": "{state} · {source} · {detail} · {ago}",
+  "{state} · {source} · {ago} · retrying in {seconds}s": "{state} · {source} · {ago} · מנסה שוב בעוד {seconds} שנ'",
+  "{state} · {source} · {ago}": "{state} · {source} · {ago}",
+  "{source} · {ago}": "{source} · {ago}",
+  "{count}s ago": "לפני {count} שנ'",
+  "Local FM stopped: internet radio started": "FM מקומי נעצר: רדיו אינטרנט החל",
+  "IDLE": "אין פעילות",
+  "CONNECTING": "מתחבר",
+  "TUNING": "מכוון",
+  "STREAMING": "זורם",
+  "UNSUPPORTED": "אינו נתמך",
+  "idle": "רדום",
+  "running": "רץ",
+  "suspended": "מושהה",
+  "closed": "סגור",
+  "feed status|live": "חי",
+  "feed status|stale": "מיושן",
+  "feed status|unreachable": "בלתי נגיש",
+  "feed status|invalid": "בלתי תקין",
+  "waiting for IQ": "ממתין ל-IQ",
+  "{count} messages": {
+    "one": "{count} הודעות",
+    "two": "{count} הודעות",
+    "other": "{count} הודעות"
+  },
+  "DSP {count} blocks": {
+    "one": "{count} בלוקים DSP",
+    "two": "{count} בלוקים DSP",
+    "other": "{count} בלוקים DSP"
+  },
+  "DSP waiting": "DSP ממתין",
+  "{level} dBFS audio": "{level} dBFS שמע",
+  "audio signal --": "אות שמע --",
+  "audio {state}": "שמע {state}",
+  "{count} HEARD": {
+    "one": "{count} נשמעו",
+    "two": "{count} נשמעו",
+    "other": "{count} נשמעו"
+  },
+  "DISCONNECT": "נתק",
+  "CONNECT": "חבר",
+  "LOCATING…": "מאתר…",
+  "LOCATED": "אותר",
+  "LOCATE": "אתר",
+  " · read while Local ADS-B is on": " · נקרא בזמן ש-Local ADS-B פעיל",
+  "Decoder feeds: {feeds}": "פידי דקודר: {feeds}",
+  "📍 Location: --": "📍 מיקום: --",
+  "Landmark: --": "ציון דרך: --",
+  "Searched location": "המקום שנחפש",
+  "Location not found": "המקום לא נמצא",
+  "Check the spelling and press Enter to search again.": "בדוק את האיות והקש Enter כדי לחפש שוב.",
+  "Search failed": "החיפוש נכשל",
+  "Press Enter to try again.": "הקש Enter לניסיון חוזר.",
+  "Detailed outline unavailable": "קו המתאר המפורט אינו זמין",
+  "Fly to a POI first": "עוף קודם אל נקודת עניין",
+  "{label} unavailable: {hint}": "{label} אינו זמין: {hint}",
+  "MAP": "מפה",
+  "Layers": "שכבות",
+  "Search": "חיפוש",
+  "More": "עוד",
+  "Panel layout updated — positions reset to new defaults": "פריסת הפאנלים עודכנה — המקומות אופסו לברירות המחדל החדשות",
+  "DATA LAYERS": "שכבות נתונים",
+  "UTILITIES": "כלי עזר",
+  "AUTHORING": "יצירה",
+  "DISPLAY": "תצוגה",
+  "WEATHER": "מזג אוויר",
+  "RECENT IMAGERY": "צילומים אחרונים",
+  "STREET LEVEL": "STREET LEVEL",
+  "CONTEXT": "הקשר",
+  "Austin": "אוסטין",
+  "San Francisco": "סן פרנסיסקו",
+  "New York": "ניו יורק",
+  "Tokyo": "טוקיו",
+  "London": "לונדון",
+  "Paris": "פריז",
+  "Dubai": "דובאי",
+  "Washington DC": "וושינגטון די. סי.",
+  "Tallinn": "טאלין",
+  "Los Angeles": "לוס אנג׳לס",
+  "CH {index} / {total}": "ערוץ {index} / {total}",
+  "NO STATIONS": "אין תחנות",
+  "NO STATION AVAILABLE": "אין תחנה זמינה",
+  "{name}, station {index} of {total}": "{name}, תחנה {index} מתוך {total}",
+  "No station available": "אין תחנה זמינה",
+  "OFF AIR": "מחוץ לשידור",
+  "STATION UNAVAILABLE": "התחנה אינה זמינה",
+  "Station unavailable after directory refresh": "התחנה אינה זמינה אחרי רענון המדריך",
+  "Radio could not {action} cleanly": "הרדיו לא השלים את {action} בנקיון",
+  "SYNC": "סנכרון",
+  "RECONCILE": "התאמה",
+  "DISABLE": "כיבוי",
+  "ENABLE": "הפעלה",
+  "Reconcile Radio — lifecycle uncertain": "התאמת הרדיו — מחזור חיים לא ודאי",
+  "Disable Radio": "כיבוי הרדיו",
+  "Enable Radio": "הפעלת הרדיו",
+  "{category} ({count})": "{category} ({count})",
+  "DIRECTORY BAND": "פס המדריך",
+  "{category} BAND": "פס {category}",
+  "Directory metadata only": "רק מידע מהמדריך",
+  "Loading station directory…": "טוען את מדריך התחנות…",
+  "Choose a globe marker or use next.": "בחר סמן על הגלובוס או השתמש בהבא.",
+  "Play": "נגן",
+  "PAUSE": "השהה",
+  "RESUME": "המשך",
+  "PLAY": "נגינה",
+  "selected": "נבחר",
+  "nearest": "הקרוב",
+  "{action} {target} radio station": "{action} את תחנת הרדיו {target}",
+  "station": "תחנה",
+  " · stale/degraded directory": " · מדריך מיושן/מופחת",
+  " · degraded directory": " · מדריך מופחת",
+  " · stale directory": " · מדריך מיושן",
+  " · outside current filter": " · מחוץ למסנן הנוכחי",
+  "Ready — playback starts only from your action": "מוכן — ההשמעה תחל רק מהפעולה שלך",
+  "Radio off": "הרדיו כבוי",
+  "Connecting directly to broadcaster…": "מתחבר ישירות למשדר…",
+  "Buffering broadcaster stream…": "אוגר את זרימת המשדר…",
+  "Playing {station}": "מנגן {station}",
+  "Paused {station}": "הושהתה {station}",
+  "Broadcaster stream unavailable": "זרימת המשדר אינה זמינה",
+  " · muted during voice interaction": " · מושתק בזמן אינטראקציה קולית",
+  " · restoring volume after voice": " · מחזיר עוצמה אחרי הקול",
+  " · static indicates no broadcaster audio": " · רקע רק מעיד שאין שמע מהמשדר",
+  " · tuning static until broadcaster starts": " · רקע עד לתחילת השידור של המשדר",
+  "Station unavailable after directory refresh — choose another channel": "התחנה אינה זמינה אחרי רענון המדריך — בחר ערוץ אחר",
+  "Radio is enabling…": "הרדיו במהלך הפעלה…",
+  "Radio is disabling…": "הרדיו במהלך כיבוי…",
+  "Radio lifecycle is uncertain — use Enable or Disable to reconcile": "מחזור חיי הרדיו אינו ודאי — השתמש בהפעלה או בכיבוי כדי להתאים",
+  "NO STATION SELECTED": "לא נבחרה תחנה",
+  "TAGS · {tags}": "תגיות · {tags}",
+  "SYNCING": "מסנכרן",
+  "READY": "מוכן",
+  "Clear reading": "ניקוי הקריאה",
+  "Observed history": "היסטוריה נצפית",
+  "Earlier observation": "תצפית קודמת",
+  "Later observation": "תצפית מאוחרת",
+  "Newest frame per product": "השקופית החדשה לכל מוצר",
+  "Latest": "האחרונה",
+  "Replay observed history": "הצגת ההיסטוריה הנצפית שוב",
+  "Imagery on Esri · Google 3D returns when cleared": "צילומים ב-Esri · Google 3D חוזר כשמנקים",
+  "Point the camera at the ground to use the view": "כוון את המצלמה אל הקרקע כדי להשתמש בתצוגה",
+  "That point cannot anchor a box": "אין אפשרות לעגן תיבה באותה נקודה",
+  "Imagery stops at ±{limit}° latitude": "הצילומים נעצרים ברוחב ±{limit}°",
+  "{owner} is using the pointer — close it first": "{owner} משתמש במצביע — סגור אותו תחילה",
+  "Box is {size} wide · limit {limit}": "רוחב התיבה {size} · מגבלה {limit}",
+  "View is {size} wide · limit {limit}": "רוחב התצוגה {size} · מגבלה {limit}",
+  "VS BASEMAP": "מול מפת הבסיס",
+  "A / B": "A / B",
+  "Newest low-cloud day for this box · scene cloud, not box cloud": "היום החדש ביותר בעל עננות נמוכה לתיבה הזאת · עננות הסצנה, לא עננות התיבה",
+  "Newest day covering this box · cloudier than 20%": "היום החדש ביותר המכסה את התיבה הזאת · מעונן מ-20%",
+  "Newest day with imagery for this box · partial coverage": "היום החדש ביותר עם צילומים לתיבה הזאת · כיסוי חלקי",
+  "Newest daily overview for this box": "הסקירה היומית החדשה ביותר לתיבה הזאת",
+  "newest clear day": "היום הבהיר החדש ביותר",
+  "newest day (cloudy)": "היום החדש ביותר (מעונן)",
+  "newest day (partial coverage)": "היום החדש ביותר (כיסוי חלקי)",
+  "newest overview": "הסקירה החדשה ביותר",
+  "No imagery": "אין צילומים",
+  "Loading": "בטעינה",
+  "coverage|full": "מלא",
+  "coverage|partial": "חלקי",
+  "unknown": "לא ידוע",
+  "no imagery": "אין צילומים",
+  "{percent}% cloud": "{percent}% עננות",
+  "{min}–{max}% cloud": "{min}–{max}% עננות",
+  "NO BOX": "אין תיבה",
+  "SEARCHING": "מחפש",
+  "{count} DAYS": {
+    "one": "{count} ימים",
+    "two": "{count} ימים",
+    "other": "{count} ימים"
+  },
+  "Zoom in or draw a smaller box": "התקרב או שרטט תיבה קטנה יותר",
+  "Select a box or use the view": "בחר תיבה או השתמש בתצוגה",
+  "Searching the last 30 days": "מחפש ב-30 הימים האחרונים",
+  "No days to show for this box": "אין ימים להצגה לתיבה הזאת",
+  "Drag the divider · SWAP trades sides": "גרור את המפריד · SWAP מחליף צדדים",
+  "← → preview · A or B pins the focused day": "← → תצוגה מקדימה · A או B מקבע את היום במוקד",
+  "← → preview the other side · A or B pins it": "← → הצצת הצד השני · A או B מקבעים אותו",
+  "S on another day replaces it · × unpins": "S ביום אחר מחליף אותו · × מסיר את הקיבוע",
+  "← → preview · S shows the focused day": "← → תצוגה מקדימה · S מציג את היום במוקד",
+  "SELECT BOX": "בחירת תיבה",
+  "Drag a box on the map (Esc cancels)": "שרטט תיבה במפה (Esc מבטל)",
+  "USE VIEW": "שימוש בתצוגה",
+  "Use the current view as the box": "שימוש בתצוגה הנוכחית כתיבה",
+  "Forget the box and its images": "שכחת התיבה ותמונותיה",
+  "PREVIEW": "תצוגה מקדימה",
+  "SHOW": "הצגה",
+  "Pin {day} as {slot}": "קיבוע {day} כ-{slot}",
+  "Show {day}": "הצגת {day}",
+  "pinned {slot}": "מקובע {slot}",
+  "shown": "מוצג",
+  "preview": "תצוגה מקדימה",
+  "Checking": "בודק",
+  "Newest day with imagery for this box": "היום החדש ביותר עם צילומים לתיבה הזאת",
+  "start here": "התחל כאן",
+  "No box": "אין תיבה",
+  "Searching": "מחפש",
+  "Every day is empty here": "כל הימים ריקים כאן",
+  "Sources off": "המקורות כבויים",
+  "Not set": "לא הוגדר",
+  "Basemap": "מפת בסיס",
+  "Source off": "מקור כבוי",
+  "VS": "מול",
+  "Unpin {slot}": "הסרת קיבוע {slot}",
+  "Unpin the image": "הסרת קיבוע התמונה",
+  "EXPORT {slot}": "ייצוא {slot}",
+  "EXPORT": "ייצוא",
+  "Download {slot} as a PNG": "הורדת {slot} כקובץ PNG",
+  "Download the image as a PNG": "הורדת התמונה כקובץ PNG",
+  "Box {width} × {height} km": "תיבה {width} × {height} ק\"מ",
+  "Acquired {time}": "נאסף {time}",
+  "Coverage {coverage}": "כיסוי {coverage}",
+  "START HERE · {reason}": "התחלה כאן · {reason}",
+  "Daily overview shows little detail in a box this small": "הסקירה היומית מציגה מעט פירוט בתיבה קטנה כל כך",
+  "Imagery: NASA GIBS and Worldview · HLS (Sentinel-2, Landsat 8/9) and VIIRS": "צילומים: NASA GIBS ו-Worldview · HLS (Sentinel-2, Landsat 8/9) ו-VIIRS",
+  "Details": "פרטים",
+  "Times, coverage, sources": "זמנים, כיסוי, מקורות",
+  "HIDE EMPTY DAYS": "הסתרת ימים ריקים",
+  "SHOW EMPTY DAYS · {count}": "הצגת ימים ריקים · {count}",
+  "Days the probe found empty in this box": "הימים שהבדיקה מצאה ריקים בתיבה הזאת",
+  "image": "תמונה",
+  "BASEMAP": "מפת בסיס",
+  "The basemap": "מפת הבסיס",
+  "basemap": "מפת בסיס",
+  "Recent imagery against the basemap divider": "המפריד בין צילומים אחרונים למפת הבסיס",
+  "Recent imagery A and B divider": "המפריד בין צילומים אחרונים A ו-B",
+  "{before} {left} percent, {after} {right} percent": "{before} {left} אחוזים, {after} {right} אחוזים",
+  "Export failed · {error}": "הייצוא נכשל · {error}",
+  "START HERE": "התחלה כאן",
+  "Fly in until the view fits the 1,000 km limit": "עוף פנימה עד שהתצוגה נכנסת למגבלה של 1,000 ק\"מ",
+  "ZOOM IN": "התקרבות",
+  "Imagery days, newest first · arrows move, S or A and B pin": "ימי צילומים, חדש בראש · החצים מזיזים, S או A ו-B מקבעים",
+  "On the map": "על המפה",
+  "Mode": "מצב",
+  "Imagery opacity": "אטימות הצילומים",
+  "Trade the two sides of the divider": "החלפת שני צדי המפריד",
+  "SWAP": "החלפה",
+  "scene|PLAY": "נגן",
+  "Scene action failed": "פעולת הסצנה נכשלה",
+  "New scene name": "שם סצנה חדש",
+  "Delete scene \"{scene}\" and all shots?": "למחוק את הסצנה \"{scene}\" ואת כל השוטים?",
+  "Delete shot \"{shot}\"?": "למחוק את השוט \"{shot}\"?",
+  "Stopped (Esc)": "נעצר (Esc)",
+  "SPARSE": "דליל",
+  "BALANCED": "מאוזן",
+  "{duration}s + {hold}s": "{duration} שנ + {hold} שנ",
+  "Cancel": "ביטול",
+  "Shared flight follow expired": "עקיבת הטיסה המשותפת פגה",
+  "Shared military flight follow expired": "עקיבת הטיסה הצבאית המשותפת פגה",
+  "Shared satellite follow expired": "עקיבת הלוויין המשותפת פגה",
+  "Shared flight could not be restored — feed unavailable": "לא ניתן לשחזר את הטיסה המשותפת — הפיד אינו זמין",
+  "Shared military flight could not be restored — feed unavailable": "לא ניתן לשחזר את הטיסה הצבאית המשותפת — הפיד אינו זמין",
+  "Shared satellite could not be restored — feed unavailable": "לא ניתן לשחזר את הלוויין המשותף — הפיד אינו זמין",
+  "Shared flight is unavailable": "הטיסה המשותפת אינה זמינה",
+  "Shared military flight is unavailable": "הטיסה הצבאית המשותפת אינה זמינה",
+  "Shared satellite is unavailable": "הלוויין המשותף אינו זמין",
+  "entity": "עצם",
+  "Shared {subject} follow expired": "עקיבת {subject} המשותף פגה",
+  "Shared {subject} could not be restored — feed unavailable": "לא ניתן לשחזר את {subject} המשותף — הפיד אינו זמין",
+  "Shared {subject} is unavailable": "{subject} המשותף אינו זמין",
+  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "{id} לא מדווח עכשיו — מציג היכן נראה לאחרונה",
+  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "{id} לא מדווח עכשיו — מציג היכן היה ב-{time}",
+  "This share link can't be opened": "לא ניתן לפתוח את קישור השיתוף הזה",
+  "Shared vessel is unavailable": "האונייה המשותפת אינה זמינה",
+  "ACQUIRING": "אוסף",
+  "SHARED {subject}": "{subject} משותף",
+  "subject": "עצם",
+  "LOADING LIVE DATA": "טוען נתונים חיים",
+  "LOAD COMPLETE": "הטעינה הושלמה",
+  "LOAD CANCELLED": "הטעינה בוטלה",
+  "LOAD FAILED": "הטעינה נכשלה",
+  "LIVE DATA OFF": "נתונים חיים כבויים",
+  "MAPPED SITES LOADED": "אתרים ממופים נטענו",
+  "RETRYING MAPPED SITES": "מנסה שוב אתרים ממופים",
+  "FETCHING MAPPED SITES": "שולף אתרים ממופים",
+  "RETRYING ALPR CAMERAS": "מנסה שוב מצלמות ALPR",
+  "FETCHING ALPR CAMERAS": "שולף מצלמות ALPR",
+  "OVERPASS TEMPORARILY UNAVAILABLE": "OVERPASS אינו זמין זמנית",
+  "OVERPASS RATE-LIMITED": "OVERPASS מוגבל בקצב",
+  "OVERPASS TIMED OUT": "OVERPASS חרג מהזמן הקצוב",
+  "OVERPASS COULD NOT COMPLETE THE QUERY": "OVERPASS לא השלים את השאילתה",
+  "MAP TILES TEMPORARILY UNAVAILABLE": "אריחי המפה אינם זמינים זמנית",
+  "MAPPED NAMES TEMPORARILY UNAVAILABLE": "השמות הממופים אינם זמינים זמנית",
+  "TURNING OFF LIVE DATA": "מכבה נתונים חיים",
+  "REFRESHING LIVE DATA": "מרענן נתונים חיים",
+  "syncing road network": "מסנכרן את רשת הכבישים",
+  "retry pending": "ניסיון חוזר בתור",
+  "retrying in {seconds}s": "מנסה שוב בעוד {seconds} שנ'",
+  "ALPR cameras": "מצלמות ALPR",
+  "OpenSky OAuth client missing/invalid": "לקוח ה-OAuth של OpenSky חסר או בלתי תקין",
+  "OpenSky OAuth rejected credentials": "אישורי ה-OAuth של OpenSky נדחו",
+  "OpenSky username/password rejected": "שם המשתמש/סיסמה של OpenSky נדחו",
+  "OpenSky auth missing": "חסר אימות OpenSky",
+  "OpenSky auth required": "נדרש אימות OpenSky",
+  "OpenSky auth invalid": "אימות OpenSky בלתי תקין",
+  "OpenSky auth failed": "אימות OpenSky נכשל",
+  "KartaView answered HTTP {status}": "KartaView השיב HTTP {status}",
+  "Panoramax answered HTTP {status}": "Panoramax השיב HTTP {status}",
+  "KartaView refused the request (code {code})": "KartaView סירב לבקשה (קוד {code})",
+  "Vector tiles unavailable (HTTP {status})": "אריחים וקטוריים אינם זמינים (HTTP {status})",
+  "GNSS feed unavailable (HTTP {status})": "פיד GNSS אינו זמין (HTTP {status})",
+  "{count} CelesTrak groups unavailable": {
+    "one": "{count} קבוצות CelesTrak אינן זמינות",
+    "two": "{count} קבוצות CelesTrak אינן זמינות",
+    "other": "{count} קבוצות CelesTrak אינן זמינות"
+  },
+  "{feed} feed unavailable": "הפיד {feed} אינו זמין",
+  "Source snapshot {minutes} min old": "תמונת המצב של המקור בת {minutes} דק",
+  "{source} rate limited (anonymous)": "{source} מוגבל בקצב (אנונימי)",
+  "{source} rate limited": "{source} מוגבל בקצב",
+  "{source} network error": "שגיאת רשת ב-{source}",
+  "Malformed {source} aircraft rows": "שורות המטוסים של {source} פגומות",
+  "Malformed {source} response": "תשובת {source} פגומה",
+  "rate limited": "מוגבל בקצב",
+  "routing service is rate limited": "שירות הניתוב מוגבל בקצב",
+  "route leg too long": "מקטע מסלול ארוך מדי",
+  "route too long": "המסלול ארוך מדי",
+  "routing busy — too many routes at once": "הניתוב עמוס — יותר מדי מסלולים בבת אחת",
+  "route proxy error": "שגיאת פרוקסי בניתוב",
+  "Routing unavailable (HTTP {status})": "הניתוב אינו זמין (HTTP {status})",
+  "Routing failed: {error}": "הניתוב נכשל: {error}",
+  "{error} — try again in a moment": "{error} — נסה שוב בעוד רגע",
+  "entry {n}": "פריט {n}",
+  "feeds {names} stale": {
+    "one": "הפידים {names} מיושנים",
+    "two": "הפידים {names} מיושנים",
+    "other": "הפידים {names} מיושנים"
+  },
+  "feeds {names} unreachable": {
+    "one": "הפידים {names} בלתי נגישים",
+    "two": "הפידים {names} בלתי נגישים",
+    "other": "הפידים {names} בלתי נגישים"
+  },
+  "feeds {names} invalid": {
+    "one": "הפידים {names} בלתי תקינים",
+    "two": "הפידים {names} בלתי תקינים",
+    "other": "הפידים {names} בלתי תקינים"
+  },
+  "Loading {feeds}": "טוען {feeds}",
+  "{count} heard": {
+    "one": "{count} נשמעו",
+    "two": "{count} נשמעו",
+    "other": "{count} נשמעו"
+  },
+  "USB {rate} msg/s": "USB {rate} הודעות/שנ",
+  "{rate} msg/s": "{rate} הודעות/שנ",
+  "{count} feeds live": {
+    "one": "{count} פידים חיים",
+    "two": "{count} פידים חיים",
+    "other": "{count} פידים חיים"
+  },
+  "{feed} {count} ({seconds}s old)": "{feed} {count} (בן {seconds} שנ)",
+  "Street Level toggle failed": "החלפת Street Level נכשלה",
+  "Street Level could not start": "Street Level לא הצליח להתחיל",
+  "ANY DATE": "תאריך כלשהו",
+  "LAST 10 YEARS": "10 השנים האחרונות",
+  "LAST 5 YEARS": "5 השנים האחרונות",
+  "LAST 3 YEARS": "3 השנים האחרונות",
+  "LAST 2 YEARS": "השנתיים האחרונות",
+  "LAST YEAR": "השנה האחרונה",
+  "LAST 6 MONTHS": "6 החודשים האחרונים",
+  "LAST 3 MONTHS": "3 החודשים האחרונים",
+  "LAST MONTH": "החודש האחרון",
+  "LAST {count} DAYS": {
+    "one": "{count} הימים האחרונים",
+    "two": "{count} הימים האחרונים",
+    "other": "{count} הימים האחרונים"
+  },
+  "{window} · SINCE {date}": "{window} · מאז {date}",
+  "Turn Street Level off": "כיבוי Street Level",
+  "Turn Street Level on": "הפעלת Street Level",
+  "{name} imagery on": "צילומי {name} פעילים",
+  "{name} imagery off": "צילומי {name} כבויים",
+  "Image by {creator}": "תמונה מאת {creator}",
+  " or ": " או ",
+  "OPEN {labels}": "פתח {labels}",
+  "Open {names} at the centre of the view": "פתח את {names} במרכז התצוגה",
+  "Zoom in to a street to open {names} here": "התקרב לרחוב כדי לפתוח את {names} כאן",
+  "Switch Street Level on to draw its coverage.": "הפעל Street Level כדי לצייר את כיסויו.",
+  "Every provider is switched off: light a chip to draw its coverage.": "כל הספקים כבויים: הדלק שבב כדי לצייר את כיסויו.",
+  "Loading this sequence…": "טוען את הרצף הזה…",
+  "{n} images in this sequence · Esc clears": {
+    "one": "{n} תמונות ברצף הזה · Esc מנקה",
+    "two": "{n} תמונות ברצף הזה · Esc מנקה",
+    "other": "{n} תמונות ברצף הזה · Esc מנקה"
+  },
+  "No sequences in view match the filter": "אין רצפים בתצוגה שתואמים את המסנן",
+  "No coverage in view": "אין כיסוי בתצוגה",
+  "{n} streets in view · click a line for its nearest photo": {
+    "one": "{n} רחובות בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונתו הקרובה",
+    "two": "{n} רחובות בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונתו הקרובה",
+    "other": "{n} רחובות בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונתו הקרובה"
+  },
+  "{n} sequences in view · click a line for its nearest photo": {
+    "one": "{n} רצפים בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונתו הקרובה",
+    "two": "{n} רצפים בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונתו הקרובה",
+    "other": "{n} רצפים בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונתו הקרובה"
+  },
+  "{n} sequences in view · click a line for its photos": {
+    "one": "{n} רצפים בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונותיו",
+    "two": "{n} רצפים בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונותיו",
+    "other": "{n} רצפים בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונותיו"
+  },
+  "km/h": "km/h",
+  "m/s": "m/s",
+  "mph": "mph",
+  "hPa": "hPa",
+  "kt": "kt",
+  "kts": "kts",
+  "ft": "ft",
+  "km": "km",
+  "m": "m",
+  "h": "h",
+  "min": "min",
+  "s": "s",
+  "dB": "dB",
+  "Current cockpit vision style: {style}. Activate for next style.": "סגנון הראייה הנוכחי בתא הטייס: {style}. הפעל למעבר לסגנון הבא.",
+  "Current style: {style} — click for next": "הסגנון הנוכחי: {style} — לחץ לסגנון הבא",
+  "Aircraft cockpit view": "תצוגת תא הטייס",
+  "LEVEL": "LEVEL",
+  "Estimated destination direction": "הכיוון המוערך אל היעד",
+  "OPTICAL PLANE · 01": "מישור אופטי · 01",
+  "VISOR LOCK · ACTIVE": "ויזור נעול · פעיל",
+  "GROUND SPEED · KTS": "מהירות קרקע · KTS",
+  "ALTITUDE · FT": "גובה · FT",
+  "FIRST PERSON": "גוף ראשון",
+  "Cockpit vision style": "סגנון הראייה בתא הטייס",
+  "Previous cockpit vision style": "סגנון הראייה הקודם בתא הטייס",
+  "Previous vision style": "סגנון הראייה הקודם",
+  "PREV": "הקודם",
+  "CURRENT": "נוכחי",
+  "Next cockpit vision style": "סגנון הראייה הבא בתא הטייס",
+  "Next vision style": "סגנון הראייה הבא",
+  "Current aircraft heading": "כיוון המטוס הנוכחי",
+  "GROUND SPEED": "מהירות קרקע",
+  "KTS": "KTS",
+  "ALTITUDE": "גובה",
+  "FT": "FT",
+  "ESC EXIT": "יציאה ESC",
+  "C TOGGLE": "מקש C להחלפה",
+  "View switcher": "מחליף התצוגות",
+  "Resetting cockpit to full globe view": "מאפס את תא הטייס לתצוגת הגלובוס המלאה",
+  "Reset cockpit to full globe view": "איפוס תא הטייס אל תצוגת הגלובוס המלאה",
+  "Exit cockpit and return to full globe view": "יציאה מתא הטייס וחזרה אל תצוגת הגלובוס המלאה",
+  "RESET": "איפוס",
+  "Exit cockpit view": "יציאה מתצוגת תא הטייס",
+  "EXIT COCKPIT": "יציאה מתא הטייס",
+  "Navigation, voice, and visual preset controls": "פקדי ניווט, קול וערכות ראייה",
+  "VISUAL PRESETS": "ערכות ראייה",
+  "Expand Visual Presets": "הרחבת ערכות הראייה",
+  "Pin visual presets": "הצמדת ערכות הראייה",
+  "Keep visual presets open": "השארת ערכות הראייה פתוחות",
+  "Show the globe without a visual filter.": "הצגת הגלובוס ללא מסנן ראייה.",
+  "Emulate a green phosphor CRT with scanlines and screen curvature.": "הדמיית CRT פוספור ירוק עם קווי סריקה ועקמומיות מסך.",
+  "Simulate night-vision goggles with green intensification and a tube vignette.": "הדמיית משקפי ראיית לילה עם הבהרה ירוקה ווינייטת צינור.",
+  "Simulate FLIR-style thermal contrast. Turn up Ironbow for color.": "הדמיית ניגודיות תרמית דמוית FLIR. הגדל את Ironbow לצבע.",
+  "Apply bright cel-shaded color and illustrated outlines.": "החלת צבע מובלט בסגנון אנימציה וקווי מתאר מומחשים.",
+  "Apply high-contrast monochrome film-noir grading.": "החלת גיוון חד-צבעי ניגודי בסגנון פילם-נואר.",
+  "MAP SOURCE": "מקור מפה",
+  "Map source": "מקור מפה",
+  "Style": "סגנון",
+  "LOCATION": "מיקום",
+  "Expand LOCATION": "הרחבת מיקום",
+  "Collapse panel": "קיפול הפאנל",
+  "Pin location tray": "הצמדת מגש המיקום",
+  "Keep location tray open": "השארת מגש המיקום פתוח",
+  "Search any location": "חיפוש כל מקום",
+  "Search any location...": "חיפוש כל מקום...",
+  "Search location by name or coordinates": "חיפוש מקום לפי שם או קואורדינטות",
+  "Active weather products": "מוצרי מזג אוויר פעילים",
+  "Imagery days in the box": "ימי הצילומים בתיבה",
+  "Context mode": "מצב ההקשר",
+  "CONTACTS": "מגעים",
+  "Cycles the nearest contacts of whatever type you select — planes, vessels, installations. Satellites track independently.": "מחזר את המגעים הקרובים מהסוג שתבחר — מטוסים, אוניות, מתקנים. לוויינים נעקבים בנפרד.",
+  "SPACE MISSIONS": "משימות חלל",
+  "SELECT CONTEXT": "בחירת ההקשר",
+  "CONTACTS — nearest planes · vessels · sites": "מגעים — המטוסים הקרובים · אוניות · אתרים",
+  "SPACE MISSIONS — launches & orbital assets": "משימות חלל — שיגורים ונכסים במסלול",
+  "Contact Context actions": "פעולות הקשר של מגעים",
+  "SEARCH NEARBY SITES": "חיפוש אתרים סמוכים",
+  "Reclassify tracked contact as TR-3B": "סיווג מחדש של המגע הנעקב כ-TR-3B",
+  "Restore real aircraft": "שחזור המטוס האמיתי",
+  "Reclassify as TR-3B": "סיווג מחדש כ-TR-3B",
+  "Return UI controls": "החזרת פקדי הממשק",
+  "EXIT CLEAN VIEW": "יציאה מהתצוגה הנקייה",
+  "Directions, drawing and your own files": "דרכי הגעה, שרטוט והקבצים שלך",
+  "Create and edit scenes": "יצירה ועריכה של סצנות",
+  "SCENE": "סצנה",
+  "Scene": "סצנה",
+  "Start a new, empty scene": "התחלת סצנה חדשה וריקה",
+  "NEW SCENE": "סצנה חדשה",
+  "Delete this scene and all of its shots": "מחיקת סצנה זו וכל שוטיה",
+  "DELETE": "מחיקה",
+  "SHOTS": "שוטים",
+  "Add the current view, style and layers as the next shot": "הוספת התצוגה, הסגנון והשכבות הנוכחיים כשוט הבא",
+  "+ CAPTURE SHOT": "+ לכידת שוט",
+  "Replace the selected shot with the current view": "החלפת השוט הנבחר בתצוגה הנוכחית",
+  "UPDATE SHOT": "עדכון שוט",
+  "Click a shot to select it, double-click to rename.": "לחץ על שוט לבחירתו, לחיצה כפולה לשינוי שם.",
+  "Play from this scene through the rest of the project": "נגינה מהסצנה הזאת ועד סוף הפרויקט",
+  "Stop playback (Esc)": "עצירת ההשמעה (Esc)",
+  "STOP": "עצירה",
+  "Play the shot after the selected one, moving on to the next scene when needed": "ניגון השוט שאחרי הנבחר, עם מעבר לסצנה הבאה כשצריך",
+  "SAVE & SHARE": "שמירה ושיתוף",
+  "Download every scene as a JSON file you can import later": "הורדת כל סצנה כקובץ JSON לייבוא בהמשך",
+  "Load scenes from an exported JSON file": "טעינת סצנות מקובץ JSON שיוצא",
+  "IMPORT": "ייבוא",
+  "Download the timing log of the last play": "הורדת יומן התזמון של הנגינה האחרונה",
+  "RUN LOG": "יומן הריצה",
+  "Edit anchors, data packs and shot details": "עריכת עוגנים, חבילות נתונים ופרטי שוט",
+  "EDIT DETAILS": "עריכת פרטים",
+  "Download this scene as JSON or an asset bundle": "הורדת סצנה זו כ-JSON או כחבילת נכסים",
+  "SHARE SCENE": "שיתוף הסצנה",
+  "The Google Maps key buys the photorealistic planet — everything else stacks on top.": "מפתח Google Maps קונה את כוכב הלכת הפוטוריאליסטי — כל היתר נבנה עליו.",
+  "Remove {title} from this app's saved keys": "הסרת {title} מהמפתחות השמורים של האפליקציה",
+  "POWER UP": "אתחול",
+  "GROUND STATION · PROVIDER SETTINGS": "תחנת קרקע · הגדרות ספקים",
+  "Close key setup": "סגירת הגדרת המפתח",
+  "Power up the globe": "אתחול הגלובוס",
+  "The globe already flies keyless. Every key below switches on another real feed — paste one and it's saved into this app's local configuration, then the server restarts itself. Server-side keys stay on this machine; Google Maps and Cesium ion run in the browser and must be provider-restricted. Keys you configured elsewhere are shown but never touched.": "הגלובוס כבר עף ללא מפתחות. לכל מפתח להלן הזנה אמיתית נוספת — הדבק אחד והוא נשמר לתצורה המקומית של האפליקציה, ואז השרת מאתחל את עצמו. מפתחות של שרת נשארים במכונה הזאת; Google Maps ו-Cesium ion רצים בדפדפן וחייבים הגבלה אצל הספק. מפתחות שהגדרת במקום אחר מוצגים אך לא נעולים.",
+  "This key runs in the browser by design — restrict it at the provider (see SECURITY.md)": "מפתח זה רץ בדפדפן מתוך תכנון — הגבל אותו אצל הספק (ראה SECURITY.md)",
+  "browser-side": "בצד הדפדפן",
+  "Supplied by your environment, Keychain, or launcher — change it where it was set": "מסופק על ידי הסביבה, ה-Keychain או מריץ ההפעלה — שנה אותו במקום שבו הוגדר",
+  "configured externally": "מוגדר במקום אחר",
+  "MANAGE ↗": "ניהול ↗",
+  "GET KEY ↗": "השגת מפתח ↗",
+  "{envVar} saved — paste to replace": "נשמר {envVar} — הדבק כדי להחליף",
+  "paste {envVar}": "הדבקת {envVar}",
+  "REMOVE": "הסרה",
+  "VOICE AUTH · CHATGPT OAUTH": "אימות קול · CHATGPT OAUTH",
+  "VOICE AUTH · API KEY": "אימות קול · מפתח API",
+  "Use OPENAI_API_KEY for the next cloud voice session": "שימוש ב-OPENAI_API_KEY להפעלת הקול בענן הבאה",
+  "Use the signed-in local ChatGPT/Codex OAuth session for the next cloud voice session": "שימוש בהפעלת ה-OAuth המקומית המחוברת של ChatGPT/Codex להפעלת הקול בענן הבאה",
+  "USE API KEY": "שימוש במפתח API",
+  "SAVE KEYS": "שמירת מפתחות",
+  "ESC to close": "Esc לסגירה",
+  "Visible map targets": "היעדים הגלויים במפה",
+  "NO PLACE LEFT BEHIND": "בלי מקום שנשאר מאחור",
+  "Rendered globe frames per second · toggle with `": "פריימי גלובוס לשנייה · החלפה עם `",
+  "ACTIVE STYLE": "הסגנון הפעיל",
+  "ORBIT": "הקפה",
+  "No shots yet. Use CAPTURE SHOT to save current look.": "אין עדיין שוטים. השתמש בלכידת שוט כדי לשמור את המראה הנוכחי.",
+  "Double-click to rename": "לחיצה כפולה לשינוי שם",
+  "Shot name": "שם השוט",
+  "LOAD": "טעינה",
+  "DEL": "מחיקה",
+  "MISSION CONTROL · FIRST LAUNCH": "חדר בקרה · שיגור ראשון",
+  "Choose your first view": "בחירת התצוגה הראשונה",
+  "LIVE CONTACTS": "מגעים חיים",
+  "Aircraft, vessels and nearby intelligence": "מטוסים, אוניות ומודיעין סמוך",
+  "Launches, spacecraft and orbital context": "שיגורים, חלליות והקשר המסלולי",
+  "EXPLORE MANUALLY": "חקירה ידנית",
+  "Begin with a clean globe": "התחלה מגלובוס נקי",
+  "Don't show this again": "אל תציג זאת שוב",
+  "ESC to dismiss": "Esc להסתרה",
+  "DISMISS": "הסתרה",
+  "CONTACTS CONTEXT OFF": "הקשר המגעים כבוי",
+  "SELECT CONTACTS TO LOAD OBSERVED / MAPPED PROXIMITY": "בחר מגעים לטעינת קרבה נצפית / ממופה",
+  "Bhote Koshi flood reconstruction controls": "פקדי שחזור השיטפון ב-Bhote Koshi",
+  "EVENT RECONSTRUCTION · 26 AUG 2026": "שחזור האירוע · 26.08.2026",
+  "BHOTE KOSHI OUTBURST FLOOD": "שיטפון ההתפרצות ב-Bhote Koshi",
+  "Close event layer": "סגירת שכבת האירוע",
+  "OBSERVED IMAGERY": "צילומים נצפים",
+  "SCHEMATIC CORRIDOR": "מסדרון סכמטי",
+  "2021 HISTORICAL REFERENCE / 2026 POST-EVENT": "מקור היסטורי 2021 / אחרי האירוע 2026",
+  "Historical reference and post-event image split": "הפיצול בין תמונת המקור ההיסטורי לתמונה שאחרי האירוע",
+  "Story beat navigation": "ניווט קטעי הסיפור",
+  "Play the next shot and continue through this scene": "נגינת השוט הבא והמשך לאורך הסצנה הזאת",
+  "↗ OPEN ORIGINAL": "↗ פתח את המקור",
+  "⌖ LOWER GORGE": "⌖ הקניון התחתון",
+  "FIELD REPORTS · {count}": "דוחות שטח · {count}",
+  "GEOLOCATIONS · {credit}": "מיקומים גיאוגרפיים · {credit}",
+  "↗ OPEN PUBLIC MAP": "↗ פתח מפה ציבורית",
+  " Clouds are preserved from the source imagery.": " העננים נשמרו מצילומי המקור.",
+  "ACQUIRING FRAME": "אוסף שקופית",
+  "CCTV ON": "CCTV פעיל",
+  "CCTV OFF": "CCTV כבוי",
+  "NEAREST": "הקרוב",
+  "CCTV camera": "מצלמת CCTV",
+  "CALIBRATION": "כיול",
+  "Drag the camera in the world: rings rotate, arrows move, handles set range/FOV": "גרור את המצלמה בעולם: טבעות מסובבות, חצים מזיזים, נקודות אחיזה קובעות טווח/FOV",
+  "Camera pose — click a value to type": "מצב המצלמה — לחץ על ערך להקלדה",
+  "Heading (compass °) — click to type": "כיוון (מעלות מצפן) — לחץ להקלדה",
+  "Pitch (° up/down) — click to type": "הטיה (° למעלה/למטה) — לחץ להקלדה",
+  "Horizontal FOV (°) — click to type": "FOV אופקי (°) — לחץ להקלדה",
+  "Range / monitor-plane distance (m) — click to type": "טווח / מרחק למישור המוניטור (מ׳) — לחץ להקלדה",
+  "Mount height above ground (m) — click to type": "גובה ההרכבה מעל הקרקע (מ׳) — לחץ להקלדה",
+  "North offset from catalog position (m) — click to type": "היסט צפונה ממיקום הקטלוג (מ׳) — לחץ להקלדה",
+  "East offset from catalog position (m) — click to type": "היסט מזרחה ממיקום הקטלוג (מ׳) — לחץ להקלדה",
+  "SAVE CAL": "שמירת כיול",
+  "RESET CAL": "איפוס כיול",
+  "SCENE SUMMARY": "סיכום הסצנה",
+  "Fly to Tokyo": "עיפה אל טוקיו",
+  "Show live flights": "הצגת טיסות חיות",
+  "AI chat": "צ׳אט AI",
+  "GEV CHAT": "צ׳אט GEV",
+  "Ask about the map. Tell it where to go.": "שאל על המפה. הגד לה לאן ללכת.",
+  "Settings": "הגדרות",
+  "Close chat": "סגירת הצ׳אט",
+  "Conversation": "שיחה",
+  "Explore with a question": "חקור באמצעות שאלה",
+  "Find a place, explore live data, or change your view.": "מצא מקום, חקור נתונים חיים, או שנה את תצוגתך.",
+  "YOU": "אתה",
+  "Attachments": "קבצים מצורפים",
+  "Remove attachment": "הסרת קובץ מצורף",
+  "Attach a map layer": "צירוף שכבת מפה",
+  "Choose a layer…": "בחר שכבה…",
+  "Attach layer": "צירוף שכבה",
+  "Attach a file": "צירוף קובץ",
+  "TXT, Markdown, CSV, JSON or GeoJSON · up to 10 KB in total. Attachments are sent to your AI provider with your message.": "TXT, Markdown, CSV, JSON או GeoJSON · עד 10 ק\"ב בסך הכול. הקבצים המצורפים נשלחים לספק ה-AI שלך עם ההודעה.",
+  "Latest AI response": "התשובה האחרונה מה-AI",
+  "Expand conversation": "הרחבת השיחה",
+  "Command suggestions": "הצעות פקודות",
+  "Expand chat": "הרחבת הצ׳אט",
+  "Add attachment": "הוספת קובץ מצורף",
+  "Message GEV": "כתוב אל GEV",
+  "Ask GEV anything about the map…": "שאל את GEV כל דבר על המפה…",
+  "Stop reply": "עצירת תשובה",
+  "Send message": "שליחת הודעה",
+  "Cockpit briefing carousel": "קרוסלת דיווחי תא הטייס",
+  "Cockpit briefing controls": "פקדי דיווחי תא הטייס",
+  "Previous briefing page": "עמוד הדיווח הקודם",
+  "Next briefing page": "עמוד הדיווח הבא",
+  "Expand cockpit briefing panel": "הרחבת פאנל דיווחי תא הטייס",
+  "Collapse cockpit briefing panel": "קיפול פאנל דיווחי תא הטייס",
+  "Expand briefing panel": "הרחבת פאנל הדיווח",
+  "Collapse briefing panel": "קיפול פאנל הדיווח",
+  "Live signals": "אותות חיים",
+  "Latest regional news": "חדשות אזוריות אחרונות",
+  "Location-based information": "מידע לפי מקום",
+  "TEMP": "טמפ",
+  "WIND": "רוח",
+  "SKY": "שמיים",
+  "PRECIP": "משקעים",
+  "MM": "מ״מ",
+  "Weather data by Open-Meteo.com": "נתוני מזג אוויר מאת Open-Meteo.com",
+  "Cockpit briefing pages": "עמודי הדיווח של תא הטייס",
+  "Show Live Signals": "הצגת אותות חיים",
+  "SIG": "אות",
+  "Show Regional News": "הצגת חדשות אזוריות",
+  "NEWS": "חדשות",
+  "Show Local Info": "הצגת מידע מקומי",
+  "LOCAL": "מקומי",
+  "Disable cockpit weather effects": "כיבוי אפקטי מזג האוויר של תא הטייס",
+  "Enable cockpit weather effects": "הפעלת אפקטי מזג האוויר של תא הטייס",
+  "Contact cockpit summary": "סיכום מגע בתא הטייס",
+  "CONTACT": "מגע",
+  "Contact navigation": "ניווט המגע",
+  "Expand Contact panel": "הרחבת פאנל המגע",
+  "Collapse Contact panel": "קיפול פאנל המגע",
+  "Expand contact panel": "הרחבת פאנל המגע",
+  "Collapse contact panel": "קיפול פאנל המגע",
+  "CONTEXT ONLY": "הקשר בלבד",
+  "Nearby cohort counts": "מניין הקבוצות הסמוכות",
+  "FLT": "FLT",
+  "MIL": "MIL",
+  "SITE": "אתר",
+  "NEAREST OBSERVED / MAPPED": "הנצפים / הממופים הקרובים",
+  "WX": "WX",
+  "Estimated flight plan": "תכנון הטיסה המשוער",
+  "ESTIMATED FLIGHT PLAN": "תוכנית טיסה משוערת",
+  "FROM": "מ-",
+  "TO": "אל",
+  "Collapse Cockpit display options": "קיפול אפשרויות התצוגה של תא הטייס",
+  "Expand Cockpit display options": "הרחבת אפשרויות התצוגה של תא הטייס",
+  "Collapse Cockpit Radio controls": "קיפול פקדי הרדיו של תא הטייס",
+  "Expand Cockpit Radio controls": "הרחבת פקדי הרדיו של תא הטייס",
+  "Cockpit display and Radio controls": "פקדי התצוגה והרדיו של תא הטייס",
+  "Cockpit display options": "אפשרויות תצוגה בתא הטייס",
+  "RADIO": "רדיו",
+  "Cockpit compact Radio controls": "פקדי רדיו קומפקטיים בתא הטייס",
+  "Previous filtered radio station": "התחנה הקודמת לפי המסנן",
+  "Play selected radio station": "נגינת התחנה הנבחרת",
+  "Next filtered radio station": "התחנה הבאה לפי המסנן",
+  "VOLUME": "עוצמה",
+  "Cockpit Radio volume": "עוצמת הרדיו בתא הטייס",
+  "Source": "מקור",
+  "Celestial ring — available in Normal style": "הטבעת השמיימית — זמינה בסגנון הרגיל",
+  "Celestial ring — reveal the full globe": "הטבעת השמיימית — חשיפת הגלובוס המלא",
+  "Proximity": "קרבה",
+  "All": "הכול",
+  "Elastic": "גמישה",
+  "Weighted": "משוקללת",
+  "Intelligence HUD (H)": "HUD מודיעין (H)",
+  "Layout": "פריסה",
+  "HUD layout": "פריסת ה-HUD",
+  "Tactical": "טקטי",
+  "Minimal": "מינימלי",
+  "Cyber": "סייבר",
+  "Sonar": "סונאר",
+  "Cyber sonar contact scanner": "סורק הסונאר הסייברי למגעים",
+  "Rings": "טבעות",
+  "Sonar ring count": "מניין טבעות הסונאר",
+  "Range": "טווח",
+  "Sonar ring range": "טווח הטבעות של הסונאר",
+  "Power": "עוצמה",
+  "Sonar intensity": "עצמת הסונאר",
+  "Opacity": "אטימות",
+  "Cyber contact and label opacity": "אטימות המגעים והתוויות הסייבריים",
+  "Minimum opacity for map dots, icons, models, brackets, and labels between sonar passes": "האטימות המזערית לנקודות המפה, סמלים, דגמים, סוגריים ותוויות בין מעברי הסונאר",
+  "Sector": "סקטור",
+  "Sonar sector width": "רוחב סקטור הסונאר",
+  "Detection Overlay (D)": "שכבת הזיהוי (D)",
+  "Detection overlay": "שכבת הזיהוי",
+  "DETECT": "זיהוי",
+  "Density": "צפיפות",
+  "Detection label density": "צפיפות תוויות הזיהוי",
+  "Allocation": "חלוקת המכסה",
+  "Detection label allocation": "חלוקת המכסה לתוויות הזיהוי",
+  "Fade": "התפוגגות",
+  "Detection fade distance": "מרחק התפוגגות הזיהוי",
+  "World-overlay fade distance outside the keyhole as a percentage of its radius": "מרחק התפוגגות שכבות העולם מחוץ לחור המנעול, כאחוז מרדיוסו",
+  "Outside": "מחוץ",
+  "Detection opacity outside the keyhole": "אטימות הזיהוי מחוץ לחור המנעול",
+  "World-overlay label and card opacity beyond the fade distance": "אטימות התוויות והכרטיסים של שכבות העולם מעבר למרחק ההתפוגגות",
+  "PARAMETERS": "פרמטרים",
+  "3D aircraft — flat icons zoomed out, 3D models up close": "מטוסים תלת-הממדיים — סמלים שטוחים בזום החוצה, דגמים תלת-הממדיים מקרוב",
+  "Models": "דגמים",
+  "3D model coverage": "כיסוי דגמים תלת-הממדיים",
+  "Scope — the circular viewport mask": "סקופ — מסכת התצוגה העגולה",
+  "Scope": "סקופ",
+  "Feather": "ריכוך",
+  "Scope edge feather": "ריכוך שפת הסקופ",
+  "Scope edge feather as a percentage of the keyhole radius": "ריכוך שפת הסקופ כאחוז מרדיוס חור המנעול",
+  "Celestial": "שמיימי",
+  "Hide UI chrome": "הסתרת מסגרת הממשק",
+  "Clean UI": "ממשק נקי",
+  "Bloom / Glow": "זוהר",
+  "Bloom intensity": "עוצמת הזוהר",
+  "Sharpening": "חידוד",
+  "Sharpen": "חידוד",
+  "Sharpen intensity": "עוצמת החידוד",
+  "Draw on the world — click vertices, double-click or Enter to finish, Esc to cancel": "שרטוט על העולם — לחץ על קודקודים, לחיצה כפולה או Enter לסיום, Esc לביטול",
+  "Shape to draw": "הצורה לשרטוט",
+  "Colour of the next shape": "הצבע של הצורה הבאה",
+  "Remove every mark from the board": "הסרת כל סימן מהלוח",
+  "Clear": "ניקוי",
+  "Drawn shapes": "צורות ששורטטו",
+  "Show your own GeoJSON, KML, KMZ or GPX files on the globe (or drop them onto it). File bytes stay on this device; overlays can appear in map screenshots shared with voice.": "הצגת קבצי GeoJSON, KML, KMZ או GPX משלך על הגלובוס (או גרירתם אליו). בתי הקבצים נשארים במכשיר הזה; שכבות-על עשויות להופיע בצילומי מסך המשותפים עם הקול.",
+  "Import": "ייבוא",
+  "Choose GeoJSON, KML, KMZ or GPX files": "בחירת קבצי GeoJSON, KML, KMZ או GPX",
+  "Imported files": "קבצים שיובאו",
+  "Globe actions": "פעולות גלובוס",
+  "Turn off all selected data layers": "כיבוי כל שכבות הנתונים הנבחרות",
+  "Copy share link": "העתקת קישור השיתוף",
+  "Return map to straight-down view": "החזרת המפה לתצוגה ישרה מלמעלה",
+  "Tilt map to oblique view": "הטיית המפה לתצוגה אלכסונית",
+  "Toggle straight-down and tilted map views": "החלפה בין תצוגה ישרה מלמעלה ותצוגה מוטה",
+  "Resetting to full globe view": "מאפס לתצוגת הגלובוס המלאה",
+  "Reset to full globe view": "איפוס לתצוגת הגלובוס המלאה",
+  "Reset camera and return to full globe view": "איפוס המצלמה וחזרה לתצוגת הגלובוס המלאה",
+  "Reset map to north up": "איפוס המפה אל צפון מעלה",
+  "Reset map to north up. Current heading {heading} degrees": "איפוס המפה אל צפון מעלה. הכיוון הנוכחי {heading} מעלות",
+  "Reset map bearing to north": "איפוס כיוון המפה לצפון",
+  "Language: {language}": "שפה: {language}",
+  "Change the interface language": "שינוי שפת הממשק",
+  "Interface language": "שפת הממשק",
+  "Search languages": "חיפוש שפות",
+  "No matching languages": "אין שפות תואמות",
+  "Selected Space Mission": "משימת החלל הנבחרת",
+  "SELECTED SPACE MISSION": "משימת החלל הנבחרת",
+  "Show all missions": "הצגת כל המשימות",
+  "Deselect mission": "ביטול בחירת המשימה",
+  "MISSION": "משימה",
+  "STATUS · ": "מצב · ",
+  "LAUNCH SITE · ": "אתר שיגור · ",
+  "LAUNCH TIME · ": "זמן שיגור · ",
+  "ORBIT · ": "מסלול · ",
+  "ASCENT PATH · ": "מסלול עלייה · ",
+  "CURRENT DISTANCE FROM EARTH · ": "המרחק הנוכחי מכדור הארץ · ",
+  "SATELLITE SPEED · ": "מהירות הלוויין · ",
+  "PAYLOAD": "מטען",
+  "NAME": "שם",
+  "TYPE": "סוג",
+  "DESTINATION": "יעד",
+  "PAYLOAD DATA UNAVAILABLE": "נתוני המטען אינם זמינים",
+  "STAGE / RE-ENTRY / RECOVERY": "שלב / חדירה / שחזור",
+  "STAGE": "שלב",
+  "STATUS": "מצב",
+  "FINAL POSITION": "המיקום הסופי",
+  "NO STAGE RE-ENTRY / RECOVERY DATA": "אין נתוני חדירה / שחזור שלב",
+  "REPLAY SPEED": "מהירות ההצגה החוזרת",
+  "Replay speed multiplier": "מכפיל מהירות ההצגה החוזרת",
+  "Replay the estimated ascent with a following camera": "הצגת העלייה המשוערת שוב, עם מצלמה עוקבת",
+  "REPLAY ASCENT": "הצגת העלייה שוב",
+  "Cancel replay": "ביטול ההצגה החוזרת",
+  "Previous mission": "המשימה הקודמת",
+  "Next mission": "המשימה הבאה",
+  "SHOW ALL / DESELECT": "הצגת הכול / ביטול הבחירה",
+  "Available Space Missions": "משימות החלל הזמינות",
+  "AVAILABLE MISSIONS": "המשימות הזמינות",
+  "SELECT A MISSION TO INSPECT": "בחר משימה לבחינה",
+  "LOADING 30-DAY MISSION INDEX": "טוען את מפתח המשימות ל-30 יום",
+  "TAB PREVIEWS · ENTER / SPACE SELECTS": "TAB מראה פרצים · Enter / מקש הרווח בוחר",
+  "Panel position": "מקום הפאנל",
+  "Move above the dock": "מעבר מעל העגינה",
+  "Dock to the right": "עגינה מימין",
+  "Expand panel": "הרחבת הפאנל",
+  "Minimize panel": "מזעור הפאנל",
+  "Panels": "פאנלים",
+  "Expand Radio section": "הרחבת מדור הרדיו",
+  "Collapse Radio section": "קיפול מדור הרדיו",
+  "Expand Radio": "הרחבת הרדיו",
+  "Collapse Radio": "קיפול הרדיו",
+  "Internet radio and local SDR": "רדיו אינטרנט ו-SDR מקומי",
+  "STATION TAG": "תגי תחנה",
+  "Filter stations by station tag": "סינון תחנות לפי תגית התחנה",
+  "Enable Radio, then choose a globe marker or use next.": "הפעל את הרדיו, ואז בחר סמן על הגלובוס או השתמש בהבא.",
+  "Radio playback": "נגינת הרדיו",
+  "Previous filtered station": "התחנה הקודמת לפי המסנן",
+  "Play selected station": "נגינת התחנה הנבחרת",
+  "Next filtered station": "התחנה הבאה לפי המסנן",
+  "Stop radio playback": "עצירת נגינת הרדיו",
+  "Radio volume": "עוצמת רדיו",
+  "STATION SITE": "אתר התחנה",
+  "DIRECTORY: RADIO BROWSER": "מדריך: RADIO BROWSER",
+  "Audio connects directly to the broadcaster when you press play, choose a station on the globe or ask voice to play. Your IP is visible to that broadcaster.": "השמע מתחבר ישירות למשדר כשלוחצים על נגן, בוחרים תחנה בגלובוס או מבקשים בקול לנגן. ה-IP שלך גלוי למשדר הזה.",
+  "DRAG TO TUNE": "גרירה לכיוון",
+  "Tune available internet radio stations": "כוונון תחנות הרדיו הזמינות באינטרנט",
+  "ALL · DRAG THE NEEDLE": "הכול · גרור את המחט",
+  "SNAPS TO AVAILABLE STATIONS": "נצמד לתחנות הזמינות",
+  "{count} files selected": {
+    "one": "נבחרו {count} קבצים",
+    "two": "נבחרו {count} קבצים",
+    "other": "נבחרו {count} קבצים"
+  },
+  "No file chosen": "לא נבחר קובץ",
+  "Choose files": "בחירת קבצים",
+  "Scene actions": "פעולות סצנה",
+  "Local RTL-SDR receiver": "מקלט RTL-SDR מקומי",
+  "LOCAL RTL-SDR": "RTL-SDR מקומי",
+  "Chrome/Edge · WebUSB · one local tuner shared by FM and the Local ADS-B layer.": "Chrome/Edge · WebUSB · מכוון מקומי אחד המשותף ל-FM ולשכבת Local ADS-B.",
+  "Use your location for faster ADS-B position decoding": "שימוש במיקומך לפענוח מהיר יותר של מיקומי ADS-B",
+  "Choose a different RTL-SDR or receiver channel": "בחירת RTL-SDR או ערוץ מקלט אחר",
+  "CHANGE DEVICE": "החלפת מכשיר",
+  "RTL-SDR receiver mode": "מצב מקלן ה-RTL-SDR",
+  "GAIN": "הגברה",
+  "RTL-SDR tuner gain for the current mode": "הגברת מכוון ה-RTL-SDR למצב הנוכחי",
+  "AUTO": "אוטומטי",
+  "MSG/S": "MSG/S",
+  "HEARD": "נשמעו",
+  "POSITIONED": "הוגדר מקום",
+  "FM MHZ": "FM MHZ",
+  "TUNE": "כוונון",
+  "Seek broadcast FM stations": "חיפוש תחנות FM שידוריות",
+  "◀ SEEK": "◀ חיפוש",
+  "SEEK ▶": "חיפוש ▶",
+  "SDR VOL": "עוצמת SDR",
+  "Local SDR volume": "עוצמת ה-SDR המקומי",
+  "Turn Street Level on or off": "הפעלה או כיבוי של Street Level",
+  "FIT": "התאמה",
+  "Fit: show the whole photo, with dark bars where its shape differs from the frame": "התאמה: הצגת התמונה המלאה, בפסים כהים היכן שיחס הצורה שלה שונה מהמסגרת",
+  "FILL": "מילוי",
+  "Fill: fill the frame edge to edge, cropping the photo": "מילוי: מילוי המסגרת מקצה לקצה, תוך חיתוך התמונה",
+  "FLAT": "שטוחה",
+  "Shrink": "כיווץ",
+  "Expand": "הרחבה",
+  "Show the street-level view full screen (Esc shrinks it)": "הצגת תצוגת הרחוב במסך מלא (Esc מכווץ אותה)",
+  "SHRINK": "כיווץ",
+  "EXPAND": "הרחבה",
+  "Image fit": "התאמת התמונה",
+  "Close the image and deselect it on the map": "סגירת התמונה וביטול בחירתה במפה",
+  "Close the street-level image": "סגירת תמונת הרחוב",
+  "Street-level viewer": "מציג תמונות הרחוב",
+  "Open this image on the provider's site": "פתיחת התמונה באתר הספק",
+  "Imagery providers": "ספקי הצילומים",
+  "PROVIDERS": "ספקים",
+  "Imagery filters": "מסנני צילומים",
+  "IMAGERY": "צילומים",
+  "Panorama filter": "מסנן פנורמות",
+  "SINCE": "מאז",
+  "Voice assistant": "עוזר הקול",
+  "VOICE": "קול",
+  "Dismiss voice card": "הסתרת כרטיס הקול",
+  "Plan": "תוכנית",
+  "Referenced items": "הפריטים המוזכרים",
+  "NOTES & SOURCES": "הערות ומקורות",
+  "Voice provider": "ספק הקול",
+  "AI AGENT": "סוכן AI",
+  "Open AI chat": "פתיחת צ׳אט ה-AI",
+  "CHAT": "צ׳אט",
+  "VOICE CONTROL": "שליטה קולית",
+  "Voice Settings": "הגדרות הקול",
+  "Back to chat": "חזרה לצ׳אט",
+  "Back to voice": "חזרה לקול",
+  "Preview": "תצוגה מקדימה",
+  "Close voice panel": "סגירת פאנל הקול",
+  "Latest voice exchange": "חילופי הקול האחרונים",
+  "Try saying": "נסה לומר",
+  "What am I looking at?": "מה עיני רואות?",
+  "AI Provider": "ספק AI",
+  "The selected AI provider is shared by voice and chat.": "ספק ה-AI הנבחר משותף לקול ולצ׳אט.",
+  "Show quick commands": "הצגת פקודות מהירות",
+  "Chat replies are silent. No microphone access is needed.": "תשובות הצ׳אט שקטות. אין צורך בגישה למיקרופון.",
+  "Show Voice Preview": "הצגת תצוגה מקדימה לקול",
+  "Voice inactivity timeout": "תם זמן המנוחה של הקול",
+  "Custom": "מותאם",
+  "Minutes": "דקות",
+  "Voice model tier — applies next session": "דרגת מודל הקול — חלה מההפעלה הבאה",
+  "Estimated session cost": "העלות המוערכת של ההפעלה",
+  "Chat": "צ׳אט",
+  "voice|ERROR": "שגיאה",
+  "VOICE SYSTEM ERROR": "שגיאה במערכת הקול",
+  "Check microphone permission and network access, then try again.": "בדוק הרשאת המיקרופון וגישת הרשת, ואז נסה שוב.",
+  "seen {age} ago": "נראה לפני {age}",
+  "observed {age} ago": "נצפה לפני {age}",
+  "Reported by {name} ({entity})": "דווח על ידי {name} ({entity})",
+  "Reported by {name}": "דווח על ידי {name}",
+  "Open {name} on Acartia": "פתיחת {name} ב-Acartia",
+  "Open {name} on iNaturalist": "פתיחת {name} ב-iNaturalist",
+  "Close sighting": "סגירת התצפית",
+  "Loading photo...": "טוען תמונה...",
+  "Photo unavailable": "התמונה אינה זמינה",
+  "Photo of {name}": "תמונה של {name}",
+  "Location obscured to a 0.2° cell": "המיקום מטושטש לתא של 0.2°",
+  "Acartia": "Acartia",
+  "CC BY 4.0": "CC BY 4.0",
+  "Salish Sea": "Salish Sea",
+  "iNaturalist": "iNaturalist",
+  "Be Whale Wise": "Be Whale Wise",
+  "Detection overlay: {mode}": "שכבת הזיהוי: {mode}",
+  "Detection overlay: off": "שכבת הזיהוי: כבויה",
+  "Active weather": "מזג אוויר פעיל",
+  "{time} · {minutes} min ago": "{time} · לפני {minutes} דק",
+  "LATEST · newest per product": "האחרון · החדש ביותר לכל מוצר",
+  "Forecast · valid {valid} · issued {issued}": "חזוי · תקף {valid} · פורסם {issued}",
+  "{detail} · Does not follow history": "{detail} · אינו נע עם ההיסטוריה",
+  "Forecast · valid {valid}": "חזוי · תקף {valid}",
+  "You can attach up to four items.": "ניתן לצרף עד ארבעה פריטים.",
+  "Attachments are too large together. Use smaller files.": "הקבצים המצורפים גדולים יחד. השתמש בקבצים קטנים יותר.",
+  "Choose a TXT, Markdown, CSV, JSON or GeoJSON file.": "בחר קובץ TXT, Markdown, CSV, JSON או GeoJSON.",
+  "Each file must be 10 KB or smaller.": "כל קובץ חייב להיות בן 10 ק\"ב לכל היותר.",
+  "Choose a non-empty UTF-8 text file.": "בחר קובץ טקסט UTF-8 לא ריק.",
+  "Connecting…": "מתחבר…",
+  "Thinking…": "חושב…",
+  "voice|LISTENING": "מקשיב",
+  "Typed chat uses your OpenAI API key. ChatGPT sign-in covers voice only.": "צ׳אט בהקלדה משתמש במפתח ה-OpenAI API שלך. התחברות ChatGPT מכסה קול בלבד.",
+  "Working on the map…": "עובד על המפה…",
+  "Silent chat · microphone off": "צ׳אט שקט · מיקרופון כבוי",
+  "Reply interrupted. You can try again.": "התשובה הופסקה. אפשר לנסות שוב.",
+  "Could not connect. Try again.": "לא ניתן היה להתחבר. נסה שוב.",
+  "Session ended. Send a message to start a new conversation.": "ההפעלה הסתיימה. שלח הודעה כדי להתחיל שיחה חדשה.",
+  "Connection timed out. Try again.": "החיבור חרג מהזמן הקצוב. נסה שוב.",
+  "Chat closed.": "הצ׳אט נסגר.",
+  "Connection stopped.": "החיבור הופסק.",
+  "Message and attachments are too large. Remove an attachment or shorten your message.": "ההודעה והקבצים המצורפים גדולים יחד. הסר קובץ מצורף או קצר את ההודעה.",
+  "Message was not sent. Try again.": "ההודעה לא נשלחה. נסה שוב.",
+  "Reply stopped.": "התשובה נעצרה.",
+  "Reset to globe view": "איפוס לתצוגת הגלובוס",
+  "Show earthquakes": "הצגת רעידות האדמה",
+  "Suggestions": "הצעות",
+  "Recent": "אחרונים",
+  "Quick commands": "פקודות מהירות",
+  "voice|OFF": "כבוי",
+  "voice|CONNECTING": "מתחבר",
+  "voice|EXECUTING": "מבצע",
+  "THIS": "זה",
+  "Changing provider reconnects voice if it is on.": "החלפת הספק מחברת מחדש את הקול אם הוא פעיל.",
+  "STD": "רגיל",
+  "Voice control — activate to toggle voice; hold Space to speak": "שליטה קולית — הפעל להחלפת קול; החזק Space כדי לדבר",
+  "ON/OFF": "פעיל/כבוי",
+  "VOICE STANDBY": "הקול בהמתנה",
+  "Hold Space to speak · tap Space to activate focused controls": "החזק Space לדיבור · הקש Space להפעלת הפקדים במוקד",
+  "Voice replies appear here.": "תשובות הקול מופיעות כאן.",
+  "These preferences stay in this browser.": "העדפות אלה נשארות בדפדפן הזה.",
+  "Gemini returned an oversized audio chunk": "Gemini החזיר מקטע שמע עצום",
+  "Gemini returned an unsupported audio format": "Gemini החזיר תבנית שמע שאינה נתמכת",
+  "Gemini returned an invalid audio sample rate": "Gemini החזיר קצב דגימת שמע בלתי תקין",
+  "Gemini returned incomplete PCM audio": "Gemini החזיר שמע PCM שאינו שלם",
+  "This browser does not support Gemini microphone audio": "הדפדפן הזה אינו תומך בשמע המיקרופון של Gemini",
+  "Microphone audio processing failed": "עיבוד שמע המיקרופון נכשל",
+  "Gemini audio playback fell behind. Reconnect to continue.": "השמעת האודיו של Gemini נשארה מאחור. חבר מחדש כדי להמשיך.",
+  "Gemini token response did not include an ephemeral credential": "תשובת האסימון של Gemini לא כללה פרטי גישה זנים",
+  "Invalid Gemini connection endpoint": "נקודת החיבור של Gemini בלתי תקינה",
+  "Gemini voice could not connect. Try again.": "הקול של Gemini לא הצליח להתחבר. נסה שוב.",
+  "Gemini voice requires a same-origin app request": "הקול של Gemini דורש בקשה ממקור אחיד",
+  "Add a Gemini API key in Provider Settings": "הוסף מפתח Gemini API בהגדרות הספקים",
+  "The Gemini Live model configuration is invalid": "תצורת מודל Gemini Live בלתי תקינה",
+  "Gemini voice is starting too often. Try again shortly.": "הקול של Gemini מופעל בתדירות גבוהה מדי. נסה שוב בקרוב.",
+  "Gemini quota is unavailable. Try again later.": "המכסה של Gemini אינה זמינה. נסה שוב מאוחר יותר.",
+  "Gemini access was refused. Check the API key and model access.": "הגישה ל-Gemini נדחתה. בדוק את מפתח ה-API ואת גישת המודל.",
+  "Gemini Live is unavailable for the configured model.": "Gemini Live אינו זמין למודל המוגדר.",
+  "Token request is too large": "בקשת האסימון גדולה מדי",
+  "Use an empty JSON token request": "שימוש בבקשת אסימון JSON ריקה",
+  "Release Space to send": "שחרר את Space כדי לשלוח",
+  "Hold Space to talk": "החזק את Space כדי לדבר",
+  "Voice command context is too large": "הקשר פקודת הקול גדול מדי",
+  "Gemini reliable transport exceeded its queue limit. Start voice again.": "הערוץ האמין של Gemini חרג ממגבלת התור. הפעל את הקול שוב.",
+  "Gemini reliable transport did not drain. Start voice again.": "הערוץ האמין של Gemini לא התרוקן. הפעל את הקול שוב.",
+  "Gemini token request failed (HTTP {status})": "בקשת האסימון של Gemini נכשלה (HTTP {status})",
+  "Gemini token response did not include a valid model": "תשובת האסימון של Gemini לא כללה מודל תקין",
+  "Gemini token response did not include session settings": "תשובת האסימון של Gemini לא כללה הגדרות הפעלה",
+  "Gemini session settings do not match the input mode": "הגדרות ההפעלה של Gemini אינן תואמות את מצב הקלט",
+  "Requesting microphone": "מבקש מיקרופון",
+  "Gemini could not submit this input. Start voice again.": "Gemini לא הצליח להגיש את הקלט הזה. הפעל את הקול שוב.",
+  "Connecting to Gemini": "מתחבר ל-Gemini",
+  "Ask or command": "שאל או פקד",
+  "Gemini returned an oversized message": "Gemini החזיר הודעה עצומה",
+  "Gemini Live connection failed. Check network access, then start voice again.": "חיבור Gemini Live נכשל. בדוק גישת רשת, ואז הפעל את הקול שוב.",
+  "Gemini Live connection ended. Start voice again for a new conversation.": "חיבור Gemini Live הסתיים. הפעל את הקול שוב לשיחה חדשה.",
+  "Gemini Live could not start. Start voice again to request a fresh session.": "Gemini Live לא התחיל. הפעל את הקול שוב כדי לבקש הפעלה חדשה.",
+  "Start voice again for a fresh token and a new conversation.": "הפעל את הקול שוב לאסימון חדש ולשיחה חדשה.",
+  "Start voice again to request a fresh session credential.": "הפעל את הקול שוב כדי לבקש פרטי גישה חדשים להפעלה.",
+  "Microphone permission was denied. Allow microphone access and try again.": "הרשאת המיקרופון נדחתה. אפשר גישה למיקרופון ונסה שוב.",
+  "Gemini connection timed out. Try again.": "חיבור Gemini חרג מהזמן הקצוב. נסה שוב.",
+  "Gemini voice could not start": "הקול של Gemini לא הצליח להתחיל",
+  "Gemini did not finish the interrupted reply. Start voice again.": "Gemini לא סיים את התשובה שהופסקה. הפעל את הקול שוב.",
+  "Gemini session expiring; finishing the current reply": "הפעלת Gemini עומדת לפוג; מסיים את התשובה הנוכחית",
+  "Gemini rejected the voice session. Start voice again to request a fresh session.": "Gemini דחה את הפעלת הקול. הפעל את הקול שוב לבקשת הפעלה חדשה.",
+  "Start voice again for a fresh session credential. If it repeats, check Gemini model and API access.": "הפעל את הקול שוב לפרטי גישה חדשים. אם זה חוזר, בדוק את גישת המודל וה-API של Gemini.",
+  "Gemini action history is full. Start voice again for a fresh session.": "היסטוריית הפעולות של Gemini מלאה. הפעל את הקול שוב להפעלה חדשה.",
+  "Gemini requested too many simultaneous actions": "Gemini ביקש יותר מדי פעולות במקביל",
+  "Running command": "מריץ פקודה",
+  "Voice text command is too long": "פקודת הטקסט הקולית ארוכה מדי",
+  "Gemini voice is not connected": "הקול של Gemini אינו מחובר",
+  "Gemini interrupted input exceeded its buffer or wait limit. Start voice again.": "הקלט שהופסק של Gemini חרג מהחוצץ או ממגבלת ההמתנה. הפעל את הקול שוב.",
+  "Gemini Live connection is expiring. Start voice again for a new conversation.": "חיבור Gemini Live עומד לפוג. הפעל את הקול שוב לשיחה חדשה.",
+  "Voice off": "הקול כבוי",
+  "Gemini voice sessions have a time limit. When a session expires, start voice again for a new conversation.": "הפעלות הקול של Gemini מוגבלות בזמן. כשההפעלה פגה, הפעל את הקול שוב לשיחה חדשה.",
+  "Stopped by voice": "נעצר בקול",
+  "Automatic stop is unavailable for this voice connection.": "העצירה האוטומטית אינה זמינה לחיבור קול זה.",
+  "Preview is off.": "התצוגה המקדימה כבויה.",
+  "Your choice applies now, but could not be saved.": "הבחירה שלך חלה עכשיו, אך לא נשמרה.",
+  "WebRTC microphone support unavailable": "תמיכת מיקרופון WebRTC אינה זמינה",
+  "VOICE UNAVAILABLE": "הקול אינו זמין",
+  "VOICE ACTIVE": "הקול פעיל",
+  "Voice session could not be started.": "לא ניתן היה להתחיל את הפעלת הקול.",
+  "MINI": "מיני",
+  "Next session: {pendingId} — this session stays on {modelId}": "ההפעלה הבאה: {pendingId} — ההפעלה הזאת נשארת על {modelId}",
+  "Voice model: {pendingId} — click to switch to {target}; applies next session": "מודל הקול: {pendingId} — לחץ למעבר אל {target}; חל מההפעלה הבאה",
+  "standard": "רגיל",
+  "mini": "מיני",
+  "COST UNKNOWN": "העלות לא ידועה",
+  "ChatGPT OAuth session: {responses} response(s), {input} input and {output} output tokens, {captions} caption transcription(s) reported.": "הפעלת OAuth של ChatGPT: {responses} תשובות, {input} אסימוני קלט ו-{output} אסימוני פלט, {captions} תמלולי כתוביות שדווחו.",
+  "USD cost and the API spend cap are unavailable for this auth mode.": "העלות ב-USD ותקרת ההוצאה של ה-API אינם זמינים לאימות הזה.",
+  "Usage is incomplete because a response was still in flight when the session ended.": "השימוש חסר כי תשובה עוד הייתה בעיצומה כשההפעלה הסתיימה.",
+  "Estimated session cost on {modelId} — {responses} response(s). Warns at {warn}, ends the session at {cap}.": "עלות ההפעלה המוערכת על {modelId} — {responses} תשובות. מזהיר ב-{warn}, מסיים את ההפעלה ב-{cap}.",
+  "Estimate is incomplete — a response was still in flight when the session ended, so its usage was never reported.": "ההערכה חסרה — תשובה עוד הייתה בעיצומה כשההפעלה הסתיימה, ולכן השימוש שלה לא דווח מעולם.",
+  "STANDARD": "רגיל",
+  "{tier} applies next session": "{tier} חל מההפעלה הבאה",
+  "Session ended — cost cap {cost}": "ההפעלה הסתיימה — תקרת עלות {cost}",
+  "MIC": "MIC",
+  "Radio did not start": "הרדיו לא החל",
+  "state or province": "מדינה או מחוז",
+  "county or district": "נפה או פלך",
+  "neighbourhood": "שכונה",
+  "natural region": "אזור טבעי",
+  "Which {place}?": "איזו {place}?",
+  "Which place?": "איזה מקום?",
+  "{n} aircraft": {
+    "one": "{n} מטוסים",
+    "two": "{n} מטוסים",
+    "other": "{n} מטוסים"
+  },
+  "{n} military aircraft": {
+    "one": "{n} מטוסים צבאיים",
+    "two": "{n} מטוסים צבאיים",
+    "other": "{n} מטוסים צבאיים"
+  },
+  "{n} ships": {
+    "one": "{n} אוניות",
+    "two": "{n} אוניות",
+    "other": "{n} אוניות"
+  },
+  "{n} satellites": {
+    "one": "{n} לוויינים",
+    "two": "{n} לוויינים",
+    "other": "{n} לוויינים"
+  },
+  "{n} launches": {
+    "one": "{n} שיגורים",
+    "two": "{n} שיגורים",
+    "other": "{n} שיגורים"
+  },
+  "{n} earthquakes": {
+    "one": "{n} רעידות אדמה",
+    "two": "{n} רעידות אדמה",
+    "other": "{n} רעידות אדמה"
+  },
+  "{n} fire perimeters": {
+    "one": "{n} היקפי שרפות",
+    "two": "{n} היקפי שרפות",
+    "other": "{n} היקפי שרפות"
+  },
+  "{n} cyclones": {
+    "one": "{n} ציקלונים",
+    "two": "{n} ציקלונים",
+    "other": "{n} ציקלונים"
+  },
+  "{n} buses": {
+    "one": "{n} אוטובוסים",
+    "two": "{n} אוטובוסים",
+    "other": "{n} אוטובוסים"
+  },
+  "{n} bike share": {
+    "one": "{n} אופניים שיתופיים",
+    "two": "{n} אופניים שיתופיים",
+    "other": "{n} אופניים שיתופיים"
+  },
+  "{n} flock cameras": {
+    "one": "{n} מצלמות Flock",
+    "two": "{n} מצלמות Flock",
+    "other": "{n} מצלמות Flock"
+  },
+  "{n} military bases": {
+    "one": "{n} בסיסים צבאיים",
+    "two": "{n} בסיסים צבאיים",
+    "other": "{n} בסיסים צבאיים"
+  },
+  "{n} datacenters": {
+    "one": "{n} מרכזי נתונים",
+    "two": "{n} מרכזי נתונים",
+    "other": "{n} מרכזי נתונים"
+  },
+  "{n} dams": {
+    "one": "{n} סכרים",
+    "two": "{n} סכרים",
+    "other": "{n} סכרים"
+  },
+  "{n} air quality": {
+    "one": "{n} תחנות אוויר נקי",
+    "two": "{n} תחנות אוויר נקי",
+    "other": "{n} תחנות אוויר נקי"
+  },
+  "{n} results": {
+    "one": "{n} תוצאות",
+    "two": "{n} תוצאות",
+    "other": "{n} תוצאות"
+  },
+  "anywhere in the loaded data": "בכל רחבי הנתונים שנטענו",
+  "in view": "בתצוגה",
+  "within {radius} of the view centre": "בטווח {radius} ממרכז התצוגה",
+  "within {radius} of {place} (Contacts window)": "בטווח {radius} מ-{place} (חלון המגעים)",
+  "within {radius} of {place}": "בטווח {radius} מ-{place}",
+  "within {radius}": "בטווח {radius}",
+  "over {region}": "מעל {region}",
+  "At least {items}": "לפחות {items}",
+  "{items} {scope}": "{items} {scope}",
+  "last 24 h": "24 השעות האחרונות",
+  "past 30 d and upcoming": "30 הימים האחרונים והקרובים",
+  "the flights layer loads by viewport": "שכבת הטיסות נטענת לרוחב התצוגה",
+  "distance is ground distance, not overhead": "המרחק הוא מרחק קרקע, לא ישירות מלמעלה",
+  "the count is a lower bound because at least one layer reached its retained limit.": "המניין הוא גבול תחתון כי לפחות שכבה אחת הגיעה למגבלת השמירה שלה.",
+  "buffer sized to the place": "חיץ בגודל המקום",
+  "enclosing mapped area": "מקיף את הסביבה הממופה",
+  "the map was cleared while looking it up": "המפה נוקתה בזמן החיפוש",
+  "OpenStreetMap coverage varies by place": "כיסוי OpenStreetMap משתנה ממקום למקום",
+  "the catalog covers the last 30 days": "הקטלוג מכסה את 30 הימים האחרונים",
+  "there are more": "יש נוספים",
+  "{label} off": "{label} כבוי",
+  "{label} loading": "{label} בטעינה",
+  "{label} error": "{label} שגיאה",
+  "{radius} m around the landmark": "{radius} מ׳ סביב ציון הדרך",
+  "{count} parts": {
+    "one": "{count} חלקים",
+    "two": "{count} חלקים",
+    "other": "{count} חלקים"
+  },
+  "{drawn} of {total} parts drawn": {
+    "one": "שורטטו {drawn} מתוך {total} חלקים",
+    "two": "שורטטו {drawn} מתוך {total} חלקים",
+    "other": "שורטטו {drawn} מתוך {total} חלקים"
+  },
+  "{count} duplicate mappings merged": {
+    "one": "מוזגו {count} מיפויים כפולים",
+    "two": "מוזגו {count} מיפויים כפולים",
+    "other": "מוזגו {count} מיפויים כפולים"
+  },
+  "listed the first {limit}": "הוצגו הראשונים {limit}",
+  "counted over the bounding box of {area}, not its outline": "נספר לפי תיבת ההקפה של {area}, לא לפי קו המתאר שלה",
+  "counted the first {returned} loaded records": "נספרו {returned} הרשומות הראשונות הטעונות",
+  "counted {returned} of {total} loaded records": "נספרו {returned} מתוך {total} רשומות טעונות",
+  "{layers} just turned on — still loading, counts will rise": "{layers} הופעלו זה עתה — עדיין בטעינה, המניינים יגדלו",
+  "Contacts panel snapshot at {time} — the same retained cohort supplies the card, speech, and follow-up memory": "תמונת מצב של פאנל המגעים ב-{time} — אותה קבוצה נשמרת מספקת את הכרטיס, הדיבור והזיכרון להמשך",
+  "Contacts panel snapshot — the same retained cohort supplies the card, speech, and follow-up memory": "תמונת מצב של פאנל המגעים — אותה קבוצה נשמרת מספקת את הכרטיס, הדיבור והזיכרון להמשך",
+  "Fly below {km} km to a covered region": "עוף מטה מתחת ל-{km} ק\"מ אל אזור הזנה",
+  "No feed here yet · {n} regions available": {
+    "one": "אין עדיין הזנה כאן · {n} אזורים זמינים",
+    "two": "אין עדיין הזנה כאן · {n} אזורים זמינים",
+    "other": "אין עדיין הזנה כאן · {n} אזורים זמינים"
+  },
+  "degraded": "מופחת",
+  "stale": "מיושן",
+  "partial": "חלקי",
+  "fallback": "חלופה",
+  "unavailable": "לא זמין",
+  "Not answered: {layers}": "לא נענו: {layers}",
+  "voice area|Area": "אזור",
+  "Not drawn: {parts}": "לא שורטטו: {parts}",
+  "approximate": "משוער",
+  "{pct}% cloud": "{pct}% עננות",
+  "Over {area}": "מעל {area}",
+  "{count} of {total} acquisitions match": {
+    "one": "{count} מתוך {total} אחזורים תואמים",
+    "two": "{count} מתוך {total} אחזורים תואמים",
+    "other": "{count} מתוך {total} אחזורים תואמים"
+  },
+  "{n} acquisitions searched": {
+    "one": "נחפשו {n} אחזורים",
+    "two": "נחפשו {n} אחזורים",
+    "other": "נחפשו {n} אחזורים"
+  },
+  "No matching imagery": "אין צילומים תואמים",
+  "Unknown number of {kind}": "מספר לא ידוע של {kind}",
+  "About {count} {kind}": "כ-{count} {kind}",
+  "At least {count} {kind}": "לפחות {count} {kind}",
+  "{count} {kind}": "{count} {kind}",
+  "In {area}": "ב-{area}",
+  "Toggle voice control": "החלפת שליטה קולית",
+  "Activate to toggle voice": "הפעל להחלפת הקול",
+  "Voice active": "הקול פעיל",
+  "Voice could not be started.": "לא ניתן היה להתחיל את הקול.",
+  "{value} feet": "{value} רגל",
+  "Fire · FRP {frp} MW": "שריפה · FRP {frp} MW",
+  "The flights layer is not enabled": "שכבת הטיסות אינה מופעלת",
+  "The military layer is not enabled": "שכבת הטיסות הצבאיות אינה מופעלת",
+  "The satellites layer is not enabled": "שכבת הלוויינים אינה מופעלת",
+  "The ais-live-vessels layer is not enabled": "שכבת אוניות ה-AIS החיות אינה מופעלת",
+  "Could not enable the requested layer": "לא ניתן להפעיל את השכבה המבוקשת",
+  "Could not disable the requested layer": "לא ניתן לכבות את השכבה המבוקשת",
+  "Radio layer unavailable": "שכבת הרדיו אינה זמינה",
+  "Camera navigation is unavailable in the current view": "ניווט המצלמה אינו זמין בתצוגה הנוכחית",
+  "Camera navigation policy unavailable": "מדיניות ניווט המצלמה אינה זמינה",
+  "Nearest-aircraft selection supports Flights or Military Flights only": "בחירת המטוס הקרוב תומכת בטיסות או בטיסות צבאיות בלבד",
+  "Nearest-aircraft selection needs a preset, place name, or latitude and longitude": "בחירת המטוס הקרוב דורשת ערך מוגדר מראש, שם מקום, או קו רוחב וקו אורך",
+  "Could not arrive at the requested place": "לא ניתן להגיע למקום המבוקש",
+  "The nearest airborne aircraft could not be selected": "לא ניתן לבחור את המטוס הקרוב באוויר",
+  "No flights within {radius} of the current view": "אין טיסות בטווח {radius} מהתצוגה הנוכחית",
+  "No military within {radius} of the current view": "אין טיסות צבאיות בטווח {radius} מהתצוגה הנוכחית",
+  "No satellites within {radius} of the current view": "אין לוויינים בטווח {radius} מהתצוגה הנוכחית",
+  "No vessels within {radius} of the current view": "אין אוניות בטווח {radius} מהתצוגה הנוכחית",
+  "{layer} is enabled on the {source} feed, but no airborne aircraft is loaded in the {place} view yet": "{layer} מופעל בהזנת {source}, אך אין עדיין מטוסים באוויר טעונים בתצוגת {place}",
+  "{layer} is enabled, but no airborne aircraft is loaded in the {place} view yet": "{layer} מופעל, אך אין עדיין מטוסים באוויר טעונים בתצוגת {place}",
+  "{layer} is enabled, but its aircraft feed is unavailable": "{layer} מופעל, אך הזנת המטוסים שלו אינה זמינה",
+  "{layer} is enabled, but its destination refresh did not complete": "{layer} מופעל, אך רענון היעד שלו לא הושלם",
+  "{layer} is enabled, but {source} is unavailable": "{layer} מופעל, אך {source} אינו זמין",
+  "Could not arrive at {place}": "לא ניתן להגיע אל {place}",
+  "{name} is no longer loaded": "{name} אינו טעון עוד",
+  "Unknown target layer: {target}": "שכבת יעד בלתי מוכרת: {target}",
+  "nominal": "רגיל",
+  "{label} on": "{label} פעיל",
+  "Frame aircraft": "מסגור המטוסים",
+  "Frame military aircraft": "מסגור המטוסים הצבאיים",
+  "Frame ships": "מסגור האוניות",
+  "Frame satellites": "מסגור הלוויינים",
+  "Frame contacts": "מסגור המגעים",
+  "{count} aircraft in frame": {
+    "one": "{count} מטוסים במסגרת",
+    "two": "{count} מטוסים במסגרת",
+    "other": "{count} מטוסים במסגרת"
+  },
+  "{count} military aircraft in frame": {
+    "one": "{count} מטוסים צבאיים במסגרת",
+    "two": "{count} מטוסים צבאיים במסגרת",
+    "other": "{count} מטוסים צבאיים במסגרת"
+  },
+  "{count} ships in frame": {
+    "one": "{count} אוניות במסגרת",
+    "two": "{count} אוניות במסגרת",
+    "other": "{count} אוניות במסגרת"
+  },
+  "{count} satellites in frame": {
+    "one": "{count} לוויינים במסגרת",
+    "two": "{count} לוויינים במסגרת",
+    "other": "{count} לוויינים במסגרת"
+  },
+  "{count} contacts in frame": {
+    "one": "{count} מגעים במסגרת",
+    "two": "{count} מגעים במסגרת",
+    "other": "{count} מגעים במסגרת"
+  },
+  "Nearest military aircraft": "המטוס הצבאי הקרוב",
+  "Nearest ships": "האוניות הקרובות",
+  "Nearest satellites": "הלוויינים הקרובים",
+  "Nearest aircraft": "המטוס הקרוב",
+  "{first} and {second}": "{first} ו-{second}",
+  "Layer": "שכבה",
+  "there": "שם",
+  "Camera range {range}": "טווח המצלמה {range}",
+  "Within {radius} of the view": "בטווח {radius} מהתצוגה",
+  "Labels on": "התוויות פעילות",
+  "Framing uses the nearest 80 loaded contacts": "המסגור משתמש ב-80 המגעים הקרובים הטעונים",
+  "{distance} from {location}": "{distance} מ-{location}",
+  "Altitude {altitude}": "גובה {altitude}",
+  "{origin} to {destination}": "מ-{origin} אל {destination}",
+  "from {origin}": "מ-{origin}",
+  "to {destination}": "אל {destination}",
+  "Registration {registration}": "רישום {registration}",
+  "View state": "מצב התצוגה",
+  "Marked {count} places": {
+    "one": "סומנו {count} מקומות",
+    "two": "סומנו {count} מקומות",
+    "other": "סומנו {count} מקומות"
+  },
+  "Nothing marked": "לא סומן דבר",
+  "Not found: {places}": "לא נמצאו: {places}",
+  "Tracing outlines": "משרטט קווי מתאר",
+  "Frame flights": "מסגור הטיסות",
+  "Frame military": "מסגור הצבאיים",
+  "Frame vessels": "מסגור האוניות",
+  "Frame {target}": "מסגור {target}",
+  "Zoom out to globe": "זום החוצה אל הגלובוס",
+  "Open data layers": "פתיחת שכבות נתונים",
+  "Open or close a panel": "פתיחה או סגירה של פאנל",
+  "Change context mode": "שינוי מצב ההקשר",
+  "Control cockpit": "שליטה בתא הטייס",
+  "Change visual style": "שינוי סגנון הראייה",
+  "Adjust HUD": "כיוון ה-HUD",
+  "Adjust cyber sonar": "כיוון הסונאר הסייברי",
+  "Adjust detection overlay": "כיוון שכבת הזיהוי",
+  "Change map stack": "שינוי ערמת המפות",
+  "Adjust post-processing": "כיוון עיבוד שלאחר",
+  "Control scene": "שליטה בסצנה",
+  "Control CCTV": "שליטה ב-CCTV",
+  "Control radio": "שליטה ברדיו",
+  "Track contact": "עקיבה אחר המגע",
+  "Stop tracking": "עצירת העקיבה",
+  "Clear marks": "ניקוי סימונים",
+  "Move camera": "הזזת המצלמה",
+  "Fly route": "טיסה לאורך המסלול",
+  "Analyst query": "שאילתת אנליסט",
+  "Next ISS pass": "המעבר הבא של ISS",
+  "Next satellite pass": "המעבר הבא של הלוויין",
+  "Mark the map": "סימון המפה",
+  "Mark {targets} +{more}": "סימון {targets} +{more}",
+  "Mark {targets}": "סימון {targets}",
+  "Fly to {place}": "טיסה אל {place}",
+  "Fly to Location": "טיסה אל המיקום",
+  "Nearest aircraft to {place}": "המטוס הקרוב ביותר אל {place}",
+  "Nearest aircraft to Here": "המטוס הקרוב ביותר אל כאן",
+  "Layer on": "השכבה פעילה",
+  "Layer off": "השכבה כבויה",
+  "Zoom out": "התרחקות",
+  "Zoom in": "התקרבות",
+  "Read the view": "קריאת התצוגה",
+  "Check view state": "בדיקת מצב התצוגה",
+  "Area around {place}": "האזור סביב {place}",
+  "Area around landmark": "האזור סביב ציון הדרך",
+  "Outline {place}": "קו המתאר של {place}",
+  "Outline area": "קו המתאר של האזור",
+  "Find {place}": "חיפוש {place}",
+  "Find area": "חיפוש אזור",
+  "Find recent imagery": "חיפוש צילומים אחרונים",
+  "Find {what}": "חיפוש {what}",
+  "Find places": "חיפוש מקומות",
+  "Action": "פעולה",
+  "Finding places": "מחפש מקומות",
+  "Tracing outline": "משרטט קו מתאר",
+  "Looking up place": "מאתר מקום",
+  "Flying": "עף",
+  "Turning on layer": "מפעיל את השכבה",
+  "Loading aircraft": "טוען מטוסים",
+  "Picking nearest": "בוחר את הקרוב",
+  "Drawing outline": "מצייר קו מתאר",
+  "Searching imagery catalog": "מחפש בקטלוג הצילומים",
+  "Loading imagery": "טוען צילומים",
+  "Searching OpenStreetMap": "מחפש ב-OpenStreetMap",
+  "Working": "עובד",
+  "Typed chat is unavailable while GEV_PREFER_CODEX_OAUTH requires ChatGPT OAuth.": "צ׳אט בהקלדה אינו זמין בזמן ש-GEV_PREFER_CODEX_OAUTH דורש OAuth של ChatGPT.",
+  "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "הספק דחה את מפתח ה-API. בדוק אותו בהגדרות הספקים.",
+  "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "הספק סירב לאשר גישה למפתח הזה. בדוק את הפרויקט, האזור או ההרשאות של המפתח.",
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "לחשבון הספק נגמר האשראי. בדוק את החיוב שלו, או בחר ספק AI אחר בהגדרות.",
+  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "יותר מדי בקשות צ׳אט. נסה שוב בעוד {seconds} שנ.",
+  "That request needed too many steps. Changes already made to the map stay in place.": "הבקשה הזאת דרשה יותר מדי צעדים. השינויים שכבר בוצעו במפה נשארים במקומם.",
+  "That request needed too many steps. Try a simpler request.": "הבקשה הזאת דרשה יותר מדי צעדים. נסה בקשה פשוטה יותר.",
+  "in progress": "בעבודה",
+  "done": "הושלם",
+  "failed": "נכשל",
+  "cancelled": "בוטל",
+  "Outline traced": "קו המתאר שורטט",
+  "Outline unavailable": "קו המתאר אינו זמין",
+  "Source: {label}": "מקור: {label}",
+  "WORKING": "עובד",
+  "DONE": "הושלם",
+  "Recent speech": "דיבור אחרון",
+  "HERE": "כאן",
+  "Initializing photorealistic world...": "מאתחל את העולם הפוטוריאליסטי..."
+}
diff --git a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
index 8c2a2bd75..f22accadf 100644
--- a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
+++ b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
@@ -1189,5 +1189,94 @@
     "acartia.io ↗",
     "iNaturalist ↗",
     "iNaturalist"
+  ],
+  "he": [
+    "{speed} kn",
+    "GEO",
+    "SAR",
+    "EARTH WATCH",
+    "CRT",
+    "NVG",
+    "FLIR",
+    "AIS: --",
+    "REC",
+    "HDG {value}°",
+    "BRG {value}°",
+    "BRG —",
+    "CRS {value}°",
+    "FOV {value}°",
+    "CAL {value}",
+    "SRC {value}",
+    "▲ {frp} MW",
+    "≥ {value} MW",
+    "Intel Picture",
+    "Kinetic 30d",
+    "Border Crisis",
+    "Iran Picture",
+    "Iran Kinetic",
+    "Yemen FLOT",
+    "Latest Drop",
+    "1090 MHz",
+    "978 MHz UAT",
+    "ALT {altitude} FT · GS {speed} KT · TRK {track}",
+    "V/S {rate} FPM",
+    "Sentinel-2",
+    "Landsat 8/9",
+    "Google Street View",
+    "GOOGLE STREET VIEW",
+    "AIS: {name}",
+    "{type}  SPD: {speed}  HDG: {heading}",
+    "POS: {time}Z",
+    "{source} HTTP {status}",
+    "NNE",
+    "NE",
+    "ENE",
+    "ESE",
+    "SE",
+    "SSE",
+    "SSW",
+    "SW",
+    "WSW",
+    "WNW",
+    "NW",
+    "NNW",
+    "WHOT/BHOT",
+    "HDG",
+    "FOV",
+    "HGT",
+    "ΔN",
+    "ΔE",
+    "CAL · {badge}",
+    "DEST ---°",
+    "SQUAWK {code} · {status}",
+    "DEST {bearing}",
+    "Space Missions",
+    "CCTV",
+    "S2 GhostMaps",
+    "Street Level",
+    "STREET LEVEL",
+    "km/h",
+    "mph",
+    "hPa",
+    "kt",
+    "kts",
+    "ft",
+    "km",
+    "min",
+    "dB",
+    "LEVEL",
+    "KTS",
+    "FT",
+    "FLT",
+    "MIL",
+    "WX",
+    "MSG/S",
+    "FM MHZ",
+    "Acartia",
+    "CC BY 4.0",
+    "Salish Sea",
+    "iNaturalist",
+    "Be Whale Wise",
+    "MIC"
   ]
 }
diff --git a/src/ui/localePicker.test.mjs b/src/ui/localePicker.test.mjs
index d59c9926b..5e25fb01f 100644
--- a/src/ui/localePicker.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/localePicker.test.mjs
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ test('the current language comes first, the rest by their own names', () => {
       'fr',
       'it',
       'pt',
+      'he',
       'ar',
       'zh-CN',
       'zh-Hant',
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ test('the current language comes first, the rest by their own names', () => {
       'pt',
       'ru',
       'uk',
+      'he',
       'ar',
       'zh-CN',
       'zh-Hant',
@@ -98,6 +100,7 @@ test('the current language comes first, the rest by their own names', () => {
       'pt',
       'ru',
       'uk',
+      'he',
       'ar',
       'zh-CN',
       'zh-Hant',
@@ -122,6 +125,7 @@ test('the current language comes first, the rest by their own names', () => {
       'pt',
       'ru',
       'uk',
+      'he',
       'zh-CN',
       'zh-Hant',
       'ja',
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/rtl.css b/src/ui/styles/rtl.css
index 10b5c13bd..8e7288b3e 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/rtl.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/rtl.css
@@ -60,6 +60,43 @@ html:lang(ar) :is(#intel-hud, #cockpit-hud) {
     Tahoma, monospace;
 }
 
+/* Hebrew: JetBrains Mono and Inter also lack Hebrew glyphs. Noto Sans Hebrew
+   (loaded with the other Google fonts; its files download only when the page
+   shows Hebrew) leads the stack so the body text keeps one proportional
+   Hebrew face across platforms. Hebrew letters do not join like Arabic, but
+   tracking still reads as gaps inside a word, so the body is released from it
+   the same way; Latin marked translate="no" keeps its tracking. The intel and
+   cockpit HUDs keep JetBrains Mono for their Latin telemetry. */
+html:lang(he) {
+  --font-mono:
+    'Noto Sans Hebrew', 'JetBrains Mono', 'SF Mono', 'Fira Code', Tahoma,
+    monospace;
+  --font-sans:
+    'Inter', 'Noto Sans Hebrew', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Tahoma,
+    sans-serif;
+}
+html:lang(he)
+  :is(
+    #military-awareness-panel,
+    .military-awareness-controls button,
+    .military-awareness-standby button,
+    .military-awareness-compass-label,
+    .military-awareness-compass-heading,
+    .military-awareness-direction-label,
+    .tr3b-toggle
+  ) {
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+}
+html:lang(he) :is(#intel-hud, #cockpit-hud) {
+  --font-mono:
+    'JetBrains Mono', 'SF Mono', 'Fira Code', 'Noto Sans Hebrew', Tahoma,
+    monospace;
+}
+html:lang(he) body
+  :not(#intel-hud, #intel-hud *, [translate='no'], [translate='no'] *) {
+  letter-spacing: 0 !important;
+}
+
 /* The Display/Context rail moves to the left edge. It keeps a physical
    `right` in layers.css because the attribution-clearance model
    (creditAttribution.test.mjs) reads that rule; the swap only applies above

From 25229a8e4ead0d71700a4c7ba63eb51489b78523 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Meir Michanie <meirm@cyborg.fi>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 22:30:34 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 084/181] changelog: Hebrew (#1594)

---
 changelog.d/1594-hebrew.md | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1594-hebrew.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1594-hebrew.md b/changelog.d/1594-hebrew.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83b54c51e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1594-hebrew.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+- Add Hebrew (he), the second right-to-left language: the title, rails, dock
+  and corner row mirror, numbers keep Western digits, and plurals use the
+  one/two/other Hebrew forms. Noto Sans Hebrew joins the font stacks and the
+  style, plural and glossary notes arrive in docs/translations/he.md
+  (Hebrew, @meirm, #1594).

From e35f38df8ce44dc46b293c2d60a89023f2892c09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Meir Michanie <meirm@cyborg.fi>
Date: Sun, 8 Nov 2026 19:21:28 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 085/181] i18n(he): follow main's satellite classes, orbital
 and bridge views

- Rebase on origin/main and translate the 130 new strings: event-age
  filter, satellite class groups (STATIONS/IMAGING/TELECOM/STARLINK/
  PROBES/DEBRIS) with CelesTrak SATCAT context, TomTom traffic limits,
  the ship bridge view (look/hold/radar/SOG/COG), the orbital view
  (swath, off-nadir, TLE, sub-satellite point, nadir/track-up) and the
  world-time play speeds.
- Instrument readouts keep the Latin codes (LOOK/STBD/PORT, NM, NORAD,
  EPOCH, TLE, OFF-NADIR, STARLINK, EYE, SWATH variants) via
  same-as-english.
- Prune 3 entries whose English main replaced.
---
 src/i18n/locales/he.json      | 139 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/i18n/same-as-english.json |  15 +++-
 2 files changed, 149 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/he.json b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
index 030a8fb26..5278e9b5c 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/he.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
@@ -1013,8 +1013,6 @@
   "Starlink {detail} — click to retry": "Starlink {detail} — לחץ לניסיון חוזר",
   "load failed": "הטעינה נכשלה",
   "Showing the full Starlink shell — click for the core catalog only": "מציג את מעטפת Starlink המלאה — לחץ לקטלוג הליבה בלבד",
-  "DENSE ···": "דחוס ···",
-  "DENSE ✕": "דחוס ✕",
   "DENSE": "דחוס",
   "CelesTrak unreachable": "CelesTrak אינו נגיש",
   "DOCKED · {name} · +{extra}": "עגן · {name} · +{extra}",
@@ -2301,7 +2299,6 @@
   "ALTITUDE": "גובה",
   "FT": "FT",
   "ESC EXIT": "יציאה ESC",
-  "C TOGGLE": "מקש C להחלפה",
   "View switcher": "מחליף התצוגות",
   "Resetting cockpit to full globe view": "מאפס את תא הטייס לתצוגת הגלובוס המלאה",
   "Reset cockpit to full globe view": "איפוס תא הטייס אל תצוגת הגלובוס המלאה",
@@ -3238,5 +3235,139 @@
   "DONE": "הושלם",
   "Recent speech": "דיבור אחרון",
   "HERE": "כאן",
-  "Initializing photorealistic world...": "מאתחל את העולם הפוטוריאליסטי..."
+  "Initializing photorealistic world...": "מאתחל את העולם הפוטוריאליסטי...",
+  "Event age": "גיל האירוע",
+  "event age filter|All": "הכול",
+  "{days}d": "{days} יום",
+  "Show markers of every age": "הצגת סמנים בכל גיל",
+  "Maximum event age: {days}d; undated markers are kept": "גיל אירוע מרבי: {days} יום; סמנים ללא תאריך נשמרים",
+  "All markers": "כל הסמנים",
+  "Event age: {days}d · undated kept": "גיל האירוע: {days} יום · ללא תאריך נשמרים",
+  "30-DAY MISSION INDEX UNAVAILABLE": "מפתח המשימות ל-30 יום אינו זמין",
+  "STATIONS": "תחנות",
+  "Crewed stations and the craft that visit them": "תחנות מאוישות והחלליות המבקרות בהן",
+  "IMAGING": "צילום",
+  "Earth observation: optical, radar, weather and science": "תצפית כדור הארץ: אופטי, רדאר, מזג אוויר ומדע",
+  "TELECOM": "תקשורת",
+  "Communications and navigation satellites, Starlink excepted": "לווייני תקשורת וניווט, למעט Starlink",
+  "STARLINK": "STARLINK",
+  "The Starlink constellation (thousands of extra points)": "קונסטלציית Starlink (אלפי נקודות נוספות)",
+  "PROBES": "גשושיות",
+  "Space science, technology demonstration and other payloads": "מדע בחלל, הדגמות טכנולוגיה ומטענים אחרים",
+  "DEBRIS": "פסולת חלל",
+  "Rocket bodies, fragments and dead satellites": "גופי משגרים, שברים ולוויינים מתים",
+  "Classes may lag: SATCAT is a cached copy": "הקבוצות עשויות להשתהות: SATCAT הוא תמונת מצב במטמון",
+  "Classes may lag: SATCAT unavailable": "הקבוצות עשויות להשתהות: SATCAT אינו זמין",
+  "CelesTrak SATCAT gives each object's type and status. Without a current copy the classes rest on the UCS database, names and CelesTrak groups, so a satellite that has died since may still show as working.": "CelesTrak SATCAT נותן לכל עצם סוג ומצב. בלי תמונת מצב עדכנית הקבוצות נשענות על מאגר UCS, השמות וקבוצות CelesTrak, ולכן לוויין שמת מאז עשוי עדיין להיראות פעיל.",
+  "Lines": "קווים",
+  "Road lines colored by live flow: green to red": "קווי כבישים בצבע לפי זרימה חיה: מירוק לאדום",
+  "Dots": "נקודות",
+  "Moving dots colored by live flow": "נקודות נעות בצבע לפי זרימה חיה",
+  "Moving dots": "נקודות נעות",
+  "Monthly traffic allowance used": "הקצבה החודשית לתנועה נוצלה",
+  "Traffic rate limit reached": "הגעת למגבלת הקצב של שירות התנועה",
+  "Traffic service unavailable": "שירות התנועה אינו זמין",
+  "LOOK STBD {bearing}°": "LOOK STBD {bearing}°",
+  "LOOK PORT {bearing}°": "LOOK PORT {bearing}°",
+  "LOOK ASTERN": "LOOK ASTERN",
+  "UP {angle}°": "מעלה {angle}°",
+  "DOWN {angle}°": "מטה {angle}°",
+  "{direction} · {elevation}": "{direction} · {elevation}",
+  "LOOK {elevation}": "LOOK {elevation}",
+  "{vesselType} · {feedState} · EYE {height}": "{vesselType} · {feedState} · EYE {height}",
+  "LIVE AIS": "AIS חי",
+  "CONTACT NAVIGATION OFF": "ניווט המגעים כבוי",
+  "THE BRIDGE STAYS WITH THE SELECTED VESSEL": "הגשר נשאר עם האונייה הנבחרת",
+  "{range} NM": "{range} NM",
+  "AIS DESTINATION · CREW REPORTED": "יעד AIS · דווח על ידי הצוות",
+  "FWD": "קדימה",
+  "AFT": "אחורה",
+  "RIGHT": "ימין",
+  "LEFT": "שמאל",
+  "{direction} {angle}°": "{direction} {angle}°",
+  "OFF-NADIR {angle}° · {offset}": "OFF-NADIR {angle}° · {offset}",
+  "BRIDGE": "גשר",
+  "{label} · NADIR VIEW": "{label} · תצוגת נדיר",
+  "{label} · HEADING {heading}°": "{label} · כיוון {heading}°",
+  "{label} · NO HEADING": "{label} · ללא כיוון",
+  "Space Missions unavailable: the mission index could not load. Try again later.": "Space Missions אינן זמינות: טעינת מפתח המשימות נכשלה. נסה שוב מאוחר יותר.",
+  "Close camera preview": "סגירת תצוגת המצלמה",
+  "Refresh map still": "רענון תמונת המפה",
+  "The map still uses a separate request and may show a different moment.": "תמונת המפה נשלפת בבקשה נפרדת ועשויה להראות רגע שונה.",
+  "Video plays from Québec 511, which sees your IP address.": "הווידאו זורם מ-Québec 511, שרואה את כתובת ה-IP שלך.",
+  "Ship bridge view": "תצוגת גשר האונייה",
+  "Satellite orbital view": "התצוגה המסלולית של הלוויין",
+  "Exit bridge view": "יציאה מתצוגת הגשר",
+  "Exit orbital view": "יציאה מהתצוגה המסלולית",
+  "EXIT BRIDGE": "יציאה מהגשר",
+  "EXIT ORBIT": "יציאה מהמסלול",
+  "BRIDGE WINDOW · FWD": "חלון הגשר · קדימה",
+  "COURSE HOLD · AIS": "החזקת מהלך · AIS",
+  "HEADING HOLD · AIS": "החזקת כיוון · AIS",
+  "NO HEADING · AIS": "ללא כיוון · AIS",
+  "SPEED OVER GROUND · KTS": "מהירות מעל הקרקע · KTS",
+  "BRIDGE VIEW": "תצוגת הגשר",
+  "Look ahead: turn the bridge view back to the bow": "מבט קדימה: החזרת תצוגת הגשר אל החרטום",
+  "Look ahead (Home or 0)": "מבט קדימה (Home או 0)",
+  "LOOK AHEAD": "מבט קדימה",
+  "Current vessel heading": "הכיוון הנוכחי של האונייה",
+  "SPEED OVER GROUND": "מהירות מעל הקרקע",
+  "COURSE OVER GROUND": "מהלך מעל הקרקע",
+  "ARROWS LOOK": "חצים למבט",
+  "HOME RESET": "Home מאפס",
+  "+/− ZOOM": "+/− זום",
+  "ARROWS TILT": "חצים להטיה",
+  "HOME NADIR": "Home אל הנדיר",
+  "ZOOM {zoom}×": "זום {zoom}×",
+  "SENSOR SWATH ≈ {value} KM": "רוחב חיישן ≈ {value} ק\"מ",
+  "SENSOR SWATH {value} KM": "רוחב חיישן {value} ק\"מ",
+  "SWATH ≈ {value} KM": "רוחב ≈ {value} ק\"מ",
+  "SWATH {value} KM": "רוחב {value} ק\"מ",
+  "{division}, {country}": "{division}, {country}",
+  "{region} · near {place}": "{region} · קרוב אל {place}",
+  "NORAD {id}": "NORAD {id}",
+  "EPOCH {time}": "EPOCH {time}",
+  "<1 H OLD": "פחות משעה",
+  "{value} H OLD": "{value} שעות",
+  "{value} D OLD": "{value} ימים",
+  "Orbital view": "תצוגה מסלולית",
+  "CURRENTLY OVER": "כעת מעל",
+  "ORBITAL VIEW · OFF-NADIR": "תצוגה מסלולית · OFF-NADIR",
+  "ORBITAL VIEW · NADIR": "תצוגה מסלולית · נדיר",
+  "Hide the two-line element set": "הסתרת ערכת האלמנטים הדו-הקווית",
+  "Show the two-line element set": "הצגת ערכת האלמנטים הדו-הקווית",
+  "TLE": "TLE",
+  "Two-line element set": "ערכת אלמנטים דו-הקווית",
+  "ORBITAL VELOCITY": "מהירות מסלולית",
+  "SUB-SATELLITE POINT": "נקודת תת-הלוויין",
+  "TRACK UP": "המעקב מעלה",
+  "NORTH UP": "צפון מעלה",
+  "Return the view to nadir": "החזרת התצוגה אל הנדיר",
+  "Return to nadir (Home or 0)": "חזרה אל הנדיר (Home או 0)",
+  "NADIR": "נדיר",
+  "Zoom out (−)": "התרחקות (−)",
+  "Zoom in (+)": "התקרבות (+)",
+  "Zoom to the imaging sensor swath": "זום אל רוחב חיישן הצילום",
+  "SENSOR": "חיישן",
+  "RINGS {spacing} NM": "טבעות {spacing} NM",
+  "{count} CONTACTS": {
+    "one": "{count} מגע",
+    "two": "{count} מגעים",
+    "other": "{count} מגעים"
+  },
+  "Radar range {range}. Select for the next range.": "טווח הרדאר {range}. בחר כדי לעבור לטווח הבא.",
+  "Bridge radar": "רדאר הגשר",
+  "Reported voyage": "הפלגה שדווחה",
+  "REPORTED VOYAGE": "הפלגה שדווחה",
+  "1 min/s": "דקה/שנ",
+  "1 h/s": "שעה/שנ",
+  "1 d/s": "יום/שנ",
+  "1 wk/s": "שבוע/שנ",
+  "World time": "הזמן העולמי",
+  "Play speed": "מהירות הנגינה",
+  "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "גלילה או צביטה לזום, גרירה להזזה לאורך · לחיצה כפולה לתצוגה המלאה",
+  "Live": "חי",
+  "Back to live": "חזרה לחי",
+  "STARLINK ···": "STARLINK ···",
+  "STARLINK ✕": "STARLINK ✕"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
index f22accadf..1a07458b1 100644
--- a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
+++ b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
@@ -1277,6 +1277,19 @@
     "Salish Sea",
     "iNaturalist",
     "Be Whale Wise",
-    "MIC"
+    "MIC",
+    "STARLINK",
+    "STARLINK ···",
+    "STARLINK ✕",
+    "LOOK STBD {bearing}°",
+    "LOOK PORT {bearing}°",
+    "LOOK ASTERN",
+    "LOOK {elevation}",
+    "{vesselType} · {feedState} · EYE {height}",
+    "{range} NM",
+    "OFF-NADIR {angle}° · {offset}",
+    "NORAD {id}",
+    "EPOCH {time}",
+    "TLE"
   ]
 }

From 3dd89af354e61c5f8fea66fc6e255abcab92ad17 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Meir Michanie <meirm@cyborg.fi>
Date: Sun, 8 Nov 2026 19:23:55 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 086/181] i18n(he): follow main's orbital site focus

- Translate the 12 new strings: site standby and Live-Signal pings,
  releasing and keeping the camera on a subject, riding a satellite,
  the focus and return chips, unnamed mapped sites.
- OFF-NADIR stays as printed via same-as-english.
---
 src/i18n/locales/he.json      | 14 +++++++++++++-
 src/i18n/same-as-english.json |  3 ++-
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/he.json b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
index 5278e9b5c..9f8d02315 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/he.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
@@ -3369,5 +3369,17 @@
   "Live": "חי",
   "Back to live": "חזרה לחי",
   "STARLINK ···": "STARLINK ···",
-  "STARLINK ✕": "STARLINK ✕"
+  "STARLINK ✕": "STARLINK ✕",
+  "SITES STANDBY": "האתרים בהמתנה",
+  "ENABLE MAPPED INSTALLATIONS FOR SITE PINGS": "הפעל את המתקנים הממופים כדי לקבל צפצופי אתרים",
+  "Unnamed site": "אתר ללא שם",
+  "OFF-NADIR {angle}°": "OFF-NADIR {angle}°",
+  "Release the camera from {name}": "שחרור המצלמה מ-{name}",
+  "Keep the camera on {name}": "השארת המצלמה על {name}",
+  "RETURN · {name}": "חזרה · {name}",
+  "PREVIOUS SATELLITE": "הלוויין הקודם",
+  "Return to {name}": "חזרה אל {name}",
+  "SATELLITE": "לוויין",
+  "Ride {name}": "רכיבה על {name}",
+  "FOCUS · {name}": "מוקד · {name}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
index 1a07458b1..3e24182df 100644
--- a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
+++ b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
@@ -1290,6 +1290,7 @@
     "OFF-NADIR {angle}° · {offset}",
     "NORAD {id}",
     "EPOCH {time}",
-    "TLE"
+    "TLE",
+    "OFF-NADIR {angle}°"
   ]
 }

From 23609b94b68c97b5a41ccad8df196ce3a81107fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Meir Michanie <meirm@cyborg.fi>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 05:54:28 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 087/181] i18n(he): follow main's place names

---
 src/i18n/locales/he.json | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/he.json b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
index 9f8d02315..a864840f8 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/he.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
@@ -3381,5 +3381,6 @@
   "Return to {name}": "חזרה אל {name}",
   "SATELLITE": "לוויין",
   "Ride {name}": "רכיבה על {name}",
-  "FOCUS · {name}": "מוקד · {name}"
+  "FOCUS · {name}": "מוקד · {name}",
+  "Place names": "שמות מקומות"
 }

From f79ceb690f818dc93619dc74311433b3c67898a1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Meir Michanie <meirm@cyborg.fi>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 12:04:40 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 088/181] i18n(he): apply review (#1594)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Before merging: singular 'one' forms from the review table (44 entries),
counters keep their order across the slash (מתוך, as Arabic المن), the
lightning layer says ברקים (the legend now counts ברק strikes, the help
text keeps 110°E Latin), configured-elsewhere keys are promised
untouched, Punk is פאנק רוק, dock/panel side labels follow the mirrored
layout, and the HUD-summary English guard covers he (NON_LATIN_LOCALES,
tested) — documented in Adding a language along with format-scope.

Suggestions and nits: restricted is מוגבל, stage recovery is החבה not
שחזור, voice-inactivity names the behavior, lane directions use
attributes (השמאלי) and around is לאחור, Ironbow and KM/S stay Latin in
same-as-english, {age} no longer doubles לפני, typos and garbled words
fixed (תנאים, ידנית, ודאות, מקלט, זמניים, ערוץ 14, מעונן חלקית, אין אות
קריאה, Tab לתצוגה מקדימה, השאר ריק, היוועץ), counted units shortened
(שנ' דק' שע' ימ'), terminology unified (briefing תדריך, forecast תחזית,
course מהלך, אונייה, שריפה), rtl.css shares the mono redirect under
:is(:lang(ar), :lang(he)) and its comments match the rules,
worldOverlayTokens adds Noto Sans Hebrew to the canvas card fonts, he.md
gets the fraction-aware plural table, iw/iw-IL map to he (tested).
---
 docs/TRANSLATORS.md                |   5 +-
 docs/translations/he.md            |  20 +-
 scripts/format-scope.json          |   1 +
 src/hudSummaryLine.test.mjs        |   1 +
 src/hudSummaryResponse.js          |   2 +-
 src/i18n/i18n.test.mjs             |   5 +-
 src/i18n/locale.js                 |   4 +-
 src/i18n/locales/he.json           | 350 +++++++++++++++--------------
 src/i18n/same-as-english.json      |  10 +-
 src/overlays/worldOverlayTokens.js |  28 ++-
 src/ui/styles/rtl.css              |  26 ++-
 11 files changed, 240 insertions(+), 212 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/TRANSLATORS.md b/docs/TRANSLATORS.md
index d08711193..ed94fbcbe 100644
--- a/docs/TRANSLATORS.md
+++ b/docs/TRANSLATORS.md
@@ -45,9 +45,10 @@ Edit `src/i18n/locales/<code>.json` and run `npm run i18n`. To see your change,
 1. Create `src/i18n/locales/<code>.json`, fill it from `npm run i18n -- --missing <code>` (start from `{}`), and translate every entry.
 2. Import it in `src/i18n/index.js` and add it to `CATALOGS`.
 3. Add the code to `LOCALES` and its own-language name to `LOCALE_NAMES` in `src/i18n/locale.js`. Right-to-left languages also go in `RTL_LOCALES`; the chrome mirrors through logical CSS properties (`inset-inline-*`, `margin-inline-*`), and `src/ui/styles/rtl.css` holds what those cannot express (see the Arabic notes). If the language should keep Western digits, map it in `INTL_TAGS` in `locale.js`.
-4. Add `src/i18n/locales/<code>.json` next to `ru.json` in `scripts/package-boundaries.json`.
+4. Add `src/i18n/locales/<code>.json` next to `ru.json` in `scripts/package-boundaries.json` and in `scripts/format-scope.json`.
 5. Write `docs/translations/<code>.md`: glossary, plural forms, units and style (copy the structure of `ru.md`).
-6. Run `npm run i18n` and `npm test`, then check the panels in the app at narrow widths.
+6. If the language is not written in Latin letters, also add it to `NON_LATIN_LOCALES` in `src/hudSummaryResponse.js` — that guard falls back to the translated text when a summary provider answers in English.
+7. Run `npm run i18n` and `npm test`, then check the panels in the app at narrow widths.
 
 ## Rules
 
diff --git a/docs/translations/he.md b/docs/translations/he.md
index 6d531cab5..44bb6f0c6 100644
--- a/docs/translations/he.md
+++ b/docs/translations/he.md
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Catalog: `src/i18n/locales/he.json`. General rules: [TRANSLATORS.md](../TRANSLAT
 - Address the user with a masculine imperative, Google style: הסתר, הצג, נסה שוב, התקרב. Menu items and tooltips take the noun form: הסרת {name}, הרחבת {name}, שינוי הצבע של {name}.
 - Sentence case: Hebrew has no case forms, so UPPERCASE English is normal sentence style here; short HUD labels stay short, favor an abbreviation over a wrapped line.
 - Keep the `·`, `—`, `→`, `↗`, `…` separators. Latin codes read inside RTL text because the app isolates interpolated values; leave them alone.
-- Units follow the catalog: ק"מ, מ׳, קמ"ש, שנ', דק', שע'; instrument chips keep the Latin unit (MW, KM, FT, KTS, kn) and codes (HDG, FOV, CAL, SRC, REC) exactly as in English — see `same-as-english.json`.
+- Units follow the catalog: ק"מ, מ׳, קמ"ש, שנ', דק', שע'. Instrument readouts and formatted shared-unit labels keep the Latin units (km, NM, FT, KTS, MW, KM/S); catalog prose outside those readouts keeps ק"מ/מ׳. Codes like HDG, FOV, CAL, SRC, REC stay exactly as in English — see `same-as-english.json`.
 
 ## Digits and direction
 
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ Catalog: `src/i18n/locales/he.json`. General rules: [TRANSLATORS.md](../TRANSLAT
 
 A `tn()` entry needs three forms under `Intl.PluralRules('he')`:
 
-| Form    | Counts                    | Example        |
-| ------- | ------------------------- | -------------- |
-| `one`   | 1                         | 1 מצלמה        |
-| `two`   | 2                         | 2 מצלמות       |
-| `other` | 0, 3, 10, 100, fractions… | 5 מצלמות       |
+| Form    | Counts                       | Example        |
+| ------- | ---------------------------- | -------------- |
+| `one`   | 1 and fractions below 1      | 1 מצלמה · 0.5  |
+| `two`   | 2                            | 2 מצלמות       |
+| `other` | 0, 3, 10, 100, integers…     | 5 מצלמות       |
 
 With {count} shown as a digit, `two` and `other` share the plural noun (2 מצלמות, 5 מצלמות); `one` takes the singular (1 מצלמה). For constructs that resist agreement with a noun (אין, הכול, זמין), phrase around the number: "{count} תחנות מדווחות" is fine, but prefer "ממתין: {count}" over a mismatched genitive chain.
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ With {count} shown as a digit, `two` and `other` share the plural noun (2 מצל
 | LIVE / live data / LIVE TRACK                  | חי / נתונים חיים / מעקב חי                            |
 | SIMULATED                                      | מדומה                                                 |
 | stale / degraded / unavailable                 | מיושן / מופחת / לא זמין                               |
-| key (API key) / POWER UP                       | מפתח / אתחול                                          |
+| key (API key) / POWER UP                       | מפתח / שדרוג                                          |
 | globe / map / map source / basemap             | גלובוס / מפה / מקור מפה / מפת בסיס                    |
 | aircraft / flight / military flight            | מטוס (כלי טיס in class lists) / טיסה / טיסה צבאית     |
 | vessel / ship / ships                          | אונייה / אוניות                                       |
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ With {count} shown as a digit, `two` and `other` share the plural noun (2 מצל
 | camera / CCTV camera / ALPR camera             | מצלמה / מצלמת CCTV / מצלמת ALPR                       |
 | earthquake / active fire / cyclone             | רעידת אדמה / שרפה פעילה / ציקלון                      |
 | scene / shot                                   | סצנה / שוט                                            |
-| briefing / panel / dock                        | דיווח / פאנל / עגינה                                  |
+| briefing / panel / dock                        | תדריך / פאנל / עגינה                                  |
 | visual preset / style                          | ערכת ראייה / סגנון                                   |
 | Scope (circular viewport mask) / keyhole       | סקופ / חור המנעול                                    |
-| heading (compass °) / course                   | כיוון / מסלול                                         |
+| heading (compass °) / course                   | כיוון / מהלך                                         |
 | HDG / BRG / CRS / FOV / DEST / SPD / RANGE     | בלי שינוי — קודי מכשיר                               |
 | advisory (NHC/CPHC cyclone)                    | ייעוץ; Advisory center — מרכז הייעוץ                  |
 | Street View (Google)                           | Street View, בלי תרגום                                |
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ With {count} shown as a digit, `two` and `other` share the plural noun (2 מצל
 | WHOT/BHOT, Ironbow, CRT, NVG, FLIR             | בלי שינוי — קודים ושמות מצבים                        |
 | PREV / NEXT                                    | הקודם / הבא                                           |
 | anchor / data pack / asset bundle (scene)      | עוגן / חבילת נתונים / חבילת נכסים                   |
+| forecast (weather)                             | תחזית                                                 |
 | witness / geolocated source                    | עד ראייה / מקור נתון גיאוגרפית                        |
 | contained (wildland fire) / FRP                | הכלה / FRP, בלי שינוי                                 |
 
-Latin product, provider and dataset names stay as printed: Google Maps, Cesium ion, OpenSky, ADS-B, AIS, KartaView, Mapillary, Panoramax, Overpass, InciWeb, iNaturalist, Acartia, NASA FIRMS, NOAA, USGS, CelesTrak, TomTom, Sentinel-2, Landsat, VIIRS, HLS, S2 GhostMaps, TeleGeography.
diff --git a/scripts/format-scope.json b/scripts/format-scope.json
index 7dbd9d2b7..7c78179de 100644
--- a/scripts/format-scope.json
+++ b/scripts/format-scope.json
@@ -1293,6 +1293,7 @@
   "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
   "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
   "src/i18n/locales/fr.json",
+  "src/i18n/locales/he.json",
   "src/i18n/locales/it.json",
   "src/i18n/locales/ja.json",
   "src/i18n/locales/pt.json",
diff --git a/src/hudSummaryLine.test.mjs b/src/hudSummaryLine.test.mjs
index 2e8845e88..ae4f15b43 100644
--- a/src/hudSummaryLine.test.mjs
+++ b/src/hudSummaryLine.test.mjs
@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@ for (const [locale, summary] of [
   ['ja', '東京上空のLive Flights'],
   ['zh-CN', '北京航班stale数据'],
   ['ru', 'Остин Live-Flights частично'],
+  ['he', 'תל אביב stale טיסות'],
 ]) {
   test(`English flush against other text is an echo: ${summary}`, () => {
     assert.ok(hudSummaryHasEnglish(summary, locale, ['stale', 'Live Flights']));
diff --git a/src/hudSummaryResponse.js b/src/hudSummaryResponse.js
index 1f41b994d..b12daf4f4 100644
--- a/src/hudSummaryResponse.js
+++ b/src/hudSummaryResponse.js
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ const SUMMARY_LANGUAGES = Object.freeze({
 const UNSPACED_LOCALES = /^(?:ja|zh)(?:-|$)/;
 
 /** Shipped locales not written in Latin letters. */
-const NON_LATIN_LOCALES = /^(?:ar|ja|ru|uk|zh)(?:-|$)/;
+const NON_LATIN_LOCALES = /^(?:ar|ja|ru|uk|zh|he)(?:-|$)/;
 
 /** Scripts whose letters extend a word; any other neighbour ends it. */
 const WORD_SCRIPTS = [
diff --git a/src/i18n/i18n.test.mjs b/src/i18n/i18n.test.mjs
index f0b9645c7..7d44b4f8a 100644
--- a/src/i18n/i18n.test.mjs
+++ b/src/i18n/i18n.test.mjs
@@ -41,9 +41,12 @@ test('normalizeLocale folds regional variants and rejects unshipped tags', () =>
   assert.equal(normalizeLocale('de'), 'de');
   assert.equal(normalizeLocale('de-AT'), 'de');
   assert.equal(normalizeLocale('de_CH'), 'de');
-  // Hebrew keeps Western digits like its catalog; regional tags fold to he.
+  // Hebrew keeps Western digits like its catalog; regional tags fold to he,
+  // and the legacy tag iw is still what some browsers and OSes label Hebrew.
   assert.equal(normalizeLocale('he'), 'he');
   assert.equal(normalizeLocale('he-IL'), 'he');
+  assert.equal(normalizeLocale('iw'), 'he');
+  assert.equal(normalizeLocale('iw-IL'), 'he');
   assert.equal(normalizeLocale('fr'), 'fr');
   assert.equal(normalizeLocale('fr-CA'), 'fr');
   assert.equal(normalizeLocale('FR_be'), 'fr');
diff --git a/src/i18n/locale.js b/src/i18n/locale.js
index 9b73444ec..7e8f37ffc 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locale.js
+++ b/src/i18n/locale.js
@@ -64,7 +64,8 @@ export function intlLocale(locale) {
 
 /**
  * Map any language tag to a shipped locale: 'ru-RU' and 'RU' → 'ru',
- * 'ar-EG' and 'ar-SA' → 'ar', 'he-IL' and 'he' → 'he',
+ * 'ar-EG' and 'ar-SA' → 'ar', 'he-IL' and 'he' → 'he', and the
+ * legacy tag 'iw'/'iw-IL' → 'he',
  * 'de-AT' and 'de_CH' → 'de', 'ja-JP' → 'ja',
  * 'pt-BR' and 'pt-PT' → 'pt' (Brazilian Portuguese),
  * 'zh', 'zh-CN' and 'zh-Hans-SG' → 'zh-CN';
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@ export function normalizeLocale(candidate) {
       ? 'zh-Hant'
       : 'zh-CN';
   }
+  if (primary === 'iw') return 'he';
   return LOCALES.includes(primary) ? primary : null;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/he.json b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
index a864840f8..d614063b4 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/he.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
   "Loading the keyless globe...": "טוען גלובוס ללא מפתח...",
   "Google 3D Tiles unavailable ({detail}). Loading the keyless globe...": "Google 3D Tiles אינם זמינים ({detail}). טוען גלובוס ללא מפתח...",
   "Initializing systems...": "מאתחל מערכות...",
-  "Space Missions isolates replay data. Exit the mode to enable {layer}.": "Space Missions מנתק את נתוני השמעה חוזרת. צא מהמצב כדי להפעיל את {layer}.",
+  "Space Missions isolates replay data. Exit the mode to enable {layer}.": "משימות החלל מנתקות את נתוני ההשמעה החוזרת. צא מהמצב כדי להפעיל את {layer}.",
   "Data attribution": "ייחוס נתונים",
   "Data provided by:": "הנתונים מסופקים על ידי:",
   "Close data attribution": "סגירת ייחוס הנתונים",
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
   "Overpass temporarily unavailable": "Overpass אינו זמין זמנית",
   "Retrying mapped sites…": "מנסה שוב אתרים ממופים…",
   "Fetching mapped sites…": "שולף אתרים ממופים…",
-  "{reason} — retrying in {seconds}s": "{reason} — מנסה שוב בעוד {seconds} שניות",
+  "{reason} — retrying in {seconds}s": "{reason} — מנסה שוב בעוד {seconds} שנ",
   "{reason} — retry pending": "{reason} — ניסיון חוזר בתור",
   "Zoom in to search mapped installations": "התקרב כדי לחפש מתקנים ממופים",
   "Showing cached mapped sites": "מציג אתרים ממופים מהמטמון",
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@
   "Live earthquakes and active fires, from USGS and NASA": "רעידות אדמה חיות ושרפות פעילות, מ-USGS ו-NASA",
   "It feels like a forbidden cockpit—then you realize the sources are public and the data is real.": "מרגיש כמו תא טייס אסור — ואז מבינים שהמקורות פומביים והנתונים אמיתיים.",
   "Working…": "מבצע…",
-  "Could not open that mission{detail}. Retry or explore manually.": "לא ניתן לפתוח את המשימה הזאת{detail}. נסה שוב או חקור בידנית.",
+  "Could not open that mission{detail}. Retry or explore manually.": "לא ניתן לפתוח את המשימה הזאת{detail}. נסה שוב או חקור ידנית.",
   "This browser is blocking storage, so that could not be saved.": "הדפדפן הזה חוסם אחסון, ולכן לא ניתן היה לשמור.",
   "NORMAL": "רגיל",
   "CRT": "CRT",
@@ -348,11 +348,11 @@
   "hemisphere|E": "E",
   "hemisphere|W": "W",
   "POWER UP · {count} KEYS WAITING": {
-    "one": "אתחול · {count} מפתח בהמתנה",
-    "two": "אתחול · {count} מפתחות בהמתנה",
-    "other": "אתחול · {count} מפתחות בהמתנה"
+    "one": "שדרוג · {count} מפתח בהמתנה",
+    "two": "שדרוג · {count} מפתחות בהמתנה",
+    "other": "שדרוג · {count} מפתחות בהמתנה"
   },
-  "POWERED UP": "מופעל",
+  "POWERED UP": "שודרג",
   "Provider Settings does not answer proxied requests": "הגדרות הספקים אינן עונות על בקשות פרוקסי",
   "Provider Settings is disabled while sharing is enabled": "הגדרות הספקים אינן זמינות במסגרת שיתוף פעיל",
   "Provider Settings answers only the machine running the server": "הגדרות הספקים עונות רק למכונה שמריצה את השרת",
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@
   "{name} must be a string": "{name} חייב להיות מחרוזת",
   "{name} is empty": "{name} ריק",
   "{name} is longer than any real key ({limit} max)": "{name} ארוך מכל מפתח אמיתי ({limit} לכל היותר)",
-  "{name} may only contain printable characters with no spaces": "{name} עשוי להכיל רק תווים שניתנים להדפסה ללא רווחים",
+  "{name} may only contain printable characters with no spaces": "{name} יכול להכיל רק תווים שניתנים להדפסה ללא רווחים",
   "{name} contains a character that is not valid in a key (#, quotes, $, \\, or backtick)": "{name} מכיל תו שאינו תקין במפתח (#, מירכאות, $, \\, או בק-טיק)",
   "{name} is configured outside Provider Settings and can only be changed where it was set": "{name} מוגדר מחוץ להגדרות הספקים וניתן לשינוי רק במקום שבו הוגדר",
   "The key was not saved: could not restrict the credential file to your account; nothing was saved": "המפתח לא נשמר: לא הצליח להגביל את קובץ הפרטים לחשבון שלך; לא נשמר דבר",
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@
   "Bing imagery map stacks + world terrain": "ערמות מפות צילומים של Bing + טופוגרפיה עולמית",
   "More flight-polling credits (anonymous works without)": "אשראי דגימת טיסות נוסף (אנונימי עובד בלעדיו)",
   "Street-level imagery and coverage in the Street Level layer. Free: register an app in the Mapillary developer dashboard and paste its Client Token": "צילומי רחוב וכיסוי בשכבת Street Level. חינם: רשמו אפליקציה במרכז השליטה המפתחים של Mapillary והדביקו את ה-Client Token שלה",
-  "Public space-missions access needs no key. Leave blank for standard use; paid tokens only raise request limits.": "הגישה הציבורית למשימות החלל אינה דורשת מפתח. השאר לריקה לשימוש הרגיל; אסימונים בתשלום מעלים רק מגבלות בקשות.",
+  "Public space-missions access needs no key. Leave blank for standard use; paid tokens only raise request limits.": "הגישה הציבורית למשימות החלל אינה דורשת מפתח. השאר ריק לשימוש הרגיל; אסימונים בתשלום מעלים רק את מגבלות הבקשות.",
   "Air quality request failed": "בקשת איכות האוויר נכשלה",
   "No readings available": "אין מדידות זמינות",
   "No current readings": "אין מדידות נוכחיות",
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@
   "At least {count}": "{count} לפחות",
   "CONTEXT READY": "ההקשר מוכן",
   "GLOBAL CONTEXT OFF": "ההקשר הגלובלי כבוי",
-  "SELECT A FLIGHT, VESSEL, OR MAPPED INSTALLATION": "בחר טיסה, כלי שיט או מתקן ממופה",
+  "SELECT A FLIGHT, VESSEL, OR MAPPED INSTALLATION": "בחר טיסה, אונייה או מתקן ממופה",
   "ENABLE TO LOAD OBSERVED / MAPPED PROXIMITY": "הפעל כדי לטעון קרבה נצפית / ממופה",
   "Unavailable": "לא זמין",
   "Focus {label}": "התמקד ב-{label}",
@@ -480,8 +480,8 @@
   "NEXT": "הבא",
   "Next — nearest unvisited contact in the 250 km window": "הבא — המגע הקרוב ביותר שלא ביקרת בו בחלון של 250 ק\"מ",
   "Named areas ({n})": "אזורים בעלי שם ({n})",
-  "{distance} FLIGHT / VESSEL WINDOW": "חלון טיסות / כלי שיט של {distance}",
-  "Open-source mapped/observed context. Missing broadcasts, unloaded map areas, or unmapped sites are not evidence of absence.": "הקשר ממופה/נצפה בקוד פתח. שידורים חסרים, אזורי מפה שלא נטענו או אתרים שלא ממופו אינם הוכחה להיעדר.",
+  "{distance} FLIGHT / VESSEL WINDOW": "חלון טיסות / אוניות של {distance}",
+  "Open-source mapped/observed context. Missing broadcasts, unloaded map areas, or unmapped sites are not evidence of absence.": "הקשר ממופה/נצפה ממקורות פתוחים. שידורים חסרים, אזורי מפה שלא נטענו או אתרים שלא ממופו אינם הוכחה להיעדר.",
   "mapped matches within {km} km of the subject": "התאמות ממופות בטווח {km} ק\"מ מהעצם",
   "none mapped within {km} km; not a complete 250 km survey": "אין התאמות ממופות בטווח {km} ק\"מ; אינו מיפוי מלא של 250 ק\"מ",
   "mapped matches from the loaded viewport": "התאמות ממופות מתוך התצוגה שנטענה",
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@
   "WITHIN {km} KM": "בטווח {km} ק\"מ",
   "Flights": "טיסות",
   "Military flights": "טיסות צבאיות",
-  "AIS vessels": "כלי שיט AIS",
+  "AIS vessels": "אוניות AIS",
   "Mapped installations": "מתקנים ממופים",
   "syncing {count} city feeds...": "מסנכרן {count} פידי ערים...",
   "scanning nearby systems...": "סורק מערכות סמוכות...",
@@ -564,9 +564,9 @@
   "Official advisory ↗": "ייעוץ רשמי ↗",
   "Active NHC and CPHC cyclone advisories": "ייעוצי ציקלונים פעילים של NHC ו-CPHC",
   "Wind unavailable": "רוח אינה זמינה",
-  "Advisory center / forecast track": "מרכז הייעוץ / מסלול חזוי",
-  "Center-track uncertainty cone": "חרוט אי-ודאות של מסלול המרכז",
-  "Select a storm on the map, or choose a storm in the list to select it and move the camera. Click empty map space to clear the selection. NOAA NHC/CPHC advisory context. The cone describes forecast center-track uncertainty, not storm size or the full hazard area. Forecast point labels are source lead hours, not times computed from advisory issuance. Geometry follows the surface; height is not weather altitude. Consult the official advisory.": "בחר סערה במפה, או בחר סערה ברשימה כדי לבחור אותה ולהזיז את המצלמה. לחץ בשטח ריק במפה כדי לבטל את הבחירה. הקשר ייעוצים של NOAA NHC/CPHC. החרוט מתאר אי-ודאות של מסלול המרכז בחזוי, לא את גודל הסערה ולא את מלוא אזור הסכנה. תוויות נקודות החזוי הן שעות חיזוי של המקור, לא זמנים שחושבו מפרסום הייעוץ. הגאומטריה נצמדת לפני הקרקע; הגובה אינו גובה מטאורולוגי. היווע בייעוץ הרשמי.",
+  "Advisory center / forecast track": "מרכז הייעוץ / מסלול התחזית",
+  "Center-track uncertainty cone": "חרוט אי-הוודאות של מהלך המרכז",
+  "Select a storm on the map, or choose a storm in the list to select it and move the camera. Click empty map space to clear the selection. NOAA NHC/CPHC advisory context. The cone describes forecast center-track uncertainty, not storm size or the full hazard area. Forecast point labels are source lead hours, not times computed from advisory issuance. Geometry follows the surface; height is not weather altitude. Consult the official advisory.": "בחר סערה במפה, או בחר סערה ברשימה כדי לבחור אותה ולהזיז את המצלמה. לחץ בשטח ריק במפה כדי לבטל את הבחירה. הקשר ייעוצים של NOAA NHC/CPHC. החרוט מתאר אי-ודאות של מסלול המרכז בתחזית, לא את גודל הסערה ולא את מלוא אזור הסכנה. תוויות נקודות התחזית הן שעות חיזוי של המקור, לא זמנים שחושבו מפרסום הייעוץ. הגאומטריה נצמדת לפני הקרקע; הגובה אינו גובה מטאורולוגי. היוועץ בייעוץ הרשמי.",
   "Malformed cyclone snapshot": "תמונת מצב של ציקלון פגומה",
   "Cyclone request timed out": "בקשת הציקלון חרגה מהזמן הקצוב",
   "DRIVE": "נסיעה",
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@
   "direction|sharply left": "שמאלה בחדות",
   "direction|sharply right": "ימינה בחדות",
   "direction|straight": "ישר",
-  "direction|around": "דרך המעגל",
+  "direction|around": "לאחור",
   "fork direction|left": "שמאלה",
   "fork direction|right": "ימינה",
   "fork direction|slightly left": "שמאלה קלות",
@@ -592,13 +592,13 @@
   "fork direction|sharply left": "שמאלה בחדות",
   "fork direction|sharply right": "ימינה בחדות",
   "fork direction|straight": "ישר",
-  "lane direction|left": "שמאלה",
-  "lane direction|right": "ימינה",
-  "lane direction|slightly left": "שמאלה קלות",
-  "lane direction|slightly right": "ימינה קלות",
-  "lane direction|sharply left": "שמאלה בחדות",
-  "lane direction|sharply right": "ימינה בחדות",
-  "lane direction|straight": "ישר",
+  "lane direction|left": "השמאלי",
+  "lane direction|right": "הימני",
+  "lane direction|slightly left": "השמאלי הקל",
+  "lane direction|slightly right": "הימני הקל",
+  "lane direction|sharply left": "השמאלי החד",
+  "lane direction|sharply right": "הימני החד",
+  "lane direction|straight": "הישר",
   "ordinal|{number}st": "{number}.",
   "ordinal|{number}nd": "{number}.",
   "ordinal|{number}rd": "{number}.",
@@ -667,8 +667,8 @@
   "Swap A and B": "החלפה בין A ל-B",
   "FLY ···": "עף ···",
   "FLYING": "בטיסה",
-  "FLY": "עף",
-  "Fly the camera along the route": "עיפה את המצלמה לאורך המסלול",
+  "FLY": "טוס",
+  "Fly the camera along the route": "טוס עם המצלמה לאורך המסלול",
   "Place A and B first": "קבע קודם את A ו-B",
   "action|CLEAR": "נקה",
   "Remove the route and both markers": "הסרת המסלול ושני הסמנים",
@@ -696,12 +696,12 @@
   "From {lower}": "מ-{lower}",
   "Informational only · not for flight planning": "למידע בלבד · לא לתכנון טיסה",
   "Unnamed zone": "אזור ללא שם",
-  "Restricted airspace source unavailable": "מקור שמורות הטיס אינו זמין",
+  "Restricted airspace source unavailable": "מקור השמיים המוגבלים אינו זמין",
   "Prohibited (P)": "אסור (P)",
-  "Restricted (R)": "שמור (R)",
-  "FAA prohibited and restricted special-use airspace only, not the UAS Facility Map or UAS flight restrictions. Informational only — not a substitute for official UAS flight-planning tools (B4UFLY / LAANC).": "שמורות טיס ושמיים מיוחדים אסורים של ה-FAA בלבד, לא מפת ה-UAS Facility או מגבלות טיסה של UAS. למידע בלבד — אינו תחליף לכלי תכנון טיסה רשמיים של UAS (B4UFLY / LAANC).",
+  "Restricted (R)": "מוגבל (R)",
+  "FAA prohibited and restricted special-use airspace only, not the UAS Facility Map or UAS flight restrictions. Informational only — not a substitute for official UAS flight-planning tools (B4UFLY / LAANC).": "השמיים האסורים (P) והמוגבלים (R) לשימוש מיוחד של ה-FAA בלבד, לא מפת ה-UAS Facility ולא מגבלות הטיסה של UAS. למידע בלבד — אינו תחליף לכלי תכנון הטיסה הרשמיים של UAS (B4UFLY / LAANC).",
   "Prohibited": "אסור",
-  "Restricted": "שמור",
+  "Restricted": "מוגבל",
   "Earthquake source unavailable": "מקור רעידות האדמה אינו זמין",
   "Focus fire detection {title}, {details}": "התמקדות בזיהוי שריפה {title}, {details}",
   "live feed unavailable": "פיד חי אינו זמין",
@@ -714,7 +714,7 @@
   "max {value} MW": "מקס {value} MW",
   "new {value}": "חדש לפני {value}",
   "{n} fires": {
-    "one": "{n} שריפות",
+    "one": "{n} שריפה",
     "two": "{n} שריפות",
     "other": "{n} שריפות"
   },
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@
   "fire confidence|nominal": "רגילה",
   "fire confidence|low": "נמוכה",
   "age|<1h": "פחות משעה",
-  "age|{count}h": "{count} שעות",
+  "age|{count}h": "{count} שע",
   "age|{count}d": "{count} ימים",
   "fire confidence filter|All": "הכול",
   "fire confidence filter|Nominal+": "רגילה+",
@@ -739,17 +739,17 @@
   "Nominal and high confidence detections": "זיהויים בוודאות רגילה וגבוהה",
   "High confidence detections only": "זיהויים בוודאות גבוהה בלבד",
   "Fire intensity (FRP)": "עוצמת השריפה (FRP)",
-  "Minimum fire radiative power, megawatts": "ספק קרינת שריפה מינימלי, מגה-ואט",
+  "Minimum fire radiative power, megawatts": "הספק קרינת השריפה המינימלי, במגה-ואט",
   "≥ {value} MW": "≥ {value} MW",
   "fire intensity filter|All": "הכול",
   "Confidence": "ודאות",
-  "Detection confidence": "ודאת הזיהוי",
+  "Detection confidence": "ודאות הזיהוי",
   "{shown} of {total} shown": "{shown} מתוך {total} מוצגים",
   "STALE · cached {age}": "מיושן · מהמטמון לפני {age}",
   "refreshing...": "מרענן...",
   "loading...": "טוען...",
   "KEY REQUIRED": "נדרש מפתח",
-  "LIVE · updated {age}": "חי · עודכן לפני {age}",
+  "LIVE · updated {age}": "חי · עודכן {age}",
   "FIRE": "שריפה",
   "Source snapshot time unavailable": "זמן תמונת המצב של המקור אינו זמין",
   "Live data unavailable": "נתונים חיים אינם זמינים",
@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@
   "Report": "דוח",
   "Open the source for {title}": "פתיחת המקור של {title}",
   "GhostMaps catalog unavailable": "קטלוג GhostMaps אינו זמין",
-  "LIVE · GitHub {commit} · {message} · checked every {seconds}s": "חי · GitHub {commit} · {message} · בדיקה כל {seconds} שניות",
+  "LIVE · GitHub {commit} · {message} · checked every {seconds}s": "חי · GitHub {commit} · {message} · בדיקה כל {seconds} שנ",
   "GitHub {commit} · {message} · reconnecting for live updates": "GitHub {commit} · {message} · מתחבר מחדש לעדכונים חיים",
   "Connecting to the S2 GhostMaps repository…": "מתחבר למאגר S2 GhostMaps…",
   "{count} placemarks": {
@@ -804,13 +804,13 @@
   "installation class|INSTALLATION": "מתקן",
   "No mapped sites within {km} km of the contact": "אין אתרים ממופים בטווח {km} ק\"מ מהמגע",
   "{count} mapped sites within {km} km of the contact": {
-    "one": "{count} אתרים ממופים בטווח {km} ק\"מ מהמגע",
+    "one": "{count} אתר ממופה בטווח {km} ק\"מ מהמגע",
     "two": "{count} אתרים ממופים בטווח {km} ק\"מ מהמגע",
     "other": "{count} אתרים ממופים בטווח {km} ק\"מ מהמגע"
   },
   "No mapped sites in view": "אין אתרים ממופים בתצוגה",
   "{count} mapped sites in view": {
-    "one": "{count} אתרים ממופים בתצוגה",
+    "one": "{count} אתר ממופה בתצוגה",
     "two": "{count} אתרים ממופים בתצוגה",
     "other": "{count} אתרים ממופים בתצוגה"
   },
@@ -826,7 +826,7 @@
   "LIFTOFF · {mission}": "ניתוק מהקרקע · {mission}",
   "ASCENT REPLAY · {mission}": "שחזור עלייה · {mission}",
   "ASCENT ESTIMATE · {mission}": "הערכת עלייה · {mission}",
-  "STAGE RE-ENTRY / RECOVERY · {mission}": "חדירה חזרה / שחזור שלב · {mission}",
+  "STAGE RE-ENTRY / RECOVERY · {mission}": "כניסה חוזרת / השבת שלב · {mission}",
   "ORBIT REPLAY · {mission}": "שחזור מסלול · {mission}",
   "PAUSED · {title}": "מושהה · {title}",
   "CONFIRMED": "מאושר",
@@ -843,14 +843,14 @@
   "{count} / 30D": "{count} / 30D",
   "NO MISSIONS AVAILABLE IN THE CURRENT 30-DAY WINDOW": "אין משימות זמינות בחלון 30 הימים הנוכחי",
   "{value} KM": "{value} ק\"מ",
-  "{value} KM/S": "{value} ק\"מ/ש",
+  "{value} KM/S": "{value} KM/S",
   "EST. DOWNRANGE": "הערכה במורד הטווח",
   "PLANNED · ": "מתוכנן · ",
   "SUPPLIED TRAJECTORY POINTS": "נקודות מסלול שסופקו",
   "RECONSTRUCTED ESTIMATE": "הערכת שחזור",
   "Resume replay": "המשך השמעה חוזרת",
   "Pause replay": "השהה השמעה חוזרת",
-  "T minus {seconds}": "נותרו {seconds} שניות לשיגור",
+  "T minus {seconds}": "נותרו {seconds} שנ לשיגור",
   "Preparing launch site": "מכין את אתר השיגור",
   "Liftoff": "ניתוק",
   "Ascent replay": "שחזור עלייה",
@@ -865,14 +865,14 @@
   "Your RTL-SDR receiver and decoder feed": "מקלט ה-RTL-SDR שלך ופיד הדקודר",
   "Your decoder feed": "פיד הדקודר שלך",
   "Your RTL-SDR receiver": "מקלט ה-RTL-SDR שלך",
-  "NO CALLSIGN": "אין קריאת קוד",
+  "NO CALLSIGN": "אין אות קריאה",
   "ALT {altitude} FT · GS {speed} KT · TRK {track}": "ALT {altitude} FT · GS {speed} KT · TRK {track}",
   "V/S {rate}": "V/S {rate}",
   "V/S {rate} FPM": "V/S {rate} FPM",
   "POSITION {age}": "מיקום לפני {age}",
-  "POSITION {seconds} S AGO": "מיקום לפני {seconds} שניות",
+  "POSITION {seconds} S AGO": "מקום לפני {seconds} שנ",
   "{count} MSGS": {
-    "one": "{count} הודעות",
+    "one": "{count} הודעה",
     "two": "{count} הודעות",
     "other": "{count} הודעות"
   },
@@ -973,7 +973,7 @@
   "Metal": "מטאל",
   "Oldies": "קלאסיקות",
   "Pop": "פופ",
-  "Punk": "פאנק",
+  "Punk": "פאנק רוק",
   "R&B": "R&B",
   "Reggae": "רגאיי",
   "Rock": "רוק",
@@ -1161,7 +1161,7 @@
   "feed down": "הפיד מושבת",
   "feed idle": "פיד בחוסר פעילות",
   "API key rejected — check AISSTREAM_API_KEY": "מפתח ה-API נדחה — בדוק את AISSTREAM_API_KEY",
-  "feed silent {seconds}s — no AIS data": "פיד שקט {seconds} שניות — אין נתוני AIS",
+  "feed silent {seconds}s — no AIS data": "פיד שקט {seconds} שנ — אין נתוני AIS",
   "feed silent — no AIS data": "פיד שקט — אין נתוני AIS",
   "feed down — retrying slowly (attempt {attempt})": "הפיד מושבת — מנסה שוב לאט (ניסיון {attempt})",
   "reconnecting to feed… (attempt {attempt})": "מתחבר מחדש לפיד… (ניסיון {attempt})",
@@ -1188,24 +1188,24 @@
   "{detail} · nearest": "{detail} · הקרוב",
   "RADAR · {units}": "רדאר · {units}",
   "RADAR REFLECTIVITY · dBZ": "רפלקטיביות רדאר · dBZ",
-  "LIGHTNING DENSITY · 15 min accumulation": "צפיפות מכות · צבירה של 15 דק",
+  "LIGHTNING DENSITY · 15 min accumulation": "צפיפות ברקים · צבירה של 15 דק",
   "GLOBAL INFRARED · hourly": "אינפרא-אדום גלובלי · לכל שעה",
   "GOES INFRARED · ~5 min": "אינפרא-אדום GOES · ~5 דק",
   "{state}: {time}": "{state}: {time}",
   "Latest observation": "התצפית האחרונה",
-  "frame {index}/{total}": "שקופית {index}/{total}",
+  "frame {index}/{total}": "שקופית {index} מתוך {total}",
   "loading": "טוען",
   "Observation: unavailable": "תצפית: לא זמינה",
   "Contiguous US · gaps ≠ no rain": "ארה\"ב הרציפה · פערים ≠ אין גשם",
-  "Americas + Pacific · not individual strikes": "האמריקות + הפסיפיק · לא מכות בודדות",
+  "Americas + Pacific · not individual strikes": "האמריקות + הפסיפיק · לא פגיעות בודדות",
   "60°S–60°N · typically 2–3 h delayed": "60°S–60°N · בדרך כלל בפער 2–3 שע",
   "North America · infrared imagery": "אמריקה הצפונית · צילומי אינפרא-אדום",
-  "Color: strikes/km²/min ×10³": "צבע: מכות/קמ\"ר/דק ×10³",
+  "Color: strikes/km²/min ×10³": "צבע: פגיעות ברק/קמ\"ר/דק ×10³",
   "Color: {units}": "צבע: {units}",
   "Reduced motion · history playback unavailable": "תנועה מופחתת · הצגת ההיסטוריה אינה זמינה",
   "Reduced motion · manual history available": "תנועה מופחתת · היסטוריה ידנית זמינה",
   "Rain radar · US": "רדאר גשם · ארה\"ב",
-  "Lightning density · 15 min": "צפיפות מכות · 15 דק",
+  "Lightning density · 15 min": "צפיפות ברקים · 15 דק",
   "Satellite clouds": "עננים מלוויין",
   "Americas + Pacific": "האמריקות + הפסיפיק",
   "Global · 60°S–60°N": "גלובלית · 60°S–60°N",
@@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@
   "Stale source": "מקור מיושן",
   "Loading next frame…": "טוען את השקופית הבאה…",
   "Map center outside coverage": "מרכז המפה מחוץ לכיסוי",
-  "strikes/km²/min ×10³": "מכות/קמ\"ר/דק ×10³",
+  "strikes/km²/min ×10³": "פגיעות ברק/קמ\"ר/דק ×10³",
   "N. America": "צפ. אמריקה",
   "Global": "גלובלי",
   "Hourly global mosaic; usually 2–3 hours delayed": "פסיפס גלובלי של שעה; בדרך כלל בפער 2–3 שעות",
@@ -1229,13 +1229,13 @@
   "View coverage": "הצג כיסוי",
   "View US radar": "הצג רדאר ארה\"ב",
   "View Americas & Pacific": "הצג האמריקות והפסיפיק",
-  "{value} strikes/km²/min ×10³ (15-minute density)": "{value} מכות/קמ\"ר/דק ×10³ (צפיפות 15 דק)",
+  "{value} strikes/km²/min ×10³ (15-minute density)": "{value} פגיעות ברק/קמ\"ר/דק ×10³ (צפיפות 15 דק)",
   "{value} dBZ radar reflectivity": "{value} dBZ רפלקטיביות רדאר",
   "STALE · cached source metadata": "מיושן · מידע המקור מהמטמון",
   "Map center is outside source coverage": "מרכז המפה מחוץ לכיסוי המקור",
-  "NOAA/NWS 15-minute lightning density derived from Vaisala NLDN/GLD360. Coverage 110°E across the Pacific/Americas to 0°, 25°S–80°N. Not a live strike count, global coverage or a safety warning.": "צפיפות מכות של 15 דק מ-NOAA/NWS, נגזרת מ-Vaisala NLDN/GLD360. כיסוי מ-110°צ דרך הפסיפיק/אמריקות עד 0°, בין 25°S–80°N. אינו מנייה חיה של מכות, כיסוי גלובלי, ולא אזהרת בטיחות.",
+  "NOAA/NWS 15-minute lightning density derived from Vaisala NLDN/GLD360. Coverage 110°E across the Pacific/Americas to 0°, 25°S–80°N. Not a live strike count, global coverage or a safety warning.": "צפיפות ברקים של 15 דק מ-NOAA/NWS, נגזרת מ-Vaisala NLDN/GLD360. כיסוי מ-110°E דרך הפסיפיק/האמריקות עד 0°, בין 25°S–80°N. אינו מנייה חיה של פגיעות, כיסוי גלובלי, ולא אזהרת בטיחות.",
   "NOAA MRMS radar echoes indicate precipitation patterns, not rain rate, a storm warning or a future forecast. Native source approximately 1 km; display is limited to level 6. Frames use exact advertised observation times.": "הדי הרדאר של NOAA MRMS מציינים דפוסי משקעים, לא קצב גשם, אזהרת סערה או חזוי עתידי. המקור הילידי בערך 1 ק\"מ; התצוגה מוגבלת לרמה 6. השקופיות משתמשות בזמני התצפית שהוכרזו, במדויק.",
-  "GOES-19/18 longwave infrared Band 14 regional; NESDIS global longwave mosaic. Clouds only dims everything but bright, cold cloud tops; a brightness filter, not a cloud mask. Coverage and freshness differ by region.": "אינפרא-אדום גלים ארוכים מוכ״ס 14 של GOES-19/18, אזורי; פסיפס גלים ארוכים גלובלי של NESDIS. „עננים בלבד“ מעמעם הכול מלבד ראשי עננים קרים ובהירים; זהו מסנן בהירות, לא מסך עננים. הכיסוי והרעננות משתנים לפי אזור.",
+  "GOES-19/18 longwave infrared Band 14 regional; NESDIS global longwave mosaic. Clouds only dims everything but bright, cold cloud tops; a brightness filter, not a cloud mask. Coverage and freshness differ by region.": "האינפרא-אדום בגלים ארוכים של GOES-19/18, ערוץ 14, אזורי; פסיפס עולמי של גלים ארוכים מ-NESDIS. „עננים בלבד\" מעמעם הכול מלבד ראשי העננים הקרים והבהירים; זהו מסנן בהירות, לא מסך עננים. הכיסוי והרעננות משתנים לפי האזור.",
   "REGION": "אזור",
   "FILTER": "מסנן",
   "Cloud filter strength": "עוצמת סינון עננים",
@@ -1290,23 +1290,23 @@
   "{source} HTTP {status}": "{source} HTTP {status}",
   "Wind": "רוח",
   "Wind source unavailable": "מקור הרוח אינו זמין",
-  "Forecast · does not follow history": "חזוי · אינו מתאים להיסטוריה",
+  "Forecast · does not follow history": "תחזית · אינה נעה עם ההיסטוריה",
   "Wind motion": "תנועת רוח",
   "Wind speed": "מהירות רוח",
   "Sea-level pressure": "לחץ בגובה פני הים",
   "Air temperature · 2 m": "טמפרטורת אוויר · 2 מ׳",
   "Global · 1° grid": "גלובלי · סריג 1°",
-  "{model} forecast · {time}": "חזוי {model} · {time}",
-  "Loading forecast": "טוען חזוי",
+  "{model} forecast · {time}": "תחזית {model} · {time}",
+  "Loading forecast": "טוען תחזית",
   "Preparing flow": "מכין זרימה",
   "Selected field unavailable": "השדה הנבחר אינו זמין",
-  "Cached forecast · stale": "חזוי מהמטמון · מיושן",
-  "ECMWF IFS surface forecast": "חזוי פני קרקע ECMWF IFS",
-  "NOAA GFS surface forecast": "חזוי פני קרקע NOAA GFS",
+  "Cached forecast · stale": "תחזית מהמטמון · מיושנת",
+  "ECMWF IFS surface forecast": "תחזית פני הקרקע ECMWF IFS",
+  "NOAA GFS surface forecast": "תחזית פני הקרקע NOAA GFS",
   "Reduced motion": "תנועה מופחתת",
   "Resume": "המשך",
   "Pause": "השהה",
-  "Pause visual flow; forecast time does not advance with animation": "השהה את הזרימה החזותית; זמן החזוי אינו מתקדם עם ההנפשה",
+  "Pause visual flow; forecast time does not advance with animation": "השהה את הזרימה החזותית; זמן התחזית אינו מתקדם עם ההנפשה",
   "None": "ללא",
   "Speed": "מהירות",
   "Pressure": "לחץ",
@@ -1317,19 +1317,19 @@
   "Air temperature two meters above the surface": "טמפרטורת אוויר שני מטרים מעל הקרקע",
   "Wind speed units": "יחידות מהירות רוח",
   "Read wind at map center": "קרא רוח במרכז המפה",
-  "Read the forecast at the center of the map without changing selection": "קרא את החזוי במרכז המפה מבלי לשנות את הבחירה",
-  "{model} forecast · {field} ({unit})": "חזוי {model} · {field} ({unit})",
+  "Read the forecast at the center of the map without changing selection": "קריאת התחזית במרכז המפה מבלי לשנות את הבחירה",
+  "{model} forecast · {field} ({unit})": "תחזית {model} · {field} ({unit})",
   "Valid: {time}": "תקף: {time}",
   "preparing": "בהכנה",
   "Issued: {time}": "פורסם: {time}",
   "Selected field unavailable · wind remains visible": "השדה הנבחר אינו זמין · הרוח נשארת גלויה",
   "{error} · wind remains visible": "{error} · הרוח נשארת גלויה",
-  "Surface wind at 10 m. Approximately 1° global grid. Curves follow the 10 m wind field, lifted 12 km for visibility; display height is not weather altitude. View lighting is for readability. Animation shows flow through one fixed forecast; it does not advance time. Color fields drape the globe basemap or the active photorealistic 3D Tiles.": "רוח פני קרקע בגובה 10 מ׳. סריג גלובלי בערך 1°. העקומות עוקבות שדה הרוח ב-10 מ׳, מוגבהות 12 ק\"מ לראות; גובה התצוגה אינו גובה מטאורולוגי. תאורת הצפייה לצורך קריאות. ההנפשה מציגה זרימה בחזוי קבוע אחד; היא מתקה מעט זמן. שדות הצבע מכסים את מפת בסיס הגלובלי, או את Google 3D Tiles הפעיל.",
+  "Surface wind at 10 m. Approximately 1° global grid. Curves follow the 10 m wind field, lifted 12 km for visibility; display height is not weather altitude. View lighting is for readability. Animation shows flow through one fixed forecast; it does not advance time. Color fields drape the globe basemap or the active photorealistic 3D Tiles.": "רוח פני הקרקע בגובה 10 מ׳, על סריג של כ-1°. העקומות עוקבות את שדה הרוח בגובה 10 מ׳, מוגבהות 12 ק\"מ לקריאות; גובה התצוגה אינו גובה מטאורולוגי. תאורת התצוגה נועדה לקריאות. ההנפשה מציגה זרימה בתחזית אחת קבועה; היא אינה מקדמת את הזמן. שדות הצבע נפרשים מעל מפת הבסיס של הגלובוס או מעל ה-3D Tiles הפוטוריאליסטיים הפעילים.",
   "MODEL": "מודל",
   "FIELD": "שדה",
   "UNITS": "יחידות",
   "MOTION": "תנועה",
-  "Forecast": "חזוי",
+  "Forecast": "תחזית",
   "N": "N",
   "NNE": "NNE",
   "NE": "NE",
@@ -1348,8 +1348,8 @@
   "NNW": "NNW",
   "No surface reading": "אין קריאת שטח",
   "Aim the map center at Earth": "כוון את מרכז המפה אל העולם",
-  "A location reading needs a loaded forecast and the Earth at the center of the view.": "קריאת מיקום דורשת חזוי נטען וכדור הארץ במרכז התצוגה.",
-  "Interpolated model forecast on an approximately 1° grid. Broad weather patterns, not a street-level measurement.": "חזוי מודל באינטרפולציה על סריג של כ-1°. דפוסי מזג אוויר רחבים, לא מדידה ברמת הרחוב.",
+  "A location reading needs a loaded forecast and the Earth at the center of the view.": "קריאת מקום דורשת תחזית טעונה ואת כדור הארץ במרכז התצוגה.",
+  "Interpolated model forecast on an approximately 1° grid. Broad weather patterns, not a street-level measurement.": "תחזית מודל באינטרפולציה על סריג של כ-1°. דפוסי מזג אוויר רחבים, לא מדידה ברמת הרחוב.",
   " · calm": " · שקטה",
   " from {direction}": " מ-{direction}",
   "WIND AT {coordinates}": "רוח ב-{coordinates}",
@@ -1400,12 +1400,12 @@
   "Cannot update {scene}: evidence beats changed": "לא ניתן לעדכן את {scene}: קטעי הראיות השתנו",
   "Cannot update {scene}: shot bindings are incomplete": "לא ניתן לעדכן את {scene}: קשירות השוטים אינן שלמות",
   "Updated {count} shots: {scene}": {
-    "one": "עודכנו {count} שוטים: {scene}",
+    "one": "עודכן {count} שוט: {scene}",
     "two": "עודכנו {count} שוטים: {scene}",
     "other": "עודכנו {count} שוטים: {scene}"
   },
   "Appended {count} shots: {scene}": {
-    "one": "צורפו {count} שוטים: {scene}",
+    "one": "צורף {count} שוט: {scene}",
     "two": "צורפו {count} שוטים: {scene}",
     "other": "צורפו {count} שוטים: {scene}"
   },
@@ -1433,7 +1433,7 @@
   "Action unavailable or cancelled": "הפעולה אינה זמינה או בוטלה",
   "Select a feature or use Tab and Enter to choose an action.": "בחר אובייקט, או השתמש ב-Tab ו-Enter לבחירת פעולה.",
   "Selected feature: {feature}. Choose an action.": "נבחר אובייקט: {feature}. בחר פעולה.",
-  "Running {index}/{total}: {scene} / {shot}": "מריץ {index}/{total}: {scene} / {shot}",
+  "Running {index}/{total}: {scene} / {shot}": "מריץ {index} מתוך {total}: {scene} / {shot}",
   "Scene run complete": "ריצת הסצנה הושלמה",
   "Bhote Koshi Evidence Sequence": "רצף הראיות של Bhote Koshi",
   "Nepal Flood Incident": "אירוע השיטפון בנפאל",
@@ -1466,17 +1466,17 @@
   "the scene data failed validation": "נתוני הסצנה נכשלו באימות",
   "Could not complete this action. Check the file, references and selected assets.": "לא ניתן להשלים את הפעולה הזאת. בדוק את הקובץ, ההתייחסויות והנכסים הנבחרים.",
   "{count} scenes": {
-    "one": "{count} סצנות",
+    "one": "{count} סצנה",
     "two": "{count} סצנות",
     "other": "{count} סצנות"
   },
   "{count} shots": {
-    "one": "{count} שוטים",
+    "one": "{count} שוט",
     "two": "{count} שוטים",
     "other": "{count} שוטים"
   },
   "{count} data packs": {
-    "one": "{count} חבילות נתונים",
+    "one": "{count} חבילת נתונים",
     "two": "{count} חבילות נתונים",
     "other": "{count} חבילות נתונים"
   },
@@ -1526,7 +1526,7 @@
   "SDR decoder fell behind; receiver stopped": "פענוח ה-SDR נשאר מאחור; המקלט נעצר",
   "WebUSB requires desktop Chrome or Edge": "WebUSB דורש Chrome או Edge שולחני",
   "Waiting for an RTL-SDR device…": "ממתין למקלט RTL-SDR…",
-  "Browser audio is suspended; press Connect again to resume it": "שמע הדפדפן מושהה; הקש Connect שוב כדי לחדש אותו",
+  "Browser audio is suspended; press Connect again to resume it": "שמע הדפדפן מושהה; הקש \"חבר\" שוב כדי לחדש אותו",
   "RTL-SDR sample stream stopped": "זרימת הדגימות של RTL-SDR נעצרה",
   "Switching to {mode}…": "עובר אל {mode}…",
   "Browser audio is suspended; select FM again to resume it": "שמע הדפדפן מושהה; בחר FM שוב כדי לחדש אותו",
@@ -1560,9 +1560,9 @@
   "Scanlines": "קווי סריקה",
   "Sensitivity": "רגישות",
   "WHOT/BHOT": "WHOT/BHOT",
-  "Ironbow": "קשת ברזל",
-  "Left panels": "פאנלים שמאליים",
-  "Right panels": "פאנלים ימניים",
+  "Ironbow": "Ironbow",
+  "Left panels": "פאנלים ימניים",
+  "Right panels": "פאנלים שמאליים",
   "Contacts could not complete the requested transition; try again": "המגעים לא השלימו את המעבר המבוקש; נסה שוב",
   "CCTV layer unavailable": "שכבת CCTV אינה זמינה",
   "Link shared": "הקישור שותף",
@@ -1604,7 +1604,7 @@
   "FRAME · LOADING": "שקופית · בטעינה",
   "FRAME · UNAVAILABLE": "שקופית · לא זמינה",
   "{count} more cameras outside this view · pan or zoom out": {
-    "one": "{count} מצלמות נוספות מחוץ לתצוגה הזאת · הזז או זום החוצה",
+    "one": "{count} מצלמה נוספת מחוץ לתצוגה הזאת · הזז או זום החוצה",
     "two": "{count} מצלמות נוספות מחוץ לתצוגה הזאת · הזז או זום החוצה",
     "other": "{count} מצלמות נוספות מחוץ לתצוגה הזאת · הזז או זום החוצה"
   },
@@ -1621,12 +1621,12 @@
   "OFF": "כבוי",
   "{city} · HDG {heading} · FOV {fov} · RANGE {range}m · {projection}{calBadge} · {provider}{status}": "{city} · HDG {heading} · FOV {fov} · טווח {range} מ׳ · {projection}{calBadge} · {provider}{status}",
   "{count} cameras loaded · click a camera to activate": {
-    "one": "{count} מצלמות נטענו · לחץ על מצלמה להפעלה",
+    "one": "{count} מצלמה נטענה · לחץ על מצלמה להפעלה",
     "two": "{count} מצלמות נטענו · לחץ על מצלמה להפעלה",
     "other": "{count} מצלמות נטענו · לחץ על מצלמה להפעלה"
   },
   "{count} cameras loaded · enable CCTV to activate": {
-    "one": "{count} מצלמות נטענו · הפעל CCTV להפעלה",
+    "one": "{count} מצלמה נטענה · הפעל CCTV להפעלה",
     "two": "{count} מצלמות נטענו · הפעל CCTV להפעלה",
     "other": "{count} מצלמות נטענו · הפעל CCTV להפעלה"
   },
@@ -1650,9 +1650,9 @@
   "CYCLE OFF": "מחזור כבוי",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "אוסף חדשות אזוריות",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "מזהה אזור",
-  "CONDITIONS UNKNOWN": "מחיזים לא ידועים",
+  "CONDITIONS UNKNOWN": "תנאים לא ידועים",
   "CLEAR": "בהיר",
-  "PARTLY CLOUDY": "חלקי מעונן",
+  "PARTLY CLOUDY": "מעונן חלקית",
   "OVERCAST": "מעונן",
   "FOG": "ערפל",
   "DRIZZLE": "טפטוף",
@@ -1666,7 +1666,7 @@
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "חדשות אזוריות אינן זמינות",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "אזור אינו זמין",
   "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "אין התאמות מיקום אחרונות",
-  "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · לפני {age}",
+  "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
   "{value} KM/H": "{value} קמ\"ש",
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "עננות {pct}%",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "עננות לא ידועה",
@@ -1689,9 +1689,9 @@
   "L": "L",
   "R": "R",
   "{count} INPUTS UNKNOWN · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": {
-    "one": "{count} קלטים לא ידועים · ללא אישור מלא",
-    "two": "{count} קלטים לא ידועים · ללא אישור מלא",
-    "other": "{count} קלטים לא ידועים · ללא אישור מלא"
+    "one": "{count} קלט לא ידוע · לא אות הרגעה",
+    "two": "{count} קלטים לא ידועים · לא אות הרגעה",
+    "other": "{count} קלטים לא ידועים · לא אות הרגעה"
   },
   "AVAILABLE INPUTS CURRENT · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "הקלטים הזמינים עדכניים · ללא אישור מלא",
   "CONTACTS · 250 KM": "מגעים · 250 ק\"מ",
@@ -1702,7 +1702,7 @@
   "Anime": "אנימה",
   "Noir": "נואר",
   "AIRCRAFT": "מטוס",
-  "LIVE TRACK · COURSE ALIGNED": "מעקב חי · מסלול תואם",
+  "LIVE TRACK · COURSE ALIGNED": "מעקב חי · מהלך תואם",
   "ROUTE DATA UNAVAILABLE": "נתוני המסלול אינם זמינים",
   "DEST ---°": "DEST ---°",
   "SQUAWK {code} · {status}": "SQUAWK {code} · {status}",
@@ -1714,13 +1714,13 @@
   "LIVE TRACK": "מעקב חי",
   "COMMERCIAL": "מסחרי",
   "{aircraftClass} · {emergency} · {feedState}": "{aircraftClass} · {emergency} · {feedState}",
-  "{aircraftClass} · {feedState} · COURSE ALIGNED": "{aircraftClass} · {feedState} · מסלול תואם",
+  "{aircraftClass} · {feedState} · COURSE ALIGNED": "{aircraftClass} · {feedState} · מהלך תואם",
   "ARROW · ESTIMATED DIRECTION": "חץ · כיוון מוערך",
   "DEST {bearing}": "DEST {bearing}",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "זמן לא ידוע",
-  "{count}M AGO": "לפני {count} דק'",
-  "{count}H AGO": "לפני {count} שע'",
-  "{count}D AGO": "לפני {count} יום",
+  "{count}M AGO": "לפני {count} דק",
+  "{count}H AGO": "לפני {count} שע",
+  "{count}D AGO": "לפני {count} ימ",
   "DIR UNKNOWN": "כיוון לא ידוע",
   "COCKPIT": "תא טייס",
   "Select flight {title}": "בחירת הטיסה {title}",
@@ -1736,34 +1736,34 @@
   },
   "SOURCE STATUS UNAVAILABLE": "מצב המקור אינו זמין",
   "TRACK ACQUIRED": "המעקב נתפס",
-  "{label} · COURSE {heading}°": "{label} · מסלול {heading}°",
+  "{label} · COURSE {heading}°": "{label} · מהלך {heading}°",
   "Context could not restore every layer; try again": "ההקשר לא שיחזר את כל השכבות; נסה שוב",
   "No selected data layers": "אין שכבות נתונים נבחרות",
   "{count} data layers could not be cleared": {
-    "one": "{count} שכבות נתונים לא נוקו",
+    "one": "{count} שכבת נתונים לא נוקתה",
     "two": "{count} שכבות נתונים לא נוקו",
     "other": "{count} שכבות נתונים לא נוקו"
   },
   "Cleared {count} data layers": {
-    "one": "נוקו {count} שכבות נתונים",
+    "one": "נוקתה {count} שכבת נתונים",
     "two": "נוקו {count} שכבות נתונים",
     "other": "נוקו {count} שכבות נתונים"
   },
   "Selected data layers could not be cleared": "שכבות הנתונים הנבחרות לא נוקו",
-  "Space Missions could not complete the requested transition; try again": "Space Missions לא השלים את המעבר המבוקש; נסה שוב",
+  "Space Missions could not complete the requested transition; try again": "משימות החלל לא השלימו את המעבר המבוקש; נסה שוב",
   "Nearby installations refreshed": "המתקנים הסמוכים התרעננו",
   "Nearby installations could not be refreshed; try again": "לא ניתן לרענן את המתקנים הסמוכים; נסה שוב",
-  "Space Missions cancellation could not restore the previous layer state": "ביטול Space Missions לא שיחזר את מצב השכבה הקודם",
+  "Space Missions cancellation could not restore the previous layer state": "ביטול משימות החלל לא שיחזר את מצב השכבה הקודם",
   "That layer is unavailable in the current Context mode": "השכבה הזאת אינה זמינה במצב ההקשר הנוכחי",
   "{layerId} could not {action} cleanly": "{layerId} — הפעולה {action} לא הסתיימה בנקיון",
   "start": "התחלה",
   "stop": "עצירה",
   "{mode} could not start because another layer did not stop cleanly": "{mode} לא החל כי שכבה אחרת לא נעצרה בנקיון",
-  "Space Missions": "Space Missions",
+  "Space Missions": "משימות חלל",
   "Context": "ההקשר",
   "Ground heights could not be refreshed. Try the file again when the map has loaded.": "את גבהי הקרקע לא ניתן לרענן. נסה שוב את הקובץ כשהמפה נטענת.",
   "{count} map objects": {
-    "one": "{count} אובייקטי מפה",
+    "one": "{count} אובייקט מפה",
     "two": "{count} אובייקטי מפה",
     "other": "{count} אובייקטי מפה"
   },
@@ -1772,12 +1772,12 @@
   "Reading {name}…": "קורא את {name}…",
   "That file could not be read.": "את הקובץ לא ניתן לקרוא.",
   "Added {count} files.": {
-    "one": "נוספו {count} קבצים.",
+    "one": "נוסף {count} קובץ.",
     "two": "נוספו {count} קבצים.",
     "other": "נוספו {count} קבצים."
   },
   "{count} files could not be added ({name}: {error})": {
-    "one": "{count} קבצים לא התווספו ({name}: {error})",
+    "one": "{count} קובץ לא התווסף ({name}: {error})",
     "two": "{count} קבצים לא התווספו ({name}: {error})",
     "other": "{count} קבצים לא התווספו ({name}: {error})"
   },
@@ -1806,17 +1806,17 @@
   "Datacenters": "מרכזי נתונים",
   "Dams": "סכרים",
   "Submarine Cables": "כבלים תת-ימיים",
-  "FIRMS Active Fires": "שרפות פעילות FIRMS",
+  "FIRMS Active Fires": "שריפות פעילות FIRMS",
   "Local ADS-B": "ADS-B מקומי",
   "OSM Places": "מקומות OSM",
   "Transit": "תחבורה ציבורית",
   "Recent Imagery": "צילומים אחרונים",
   "Fire Perimeters": "היקפי שרפות",
   "GNSS Integrity": "שלמות GNSS",
-  "Prohibited & Restricted Airspace": "שמיים אסורים ושמורים",
+  "Prohibited & Restricted Airspace": "מרחב אווירי אסור ומוגבל",
   "S2 GhostMaps": "S2 GhostMaps",
   "Rain radar": "רדאר גשם",
-  "Lightning density": "צפיפות מכות",
+  "Lightning density": "צפיפות ברקים",
   "Cyclone advisories": "ייעוצי ציקלונים",
   "ALPR Cameras": "מצלמות ALPR",
   "Sea Marks": "סימני ים",
@@ -1827,12 +1827,12 @@
   "Street Level": "Street Level",
   "Mapped ALPR Cameras": "מצלמות ALPR ממופות",
   "Data Centers": "מרכזי נתונים",
-  "Active Fires": "שרפות פעילות",
+  "Active Fires": "שריפות פעילות",
   "Military aircraft": "מטוס צבאי",
   "Vessels": "אוניות",
   "CCTV + Street View fallback": "CCTV + גיבוי Street View",
   "OpenStreetMap + optional Google Maps Places": "OpenStreetMap + Google Maps Places אופציונלי",
-  "GFS / ECMWF IFS · FORECAST": "GFS / ECMWF IFS · חזוי",
+  "GFS / ECMWF IFS · FORECAST": "GFS / ECMWF IFS · תחזית",
   "NOAA nowCOAST · OBSERVED": "NOAA nowCOAST · נצפה",
   "NASA FIRMS · LIVE": "NASA FIRMS · חי",
   "OSM routing": "ניתוב OSM",
@@ -1854,14 +1854,14 @@
   "Other layers": "שכבות אחרות",
   "{state} · {source}": "{state} · {source}",
   "UNCERTAIN · {source} · lifecycle state requires reconciliation": "לא ודאי · {source} · מצב מחזור החיים מצריך התאמה",
-  "{state} · {source} · {detail} · retry {seconds}s": "{state} · {source} · {detail} · ניסיון חוזר בעוד {seconds} שנ'",
+  "{state} · {source} · {detail} · retry {seconds}s": "{state} · {source} · {detail} · ניסיון חוזר בעוד {seconds} שנ",
   "{state} · {source} · {detail}": "{state} · {source} · {detail}",
   "never": "לעולם לא",
   "{source} · {loadingLabel}": "{source} · {loadingLabel}",
   "{accepted} of {raw} records accepted": "התקבלו {accepted} מתוך {raw} רשומות",
   "incomplete snapshot": "תמונת מצב שאינה שלמה",
   "{state} · {source} · {detail} · {ago}": "{state} · {source} · {detail} · {ago}",
-  "{state} · {source} · {ago} · retrying in {seconds}s": "{state} · {source} · {ago} · מנסה שוב בעוד {seconds} שנ'",
+  "{state} · {source} · {ago} · retrying in {seconds}s": "{state} · {source} · {ago} · מנסה שוב בעוד {seconds} שנ",
   "{state} · {source} · {ago}": "{state} · {source} · {ago}",
   "{source} · {ago}": "{source} · {ago}",
   "{count}s ago": "לפני {count} שנ'",
@@ -1881,12 +1881,12 @@
   "feed status|invalid": "בלתי תקין",
   "waiting for IQ": "ממתין ל-IQ",
   "{count} messages": {
-    "one": "{count} הודעות",
+    "one": "{count} הודעה",
     "two": "{count} הודעות",
     "other": "{count} הודעות"
   },
   "DSP {count} blocks": {
-    "one": "{count} בלוקים DSP",
+    "one": "{count} בלוק DSP",
     "two": "{count} בלוקים DSP",
     "other": "{count} בלוקים DSP"
   },
@@ -1895,7 +1895,7 @@
   "audio signal --": "אות שמע --",
   "audio {state}": "שמע {state}",
   "{count} HEARD": {
-    "one": "{count} נשמעו",
+    "one": "{count} נשמע",
     "two": "{count} נשמעו",
     "other": "{count} נשמעו"
   },
@@ -1939,7 +1939,7 @@
   "Washington DC": "וושינגטון די. סי.",
   "Tallinn": "טאלין",
   "Los Angeles": "לוס אנג׳לס",
-  "CH {index} / {total}": "ערוץ {index} / {total}",
+  "CH {index} / {total}": "ערוץ {index} מתוך {total}",
   "NO STATIONS": "אין תחנות",
   "NO STATION AVAILABLE": "אין תחנה זמינה",
   "{name}, station {index} of {total}": "{name}, תחנה {index} מתוך {total}",
@@ -2027,7 +2027,7 @@
   "NO BOX": "אין תיבה",
   "SEARCHING": "מחפש",
   "{count} DAYS": {
-    "one": "{count} ימים",
+    "one": "{count} יום",
     "two": "{count} ימים",
     "other": "{count} ימים"
   },
@@ -2035,7 +2035,7 @@
   "Select a box or use the view": "בחר תיבה או השתמש בתצוגה",
   "Searching the last 30 days": "מחפש ב-30 הימים האחרונים",
   "No days to show for this box": "אין ימים להצגה לתיבה הזאת",
-  "Drag the divider · SWAP trades sides": "גרור את המפריד · SWAP מחליף צדדים",
+  "Drag the divider · SWAP trades sides": "גרור את המפריד · \"החלפה\" מחליפה צדדים",
   "← → preview · A or B pins the focused day": "← → תצוגה מקדימה · A או B מקבע את היום במוקד",
   "← → preview the other side · A or B pins it": "← → הצצת הצד השני · A או B מקבעים אותו",
   "S on another day replaces it · × unpins": "S ביום אחר מחליף אותו · × מסיר את הקיבוע",
@@ -2147,7 +2147,7 @@
   "REFRESHING LIVE DATA": "מרענן נתונים חיים",
   "syncing road network": "מסנכרן את רשת הכבישים",
   "retry pending": "ניסיון חוזר בתור",
-  "retrying in {seconds}s": "מנסה שוב בעוד {seconds} שנ'",
+  "retrying in {seconds}s": "מנסה שוב בעוד {seconds} שנ",
   "ALPR cameras": "מצלמות ALPR",
   "OpenSky OAuth client missing/invalid": "לקוח ה-OAuth של OpenSky חסר או בלתי תקין",
   "OpenSky OAuth rejected credentials": "אישורי ה-OAuth של OpenSky נדחו",
@@ -2162,7 +2162,7 @@
   "Vector tiles unavailable (HTTP {status})": "אריחים וקטוריים אינם זמינים (HTTP {status})",
   "GNSS feed unavailable (HTTP {status})": "פיד GNSS אינו זמין (HTTP {status})",
   "{count} CelesTrak groups unavailable": {
-    "one": "{count} קבוצות CelesTrak אינן זמינות",
+    "one": "{count} קבוצת CelesTrak אינה זמינה",
     "two": "{count} קבוצות CelesTrak אינן זמינות",
     "other": "{count} קבוצות CelesTrak אינן זמינות"
   },
@@ -2184,30 +2184,30 @@
   "{error} — try again in a moment": "{error} — נסה שוב בעוד רגע",
   "entry {n}": "פריט {n}",
   "feeds {names} stale": {
-    "one": "הפידים {names} מיושנים",
+    "one": "הפיד {names} מיושן",
     "two": "הפידים {names} מיושנים",
     "other": "הפידים {names} מיושנים"
   },
   "feeds {names} unreachable": {
-    "one": "הפידים {names} בלתי נגישים",
+    "one": "הפיד {names} בלתי נגיש",
     "two": "הפידים {names} בלתי נגישים",
     "other": "הפידים {names} בלתי נגישים"
   },
   "feeds {names} invalid": {
-    "one": "הפידים {names} בלתי תקינים",
+    "one": "הפיד {names} אינו תקין",
     "two": "הפידים {names} בלתי תקינים",
     "other": "הפידים {names} בלתי תקינים"
   },
   "Loading {feeds}": "טוען {feeds}",
   "{count} heard": {
-    "one": "{count} נשמעו",
+    "one": "{count} נשמע",
     "two": "{count} נשמעו",
     "other": "{count} נשמעו"
   },
   "USB {rate} msg/s": "USB {rate} הודעות/שנ",
   "{rate} msg/s": "{rate} הודעות/שנ",
   "{count} feeds live": {
-    "one": "{count} פידים חיים",
+    "one": "{count} פיד חי",
     "two": "{count} פידים חיים",
     "other": "{count} פידים חיים"
   },
@@ -2224,7 +2224,7 @@
   "LAST 3 MONTHS": "3 החודשים האחרונים",
   "LAST MONTH": "החודש האחרון",
   "LAST {count} DAYS": {
-    "one": "{count} הימים האחרונים",
+    "one": "היום האחרון ({count})",
     "two": "{count} הימים האחרונים",
     "other": "{count} הימים האחרונים"
   },
@@ -2242,24 +2242,24 @@
   "Every provider is switched off: light a chip to draw its coverage.": "כל הספקים כבויים: הדלק שבב כדי לצייר את כיסויו.",
   "Loading this sequence…": "טוען את הרצף הזה…",
   "{n} images in this sequence · Esc clears": {
-    "one": "{n} תמונות ברצף הזה · Esc מנקה",
+    "one": "{n} תמונה ברצף הזה · Esc מנקה",
     "two": "{n} תמונות ברצף הזה · Esc מנקה",
     "other": "{n} תמונות ברצף הזה · Esc מנקה"
   },
   "No sequences in view match the filter": "אין רצפים בתצוגה שתואמים את המסנן",
   "No coverage in view": "אין כיסוי בתצוגה",
   "{n} streets in view · click a line for its nearest photo": {
-    "one": "{n} רחובות בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונתו הקרובה",
+    "one": "{n} רחוב בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונתו הקרובה",
     "two": "{n} רחובות בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונתו הקרובה",
     "other": "{n} רחובות בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונתו הקרובה"
   },
   "{n} sequences in view · click a line for its nearest photo": {
-    "one": "{n} רצפים בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונתו הקרובה",
+    "one": "{n} רצף בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונתו הקרובה",
     "two": "{n} רצפים בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונתו הקרובה",
     "other": "{n} רצפים בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונתו הקרובה"
   },
   "{n} sequences in view · click a line for its photos": {
-    "one": "{n} רצפים בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונותיו",
+    "one": "{n} רצף בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונותיו",
     "two": "{n} רצפים בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונותיו",
     "other": "{n} רצפים בתצוגה · לחץ על קו לתמונותיו"
   },
@@ -2279,7 +2279,7 @@
   "Current cockpit vision style: {style}. Activate for next style.": "סגנון הראייה הנוכחי בתא הטייס: {style}. הפעל למעבר לסגנון הבא.",
   "Current style: {style} — click for next": "הסגנון הנוכחי: {style} — לחץ לסגנון הבא",
   "Aircraft cockpit view": "תצוגת תא הטייס",
-  "LEVEL": "LEVEL",
+  "LEVEL": "מאוזן",
   "Estimated destination direction": "הכיוון המוערך אל היעד",
   "OPTICAL PLANE · 01": "מישור אופטי · 01",
   "VISOR LOCK · ACTIVE": "ויזור נעול · פעיל",
@@ -2374,11 +2374,11 @@
   "SHARE SCENE": "שיתוף הסצנה",
   "The Google Maps key buys the photorealistic planet — everything else stacks on top.": "מפתח Google Maps קונה את כוכב הלכת הפוטוריאליסטי — כל היתר נבנה עליו.",
   "Remove {title} from this app's saved keys": "הסרת {title} מהמפתחות השמורים של האפליקציה",
-  "POWER UP": "אתחול",
+  "POWER UP": "שדרוג",
   "GROUND STATION · PROVIDER SETTINGS": "תחנת קרקע · הגדרות ספקים",
   "Close key setup": "סגירת הגדרת המפתח",
-  "Power up the globe": "אתחול הגלובוס",
-  "The globe already flies keyless. Every key below switches on another real feed — paste one and it's saved into this app's local configuration, then the server restarts itself. Server-side keys stay on this machine; Google Maps and Cesium ion run in the browser and must be provider-restricted. Keys you configured elsewhere are shown but never touched.": "הגלובוס כבר עף ללא מפתחות. לכל מפתח להלן הזנה אמיתית נוספת — הדבק אחד והוא נשמר לתצורה המקומית של האפליקציה, ואז השרת מאתחל את עצמו. מפתחות של שרת נשארים במכונה הזאת; Google Maps ו-Cesium ion רצים בדפדפן וחייבים הגבלה אצל הספק. מפתחות שהגדרת במקום אחר מוצגים אך לא נעולים.",
+  "Power up the globe": "שדרוג הגלובוס",
+  "The globe already flies keyless. Every key below switches on another real feed — paste one and it's saved into this app's local configuration, then the server restarts itself. Server-side keys stay on this machine; Google Maps and Cesium ion run in the browser and must be provider-restricted. Keys you configured elsewhere are shown but never touched.": "הגלובוס כבר עף בלי מפתחות. לכל מפתח להלן הזנה אמיתית נוספת — הדבק אחד והוא נשמר לתצורה המקומית של האפליקציה, ואז השרת מאתחל את עצמו. מפתחות של שרת נשארים במכונה הזאת; Google Maps ו-Cesium ion רצים בדפדפן וחייבים הגבלה אצל הספק. מפתחות שהגדרת במקום אחר מוצגים, אך האפליקציה לעולם אינה משנה אותם.",
   "This key runs in the browser by design — restrict it at the provider (see SECURITY.md)": "מפתח זה רץ בדפדפן מתוך תכנון — הגבל אותו אצל הספק (ראה SECURITY.md)",
   "browser-side": "בצד הדפדפן",
   "Supplied by your environment, Keychain, or launcher — change it where it was set": "מסופק על ידי הסביבה, ה-Keychain או מריץ ההפעלה — שנה אותו במקום שבו הוגדר",
@@ -2478,14 +2478,14 @@
   "Ask GEV anything about the map…": "שאל את GEV כל דבר על המפה…",
   "Stop reply": "עצירת תשובה",
   "Send message": "שליחת הודעה",
-  "Cockpit briefing carousel": "קרוסלת דיווחי תא הטייס",
-  "Cockpit briefing controls": "פקדי דיווחי תא הטייס",
-  "Previous briefing page": "עמוד הדיווח הקודם",
-  "Next briefing page": "עמוד הדיווח הבא",
-  "Expand cockpit briefing panel": "הרחבת פאנל דיווחי תא הטייס",
-  "Collapse cockpit briefing panel": "קיפול פאנל דיווחי תא הטייס",
-  "Expand briefing panel": "הרחבת פאנל הדיווח",
-  "Collapse briefing panel": "קיפול פאנל הדיווח",
+  "Cockpit briefing carousel": "קרוסלת תדריכי תא הטייס",
+  "Cockpit briefing controls": "פקדי תדריכי תא הטייס",
+  "Previous briefing page": "עמוד התדריך הקודם",
+  "Next briefing page": "עמוד התדריך הבא",
+  "Expand cockpit briefing panel": "הרחבת פאנל תדריכי תא הטייס",
+  "Collapse cockpit briefing panel": "קיפול פאנל תדריכי תא הטייס",
+  "Expand briefing panel": "הרחבת פאנל התדריך",
+  "Collapse briefing panel": "קיפול פאנל התדריך",
   "Live signals": "אותות חיים",
   "Latest regional news": "חדשות אזוריות אחרונות",
   "Location-based information": "מידע לפי מקום",
@@ -2495,7 +2495,7 @@
   "PRECIP": "משקעים",
   "MM": "מ״מ",
   "Weather data by Open-Meteo.com": "נתוני מזג אוויר מאת Open-Meteo.com",
-  "Cockpit briefing pages": "עמודי הדיווח של תא הטייס",
+  "Cockpit briefing pages": "עמודי התדריך של תא הטייס",
   "Show Live Signals": "הצגת אותות חיים",
   "SIG": "אות",
   "Show Regional News": "הצגת חדשות אזוריות",
@@ -2635,11 +2635,11 @@
   "TYPE": "סוג",
   "DESTINATION": "יעד",
   "PAYLOAD DATA UNAVAILABLE": "נתוני המטען אינם זמינים",
-  "STAGE / RE-ENTRY / RECOVERY": "שלב / חדירה / שחזור",
+  "STAGE / RE-ENTRY / RECOVERY": "שלב / כניסה חוזרת / השבה",
   "STAGE": "שלב",
   "STATUS": "מצב",
   "FINAL POSITION": "המיקום הסופי",
-  "NO STAGE RE-ENTRY / RECOVERY DATA": "אין נתוני חדירה / שחזור שלב",
+  "NO STAGE RE-ENTRY / RECOVERY DATA": "אין נתוני כניסה חוזרת / השבת שלב",
   "REPLAY SPEED": "מהירות ההצגה החוזרת",
   "Replay speed multiplier": "מכפיל מהירות ההצגה החוזרת",
   "Replay the estimated ascent with a following camera": "הצגת העלייה המשוערת שוב, עם מצלמה עוקבת",
@@ -2652,10 +2652,10 @@
   "AVAILABLE MISSIONS": "המשימות הזמינות",
   "SELECT A MISSION TO INSPECT": "בחר משימה לבחינה",
   "LOADING 30-DAY MISSION INDEX": "טוען את מפתח המשימות ל-30 יום",
-  "TAB PREVIEWS · ENTER / SPACE SELECTS": "TAB מראה פרצים · Enter / מקש הרווח בוחר",
+  "TAB PREVIEWS · ENTER / SPACE SELECTS": "Tab לתצוגה מקדימה · Enter / מקש הרווח בוחר",
   "Panel position": "מקום הפאנל",
   "Move above the dock": "מעבר מעל העגינה",
-  "Dock to the right": "עגינה מימין",
+  "Dock to the right": "עגינה משמאל",
   "Expand panel": "הרחבת הפאנל",
   "Minimize panel": "מזעור הפאנל",
   "Panels": "פאנלים",
@@ -2681,7 +2681,7 @@
   "ALL · DRAG THE NEEDLE": "הכול · גרור את המחט",
   "SNAPS TO AVAILABLE STATIONS": "נצמד לתחנות הזמינות",
   "{count} files selected": {
-    "one": "נבחרו {count} קבצים",
+    "one": "נבחר {count} קובץ",
     "two": "נבחרו {count} קבצים",
     "other": "נבחרו {count} קבצים"
   },
@@ -2694,7 +2694,7 @@
   "Use your location for faster ADS-B position decoding": "שימוש במיקומך לפענוח מהיר יותר של מיקומי ADS-B",
   "Choose a different RTL-SDR or receiver channel": "בחירת RTL-SDR או ערוץ מקלט אחר",
   "CHANGE DEVICE": "החלפת מכשיר",
-  "RTL-SDR receiver mode": "מצב מקלן ה-RTL-SDR",
+  "RTL-SDR receiver mode": "מצב המקלט RTL-SDR",
   "GAIN": "הגברה",
   "RTL-SDR tuner gain for the current mode": "הגברת מכוון ה-RTL-SDR למצב הנוכחי",
   "AUTO": "אוטומטי",
@@ -2754,7 +2754,7 @@
   "Show quick commands": "הצגת פקודות מהירות",
   "Chat replies are silent. No microphone access is needed.": "תשובות הצ׳אט שקטות. אין צורך בגישה למיקרופון.",
   "Show Voice Preview": "הצגת תצוגה מקדימה לקול",
-  "Voice inactivity timeout": "תם זמן המנוחה של הקול",
+  "Voice inactivity timeout": "כיבוי הקול לאחר חוסר פעילות",
   "Custom": "מותאם",
   "Minutes": "דקות",
   "Voice model tier — applies next session": "דרגת מודל הקול — חלה מההפעלה הבאה",
@@ -2784,9 +2784,9 @@
   "Active weather": "מזג אוויר פעיל",
   "{time} · {minutes} min ago": "{time} · לפני {minutes} דק",
   "LATEST · newest per product": "האחרון · החדש ביותר לכל מוצר",
-  "Forecast · valid {valid} · issued {issued}": "חזוי · תקף {valid} · פורסם {issued}",
+  "Forecast · valid {valid} · issued {issued}": "תחזית · תקפה {valid} · פורסמה {issued}",
   "{detail} · Does not follow history": "{detail} · אינו נע עם ההיסטוריה",
-  "Forecast · valid {valid}": "חזוי · תקף {valid}",
+  "Forecast · valid {valid}": "תחזית · תקפה {valid}",
   "You can attach up to four items.": "ניתן לצרף עד ארבעה פריטים.",
   "Attachments are too large together. Use smaller files.": "הקבצים המצורפים גדולים יחד. השתמש בקבצים קטנים יותר.",
   "Choose a TXT, Markdown, CSV, JSON or GeoJSON file.": "בחר קובץ TXT, Markdown, CSV, JSON או GeoJSON.",
@@ -2831,7 +2831,7 @@
   "This browser does not support Gemini microphone audio": "הדפדפן הזה אינו תומך בשמע המיקרופון של Gemini",
   "Microphone audio processing failed": "עיבוד שמע המיקרופון נכשל",
   "Gemini audio playback fell behind. Reconnect to continue.": "השמעת האודיו של Gemini נשארה מאחור. חבר מחדש כדי להמשיך.",
-  "Gemini token response did not include an ephemeral credential": "תשובת האסימון של Gemini לא כללה פרטי גישה זנים",
+  "Gemini token response did not include an ephemeral credential": "תשובת האסימון של Gemini לא כללה פרטי גישה זמניים",
   "Invalid Gemini connection endpoint": "נקודת החיבור של Gemini בלתי תקינה",
   "Gemini voice could not connect. Try again.": "הקול של Gemini לא הצליח להתחבר. נסה שוב.",
   "Gemini voice requires a same-origin app request": "הקול של Gemini דורש בקשה ממקור אחיד",
@@ -2909,12 +2909,12 @@
   "Which {place}?": "איזו {place}?",
   "Which place?": "איזה מקום?",
   "{n} aircraft": {
-    "one": "{n} מטוסים",
+    "one": "{n} מטוס",
     "two": "{n} מטוסים",
     "other": "{n} מטוסים"
   },
   "{n} military aircraft": {
-    "one": "{n} מטוסים צבאיים",
+    "one": "{n} מטוס צבאי",
     "two": "{n} מטוסים צבאיים",
     "other": "{n} מטוסים צבאיים"
   },
@@ -2939,9 +2939,9 @@
     "other": "{n} רעידות אדמה"
   },
   "{n} fire perimeters": {
-    "one": "{n} היקפי שרפות",
-    "two": "{n} היקפי שרפות",
-    "other": "{n} היקפי שרפות"
+    "one": "{n} היקף שריפה",
+    "two": "{n} היקפי שריפות",
+    "other": "{n} היקפי שריפות"
   },
   "{n} cyclones": {
     "one": "{n} ציקלונים",
@@ -2979,9 +2979,9 @@
     "other": "{n} סכרים"
   },
   "{n} air quality": {
-    "one": "{n} תחנות אוויר נקי",
-    "two": "{n} תחנות אוויר נקי",
-    "other": "{n} תחנות אוויר נקי"
+    "one": "{n} תחנת איכות אוויר",
+    "two": "{n} תחנות איכות אוויר",
+    "other": "{n} תחנות איכות אוויר"
   },
   "{n} results": {
     "one": "{n} תוצאות",
@@ -3013,17 +3013,17 @@
   "{label} error": "{label} שגיאה",
   "{radius} m around the landmark": "{radius} מ׳ סביב ציון הדרך",
   "{count} parts": {
-    "one": "{count} חלקים",
+    "one": "{count} חלק",
     "two": "{count} חלקים",
     "other": "{count} חלקים"
   },
   "{drawn} of {total} parts drawn": {
-    "one": "שורטטו {drawn} מתוך {total} חלקים",
+    "one": "שורטט {drawn} מתוך {total} חלק",
     "two": "שורטטו {drawn} מתוך {total} חלקים",
     "other": "שורטטו {drawn} מתוך {total} חלקים"
   },
   "{count} duplicate mappings merged": {
-    "one": "מוזגו {count} מיפויים כפולים",
+    "one": "מוזג {count} מיפוי כפול",
     "two": "מוזגו {count} מיפויים כפולים",
     "other": "מוזגו {count} מיפויים כפולים"
   },
@@ -3036,7 +3036,7 @@
   "Contacts panel snapshot — the same retained cohort supplies the card, speech, and follow-up memory": "תמונת מצב של פאנל המגעים — אותה קבוצה נשמרת מספקת את הכרטיס, הדיבור והזיכרון להמשך",
   "Fly below {km} km to a covered region": "עוף מטה מתחת ל-{km} ק\"מ אל אזור הזנה",
   "No feed here yet · {n} regions available": {
-    "one": "אין עדיין הזנה כאן · {n} אזורים זמינים",
+    "one": "אין עדיין הזנה כאן · {n} אזור זמין",
     "two": "אין עדיין הזנה כאן · {n} אזורים זמינים",
     "other": "אין עדיין הזנה כאן · {n} אזורים זמינים"
   },
@@ -3106,12 +3106,12 @@
   "Frame satellites": "מסגור הלוויינים",
   "Frame contacts": "מסגור המגעים",
   "{count} aircraft in frame": {
-    "one": "{count} מטוסים במסגרת",
+    "one": "{count} מטוס במסגרת",
     "two": "{count} מטוסים במסגרת",
     "other": "{count} מטוסים במסגרת"
   },
   "{count} military aircraft in frame": {
-    "one": "{count} מטוסים צבאיים במסגרת",
+    "one": "{count} מטוס צבאי במסגרת",
     "two": "{count} מטוסים צבאיים במסגרת",
     "other": "{count} מטוסים צבאיים במסגרת"
   },
@@ -3149,7 +3149,7 @@
   "Registration {registration}": "רישום {registration}",
   "View state": "מצב התצוגה",
   "Marked {count} places": {
-    "one": "סומנו {count} מקומות",
+    "one": "סומן {count} מקום",
     "two": "סומנו {count} מקומות",
     "other": "סומנו {count} מקומות"
   },
@@ -3267,14 +3267,14 @@
   "Monthly traffic allowance used": "הקצבה החודשית לתנועה נוצלה",
   "Traffic rate limit reached": "הגעת למגבלת הקצב של שירות התנועה",
   "Traffic service unavailable": "שירות התנועה אינו זמין",
-  "LOOK STBD {bearing}°": "LOOK STBD {bearing}°",
-  "LOOK PORT {bearing}°": "LOOK PORT {bearing}°",
-  "LOOK ASTERN": "LOOK ASTERN",
+  "LOOK STBD {bearing}°": "מבט ימין {bearing}°",
+  "LOOK PORT {bearing}°": "מבט שמאל {bearing}°",
+  "LOOK ASTERN": "מבט אחורה",
   "UP {angle}°": "מעלה {angle}°",
   "DOWN {angle}°": "מטה {angle}°",
   "{direction} · {elevation}": "{direction} · {elevation}",
   "LOOK {elevation}": "LOOK {elevation}",
-  "{vesselType} · {feedState} · EYE {height}": "{vesselType} · {feedState} · EYE {height}",
+  "{vesselType} · {feedState} · EYE {height}": "{vesselType} · {feedState} · עין {height}",
   "LIVE AIS": "AIS חי",
   "CONTACT NAVIGATION OFF": "ניווט המגעים כבוי",
   "THE BRIDGE STAYS WITH THE SELECTED VESSEL": "הגשר נשאר עם האונייה הנבחרת",
@@ -3290,7 +3290,7 @@
   "{label} · NADIR VIEW": "{label} · תצוגת נדיר",
   "{label} · HEADING {heading}°": "{label} · כיוון {heading}°",
   "{label} · NO HEADING": "{label} · ללא כיוון",
-  "Space Missions unavailable: the mission index could not load. Try again later.": "Space Missions אינן זמינות: טעינת מפתח המשימות נכשלה. נסה שוב מאוחר יותר.",
+  "Space Missions unavailable: the mission index could not load. Try again later.": "משימות החלל אינן זמינות: טעינת מפתח המשימות נכשלה. נסה שוב מאוחר יותר.",
   "Close camera preview": "סגירת תצוגת המצלמה",
   "Refresh map still": "רענון תמונת המפה",
   "The map still uses a separate request and may show a different moment.": "תמונת המפה נשלפת בבקשה נפרדת ועשויה להראות רגע שונה.",
@@ -3328,8 +3328,8 @@
   "NORAD {id}": "NORAD {id}",
   "EPOCH {time}": "EPOCH {time}",
   "<1 H OLD": "פחות משעה",
-  "{value} H OLD": "{value} שעות",
-  "{value} D OLD": "{value} ימים",
+  "{value} H OLD": "{value} שע",
+  "{value} D OLD": "{value} ימ",
   "Orbital view": "תצוגה מסלולית",
   "CURRENTLY OVER": "כעת מעל",
   "ORBITAL VIEW · OFF-NADIR": "תצוגה מסלולית · OFF-NADIR",
@@ -3382,5 +3382,11 @@
   "SATELLITE": "לוויין",
   "Ride {name}": "רכיבה על {name}",
   "FOCUS · {name}": "מוקד · {name}",
-  "Place names": "שמות מקומות"
+  "Place names": "שמות מקומות",
+  "Fly below {km} km to a covered city": "טוס מטה מתחת ל-{km} ק\"מ אל עיר עם הזנה",
+  "No bike share here yet · {n} systems available": {
+    "one": "אין עדיין שיתוף אופניים כאן · {n} מערכת זמינה",
+    "two": "אין עדיין שיתוף אופניים כאן · {n} מערכות זמינות",
+    "other": "אין עדיין שיתוף אופניים כאן · {n} מערכות זמינות"
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
index 3e24182df..34ca8c016 100644
--- a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
+++ b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
@@ -1250,7 +1250,6 @@
     "DEST ---°",
     "SQUAWK {code} · {status}",
     "DEST {bearing}",
-    "Space Missions",
     "CCTV",
     "S2 GhostMaps",
     "Street Level",
@@ -1264,7 +1263,6 @@
     "km",
     "min",
     "dB",
-    "LEVEL",
     "KTS",
     "FT",
     "FLT",
@@ -1281,16 +1279,14 @@
     "STARLINK",
     "STARLINK ···",
     "STARLINK ✕",
-    "LOOK STBD {bearing}°",
-    "LOOK PORT {bearing}°",
-    "LOOK ASTERN",
     "LOOK {elevation}",
-    "{vesselType} · {feedState} · EYE {height}",
     "{range} NM",
     "OFF-NADIR {angle}° · {offset}",
     "NORAD {id}",
     "EPOCH {time}",
     "TLE",
-    "OFF-NADIR {angle}°"
+    "OFF-NADIR {angle}°",
+    "{value} KM/S",
+    "Ironbow"
   ]
 }
diff --git a/src/overlays/worldOverlayTokens.js b/src/overlays/worldOverlayTokens.js
index f00ae5cf4..c03383148 100644
--- a/src/overlays/worldOverlayTokens.js
+++ b/src/overlays/worldOverlayTokens.js
@@ -7,9 +7,10 @@
  */
 
 /** Shared visual tokens used by every world-overlay source. */
-// Map-card fonts: JetBrains Mono has no Arabic glyphs and the generic
-// monospace fallback is a fixed-pitch Arabic face that stretches every word;
-// Arabic text falls through to Noto Sans Arabic (loaded with the page fonts).
+// Map-card fonts: JetBrains Mono has no Arabic or Hebrew glyphs and the
+// generic monospace fallback is a fixed-pitch Arabic face that stretches every
+// word; Arabic falls through to Noto Sans Arabic, Hebrew to Noto Sans Hebrew
+// (both loaded with the page fonts).
 export const WORLD_OVERLAY_STYLE = Object.freeze({
   background: 'rgba(4, 12, 16, 0.82)',
   selectedBackground: 'rgba(5, 18, 24, 0.94)',
@@ -19,13 +20,20 @@ export const WORLD_OVERLAY_STYLE = Object.freeze({
   detail: 'rgba(147, 161, 173, 0.92)',
   leader: 'rgba(147, 213, 228, 0.58)',
   accent: '#6be8ff',
-  fontLabel: '500 10px "JetBrains Mono", "Noto Sans Arabic", monospace',
-  fontTrack: '600 10px "JetBrains Mono", "Noto Sans Arabic", monospace',
-  fontTitle: '600 12px "JetBrains Mono", "Noto Sans Arabic", monospace',
-  fontDetail: '500 10.5px "JetBrains Mono", "Noto Sans Arabic", monospace',
-  fontSelected: '600 13px "JetBrains Mono", "Noto Sans Arabic", monospace',
-  fontTrackedTitle: '600 13px "JetBrains Mono", "Noto Sans Arabic", monospace',
-  fontTrackedDetail: '500 11px "JetBrains Mono", "Noto Sans Arabic", monospace',
+  fontLabel:
+    '500 10px "JetBrains Mono", "Noto Sans Arabic", "Noto Sans Hebrew", monospace',
+  fontTrack:
+    '600 10px "JetBrains Mono", "Noto Sans Arabic", "Noto Sans Hebrew", monospace',
+  fontTitle:
+    '600 12px "JetBrains Mono", "Noto Sans Arabic", "Noto Sans Hebrew", monospace',
+  fontDetail:
+    '500 10.5px "JetBrains Mono", "Noto Sans Arabic", "Noto Sans Hebrew", monospace',
+  fontSelected:
+    '600 13px "JetBrains Mono", "Noto Sans Arabic", "Noto Sans Hebrew", monospace',
+  fontTrackedTitle:
+    '600 13px "JetBrains Mono", "Noto Sans Arabic", "Noto Sans Hebrew", monospace',
+  fontTrackedDetail:
+    '500 11px "JetBrains Mono", "Noto Sans Arabic", "Noto Sans Hebrew", monospace',
   radius: 4,
   anchorDotRadius: 3.2,
   anchorDotStrokeWidth: 1,
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/rtl.css b/src/ui/styles/rtl.css
index 8e7288b3e..2106b1bca 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/rtl.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/rtl.css
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-/* Right-to-left languages (Arabic). The chrome mirrors through logical
-   properties in the component sheets (inset-inline-*, margin-inline-*); this
-   sheet holds only what logical properties cannot express. */
+/* Right-to-left languages (Arabic, Hebrew). The chrome mirrors through
+   logical properties in the component sheets (inset-inline-*,
+   margin-inline-*); this sheet holds only what logical properties cannot
+   express. */
 
 /* Arabic letters join: letter-spacing tears every word into separate glyphs.
    Latin marked translate="no" and the intel HUD's Latin telemetry keep their
@@ -63,10 +64,9 @@ html:lang(ar) :is(#intel-hud, #cockpit-hud) {
 /* Hebrew: JetBrains Mono and Inter also lack Hebrew glyphs. Noto Sans Hebrew
    (loaded with the other Google fonts; its files download only when the page
    shows Hebrew) leads the stack so the body text keeps one proportional
-   Hebrew face across platforms. Hebrew letters do not join like Arabic, but
-   tracking still reads as gaps inside a word, so the body is released from it
-   the same way; Latin marked translate="no" keeps its tracking. The intel and
-   cockpit HUDs keep JetBrains Mono for their Latin telemetry. */
+   Hebrew face across platforms. Hebrew letters do not join, so tracking on
+   them only spaces a word out; the body is released the same way, and the
+   HUDs keep their instrument tracking inside. */
 html:lang(he) {
   --font-mono:
     'Noto Sans Hebrew', 'JetBrains Mono', 'SF Mono', 'Fira Code', Tahoma,
@@ -75,7 +75,10 @@ html:lang(he) {
     'Inter', 'Noto Sans Hebrew', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Tahoma,
     sans-serif;
 }
-html:lang(he)
+/* The Global Context lines and their buttons set ui-monospace through the
+   `font` shorthand; in both RTL languages the words come from the page's
+   own font stack. */
+html:is(:lang(ar), :lang(he))
   :is(
     #military-awareness-panel,
     .military-awareness-controls button,
@@ -87,6 +90,13 @@ html:lang(he)
   ) {
   font-family: var(--font-mono);
 }
+/* The intel and cockpit HUDs keep JetBrains Mono leading for their Latin
+   telemetry and column-aligned digits, with the language's face behind it. */
+html:lang(ar) :is(#intel-hud, #cockpit-hud) {
+  --font-mono:
+    'JetBrains Mono', 'SF Mono', 'Fira Code', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Geeza Pro',
+    Tahoma, monospace;
+}
 html:lang(he) :is(#intel-hud, #cockpit-hud) {
   --font-mono:
     'JetBrains Mono', 'SF Mono', 'Fira Code', 'Noto Sans Hebrew', Tahoma,

From 04b8c856ad8d155cc1f60bfbf61f23ebd6fe22fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 01:25:43 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 089/181] Keep vehicles off rooftops and bridge decks: probe
 the mesh where the vehicle is

On the photoreal stack the rendered-mesh floor took one probe at each coarse
cell's centre (0.001 degrees) and kept it for the session. A centre on a roof
passed the +80 m DEM window and lifted every vehicle in the cell to roof height
(a Haymarket bus drew 23.5 m above the street, on the garage roof); a centre in
the river put Red Line trains on the Longfellow Bridge 6-9 m under the deck.

The sampler now probes at the caller's point. A cell with a reading is probed
again only at spots about 17 m apart from earlier ones, eight at most, and a
spot refused only because the cell's DEM prior was cold is tried again later.
The floor keeps each reading that passes the gate at the point it was taken
(two within about 5 m keep the lower; sixteen at most per cell) and answers a
read from the reading nearest the asked point, so a viaduct and the street
beside it in one cell keep their own heights.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                   |  23 ++-
 src/data/groundFloor.js                 |   1 +
 src/data/meshFloorSampler.test.mjs      | 179 +++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/layers/cctv/geometry.js             |   2 +-
 src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js  |   4 +-
 src/layers/military/snapshotRenderer.js |   4 +-
 src/services/groundFloor.js             |  81 +++++++++--
 src/services/groundSnap.js              |   2 +-
 src/services/meshFloorSampler.js        |  61 ++++++--
 9 files changed, 329 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 05240d922..5e7c36be2 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -1347,6 +1347,27 @@ and snapshot source. The standalone adapter keeps the existing USGS daily feed,
 M2.5+ filtering, static discs, magnitude labels and analyst records. Disabling or
 destroying the layer cancels pending work and ignores late results.
 
+## Rendered-mesh floor readings — November 9, 2026
+
+On the photoreal stack the shared floor (`cachedGroundFloor`) answers from
+rendered-mesh readings per coarse cell (0.001°, about 110 × 80 m), sampled by
+`src/services/meshFloorSampler.js` and gated against the DEM by
+`reportValidatedMeshFloorCell` in `src/services/groundFloor.js`. The probe goes
+where the caller's point is (a vehicle or contact), not to the cell's centre;
+the sampler reads a cell at up to eight spots about 12–17 m or more apart, and
+each reading that passes the gate is kept at its point (ground snaps add theirs
+the same way; a cell keeps at most sixteen). A read answers from the cell's
+reading nearest the asked point, so a viaduct and the street beside it in one
+cell keep their own heights; two readings within about 5 m of each other keep
+the lower. A spot refused only because the cell's DEM prior was cold is tried
+again later. Before this, one probe at the cell's centre latched for the
+session, so a centre on a roof lifted everything in the cell (a Haymarket bus
+drew 23.5 m above the street, on the garage roof) and a centre in the river put
+Red Line trains on the Longfellow Bridge 6–9 m under the deck. Residual: the
+probe is vertical, so a vehicle directly under a deck or a roof overhang reads
+the structure above it, and a vehicle between readings takes the nearest one, so
+its floor steps where the nearest reading changes.
+
 ## Vessel components and sources
 
 `src/data/aisLiveVessels.js` assembles `createVesselLayer` from the
@@ -3148,7 +3169,7 @@ This is the current runtime/source-of-truth snapshot for the project.
 >   `HELD_SNAP_CONTRADICTION_M` (5 m) ABOVE the held value drops the hold and the
 >   contact is COLD again, back to the floored 2D billboard. The rule is
 >   ONE-SIDED on purpose — it targets BURIAL. A cell reading BELOW a real sample
->   is the floor chain's expected under-read (one-shot latch over ~111 m,
+>   is the floor chain's expected under-read (a few point readings over ~111 m,
 >   neighbours lean lowest, `displayFloorHeightM` only ever raises), not evidence
 >   of anything, and a two-sided cut was disproved on the track rig by a planted
 >   cell 66.7 m below a real sample at the same spot. Accepted residual, stated
diff --git a/src/data/groundFloor.js b/src/data/groundFloor.js
index fed7a6cd6..978f30218 100644
--- a/src/data/groundFloor.js
+++ b/src/data/groundFloor.js
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ export const {
   reportMeshFloorCell,
   meshFloorSampleWithinPrior,
   reportValidatedMeshFloorCell,
+  meshFloorPriorReady,
   cachedMeshFloor,
   _clearMeshFloorCellsForTest,
   cachedGroundFloor,
diff --git a/src/data/meshFloorSampler.test.mjs b/src/data/meshFloorSampler.test.mjs
index f651d72f8..d33c4873d 100644
--- a/src/data/meshFloorSampler.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/meshFloorSampler.test.mjs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import { sampleMeshFloorCells } from './meshFloorSampler.js';
 import { resolveEllipsoidalGround } from './terrainHeights.js';
 import {
   cachedGroundFloor, cachedMeshFloor, setMeshFloorPreferred,
-  _clearMeshFloorCellsForTest,
+  _clearMeshFloorCellsForTest, reportValidatedMeshFloorCell,
 } from './groundFloor.js';
 
 /** Distinct site per test — terrainHeights' cache is module-global and warm
@@ -137,3 +137,180 @@ test('sampler: a cell just across the antimeridian is still near the viewer', ()
   sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, [{ lat: -16.81, lon: 179.999 }], { viewerLat: -16.81, viewerLon: -179.999 });
   assert.equal(calls, 2, 'about 200 m apart, so both cells are probed');
 });
+
+test('sampler: the probe goes where the point is, not to the cell centre', async () => {
+  reset();
+  const cell = nextSite();
+  await seedDem(cell, 120.0);
+  const asked = [];
+  const scene = fakeScene((carto) => {
+    asked.push(Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.longitude));
+    return 122.0;
+  });
+  const point = { lat: cell.lat + 0.0003, lon: cell.lon + 0.0004 };
+  sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, [point], { viewerLat: cell.lat, viewerLon: cell.lon });
+  assert.equal(asked.length, 1);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(asked[0] - point.lon) < 1e-9, `probed at ${asked[0]}, not ${point.lon}`);
+});
+
+test('sampler: a viaduct and the street beside it in one cell keep their own heights', async () => {
+  reset();
+  const cell = nextSite();
+  await seedDem(cell, 120.0);
+  // A viaduct deck 9 m up along one line of the cell, the street elsewhere.
+  const deckLat = cell.lat + 0.0003;
+  let calls = 0;
+  const scene = fakeScene((carto) => {
+    calls += 1;
+    return Math.abs(Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.latitude) - deckLat) < 1e-7 ? 129.0 : 121.0;
+  });
+  const opts = { viewerLat: cell.lat, viewerLon: cell.lon };
+  const onDeck = { lat: deckLat, lon: cell.lon };
+  const street = { lat: cell.lat - 0.0003, lon: cell.lon };
+  sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, [onDeck], opts);
+  sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, [street], opts);
+  assert.equal(calls, 2);
+  assert.equal(cachedMeshFloor(onDeck.lat, onDeck.lon + 0.0001), 129.0, 'the train stays on the deck');
+  assert.equal(cachedMeshFloor(street.lat, street.lon - 0.0001), 121.0, 'the bus stays on the street');
+  assert.equal(cachedGroundFloor(street.lat, street.lon), 121.0);
+  sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, [{ lat: deckLat, lon: cell.lon + 0.00001 }], opts);
+  assert.equal(calls, 2, 'a point next to one already probed is not probed again');
+});
+
+test('sampler: a roof over the cell centre does not lift a bus on the street', async () => {
+  reset();
+  const cell = nextSite();
+  await seedDem(cell, 120.0);
+  // A roof 22 m up covering the cell's centre; the street 30 m west of it.
+  const scene = fakeScene((carto) =>
+    Math.abs(Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.longitude) - cell.lon) < 0.0001 ? 142.0 : 121.0);
+  const bus = { lat: cell.lat, lon: cell.lon - 0.0003 };
+  sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, [bus], { viewerLat: cell.lat, viewerLon: cell.lon });
+  assert.equal(cachedGroundFloor(bus.lat, bus.lon), 121.0);
+});
+
+test('sampler: a second reading at the same spot keeps the lower one', async () => {
+  reset();
+  const cell = nextSite();
+  await seedDem(cell, 120.0);
+  assert.equal(reportValidatedMeshFloorCell(cell.lat, cell.lon, 131.0), true);
+  assert.equal(reportValidatedMeshFloorCell(cell.lat + 0.00002, cell.lon, 122.0), true);
+  assert.equal(cachedMeshFloor(cell.lat, cell.lon), 122.0);
+  assert.equal(reportValidatedMeshFloorCell(cell.lat, cell.lon + 0.00002, 140.0), true);
+  assert.equal(cachedMeshFloor(cell.lat, cell.lon), 122.0, 'a higher one never raises it');
+});
+
+test('sampler: a cell with a reading is probed a few times at most', async () => {
+  reset();
+  const cell = nextSite();
+  await seedDem(cell, 120.0);
+  let calls = 0;
+  const scene = fakeScene(() => {
+    calls += 1;
+    return 121.0;
+  });
+  const opts = { viewerLat: cell.lat, viewerLon: cell.lon };
+  for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++)
+    sampleMeshFloorCells(
+      scene,
+      [{ lat: cell.lat - 0.0004 + (i % 5) * 0.0002, lon: cell.lon - 0.00045 + Math.floor(i / 5) * 0.0003 }],
+      opts,
+    );
+  assert.equal(calls, 8);
+});
+
+test('sampler: a cell with no accepted reading is probed again on every call', async () => {
+  reset();
+  const cell = nextSite();
+  let calls = 0;
+  const scene = fakeScene(() => {
+    calls += 1;
+    return 138.0;
+  });
+  const opts = { viewerLat: cell.lat, viewerLon: cell.lon };
+  for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, [cell], opts);
+  assert.equal(calls, 3, 'no DEM prior yet, so nothing is kept and the cell is retried');
+  await seedDem(cell, 120.0);
+  sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, [cell], opts);
+  assert.equal(cachedMeshFloor(cell.lat, cell.lon), 138.0, 'and lands once the prior is warm');
+});
+
+test('sampler: a spot whose reading is refused does not use up the cell', async () => {
+  reset();
+  const cell = nextSite();
+  await seedDem(cell, 120.0);
+  // A tower 260 m up where the first vehicle waits; the street elsewhere and
+  // a deck 9 m up along one line of the cell.
+  const towerLon = cell.lon + 0.0004;
+  const deckLat = cell.lat + 0.0003;
+  const scene = fakeScene((carto) => {
+    if (Math.abs(Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.longitude) - towerLon) < 1e-7) return 380.0;
+    return Math.abs(Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.latitude) - deckLat) < 1e-7 ? 129.0 : 121.0;
+  });
+  const opts = { viewerLat: cell.lat, viewerLon: cell.lon };
+  for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, [{ lat: cell.lat, lon: towerLon }], opts);
+  assert.equal(cachedMeshFloor(cell.lat, cell.lon), null, 'the tower is refused every time');
+  sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, [{ lat: cell.lat - 0.0003, lon: cell.lon }], opts);
+  sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, [{ lat: deckLat, lon: cell.lon - 0.0003 }], opts);
+  assert.equal(cachedMeshFloor(deckLat, cell.lon - 0.0003), 129.0, 'the deck is still probed');
+});
+
+test('ground floor: a cell keeps at most sixteen readings', async () => {
+  reset();
+  const cell = nextSite();
+  await seedDem(cell, 120.0);
+  for (let i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
+    const lat = cell.lat - 0.00045 + (i % 8) * 0.0001;
+    const lon = cell.lon - 0.00045 + Math.floor(i / 8) * 0.0002;
+    reportValidatedMeshFloorCell(lat, lon, 121.0 + i);
+  }
+  // Readings 0..15 are kept; reading 39 (at the far corner) is not, so that
+  // spot answers from the nearest kept one.
+  assert.equal(cachedMeshFloor(cell.lat - 0.00045, cell.lon - 0.00045), 121.0);
+  assert.equal(cachedMeshFloor(cell.lat + 0.00025, cell.lon + 0.00035), 121.0 + 15);
+});
+
+test('sampler: a spot refused while the DEM was cold is probed again once it is warm', async () => {
+  reset();
+  const cell = nextSite();
+  const deckLat = cell.lat + 0.0003;
+  let calls = 0;
+  const scene = fakeScene((carto) => {
+    calls += 1;
+    return Math.abs(Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.latitude) - deckLat) < 1e-7 ? 129.0 : 121.0;
+  });
+  const opts = { viewerLat: cell.lat, viewerLon: cell.lon };
+  const onDeck = { lat: deckLat, lon: cell.lon };
+  sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, [onDeck], opts);
+  assert.equal(cachedMeshFloor(onDeck.lat, onDeck.lon), null, 'no prior, nothing kept');
+  await seedDem(cell, 120.0);
+  sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, [{ lat: cell.lat - 0.0003, lon: cell.lon }], opts);
+  sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, [onDeck], opts);
+  assert.equal(calls, 3);
+  assert.equal(cachedMeshFloor(onDeck.lat, onDeck.lon), 129.0);
+});
+
+test('sampler: a spot refused while the DEM prior was evicted is probed again', async () => {
+  const { createGroundFloor } = await import('../services/groundFloor.js');
+  const { createMeshFloorSampler } = await import('../services/meshFloorSampler.js');
+  let prior = 120.0;
+  const terrain = {
+    cachedRealEllipsoidalGround: () => prior,
+    resolveEllipsoidalGround: async () => {},
+  };
+  const groundFloor = createGroundFloor({ terrain });
+  const sampler = createMeshFloorSampler({ groundFloor });
+  const cell = { lat: 41.5, lon: -97.66 };
+  const deckLat = cell.lat + 0.0003;
+  const scene = fakeScene((carto) =>
+    Math.abs(Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.latitude) - deckLat) < 1e-7 ? 129.0 : 121.0);
+  const opts = { viewerLat: cell.lat, viewerLon: cell.lon };
+  const onDeck = { lat: deckLat, lon: cell.lon };
+  sampler.sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, [{ lat: cell.lat - 0.0003, lon: cell.lon }], opts);
+  prior = null; // the cell's DEM entry is evicted; the street reading stays
+  sampler.sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, [onDeck], opts);
+  assert.equal(groundFloor.cachedMeshFloor(onDeck.lat, onDeck.lon), 121.0);
+  prior = 120.0;
+  sampler.sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, [onDeck], opts);
+  assert.equal(groundFloor.cachedMeshFloor(onDeck.lat, onDeck.lon), 129.0);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/cctv/geometry.js b/src/layers/cctv/geometry.js
index 362ad4789..a1402c6c2 100644
--- a/src/layers/cctv/geometry.js
+++ b/src/layers/cctv/geometry.js
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ export function createGeometry({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
     }
 
     // Photoreal regime. Sampling is delegated to the shared coarse-cell
-    // sampler. It remains event-driven, one-shot per cell, and keeps its
+    // sampler. It remains event-driven, a few probes per cell, and keeps its
     // existing acceptance window; CCTV adds no rooftop rejection policy.
     if (sampleGround && parts.model.projectionTilesReady()) {
       record.groundMeshSampleRequestCount =
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js b/src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js
index ec6c2933b..d48d12774 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js
@@ -300,8 +300,8 @@ export function createFlightSnapshotRenderer({
     // floor cells collected in the loop (fire-and-forget, single-flight;
     // read synchronously by NEXT poll's clamp — the military-layer pattern).
     warmGroundFloor(floorWarmPoints);
-    // Round 4: sample the RENDERED mesh for those same cells (one-shot per
-    // cell, budget-capped, viewer-proximate, google-3d regime only). Own
+    // Round 4: sample the RENDERED mesh for those same cells (a few probes
+    // per cell, budget-capped, viewer-proximate, google-3d regime only). Own
     // billboards/models are excluded so a vertical probe can't land on an
     // aircraft instead of the pavement.
     sampleMeshFloorCells(flightState._viewer?.scene, floorWarmPoints, {
diff --git a/src/layers/military/snapshotRenderer.js b/src/layers/military/snapshotRenderer.js
index 7ed2b1c1f..eb3a341f8 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/snapshotRenderer.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/snapshotRenderer.js
@@ -228,8 +228,8 @@ export function createMilitarySnapshotRenderer({
       const bbStale = flightState._billboards.get(icao24);
       if (bbStale) bbStale.position = liftedPos;
     }
-    // Round 4: sample the RENDERED mesh for those cells (one-shot per cell,
-    // budget-capped, viewer-proximate, google-3d regime only), excluding
+    // Round 4: sample the RENDERED mesh for those cells (a few probes per
+    // cell, budget-capped, viewer-proximate, google-3d regime only), excluding
     // this layer's own billboards/models from the probe.
     {
       const viewerCarto =
diff --git a/src/services/groundFloor.js b/src/services/groundFloor.js
index 27b7dc5e4..3b4939fc5 100644
--- a/src/services/groundFloor.js
+++ b/src/services/groundFloor.js
@@ -418,13 +418,26 @@ export function createGroundFloor({ terrain, signal }) {
   // is the photogrammetric MESH, which sits above it (measured ~17 m at the
   // Austin airport apron). DEM-flooring therefore still buried sprites/trails
   // inside the mesh. These cells hold the RENDERED surface height, sampled
-  // one-shot per coarse cell near the viewer (scene.sampleHeight — the same
+  // at the callers' points, a few per coarse cell near the viewer, each kept
+  // where it was taken and read back from the nearest (scene.sampleHeight — the same
   // source groundSnap uses, which is why 3D models always looked right) and
   // reported here by meshFloorSampler.js. Design principle (owner): NEVER
   // below the visible surface; slightly above is always fine. The DEM stays
   // the instant global prior/fallback and the sanity gate for samples.
-  /** @type {Map<string, number>} coarse cell key -> rendered-surface height (m, ellipsoidal). */
+  /** @type {Map<string, Array<{lat: number, lon: number, h: number}>>}
+   *  coarse cell key -> rendered-surface readings (m, ellipsoidal), each kept
+   *  at the point it was probed. A read answers from the reading nearest the
+   *  asked point, so a viaduct and the street beside it in one cell keep their
+   *  own heights. */
   const _meshCells = new Map();
+  /** @constant {number} Readings closer than this (degrees, about 5 m) are
+   *  one spot: the lower one is kept there. */
+  const MESH_READING_SAME_SPOT_DEG = 0.00005;
+  /** @constant {number} Readings kept per cell. The sampler probes a cell at
+   *  most eight times, but ground snaps report at each aircraft's position;
+   *  past this many, a reading away from the others is not kept, so a busy
+   *  apron cell stays a short list to scan. */
+  const MESH_READINGS_PER_CELL = 16;
   /** @type {boolean} Whether mesh cells apply — true only in the google-3d
    *  regime (photoreal stack). On globe stacks the rendered surface IS the
    *  terrain provider (Re:Earth on keyless), so the DEM is already correct
@@ -444,7 +457,8 @@ export function createGroundFloor({ terrain, signal }) {
 
   /**
    * Records a sampled rendered-surface height for the cell containing the
-   * coordinate (one-shot latch — first accepted sample wins).
+   * coordinate, unchecked, when the cell has no reading yet. The sampler goes
+   * through `reportValidatedMeshFloorCell`, which keeps a reading per point.
    * @param {number} lat @param {number} lon @param {number} heightM
    */
   function reportMeshFloorCell(lat, lon, heightM) {
@@ -456,7 +470,7 @@ export function createGroundFloor({ terrain, signal }) {
       return;
     const c = coarseFloorCoord(lat, lon);
     const key = `${c.lat},${c.lon}`;
-    if (!_meshCells.has(key)) _meshCells.set(key, heightM);
+    if (!_meshCells.has(key)) _meshCells.set(key, [{ lat, lon, h: heightM }]);
   }
 
   /** Return whether a rendered-mesh sample is plausible against a real DEM prior. */
@@ -471,9 +485,11 @@ export function createGroundFloor({ terrain, signal }) {
 
   /**
    * Validate and record a rendered-mesh floor through the single shared gate.
-   * Callers must not bypass this with raw `reportMeshFloorCell`: a coarse-LOD,
-   * rooftop, or aircraft hit would otherwise win the session-long first-write
-   * latch and poison every floor consumer in the cell.
+   * Callers must not bypass this with raw `reportMeshFloorCell`: a coarse-LOD
+   * or aircraft hit would otherwise poison every floor consumer in the cell.
+   * The reading is kept at the point it was taken; a second reading at the
+   * same spot (within about 5 m) keeps the lower of the two. A cell keeps at
+   * most MESH_READINGS_PER_CELL readings.
    * @returns {boolean} Whether the sample passed and was reported.
    */
   function reportValidatedMeshFloorCell(lat, lon, heightM) {
@@ -481,13 +497,41 @@ export function createGroundFloor({ terrain, signal }) {
     const cell = coarseFloorCoord(lat, lon);
     const prior = cachedRealEllipsoidalGround(cell.lat, cell.lon);
     if (!meshFloorSampleWithinPrior(heightM, prior)) return false;
-    reportMeshFloorCell(cell.lat, cell.lon, heightM);
+    const key = `${cell.lat},${cell.lon}`;
+    const readings = _meshCells.get(key);
+    if (!readings) {
+      _meshCells.set(key, [{ lat, lon, h: heightM }]);
+      return true;
+    }
+    const same = readings.find(
+      (r) =>
+        Math.abs(r.lat - lat) < MESH_READING_SAME_SPOT_DEG &&
+        Math.abs(r.lon - lon) < MESH_READING_SAME_SPOT_DEG,
+    );
+    if (same) {
+      if (heightM < same.h) same.h = heightM;
+    } else if (readings.length < MESH_READINGS_PER_CELL) {
+      readings.push({ lat, lon, h: heightM });
+    }
     return true;
   }
 
   /**
-   * Synchronous mesh-cell read — null when the cell is unsampled OR the
-   * google-3d regime is inactive (globe stacks must floor on the DEM).
+   * Whether the cell holding the point has the real DEM prior that
+   * `reportValidatedMeshFloorCell` judges a reading against.
+   * @param {number} lat @param {number} lon
+   * @returns {boolean}
+   */
+  function meshFloorPriorReady(lat, lon) {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(lat) || !Number.isFinite(lon)) return false;
+    const c = coarseFloorCoord(lat, lon);
+    return cachedRealEllipsoidalGround(c.lat, c.lon) != null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Synchronous mesh-cell read — the cell's reading nearest the point, or
+   * null when the cell is unsampled OR the google-3d regime is inactive (globe
+   * stacks must floor on the DEM).
    * @param {number} lat @param {number} lon
    * @returns {number|null}
    */
@@ -495,8 +539,20 @@ export function createGroundFloor({ terrain, signal }) {
     if (!_meshPreferred) return null;
     if (!Number.isFinite(lat) || !Number.isFinite(lon)) return null;
     const c = coarseFloorCoord(lat, lon);
-    const h = _meshCells.get(`${c.lat},${c.lon}`);
-    return h != null ? h : null;
+    const readings = _meshCells.get(`${c.lat},${c.lon}`);
+    if (!readings) return null;
+    if (readings.length === 1) return readings[0].h;
+    const k = Math.cos((lat * Math.PI) / 180) ** 2;
+    let best = readings[0],
+      bestD = Infinity;
+    for (const r of readings) {
+      const d = (r.lat - lat) ** 2 + k * (r.lon - lon) ** 2;
+      if (d < bestD) {
+        bestD = d;
+        best = r;
+      }
+    }
+    return best.h;
   }
 
   /** Test hook: clears mesh cells (never called at runtime — cells are valid all session). */
@@ -662,6 +718,7 @@ export function createGroundFloor({ terrain, signal }) {
     reportMeshFloorCell,
     meshFloorSampleWithinPrior,
     reportValidatedMeshFloorCell,
+    meshFloorPriorReady,
     cachedMeshFloor,
     _clearMeshFloorCellsForTest,
     cachedGroundFloor,
diff --git a/src/services/groundSnap.js b/src/services/groundSnap.js
index eecb1fa34..b1d75cfbb 100644
--- a/src/services/groundSnap.js
+++ b/src/services/groundSnap.js
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ const HELD_SNAP_MAX_DRIFT_M = 250;
  *  alone, and the asymmetry is not tidiness:
  *
  *   - A cell reading LOW against a real sample is the EXPECTED error here, not a
- *     contradiction. Cells are a one-shot first-write latch over ~111 m, the
+ *     contradiction. Cells hold a few point readings over ~111 m, the
  *     borrowed-neighbour path leans to the LOWEST on purpose (`neighborFloorM`),
  *     and `displayFloorHeightM` only ever RAISES — the whole floor chain is
  *     built to under-read rather than to invent. Releasing on that sign would
diff --git a/src/services/meshFloorSampler.js b/src/services/meshFloorSampler.js
index c967f80c8..083789ea9 100644
--- a/src/services/meshFloorSampler.js
+++ b/src/services/meshFloorSampler.js
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ export function createMeshFloorSampler({
     coarseFloorCoord,
     cachedMeshFloor,
     reportValidatedMeshFloorCell,
+    meshFloorPriorReady,
     setMeshFloorPreferred,
     meshFloorPreferred,
     cachedGroundFloor,
@@ -23,13 +24,16 @@ export function createMeshFloorSampler({
   // which sits above the Re:Earth bare-earth DEM (measured ~17 m at the Austin
   // airport apron) — so DEM-floored sprites/trails still buried themselves in
   // the mesh while 3D models (which groundSnap against the mesh) looked right.
-  // This module samples the mesh height ONE-SHOT per coarse cell and reports it
-  // to groundFloor.js, whose cachedGroundFloor() then answers mesh-first.
+  // This module samples the mesh height at the callers' points, a few probes
+  // per coarse cell, and reports them to groundFloor.js, which keeps each
+  // reading that passes its gate at its own point; cachedGroundFloor() then
+  // answers mesh-first, from the reading nearest the asked point.
   //
   // Rationing (the CCTV loading-jitter lesson): scene.sampleHeight forces
   // tile-load prioritization at the probe point, so sampling is (a) gated to
   // cells NEAR the viewer — where tiles are streamed and where an error is
-  // visible at all, (b) capped per call, (c) one-shot per cell for the session,
+  // visible at all, (b) capped per call, (c) at most MAX_PROBES_PER_CELL
+  // readings per cell for the session, each at a point apart from the others,
   // (d) skipped entirely outside the google-3d regime. A returned-undefined
   // probe (tiles not streamed yet) is NOT latched — it retries on a later call.
   //
@@ -49,6 +53,16 @@ export function createMeshFloorSampler({
    *  streamed LOD under a high camera is coarse everywhere, so every probe
    *  would latch junk. */
   const MAX_CAMERA_HEIGHT_M = 25_000;
+  /** @constant {number} Readings per cell: a cell is probed at most this
+   *  many times, each at a point apart from the others, and groundFloor keeps
+   *  each reading at its point (a read answers from the nearest one). */
+  const MAX_PROBES_PER_CELL = 8;
+  /** @constant {number} How far apart (degrees, about 17 m) a new probe must
+   *  be from the cell's earlier ones to be worth taking. */
+  const PROBE_APART_DEG = 0.00015;
+  /** @type {Map<string, Array<{lat: number, lon: number}>>} Points probed
+   *  per cell that returned a reading. */
+  const _probedPoints = new Map();
   /** @type {Cesium.Cartographic} Scratch for probe coordinates. */
   const _scratchProbe = new Cesium.Cartographic();
 
@@ -82,7 +96,7 @@ export function createMeshFloorSampler({
 
   /**
    * Samples the rendered mesh height for the coarse cells containing `points`,
-   * one-shot per cell, budget-capped, viewer-proximity-gated. Call ONCE per
+   * a few probes per cell, budget-capped, viewer-proximity-gated. Call ONCE per
    * layer poll (never per contact, never per frame). Synchronous — Cesium's
    * sampleHeight is a CPU-side query against loaded tiles.
    *
@@ -119,8 +133,21 @@ export function createMeshFloorSampler({
       const cell = coarseFloorCoord(p.lat, p.lon);
       const key = `${cell.lat},${cell.lon}`;
       if (attempted.has(key)) continue;
+      // A cell with a reading is probed again only at a point well apart
+      // from the ones already probed, a few times at most, so the cell's
+      // readings follow where its vehicles actually are.
+      const probes = _probedPoints.get(key);
+      if (
+        cachedMeshFloor(cell.lat, cell.lon) != null &&
+        (probes?.length >= MAX_PROBES_PER_CELL ||
+          probes?.some(
+            (q) =>
+              Math.abs(q.lat - p.lat) < PROBE_APART_DEG &&
+              Math.abs(q.lon - p.lon) < PROBE_APART_DEG,
+          ))
+      )
+        continue;
       attempted.add(key);
-      if (cachedMeshFloor(cell.lat, cell.lon) != null) continue; // one-shot latch
       if (
         Number.isFinite(viewerLat) &&
         Number.isFinite(viewerLon) &&
@@ -131,9 +158,11 @@ export function createMeshFloorSampler({
       }
       let height;
       try {
+        // Probe where the caller's point is, not at the cell's centre: a
+        // centre that falls on a roof would lift everything in the cell.
         const carto = Cesium.Cartographic.fromDegrees(
-          cell.lon,
-          cell.lat,
+          p.lon,
+          p.lat,
           0,
           _scratchProbe,
         );
@@ -171,7 +200,23 @@ export function createMeshFloorSampler({
       // feasible and deliberately deferred — see the P2 in
       // the project roadmap, which bundles it with the fly_route probe so
       // one post-launch pass settles rendered-mesh sampling everywhere.
-      reportValidatedMeshFloorCell(cell.lat, cell.lon, height);
+      const accepted = reportValidatedMeshFloorCell(p.lat, p.lon, height);
+      // A spot counts as probed once the gate has judged it against a real
+      // prior: accepted, or refused with the cell's DEM warm. A spot refused
+      // only because the DEM was still cold is tried again later. Each spot is
+      // recorded once, so a cell retried while it has no reading does not fill
+      // its probe allowance with the same spot.
+      if (!accepted && !meshFloorPriorReady(cell.lat, cell.lon)) continue;
+      if (!probes) _probedPoints.set(key, [{ lat: p.lat, lon: p.lon }]);
+      else if (
+        probes.length < MAX_PROBES_PER_CELL &&
+        !probes.some(
+          (q) =>
+            Math.abs(q.lat - p.lat) < PROBE_APART_DEG &&
+            Math.abs(q.lon - p.lon) < PROBE_APART_DEG,
+        )
+      )
+        probes.push({ lat: p.lat, lon: p.lon });
     }
   }
 

From 9bce41d3c6a83125ac496ad3b6abeea6ca200f3b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 01:26:01 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 090/181] Read the mesh floor where transit vehicles and
 grounded flights actually are

With readings kept per point, the floor a vehicle gets depends on which point
is probed and where it is read. Transit offered the sampler the first point of
each vehicle's path in a cell, usually its oldest fix there, so a vehicle that
stayed in one cell never had its current spot probed. It now offers the latest
point of the path in each cell, and the newest fix in the vehicle's own cell
(the selected vehicle's history is walked newest first).

The grounded-flight display clamp read the floor at its sticky cell's centre,
which now answers from the reading nearest the centre, not the contact. It
reads at the contact's own position, held inside the sticky cell so boundary
hysteresis still applies.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                 |  17 ++--
 src/data/flights.test.mjs             |  35 +++++++++
 src/layers/flights/motion.js          |  29 +++++--
 src/layers/transit/height.js          |  16 +++-
 src/layers/transit/lifecycle.test.mjs | 108 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 192 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 5e7c36be2..0739cf5e1 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -1360,13 +1360,16 @@ the same way; a cell keeps at most sixteen). A read answers from the cell's
 reading nearest the asked point, so a viaduct and the street beside it in one
 cell keep their own heights; two readings within about 5 m of each other keep
 the lower. A spot refused only because the cell's DEM prior was cold is tried
-again later. Before this, one probe at the cell's centre latched for the
-session, so a centre on a roof lifted everything in the cell (a Haymarket bus
-drew 23.5 m above the street, on the garage roof) and a centre in the river put
-Red Line trains on the Longfellow Bridge 6–9 m under the deck. Residual: the
-probe is vertical, so a vehicle directly under a deck or a roof overhang reads
-the structure above it, and a vehicle between readings takes the nearest one, so
-its floor steps where the nearest reading changes.
+again later. Transit offers the sampler the latest point of each vehicle's path
+in a cell (its newest fix in its own cell), and the grounded-flight display
+clamp reads at the contact, held inside its sticky cell. Before this, one probe
+at the cell's centre latched for the session, so a centre on a roof lifted
+everything in the cell (a Haymarket bus drew 23.5 m above the street, on the
+garage roof) and a centre in the river put Red Line trains on the Longfellow
+Bridge 6–9 m under the deck. Residual: the probe is vertical, so a vehicle
+directly under a deck or a roof overhang reads the structure above it, and a
+vehicle between readings takes the nearest one, so its floor steps where the
+nearest reading changes.
 
 ## Vessel components and sources
 
diff --git a/src/data/flights.test.mjs b/src/data/flights.test.mjs
index 7fe197c30..1d6007e8f 100644
--- a/src/data/flights.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/flights.test.mjs
@@ -20,9 +20,11 @@ import { setMilitaryLayerActive } from './militaryRegistry.js';
 import {
   GROUND_FLOOR_LIFT_M,
   reportMeshFloorCell,
+  reportValidatedMeshFloorCell,
   setMeshFloorPreferred,
   _clearMeshFloorCellsForTest,
 } from './groundFloor.js';
+import { resolveEllipsoidalGround } from './terrainHeights.js';
 import {
   _setTrackedOverlayHostForTest,
   destroyTrackedReadout,
@@ -1181,6 +1183,39 @@ test('display floor: a grounded contact that drifted onto a higher cell is lifte
   assert.ok(Math.abs(Cesium.Math.toDegrees(c.longitude) + 97.6604) < 1e-6);
 });
 
+test('display floor: reads the reading nearest the contact, not the cell centre', async () => {
+  _clearDisplayFloorStateForTest();
+  _clearMeshFloorCellsForTest();
+  setMeshFloorPreferred(true);
+  const realFetch = globalThis.fetch;
+  globalThis.fetch = async () =>
+    new Response(JSON.stringify({ results: [{ ellipsoid: 120 }] }), {
+      status: 200,
+      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+    });
+  try {
+    await resolveEllipsoidalGround([{ lat: 30.317, lon: -97.717 }]);
+  } finally {
+    globalThis.fetch = realFetch;
+  }
+  // A hangar roof over the cell's centre; the apron where the contact is.
+  assert.equal(reportValidatedMeshFloorCell(30.317, -97.717, 142), true);
+  assert.equal(reportValidatedMeshFloorCell(30.3173, -97.7173, 121), true);
+  const pos = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-97.7173, 30.3173, 100);
+  const out = _floorGroundedDisplayPositionForTest(
+    { onGround: true },
+    pos,
+    false,
+  );
+  const c = _floorCarto(out);
+  assert.ok(
+    Math.abs(c.height - (121 + GROUND_FLOOR_LIFT_M)) < 0.05,
+    `height ${c.height} should be the apron's 121 + lift`,
+  );
+  _clearMeshFloorCellsForTest();
+  _clearDisplayFloorStateForTest();
+});
+
 test('display floor: an AIRBORNE contact over the same cell is never lifted', () => {
   _clearDisplayFloorStateForTest();
   _clearMeshFloorCellsForTest();
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/motion.js b/src/layers/flights/motion.js
index a14c8c4ac..c09522153 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/motion.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/motion.js
@@ -37,6 +37,22 @@ import {
   DISPLAY_CORRIDOR_FAIR_SHARE,
 } from './policy.js';
 
+/** Half a coarse floor cell (0.001°), less a margin so rounding keeps a
+ *  clamped coordinate inside the cell. */
+const HALF_CELL_DEG = 0.00049;
+
+/**
+ * A coordinate held within half a cell of the cell's centre (the short way
+ * round for longitude), so a read lands in the given cell.
+ * @param {number} deg @param {number} centreDeg
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+function clampToCell(deg, centreDeg) {
+  let d = deg - centreDeg;
+  d -= 360 * Math.round(d / 360);
+  return centreDeg + Math.max(-HALF_CELL_DEG, Math.min(HALF_CELL_DEG, d));
+}
+
 export function createMotion({
   flightState,
   services,
@@ -865,12 +881,15 @@ export function createMotion({
     );
     // Boundary hysteresis: a position jittering across a cell edge would flip
     // floors at fleet-tick rate (see stickyFloorCell).
-    const cell = stickyFloorCell(
-      Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.latitude),
-      Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.longitude),
-      state?.cell,
+    const latDeg = Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.latitude);
+    const lonDeg = Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.longitude);
+    const cell = stickyFloorCell(latDeg, lonDeg, state?.cell);
+    // A cell holds rendered-surface readings at the points they were taken,
+    // so the floor is read where the contact is, held inside its sticky cell.
+    const floor = cachedGroundFloor(
+      clampToCell(latDeg, cell.lat),
+      clampToCell(lonDeg, cell.lon),
     );
-    const floor = cachedGroundFloor(cell.lat, cell.lon);
     const next = state || {
       cell,
       in: new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
diff --git a/src/layers/transit/height.js b/src/layers/transit/height.js
index 2e2945a88..027dc7d41 100644
--- a/src/layers/transit/height.js
+++ b/src/layers/transit/height.js
@@ -124,7 +124,14 @@ export function createHeight({ state, services, parts }) {
       const cells = new Map();
       const collect = (point, answer) => {
         if (!onGround) return;
-        if (!cells.has(answer.cell))
+        // A cell keeps the last point offered in it: the path is walked
+        // oldest first, so that is where the vehicle is now or about to be,
+        // and the mesh sampler reads the surface there.
+        const held = cells.get(answer.cell);
+        if (held) {
+          held.lat = point.lat;
+          held.lon = point.lon;
+        } else
           cells.set(answer.cell, {
             lat: point.lat,
             lon: point.lon,
@@ -136,6 +143,13 @@ export function createHeight({ state, services, parts }) {
       const newest = entry.fixes.at(-1);
       const answer = requestHeight(newest.lat, newest.lon, entry);
       entry.heightCell = answer.cell;
+      // The selected vehicle's path also offers its history, newest segment
+      // first; the vehicle's own cell is read where its newest fix is.
+      const own = cells.get(answer.cell);
+      if (own) {
+        own.lat = newest.lat;
+        own.lon = newest.lon;
+      }
       if (answer.height !== null) {
         entry.heightM = answer.height;
         entry.heightResolved = true;
diff --git a/src/layers/transit/lifecycle.test.mjs b/src/layers/transit/lifecycle.test.mjs
index e36d87de8..fee9a60ed 100644
--- a/src/layers/transit/lifecycle.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/transit/lifecycle.test.mjs
@@ -2938,6 +2938,114 @@ test('mesh refinement reaches all 100 retained DEM cells within five poll budget
   assert.equal(probed.size, 100);
 });
 
+test('mesh refinement probes the latest point the path offers in a cell', async (t) => {
+  const { createHeight } = await import('./height.js');
+  // Three points along one cell's stretch of path, oldest first.
+  const path = [
+    { lat: 42.3611, lon: -71.0751 },
+    { lat: 42.3612, lon: -71.0753 },
+    { lat: 42.3614, lon: -71.0754 },
+  ];
+  const entry = { key: 'train', to: path[0], fixes: [path.at(-1)] };
+  const probed = [];
+  const state = {
+    _enabled: true,
+    _selectedKey: null,
+    _visible: new Set([entry]),
+    _vehicles: new Map([[entry.key, entry]]),
+    _floorCursor: 0,
+    _heightDirty: new Set(),
+    _viewer: { camera: { positionCartographic: { height: 100 } } },
+  };
+  const height = createHeight({
+    state,
+    services: {
+      render: { governorRequestRender() {} },
+      ground: {
+        coarseFloorCoord: (lat, lon) => ({
+          lat: Number(lat.toFixed(3)),
+          lon: Number(lon.toFixed(3)),
+        }),
+        cachedGroundFloor: () => 10,
+        GROUND_FLOOR_LIFT_M: 1.5,
+      },
+      mesh: {
+        sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, points) {
+          probed.push(...points.map((p) => [p.lat, p.lon]));
+        },
+      },
+    },
+    parts: {
+      trails: {
+        prepareEntry(e, collect) {
+          if (collect)
+            for (const point of path)
+              collect(point, height.requestHeight(point.lat, point.lon));
+        },
+      },
+      rendering: { requestVisibility() {} },
+    },
+  });
+  t.after(() => height.clear());
+  height.anchorFloors();
+  assert.deepEqual(probed, [[42.3614, -71.0754]]);
+});
+
+test('the selected vehicle is probed at its newest fix in its own cell', async (t) => {
+  const { createHeight } = await import('./height.js');
+  // The selected path offers its active corridor first, then its history
+  // newest segment first, so the last offer in the cell is an older point.
+  const newest = { lat: 42.3614, lon: -71.0754 };
+  const offers = [
+    newest,
+    { lat: 42.3612, lon: -71.0753 },
+    { lat: 42.3611, lon: -71.0751 },
+  ];
+  const entry = { key: 'train', to: offers[0], fixes: [newest] };
+  const probed = [];
+  const state = {
+    _enabled: true,
+    _selectedKey: entry.key,
+    _visible: new Set([entry]),
+    _vehicles: new Map([[entry.key, entry]]),
+    _floorCursor: 0,
+    _heightDirty: new Set(),
+    _viewer: { camera: { positionCartographic: { height: 100 } } },
+  };
+  const height = createHeight({
+    state,
+    services: {
+      render: { governorRequestRender() {} },
+      ground: {
+        coarseFloorCoord: (lat, lon) => ({
+          lat: Number(lat.toFixed(3)),
+          lon: Number(lon.toFixed(3)),
+        }),
+        cachedGroundFloor: () => 10,
+        GROUND_FLOOR_LIFT_M: 1.5,
+      },
+      mesh: {
+        sampleMeshFloorCells(scene, points) {
+          probed.push(...points.map((p) => [p.lat, p.lon]));
+        },
+      },
+    },
+    parts: {
+      trails: {
+        prepareEntry(e, collect) {
+          if (collect)
+            for (const point of offers)
+              collect(point, height.requestHeight(point.lat, point.lon));
+        },
+      },
+      rendering: { requestVisibility() {} },
+    },
+  });
+  t.after(() => height.clear());
+  height.anchorFloors();
+  assert.deepEqual(probed, [[42.3614, -71.0754]]);
+});
+
 test('selection churn releases past geometry on every retained vehicle', async (t) => {
   const app = harness(t, { floorAt: () => 10 });
   const { mergeHistory, seek } = await import('../../data/contactPlayback.js');

From 09520bc34ce262ad208295fc9843146f6dce3330 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 14:54:51 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 091/181] Changelog fragment for #1642

---
 changelog.d/1642-transit-floor-per-point.md | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1642-transit-floor-per-point.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1642-transit-floor-per-point.md b/changelog.d/1642-transit-floor-per-point.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04dd59760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1642-transit-floor-per-point.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+- Keep buses and trains off rooftops and out of bridge decks on the photoreal
+  3D tiles: the ground floor probes the rendered mesh where each vehicle is,
+  keeps each reading at the point it was taken (up to sixteen a cell) and
+  answers from the reading nearest the vehicle, instead of one probe at each
+  110 m cell's centre that lifted every vehicle in the cell onto whatever lay
+  there. Transit probes each vehicle's latest point, and grounded flights read
+  the floor at their own position (Sameh Khamis, @samehkhamis, #1642).

From a7f96313e92105e96180d02bfdbf712d79816ff3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 16:56:59 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 092/181] feat(pointer): an application's own tool can take the
 pointer

createApplicationTools returns pointer: claim(owner) takes the pointer as
Draw does and returns its lease, or null while another tool holds it;
release(lease) gives it back; isFree() lets the application's own click
handlers yield, as the layers' do. This replaces drawShape, which this
branch added: Draw is as it was.
---
 CHANGELOG.md                               |   7 +-
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                      |   2 +-
 src/annotations/drawTool.js                |  66 +--------
 src/annotations/drawToolBehaviour.test.mjs | 152 ---------------------
 src/app/tools.js                           |  22 +--
 5 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 231 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 7c425d0b6..f49dad02b 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
-- Applications can ask Draw for one area or line and get its geometry back
-  without placing a mark (`drawShape` from `createApplicationTools`), and their
-  own click handlers can yield while a tool holds the pointer, as the layers'
-  do (`pointerFree`) (samehkhamis, #1641).
+- An application's own tool can take the pointer as Draw does, and its click
+  handlers can yield while a tool holds it, as the layers' do (`pointer` from
+  `createApplicationTools`) (samehkhamis, #1641).
 
 ## [0.3.0] — 2026-10-27 — Street Level, On Your Phone, in Your Language
 
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index b70dc1d92..f8914f19f 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -6311,7 +6311,7 @@ request viewbox and continues searching without that geographic preference.
 - UTILITIES ▸ **Draw** turns the globe into a whiteboard drawn by hand. Pick a shape (icon buttons for Area, Line and Pin) and a colour swatch for the next shape, click the vertices on the real world, and finish. **Keyboard contract, live only while Draw is on and never while you are typing in another field:** Enter finishes the shape (as does a double-click, and the two cannot both submit it — the session is replaced before the annotate call is awaited); Backspace removes the last vertex; Esc cancels the shape in progress, and a second Esc — Esc on an empty session — leaves draw mode. **Clear** wipes the board (the shape in progress and every placed mark), so removing marks does not require the console or the microphone.
 - **Drawn shapes are listed under Draw like Import's files** (`src/ui/views/panels/DrawMarkList.vue`, rows worded by `presentDrawMarks` in `src/annotations/drawMarks.js`): one row per hand-drawn mark (`manual: true`; voice marks are not listed) with its colour swatch, its name, and show/hide, fly-to and remove. The draw tool publishes the rows with the rest of its controls and answers the row actions (`renameDrawMark`, `recolorDrawMark`, `toggleDrawMark`, `flyToDrawMark`, `removeDrawMark`) through the display store; it republishes on the engine's `onChange`, so a voice clear or an expiry updates the list. Rows are keyed and updated in place: a board change never takes a name being typed (the field keeps its draft while focused) or the button under a click. The name is saved on Enter or on leaving the field, once; Esc restores it, before anything else and with the row's colours open too. Both keep focus in the field, so neither drops it to the page or leaves Draw. The swatch opens the five colours right after it (shown at the end of the row), with the current colour focused; the arrows, Home and End try another, and a click or Esc closes them and returns focus to the swatch. Both colour groups (the next shape's and a row's) are one `DrawSwatches` radio group with a single tab stop, coloured from `DRAW_COLOR_CSS`; on touch screens each dot answers a 24 px target. An unnamed shape shows its kind, and an unnamed line its length; a renamed line keeps its length (`Ridge walk — 950 m`). **Hidden** keeps a mark on the board at alpha 0, and the world renderer takes every one of its entities out (`show = false`), so no material that keeps its own colour (the line's flowing stroke) still paints it; the screen renderer does not project a hidden callout, so it cannot push a visible label aside; `fly_route` skips a hidden route; and with every mark hidden the annotations render hold is released. **Fly to** is an immediate navigation (`runImmediateNavigation('drawing', …)`), like Import's: Cockpit refuses it and a running orbit, follow or track lets go first. A line is framed by its whole path, across the antimeridian too.
 - Runtime entry: `createApplicationTools` (`src/app/tools.js`, behind the `src/standalone/tools.js` shim) calls `initDrawTool({ viewer, annotations, navigation, publish, connect, markActions })` after `initAnnotations` and defers its `destroy()`, so disposing the shell returns every DOM listener, the Cesium handler, the preview data source, the borrowed click actions and the `window.__gevDrawTool` handle. Its controls are Vue views in the UTILITIES panel (`DrawControls.vue`, `DrawMarkList.vue`) that render what the tool publishes to the display store and call its actions. That handle (`setActive`, `setShape`, `addVertex(lon, lat)`, `finish`, `cancel`, `clearAll`, `marks`, `setColor`, `diagnostics`) is the no-mouse test seam.
-- **One shape, handed back.** `createApplicationTools` also returns `drawShape({ shape, signal })` (`drawTool.drawShape`): it opens draw mode for one `area` or `line` and resolves with its geometry, a closed `[lon, lat]` `Polygon` or a `LineString`, without placing a mark; the shape chosen before comes back and draw mode ends. While it is open the controls cannot change the shape, and one across the antimeridian is refused as a row's actions refuse it ("That shape could not be placed.") and drawn again. It resolves `null` when the drawing is cancelled (the second Escape), draw mode is left, `signal` aborts, another request replaces it, the pointer is held elsewhere, the tool is destroyed, or the page has no Draw controls. It returns `pointerFree` (`data/inputOwnership.js` `isPointerFree`) too, so an application's own click handlers yield to the tool holding the pointer, as the layers' do.
+- **The pointer, for an application's own tool.** `createApplicationTools` also returns `pointer` (`data/inputOwnership.js`): `claim(owner)` takes the pointer as Draw does and returns its lease, or `null` while another tool holds it; `release(lease)` gives it back; `isFree()` lets the application's own click handlers yield, as the layers' do. An owner without a name in `pointerOwnerNames.js` is named by its id when another tool reports who holds the pointer.
 - **Row actions are an application's own.** `createApplicationTools({ drawMarkActions })` hands `initDrawTool` buttons for drawn areas' and lines' rows; the standalone shell passes none, so the open-source build shows no new button and makes no new request. Each action (`drawMarkActions` in `src/annotations/drawMarks.js`) is `{ id, icon, label(name), shapes: ['area', 'line'], accepts?(geometry, shape), run({ id, shape, name, title, geometry }) }`: the icon a Material Symbols name, the label worded by the application, `name` the person's own and `title` the row's (the name, else `Area` or `Line · 950 m`), the geometry `drawMarkGeometry`'s `[lon, lat]` `Polygon` (closed; a `MultiPolygon` for an area handle with several parts) or `LineString`, longitudes wrapped into [-180, 180]. A pin, and a shape that crosses the antimeridian or has a part that cannot be given whole, has no geometry and is offered nothing. Malformed actions and repeated ids are dropped once, at construction. What `run` returns or resolves to is a note under the row (`role=status`; past 200 characters it is cut at a word with an ellipsis); the row is busy (`aria-disabled`, no second press) until it settles, a rejection or a throw clears the note and is logged (so an action words its own refusals and resolves with them), and a shape's note goes with the shape, so a late answer never lands on a removed one.
 - Contract: a finished shape is submitted through the SAME `annotationEngine.annotate()` the voice agent uses, with geometry supplied and `manual: true` (`type: area` + `ring`, `type: route` + `path`, `type: pin` + coordinates). `resolveSpec` short-circuits manual specs (`resolveManualSpec`) so no geocoder, Places or Overpass call is made. A drawn area is a real (not synthesized) outline and drapes solid; a drawn line is a `route` with `mode: 'manual'`, labelled with its length and never a travel time; a pin is a point. Drawn marks therefore render with the whiteboard look, persist, appear in `.list()`, and clear with `clear_annotations` / `.clear()`. A drawn shape is never merged with another as a duplicate: every one is drawn on purpose, and every one is unnamed until its row names it, so two pins dropped close together are two pins.
 - **A vertex is a lon/lat, and the mark is DRAPED.** Clicks are picked through `pickWorldFromScreen` — one of two scene helpers the annotation resolver factory (`src/annotations/resolver.js`) exposes alongside `sampleGroundHeight`, so the app has ONE depth-aware pick cascade rather than a second written beside it — which returns the height the pick landed on as well as the coordinate, so the live preview hangs on the roof or hillside under the pointer instead of sinking to sea level. The world renderer draws areas and routes with `clampToGround`, so the height is dropped at finish in one place (`finishSpec`) rather than being carried downstream and discarded silently: what you get is the outline you drew, lying on the surface beneath it.
diff --git a/src/annotations/drawTool.js b/src/annotations/drawTool.js
index 14a5929eb..f44d30753 100644
--- a/src/annotations/drawTool.js
+++ b/src/annotations/drawTool.js
@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@ import {
   DRAW_COLORS,
   DRAW_COLOR_CSS,
   drawMarkActions,
-  drawMarkGeometry,
   drawMarkActionsFor,
   drawMarkFallbackName,
   presentDrawMarks,
@@ -121,9 +120,6 @@ export function initDrawTool({
   let savedDoubleClick = null;
   let savedSingleClick = null;
   let cursor = null; // last mouse position on the canvas, for the rubber band
-  // One shape asked for by `drawShape`: `{ resolve, restoreShape, off }`. Its
-  // finish hands the geometry back instead of placing a mark.
-  let request = null;
   // Bumped by anything that supersedes an in-flight finish: cancelling, clearing
   // the board, leaving draw mode, teardown. An `annotate()` that resolves after
   // one of those must not write its outcome over the newer state.
@@ -284,20 +280,6 @@ export function initDrawTool({
     // Named afterwards, in the shape's row.
     const spec = finishSpec(session, { label: '', color });
     if (!spec) return null;
-    if (request) {
-      // As a row's actions get it: a shape across the antimeridian has none,
-      // and is drawn again rather than handed back wrapped round the world.
-      const geometry = drawMarkGeometry(spec);
-      if (!geometry) {
-        session = createDrawSession(shape);
-        cursor = null;
-        syncPreview();
-        setHint(() => t('That shape could not be placed.'));
-        return null;
-      }
-      endRequest(geometry);
-      return geometry;
-    }
     // Start a fresh session BEFORE awaiting, so a second Enter or the second
     // half of a double-click cannot submit the same shape twice.
     session = createDrawSession(shape);
@@ -425,7 +407,6 @@ export function initDrawTool({
       generation += 1;
       session = null;
       cursor = null;
-      endRequest(null);
       releaseSceneHandler();
       releasePointer(lease);
       lease = null;
@@ -551,46 +532,6 @@ export function initDrawTool({
     return true;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Close the asked-for shape with `geometry` (null when there is none): the
-   * shape chosen before it comes back, and draw mode ends.
-   */
-  function endRequest(geometry) {
-    const open = request;
-    if (!open) return;
-    request = null;
-    open.off();
-    chooseShape(open.restoreShape);
-    open.resolve(geometry);
-    if (active) setActive(false);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Draw one area or line and hand back its geometry (a Polygon or a
-   * LineString) without placing a mark. Escape works as in Draw: the first
-   * clears a shape in progress, and one on an empty shape leaves. Resolves null
-   * when draw mode is left, `signal` aborts, or the pointer is taken.
-   * A second request ends the first with null.
-   * @param {{shape?: 'area'|'line', signal?: AbortSignal}} [options]
-   * @returns {Promise<{type: 'Polygon', coordinates: number[][][]}|{type: 'LineString', coordinates: number[][]}|null>}
-   */
-  function drawShape({ shape: wanted = 'area', signal } = {}) {
-    if (destroyed || signal?.aborted) return Promise.resolve(null);
-    endRequest(null);
-    const restoreShape = shape;
-    return new Promise((resolve) => {
-      const abort = () => endRequest(null);
-      signal?.addEventListener('abort', abort, { once: true });
-      request = {
-        resolve,
-        restoreShape,
-        off: () => signal?.removeEventListener('abort', abort),
-      };
-      chooseShape(normalizeShape(wanted) === 'line' ? 'line' : 'area');
-      if (!active && !setActive(true)) endRequest(null);
-    });
-  }
-
   /** Draw `next` from now on; an open shape starts over in it. */
   function chooseShape(next) {
     shape = normalizeShape(next);
@@ -604,10 +545,7 @@ export function initDrawTool({
   }
   const disconnect = connect({
     toggleDraw: () => setActive(!active),
-    // An asked-for shape is the one asked for.
-    setDrawShape: (next) => {
-      if (!request) chooseShape(next);
-    },
+    setDrawShape: chooseShape,
     setDrawColor: (value) => {
       color = DRAW_COLORS.includes(value) ? value : 'primary';
       present();
@@ -664,7 +602,6 @@ export function initDrawTool({
     finish,
     cancel,
     clearAll,
-    drawShape,
     shapes: DRAW_SHAPES,
     /** What this tool currently holds — for teardown and leak assertions. */
     diagnostics() {
@@ -701,7 +638,6 @@ export function initDrawTool({
       if (destroyed) return attaching;
       // Supersede any finish still in flight before anything is torn down.
       generation += 1;
-      endRequest(null);
       if (active) setActive(false);
       destroyed = true;
       offLocale();
diff --git a/src/annotations/drawToolBehaviour.test.mjs b/src/annotations/drawToolBehaviour.test.mjs
index 276852248..4cef4d4fe 100644
--- a/src/annotations/drawToolBehaviour.test.mjs
+++ b/src/annotations/drawToolBehaviour.test.mjs
@@ -704,158 +704,6 @@ test('what a row action answers is its row\'s note; the row is busy until then,
   }
 });
 
-test('drawShape hands back the drawn area as a polygon and places no mark', async () => {
-  const h = harness();
-  try {
-    h.act('setDrawShape', 'line');
-    const drawn = h.tool.drawShape({ shape: 'area' });
-    assert.equal(h.tool.active, true, 'it opens draw mode');
-    assert.equal(h.tool.shape, 'area');
-    h.tool.addVertex(-97.75, 30.26);
-    h.tool.addVertex(-97.74, 30.26);
-    h.tool.addVertex(-97.74, 30.27);
-    h.documentDouble.emit('keydown', {
-      key: 'Enter',
-      target: h.documentDouble.body,
-    });
-    const geometry = await drawn;
-    assert.deepEqual(geometry, {
-      type: 'Polygon',
-      coordinates: [
-        [
-          [-97.75, 30.26],
-          [-97.74, 30.26],
-          [-97.74, 30.27],
-          [-97.75, 30.26],
-        ],
-      ],
-    });
-    assert.equal(h.annotations.calls.annotate.length, 0, 'no mark is placed');
-    assert.equal(h.tool.active, false, 'draw mode ends');
-    assert.equal(isPointerFree(), true);
-    assert.equal(h.tool.shape, 'line', 'the shape chosen before comes back');
-  } finally {
-    h.restore();
-  }
-});
-
-test('drawShape hands back a line as a LineString', async () => {
-  const h = harness();
-  try {
-    const drawn = h.tool.drawShape({ shape: 'line' });
-    h.tool.addVertex(-97.75, 30.26);
-    h.tool.addVertex(-97.74, 30.26);
-    h.documentDouble.emit('keydown', {
-      key: 'Enter',
-      target: h.documentDouble.body,
-    });
-    assert.deepEqual(await drawn, {
-      type: 'LineString',
-      coordinates: [
-        [-97.75, 30.26],
-        [-97.74, 30.26],
-      ],
-    });
-  } finally {
-    h.restore();
-  }
-});
-
-test('drawShape resolves null on Escape, on abort, on a newer request and when the pointer is taken', async () => {
-  const h = harness();
-  try {
-    // Escape with a shape started clears it; a second Escape leaves.
-    const escaped = h.tool.drawShape({ shape: 'area' });
-    h.tool.addVertex(-97.75, 30.26);
-    h.documentDouble.emit('keydown', {
-      key: 'Escape',
-      target: h.documentDouble.body,
-    });
-    assert.equal(h.tool.active, true, 'the first Escape only clears the shape');
-    h.documentDouble.emit('keydown', {
-      key: 'Escape',
-      target: h.documentDouble.body,
-    });
-    assert.equal(await escaped, null);
-    assert.equal(h.tool.active, false);
-
-    const controller = new AbortController();
-    const aborted = h.tool.drawShape({
-      shape: 'area',
-      signal: controller.signal,
-    });
-    controller.abort();
-    assert.equal(await aborted, null);
-    assert.equal(isPointerFree(), true, 'an abort gives the pointer back');
-
-    const first = h.tool.drawShape({ shape: 'area' });
-    const second = h.tool.drawShape({ shape: 'line' });
-    assert.equal(await first, null, 'a newer request ends the older one');
-    h.act('toggleDraw');
-    assert.equal(await second, null, 'leaving draw mode ends it');
-
-    const done = new AbortController();
-    done.abort();
-    assert.equal(await h.tool.drawShape({ signal: done.signal }), null);
-
-    const other = claimPointer('directions');
-    assert.equal(
-      await h.tool.drawShape({ shape: 'area' }),
-      null,
-      'a held pointer refuses it',
-    );
-    releasePointer(other);
-
-    // Drawing by hand afterwards places marks as before.
-    h.act('toggleDraw');
-    h.tool.addVertex(-97.75, 30.26);
-    h.tool.addVertex(-97.74, 30.26);
-    h.tool.addVertex(-97.74, 30.27);
-    h.documentDouble.emit('keydown', {
-      key: 'Enter',
-      target: h.documentDouble.body,
-    });
-    await Promise.resolve();
-    assert.equal(h.annotations.calls.annotate.length, 1);
-  } finally {
-    h.restore();
-  }
-});
-
-test('drawShape keeps its shape, and a shape across the antimeridian is drawn again', async () => {
-  const h = harness();
-  try {
-    const drawn = h.tool.drawShape({ shape: 'line' });
-    h.act('setDrawShape', 'pin');
-    assert.equal(h.tool.shape, 'line', 'the controls cannot change the asked-for shape');
-    h.tool.addVertex(179.5, 10);
-    h.tool.addVertex(-179.5, 10);
-    h.documentDouble.emit('keydown', { key: 'Enter', target: h.documentDouble.body });
-    assert.equal(h.tool.active, true, 'still drawing');
-    assert.equal(h.tool.session.vertices.length, 0, 'drawn again from the start');
-    assert.equal(h.shown.view.hint, 'That shape could not be placed.');
-    h.tool.addVertex(29, 41);
-    h.tool.addVertex(29.1, 41);
-    h.documentDouble.emit('keydown', { key: 'Enter', target: h.documentDouble.body });
-    assert.equal((await drawn).type, 'LineString');
-    h.act('setDrawShape', 'pin');
-    assert.equal(h.tool.shape, 'pin', 'after it, the controls choose again');
-  } finally {
-    h.restore();
-  }
-});
-
-test('destroy ends a drawShape request with null', async () => {
-  const h = harness();
-  try {
-    const drawn = h.tool.drawShape({ shape: 'area' });
-    h.tool.destroy();
-    assert.equal(await drawn, null);
-  } finally {
-    h.restore();
-  }
-});
-
 test('Backspace on the page removes the last vertex', () => {
   const h = harness();
   try {
diff --git a/src/app/tools.js b/src/app/tools.js
index 9ecb3559a..9da848c78 100644
--- a/src/app/tools.js
+++ b/src/app/tools.js
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 import { SceneDirector } from '../scenes/director.js';
 import { initAnnotations } from '../annotations/index.js';
 import { initDrawTool } from '../annotations/drawTool.js';
-import { isPointerFree } from '../data/inputOwnership.js';
+import {
+  claimPointer,
+  isPointerFree,
+  releasePointer,
+} from '../data/inputOwnership.js';
 import { initGeoFileImport } from '../ui/geoFileImport.js';
 import { useDisplayStore } from '../ui/stores/display.js';
 import { applicationPinia } from '../ui/vueRuntime.js';
@@ -246,17 +250,17 @@ export function createApplicationTools({
       signal,
     }),
   );
-  // Draw one area or line and get its geometry back, without placing a mark
-  // (annotations/drawTool.js `drawShape`); null without the Draw controls.
-  const drawShape = (options) =>
-    drawTool ? drawTool.drawShape(options) : Promise.resolve(null);
-  // An application's own click handlers yield while a tool holds the pointer,
-  // as the layers' do (data/inputOwnership.js).
+  // An application's own tool takes the pointer as Draw does, and its own
+  // click handlers yield while a tool holds it, as the layers' do
+  // (data/inputOwnership.js).
   return {
     sceneDirector,
     annotations,
     voiceCommands,
-    drawShape,
-    pointerFree: isPointerFree,
+    pointer: {
+      claim: claimPointer,
+      release: releasePointer,
+      isFree: isPointerFree,
+    },
   };
 }

From 4dc51927bc55e88a9a09bd442c8c18fac3d072af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 18:04:16 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 093/181] perf(traffic): build road lines one set at a time

With Lines on, every progressive paint of a loading city rebuilt all road
lines: up to three ground-line primitives for as many as 1,500 roads, built
asynchronously. Builds started faster than they finished, and each kept the
set it replaced in the scene until it was ready, so sets piled up.

One set now builds at a time. A rebuild asked for while lines are building
replaces the one waiting, and the newest starts when the build finishes.
Lines replaced by a finished build are removed before the next one starts.
Turning Lines off removes the lines at once and drops the waiting rebuild.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                   |   2 +-
 scripts/format-scope.json               |   1 +
 src/layers/traffic/lineRebuild.test.mjs | 219 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/traffic/rendering.js         |  52 ++++--
 src/layers/traffic/state.js             |   4 +
 5 files changed, 264 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/layers/traffic/lineRebuild.test.mjs

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 91b7a56a4..03d4efc94 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ existing batch size and one bounded upstream chunk. Larger requests return HTTP
 413 before disk-cache loading or upstream work; malformed coordinates remain 400.
 The browser continues to split larger workloads into sequential 64-point requests.
 
-Traffic holds continuous rendering only while enabled with shown animated dots, a pulsing jam heat-line, or road lines whose geometry is still building (replaced lines stay drawn until their successors are ready, so a rebuild never blinks); hidden dots (`dots` off) and settled flow lines hold nothing. Empty and high-altitude views release the hold. A failed load leaves no hold only when no animated content is retained: if an earlier load succeeded, ingestion keeps its animated points and the hold stays. Population admission reacquires the hold and resets animation time. Clear, disable, and destroy also release it. Retained fading dots keep animation alive until they are removed. When the last point leaves mid height correction, the correction is settled at once, before the hold is released, so it cannot keep the layer reporting loading.
+Traffic holds continuous rendering only while enabled with shown animated dots, a pulsing jam heat-line, or road lines whose geometry is still building (replaced lines stay drawn until their successors are ready, so a rebuild never blinks; one set builds at a time, and of the rebuilds asked for meanwhile only the newest runs, when that build finishes; turning lines off removes them at once); hidden dots (`dots` off) and settled flow lines hold nothing. Empty and high-altitude views release the hold. A failed load leaves no hold only when no animated content is retained: if an earlier load succeeded, ingestion keeps its animated points and the hold stays. Population admission reacquires the hold and resets animation time. Clear, disable, and destroy also release it. Retained fading dots keep animation alive until they are removed. When the last point leaves mid height correction, the correction is settled at once, before the hold is released, so it cannot keep the layer reporting loading.
 
 Shared distance checks use `src/geoDistance.js` with `{ lat, lon }` points and
 the IUGG mean spherical Earth radius, 6371.0088 km. `greatCircleKm` is
diff --git a/scripts/format-scope.json b/scripts/format-scope.json
index 7dbd9d2b7..c82c5ebb3 100644
--- a/scripts/format-scope.json
+++ b/scripts/format-scope.json
@@ -1077,6 +1077,7 @@
   "src/layers/traffic/roadModes.test.mjs",
   "scripts/qa-traffic-motion.mjs",
   "src/layers/traffic/motion.test.mjs",
+  "src/layers/traffic/lineRebuild.test.mjs",
   "scripts/qa-journey-recorder.mjs",
   "scripts/qa-alpr-journey.mjs",
   "scripts/qa-context-arrivals.mjs",
diff --git a/src/layers/traffic/lineRebuild.test.mjs b/src/layers/traffic/lineRebuild.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4533b63d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/traffic/lineRebuild.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+// Street Traffic road lines build one set at a time: rebuilds asked for while
+// a set is building wait, and only the newest of them runs.
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { createRendering } from './rendering.js';
+
+// Cesium tests a material's uniforms against these browser classes.
+for (const name of [
+  'HTMLCanvasElement',
+  'HTMLImageElement',
+  'ImageBitmap',
+  'OffscreenCanvas',
+])
+  globalThis[name] ??= class {};
+// A line primitive's render state is checked against the context's limits,
+// which only a WebGL context sets.
+Cesium.ContextLimits._minimumAliasedLineWidth = 1;
+Cesium.ContextLimits._maximumAliasedLineWidth = 1;
+
+/** A road with flow; `level` picks its bucket (0.1 jam, 0.6 slow, 1 free). */
+function road(level = 1) {
+  return {
+    flow: { level, closure: false },
+    segmentDist: [100],
+    waypoints: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegreesArray([
+      -97.744, 30.267, -97.742, 30.267,
+    ]),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Rendering over a scene that records its ground primitives. Each added
+ * primitive is replaced by a stand-in whose `ready` the test sets, as Cesium
+ * sets it once the asynchronous geometry is built.
+ */
+function harness() {
+  const scene = [];
+  const added = [];
+  let linesOn = true;
+  const state = {
+    _viewer: {
+      scene: {
+        globe: { show: true },
+        groundPrimitives: {
+          add(primitive) {
+            const line = {
+              ready: false,
+              roads: primitive.geometryInstances.length,
+            };
+            scene.push(line);
+            added.push(line);
+            return line;
+          },
+          remove(line) {
+            const index = scene.indexOf(line);
+            if (index >= 0) scene.splice(index, 1);
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    },
+    _liveMode: true,
+    _showLines: true,
+    _heatSupported: true,
+    _heatJamPrim: null,
+    _heatSlowPrim: null,
+    _heatFreePrim: null,
+    _heatRetired: [],
+    _heatPendingRoads: null,
+    _heatLineCount: 0,
+  };
+  const rendering = createRendering({
+    state,
+    services: {},
+    source: {},
+    parts: {
+      style: { heatlineOn: () => linesOn },
+      animation: { syncRenderDemand() {} },
+    },
+  });
+  return {
+    state,
+    rendering,
+    scene,
+    added,
+    setLines(on) {
+      linesOn = on;
+      state._showLines = on;
+    },
+    /** Finish every build in the scene, then run a frame. */
+    frame({ built = true } = {}) {
+      if (built) for (const line of scene) line.ready = true;
+      rendering.retireHeatLines();
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+const roads = (count) => Array.from({ length: count }, () => road());
+
+test('rebuilds asked for while lines build do not start more builds', () => {
+  const { rendering, scene, added, frame } = harness();
+  rendering.rebuildHeatLines(roads(1));
+  assert.equal(added.length, 1);
+  // Progressive paints while the first set builds.
+  for (const count of [2, 3, 4]) rendering.rebuildHeatLines(roads(count));
+  frame({ built: false });
+  assert.equal(added.length, 1, 'no build started during a build');
+  assert.equal(scene.length, 1);
+  assert.deepEqual(scene[0].roads, 1);
+});
+
+test('the newest rebuild asked for during a build is the one that runs', () => {
+  const { state, rendering, scene, added, frame } = harness();
+  rendering.rebuildHeatLines(roads(1));
+  for (const count of [2, 3, 4]) rendering.rebuildHeatLines(roads(count));
+  frame();
+  // One build for the three requests, of the last one's roads.
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    added.map((line) => line.roads),
+    [1, 4],
+  );
+  assert.equal(state._heatLineCount, 4);
+  assert.equal(state._heatPendingRoads, null);
+  // The set it replaces stays drawn while it builds, then goes.
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    scene.map((line) => line.roads),
+    [1, 4],
+  );
+  frame();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    scene.map((line) => line.roads),
+    [4],
+  );
+  // Nothing is waiting, so later frames start nothing.
+  frame();
+  assert.equal(added.length, 2);
+});
+
+test('a rebuild with nothing building starts at once', () => {
+  const { rendering, added, frame } = harness();
+  rendering.rebuildHeatLines(roads(1));
+  frame();
+  rendering.rebuildHeatLines(roads(2));
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    added.map((line) => line.roads),
+    [1, 2],
+  );
+});
+
+test('turning lines off during a build removes them at once and drops the waiting rebuild', () => {
+  const { state, rendering, scene, added, setLines, frame } = harness();
+  rendering.rebuildHeatLines(roads(1));
+  frame();
+  rendering.rebuildHeatLines(roads(2));
+  rendering.rebuildHeatLines(roads(3));
+  assert.equal(scene.length, 2, 'the drawn set and the building one');
+  setLines(false);
+  rendering.rebuildHeatLines(roads(3));
+  assert.deepEqual(scene, [], 'not deferred behind the build');
+  assert.equal(state._heatPendingRoads, null);
+  assert.equal(state._heatLineCount, 0);
+  frame();
+  assert.equal(added.length, 2, 'the waiting rebuild never runs');
+  assert.deepEqual(scene, []);
+});
+
+test('a rebuild right after a build finishes does not keep the lines that build replaced', () => {
+  const { rendering, scene } = harness();
+  rendering.rebuildHeatLines(roads(1));
+  for (const line of scene) line.ready = true;
+  rendering.rebuildHeatLines(roads(2));
+  // The second build finishes, and a third is asked for before a frame ran.
+  for (const line of scene) line.ready = true;
+  rendering.rebuildHeatLines(roads(3));
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    scene.map((line) => line.roads),
+    [2, 3],
+  );
+});
+
+test('removing the lines drops the waiting rebuild', () => {
+  const { state, rendering, scene, added, frame } = harness();
+  rendering.rebuildHeatLines(roads(1));
+  rendering.rebuildHeatLines(roads(2));
+  rendering.removeHeatLines();
+  assert.deepEqual(scene, []);
+  assert.equal(state._heatPendingRoads, null);
+  frame();
+  assert.equal(added.length, 1);
+});
+
+test('a stream of rebuilds never leaves more than two sets in the scene, and ends with one', () => {
+  const { rendering, scene, added, frame } = harness();
+  let most = 0;
+  const lines = [road(0.1), road(0.6), road(1)];
+  // Three primitives per set: one per flow bucket.
+  for (let paint = 0; paint < 40; paint += 1) {
+    rendering.rebuildHeatLines(lines);
+    most = Math.max(most, scene.length);
+    // A build takes several paints.
+    if (paint % 5 === 4) frame();
+    else frame({ built: false });
+    most = Math.max(most, scene.length);
+  }
+  frame();
+  frame();
+  assert.equal(most <= 6, true, `${most} primitives at once`);
+  assert.equal(scene.length, 3, 'only the current set remains');
+  assert.equal(
+    scene.every((line) => line.ready),
+    true,
+  );
+  // Without coalescing every paint builds: 40 sets, 120 primitives.
+  assert.equal(
+    added.length <= 3 * 10,
+    true,
+    `${added.length} primitives built`,
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/traffic/rendering.js b/src/layers/traffic/rendering.js
index 402cd08b6..49f5af8e9 100644
--- a/src/layers/traffic/rendering.js
+++ b/src/layers/traffic/rendering.js
@@ -59,24 +59,37 @@ export function createRendering({
   /** Remove the heat-line / flow-line ground primitives from the scene. */
 
   function removeHeatLines() {
+    layerState._heatPendingRoads = null;
     removePrimitives(takeHeatLines());
     removePrimitives(layerState._heatRetired || []);
     layerState._heatRetired = [];
     parts.animation.syncRenderDemand?.();
   }
 
+  /** @returns {boolean} Whether a line primitive's geometry is still building. */
+
+  function linesBuilding() {
+    return LINE_KEYS.some((key) => layerState[key] && !layerState[key].ready);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Replaced lines stay drawn until their successors finish building
    * (GroundPolylinePrimitive geometry is asynchronous), so a rebuild never
-   * blinks. Called every held frame.
+   * blinks. Once they have, the replaced lines go and the newest rebuild
+   * asked for in the meantime starts. Called every held frame.
    */
 
   function retireHeatLines() {
-    if (!layerState._heatRetired?.length) return;
-    if (LINE_KEYS.some((key) => layerState[key] && !layerState[key].ready))
-      return;
-    removePrimitives(layerState._heatRetired);
-    layerState._heatRetired = [];
+    if (linesBuilding()) return;
+    if (layerState._heatRetired?.length) {
+      removePrimitives(layerState._heatRetired);
+      layerState._heatRetired = [];
+    }
+    const pending = layerState._heatPendingRoads;
+    if (pending) {
+      layerState._heatPendingRoads = null;
+      rebuildHeatLines(pending);
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -95,24 +108,37 @@ export function createRendering({
    * the globe is hidden (photoreal) and on terrain or tiles otherwise. No-op in
    * sim mode, when both looks are off, or without ground-primitive support.
    *
+   * One build runs at a time. A city loads in progressive paints, each asking
+   * for a rebuild, and every build drapes up to the cap of polylines
+   * asynchronously. A rebuild asked for while lines are building only replaces
+   * the one waiting, which retireHeatLines starts when the build finishes, so
+   * the scene never holds more than the lines drawn and the lines building.
+   * Turning the lines off is never deferred.
+   *
    * @param {Array} roads - Road objects visible in the current render.
    */
 
   function rebuildHeatLines(roads) {
+    const wanted =
+      layerState._viewer && layerState._liveMode && parts.style.heatlineOn();
+    if (wanted && linesBuilding()) {
+      layerState._heatPendingRoads = roads;
+      return;
+    }
+    layerState._heatPendingRoads = null;
+    // No build is left for replaced lines to wait for (it finished, or lines
+    // are going off), so they go first and never pile up behind this rebuild.
+    removePrimitives(layerState._heatRetired || []);
+    layerState._heatRetired = [];
     const previous = takeHeatLines();
     const finish = () => {
-      // Nothing new to wait for: the old lines go now.
       if (LINE_KEYS.some((key) => layerState[key]))
         (layerState._heatRetired ||= []).push(...previous);
+      // Nothing new to wait for: the old lines go now.
       else removePrimitives(previous);
       parts.animation.syncRenderDemand?.();
     };
-    if (
-      !layerState._viewer ||
-      !layerState._liveMode ||
-      !parts.style.heatlineOn()
-    )
-      return finish();
+    if (!wanted) return finish();
     if (layerState._heatSupported === null) {
       layerState._heatSupported = Cesium.GroundPolylinePrimitive.isSupported(
         layerState._viewer.scene,
diff --git a/src/layers/traffic/state.js b/src/layers/traffic/state.js
index 8c2fd9f94..e82cd6191 100644
--- a/src/layers/traffic/state.js
+++ b/src/layers/traffic/state.js
@@ -200,6 +200,10 @@ export function createState({ services, source }) {
 
   layerState._heatRetired = [];
 
+  /** @type {Array|null} Roads of the newest rebuild asked for while the lines were building. */
+
+  layerState._heatPendingRoads = null;
+
   /** @type {number} Heat-lines in the current render (stats). */
 
   layerState._heatLineCount = 0;

From b996e35b0ce86dd62f16d7547a2e0c57c2f5fa64 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 20:31:53 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 094/181] docs(changelog): traffic lines build one set at a
 time

---
 changelog.d/1645-traffic-lines-one-build.md | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1645-traffic-lines-one-build.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1645-traffic-lines-one-build.md b/changelog.d/1645-traffic-lines-one-build.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da1d00be2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1645-traffic-lines-one-build.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+- Street Traffic Lines build one set at a time while a city loads, instead of
+  one per paint, so panning with Lines on no longer piles up line builds
+  (Sameh Khamis, @samehkhamis, #1645).

From 1a8defbfc880a53597410f61679a156cbbfe8b9e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 20:36:03 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 095/181] feat(flights): show the tracked aircraft's
 Planespotters photo in Contacts

Tracking a civil flight asks Planespotters for that aircraft's photo, once
per aircraft, straight from the browser. The CONTEXT panel's CONTACTS view
shows it under the flight's name with the photographer's credit, as a plain
link to the photo's page. Only images on plnspttrs.net and pages on
www.planespotters.net are ever shown or linked. Military aircraft and a
converted TR-3B are never looked up.

Flight lookups (type, route, photo) whose source failed temporarily are
asked again after a 60-second cool-down; an answer, found or not, and a
permanent refusal stay final for the session. A route belongs to the
callsign it was looked up for, so a callsign change drops the old route.

Browser QA scripts that track a flight answer the photo lookup themselves,
so they never call the third party.
---
 DATA_SOURCES.md                        |   6 +-
 docs/CODE-BOUNDARIES.md                |   3 +
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                  |  11 +
 package.json                           |   1 +
 scripts/package-boundaries.json        |  20 +-
 scripts/qa-cockpit-utility.mjs         |   3 +
 scripts/qa-context-arrivals.mjs        |   2 +
 scripts/qa-emergency-squawk.mjs        |   2 +
 scripts/qa-focus-evidence.mjs          |   2 +
 scripts/qa-heading-b3.mjs              |   2 +
 scripts/qa-photo-stub.mjs              |  78 ++++++
 scripts/qa-sprites-b5.mjs              |   2 +
 scripts/track-regression.mjs           |   3 +
 src/data/dataCredits.js                |   7 +
 src/data/dataCredits.test.mjs          |   7 +
 src/data/flights.js                    |   2 +
 src/data/flights.test.mjs              | 260 +++++++++++++++++-
 src/data/militaryAwareness.test.mjs    |  88 +++++-
 src/data/planespottersPhoto.js         | 121 +++++++++
 src/data/planespottersPhoto.test.mjs   | 200 ++++++++++++++
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json               |   3 +-
 src/i18n/locales/de.json               |   3 +-
 src/i18n/locales/es.json               |   3 +-
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json               |   3 +-
 src/i18n/locales/it.json               |   3 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json               |   3 +-
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json               |   3 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json               |   3 +-
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json               |   3 +-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json            |   3 +-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json          |   3 +-
 src/i18n/same-as-english.json          |   3 +-
 src/layers/awareness/panel.js          |  23 ++
 src/layers/awareness/panel.test.mjs    | 117 ++++++++
 src/layers/awareness/state.js          |   2 +
 src/layers/awareness/subject.js        |  60 ++++-
 src/layers/flights/enrichment.js       | 118 ++++++++-
 src/layers/flights/lifecycle.js        |   1 +
 src/layers/flights/ownership.test.mjs  | 354 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/layers/flights/policy.js           |   5 +
 src/layers/flights/queries.js          |  16 +-
 src/layers/flights/records.js          |  15 +-
 src/layers/flights/records.test.mjs    |  24 ++
 src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js |   7 +
 src/layers/flights/state.js            |   4 +
 src/layers/flights/testing.js          |  15 +-
 src/layers/flights/tracking.js         |   1 +
 src/sources/live/contract.test.mjs     |  74 ++++++
 src/sources/live/standalone.js         |  29 ++
 src/ui/awarenessPanel.test.mjs         |  70 +++++
 src/ui/styles/radio.css                |  25 ++
 src/ui/views/panels/AwarenessPanel.vue |  11 +
 52 files changed, 1781 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 scripts/qa-photo-stub.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/data/planespottersPhoto.js
 create mode 100644 src/data/planespottersPhoto.test.mjs

diff --git a/DATA_SOURCES.md b/DATA_SOURCES.md
index ba231df31..03a37ee5a 100644
--- a/DATA_SOURCES.md
+++ b/DATA_SOURCES.md
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ How to read this:
 | **adsb.lol point API**                                                | Bounded live-flight fallback when OpenSky has no usable snapshot; GNSS Integrity layer (aircraft-reported NIC/NACp and GPS-loss integrity facts, via `/api/gnss-integrity`, 60 s server cache)                                                                    | ODbL 1.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | adsb.lol contributors; `api.adsb.lol/v2/lat/{lat}/lon/{lon}/dist/{radius}`                                                                  |
 | **adsb.lol**                                                          | Military flights + aircraft traces                                                                                                  | ODbL 1.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | "adsb.lol" (ODbL)                                                                                                                           |
 | **adsbdb** (`api.adsbdb.com`) | Aircraft type, model name and registration by ICAO hex for enriched flights; airline and origin/destination airports for the tracked flight's callsign | No licence or rate limit is published for the service. Its own credits: aircraft data from PlaneBase, ICAO-to-N-number conversion by Guillaume Michel, and flight route data that "is the work of David Taylor, Edinburgh and Jim Mason, Glasgow, and may not be copied, published, or incorporated into other databases without the explicit permission of David J Taylor, Edinburgh" | "adsbdb — api.adsbdb.com" (courtesy); route data credited to David Taylor, Edinburgh, and Jim Mason, Glasgow |
+| **Planespotters.net** (`api.planespotters.net/pub/photos/hex/{hex}`) | One thumbnail photo of the tracked aircraft, by ICAO hex, in the CONTEXT panel's CONTACTS view under the tracked flight's name | [Planespotters photo API terms](https://www.planespotters.net/photo/api); each photo remains the copyright of its photographer. Thumbnails may be hotlinked on the condition that the photographer is named next to the photo and the photo links to its Planespotters page with a followable link | "Photo © {photographer}" beside every photo, linked to its Planespotters page; "Planespotters.net" in Data attribution |
 | **AISStream.io**                                                      | Live vessels (AIS)                                                                                                                  | Free, beta, no formal ToS; AIS is a public broadcast                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | "AISStream.io" (courtesy)                                                                                                                   |
 | **CelesTrak**                                                         | Satellite TLEs (SGP4) and SATCAT records (object type, operational status, owner) that file each satellite under a class                                                                                                            | US-government-origin data, no license; citation requested                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | "CelesTrak (celestrak.org), Dr. T.S. Kelso"                                                                                                 |
 | **The Space Devs — Launch Library 2 v2.3**                            | Recent launch, payload, stage, and recovery metadata for Space Missions (30d)                                                       | [The Space Devs terms of use](https://github.com/TheSpaceDevs/Tutorials/blob/main/faqs/faq_TSD.md#terms-of-use): data may be used and shared in any form; avoid forwarding it without added value; attribution is encouraged (not mandatory). [Official API limits](https://ll.thespacedevs.com/docs/): 15 unauthenticated calls/hour; optional token | "Launch Library 2 — The Space Devs" (courtesy attribution)                                                                                  |
@@ -200,7 +201,8 @@ The optional Local ADS-B layer and the broadcast-FM receiver use radio you recei
   contributors, ODbL 1.0; GPSJAM for aggregation only.
 
 
-- **adsbdb enrichment.** `/api/adsbdb` resolves an ICAO hex to aircraft type, model name and registration, and the tracked flight's callsign to an airline and an origin/destination pair. Fan-out is deliberately small because adsbdb is a free community API that publishes no quota: at most 4 requests in flight, dispatches dripped to roughly 5/s, and each key asked for at most once per session, with route lookups reserved for the tracked aircraft. The dev-server proxy caches each key for 24 hours in `.gev-cache/adsbdb.json`, negative answers included, so fresh entries survive server restarts. That gitignored cache remains local to the deployment and is not bundled with this repo. adsbdb publishes no general service license; its README says the route data may not be copied, published, or incorporated into other databases without the explicit permission of David J Taylor, Edinburgh. Deployers are responsible for obtaining any permission their use requires. Enrichment is best-effort and fail-silent — a flight that gets no answer keeps what the flight feed already gave it.
+- **adsbdb enrichment.** `/api/adsbdb` resolves an ICAO hex to aircraft type, model name and registration, and the tracked flight's callsign to an airline and an origin/destination pair. Fan-out is deliberately small because adsbdb is a free community API that publishes no quota: at most 4 requests in flight, dispatches dripped to roughly 5/s, and each key asked for at most once per session (for the flights layer's enrichment, a lookup that failed temporarily, such as an outage, a timeout, a rate limit or an authorization refusal that may clear, may be asked again after a 60-second cool-down; an answer, found or not, and a permanent refusal such as a 404 are final; Local ADS-B lookups are asked once), with route lookups reserved for the tracked aircraft. The dev-server proxy caches each key for 24 hours in `.gev-cache/adsbdb.json`, negative answers included, so fresh entries survive server restarts. That gitignored cache remains local to the deployment and is not bundled with this repo. adsbdb publishes no general service license; its README says the route data may not be copied, published, or incorporated into other databases without the explicit permission of David J Taylor, Edinburgh. Deployers are responsible for obtaining any permission their use requires. Enrichment is best-effort and fail-silent — a flight that gets no answer keeps what the flight feed already gave it.
+- **Planespotters photos.** When you track an aircraft, the browser asks `https://api.planespotters.net/pub/photos/hex/{hex}` directly (the API answers cross-origin, so no key and no server proxy are involved) for that aircraft only, once per hex per session, through the same enrichment queue as adsbdb, with an 8-second timeout. A miss is remembered for the session; a request that failed temporarily (an outage, the timeout or a rate limit) may be asked again after a 60-second cool-down while the aircraft stays tracked, as for the flights layer's other enrichment. Either way no photo shows meanwhile. The first photo whose image is an `https://` URL on `*.plnspttrs.net`, whose page is an `https://www.planespotters.net` URL, and which names its photographer is shown in the CONTEXT panel's CONTACTS view, under the tracked flight's name (`src/ui/views/panels/AwarenessPanel.vue`), and nowhere else; a vessel, an installation, a military aircraft or a converted TR-3B has none, and a military aircraft or TR-3B is never looked up. Anything else is dropped, so the app never shows or links outside Planespotters (`src/data/planespottersPhoto.js`, also exported as `gods-eye-view/sources/planespotters` for servers that cache the lookup). The photo follows the attribution rules: the thumbnail is hotlinked from the URL the API gives (never copied or re-hosted), the photographer's name is visible text next to it ("Photo © {photographer}"), and the photo and credit are a plain link to the photo's Planespotters page with `target="_blank" rel="noopener"` and never `rel="nofollow"`. If the image fails to load, the photo and its credit are hidden.
 - **Launch Library 2.** `/api/launches` makes a server-side rolling-30-day query against the supported v2.3 detailed launch endpoint, caches successful responses for 15 minutes in memory and on disk, and serves the last successful response during a throttle or transient outage. Anonymous access is limited to 15 calls/hour; deployments can provide `LL2_API_TOKEN` for authenticated access. The Space Devs' published terms permit using and sharing the API data in any form, ask users not to forward it without adding value, disclaim complete accuracy, and encourage—but do not require—attribution. This app keeps a courtesy credit. Payload and stage/recovery records are shown only when supplied. Failed launches expose their source status and never receive fallback orbit geometry or a live/estimated marker. LL2 supplies launch context and event timing, not continuous ascent telemetry or live orbital state.
 - **TfL JamCams.** The camera list comes from the keyless `api.tfl.gov.uk` endpoint (an optional `TFL_APP_KEY` raises its rate limit); frames come from TfL's public S3 bucket. The "Powered by TfL Open Data" attribution is required by TfL's terms and is registered in the Data attribution popover.
 - **Ontario 511 CCTV.** The camera list comes from the `511on.ca/api/v2/get/cameras` endpoint, which now requires a free developer key (`ONTARIO_511_API_KEY`: sign up at 511on.ca/my511/register, then request it while logged in at 511on.ca/developers/doc; throttled to 10 calls a minute). Without the key the pack is skipped. Frames are server-registered still images under `511on.ca/map/Cctv/`. The source is live-fetched at runtime and attributed under the Open Government Licence - Ontario. Access is governed by Ontario 511's Developer's Access Agreement (511on.ca/developers/resources): the data stays under the Open Government Licence - Ontario unless otherwise specified; key requests are reviewed case by case and ask for the intended use and any third parties that will receive the data; attribution by link to 511on.ca is encouraged, and the Ontario 511 logo may not be altered or used to imply endorsement (this app links and shows no logo); and the data is provided "as is", a disclaimer distributors should pass on, which the credit does.
@@ -538,4 +540,4 @@ NOAA density imagery with the raw GLM product.
 
 ## In-app attribution
 
-The required Google Maps / Cesium credit renders on the on-globe credit line (`#cesium-credits`, bottom-left) and must stay visible — including in clean-view and recording modes (the whole line, logo + "Google Maps" + the "Data attribution" link, stays on screen; only the GEV panels/HUD fade). The layer-specific credits (adsb.lol, adsbdb, TeleGeography, OSM datacenters/dams/roads, NASA FIRMS, CelesTrak, USGS, City of Austin, Fintraffic, GBFS, Radio Browser, OpenSky, AISStream) are registered into the expandable **"Data attribution"** popover on that credit line via `viewer.creditDisplay.addStaticCredit(new Cesium.Credit(html, /* showOnScreen */ false))` — see `src/data/dataCredits.js`. When you add a new data source, add its license and attribution to this file **and** append an entry to `DATA_CREDITS` in `src/data/dataCredits.js` so it surfaces in the app.
+The required Google Maps / Cesium credit renders on the on-globe credit line (`#cesium-credits`, bottom-left) and must stay visible — including in clean-view and recording modes (the whole line, logo + "Google Maps" + the "Data attribution" link, stays on screen; only the GEV panels/HUD fade). The layer-specific credits (adsb.lol, adsbdb, Planespotters.net, TeleGeography, OSM datacenters/dams/roads, NASA FIRMS, CelesTrak, USGS, City of Austin, Fintraffic, GBFS, Radio Browser, OpenSky, AISStream) are registered into the expandable **"Data attribution"** popover on that credit line via `viewer.creditDisplay.addStaticCredit(new Cesium.Credit(html, /* showOnScreen */ false))` — see `src/data/dataCredits.js`. When you add a new data source, add its license and attribution to this file **and** append an entry to `DATA_CREDITS` in `src/data/dataCredits.js` so it surfaces in the app.
diff --git a/docs/CODE-BOUNDARIES.md b/docs/CODE-BOUNDARIES.md
index e5b337a51..591db02dc 100644
--- a/docs/CODE-BOUNDARIES.md
+++ b/docs/CODE-BOUNDARIES.md
@@ -136,6 +136,9 @@ socket/watchdog on server close and re-reads configuration after restart.
 The portable `gods-eye-view/sources/adsb-lol` export normalizes existing aircraft
 records without importing Node middleware or a renderer. Browser layer/controller
 separation is outside this server extraction.
+The portable `gods-eye-view/sources/planespotters` export reads a Planespotters
+photo answer (upstream or a server's cached shape) into one host-checked,
+credited thumbnail; it has no fetch, DOM or Node dependency.
 
 ## Place-search and routing providers
 
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 91b7a56a4..5a92f2663 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -2812,6 +2812,17 @@ in `ais-store.js`. Common response caps, request coalescing and query parsing
 have their own modules. `server/providers/local.js` composes these with the
 remaining providers and retains existing named compatibility exports.
 
+The tracked flight also gets a photo. The browser asks Planespotters for it
+directly (`src/sources/live/standalone.js`, read by
+`src/data/planespottersPhoto.js`), once per aircraft, and the CONTEXT panel's
+CONTACTS view shows it under the flight's name with the photographer's credit
+and a link to the photo's page. Military aircraft and a converted TR-3B are
+never looked up. A flight lookup (type, route or photo) whose source failed
+temporarily is asked again after a 60-second cool-down while the aircraft
+stays in view or tracked; an answer, found or not, and a permanent refusal
+stay final for the session. A route belongs to the callsign it was looked up
+for, so a callsign change drops the old route. See `DATA_SOURCES.md`.
+
 `gods-eye-view/server/providers/live` is a Node-only entry for the existing
 plugins and shared request helpers. Importing it starts no sockets or timers.
 The existing aircraft normalizer is separately available through the portable
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 76808c084..84b34d528 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@
       "node": "./server/providers/live.js"
     },
     "./sources/adsb-lol": "./src/data/adsbLolFallback.js",
+    "./sources/planespotters": "./src/data/planespottersPhoto.js",
     "./server/providers/places": {
       "node": "./server/providers/places.js"
     },
diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index 703aca438..85ca44bdd 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -242,6 +242,11 @@
     "modules": ["src/data/adsbLolFallback.js", "src/sources/adsbFields.js"],
     "external": []
   },
+  "planespotters-source": {
+    "exports": ["./sources/planespotters"],
+    "modules": ["src/data/planespottersPhoto.js"],
+    "external": []
+  },
   "place-providers": {
     "runtime": "node",
     "exports": ["./server/providers/places"],
@@ -1395,7 +1400,8 @@
       "src/sources/live/contract.js",
       "src/sources/live/index.js",
       "src/sources/live/standalone.js",
-      "src/sources/live/vessels.js"
+      "src/sources/live/vessels.js",
+      "src/data/planespottersPhoto.js"
     ],
     "external": []
   },
@@ -1462,7 +1468,8 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
       "src/ui/unitLabels.js",
       "src/time/worldClock.js",
-      "src/time/julian.js"
+      "src/time/julian.js",
+      "src/data/planespottersPhoto.js"
     ],
     "external": ["cesium"]
   },
@@ -3438,7 +3445,8 @@
       "src/layers/satellites/classes.js",
       "src/layers/satellites/sensors.js",
       "src/data/ucsSatellites.js",
-      "src/data/imagingSensors.js"
+      "src/data/imagingSensors.js",
+      "src/data/planespottersPhoto.js"
     ],
     "external": [
       "hls.js",
@@ -4098,7 +4106,8 @@
       "src/layers/satellites/classes.js",
       "src/layers/satellites/sensors.js",
       "src/data/ucsSatellites.js",
-      "src/data/imagingSensors.js"
+      "src/data/imagingSensors.js",
+      "src/data/planespottersPhoto.js"
     ],
     "external": [
       "hls.js",
@@ -5244,7 +5253,8 @@
       "src/layers/satellites/classes.js",
       "src/layers/satellites/sensors.js",
       "src/data/ucsSatellites.js",
-      "src/data/imagingSensors.js"
+      "src/data/imagingSensors.js",
+      "src/data/planespottersPhoto.js"
     ],
     "external": ["@mapbox/vector-tile", "pbf"]
   },
diff --git a/scripts/qa-cockpit-utility.mjs b/scripts/qa-cockpit-utility.mjs
index c5a94018f..a342a5cdf 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-cockpit-utility.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-cockpit-utility.mjs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
 import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
+import { stubPlanespotters } from './qa-photo-stub.mjs';
 
 const repoRoot = path.resolve(path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), '..');
 const shotsDir = path.join(repoRoot, 'qa-shots', 'cockpit-utility');
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
   ],
 });
 const page = await browser.newPage();
+await stubPlanespotters(page);
 const failures = [];
 const consoleErrors = [];
 const localHttpErrors = [];
@@ -825,6 +827,7 @@ try {
   // a legitimate retained snapshot cannot satisfy or invalidate a FIRST-fetch
   // assertion when camera motion supersedes the manager's initial update.
   const readinessPage = await browser.newPage();
+  await stubPlanespotters(readinessPage);
   let deferredInstallationReadiness;
   try {
     await readinessPage.setViewport({ width: 1440, height: 900 });
diff --git a/scripts/qa-context-arrivals.mjs b/scripts/qa-context-arrivals.mjs
index 72a6ffab8..704d34a6b 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-context-arrivals.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-context-arrivals.mjs
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
+import { stubPlanespotters } from './qa-photo-stub.mjs';
 import { createScreencast, moveCamera } from './qa-journey-recorder.mjs';
 
 const argv = process.argv.slice(2);
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
 
 async function openPage({ aircraft = false } = {}) {
   const page = await browser.newPage();
+  await stubPlanespotters(page);
   await page.setViewport({ width: 1440, height: 900 });
   page.on('console', (message) => {
     if (message.type() === 'error') result.consoleErrors.push(message.text());
diff --git a/scripts/qa-emergency-squawk.mjs b/scripts/qa-emergency-squawk.mjs
index f877ea659..aeedd6125 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-emergency-squawk.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-emergency-squawk.mjs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
  */
 
 import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
+import { stubPlanespotters } from './qa-photo-stub.mjs';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
@@ -223,6 +224,7 @@ async function main() {
   const errors = [];
   try {
     const page = await browser.newPage();
+    await stubPlanespotters(page);
     await page.setViewport({ width: 1440, height: 900 });
     page.on('pageerror', (e) => errors.push(e.message));
     const { lon, lat } = CENTER;
diff --git a/scripts/qa-focus-evidence.mjs b/scripts/qa-focus-evidence.mjs
index 1baaf6083..cae1c5c72 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-focus-evidence.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-focus-evidence.mjs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import fs from 'node:fs';
 import os from 'node:os';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
+import { stubPlanespotters } from './qa-photo-stub.mjs';
 
 const argv = process.argv.slice(2);
 const getOpt = (name, fallback = null) => {
@@ -651,6 +652,7 @@ async function main() {
     ],
   });
   const page = await browser.newPage();
+  await stubPlanespotters(page);
   await page.setViewport(VIEWPORT);
   const consoleMessages = [];
   page.on('console', (message) => {
diff --git a/scripts/qa-heading-b3.mjs b/scripts/qa-heading-b3.mjs
index cbba1b88e..fb33654b1 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-heading-b3.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-heading-b3.mjs
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
+import { stubPlanespotters } from './qa-photo-stub.mjs';
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Args (same shape as track-regression.mjs)
@@ -466,6 +467,7 @@ async function main() {
   const failedResponses = [];
   try {
     const page = await browser.newPage();
+    await stubPlanespotters(page);
     await page.setViewport({ width: 1280, height: 800 });
     page.on('console', (msg) => {
       if (msg.type() === 'error') {
diff --git a/scripts/qa-photo-stub.mjs b/scripts/qa-photo-stub.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43dd2becb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/qa-photo-stub.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/**
+ * Keep browser QA off third-party aircraft photo services.
+ *
+ * Tracking a civil flight asks Planespotters for the aircraft's photo. QA
+ * runs track synthetic hexes, so a real request only adds a third-party
+ * dependency and, when the service refuses a headless browser, a console
+ * error that fails the "no console errors" checks. Every photo lookup is
+ * answered with no photos instead, without leaving the browser.
+ */
+
+/** Origin of the aircraft photo lookup. */
+export const PLANESPOTTERS_ORIGIN = 'https://api.planespotters.net';
+
+/** The answer every stubbed lookup gets: no photos for this aircraft. */
+export const PLANESPOTTERS_EMPTY_BODY = JSON.stringify({ photos: [] });
+
+/** Whether a URL is a photo lookup the stub answers. */
+export function isPlanespottersRequest(url) {
+  try {
+    return new URL(String(url)).origin === PLANESPOTTERS_ORIGIN;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Answer an intercepted photo lookup from a page that already uses request
+ * interception. Returns false for any other request, which the caller
+ * handles as before.
+ * @param {import('puppeteer').HTTPRequest} request
+ * @returns {boolean} Whether the request was answered.
+ */
+export function respondToPlanespotters(request) {
+  if (!isPlanespottersRequest(request.url())) return false;
+  request.respond({
+    status: 200,
+    contentType: 'application/json',
+    headers: { 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*' },
+    body: PLANESPOTTERS_EMPTY_BODY,
+  });
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Stub photo lookups in a page that does not intercept requests: wraps
+ * `fetch` before any app code runs, so a lookup never reaches the network.
+ * Composes with other `fetch` shims in either order.
+ * @param {import('puppeteer').Page} page
+ * @returns {Promise<void>}
+ */
+export async function stubPlanespotters(page) {
+  await page.evaluateOnNewDocument(
+    (origin, body) => {
+      const original = window.fetch.bind(window);
+      window.fetch = (input, init) => {
+        const href =
+          typeof input === 'string' ? input : input?.url || String(input);
+        let target = '';
+        try {
+          target = new URL(href, location.href).origin;
+        } catch {
+          /* not a URL */
+        }
+        if (target === origin) {
+          return Promise.resolve(
+            new Response(body, {
+              status: 200,
+              headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+            }),
+          );
+        }
+        return original(input, init);
+      };
+    },
+    PLANESPOTTERS_ORIGIN,
+    PLANESPOTTERS_EMPTY_BODY,
+  );
+}
diff --git a/scripts/qa-sprites-b5.mjs b/scripts/qa-sprites-b5.mjs
index a70eb1b2d..7e5b824c0 100644
--- a/scripts/qa-sprites-b5.mjs
+++ b/scripts/qa-sprites-b5.mjs
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
+import { stubPlanespotters } from './qa-photo-stub.mjs';
 import { classifyAircraft, CLASS_SCALE_2D, CLASS_SCALE_3D, CLASS_MODEL_REAL } from '../src/data/aircraftClass.js';
 // Hangar fleet (2026-08-16): real per-class GLBs render at scale 1; military
 // heavies (airliner/quadjet/glider) render airplane.glb at 1 x class; only
@@ -186,6 +187,7 @@ async function main() {
   const httpErrors = [];
   try {
     const page = await browser.newPage();
+    await stubPlanespotters(page);
     await page.setViewport({ width: 1280, height: 800 });
     page.on('console', (msg) => {
       if (msg.type() === 'error') {
diff --git a/scripts/track-regression.mjs b/scripts/track-regression.mjs
index 16c345db5..d2e04609b 100644
--- a/scripts/track-regression.mjs
+++ b/scripts/track-regression.mjs
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@
 
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
+import { respondToPlanespotters } from './qa-photo-stub.mjs';
 import { arrivalAngleViolated, arrivalRotationPassed } from '../src/tooling/trackArrivalObservation.mjs';
 import { classifyAircraft, CLASS_SCALE_3D, CLASS_MODEL_REAL } from '../src/data/aircraftClass.js';
 import { ensureGeoidReady, geoidHeight } from '../src/data/geoid.js';
@@ -287,6 +288,8 @@ async function main() {
         });
         return;
       }
+      // Aircraft photo lookups never reach the third party: no photos.
+      if (respondToPlanespotters(request)) return;
       if (url.origin === APP_ORIGIN && url.pathname === '/api/openai/hud-summary') {
         request.respond({
           status: 200,
diff --git a/src/data/dataCredits.js b/src/data/dataCredits.js
index 6b972fc28..7413f1bab 100644
--- a/src/data/dataCredits.js
+++ b/src/data/dataCredits.js
@@ -134,6 +134,13 @@ export const DATA_CREDITS = [
       'copied, published, or incorporated into other databases without the ' +
       'explicit permission of David J Taylor, Edinburgh',
   },
+  {
+    key: 'planespotters',
+    html:
+      'Aircraft photos: ' +
+      '<a href="https://www.planespotters.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Planespotters.net</a> ' +
+      '· each photo is © its photographer, credited beside it',
+  },
   {
     key: 'aisstream',
     html:
diff --git a/src/data/dataCredits.test.mjs b/src/data/dataCredits.test.mjs
index ef20250fc..e0c85623a 100644
--- a/src/data/dataCredits.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/dataCredits.test.mjs
@@ -43,6 +43,13 @@ test('adsbdb is credited and carries its published route-data restriction', () =
   assert.match(credit.html, /href="https:\/\/www\.adsbdb\.com"/);
 });
 
+test('Planespotters is credited with a plain followable link', () => {
+  const credit = DATA_CREDITS.find((entry) => entry.key === 'planespotters');
+  assert.ok(credit, 'the tracked aircraft photos come from Planespotters');
+  assert.match(credit.html, /href="https:\/\/www\.planespotters\.net"/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(credit.html, /nofollow/);
+});
+
 test('the UCS Satellite Database is acknowledged with its version and webpage', () => {
   // UCS database manual, section 3: references name the version (the Excel
   // file's name) and link www.ucsusa.org/satellite_database.
diff --git a/src/data/flights.js b/src/data/flights.js
index 6e2d35dbc..815ae41ed 100644
--- a/src/data/flights.js
+++ b/src/data/flights.js
@@ -40,5 +40,7 @@ export const _driveFleetModelHandoffForTest =
   flightsLayer.testing._driveFleetModelHandoffForTest;
 export const _ensureFleetModelForTest =
   flightsLayer.testing._ensureFleetModelForTest;
+export const _resetEnrichmentForTest =
+  flightsLayer.testing._resetEnrichmentForTest;
 export const mapAnalystRecord = flightsLayer.mapAnalystRecord;
 export default flightsLayer;
diff --git a/src/data/flights.test.mjs b/src/data/flights.test.mjs
index 1d6007e8f..5005723d9 100644
--- a/src/data/flights.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/flights.test.mjs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // src/data/flights.test.mjs
 // Focused tests for the pure analyst-record mapper (analyst query engine seam).
 // Pure function — no viewer/DOM needed; imported directly.
-import { test } from 'node:test';
+import { after, afterEach, before, test } from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
 import flightsLayer, {
@@ -14,9 +14,14 @@ import flightsLayer, {
   _setTrackedFlightRefreshStateForTest,
   _floorGroundedDisplayPositionForTest,
   _clearDisplayFloorStateForTest,
+  _resetEnrichmentForTest,
   mapAnalystRecord,
 } from './flights.js';
-import { setMilitaryLayerActive } from './militaryRegistry.js';
+import {
+  isMilitaryLayerActive,
+  registerMilitaryIcaos,
+  setMilitaryLayerActive,
+} from './militaryRegistry.js';
 import {
   GROUND_FLOOR_LIFT_M,
   reportMeshFloorCell,
@@ -31,6 +36,31 @@ import {
   initTrackedReadout,
 } from './trackedReadout.js';
 
+// Unit tests never reach the network. A test that tracks a plane queues its
+// enrichment (type, route, photo), so every test ends on an empty queue, and a
+// fetch of any absolute URL fails the test it happened in. A test that needs
+// answers installs its own fetch and restores this one.
+const nodeFetch = globalThis.fetch;
+const networkRequests = [];
+before(() => {
+  globalThis.fetch = async (url) => {
+    const href = String(url?.url ?? url);
+    if (/^https?:\/\//i.test(href)) networkRequests.push(href);
+    throw new TypeError(`Failed to parse URL from ${href}`);
+  };
+});
+afterEach(() => {
+  _resetEnrichmentForTest();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    networkRequests.splice(0),
+    [],
+    'no test reaches the network',
+  );
+});
+after(() => {
+  globalThis.fetch = nodeFetch;
+});
+
 test('share-Follow absence requires an accepted OpenSky snapshot', async () => {
   _setFlightTrackingRefreshOutcomeForTest({ status: 'source-unavailable' });
   assert.equal(
@@ -404,6 +434,232 @@ test('flights poll refreshes tracked callsign/FL/kts and marks a missed poll STA
   }
 });
 
+test('a tracked plane whose photo lookup failed asks again on the first poll after the cool-down', async (t) => {
+  const icao24 = 'b2c3d4';
+  const realNow = Date.now.bind(Date);
+  let offsetMs = 0;
+  t.mock.method(Date, 'now', () => realNow() + offsetMs);
+  const entity = { gevLabelModel: { title: 'OLD', details: [] } };
+  const viewer = { camera: { positionCartographic: null }, scene: {} };
+  _setTrackedFlightRefreshStateForTest({
+    icao24,
+    entity,
+    billboard: {
+      position: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-97.7, 30.2, 9_000),
+      color: Cesium.Color.WHITE,
+      show: false,
+    },
+    billboardCollection: { show: false, remove() {} },
+    viewer,
+    meta: {
+      callsign: 'UAL9',
+      altitude: 9_000,
+      renderAltitudeM: 9_050,
+      velocity: 180,
+      true_track: 80,
+      klass: 'airliner',
+      onGround: false,
+      wasAirborne: true,
+      turnRateDps: 0,
+      rawLat: 30.2,
+      rawLon: -97.7,
+    },
+  });
+  let callsign = 'UAL9 ';
+  const photoRequests = [];
+  const routeRequests = [];
+  const guardFetch = globalThis.fetch;
+  globalThis.fetch = async (url) => {
+    url = String(url);
+    if (url.startsWith('https://api.planespotters.net/')) {
+      photoRequests.push(url);
+      return { ok: false, status: 503, json: async () => ({}) };
+    }
+    if (url.startsWith('/api/adsbdb/route/UAL')) routeRequests.push(url);
+    if (!url.startsWith('/api/flights'))
+      return { ok: true, status: 200, json: async () => ({ found: false }) };
+    const nowSec = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      status: 200,
+      headers: { get: () => null },
+      json: async () => ({
+        time: nowSec,
+        states: [
+          [
+            icao24,
+            callsign,
+            'United States',
+            nowSec,
+            nowSec,
+            -97.6,
+            30.3,
+            10_668,
+            false,
+            250,
+            95,
+            5,
+            null,
+            10_700,
+            null,
+            null,
+            null,
+            5,
+          ],
+        ],
+      }),
+    };
+  };
+  // Lookups drip out one per 200 ms. Wait for what must arrive (with a
+  // generous deadline, so a loaded machine cannot fail it), then a little
+  // longer so anything that must NOT arrive would have.
+  const until = async (ready) => {
+    const deadline = realNow() + 5_000;
+    while (!ready() && realNow() < deadline)
+      await new Promise((done) => setTimeout(done, 20));
+    await new Promise((done) => setTimeout(done, 450));
+  };
+  try {
+    await flightsLayer.update(viewer);
+    await until(() => photoRequests.length >= 1 && routeRequests.length >= 1);
+    assert.equal(photoRequests.length, 1, 'the first poll asks for the photo');
+    assert.deepEqual(routeRequests, ['/api/adsbdb/route/UAL9']);
+
+    // Well inside the 60 s cool-down, and well past it below, so real time
+    // spent between polls cannot move either side across the line.
+    offsetMs += 30_000;
+    callsign = 'UAL10 ';
+    await flightsLayer.update(viewer);
+    await until(() => routeRequests.length >= 2);
+    assert.equal(photoRequests.length, 1, 'not within the cool-down');
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      routeRequests,
+      ['/api/adsbdb/route/UAL9', '/api/adsbdb/route/UAL10'],
+      'the route follows the callsign the poll just recorded',
+    );
+
+    offsetMs += 60_000;
+    await flightsLayer.update(viewer);
+    await until(() => photoRequests.length >= 2);
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      photoRequests,
+      [
+        'https://api.planespotters.net/pub/photos/hex/b2c3d4',
+        'https://api.planespotters.net/pub/photos/hex/b2c3d4',
+      ],
+      'asked again on the first poll after the cool-down',
+    );
+  } finally {
+    globalThis.fetch = guardFetch;
+    // The moved clock dated this layer's dispatch and cool-downs into the
+    // future; reset before the real clock comes back.
+    _resetEnrichmentForTest();
+    t.mock.restoreAll();
+  }
+});
+
+test('a known-military aircraft tracked in the flights layer is never looked up and shows no photo', async () => {
+  const icao24 = 'ae5e01';
+  // The registry has no way to forget one hex (only a whole-registry reset,
+  // which would also drop its source), so the test uses a hex no other test
+  // reads and restores the layer-active flag it changes.
+  const militaryWasActive = isMilitaryLayerActive();
+  registerMilitaryIcaos([icao24]);
+  setMilitaryLayerActive(false);
+  const viewer = { camera: { positionCartographic: null }, scene: {} };
+  _setTrackedFlightRefreshStateForTest({
+    icao24,
+    entity: { gevLabelModel: { title: 'OLD', details: [] } },
+    billboard: {
+      position: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-97.7, 30.2, 9_000),
+      color: Cesium.Color.WHITE,
+      show: false,
+    },
+    billboardCollection: { show: false, remove() {} },
+    viewer,
+    meta: {
+      callsign: 'RCH123',
+      altitude: 9_000,
+      renderAltitudeM: 9_050,
+      velocity: 180,
+      true_track: 80,
+      klass: 'airliner',
+      onGround: false,
+      wasAirborne: true,
+      turnRateDps: 0,
+      rawLat: 30.2,
+      rawLon: -97.7,
+      // Even a photo already on the record is never shown.
+      photo: {
+        src: 'https://t.plnspttrs.net/1/ae5e01_280.jpg',
+        width: 280,
+        height: 186,
+        photographer: 'Jane Doe',
+        link: 'https://www.planespotters.net/photo/1/x',
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const photoRequests = [];
+  const routeRequests = [];
+  const guardFetch = globalThis.fetch;
+  globalThis.fetch = async (url) => {
+    url = String(url);
+    if (url.startsWith('https://api.planespotters.net/')) {
+      photoRequests.push(url);
+      return { ok: false, status: 503, json: async () => ({}) };
+    }
+    if (url.startsWith('/api/adsbdb/route/')) routeRequests.push(url);
+    if (!url.startsWith('/api/flights'))
+      return { ok: true, status: 200, json: async () => ({ found: false }) };
+    const nowSec = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      status: 200,
+      headers: { get: () => null },
+      json: async () => ({
+        time: nowSec,
+        states: [
+          [
+            icao24,
+            'RCH123 ',
+            'United States',
+            nowSec,
+            nowSec,
+            -97.6,
+            30.3,
+            10_668,
+            false,
+            250,
+            95,
+            5,
+            null,
+            10_700,
+            null,
+            null,
+            null,
+            5,
+          ],
+        ],
+      }),
+    };
+  };
+  try {
+    await flightsLayer.update(viewer);
+    // A photo lookup would go out ahead of the route; wait for the route.
+    const deadline = Date.now() + 5_000;
+    while (!routeRequests.length && Date.now() < deadline)
+      await new Promise((done) => setTimeout(done, 20));
+    assert.deepEqual(routeRequests, ['/api/adsbdb/route/RCH123']);
+    assert.deepEqual(photoRequests, [], 'no photo lookup for a military hex');
+    assert.equal(flightsLayer.getTrackedInfo()?.icao24, icao24);
+    assert.equal(flightsLayer.getTrackedInfo()?.photo, null);
+    assert.equal(flightsLayer.getTrackedSubject()?.photo, null);
+  } finally {
+    globalThis.fetch = guardFetch;
+    setMilitaryLayerActive(militaryWasActive);
+  }
+});
+
 test('real civil track path creates no native label and publishes every cached host line', async () => {
   const icao24 = 'civ001';
   const position = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-97.6699, 30.1945, 10_668);
diff --git a/src/data/militaryAwareness.test.mjs b/src/data/militaryAwareness.test.mjs
index 98743b03c..430ca3362 100644
--- a/src/data/militaryAwareness.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/militaryAwareness.test.mjs
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ test('a dependency the user adopts stays on when Contacts turns off', async () =
     assert.deepEqual(
       released,
       AWARENESS_DEPENDENCIES.filter((layerId) => layerId !== 'flights').sort(),
-      'the adopted layer is the user\'s now; the rest are still released',
+      "the adopted layer is the user's now; the rest are still released",
     );
   } finally {
     runtime.restore();
@@ -1118,6 +1118,92 @@ test('production military tracked-subject label falls back to registration befor
   }
 });
 
+test('the tracked airliner’s photo reaches the Contacts panel when it lands after selection', async () => {
+  const id = 'a1f2c3';
+  const position = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-97.71, 30.21, 10_668);
+  const sourceViewer = { camera: { positionCartographic: null }, scene: {} };
+  const runtime = installAwarenessRuntime();
+  const restores = [];
+  const meta = {
+    callsign: 'AAL100',
+    altitude: 10_668,
+    renderAltitudeM: 10_700,
+    velocity: 250,
+    true_track: 95,
+    klass: 'airliner',
+    onGround: false,
+    wasAirborne: true,
+    turnRateDps: 0,
+    rawLat: 30.21,
+    rawLon: -97.71,
+    photo: null,
+  };
+
+  try {
+    _setTrackedFlightRefreshStateForTest({
+      icao24: id,
+      entity: null,
+      billboard: { position, color: Cesium.Color.WHITE, show: true },
+      billboardCollection: { show: true, remove() {} },
+      viewer: sourceViewer,
+      meta,
+    });
+    runtime.viewer.trackedEntity = { gevTrackedId: `flights:${id}` };
+    replaceMethod(
+      militaryFlightsLayer,
+      'getTrackedSubject',
+      () => null,
+      restores,
+    );
+    replaceMethod(flightsLayer, 'trackById', () => true, restores);
+    replaceMethod(militaryFlightsLayer, 'trackById', () => true, restores);
+
+    militaryAwarenessLayer.setParams({ passive: false });
+    await nextTurn();
+    assert.equal(runtime.panel().view?.kind, 'results');
+    assert.equal(runtime.panel().view.photo, null, 'no photo before it lands');
+
+    // An unchanged refresh stays quiet.
+    const settledPublishes = runtime.panel().publishes;
+    await militaryAwarenessLayer.update();
+    assert.equal(runtime.panel().publishes, settledPublishes);
+
+    // The photo lands while the plane holds still: render-worthy on its own.
+    meta.photo = {
+      src: 'https://t.plnspttrs.net/1/a1f2c3_280.jpg',
+      width: 280,
+      height: 186,
+      photographer: 'Jane Doe',
+      link: 'https://www.planespotters.net/photo/1/n100aa',
+    };
+    await militaryAwarenessLayer.update();
+    assert.deepEqual(runtime.panel().view.photo, {
+      src: 'https://t.plnspttrs.net/1/a1f2c3_280.jpg',
+      width: 280,
+      height: 186,
+      link: 'https://www.planespotters.net/photo/1/n100aa',
+      credit: 'Photo © Jane Doe',
+    });
+
+    // And it repaints once, not on every refresh.
+    const shownPublishes = runtime.panel().publishes;
+    await militaryAwarenessLayer.update();
+    assert.equal(runtime.panel().publishes, shownPublishes);
+  } finally {
+    restores.reverse().forEach((restore) => restore());
+    _setTrackedFlightRefreshStateForTest({
+      icao24: id,
+      entity: null,
+      billboard: { position, show: true },
+      billboardCollection: { show: false, remove() {} },
+      viewer: sourceViewer,
+      meta: {},
+      tracked: false,
+    });
+    runtime.restore();
+  }
+});
+
 test('a cached Context subject re-reads its label when enrichment lands after selection', async () => {
   // The subject snapshot is captured once at selection. Selecting a
   // callsign-less aircraft BEFORE adsbdb enrichment answers used to freeze the
diff --git a/src/data/planespottersPhoto.js b/src/data/planespottersPhoto.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8346df49f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/planespottersPhoto.js
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/**
+ * @module planespottersPhoto
+ * @description Reads a Planespotters photo answer into the one credited
+ * thumbnail every surface shows. Planespotters lets the thumbnail be hotlinked
+ * on the condition that the photographer is credited next to it and the image
+ * links back to the photo's page, so a photo without a photographer, or whose
+ * image or page is not on Planespotters' own hosts, is "no photo": nothing
+ * arbitrary is ever shown or linked.
+ *
+ * Accepts the upstream answer (`GET https://api.planespotters.net/pub/photos/hex/{hex}`,
+ * `{photos: [...]}`), the cached server shape
+ * (`{found, thumbnail_large?, thumbnail: {src, width, height}, photographer,
+ * link}`), and an
+ * already-read photo (`{found, src, width, height, photographer, link}`).
+ * Pure: no fetch, no DOM.
+ */
+
+/** The image host: Planespotters' thumbnail CDN and its subdomains. */
+const IMAGE_HOST = 'plnspttrs.net';
+/** The only page host a photo may link to. */
+const PAGE_HOST = 'www.planespotters.net';
+
+const NO_PHOTO = Object.freeze({ found: false });
+
+const isObject = (value) => Boolean(value) && typeof value === 'object';
+
+/** The parsed `https:` URL, or null for anything else or with userinfo/port. */
+function httpsUrl(value) {
+  if (typeof value !== 'string' || !value) return null;
+  let url;
+  try {
+    url = new URL(value);
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (url.protocol !== 'https:' || url.username || url.password || url.port)
+    return null;
+  return url;
+}
+
+function imageSrc(value) {
+  const url = httpsUrl(value);
+  return url &&
+    (url.hostname === IMAGE_HOST || url.hostname.endsWith(`.${IMAGE_HOST}`))
+    ? url.href
+    : null;
+}
+
+function pageLink(value) {
+  const url = httpsUrl(value);
+  return url && url.hostname === PAGE_HOST ? url.href : null;
+}
+
+function dimension(value) {
+  const number = Number(value);
+  return value != null && Number.isFinite(number) && number > 0
+    ? Math.round(number)
+    : null;
+}
+
+/** One candidate `{src, width, height, photographer, link}`, checked. */
+function checked({ src, width, height, photographer, link }) {
+  const credit = typeof photographer === 'string' ? photographer.trim() : '';
+  const image = imageSrc(src);
+  const page = pageLink(link);
+  if (!credit || !image || !page) return null;
+  return {
+    found: true,
+    src: image,
+    width: dimension(width),
+    height: dimension(height),
+    photographer: credit,
+    link: page,
+  };
+}
+
+/** The upstream photo's candidates, large thumbnail first. */
+function upstreamCandidates(photo) {
+  if (!photo || typeof photo !== 'object') return [];
+  return [photo.thumbnail_large, photo.thumbnail]
+    .filter((thumb) => thumb && typeof thumb === 'object')
+    .map((thumb) => ({
+      src: thumb.src,
+      width: thumb.size?.width,
+      height: thumb.size?.height,
+      photographer: photo.photographer,
+      link: photo.link,
+    }));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read a Planespotters answer into the first photo that passes the checks.
+ * @param {*} payload Upstream, cached-server, or already-read photo.
+ * @returns {{found: true, src: string, width: ?number, height: ?number,
+ *   photographer: string, link: string} | {found: false}}
+ */
+export function parsePlanespottersPhoto(payload) {
+  if (!payload || typeof payload !== 'object') return NO_PHOTO;
+  let candidates;
+  if (Array.isArray(payload.photos)) {
+    candidates = payload.photos.flatMap(upstreamCandidates);
+  } else if (payload.found !== true) {
+    return NO_PHOTO;
+  } else if (isObject(payload.thumbnail) || isObject(payload.thumbnail_large)) {
+    // Large first, as for the upstream answer; each must pass the checks.
+    candidates = [payload.thumbnail_large, payload.thumbnail]
+      .filter(isObject)
+      .map((thumb) => ({
+        ...thumb,
+        photographer: payload.photographer,
+        link: payload.link,
+      }));
+  } else {
+    candidates = [payload];
+  }
+  for (const candidate of candidates) {
+    const photo = checked(candidate);
+    if (photo) return photo;
+  }
+  return NO_PHOTO;
+}
diff --git a/src/data/planespottersPhoto.test.mjs b/src/data/planespottersPhoto.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e051367f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/planespottersPhoto.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+// src/data/planespottersPhoto.test.mjs — the Planespotters photo answer is read
+// into one credited thumbnail, and nothing outside Planespotters' own hosts is
+// ever shown or linked.
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { parsePlanespottersPhoto } from './planespottersPhoto.js';
+
+const UPSTREAM = Object.freeze({
+  photos: [
+    {
+      id: '1745410',
+      thumbnail: {
+        src: 'https://t.plnspttrs.net/33043/1745410_822dfe330c_t.jpg',
+        size: { width: 200, height: 133 },
+      },
+      thumbnail_large: {
+        src: 'https://t.plnspttrs.net/33043/1745410_822dfe330c_280.jpg',
+        size: { width: 420, height: 280 },
+      },
+      link: 'https://www.planespotters.net/photo/1745410/n160an-american-airlines-airbus-a321-231-wl?utm_source=api',
+      photographer: 'Jan Seler',
+    },
+  ],
+});
+
+const PHOTO = Object.freeze({
+  found: true,
+  src: 'https://t.plnspttrs.net/33043/1745410_822dfe330c_280.jpg',
+  width: 420,
+  height: 280,
+  photographer: 'Jan Seler',
+  link: 'https://www.planespotters.net/photo/1745410/n160an-american-airlines-airbus-a321-231-wl?utm_source=api',
+});
+
+const photo = (overrides) => ({
+  photos: [{ ...UPSTREAM.photos[0], ...overrides }],
+});
+
+test('the upstream answer maps to the large thumbnail, its size, credit and link', () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(parsePlanespottersPhoto(UPSTREAM), PHOTO);
+});
+
+test('the small thumbnail stands in when the large one is missing', () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(parsePlanespottersPhoto(photo({ thumbnail_large: null })), {
+    ...PHOTO,
+    src: 'https://t.plnspttrs.net/33043/1745410_822dfe330c_t.jpg',
+    width: 200,
+    height: 133,
+  });
+});
+
+test('a server’s cached shape reads the same way', () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    parsePlanespottersPhoto({
+      found: true,
+      thumbnail: { src: PHOTO.src, width: 420, height: 280 },
+      photographer: 'Jan Seler',
+      link: PHOTO.link,
+    }),
+    PHOTO,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(parsePlanespottersPhoto({ found: false }), {
+    found: false,
+  });
+});
+
+test('a server’s cached shape prefers its large thumbnail', () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    parsePlanespottersPhoto({
+      found: true,
+      thumbnail: {
+        src: 'https://t.plnspttrs.net/33043/1745410_822dfe330c_t.jpg',
+        width: 200,
+        height: 133,
+      },
+      thumbnail_large: { src: PHOTO.src, width: 420, height: 280 },
+      photographer: 'Jan Seler',
+      link: PHOTO.link,
+    }),
+    PHOTO,
+  );
+});
+
+test('a server’s cached shape falls back to its small thumbnail when the large one fails the checks', () => {
+  const small = {
+    src: 'https://t.plnspttrs.net/33043/1745410_822dfe330c_t.jpg',
+    width: 200,
+    height: 133,
+  };
+  for (const thumbnail_large of [
+    { src: 'https://evil.example/a.jpg', width: 420, height: 280 },
+    null,
+  ]) {
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      parsePlanespottersPhoto({
+        found: true,
+        thumbnail: small,
+        thumbnail_large,
+        photographer: 'Jan Seler',
+        link: PHOTO.link,
+      }),
+      { ...PHOTO, ...small },
+      JSON.stringify(thumbnail_large),
+    );
+  }
+});
+
+test('no photo, junk, and missing fields are "no photo"', () => {
+  for (const payload of [
+    { photos: [] },
+    {},
+    null,
+    undefined,
+    'nope',
+    { photos: 'nope' },
+    { photos: [null] },
+    photo({ photographer: '' }),
+    photo({ photographer: '   ' }),
+    photo({ photographer: 42 }),
+    photo({ link: '' }),
+    photo({ thumbnail: null, thumbnail_large: null }),
+  ]) {
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      parsePlanespottersPhoto(payload),
+      { found: false },
+      JSON.stringify(payload),
+    );
+  }
+});
+
+test('a src outside https *.plnspttrs.net is dropped', () => {
+  for (const src of [
+    'http://t.plnspttrs.net/a.jpg',
+    'https://plnspttrs.net.evil.example/a.jpg',
+    'https://evil.example/t.plnspttrs.net/a.jpg',
+    'https://t.plnspttrs.net.evil.example/a.jpg',
+    'https://user@t.plnspttrs.net/a.jpg',
+    'https://t.plnspttrs.net:8443/a.jpg',
+    'javascript:alert(1)',
+    '//t.plnspttrs.net/a.jpg',
+    'not a url',
+  ]) {
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      parsePlanespottersPhoto(
+        photo({
+          thumbnail_large: { src, size: { width: 420, height: 280 } },
+          thumbnail: { src, size: { width: 200, height: 133 } },
+        }),
+      ),
+      { found: false },
+      src,
+    );
+  }
+});
+
+test('a link anywhere but https://www.planespotters.net is dropped', () => {
+  for (const link of [
+    'http://www.planespotters.net/photo/1',
+    'https://planespotters.net/photo/1',
+    'https://www.planespotters.net.evil.example/photo/1',
+    'https://evil.example/?u=https://www.planespotters.net/',
+    'https://user:pw@www.planespotters.net/photo/1',
+    'https://www.planespotters.net:444/photo/1',
+    'javascript:alert(1)',
+  ]) {
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      parsePlanespottersPhoto(photo({ link })),
+      { found: false },
+      link,
+    );
+  }
+});
+
+test('the first photo that passes the checks is the one shown', () => {
+  const second = {
+    ...UPSTREAM.photos[0],
+    photographer: 'Second Spotter',
+  };
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    parsePlanespottersPhoto({
+      photos: [
+        { ...UPSTREAM.photos[0], link: 'https://evil.example/' },
+        second,
+      ],
+    }),
+    { ...PHOTO, photographer: 'Second Spotter' },
+  );
+});
+
+test('a missing size is null and the credit is trimmed', () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    parsePlanespottersPhoto(
+      photo({
+        photographer: '  Jan Seler ',
+        thumbnail_large: { src: PHOTO.src },
+      }),
+    ),
+    { ...PHOTO, width: null, height: null },
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index 83e163cde..59a18415f 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -3619,5 +3619,6 @@
   "1 wk/s": "أسبوع/ث",
   "Play speed": "سرعة التشغيل",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "مرّر أو اقرص للتكبير، واسحب للتنقل · انقر نقرًا مزدوجًا لرؤية الكل",
-  "1 min/s": "دقيقة/ث"
+  "1 min/s": "دقيقة/ث",
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "صورة © {photographer}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index c21a9f936..02d6fdb73 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -3311,5 +3311,6 @@
   "1 wk/s": "1 Wo./s",
   "Play speed": "Wiedergabegeschwindigkeit",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "Scrollen oder mit zwei Fingern zoomen, ziehen zum Verschieben · Doppelklick zeigt alles",
-  "1 min/s": "1 Min./s"
+  "1 min/s": "1 Min./s",
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "Foto © {photographer}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index c060630e2..a007bec4e 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -3388,5 +3388,6 @@
   "1 wk/s": "1 sem/s",
   "Play speed": "Velocidad de reproducción",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "Desplaza o pellizca para ampliar, arrastra para moverte · doble clic para verlo todo",
-  "1 min/s": "1 min/s"
+  "1 min/s": "1 min/s",
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "Foto © {photographer}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index e0731d11a..f394eaf98 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -3388,5 +3388,6 @@
   "1 wk/s": "1 sem/s",
   "Play speed": "Vitesse de lecture",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "Faites défiler ou pincez pour zoomer, glissez pour vous déplacer · double-clic pour tout voir",
-  "1 min/s": "1 min/s"
+  "1 min/s": "1 min/s",
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "Photo © {photographer}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index 3ff2a8313..8122e2c47 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -3388,5 +3388,6 @@
   "1 wk/s": "1 sett/s",
   "Play speed": "Velocità di riproduzione",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "Scorri o pizzica per lo zoom, trascina per spostarti · doppio clic per vedere tutto",
-  "1 min/s": "1 min/s"
+  "1 min/s": "1 min/s",
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "Foto © {photographer}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index a4bd4522b..9c716ec48 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -3234,5 +3234,6 @@
   "1 wk/s": "1週間/秒",
   "Play speed": "再生速度",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "スクロールまたはピンチでズーム、ドラッグで移動 · ダブルクリックで全体表示",
-  "1 min/s": "1分/秒"
+  "1 min/s": "1分/秒",
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "写真 © {photographer}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index e1578d66d..1afd6d382 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -3388,5 +3388,6 @@
   "1 wk/s": "1 sem/s",
   "Play speed": "Velocidade de reprodução",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "Role ou faça pinça para ampliar, arraste para se mover · clique duplo para ver tudo",
-  "1 min/s": "1 min/s"
+  "1 min/s": "1 min/s",
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "Foto © {photographer}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index 43639b06f..d6af529c0 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -3465,5 +3465,6 @@
   "1 wk/s": "1 нед/с",
   "Play speed": "Скорость воспроизведения",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "Прокрутите или сведите пальцы для масштаба, перетащите для перемещения · двойной щелчок — показать всё",
-  "1 min/s": "1 мин/с"
+  "1 min/s": "1 мин/с",
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "Фото © {photographer}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index a99148853..6826eb2fa 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -3465,5 +3465,6 @@
   "1 wk/s": "1 тиж/с",
   "Play speed": "Швидкість відтворення",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "Прокрутіть або зведіть пальці для масштабу, перетягніть для переміщення · подвійне клацання — показати все",
-  "1 min/s": "1 хв/с"
+  "1 min/s": "1 хв/с",
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "Фото © {photographer}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index e7d9ca384..d0af7ee5e 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -3234,5 +3234,6 @@
   "1 wk/s": "1 周/秒",
   "Play speed": "播放速度",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "滚动或双指缩放，拖动以移动 · 双击查看全部",
-  "1 min/s": "1 分钟/秒"
+  "1 min/s": "1 分钟/秒",
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "照片 © {photographer}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index 1042a0d35..c0e22141b 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -3234,5 +3234,6 @@
   "1 wk/s": "1 週/秒",
   "Play speed": "播放速度",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "捲動或雙指縮放，拖曳以移動 · 按兩下查看全部",
-  "1 min/s": "1 分鐘/秒"
+  "1 min/s": "1 分鐘/秒",
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "照片 © {photographer}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
index 8c2a2bd75..458354169 100644
--- a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
+++ b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
@@ -586,7 +586,8 @@
     "Ⅱ PAUSE",
     "≥ {value} MW",
     "▲ {frp} MW",
-    "SATELLITE"
+    "SATELLITE",
+    "Photo © {photographer}"
   ],
   "it": [
     "1 min/s",
diff --git a/src/layers/awareness/panel.js b/src/layers/awareness/panel.js
index 5396a0390..fbc9725c9 100644
--- a/src/layers/awareness/panel.js
+++ b/src/layers/awareness/panel.js
@@ -182,6 +182,28 @@ export function createPanel({ state: layerState, parts }) {
       : null;
   }
 
+  /** The tracked airliner's photo with its credit, or null. The subject
+   *  refresh resolves it; only the subject it was resolved for shows it. */
+  function presentPhoto(subject) {
+    const held = layerState.subjectPhoto;
+    if (
+      !held ||
+      held.layerId !== subject.layerId ||
+      String(held.id) !== String(subject.id)
+    )
+      return null;
+    const { photo } = held;
+    return {
+      src: photo.src,
+      width: photo.width ?? null,
+      height: photo.height ?? null,
+      link: photo.link,
+      credit: t('Photo © {photographer}', {
+        photographer: photo.photographer,
+      }),
+    };
+  }
+
   function renderResults() {
     if (!layerState.enabled || !layerState.results) return hidePanel();
     ensurePanel();
@@ -191,6 +213,7 @@ export function createPanel({ state: layerState, parts }) {
       kind: 'results',
       subject: `${subject.label} · ${t('{distance} FLIGHT / VESSEL WINDOW', { distance: presentAwarenessDistance(AWARENESS_RADIUS_M) })}`,
       subjectNames: presentNames(subject.memberNames),
+      photo: presentPhoto(subject),
       navigation: presentNavigation(),
       rows: cohorts.map(presentRow),
       note: t(
diff --git a/src/layers/awareness/panel.test.mjs b/src/layers/awareness/panel.test.mjs
index eaaac70e9..4fa2c448c 100644
--- a/src/layers/awareness/panel.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/awareness/panel.test.mjs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import { createPanel } from './panel.js';
+import { createSubject } from './subject.js';
 
 test('a Contacts row names its provider as the Layers panel does, with its feed state', () => {
   const cohort = (id, source, sourceStatus) => ({
@@ -36,3 +37,119 @@ test('a Contacts row names its provider as the Layers panel does, with its feed
   );
   state.offPanelLocale?.();
 });
+
+const PHOTO = Object.freeze({
+  src: 'https://t.plnspttrs.net/1/abc123_280.jpg',
+  width: 280,
+  height: 186,
+  photographer: 'Jane Doe',
+  link: 'https://www.planespotters.net/photo/1/n123ab',
+});
+
+/** The published Contacts view for one subject and the refresh's photo. */
+function photoView(subject, subjectPhoto) {
+  const state = {
+    enabled: true,
+    results: { subject, cohorts: [] },
+    subjectPhoto,
+    cohortPages: new Map(),
+    panelListeners: new Set(),
+    panelSignature: '',
+    navigationIndex: 0,
+  };
+  const parts = {
+    navigation: { canNavigateNext: () => false },
+    rendering: { hideDirectionOverlay() {} },
+  };
+  createPanel({ state, parts }).renderResults();
+  state.offPanelLocale?.();
+  return state.panelView;
+}
+
+const FLIGHT = Object.freeze({
+  layerId: 'flights',
+  id: 'abc123',
+  label: 'N123AB',
+});
+
+test('the Contacts view carries the tracked flight’s photo with its credit', () => {
+  const view = photoView(FLIGHT, {
+    layerId: 'flights',
+    id: 'abc123',
+    photo: PHOTO,
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(view.photo, {
+    src: PHOTO.src,
+    width: 280,
+    height: 186,
+    link: PHOTO.link,
+    credit: 'Photo © Jane Doe',
+  });
+});
+
+test('the Contacts view has no photo without one, or with another subject’s', () => {
+  assert.equal(photoView(FLIGHT, null).photo, null);
+  assert.equal(
+    photoView(FLIGHT, { layerId: 'flights', id: 'def456', photo: PHOTO }).photo,
+    null,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    photoView(
+      { layerId: 'ais-live-vessels', id: 'abc123', label: 'VESSEL' },
+      { layerId: 'flights', id: 'abc123', photo: PHOTO },
+    ).photo,
+    null,
+  );
+});
+
+test('only the tracked flight has a photo: not a vessel, an installation, a military aircraft or another flight', () => {
+  const tracked = {
+    layerId: 'flights',
+    id: 'abc123',
+    label: 'N123AB',
+    photo: PHOTO,
+  };
+  let current = tracked;
+  let lookups = 0;
+  const flights = {
+    getTrackedSubject: () => {
+      lookups += 1;
+      return current;
+    },
+  };
+  const military = {
+    getTrackedSubject: () => ({ ...tracked, layerId: 'military' }),
+  };
+  const { resolveSubjectPhoto } = createSubject({
+    state: {},
+    services: { flights, military, vessels: {}, installations: {} },
+    parts: {
+      navigation: {
+        isFlightLayer: (id) => id === 'flights' || id === 'military',
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    resolveSubjectPhoto({ layerId: 'flights', id: 'abc123' }),
+    PHOTO,
+  );
+  assert.equal(lookups, 1);
+  assert.equal(resolveSubjectPhoto({ layerId: 'flights', id: 'def456' }), null);
+  assert.equal(
+    resolveSubjectPhoto({ layerId: 'ais-live-vessels', id: 'abc123' }),
+    null,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    resolveSubjectPhoto({ layerId: 'military-installations', id: 'abc123' }),
+    null,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    resolveSubjectPhoto({ layerId: 'military', id: 'abc123' }),
+    null,
+  );
+  assert.equal(resolveSubjectPhoto(null), null);
+  current = null;
+  assert.equal(resolveSubjectPhoto({ layerId: 'flights', id: 'abc123' }), null);
+  current = { ...tracked, photo: null };
+  assert.equal(resolveSubjectPhoto({ layerId: 'flights', id: 'abc123' }), null);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/awareness/state.js b/src/layers/awareness/state.js
index adc896943..d950e7a84 100644
--- a/src/layers/awareness/state.js
+++ b/src/layers/awareness/state.js
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ export function createState({ services }) {
     /** Stops following the manager's adoptions (see watchAdoptions). */
     unwatchAdoptions: null,
     subject: null,
+    /** The tracked flight's photo with the subject it belongs to, or null. */
+    subjectPhoto: null,
     results: null,
     visual: null,
     /** Whether layer views replace the panel's initial markup yet. */
diff --git a/src/layers/awareness/subject.js b/src/layers/awareness/subject.js
index 60f622e29..050d144c2 100644
--- a/src/layers/awareness/subject.js
+++ b/src/layers/awareness/subject.js
@@ -378,19 +378,48 @@ export function createSubject({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
    *
    * Identity (`subject.id`) is NEVER re-derived — only the rendered string.
    * @param {{layerId: string, id: string, label: string}} subject Current subject.
+   * @param {?object} [tracked] The subject's tracked descriptor, when the
+   *   caller already has it (see trackedSubjectOf).
    * @returns {string} The current label, or the cached one when the owning layer
    *   has no tracked subject (e.g. a cross-layer handoff is in flight).
    */
 
-  function resolveSubjectLabel(subject) {
-    if (!parts.navigation.isFlightLayer(subject?.layerId))
-      return subject?.label;
+  function resolveSubjectLabel(subject, tracked = trackedSubjectOf(subject)) {
+    return tracked?.label || subject?.label;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The owning flight layer's tracked-subject descriptor when it describes
+   * this subject, else null. Built once per refresh and shared by the label
+   * and the photo.
+   * @param {{layerId: string, id: string}|null} subject Current subject.
+   * @returns {?{id: string, label: string, photo?: ?object}}
+   */
+  function trackedSubjectOf(subject) {
+    if (!parts.navigation.isFlightLayer(subject?.layerId)) return null;
     const layer =
       subject.layerId === 'flights' ? flightsLayer : militaryFlightsLayer;
     const tracked = layer.getTrackedSubject?.();
-    if (tracked?.label && String(tracked.id) === String(subject.id))
-      return tracked.label;
-    return subject.label;
+    return tracked && String(tracked.id) === String(subject.id)
+      ? tracked
+      : null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The tracked airliner's Planespotters photo, for the Contacts panel.
+   *
+   * Only the flights layer looks photos up, and only for the plane it tracks;
+   * a vessel, an installation, a military aircraft or an untracked flight has
+   * none.
+   * @param {{layerId: string, id: string}|null} subject Current subject.
+   * @param {?object} [tracked] The subject's tracked descriptor, when the
+   *   caller already has it.
+   * @returns {?{src: string, width: ?number, height: ?number, photographer: string, link: string}}
+   */
+  function resolveSubjectPhoto(subject, tracked = trackedSubjectOf(subject)) {
+    return subject?.layerId === 'flights' && tracked?.photo
+      ? tracked.photo
+      : null;
   }
 
   /** Refresh proximity counts/distances against the subject's current live position. */
@@ -417,8 +446,21 @@ export function createSubject({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
     if (presence === SUBJECT_PRESENCE.LIVE) layerState.subjectMissing = false;
     else if (presence === SUBJECT_PRESENCE.MISSING)
       layerState.subjectMissing = true;
-    const nextLabel = resolveSubjectLabel(layerState.subject);
+    const tracked = trackedSubjectOf(layerState.subject);
+    const nextLabel = resolveSubjectLabel(layerState.subject, tracked);
     const labelChanged = nextLabel !== layerState.subject.label;
+    // The panel reads the photo from here, with the subject it belongs to.
+    const photo = resolveSubjectPhoto(layerState.subject, tracked);
+    layerState.subjectPhoto = photo
+      ? {
+          layerId: layerState.subject.layerId,
+          id: layerState.subject.id,
+          photo,
+        }
+      : null;
+    // A photo arriving after selection is render-worthy on its own, as a label.
+    const photoChanged =
+      (photo?.src ?? null) !== (layerState.panelView?.photo?.src ?? null);
     layerState.subject = { ...layerState.subject, position, label: nextLabel };
     const movementM = layerState.lastEvaluatedPosition
       ? Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(layerState.lastEvaluatedPosition, position)
@@ -439,7 +481,7 @@ export function createSubject({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
       // kept the ICAO hex until unrelated movement, a source-revision bump, or
       // page rotation happened to repaint it. Gated on an ACTUAL change so the
       // common no-op refresh (every 750 ms) still costs no repaint.
-      if (labelChanged) parts.panel.renderResults();
+      if (labelChanged || photoChanged) parts.panel.renderResults();
       parts.rendering.scheduleDirectionOverlayUpdate(force);
       return;
     }
@@ -502,6 +544,7 @@ export function createSubject({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
     militaryInstallationsLayer.setContextAnchor?.(null);
     layerState.autoFocusRetryPending = false;
     layerState.subject = null;
+    layerState.subjectPhoto = null;
     layerState.subjectMissing = false;
     layerState.results = null;
     layerState.navigationHistory = [];
@@ -528,6 +571,7 @@ export function createSubject({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
     resolveSubjectPosition,
     collectionSubjectPosition,
     resolveSubjectLabel,
+    resolveSubjectPhoto,
     refreshSelectedSubject,
     subjectFromContext,
     markSubjectEvicted,
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/enrichment.js b/src/layers/flights/enrichment.js
index aaf8ceb38..1132c36c8 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/enrichment.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/enrichment.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { classifyAircraft } from '../../data/aircraftClass.js';
 import { horizonOccluder } from '../../data/iconOrientation.js';
+import { parsePlanespottersPhoto } from '../../data/planespottersPhoto.js';
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
 import {
   ENRICH_MAX_INFLIGHT,
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   ENRICH_AMBIENT_REFILL_TOKENS,
   ENRICH_AMBIENT_REFILL_WINDOW_MS,
   ENRICH_AMBIENT_PER_SWEEP,
+  ENRICH_RETRY_COOLDOWN_MS,
 } from './policy.js';
 
 export function createEnrichment({
@@ -17,11 +19,62 @@ export function createEnrichment({
   layer,
   resolveAsset,
 }) {
-  function _enqueueEnrich(key, query, onData, priority = false) {
+  const { isMilitaryIcao } = services.militaryRegistry;
+  const { isTr3b } = services.aircraftPresentation;
+  /**
+   * Whether `key` is answered, queued, or cooling down after a failure. A
+   * key past its cool-down is released here so it can be asked again.
+   * @param {string} key Lookup key.
+   * @returns {boolean}
+   */
+  function _enrichHeld(key) {
+    if (flightState._enrichSeen.has(key)) return true;
+    const retryAfter = flightState._enrichRetryAfter.get(key);
+    if (retryAfter === undefined) return false;
+    if (Date.now() < retryAfter) return true;
+    flightState._enrichRetryAfter.delete(key);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Whether a source failure is permanent: an unsupported lookup, or an HTTP
+   * 4xx other than 401/403 (an authorization refusal that may clear), 408
+   * (timeout) and 429 (rate limited). Anything else, including an error without a
+   * status, is temporary.
+   * @param {*} error The rejection, as `LiveSourceError` / `httpError` carry it.
+   * @returns {boolean}
+   */
+  function _enrichFailureIsFinal(error) {
+    if (error?.code === 'unsupported') return true;
+    const status = Number(error?.status);
+    return (
+      Number.isInteger(status) &&
+      status >= 400 &&
+      status < 500 &&
+      status !== 401 &&
+      status !== 403 &&
+      status !== 408 &&
+      status !== 429
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ask each key at most once per session, except that a lookup whose source
+   * failed temporarily (rejected or threw) may be asked again after
+   * ENRICH_RETRY_COOLDOWN_MS; an answer, found or not, and a permanent
+   * refusal (see _enrichFailureIsFinal) are final.
+   * @param {string} key Session-unique lookup key.
+   * @param {object} query The source's enrichment query.
+   * @param {function(object):void} onData Receives a `found` answer.
+   * @param {boolean} [priority] Front of the queue.
+   * @param {function(*):?object} [read] Reads the source's answer first, for
+   *   a lookup whose answer may arrive in more than one shape.
+   */
+  function _enqueueEnrich(key, query, onData, priority = false, read = null) {
     if (flightState.lifetime.signal.aborted) return;
-    if (flightState._enrichSeen.has(key)) return;
+    if (_enrichHeld(key)) return;
     flightState._enrichSeen.add(key);
-    const job = { query, onData };
+    const job = { key, query, onData, read };
     // Priority (tracked / model-eligible) goes to the FRONT so a deep ambient
     // backlog can never delay the plane the user just clicked or zoomed into.
     if (priority) flightState._enrichQueue.unshift(job);
@@ -61,9 +114,24 @@ export function createEnrichment({
             signal: lifetime.signal,
           });
         })
-        .then((data) => {
-          if (!lifetime.signal.aborted && data && data.found) job.onData(data);
-        })
+        .then(
+          (answer) => {
+            const data = job.read ? job.read(answer) : answer;
+            if (!lifetime.signal.aborted && data && data.found)
+              job.onData(data);
+          },
+          (error) => {
+            // The source failed: release the key after a cool-down. A layer
+            // teardown is not a failure and schedules nothing, and a
+            // permanent refusal is as final as an answer.
+            if (lifetime.signal.aborted || _enrichFailureIsFinal(error)) return;
+            flightState._enrichSeen.delete(job.key);
+            flightState._enrichRetryAfter.set(
+              job.key,
+              Date.now() + ENRICH_RETRY_COOLDOWN_MS,
+            );
+          },
+        )
         .catch(() => {
           /* enrichment never surfaces errors */
         })
@@ -119,6 +187,14 @@ export function createEnrichment({
       (data) => {
         const meta = flightState.records.data.get(icao24);
         if (!meta) return;
+        // A late answer for a callsign the plane no longer flies is dropped.
+        if (
+          String(meta.callsign || '')
+            .trim()
+            .toUpperCase() !== cs
+        )
+          return;
+        meta.routeCallsign = cs;
         meta.airline = data.airline || meta.airline;
         if (data.origin && data.destination)
           meta.route = { origin: data.origin, destination: data.destination };
@@ -129,6 +205,31 @@ export function createEnrichment({
     ); // route lookups only fire for the TRACKED plane — front of the queue
   }
 
+  /** The tracked plane's photo from Planespotters, asked once per hex at the
+   *  front of the queue like its route. A miss is final; a temporary failure
+   *  is asked again after the cool-down. A military aircraft or a converted
+   *  TR-3B is never looked up. The answer is read with
+   *  `parsePlanespottersPhoto` whatever shape the source returns (the upstream
+   *  answer, a server's cached shape, or an already-read photo), so only a
+   *  checked photo is ever stored. */
+  function _requestPhotoEnrichment(icao24) {
+    if (!/^[0-9a-f]{6}$/i.test(icao24)) return;
+    const id = icao24.toLowerCase();
+    if (isMilitaryIcao(id) || isTr3b(id)) return;
+    _enqueueEnrich(
+      `p:${id}`,
+      { kind: 'photo', id },
+      (data) => {
+        const meta = flightState.records.data.get(id);
+        if (!meta) return; // evicted while the lookup was in flight
+        const { src, width, height, photographer, link } = data;
+        meta.photo = { src, width, height, photographer, link };
+      },
+      true,
+      parsePlanespottersPhoto,
+    );
+  }
+
   /** QA seam: headless harnesses (scripts/qa-enrich-ambient.mjs) shrink the
    *  bucket knobs via window.__GEV_ENRICH_AMBIENT_QA = {ceil, refillTokens,
    *  windowMs} — they cannot wait out a real 5-minute window. Read lazily each
@@ -196,7 +297,9 @@ export function createEnrichment({
       );
       const cand = [];
       for (const [icao24, bb] of flightState._billboards) {
-        if (flightState._enrichSeen.has(`t:${icao24}`)) continue; // answered / queued / negative this session
+        // Answered, queued, negative this session, or cooling down after a
+        // failure: never spend a token on it.
+        if (_enrichHeld(`t:${icao24}`)) continue;
         if (!/^[0-9a-f]{6}$/i.test(icao24)) continue; // adsbdb keys are 6-char hex only
         if (flightState.records.data.get(icao24)?.onGround) continue; // ground traffic never spends ambient budget (click-to-enrich still works)
         if (!bb.position || !occluder.isPointVisible(bb.position)) continue; // beyond the limb
@@ -233,6 +336,7 @@ export function createEnrichment({
     _drainEnrich,
     _requestTypeEnrichment,
     _requestRouteEnrichment,
+    _requestPhotoEnrichment,
     _ambientBudgetKnobs,
     _refillAmbientBudget,
     _sweepAmbientEnrichment,
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/lifecycle.js b/src/layers/flights/lifecycle.js
index 0ca944647..87e3e356a 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/lifecycle.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/lifecycle.js
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ export function createLifecycle({
       flightState._displayFloorState.clear();
       flightState._enrichQueue.length = 0;
       flightState._enrichSeen.clear();
+      flightState._enrichRetryAfter.clear();
       if (flightState._enrichDripTimer) {
         clearTimeout(flightState._enrichDripTimer);
         flightState._enrichDripTimer = null;
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/ownership.test.mjs b/src/layers/flights/ownership.test.mjs
index 16c1a9cc6..9b0c1a606 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/ownership.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/flights/ownership.test.mjs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { createCivilFlightLayer } from './index.js';
 import { createFlightState } from './state.js';
 import { createEnrichment } from './enrichment.js';
 import { createTracking } from './tracking.js';
+import { LiveSourceError } from '../../sources/live/contract.js';
 
 function services() {
   const names = [
@@ -29,6 +30,14 @@ function services() {
   };
 }
 
+/** The services enrichment reads: which hexes are military or a TR-3B. */
+function enrichServices({ military = [], tr3b = [] } = {}) {
+  return {
+    militaryRegistry: { isMilitaryIcao: (id) => military.includes(id) },
+    aircraftPresentation: { isTr3b: (id) => tr3b.includes(id) },
+  };
+}
+
 test('constructing independent flight layers performs no source request and isolates selection', () => {
   let requests = 0;
   const source = {
@@ -90,7 +99,11 @@ test('aborted enrichment cannot write into a later lifecycle or decrement its ac
     },
   };
   const flightState = createFlightState({ source, services: services() });
-  const enrichment = createEnrichment({ flightState, services: {}, parts: {} });
+  const enrichment = createEnrichment({
+    flightState,
+    services: enrichServices(),
+    parts: {},
+  });
   let writes = 0;
   enrichment._enqueueEnrich(
     'test',
@@ -118,7 +131,11 @@ test('a synchronous enrichment failure stays bounded and releases its slot', asy
       },
     },
   });
-  const enrichment = createEnrichment({ flightState, services: {}, parts: {} });
+  const enrichment = createEnrichment({
+    flightState,
+    services: enrichServices(),
+    parts: {},
+  });
   assert.doesNotThrow(() =>
     enrichment._enqueueEnrich('test', {}, () => assert.fail()),
   );
@@ -146,3 +163,336 @@ test('voice context reads a track that rounds to north as 0°, not 360°', () =>
     '0°',
   );
 });
+
+test('the tracked plane’s photo is asked once per hex and lands on its record', async () => {
+  const queries = [];
+  let answer = {
+    found: true,
+    src: 'https://t.plnspttrs.net/33043/1745410_822dfe330c_280.jpg',
+    width: 420,
+    height: 280,
+    photographer: 'Jan Seler',
+    link: 'https://www.planespotters.net/photo/1745410/x?utm_source=api',
+  };
+  const flightState = createFlightState({
+    services: services(),
+    source: {
+      async getEnrichment(query) {
+        queries.push(query);
+        if (answer instanceof Error) throw answer;
+        return answer;
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const enrichment = createEnrichment({
+    flightState,
+    services: enrichServices(),
+    parts: {},
+  });
+  flightState.records.data.set('a0f1bb', { callsign: 'AAL1' });
+  flightState._trackedIcao = 'a0f1bb';
+  flightState._trackedEntity = {};
+  enrichment._requestPhotoEnrichment('A0F1BB');
+  enrichment._requestPhotoEnrichment('a0f1bb');
+  await new Promise((done) => setImmediate(done));
+  assert.deepEqual(queries, [{ kind: 'photo', id: 'a0f1bb' }]);
+  assert.deepEqual(flightState.records.data.get('a0f1bb').photo, {
+    src: answer.src,
+    width: 420,
+    height: 280,
+    photographer: 'Jan Seler',
+    link: answer.link,
+  });
+
+  // A failure is not asked again within its cool-down.
+  answer = new Error('outage');
+  flightState.records.data.set('abc123', {});
+  enrichment._requestPhotoEnrichment('abc123');
+  await new Promise((done) => setTimeout(done, 300));
+  enrichment._requestPhotoEnrichment('abc123');
+  await new Promise((done) => setImmediate(done));
+  assert.equal(queries.length, 2);
+  assert.equal(flightState.records.data.get('abc123').photo, undefined);
+  enrichment._requestPhotoEnrichment('not-hex');
+  assert.equal(queries.length, 2);
+  flightState.lifetime.abort();
+});
+
+test('a military aircraft or a converted TR-3B is never looked up for a photo', async () => {
+  const queries = [];
+  const flightState = createFlightState({
+    services: services(),
+    source: {
+      async getEnrichment(query) {
+        queries.push(query);
+        return { found: false };
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const enrichment = createEnrichment({
+    flightState,
+    services: enrichServices({ military: ['ae1234'], tr3b: ['a0f1bb'] }),
+    parts: {},
+  });
+  for (const id of ['ae1234', 'a0f1bb']) {
+    flightState.records.data.set(id, {});
+    enrichment._requestPhotoEnrichment(id);
+  }
+  enrichment._requestPhotoEnrichment('AE1234');
+  await new Promise((done) => setImmediate(done));
+  assert.deepEqual(queries, []);
+  assert.equal(flightState._enrichSeen.size, 0);
+  flightState.lifetime.abort();
+});
+
+test('a photo answer in the upstream shape or a server’s cached shape lands checked', async () => {
+  const SRC = 'https://t.plnspttrs.net/33043/1745410_822dfe330c_280.jpg';
+  const LINK = 'https://www.planespotters.net/photo/1745410/x?utm_source=api';
+  const answers = {
+    a0f1bb: {
+      photos: [
+        {
+          thumbnail_large: { src: SRC, size: { width: 420, height: 280 } },
+          link: LINK,
+          photographer: 'Jan Seler',
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    abc123: {
+      found: true,
+      thumbnail: { src: SRC, width: 420, height: 280 },
+      photographer: 'Jan Seler',
+      link: LINK,
+    },
+    def456: {
+      found: true,
+      thumbnail: { src: 'https://evil.example/a.jpg', width: 1, height: 1 },
+      photographer: 'Jan Seler',
+      link: LINK,
+    },
+    fed789: { photos: [] },
+  };
+  const flightState = createFlightState({
+    services: services(),
+    source: { getEnrichment: async ({ id }) => answers[id] },
+  });
+  const enrichment = createEnrichment({
+    flightState,
+    services: enrichServices(),
+    parts: {},
+  });
+  const ids = Object.keys(answers);
+  for (const id of ids) flightState.records.data.set(id, {});
+  for (const id of ids) {
+    enrichment._requestPhotoEnrichment(id);
+    // One dispatch per drip gap.
+    await new Promise((done) => setTimeout(done, 250));
+  }
+  const photo = {
+    src: SRC,
+    width: 420,
+    height: 280,
+    photographer: 'Jan Seler',
+    link: LINK,
+  };
+  assert.deepEqual(flightState.records.data.get('a0f1bb').photo, photo);
+  assert.deepEqual(flightState.records.data.get('abc123').photo, photo);
+  assert.equal(flightState.records.data.get('def456').photo, undefined);
+  assert.equal(flightState.records.data.get('fed789').photo, undefined);
+  flightState.lifetime.abort();
+});
+
+/** An enrichment queue over `answer(query)` with a hand-driven clock. */
+function enrichmentClock(t, answer) {
+  let now = 1_000_000;
+  t.mock.method(Date, 'now', () => now);
+  const queries = [];
+  const flightState = createFlightState({
+    services: services(),
+    source: {
+      getEnrichment(query) {
+        queries.push(query.id);
+        return answer(query);
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const enrichment = createEnrichment({
+    flightState,
+    services: enrichServices(),
+    parts: { tracking: { _updateTrackedLabelModel() {} } },
+  });
+  const settle = () => new Promise((done) => setImmediate(done));
+  const advance = (ms) => {
+    now += ms;
+  };
+  return { flightState, enrichment, queries, settle, advance };
+}
+
+test('a failed lookup is asked again only after its cool-down', async (t) => {
+  let fail = true;
+  const { flightState, enrichment, queries, settle, advance } = enrichmentClock(
+    t,
+    async () => {
+      if (fail) throw new Error('503');
+      return { found: true, typeCode: 'A321' };
+    },
+  );
+  flightState.records.data.set('a0f1bb', {});
+  enrichment._requestTypeEnrichment('a0f1bb');
+  await settle();
+  assert.deepEqual(queries, ['a0f1bb']);
+  advance(59_000);
+  enrichment._requestTypeEnrichment('a0f1bb');
+  await settle();
+  assert.deepEqual(queries, ['a0f1bb'], 'not within the cool-down');
+  fail = false;
+  advance(1_000);
+  enrichment._requestTypeEnrichment('a0f1bb');
+  await settle();
+  assert.deepEqual(queries, ['a0f1bb', 'a0f1bb'], 'asked again after it');
+  assert.equal(flightState.records.data.get('a0f1bb').typeCode, 'A321');
+  advance(120_000);
+  enrichment._requestTypeEnrichment('a0f1bb');
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(queries.length, 2, 'an answer is final');
+  assert.equal(flightState._enrichActive, 0);
+  flightState.lifetime.abort();
+});
+
+test('a synchronous source failure cools down like a rejected one', async (t) => {
+  const { flightState, enrichment, queries, settle, advance } = enrichmentClock(
+    t,
+    () => {
+      throw new Error('boom');
+    },
+  );
+  enrichment._requestPhotoEnrichment('a0f1bb');
+  await settle();
+  advance(60_000);
+  enrichment._requestPhotoEnrichment('a0f1bb');
+  await settle();
+  assert.deepEqual(queries, ['a0f1bb', 'a0f1bb']);
+  flightState.lifetime.abort();
+});
+
+test('a "not found" answer is never asked again', async (t) => {
+  const { flightState, enrichment, queries, settle, advance } = enrichmentClock(
+    t,
+    async ({ kind }) => (kind === 'photo' ? { photos: [] } : { found: false }),
+  );
+  enrichment._requestTypeEnrichment('a0f1bb');
+  await settle();
+  advance(1_000); // past the dispatch drip
+  enrichment._requestPhotoEnrichment('a0f1bb');
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(queries.length, 2);
+  advance(3_600_000);
+  enrichment._requestTypeEnrichment('a0f1bb');
+  enrichment._requestPhotoEnrichment('a0f1bb');
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(queries.length, 2);
+  assert.equal(flightState._enrichRetryAfter.size, 0);
+  flightState.lifetime.abort();
+});
+
+test('a lookup cut off by the layer’s teardown schedules no retry', async (t) => {
+  let release;
+  const { flightState, enrichment, settle } = enrichmentClock(
+    t,
+    (query) =>
+      new Promise((_resolve, reject) => {
+        release = () => reject(new DOMException('aborted', 'AbortError'));
+      }),
+  );
+  enrichment._requestTypeEnrichment('a0f1bb');
+  await settle();
+  flightState.lifetime.abort();
+  release();
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(flightState._enrichRetryAfter.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(flightState._enrichSeen.has('t:a0f1bb'), true);
+});
+
+test('a permanent refusal is final; a timeout, rate limit, outage or authorization refusal cools down', async (t) => {
+  const errors = {
+    aaaaa1: new LiveSourceError('denied', 'adsbdb HTTP 404', { status: 404 }),
+    aaaaa2: new LiveSourceError('unsupported', 'Enrichment unavailable'),
+    aaaaa3: new LiveSourceError('limited', 'adsbdb rate limited', {
+      status: 429,
+    }),
+    aaaaa4: new LiveSourceError('unavailable', 'adsbdb HTTP 503', {
+      status: 503,
+    }),
+    aaaaa5: new LiveSourceError('unavailable', 'adsbdb HTTP 408', {
+      status: 408,
+    }),
+    aaaaa6: new Error('network'),
+    aaaaa7: new LiveSourceError('denied', 'Unauthorized', { status: 401 }),
+    aaaaa8: new LiveSourceError('denied', 'Forbidden', { status: 403 }),
+  };
+  const { flightState, enrichment, queries, settle, advance } = enrichmentClock(
+    t,
+    async ({ id }) => {
+      throw errors[id];
+    },
+  );
+  const ids = Object.keys(errors);
+  for (const id of ids) {
+    enrichment._requestTypeEnrichment(id);
+    await settle();
+    advance(1_000); // past the dispatch drip
+  }
+  assert.deepEqual(queries, ids);
+  advance(60_000);
+  for (const id of ids) {
+    enrichment._requestTypeEnrichment(id);
+    await settle();
+    advance(1_000);
+  }
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    queries.slice(ids.length),
+    ['aaaaa3', 'aaaaa4', 'aaaaa5', 'aaaaa6', 'aaaaa7', 'aaaaa8'],
+    'a 404 and an unsupported lookup are never asked again',
+  );
+  assert.equal(flightState._enrichSeen.has('t:aaaaa1'), true);
+  assert.equal(flightState._enrichRetryAfter.has('t:aaaaa1'), false);
+  flightState.lifetime.abort();
+});
+
+test('a route answer for a callsign the plane no longer flies is dropped', async (t) => {
+  const pending = [];
+  const { flightState, enrichment, settle, advance } = enrichmentClock(
+    t,
+    (query) => new Promise((resolve) => pending.push({ query, resolve })),
+  );
+  const meta = { callsign: 'UAL9' };
+  flightState.records.data.set('a0f1bb', meta);
+  enrichment._requestRouteEnrichment('a0f1bb');
+  await settle();
+  meta.callsign = 'UAL10'; // the next poll's callsign
+  advance(1_000);
+  enrichment._requestRouteEnrichment('a0f1bb');
+  await settle();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    pending.map(({ query }) => query.id),
+    ['UAL9', 'UAL10'],
+  );
+  const route = (code) => ({
+    found: true,
+    airline: `${code} Air`,
+    origin: { code: `${code}O` },
+    destination: { code: `${code}D` },
+  });
+  pending[0].resolve(route('OLD'));
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(meta.route, undefined, 'the late UAL9 answer is ignored');
+  assert.equal(meta.airline, undefined);
+  pending[1].resolve(route('NEW'));
+  await settle();
+  assert.deepEqual(meta.route, {
+    origin: { code: 'NEWO' },
+    destination: { code: 'NEWD' },
+  });
+  assert.equal(meta.routeCallsign, 'UAL10');
+  flightState.lifetime.abort();
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/policy.js b/src/layers/flights/policy.js
index 9f0e810bd..de44b806a 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/policy.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/policy.js
@@ -254,6 +254,11 @@ export const ENRICH_MAX_INFLIGHT = 4;
 
 export const ENRICH_DISPATCH_GAP_MS = 200;
 
+/** A lookup whose source failed (an outage, a timeout, a restarting server) may
+ *  be asked again after this long; a real "not found" answer never is. */
+
+export const ENRICH_RETRY_COOLDOWN_MS = 60_000;
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Ambient fleet type enrichment (2026-07-02 field data: OpenSky's live
 // category field is 0/"no info" for ~94% of planes, so ambient classification
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/queries.js b/src/layers/flights/queries.js
index 89b91f125..a696238dc 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/queries.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/queries.js
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ export function createQueries({
   layer,
   resolveAsset,
 }) {
-  const { tr3bTypeLabel, tr3bAircraftClass } = services.aircraftPresentation;
+  const { isTr3b, tr3bTypeLabel, tr3bAircraftClass } =
+    services.aircraftPresentation;
   const { formatFlightLevel } = services.labels;
   const { isMilitaryIcao } = services.militaryRegistry;
   const { applyTrackedCameraFrame } = services.camera;
@@ -208,6 +209,12 @@ export function createQueries({
               destination: { ...info.route.destination },
             }
           : null,
+      // The airframe's Planespotters photo for the Context panel; a military
+      // aircraft or a converted TR-3B (it would name the real one) shows none.
+      photo:
+        info?.photo && !isTr3b(icao24) && !isMilitaryIcao(icao24)
+          ? { ...info.photo }
+          : null,
     };
   }
 
@@ -875,8 +882,9 @@ export function createQueries({
 
     /**
      * Describe the currently tracked aircraft at its dead-reckoned position.
-     * @returns {{icao24: string, callsign: string|null, latitude: number, longitude: number, altitudeM: number, velocityMps: number|null, track: number|null, verticalRateMps: number|null}|null}
-     *   Tracked aircraft info, or null when nothing is tracked.
+     * @returns {{icao24: string, callsign: string|null, latitude: number, longitude: number, altitudeM: number, velocityMps: number|null, track: number|null, verticalRateMps: number|null, photo: {src: string, width: number|null, height: number|null, photographer: string, link: string}|null}|null}
+     *   Tracked aircraft info, or null when nothing is tracked. `photo` is the
+     *   airframe's credited Planespotters photo, or null.
      */
     getTrackedInfo() {
       if (!flightState._trackedIcao) return null;
@@ -906,6 +914,8 @@ export function createQueries({
           _toCleanText(described.registration) ||
           described.icao24,
         position: Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(described.position),
+        // The airframe's photo for the Context panel, or null.
+        photo: described.photo,
       };
     },
 
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/records.js b/src/layers/flights/records.js
index 709cd69ed..fdd2d67c8 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/records.js
@@ -198,10 +198,16 @@ export class FlightRecords {
       !!prevMeta && (prevMeta.onGround === true) !== onGround;
     // Store flight metadata for click-to-track labels
     const cat = stickyNumber(category, prevMeta?.category, null);
+    const nextCallsign = stickyText(callsign, prevMeta?.callsign);
+    // A route (and its airline) belongs to the callsign it was looked up for;
+    // a new callsign drops it, so an old flight's route never shows under it.
+    const routeHeld =
+      Boolean(prevMeta?.routeCallsign) &&
+      prevMeta.routeCallsign === nextCallsign.toUpperCase();
     const meta = {
       sourceReference: observation.reference,
       observedReceiptMs: Date.now(),
-      callsign: stickyText(callsign, prevMeta?.callsign),
+      callsign: nextCallsign,
       altitude: alt,
       // geoAltitudeM/renderAltitudeM are ADDITIVE fields alongside the
       // untouched aviation `altitude` — never rename/replace it (labels,
@@ -256,8 +262,11 @@ export class FlightRecords {
       typeCode: prevMeta?.typeCode ?? null,
       typeName: prevMeta?.typeName ?? null,
       registration: prevMeta?.registration ?? null,
-      airline: prevMeta?.airline ?? null,
-      route: prevMeta?.route ?? null,
+      airline: routeHeld ? (prevMeta.airline ?? null) : null,
+      route: routeHeld ? (prevMeta.route ?? null) : null,
+      routeCallsign: routeHeld ? prevMeta.routeCallsign : null,
+      // Planespotters photo of the tracked airframe (Core asks it directly).
+      photo: prevMeta?.photo ?? null,
       // The RAW poll fix lat/lon (this tick's OpenSky state-vector
       // coords, pre-dead-reckon) — kept distinct from the continuously
       // dead-reckoned billboard position for any consumer that needs the
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/records.test.mjs b/src/layers/flights/records.test.mjs
index 638c6f843..f74574e96 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/records.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/flights/records.test.mjs
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ test('civil records keep aviation units separate from render height and survive
   assert.equal(first.meta.renderAltitudeM, 1040);
   assert.equal(first.fixEpochMs, 1700000000000);
   first.meta.typeCode = 'B738';
+  first.meta.photo = { src: 'https://t.plnspttrs.net/1/2_280.jpg' };
   const second = store.receive(
     observation({
       callsign: '',
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ test('civil records keep aviation units separate from render height and survive
   assert.equal(second.meta.velocity, 120);
   assert.equal(second.meta.true_track, 90);
   assert.equal(second.meta.typeCode, 'B738');
+  assert.equal(second.meta.photo, first.meta.photo, 'the photo survives polls');
   assert.equal(Object.hasOwn(second.meta, 'cullPosition'), false);
   assert.deepEqual(JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(second.meta)), second.meta);
 });
@@ -140,3 +142,25 @@ test('civil emergency status follows the latest poll instead of sticking', () =>
   assert.equal(next.meta.squawk, '2000');
   assert.equal(next.meta.emergency, null);
 });
+
+test('a route belongs to its callsign: a new callsign drops it, a blank one keeps it', () => {
+  const store = records();
+  store.geoidReady = true;
+  const first = store.receive(observation({ callsign: 'UAL9' }), view());
+  first.meta.route = { origin: { code: 'AUS' }, destination: { code: 'DEN' } };
+  first.meta.airline = 'United';
+  first.meta.routeCallsign = 'UAL9';
+  const same = store.receive(observation({ callsign: 'UAL9 ' }), view());
+  assert.equal(same.meta.route, first.meta.route);
+  const blank = store.receive(observation({ callsign: '' }), view());
+  assert.equal(
+    blank.meta.route,
+    first.meta.route,
+    'a dropped callsign is sticky',
+  );
+  assert.equal(blank.meta.airline, 'United');
+  const next = store.receive(observation({ callsign: 'UAL10' }), view());
+  assert.equal(next.meta.route, null, 'the old route never shows under UAL10');
+  assert.equal(next.meta.airline, null);
+  assert.equal(next.meta.routeCallsign, null);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js b/src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js
index d48d12774..414e6a0f6 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js
@@ -230,6 +230,13 @@ export function createFlightSnapshotRenderer({
       // (position updates automatically via dead-reckoning CallbackProperty)
       if (isTracked && flightState._trackedEntity) {
         tracking._updateTrackedLabelModel(icao24);
+        // Re-ask the tracked plane's lookups each poll. Answered and queued
+        // keys return at once; a lookup whose source failed runs again once
+        // its cool-down has passed, and the route uses the callsign this
+        // snapshot just recorded.
+        enrichment._requestTypeEnrichment(icao24, true);
+        enrichment._requestRouteEnrichment(icao24);
+        enrichment._requestPhotoEnrichment(icao24);
       }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/state.js b/src/layers/flights/state.js
index c259c44f1..81b849f4b 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/state.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/state.js
@@ -342,6 +342,10 @@ export function createFlightState({ source, services }) {
 
   flightState._enrichSeen = new Set();
 
+  /** Lookup key -> epoch ms before which a failed lookup is not asked again. */
+
+  flightState._enrichRetryAfter = new Map();
+
   flightState._enrichAmbientBudget = ENRICH_AMBIENT_BUDGET_CEIL;
 
   /** Epoch ms the bucket last accounted a refill window from (0 = unset). */
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/testing.js b/src/layers/flights/testing.js
index ccb109ae1..60c5de10c 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/testing.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/testing.js
@@ -190,8 +190,20 @@ export function createTesting({
     );
   }
 
-  /** Exercise the exact asynchronous fleet loader and return its admitted model. */
+  /** Forget every enrichment lookup and the dispatch clock, so a test that
+   *  moved `Date.now` leaves no future-dated drip or cool-down behind. */
+  function _resetEnrichmentForTest() {
+    flightState._enrichQueue.length = 0;
+    flightState._enrichSeen.clear();
+    flightState._enrichRetryAfter.clear();
+    flightState._enrichLastDispatchMs = 0;
+    if (flightState._enrichDripTimer) {
+      clearTimeout(flightState._enrichDripTimer);
+      flightState._enrichDripTimer = null;
+    }
+  }
 
+  /** Exercise the exact asynchronous fleet loader and return its admitted model. */
   async function _ensureFleetModelForTest(icao24) {
     await parts.rendering._ensureModel(icao24);
     return flightState._models.get(icao24) || null;
@@ -212,5 +224,6 @@ export function createTesting({
     _trackedBillboardColorForTest,
     _driveFleetModelHandoffForTest,
     _ensureFleetModelForTest,
+    _resetEnrichmentForTest,
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/tracking.js b/src/layers/flights/tracking.js
index f81249e88..9fbde6a3f 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/tracking.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/tracking.js
@@ -1060,6 +1060,7 @@ export function createTracking({
     // starts one.
     parts.enrichment._requestTypeEnrichment(icao24, true); // tracked plane — front of the enrichment queue
     parts.enrichment._requestRouteEnrichment(icao24);
+    parts.enrichment._requestPhotoEnrichment(icao24);
     // Round 2 (owner): grounded contacts get trails too — a landed-but-taxiing
     // aircraft's history is retrievable on select. Grounded flights positions
     // are already surface-clamped (the surfaceM chain), so seeds/appends drape.
diff --git a/src/sources/live/contract.test.mjs b/src/sources/live/contract.test.mjs
index f42a00ec3..416b42a37 100644
--- a/src/sources/live/contract.test.mjs
+++ b/src/sources/live/contract.test.mjs
@@ -412,3 +412,77 @@ test('squawks are validated and omitted OpenSky status differs from an explicit
   assert.equal(quiet.squawk, null);
   assert.equal(quiet.emergency, null);
 });
+
+test('a photo enrichment asks Planespotters directly and returns the checked photo', async () => {
+  const requests = [];
+  const source = createFlightSource({
+    fetchImpl: async (url, init) => {
+      requests.push({ url, init });
+      return response({
+        photos: [
+          {
+            thumbnail_large: {
+              src: 'https://t.plnspttrs.net/33043/1745410_822dfe330c_280.jpg',
+              size: { width: 420, height: 280 },
+            },
+            link: 'https://www.planespotters.net/photo/1745410/x?utm_source=api',
+            photographer: 'Jan Seler',
+          },
+        ],
+      });
+    },
+  });
+  const signal = new AbortController().signal;
+  const photo = await source.getEnrichment(
+    { kind: 'photo', id: 'a0f1bb' },
+    { signal },
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    requests[0].url,
+    'https://api.planespotters.net/pub/photos/hex/a0f1bb',
+  );
+  assert.ok(requests[0].init.signal, 'the request is cancellable');
+  assert.equal(requests[0].init.credentials, 'omit');
+  assert.deepEqual(photo, {
+    found: true,
+    src: 'https://t.plnspttrs.net/33043/1745410_822dfe330c_280.jpg',
+    width: 420,
+    height: 280,
+    photographer: 'Jan Seler',
+    link: 'https://www.planespotters.net/photo/1745410/x?utm_source=api',
+  });
+});
+
+test('a photo enrichment reads an empty answer as no photo and refuses a bad hex', async () => {
+  let calls = 0;
+  const source = createFlightSource({
+    fetchImpl: async (_url, _init) => {
+      calls++;
+      return response({ photos: [] });
+    },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    await source.getEnrichment({ kind: 'photo', id: 'a0f1bb' }),
+    { found: false },
+  );
+  await assert.rejects(source.getEnrichment({ kind: 'photo', id: '../x' }), {
+    code: 'unsupported',
+  });
+  assert.equal(calls, 1);
+});
+
+test('a photo enrichment outage rejects without echoing the body', async () => {
+  for (const status of [403, 429, 502]) {
+    const source = createFlightSource({
+      fetchImpl: async () => response({ error: 'sensitive' }, {}, status),
+    });
+    await assert.rejects(
+      source.getEnrichment({ kind: 'photo', id: 'a0f1bb' }),
+      (error) => {
+        assert.equal(error.status, status);
+        assert.equal(error.message.includes('sensitive'), false);
+        return true;
+      },
+    );
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/sources/live/standalone.js b/src/sources/live/standalone.js
index d76ecf3fa..b244266b0 100644
--- a/src/sources/live/standalone.js
+++ b/src/sources/live/standalone.js
@@ -11,10 +11,37 @@ import {
   readsbIdentities,
 } from './aircraft.js';
 import { normalizeVesselTrack, vesselSnapshot } from './vessels.js';
+import { parsePlanespottersPhoto } from '../../data/planespottersPhoto.js';
 
 const defaultFetch = (...args) => globalThis.fetch(...args);
 const header = (response, name) => response.headers?.get?.(name);
 
+/** Planespotters' public photo lookup, called straight from the browser (it
+ *  answers with `access-control-allow-origin: *`). */
+const PLANESPOTTERS_PHOTOS = 'https://api.planespotters.net/pub/photos/hex/';
+/** A photo is decoration: a slow answer gives up rather than hold an
+ *  enrichment slot. */
+const PHOTO_TIMEOUT_MS = 8000;
+
+/** The tracked plane's Planespotters photo, read and host-checked. */
+async function planespottersPhoto(fetchImpl, hex, signal) {
+  const id = String(hex || '').toLowerCase();
+  if (!/^[0-9a-f]{6}$/.test(id))
+    throw new LiveSourceError('unsupported', 'Enrichment unavailable');
+  const timeout = AbortSignal.timeout(PHOTO_TIMEOUT_MS);
+  const { response, payload } = await readResponse(
+    fetchImpl,
+    PLANESPOTTERS_PHOTOS + id,
+    {
+      signal: signal ? AbortSignal.any([signal, timeout]) : timeout,
+      credentials: 'omit',
+    },
+    'Planespotters',
+  );
+  if (!response.ok) throw httpError(response, 'Planespotters');
+  return parsePlanespottersPhoto(payload);
+}
+
 function openSkyError(response) {
   const error = httpError(response, 'Flights');
   const mode = String(
@@ -106,6 +133,8 @@ export function createFlightSource({
       };
     },
     async getEnrichment(query, { signal } = {}) {
+      if (query.kind === 'photo')
+        return planespottersPhoto(fetchImpl, query.id, signal);
       if (!['type', 'route'].includes(query.kind))
         throw new LiveSourceError('unsupported', 'Enrichment unavailable');
       const { response, payload } = await readResponse(
diff --git a/src/ui/awarenessPanel.test.mjs b/src/ui/awarenessPanel.test.mjs
index 101711c66..53cf0ad94 100644
--- a/src/ui/awarenessPanel.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/awarenessPanel.test.mjs
@@ -245,3 +245,73 @@ test('a repaint that leaves focus outside the panel does not pull it back', asyn
     'an empty cohort renders no list',
   );
 });
+
+const photo = (extra = {}) => ({
+  src: 'https://t.plnspttrs.net/1/abc123_280.jpg',
+  width: 280,
+  height: 186,
+  link: 'https://www.planespotters.net/photo/1/n123ab',
+  credit: 'Photo © Jane Doe',
+  ...extra,
+});
+
+test('a tracked flight’s photo shows under its name, credited and linked to its page', async (t) => {
+  const { panel, publish } = fixture(t);
+  await publish({ ...results(), photo: photo() });
+  const root = panel();
+  const link = root.querySelector('a.military-awareness-photo');
+  assert.ok(link, 'the photo renders');
+  assert.equal(
+    root.querySelector('.military-awareness-subject').nextElementSibling,
+    link,
+    'directly under the subject line',
+  );
+  assert.equal(link.getAttribute('href'), photo().link);
+  assert.equal(link.getAttribute('target'), '_blank');
+  assert.equal(link.getAttribute('rel'), 'noopener');
+  const img = link.querySelector('img');
+  assert.equal(img.getAttribute('src'), photo().src);
+  assert.equal(img.getAttribute('alt'), '');
+  assert.equal(img.getAttribute('width'), '280');
+  assert.equal(img.getAttribute('height'), '186');
+  assert.equal(link.querySelector('small').textContent, 'Photo © Jane Doe');
+});
+
+test('no photo renders without one', async (t) => {
+  const { panel, publish } = fixture(t);
+  await publish({ ...results(), photo: null });
+  assert.equal(panel().querySelector('.military-awareness-photo'), null);
+});
+
+test('a photo whose image fails to load is hidden until another arrives', async (t) => {
+  const { panel, publish } = fixture(t);
+  await publish({ ...results(), photo: photo() });
+  panel()
+    .querySelector('.military-awareness-photo img')
+    .dispatchEvent(new Event('error'));
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.equal(panel().querySelector('.military-awareness-photo'), null);
+  // A repaint with the same photo keeps it hidden.
+  await publish({ ...results({ previousDisabled: false }), photo: photo() });
+  assert.equal(panel().querySelector('.military-awareness-photo'), null);
+  // Another plane's photo shows.
+  const next = photo({ src: 'https://t.plnspttrs.net/2/def456_280.jpg' });
+  await publish({ ...results(), photo: next });
+  assert.equal(
+    panel().querySelector('.military-awareness-photo img').getAttribute('src'),
+    next.src,
+  );
+});
+
+test('a late error from a previous photo’s image does not hide the current one', async (t) => {
+  const { panel, publish } = fixture(t);
+  const previous = photo();
+  const current = photo({ src: 'https://t.plnspttrs.net/2/def456_280.jpg' });
+  await publish({ ...results(), photo: current });
+  // The error belongs to the image that failed: here, one still on the old src.
+  const img = panel().querySelector('.military-awareness-photo img');
+  img.setAttribute('src', previous.src);
+  img.dispatchEvent(new Event('error'));
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.ok(panel().querySelector('.military-awareness-photo'));
+});
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/radio.css b/src/ui/styles/radio.css
index 91611bf4a..e9af111f1 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/radio.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/radio.css
@@ -360,6 +360,31 @@ html:not([lang='en']) .radio-transport button {
   margin: 0 0 7px;
   color: #fff;
 }
+.military-awareness-photo {
+  display: block;
+  margin: 0 0 8px;
+  color: #a9b7c7;
+  text-decoration: none;
+}
+.military-awareness-photo img {
+  display: block;
+  width: 100%;
+  height: auto;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(98, 181, 255, 0.34);
+  border-radius: 4px;
+}
+.military-awareness-photo small {
+  display: block;
+  margin-top: 3px;
+}
+.military-awareness-photo:hover small,
+.military-awareness-photo:focus-visible small {
+  color: #fff;
+}
+.military-awareness-photo:focus-visible {
+  outline: 1px solid rgba(127, 200, 255, 0.85);
+  outline-offset: 2px;
+}
 .military-awareness-controls {
   display: grid;
   grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
diff --git a/src/ui/views/panels/AwarenessPanel.vue b/src/ui/views/panels/AwarenessPanel.vue
index cb4fa7f62..7179cb251 100644
--- a/src/ui/views/panels/AwarenessPanel.vue
+++ b/src/ui/views/panels/AwarenessPanel.vue
@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@ import AwarenessNames from './AwarenessNames.vue';
 const { awareness: view, awarenessLayer: layer } = storeToRefs(useContextStore());
 const user = { origin: 'user' };
 const root = ref(null);
+// A photo whose image failed to load stays hidden until another one arrives.
+// The failing image's own src is recorded, so a late error from a previous
+// photo never hides the current one.
+const failedPhoto = ref('');
+const fail = (event) => {
+  failedPhoto.value = event.target.getAttribute('src');
+};
 
 // A live repaint keeps focus on the same control by identity: browsers drop
 // focus from a node Vue moves, removes or disables, so the control is found
@@ -52,6 +59,10 @@ onUpdated(() => {
     </div>
     <template v-else-if="view.kind === 'results'">
       <div class="military-awareness-subject">{{ view.subject }}</div>
+      <a v-if="view.photo && view.photo.src !== failedPhoto" class="military-awareness-photo" :href="view.photo.link" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
+        <img :src="view.photo.src" :width="view.photo.width ?? undefined" :height="view.photo.height ?? undefined" alt="" @error="fail" />
+        <small>{{ view.photo.credit }}</small>
+      </a>
       <AwarenessNames v-if="view.subjectNames" :names="view.subjectNames" />
       <div class="military-awareness-controls" role="group" :aria-label="view.navigation.label">
         <button type="button" data-awareness-action="previous" :title="view.navigation.previous.title" :disabled="view.navigation.previous.disabled" @click="layer?.navigatePrevious(user)">{{ view.navigation.previous.text }}</button>

From a904562f0fe75991821ec063d0f49225487299b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 20:36:34 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 096/181] Changelog fragment for #1647

---
 changelog.d/1647-planespotters-photo.md | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1647-planespotters-photo.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1647-planespotters-photo.md b/changelog.d/1647-planespotters-photo.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ba4543fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1647-planespotters-photo.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+- Show a photo of the tracked aircraft. Tracking a civil flight asks
+  Planespotters for that aircraft's photo, and the CONTEXT panel's CONTACTS view
+  shows it with the photographer's credit and a link to the photo's page. A
+  flight lookup (type, route or photo) that failed temporarily is now asked
+  again after a minute instead of staying empty for the session, and a callsign
+  change drops the previous callsign's route (Sameh Khamis, @samehkhamis, #1647).

From fd2200effaa853508c36edb93fbf989f445190d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: manjunath22466 <manjunath@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 12:36:22 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 097/181] docs: credit viewport diagnostics contributors (#835)

---
 changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md b/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md
index b10444e8e..ed2c7b6b9 100644
--- a/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md
+++ b/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@
   the image step, the log records a reason-coded decision and, when an image
   was due, one outcome under the same id: sent, or why it was dropped (a stale
   pointer, a camera move, a newer turn). What is captured, sent and kept is
-  unchanged, and no image data or user text is logged (kvnloo, manjunath22466,
+  unchanged, and no image data or user text is logged (Kevin Rajan, Manjunath,
   #835).

From e7325685e55268cf8ceab8d2326641e3c6e326cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: manjunath22466 <manjunath@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:30:41 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 098/181] docs: restore GitHub handles in the #835 changelog
 credit

Recent fragments credit as name, handle and PR number; keep that form.
---
 changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md b/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md
index ed2c7b6b9..b533533eb 100644
--- a/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md
+++ b/changelog.d/835-viewport-escalation-reasons.md
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@
   the image step, the log records a reason-coded decision and, when an image
   was due, one outcome under the same id: sent, or why it was dropped (a stale
   pointer, a camera move, a newer turn). What is captured, sent and kept is
-  unchanged, and no image data or user text is logged (Kevin Rajan, Manjunath,
-  #835).
+  unchanged, and no image data or user text is logged (Kevin Rajan, @kvnloo,
+  Manjunath, @manjunath22466, #835).

From 0af33707da5788a27c5ce77ba3dac6aa1911834a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:58:48 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 099/181] fix(voice): restore the globe-rotation import a main
 merge dropped

The earlier main merge replaced `import { interruptGlobeRotation } from
'../cameraVerbs.js'` with the displayText import while keeping the
`interruptGlobeRotation('voice-zoom-intent')` call, so voice zoom actions
threw ReferenceError. The same merge replaced main's Overpass reservation
paragraph in docs/CURRENT-STATE.md; restore it next to the new text.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md   | 8 ++++++++
 src/voice/gevActions.js | 1 +
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 28f1daa01..cf9ed5fb6 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -129,6 +129,14 @@ search keeps a successful geocode, with no search or view-based region recovery.
 
 Manager-owned periodic network updates pause while the document is hidden. Returning to a visible tab runs one overdue update per enabled layer without overlapping an active refresh and restarts that layer's polling schedule from the return, so the next poll follows one interval later whether or not the catch-up update succeeds; explicit refresh requests remain available. Transit also defers camera-driven feed admission while hidden and rechecks coverage on return. Visibility listeners are released with their polling intervals.
 
+Overpass reserves each normalized query before its disk-cache lookup. The
+initial disk lookup, upstream quota admission, fetching and memory publication
+are coalesced under that reservation. A caller that joined a reservation
+rejected by another client's quota retries admission with its own quota.
+Stale fallback runs per response after the reservation is released, and disk
+writes finish asynchronously. Settled and rejected reservations are removed
+only while they still own their map entry.
+
 External ALPR tags, surveillance-tool display fields, voice context text and
 compact analyst strings collapse controls and whitespace before a final
 180-character cap (scene labels retain their 120-character cap). Empty ALPR
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.js b/src/voice/gevActions.js
index af350eb1d..0ad5d8def 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.js
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { interruptGlobeRotation } from '../cameraVerbs.js';
 import { normalizeDisplayText } from '../data/displayText.js';
 import {
   layerSnapshot,

From 20d58cf8885dd77cb93b55f674d1f047226c3e21 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:50:27 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 100/181] Report zero queued alpha for an entry the yield pass
 hid

getQueuedOverlayEntryAlpha now returns 0 for a yielding entry that
declutterYieldingEntries marked collisionHidden this frame. That pass runs
before custom lanes, so they no longer read full opacity for an entry that
will not paint.
---
 src/overlays/worldOverlay.js       |  8 ++++---
 src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js
index 71f4b849f..e0ca77038 100644
--- a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js
+++ b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.js
@@ -1047,9 +1047,9 @@ export function getOverlayPaintRect(sourceId, entryId) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Opacity an entry paints with this frame, or 0 when it is not queued. Custom
- * lanes may call it before later lanes publish paint rects. Leaves out the
- * Cyber sonar fade and yield-collision hiding.
+ * Opacity an entry paints with this frame, or 0 when it is not queued or the
+ * yield-collision pass hid it. Custom lanes may call it before later lanes
+ * publish paint rects. Leaves out the Cyber sonar fade.
  * @param {string} sourceId
  * @param {string} entryId
  * @returns {number}
@@ -1059,6 +1059,8 @@ export function getQueuedOverlayEntryAlpha(sourceId, entryId) {
   const item = _queuedItemBySource.get(sourceId)?.get(entryId);
   // Pooled items are reassigned every frame: check the frame and the entry.
   if (!item || item.stamp !== _frameStamp) return 0;
+  // Declutter has already run when custom lanes call this.
+  if (item.collisionHidden) return 0;
   const record = item.record;
   if (record.entry.id !== entryId || record.entry.source !== sourceId) return 0;
   return (
diff --git a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs
index 1b8223bbc..30dd021c2 100644
--- a/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs
+++ b/src/overlays/worldOverlay.test.mjs
@@ -1259,6 +1259,43 @@ test('a detection lane sees which cards this frame will paint before they publis
   env.cleanup();
 });
 
+test('a detection lane reads zero for a yielding entry the declutter pass hid this frame', () => {
+  // Declutter runs before custom lanes, so a yielding entry it hid must not
+  // report its full queued alpha to them.
+  const env = installMockEnvironment({ width: 400, height: 300, dpr: 1 });
+  initWorldOverlay(env.viewer);
+  const seen = [];
+  registerWorldOverlayPaintLane('detection', () => {
+    seen.push({
+      winner: getQueuedOverlayEntryAlpha('cards', 'ABOVE'),
+      yielder: getQueuedOverlayEntryAlpha('labels', 'YIELDER'),
+    });
+  }, { id: 'detection', active: true, target: 'detection' });
+  // Two cards take both vertical slots, so a vertical-only yielder has none.
+  const at = positionAtScreen(200, 150);
+  const card = (id, placement) => selectedEntry(id, {
+    position: at,
+    placement,
+    verticalOnly: true,
+    collisionGroup: 'shared-card',
+  });
+  setOverlayEntries('cards', [card('ABOVE', 'above'), card('BELOW', 'below')]);
+  setOverlayEntries('labels', [selectedEntry('YIELDER', {
+    position: at,
+    verticalOnly: true,
+    collisionGroup: 'yielding-label',
+    yieldToCollisionGroup: 'shared-card',
+  })]);
+
+  env.postRender.raise();
+  assert.ok(getOverlayPaintRect('cards', 'ABOVE'), 'the winner painted');
+  assert.equal(getOverlayPaintRect('labels', 'YIELDER'), null, 'the yielder was hidden');
+  assert.ok(seen[0].winner > 0, 'the winner reads its queued alpha');
+  assert.equal(seen[0].yielder, 0, 'the yielder hidden this frame reads zero');
+  destroyWorldOverlay();
+  env.cleanup();
+});
+
 test('custom-lane painter state is bracketed by host save/restore', () => {
   // A painter that leaks a clip or alpha must not corrupt later frames: the
   // host wraps every custom-lane painter in save/try/finally-restore. Pin the

From 1b010fe328e868c01d9f1f3d167bab319617b0ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 14:31:28 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 101/181] fix(voice): keep transit route IDs out of
 display-text normalization

A follow-up analyst_query filters on the routeId it was handed back, so a
route ID with repeated spaces or over 180 characters must stay byte-for-byte
raw like the other canonical fields.
---
 src/voice/gevActions.js       |  1 +
 src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.js b/src/voice/gevActions.js
index 0ad5d8def..617f51e02 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.js
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.js
@@ -5365,6 +5365,7 @@ const ANALYST_CANONICAL_FIELDS = new Set([
   'noradId',
   'registration',
   'callsign',
+  'routeId',
 ]);
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
index e879dab60..802f20126 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
@@ -6600,6 +6600,32 @@ test('analyst_query keeps canonical IDs raw so numbered references still fly to
   }
 });
 
+test('analyst_query keeps transit route IDs raw so a follow-up filter still matches', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  for (const routeId of ['Route  17', 'R'.repeat(181)]) {
+    const { viewer, styleManager } = createVoiceNavigationHarness();
+    const vehicles = [{ id: 'bus-1', routeId, lat: 30, lon: -97 }];
+    const transit = { getStats: () => ({ count: 1, lastUpdate: Date.now() }), getAnalystRecords: () => vehicles };
+    const runner = createActionRunner({
+      viewer, styleManager,
+      dataManager: {
+        layers: new Map([['transit', { module: transit }]]),
+        isEnabled: () => true,
+        getAll: () => [{ id: 'transit', name: 'transit', enabled: true, stats: transit.getStats() }],
+      },
+    });
+    const listed = await runner('analyst_query', { layers: ['transit'], scope: { kind: 'anywhere' }, limit: 1 });
+    assert.equal(listed.ok, true);
+    assert.equal(listed.items[0].routeId, routeId);
+    const followUp = await runner('analyst_query', {
+      followUp: true,
+      filters: [{ field: 'routeId', op: 'eq', value: listed.items[0].routeId }],
+    });
+    assert.equal(followUp.ok, true);
+    assert.equal(followUp.count, 1, 'the returned route ID matches the same vehicle');
+  }
+});
+
 test('set_panel_open accepts the Authoring name for the scene panel', async () => {
   const calls = [];
   const runner = createGevActionRunner({

From 12a56309919d07cf3ecb685a13358362980feda6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 15:34:32 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 102/181] docs: tighten the display-text notes

Name routeId among the canonical analyst IDs in CURRENT-STATE, say what the
changelog entry changes for users, and drop the comment that repeated the
canonical-field doc.
---
 changelog.d/1280-text-issue-fix.md |  4 +++-
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md              | 17 +++++++----------
 src/data/displayText.js            |  2 +-
 src/voice/gevActions.js            | 10 ++++------
 4 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changelog.d/1280-text-issue-fix.md b/changelog.d/1280-text-issue-fix.md
index d13f3f9cc..5e5474967 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1280-text-issue-fix.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1280-text-issue-fix.md
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-- Bound untrusted display text at output boundaries (asturksever, #1280).
+- Keep outside text in voice and MCP tool results to one line of 180
+  characters: ALPR tags, station names and other display fields (asturksever,
+  #1280).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 809048675..7e2470098 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -137,16 +137,13 @@ Stale fallback runs per response after the reservation is released, and disk
 writes finish asynchronously. Settled and rejected reservations are removed
 only while they still own their map entry.
 
-External ALPR tags, surveillance-tool display fields, voice context text and
-compact analyst strings collapse controls and whitespace before a final
-180-character cap (scene labels retain their 120-character cap). Empty ALPR
-values remain null and Unicode text is preserved without splitting a surrogate
-pair. Only display fields are normalized: canonical analyst identifiers
-(`id`, `layerKey`, `icao24`, `mmsi`, `noradId`, `registration`, `callsign`)
-pass through unchanged, because bikeshare uses the raw station name as its ID
-and numbered voice references resolve by that key. These fields remain
-untrusted source data in structured tool output; text normalization does not
-establish trust or eliminate prompt injection.
+External ALPR tags, surveillance-tool fields, voice context text and compact
+analyst strings become one line of at most 180 characters (scene labels: 120).
+Empty ALPR values stay null, and the cap never splits a surrogate pair.
+Canonical analyst identifiers such as `id` and `routeId` stay unchanged, because
+voice follow-ups match on them and bikeshare uses the raw station name as its
+ID. The text is still untrusted: normalization does not prevent prompt
+injection.
 
 Terrain height requests accept at most 64 points, matching the browser service's
 existing batch size and one bounded upstream chunk. Larger requests return HTTP
diff --git a/src/data/displayText.js b/src/data/displayText.js
index 1138c4cc0..fd0fe4eba 100644
--- a/src/data/displayText.js
+++ b/src/data/displayText.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/** Bounded, single-line external display text; it remains untrusted source data. */
+/** One-line text capped at `maxLength` without splitting a surrogate pair. Still untrusted. */
 export function normalizeDisplayText(value, maxLength = 180) {
   if (value == null || typeof value === 'object' || typeof value === 'function')
     return '';
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.js b/src/voice/gevActions.js
index 617f51e02..2d9334bc8 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.js
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.js
@@ -5353,9 +5353,9 @@ const ANALYST_IDENTITY_FIELDS = Object.freeze([
 ]);
 
 /**
- * Analyst item keys that identify a record rather than describe it: the
- * referent registry, track_entity and locateLayerEntity match on them, so
- * display-text normalization must leave them byte-for-byte unchanged.
+ * Keys that identify an analyst record. The referent registry, track_entity,
+ * locateLayerEntity and follow-up filters match on them, so they skip
+ * display-text normalization.
  */
 const ANALYST_CANONICAL_FIELDS = new Set([
   'layerKey',
@@ -5405,9 +5405,7 @@ function compactAnalystItem(r) {
     } else compact[key] = r[key];
   }
   if (present(r.ageHours)) compact.ageHours = r.ageHours;
-  // Display text only: canonical keys are lookup identities (bikeshare uses
-  // the raw station name as its id), so the referent registry and
-  // locateLayerEntity must see them exactly as the layer reports them.
+  // Canonical keys stay raw: bikeshare's id is the raw station name.
   for (const key of Object.keys(compact)) {
     if (typeof compact[key] === 'string' && !ANALYST_CANONICAL_FIELDS.has(key))
       compact[key] = normalizeDisplayText(compact[key]);

From 353eebf224e13e216a2ed4c78e9d30214ad0a442 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 15:37:16 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 103/181] refactor(tools): normalize ALPR text once, in the
 records

Every camera find_alpr_cameras returns comes from the tile source, which builds
it through normalizeAlprNode, so the tags are already one line and capped.
Drop the second pass in the tool, its duplicate test and the boundary entry,
and the function check normalizeDisplayText never sees.
---
 scripts/package-boundaries.json         |  1 -
 src/data/displayText.js                 |  3 +--
 src/tools/queries/surveillance.js       | 11 ++++-----
 src/tools/queries/surveillance.test.mjs | 31 -------------------------
 4 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index 2aee3df36..9b9f880e5 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -5140,7 +5140,6 @@
       "src/i18n/marker.js",
       "src/tools/queries/imagery.js",
       "src/tools/queries/cables.js",
-      "src/data/displayText.js",
       "src/tools/queries/surveillance.js",
       "src/tools/queries/infrastructure.js",
       "src/tools/queries/events.js",
diff --git a/src/data/displayText.js b/src/data/displayText.js
index fd0fe4eba..d151d8af7 100644
--- a/src/data/displayText.js
+++ b/src/data/displayText.js
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 /** One-line text capped at `maxLength` without splitting a surrogate pair. Still untrusted. */
 export function normalizeDisplayText(value, maxLength = 180) {
-  if (value == null || typeof value === 'object' || typeof value === 'function')
-    return '';
+  if (value == null || typeof value === 'object') return '';
   return String(value)
     .replace(/[\u0000-\u001f\u007f-\u009f]/g, ' ')
     .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
diff --git a/src/tools/queries/surveillance.js b/src/tools/queries/surveillance.js
index 4ddafabc2..06723007a 100644
--- a/src/tools/queries/surveillance.js
+++ b/src/tools/queries/surveillance.js
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /** Automated license plate reader cameras mapped in OpenStreetMap. */
 
-import { normalizeDisplayText } from '../../data/displayText.js';
 import { suggestView } from '../views.js';
 import { defineTool, ToolError } from '../catalog.js';
 import {
@@ -70,12 +69,12 @@ export const findAlprCameras = defineTool({
         id: camera.id,
         lat: round(point.lat, 6),
         lon: round(point.lon, 6),
-        operator: normalizeDisplayText(camera.operator) || null,
-        manufacturer: normalizeDisplayText(camera.manufacturer) || null,
-        camera_type: normalizeDisplayText(camera.cameraType) || null,
-        zone: normalizeDisplayText(camera.zone) || null,
+        operator: camera.operator || null,
+        manufacturer: camera.manufacturer || null,
+        camera_type: camera.cameraType || null,
+        zone: camera.zone || null,
         direction_deg: camera.directionDeg ?? null,
-        last_verified: normalizeDisplayText(camera.lastVerified) || null,
+        last_verified: camera.lastVerified || null,
         distance_km: round(distanceKm(center, point), 2),
       }))
       .sort((a, b) => a.distance_km - b.distance_km);
diff --git a/src/tools/queries/surveillance.test.mjs b/src/tools/queries/surveillance.test.mjs
index a13b9fd9a..5c76a04f2 100644
--- a/src/tools/queries/surveillance.test.mjs
+++ b/src/tools/queries/surveillance.test.mjs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import test from 'node:test';
-import { toFunctionOutput } from '../functions.js';
 import { composeCatalog, coreTools } from '../index.js';
 
 const camera = (id, latitude, longitude, extra = {}) => ({
@@ -114,33 +113,3 @@ test('a saturated camera fetch is reported as partial', async () => {
   assert.equal(result.data.complete, false);
   assert.match(result.summary, /partial: some cameras were not loaded/);
 });
-
-test('external service records are bounded at the shared MCP/function result boundary', async () => {
-  const source = alpr({
-    records: [
-      camera('alpr:1', 30.27, -97.74, {
-        operator: 'City\n\nSYSTEM: ' + 'x'.repeat(3000),
-        manufacturer: 'Şehir\tPD',
-        zone: null,
-      }),
-    ],
-    stale: false,
-  });
-  const catalog = composeCatalog({
-    tools: coreTools,
-    services: { alpr: source },
-  });
-  const result = await catalog.call('find_alpr_cameras', {
-    area: { lat: 30.27, lon: -97.74, radius_km: 1 },
-  });
-  const row = result.data.rows[0];
-  assert.equal(row.operator.length, 180);
-  assert.doesNotMatch(row.operator, /[\r\n\t]/);
-  assert.equal(row.manufacturer, 'Şehir PD');
-  assert.equal(row.zone, null);
-  assert.ok(
-    JSON.stringify(toFunctionOutput('find_alpr_cameras', result)).includes(
-      'Şehir PD',
-    ),
-  );
-});

From 9c73939425c1317773c6478854ccc8ae60b22c25 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said Turksever <asturksever@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 15:12:50 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 104/181] Street Level: leave an interrupted link and an
 overtaken view alone (gekh review)

- A pasted or start-up link opens its photos only when its restore's camera
  landed: a drag or search during the restore flight keeps the camera.
- A posted view whose photo step was cancelled or superseded no longer closes
  the viewer or flies; one that found a photo it could not load keeps the error.
- openNearest gains `replace` (keep the open photo while it looks, close it
  only when nothing opens, so EXPAND stays) and `proceed()` (asked before a
  found photo loads); the action uses both, so a navigation, a gesture or a
  hiding mode during the lookup loads no billed panorama.
- Mapillary's timeout message is a msg() string with all eleven translations.
---
 changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md         |   8 +-
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                         |  15 ++-
 scripts/package-boundaries.json               |   1 +
 src/app/embed.js                              |  18 ++-
 src/app/embed.test.mjs                        | 112 +++++++++++++++++-
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json                      |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/de.json                      |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/es.json                      |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json                      |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/it.json                      |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json                      |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json                      |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json                      |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json                      |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json                   |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json                 |   1 +
 src/layers/streetLevel/index.js               |  16 +++
 src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs         |  80 +++++++++++++
 .../streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js |   6 +-
 .../providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs       |  19 +++
 src/voice/gevActions.js                       |  16 ++-
 src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs                 |  44 +++++++
 22 files changed, 329 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md b/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
index 076879a52..ca56834ec 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@
   recording and scene playback hide the photo. The action checks again after
   every wait: a navigation or a drag of the globe, or a mode that hides the
   panel, stops it before a photo loads for a place the user left or in a
-  panel nobody sees, and a request that finds nothing closes the previous
-  photo. The panel's later results open a billed photo only when they are
+  panel nobody sees, also between finding a photo and loading it. A request
+  that finds nothing closes the previous photo, and one that finds a photo
+  replaces it in place, so EXPAND stays. A link whose restore flight the
+  visitor interrupted, or a posted view the user overtook, leaves their
+  camera and photo alone, and a photo found but not loaded keeps its error.
+  Mapillary's timeout message is translated. The panel's later results open a billed photo only when they are
   fresh too (Said Turksever, @asturksever, #1113).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index ce9fe507b..6983e1a88 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5119,13 +5119,22 @@ brings `map: photoreal` and refuses another map; not with `follow`), links as
 applies it through the action, and a plain link runs the action once restored
 (one shot: the rewritten hash drops `sl`). A link pasted into the open tab
 runs it after its restore settles (`gev:share-navigation-restore-settled`),
-and a start link whose restore a newer one superseded never runs. In embed mode the rail holding the
+and only when the restore's camera landed (`share.camera === 'applied'`): a
+link whose restore flight the visitor stopped with a drag or a search, or
+whose restore a newer link superseded, never runs and never pulls the camera
+back. In embed mode the rail holding the
 panel is hidden, so an open photo moves to an overlay on the globe
 (`sl-viewer-wrap-embed`) and back when it closes; Esc closes it (in full
 screen, Esc leaves full screen first). EXPAND stays open under embed mode's
 own clean view; cockpit, recording and scene playback hide the overlay. A
-posted view whose photo step fails closes the earlier photo before its
-camera flies. Image-loading failures render inside
+posted view whose photo step fails before the imagery stage closes the
+earlier photo before its camera flies; one the user overtook (a click on the
+map, a newer request) leaves their photo and camera alone, and one that
+found a photo it could not load keeps that error in view. The action's
+lookup replaces an open photo in place (`openNearest` `replace: true`), so
+the viewer and EXPAND stay up, and closes it only when it opens nothing; once
+an image is found, `proceed()` asks whether the camera and the panel are
+still the request's before a billed photo loads. Image-loading failures render inside
 the embedded overlay, since the panel's error region is hidden with the rail.
 A caller's abort is
 honoured through the viewer's mount and load, not just the lookup, and only
diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index 9b9f880e5..428df110d 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -2087,6 +2087,7 @@
       "scripts/qa-street-level.mjs",
       "src/i18n/index.js",
       "src/i18n/locale.js",
+      "src/i18n/marker.js",
       "src/i18n/locales/ar.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/de.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/es.json",
diff --git a/src/app/embed.js b/src/app/embed.js
index 3b9df2a9c..1f18db5e0 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.js
+++ b/src/app/embed.js
@@ -268,8 +268,14 @@ export async function applyView(
       streetLevelArgs(view.street_level, { autoOpen }),
     );
     if (result?.ok !== true) {
+      // Overtaken (a click on the map, a newer request): the panel and the
+      // camera are someone else's now.
+      if (result?.cancelled || result?.superseded) return steps;
       // An earlier view's photo must not stay over a place this view left.
-      dataManager.layers?.get?.(STREET_LEVEL_LAYER)?.module?.closeViewer?.();
+      // From the imagery stage on the action has settled the panel itself:
+      // a photo it found but could not load keeps its error in view.
+      if (result?.stage !== 'imagery')
+        dataManager.layers?.get?.(STREET_LEVEL_LAYER)?.module?.closeViewer?.();
       if (!result?.location)
         steps.push({ step: 'camera', ok: await flyTo(viewer, view.camera) });
     }
@@ -332,11 +338,16 @@ export function installViews({
   // link must not fly over them.
   // A start-up restore that a newer link superseded hands the camera to that
   // link: its own steps never run.
+  // A restore whose camera never landed (the recipient dragged, searched or
+  // opened another place during its flight) leaves the camera with them.
+  const cameraLanded = (outcome) => outcome?.share?.camera === 'applied';
   let generationAtRestore = null;
   let startSuperseded = false;
   let queue = ready.then((outcome) => {
     generationAtRestore = shell._navigationGeneration;
-    startSuperseded = outcome?.status === 'superseded';
+    startSuperseded =
+      outcome?.status === 'superseded' ||
+      (Boolean(outcome?.share) && !cameraLanded(outcome));
   });
   const navigatedSince = (generation) =>
     Number.isFinite(generation) && shell._navigationGeneration !== generation;
@@ -397,7 +408,8 @@ export function installViews({
   // its photos follow once that restore settles, under the same rule: a plain
   // link never loads a billed photo by itself.
   const onNavigatedRestore = (event) => {
-    if (event?.detail?.status !== 'settled') return;
+    if (event?.detail?.status !== 'settled' || !cameraLanded(event.detail))
+      return;
     const streetLevel = linkedStreetLevel(
       new URLSearchParams(String(location?.hash || '').replace(/^#/, '')),
     );
diff --git a/src/app/embed.test.mjs b/src/app/embed.test.mjs
index 45f85a625..d81831727 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.test.mjs
+++ b/src/app/embed.test.mjs
@@ -972,6 +972,36 @@ test('a start link whose restore a newer link superseded opens nothing', async (
   assert.deepEqual(calls, [], 'start link A does not pull the camera from B');
 });
 
+test('a start link whose restore flight the recipient interrupted leaves the camera with them', async () => {
+  for (const [camera, expected] of [
+    ['cancelled', 0],
+    ['skipped', 0],
+    ['applied', 1],
+  ]) {
+    const { calls, run } = recorder();
+    installViews({
+      shell: {
+        initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve({
+          status: 'settled',
+          share: { camera },
+        }),
+        _navigationGeneration: 4,
+      },
+      viewer: fakeViewer(),
+      dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+      run,
+      location: {
+        search: '',
+        hash: '#v=2&lat=1&lon=2&sl=mapillary,38.58000,-121.49000',
+      },
+      windowRef: new EventTarget(),
+    });
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    assert.equal(calls.length, expected, camera);
+  }
+});
+
 test('a link pasted into the open tab opens or arms its photos once its restore settles', async () => {
   const { calls, run, options } = recorder();
   const windowRef = new EventTarget();
@@ -990,10 +1020,10 @@ test('a link pasted into the open tab opens or arms its photos once its restore
   });
   await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
   assert.deepEqual(calls, [], 'the start link has no photos');
-  const settled = (status) =>
+  const settled = (status, camera = 'applied') =>
     windowRef.dispatchEvent(
       Object.assign(new Event('gev:share-navigation-restore-settled'), {
-        detail: { status },
+        detail: { status, share: { camera } },
       }),
     );
   location.hash = '#v=2&lat=3&lon=4&sl=mapillary,48.88740,2.34950';
@@ -1001,6 +1031,19 @@ test('a link pasted into the open tab opens or arms its photos once its restore
   settled('failed');
   await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
   assert.deepEqual(calls, [], 'a failed restore opens nothing');
+  // The recipient dragged or searched during the restore flight: the camera
+  // is theirs, and the link does not pull it back.
+  shell._navigationGeneration = 3;
+  for (const camera of ['cancelled', 'superseded']) {
+    settled('settled', camera);
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      calls,
+      [],
+      `an interrupted restore (${camera}) opens nothing`,
+    );
+  }
   settled('settled');
   await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
   await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
@@ -1027,6 +1070,71 @@ test('a link pasted into the open tab opens or arms its photos once its restore
   assert.equal(calls.length, 1, 'removed with the install');
 });
 
+test('a view whose photo step the user overtook leaves their photo and camera alone', async () => {
+  // Photo B, opened by a click while the posted view looked up its photo.
+  const street = { open: false, imageId: null };
+  const dataManager = {
+    ...fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    layers: new Map([
+      [
+        'street-level',
+        {
+          module: {
+            closeViewer: () =>
+              Object.assign(street, { open: false, imageId: null }),
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    ]),
+  };
+  const { run } = recorder({
+    show_street_level: () => {
+      Object.assign(street, { open: true, imageId: 'b' });
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        stage: 'imagery',
+        cancelled: true,
+        superseded: true,
+        error: 'The camera moved on before the photo opened',
+      };
+    },
+  });
+  const view = createView({
+    camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2, altitude_m: 500 },
+    street_level: { provider: 'mapillary' },
+  });
+  const viewer = fakeViewer();
+  const steps = await applyView(view, { viewer, dataManager, run });
+  assert.deepEqual(street, { open: true, imageId: 'b' }, 'photo B stays');
+  assert.equal(viewer.flights.length, 0, 'the camera stays with the user');
+  assert.equal(steps.at(-1).ok, false, 'reported as not applied');
+});
+
+test('a view whose photo was found but could not load keeps its error in view', async () => {
+  const closed = [];
+  const dataManager = {
+    ...fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    layers: new Map([
+      ['street-level', { module: { closeViewer: () => closed.push(true) } }],
+    ]),
+  };
+  const { run } = recorder({
+    show_street_level: () => ({
+      ok: false,
+      stage: 'imagery',
+      imageryError: true,
+      location: '1.00000, 2.00000',
+      error: 'Image could not be opened',
+    }),
+  });
+  const view = createView({
+    camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2, altitude_m: 500 },
+    street_level: { provider: 'mapillary' },
+  });
+  await applyView(view, { viewer: fakeViewer(), dataManager, run });
+  assert.equal(closed.length, 0, 'the viewer keeps the new photo’s error');
+});
+
 test('a view whose photos fail closes the photo an earlier view opened', async () => {
   const closed = [];
   const dataManager = {
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index cabf81a0e..03322bd85 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -1787,6 +1787,7 @@
   "KartaView did not filter this area in time — move the map to ask again": "لم يُصفِّ KartaView هذه المنطقة في الوقت المحدد — حرّك الخريطة لإعادة الطلب",
   "None of KartaView’s photos here pass the imagery filter": "لا تجتاز أي من صور KartaView هنا مرشح الصور",
   "KartaView did not answer in time — try again": "لم يستجب KartaView في الوقت المحدد — أعد المحاولة",
+  "Mapillary did not answer in time — try again": "لم يستجب Mapillary في الوقت المحدد — أعد المحاولة",
   "KartaView could not be reached — check the network": "تعذّر الوصول إلى KartaView — تحقّق من الشبكة",
   "KartaView sent an answer that could not be read": "أرسل KartaView استجابة تعذّرت قراءتها",
   "KartaView is rate-limiting requests": "يقيّد KartaView معدل الطلبات",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index e9cdaae47..d63183854 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -1701,6 +1701,7 @@
   "KartaView did not filter this area in time — move the map to ask again": "KartaView hat dieses Gebiet nicht rechtzeitig gefiltert – Karte verschieben, um erneut anzufragen",
   "None of KartaView’s photos here pass the imagery filter": "Keines der KartaView-Fotos hier passt zum Bildfilter",
   "KartaView did not answer in time — try again": "KartaView hat nicht rechtzeitig geantwortet – erneut versuchen",
+  "Mapillary did not answer in time — try again": "Mapillary hat nicht rechtzeitig geantwortet – erneut versuchen",
   "KartaView could not be reached — check the network": "KartaView ist nicht erreichbar – Netzwerk prüfen",
   "KartaView sent an answer that could not be read": "KartaView hat eine unlesbare Antwort gesendet",
   "KartaView is rate-limiting requests": "KartaView begrenzt die Anfragen",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index d8584bb51..0502b598f 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -2320,6 +2320,7 @@
   "KartaView did not filter this area in time — move the map to ask again": "KartaView no filtró esta zona a tiempo — mueve el mapa para pedirlo de nuevo",
   "None of KartaView’s photos here pass the imagery filter": "Ninguna foto de KartaView de aquí pasa el filtro de imágenes",
   "KartaView did not answer in time — try again": "KartaView no respondió a tiempo — inténtalo de nuevo",
+  "Mapillary did not answer in time — try again": "Mapillary no respondió a tiempo — inténtalo de nuevo",
   "KartaView could not be reached — check the network": "No se pudo conectar con KartaView — comprueba la red",
   "KartaView sent an answer that could not be read": "KartaView envió una respuesta que no se pudo leer",
   "KartaView is rate-limiting requests": "KartaView está limitando las peticiones",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index b61570c0d..334594ce2 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -1093,6 +1093,7 @@
   "KartaView did not filter this area in time — move the map to ask again": "KartaView n'a pas filtré cette zone à temps — déplacez la carte pour relancer la demande",
   "None of KartaView’s photos here pass the imagery filter": "Aucune photo KartaView de cet endroit ne passe le filtre d'images",
   "KartaView did not answer in time — try again": "KartaView n'a pas répondu à temps — réessayez",
+  "Mapillary did not answer in time — try again": "Mapillary n'a pas répondu à temps — réessayez",
   "KartaView could not be reached — check the network": "KartaView est injoignable — vérifiez le réseau",
   "KartaView sent an answer that could not be read": "KartaView a envoyé une réponse illisible",
   "KartaView is rate-limiting requests": "KartaView limite les requêtes",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index 1d68f1c2a..d6f2e7af0 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -1093,6 +1093,7 @@
   "KartaView did not filter this area in time — move the map to ask again": "KartaView non ha filtrato quest'area in tempo: sposta la mappa per riprovare",
   "None of KartaView’s photos here pass the imagery filter": "Nessuna delle foto KartaView qui supera il filtro delle immagini",
   "KartaView did not answer in time — try again": "KartaView non ha risposto in tempo: riprova",
+  "Mapillary did not answer in time — try again": "Mapillary non ha risposto in tempo: riprova",
   "KartaView could not be reached — check the network": "KartaView non è raggiungibile: controlla la rete",
   "KartaView sent an answer that could not be read": "KartaView ha inviato una risposta illeggibile",
   "KartaView is rate-limiting requests": "KartaView sta limitando le richieste",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index c43ffcf42..8d6f8579a 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -1061,6 +1061,7 @@
   "KartaView did not filter this area in time — move the map to ask again": "KartaViewがこの範囲を時間内に絞り込めませんでした。地図を動かして再度リクエストしてください",
   "None of KartaView’s photos here pass the imagery filter": "この場所のKartaViewの写真はいずれも画像フィルターを通過しません",
   "KartaView did not answer in time — try again": "KartaViewから時間内に応答がありませんでした。もう一度お試しください",
+  "Mapillary did not answer in time — try again": "Mapillaryから時間内に応答がありませんでした。もう一度お試しください",
   "KartaView could not be reached — check the network": "KartaViewに接続できません。ネットワークを確認してください",
   "KartaView sent an answer that could not be read": "KartaViewから読み取れない応答が返されました",
   "KartaView is rate-limiting requests": "KartaViewがリクエストをレート制限中です",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index bd885f741..a64b883b2 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -1091,6 +1091,7 @@
   "KartaView did not filter this area in time — move the map to ask again": "O KartaView não filtrou esta área a tempo — mova o mapa para pedir de novo",
   "None of KartaView’s photos here pass the imagery filter": "Nenhuma foto do KartaView aqui passa no filtro de imagens",
   "KartaView did not answer in time — try again": "O KartaView não respondeu a tempo — tente novamente",
+  "Mapillary did not answer in time — try again": "O Mapillary não respondeu a tempo — tente novamente",
   "KartaView could not be reached — check the network": "Não foi possível acessar o KartaView — verifique a rede",
   "KartaView sent an answer that could not be read": "O KartaView enviou uma resposta que não pôde ser lida",
   "KartaView is rate-limiting requests": "O KartaView está limitando as requisições",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index c8b053306..62630ca21 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -2358,6 +2358,7 @@
   "KartaView did not filter this area in time — move the map to ask again": "KartaView не успел отфильтровать эту область — сдвиньте карту, чтобы запросить снова",
   "None of KartaView’s photos here pass the imagery filter": "Ни одна фотография KartaView здесь не проходит фильтр снимков",
   "KartaView did not answer in time — try again": "KartaView не ответил вовремя — попробуйте снова",
+  "Mapillary did not answer in time — try again": "Mapillary не ответил вовремя — попробуйте снова",
   "KartaView could not be reached — check the network": "Не удалось связаться с KartaView — проверьте сеть",
   "KartaView sent an answer that could not be read": "KartaView прислал ответ, который не удалось прочитать",
   "KartaView is rate-limiting requests": "KartaView ограничивает частоту запросов",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index 382284595..b3c2f8b43 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -1108,6 +1108,7 @@
   "KartaView did not filter this area in time — move the map to ask again": "KartaView не встиг відфільтрувати цю область — зсуньте карту, щоб запитати знову",
   "None of KartaView’s photos here pass the imagery filter": "Жодне фото KartaView тут не проходить фільтр знімків",
   "KartaView did not answer in time — try again": "KartaView не відповів вчасно — спробуйте знову",
+  "Mapillary did not answer in time — try again": "Mapillary не відповів вчасно — спробуйте знову",
   "KartaView could not be reached — check the network": "Не вдалося звʼязатися з KartaView — перевірте мережу",
   "KartaView sent an answer that could not be read": "KartaView надіслав відповідь, яку не вдалося прочитати",
   "KartaView is rate-limiting requests": "KartaView обмежує частоту запитів",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index 9f350e442..64bf6a3bd 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -1038,6 +1038,7 @@
   "KartaView did not filter this area in time — move the map to ask again": "KartaView 未能及时筛选此区域——移动地图以重新请求",
   "None of KartaView’s photos here pass the imagery filter": "此处没有 KartaView 照片通过影像筛选",
   "KartaView did not answer in time — try again": "KartaView 未及时响应——请重试",
+  "Mapillary did not answer in time — try again": "Mapillary 未及时响应——请重试",
   "KartaView could not be reached — check the network": "无法连接 KartaView——请检查网络",
   "KartaView sent an answer that could not be read": "KartaView 返回的响应无法读取",
   "KartaView is rate-limiting requests": "KartaView 已被限流",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index d9cbd34c1..4ae48fb2f 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -1033,6 +1033,7 @@
   "KartaView did not filter this area in time — move the map to ask again": "KartaView 未能及時篩選此區域——移動地圖以重新請求",
   "None of KartaView’s photos here pass the imagery filter": "此處沒有 KartaView 照片通過影像篩選",
   "KartaView did not answer in time — try again": "KartaView 未及時響應——請重試",
+  "Mapillary did not answer in time — try again": "Mapillary 未及時響應——請重試",
   "KartaView could not be reached — check the network": "無法連接 KartaView——請檢查網絡",
   "KartaView sent an answer that could not be read": "KartaView 返回的響應無法讀取",
   "KartaView is rate-limiting requests": "KartaView 已被限流",
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
index c5705103f..96992e347 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
@@ -695,6 +695,12 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
      * as the assistant's) neither uses nor drops a link's armed point. Why
      * nothing opened is left in `street.nearestOutcome`: 'empty' (no imagery
      * in reach), 'sky' (the screen centre is not ground), or null (an error).
+     * `replace: true` (a request that takes over the panel) keeps an open
+     * photo up while it looks, so the viewer and EXPAND stay, and closes it
+     * when the lookup opens nothing: the panel shows this request's outcome.
+     * `proceed()` is asked once the lookup has found an image and before it
+     * loads; false retires the request (a photo that bills every load must
+     * not load for a request its caller has given up).
      */
     async openNearest(
       point,
@@ -705,6 +711,8 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
         radiusM = null,
         signal: callerSignal = null,
         armed: useArmed = true,
+        replace = false,
+        proceed = null,
       } = {},
     ) {
       if (callerSignal?.aborted) return false;
@@ -713,6 +721,11 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
       // any other lookup is a new request and drops the armed one.
       const armed = useArmed ? state.street.armed : null;
       if (useArmed) state.street.armed = null;
+      const closeReplaced = () => {
+        if (!replace || !state.street.open) return;
+        parts.viewerHost.close();
+        parts.clearSequences();
+      };
       if (!point && aim === 'screen-centre' && armed) {
         // The button promises the centre of the view: the link's spot only
         // while the view still shows it, or when the view cannot be picked.
@@ -735,6 +748,7 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
         view = screenCentreGround();
         if (view === null) {
           abortNearest();
+          closeReplaced();
           state.street.loading = false;
           state.street.error = AIM_AT_GROUND_MESSAGE;
           state.street.nearestOutcome = 'sky';
@@ -795,6 +809,7 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
         if (!state.enabled) break;
         // Switched off, or its map left, while it looked: try the next.
         if (!imageId || !entry.on || !providerAvailable(entry)) continue;
+        if (proceed && proceed() !== true) return retired();
         nearestLookup = null;
         callerSignal?.removeEventListener('abort', onCallerAbort);
         // The caller's signal still counts while the viewer mounts and loads.
@@ -807,6 +822,7 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
       // Replaced while it looked: the panel is the newer lookup's.
       if (nearestLookup !== lookup) return false;
       nearestLookup = null;
+      closeReplaced();
       // Switched off while it looked: nothing to open, nothing to report.
       const stillOn = entries.some(
         (entry) => entry.on && providerAvailable(entry),
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
index a75f8524e..ce6a91abc 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
@@ -2110,3 +2110,83 @@ test('filter-only updates keep the lit source, even a chosen keyless Mapillary',
     );
   }
 });
+
+test('a replacing lookup keeps the viewer open while it looks, so EXPAND stays with the new photo', async (t) => {
+  const answers = ['img-1', 'img-2'];
+  const provider = posingProvider({
+    nearestImage: async () => answers.shift(),
+  });
+  const { layer } = await enabledLayer(t, [provider]);
+  layer.attachViewerHost({});
+  assert.equal(await layer.openNearest({ lat: 1, lon: 2 }), true);
+  const seen = [];
+  const unsubscribe = layer.subscribe(() =>
+    seen.push(layer.getUIState().street.open),
+  );
+  t.after(unsubscribe);
+  assert.equal(
+    await layer.openNearest({ lat: 3, lon: 4 }, { replace: true }),
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.ok(seen.length > 0);
+  assert.ok(!seen.includes(false), 'never published closed on the way');
+  assert.deepEqual(provider.calls.open, ['img-1', 'img-2']);
+});
+
+test('a replacing lookup that finds nothing closes the old photo and keeps its own message', async (t) => {
+  const answers = ['img-1', null];
+  const provider = posingProvider({
+    nearestImage: async () => answers.shift(),
+  });
+  const { layer } = await enabledLayer(t, [provider]);
+  layer.attachViewerHost({});
+  await layer.openNearest({ lat: 1, lon: 2 });
+  assert.equal(
+    await layer.openNearest({ lat: 3, lon: 4 }, { replace: true }),
+    false,
+  );
+  const street = layer.getUIState().street;
+  assert.equal(street.open, false, 'no photo of another place');
+  assert.equal(street.nearestOutcome, 'empty');
+  assert.match(street.error, /No street-level imagery within 50 m/);
+});
+
+test('a found photo the viewer cannot load keeps its error on the open viewer', async (t) => {
+  const provider = posingProvider({ nearestImage: async () => 'img-1' });
+  const create = provider.create;
+  provider.create = (context) => {
+    const instance = create(context);
+    instance.viewer.open = async () => {
+      throw new Error('Image could not be opened');
+    };
+    return instance;
+  };
+  const { layer } = await enabledLayer(t, [provider]);
+  layer.attachViewerHost({});
+  assert.equal(
+    await layer.openNearest({ lat: 1, lon: 2 }, { replace: true }),
+    false,
+  );
+  const street = layer.getUIState().street;
+  assert.equal(street.open, true);
+  assert.equal(street.error, 'Image could not be opened');
+});
+
+test('proceed() is asked after the lookup: false loads nothing and clears the spinner', async (t) => {
+  const provider = posingProvider({ nearestImage: async () => 'img-1' });
+  const { layer } = await enabledLayer(t, [provider]);
+  layer.attachViewerHost({});
+  let asked = 0;
+  const opened = await layer.openNearest(
+    { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+    { proceed: () => (asked++, false) },
+  );
+  assert.equal(opened, false);
+  assert.equal(asked, 1);
+  assert.deepEqual(provider.calls.open, [], 'the viewer never loads it');
+  assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.loading, false);
+  assert.equal(
+    await layer.openNearest({ lat: 1, lon: 2 }, { proceed: () => true }),
+    true,
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js
index 4830d54e2..156771de6 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { msg } from '../../../../i18n/marker.js';
 import { NEAREST_RADIUS_M } from '../../policy.js';
 import {
   MAPILLARY_GRAPH_HOST,
@@ -8,6 +9,9 @@ import {
   SEQUENCE_IMAGES_LIMIT,
 } from './policy.js';
 
+/** English data: the Street Level panel translates it. */
+const NO_ANSWER = msg('Mapillary did not answer in time — try again');
+
 /** HTTP error flagged `keyRequired`, `keyRejected` or `retryAfterSec` (429). */
 export class MapillarySourceError extends Error {
   constructor(message, { status = 0, payload = null, retryAfterSec } = {}) {
@@ -81,7 +85,7 @@ export function createMapillarySource({
     const timer = setTimeout(
       () =>
         controller.abort(
-          new MapillarySourceError('Mapillary did not answer in time', {
+          new MapillarySourceError(NO_ANSWER, {
             status: 504,
           }),
         ),
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs
index dfa733a7f..d7fb8b7ee 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs
@@ -201,6 +201,25 @@ test('a nearest-image search that never answers is given up, body included', asy
   assert.ok(error instanceof MapillarySourceError, String(error));
   assert.equal(error.status, 504);
   assert.equal(error.keyRequired, false, 'not a key problem');
+  // English data, shown in the interface language like the other sources'.
+  const { setLocale } = await import('../../../../i18n/index.js');
+  const { translateStreetLevelError } =
+    await import('../../../../ui/streetLevelPresentation.js');
+  assert.equal(
+    translateStreetLevelError(error.message),
+    'Mapillary did not answer in time — try again',
+  );
+  for (const [locale, expected] of [
+    ['de', /nicht rechtzeitig/],
+    ['ja', /時間内に応答/],
+  ]) {
+    setLocale(locale);
+    try {
+      assert.match(translateStreetLevelError(error.message), expected, locale);
+    } finally {
+      setLocale('en');
+    }
+  }
 });
 
 test('the caller’s abort still ends a nearest-image search before its deadline', async () => {
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.js b/src/voice/gevActions.js
index 9c2051a4e..f8a906dc2 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.js
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.js
@@ -4084,14 +4084,12 @@ async function requestStreetLevel(
       location,
     });
 
-  // A photo of another place must not stay up beside this request's answer,
-  // armed or opened, found or not: the panel shows this request's outcome.
-  if (layerModule.getUIState?.()?.street?.open === true)
-    layerModule.closeViewer?.();
-
   // A billed source never loads from a link without a click: everything is
   // ready and OPEN is one press away at the view centre.
   if (args.autoOpen === false && status?.billed === true) {
+    // A photo of another place must not stay up beside the armed request.
+    if (layerModule.getUIState?.()?.street?.open === true)
+      layerModule.closeViewer?.();
     // The next OPEN press loads exactly what the link asked for.
     layerModule.armNearest?.(point, {
       providerIds: [provider],
@@ -4113,11 +4111,17 @@ async function requestStreetLevel(
 
   // A source with no coverage to click (Street View) is searched wider: a
   // geocoded landmark is rarely within 50 m of a street. A newer turn
-  // retires the lookup: nothing opens after the user moved on.
+  // retires the lookup: nothing opens after the user moved on. A photo of
+  // another place stays up while it looks (the viewer, EXPAND included, is
+  // replaced, not closed) and closes if this request opens nothing: the
+  // panel shows this request's outcome. Once an image is found it loads
+  // only if the camera and the panel are still the request's.
   reportProgress('imagery', label);
   const opened = await layerModule.openNearest(point, {
     providerIds: [provider],
     frame: false,
+    replace: true,
+    proceed: () => current() && !owner.taken() && !streetLevelPanelHidden(),
     // Under the screen centre, not the middle of a tilted view's footprint;
     // this request is the user's own, not a link's armed one.
     ...(point ? {} : { aim: 'screen-centre', armed: false }),
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
index 1a0a74808..cf4cbff6f 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
@@ -6660,16 +6660,26 @@ function createStreetLevelHarness({
           return false;
         }
       }
+      // Like the layer: a replacing lookup that opens nothing closes the photo.
+      const closeReplaced = () => {
+        if (!options.replace || !street.open) return;
+        order.push('close');
+        Object.assign(street, { open: false, imageId: null, error: null, nearestOutcome: null });
+      };
       if (imageryError) {
+        closeReplaced();
         street.error = imageryError;
         street.nearestOutcome = null;
         return false;
       }
       if (!nearest) {
+        closeReplaced();
         street.nearestOutcome = options.aim === 'screen-centre' && sky ? 'sky' : 'empty';
         street.error = `No street-level imagery within ${options.radiusM ?? 50} m of ${point ? 'that point' : 'the view centre'}`;
         return false;
       }
+      // Found: it loads only if the request still wants it.
+      if (options.proceed && options.proceed() !== true) return false;
       street.open = true;
       street.imageId = nearest;
       street.title = '10th St, Sacramento';
@@ -7426,6 +7436,40 @@ test('show_street_level stops once the camera is someone else’s: a navigation
   assert.ok(!h.order.some((step) => step.startsWith('open:')));
 });
 
+test('show_street_level loads no photo it found once the camera or the panel moved on during the lookup', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  for (const take of ['navigate', 'gesture']) {
+    let h;
+    h = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'photoreal', duringLookup: () => h[take]() });
+    const result = await h.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 38.58, longitude: -121.49, provider: 'google', fly: false });
+    assert.deepEqual([result.ok, result.stage, result.superseded], [false, 'imagery', true], take);
+    assert.equal(h.lookups.length, 1);
+    assert.equal(h.street.open, false, `${take}: the billed panorama never loads`);
+    assert.ok(!h.order.includes('close'), `${take}: nothing opened, nothing to close`);
+  }
+  const saved = globalThis.document;
+  const classes = new Set();
+  globalThis.document = { body: { classList: { contains: (name) => classes.has(name) } } };
+  try {
+    const h = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'photoreal', duringLookup: () => classes.add('ui-clean-view') });
+    const result = await h.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 38.58, longitude: -121.49, provider: 'google', fly: false });
+    assert.deepEqual([result.ok, result.stage], [false, 'view']);
+    assert.equal(h.street.open, false, 'nothing loads into the hidden panel');
+  } finally {
+    globalThis.document = saved;
+  }
+});
+
+test('show_street_level replaces an open photo in place: the viewer (and EXPAND) stays up while it looks', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const h = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, photoOpen: true, nearest: 'pano-b' });
+  const result = await h.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 38.58, longitude: -121.49, provider: 'mapillary', fly: false });
+  assert.equal(result.ok, true);
+  assert.equal(h.lookups[0].replace, true, 'the lookup takes over the open photo');
+  assert.ok(!h.order.includes('close'), 'never closed on the way');
+  assert.deepEqual([h.street.open, h.street.imageId], [true, 'pano-b']);
+});
+
 test('show_street_level owns the camera from where its own flight lands', async () => {
   globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
   const h = createStreetLevelHarness();

From 43706b8dd0ecf515113480e67494ce0acfb395e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 08:11:58 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 105/181] fix(firms): label a snapshot that ends at a set time
 with that time, not LIVE
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

A FIRMS source may answer the 24 hours to a set time, naming its end as
`at` (epoch ms). The layer row then reads "24 h to MM-DD HH:MM UTC"
instead of "LIVE · updated ...", and getStats() reports `at`. A
snapshot without `at` (the trailing 24 hours to now, as the dev proxy
serves) keeps the LIVE label. Translated in every catalog.
---
 server/providers/firms.js       |  4 ++++
 src/i18n/firms-live-zh.test.mjs | 40 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json        |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/de.json        |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/es.json        |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json        |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/it.json        |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json        |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json        |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json        |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json        |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json     |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json   |  1 +
 src/layers/firms/ingestion.js   |  3 +++
 src/layers/firms/lifecycle.js   |  1 +
 src/layers/firms/queries.js     | 15 ++++++++++---
 src/layers/firms/state.js       |  2 ++
 17 files changed, 73 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/server/providers/firms.js b/server/providers/firms.js
index d21dc296e..0fe7f1cb5 100644
--- a/server/providers/firms.js
+++ b/server/providers/firms.js
@@ -145,6 +145,10 @@ export async function fetchFirms(
  *
  * Routes:
  *   GET /api/firms        → {fetchedAt, stale, ttlMs, sources, count, fires}
+ *
+ * The trailing 24 hours to now. A source may instead answer the 24 hours to
+ * a set time, naming its end as `at` (epoch ms); the layer's row then shows
+ * that time rather than LIVE. This proxy never sets `at`.
  *   GET /api/firms/status → {hasKey, lastFetch, count, stale, ttlMs, transactions}
  *
  * Keyless (no FIRMS_MAP_KEY): /api/firms → 503 {error:'no_key'}; status →
diff --git a/src/i18n/firms-live-zh.test.mjs b/src/i18n/firms-live-zh.test.mjs
index 03b3af6c8..04d22ec0d 100644
--- a/src/i18n/firms-live-zh.test.mjs
+++ b/src/i18n/firms-live-zh.test.mjs
@@ -43,3 +43,43 @@ for (const [age, zh, en, hant] of cases) {
     }
   });
 }
+
+test('a FIRMS snapshot that ends at a set time names it instead of LIVE', (context) => {
+  const now = 1800000000000;
+  context.mock.method(Date, 'now', () => now);
+  const previousLocale = getLocale();
+  const at = Date.UTC(2026, 9, 21, 15);
+  const layerState = {
+    _loading: false,
+    _stale: false,
+    _keyRequired: false,
+    _error: null,
+    _lastUpdate: now - 120000,
+    _at: at,
+    _count: 1,
+    _cellCount: 0,
+    _fires: [],
+  };
+  const model = createModel({ services: { anchors: {} } });
+  const { methods } = createQueries({
+    layerState,
+    components: { model },
+    config: {},
+  });
+  try {
+    setLocale('en');
+    assert.equal(methods.getStats().loadingLabel, '24 h to 10-21 15:00 UTC');
+    assert.equal(methods.getStats().at, at);
+    setLocale('de');
+    assert.equal(
+      methods.getStats().loadingLabel,
+      '24 Std. bis 21.10. 15:00 UTC',
+    );
+    layerState._at = null;
+    setLocale('en');
+    assert.equal(methods.getStats().loadingLabel, 'LIVE · updated 2m ago');
+    assert.equal(methods.getStats().at, null);
+  } finally {
+    setLocale(previousLocale);
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index 59a18415f..20315a871 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -879,6 +879,7 @@
   "KEY REQUIRED": "المفتاح مطلوب",
   "STALE · cached {age}": "متقادم · مخزّن {age}",
   "LIVE · updated {age}": "مباشر · حُدّث {age}",
+  "24 h to {day} {time} UTC": "24 ساعة حتى {day} {time} UTC",
   "<1m ago": "قبل أقل من دقيقة",
   "FIRE · {frp} MW": "حريق · {frp} MW",
   "▲ {frp} MW": "▲ {frp} MW",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index 02d6fdb73..d4fbdf244 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -164,6 +164,7 @@
   "loading...": "lädt...",
   "KEY REQUIRED": "SCHLÜSSEL ERFORDERLICH",
   "LIVE · updated {age}": "LIVE · aktualisiert {age}",
+  "24 h to {day} {time} UTC": "24 Std. bis {day} {time} UTC",
   "loading mapped installation context": "Kontext der kartierten Anlage wird geladen",
   "MAPPED INSTALLATION": "KARTIERTE ANLAGE",
   "LAUNCH SITE · {site}": "STARTPLATZ · {site}",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index a007bec4e..e5d4d0689 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -737,6 +737,7 @@
   "KEY REQUIRED": "CLAVE REQUERIDA",
   "STALE · cached {age}": "DESACTUALIZADO · en caché hace {age}",
   "LIVE · updated {age}": "EN VIVO · actualizado {age}",
+  "24 h to {day} {time} UTC": "24 h hasta {day} {time} UTC",
   "<1m ago": "hace <1 min",
   "FIRE · {frp} MW": "INCENDIO · {frp} MW",
   "▲ {frp} MW": "▲ {frp} MW",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index f394eaf98..452d8bf04 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -734,6 +734,7 @@
   "loading...": "chargement…",
   "KEY REQUIRED": "CLÉ REQUISE",
   "LIVE · updated {age}": "DIRECT · mis à jour {age}",
+  "24 h to {day} {time} UTC": "24 h jusqu’au {day} {time} UTC",
   "Source snapshot time unavailable": "Heure de l'instantané source indisponible",
   "Live data unavailable": "Données en direct indisponibles",
   "Intel Picture": "Situation renseignement",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index 8122e2c47..227296b93 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -734,6 +734,7 @@
   "loading...": "caricamento...",
   "KEY REQUIRED": "CHIAVE RICHIESTA",
   "LIVE · updated {age}": "LIVE · aggiornato {age}",
+  "24 h to {day} {time} UTC": "24 h fino al {day} {time} UTC",
   "Source snapshot time unavailable": "Ora dello snapshot della fonte non disponibile",
   "Live data unavailable": "Dati live non disponibili",
   "Intel Picture": "Quadro intelligence",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index 9c716ec48..650869d13 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -716,6 +716,7 @@
   "loading...": "読込中…",
   "KEY REQUIRED": "キーが必要",
   "LIVE · updated {age}": "ライブ · 更新 {age}",
+  "24 h to {day} {time} UTC": "{day} {time} UTC までの24時間",
   "Source snapshot time unavailable": "ソースのスナップショット時刻を取得できません",
   "Live data unavailable": "ライブデータを利用できません",
   "Intel Picture": "情勢図",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index 1afd6d382..8545f38e8 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -732,6 +732,7 @@
   "loading...": "carregando...",
   "KEY REQUIRED": "CHAVE NECESSÁRIA",
   "LIVE · updated {age}": "AO VIVO · atualizado {age}",
+  "24 h to {day} {time} UTC": "24 h até {day} {time} UTC",
   "Source snapshot time unavailable": "Horário do snapshot da fonte indisponível",
   "Live data unavailable": "Dados ao vivo indisponíveis",
   "Intel Picture": "Panorama de inteligência",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index d6af529c0..4b3d2c9f5 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@
   "loading...": "загрузка...",
   "KEY REQUIRED": "ТРЕБУЕТСЯ КЛЮЧ",
   "LIVE · updated {age}": "ОНЛАЙН · обновлено {age}",
+  "24 h to {day} {time} UTC": "24 ч до {day} {time} UTC",
   "Retrying mapped sites…": "Повторный запрос объектов…",
   "Fetching mapped sites…": "Загрузка объектов…",
   "Zoom in to search mapped installations": "Приблизьте, чтобы искать картографированные объекты",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index 6826eb2fa..e5a26fd14 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -742,6 +742,7 @@
   "loading...": "завантаження...",
   "KEY REQUIRED": "ПОТРІБЕН КЛЮЧ",
   "LIVE · updated {age}": "ОНЛАЙН · оновлено {age}",
+  "24 h to {day} {time} UTC": "24 год до {day} {time} UTC",
   "Source snapshot time unavailable": "Час знімка джерела невідомий",
   "Live data unavailable": "Дані в реальному часі недоступні",
   "Intel Picture": "Розвідувальна обстановка",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index d0af7ee5e..707891bc2 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -716,6 +716,7 @@
   "loading...": "加载中…",
   "KEY REQUIRED": "需要密钥",
   "LIVE · updated {age}": "实时 · 更新于 {age}",
+  "24 h to {day} {time} UTC": "截至 {day} {time} UTC 的 24 小时",
   "Source snapshot time unavailable": "来源快照时间不可用",
   "Live data unavailable": "实时数据不可用",
   "Low-accuracy score < 2%": "低精度评分 < 2%",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index c0e22141b..5deb177ed 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -711,6 +711,7 @@
   "loading...": "加載中…",
   "KEY REQUIRED": "需要密鑰",
   "LIVE · updated {age}": "實時 · 更新於 {age}",
+  "24 h to {day} {time} UTC": "截至 {day} {time} UTC 的 24 小時",
   "Source snapshot time unavailable": "來源快照時間不可用",
   "Live data unavailable": "實時數據不可用",
   "Low-accuracy score < 2%": "低精度評分 < 2%",
diff --git a/src/layers/firms/ingestion.js b/src/layers/firms/ingestion.js
index cb9dbd72f..dc3f64d9a 100644
--- a/src/layers/firms/ingestion.js
+++ b/src/layers/firms/ingestion.js
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ export function createIngestion({
       layerState._keyRequired = false;
       layerState._error = null;
       layerState._stale = Boolean(payload?.stale);
+      // A snapshot of the 24 hours to a set time names it; one of the
+      // trailing 24 hours to now does not.
+      layerState._at = Number.isFinite(payload?.at) ? payload.at : null;
       const previousSelection = layerState._selectedFire;
       layerState._selectedFire = null;
       layerState._allFires = adaptFirmsRecords(payload?.fires);
diff --git a/src/layers/firms/lifecycle.js b/src/layers/firms/lifecycle.js
index 90d9cc217..d106ed5ad 100644
--- a/src/layers/firms/lifecycle.js
+++ b/src/layers/firms/lifecycle.js
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ export function createLifecycle({
       layerState._rowControlsListener = null;
       layerState._cellCount = 0;
       layerState._lastUpdate = null;
+      layerState._at = null;
       layerState._keyRequired = false;
       layerState._stale = false;
       layerState._error = null;
diff --git a/src/layers/firms/queries.js b/src/layers/firms/queries.js
index 34040ea43..f2e5674e5 100644
--- a/src/layers/firms/queries.js
+++ b/src/layers/firms/queries.js
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
   rampTrackGradient,
   sliderPositionForFrp,
 } from '../../data/firmsIntensity.js';
-import { formatNumber, t } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+import { formatNumber, formatUtcDayMonth, t } from '../../i18n/index.js';
 import { LOD_LEVELS, REFRESH_INTERVAL_MS } from './policy.js';
 
 /** Slider resolution: whole-percent positions along the log axis. */
@@ -190,8 +190,9 @@ export function createQueries({
      * Layer stats for the data panel. Degraded feed states surface through
      * `error` (established qa-failstate pattern: a dead feed must never look
      * like a healthy empty layer) with a matching human `loadingLabel`:
-     * 'LIVE · updated Xm ago' fresh, 'STALE · cached Xh' when the proxy
-     * served past-TTL cache, 'KEY REQUIRED' keyless.
+     * 'LIVE · updated Xm ago' fresh, '24 h to MM-DD HH:MM UTC' for a
+     * snapshot that ends at a set time (`at`), 'STALE · cached Xh' when the
+     * proxy served past-TTL cache, 'KEY REQUIRED' keyless.
      */
     getStats() {
       const now = Date.now();
@@ -213,6 +214,11 @@ export function createQueries({
         loadingLabel = staleText;
       } else if (layerState._error) {
         loadingLabel = layerState._error;
+      } else if (Number.isFinite(layerState._at)) {
+        loadingLabel = t('24 h to {day} {time} UTC', {
+          day: formatUtcDayMonth(layerState._at),
+          time: new Date(layerState._at).toISOString().slice(11, 16),
+        });
       } else if (layerState._lastUpdate) {
         loadingLabel = t('LIVE · updated {age}', {
           age: components.model.formatAgoMinutes(now - layerState._lastUpdate),
@@ -226,6 +232,9 @@ export function createQueries({
         lastUpdate: layerState._lastUpdate,
         loading: layerState._loading,
         stale: layerState._stale,
+        // The end of the 24 hours shown when the snapshot ends at a set time;
+        // null for the trailing 24 hours to now.
+        at: Number.isFinite(layerState._at) ? layerState._at : null,
         // The machine-readable half of the keyless state, ahead of the human
         // strings below: without it "no key configured" is indistinguishable
         // from a broken feed, and the row reads as a fault instead of a step
diff --git a/src/layers/firms/state.js b/src/layers/firms/state.js
index 0b96c53ea..8c34528ad 100644
--- a/src/layers/firms/state.js
+++ b/src/layers/firms/state.js
@@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ export function createFirmsState({ services, config }) {
 
   layerState._lastUpdate = null;
 
+  layerState._at = null;
+
   layerState._currentLodId = null;
 
   layerState._currentLodIndex = -1;

From 4ef0869a87f118605683bcbfdf37b817fb727a23 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 08:19:40 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 106/181] fix(firms): drop LIVE from the row's source and the
 voice answer for a snapshot that ends at a set time
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

The catalog source 'NASA FIRMS · LIVE' still led the row; getStats() now
names the source 'NASA FIRMS' for such a snapshot. get_active_fires says
"in the 24 hours to" its end and reports window_end. The end is checked
to be a printable time, cleared under KEY REQUIRED, the test moves next
to the layer, and the changelog and CURRENT-STATE describe it.
---
 changelog.d/1650-firms-window-label.md |  4 ++
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                  |  9 ++-
 server/providers/firms.js              |  9 +--
 src/i18n/firms-live-zh.test.mjs        | 40 -----------
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json               |  2 +-
 src/layers/firms/ingestion.js          |  7 +-
 src/layers/firms/queries.js            |  4 +-
 src/layers/firms/windowLabel.test.mjs  | 47 +++++++++++++
 src/tools/queries/hazards.js           |  9 ++-
 src/tools/queries/hazards.test.mjs     | 93 +++++++++++++++++++++++---
 10 files changed, 163 insertions(+), 61 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1650-firms-window-label.md
 create mode 100644 src/layers/firms/windowLabel.test.mjs

diff --git a/changelog.d/1650-firms-window-label.md b/changelog.d/1650-firms-window-label.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47b1f8bdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1650-firms-window-label.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+- A FIRMS snapshot that ends at a set time (`at`, epoch ms, from a source that
+  serves one) is no longer labelled live: the Active Fires row reads
+  `NASA FIRMS · 24 h to 10-21 15:00 UTC`, and `get_active_fires` says "in the
+  24 hours to" that time and reports it as `window_end` (samehkhamis, #1650).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 7e2470098..9c274434a 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ Consult the linked official advisory for safety decisions.
 
 Voice and HUD snapshots reuse the existing feedState classifier. Analyst follow-ups retain their original data provenance; current-view results append provenance without replacing legacy fields. HUD context and deterministic telemetry include non-nominal feed state.
 
-Analyst records come on demand from each layer's `getAnalystRecords`: flights, military, local ADS-B, vessels, satellites, launches, earthquakes, FIRMS (VIIRS and MODIS, with a `sensor` field), fire perimeters, cyclones, transit, bikeshare, ALPR cameras, mapped installations, datacenters and dams. `analyst_query` counts the whole loaded set (up to 250,000 records per layer; past that `coverage.records` reports `returned`, `total` and `truncated: true` and the result carries `complete: false`). Ranking keeps a top-k and scans in 20,000-row slices that yield to the page and stop when superseded. It refuses unknown fields, operators, units that do not convert (`altitudeM(ft)` converts), wrong-typed values, invalid centres, unknown scope kinds and sort fields with `code` and `allowed`, refuses a follow-up with no previous answer (`NO_RESULT_CONTEXT`) or naming other layers than that answer (`FOLLOW_UP_MISMATCH`), and tells `LAYER_OFF`, `NOT_READY` and `FEED_UNAVAILABLE` apart from a real zero; when only some layers can answer the result is `partial` with `unanswered` ids. The Contacts-window path applies the same filters, ranking and item shape to one immutable panel snapshot. Each aircraft layer retains at most 20,000 rows; reaching that bound sets `complete: false` and the spoken/card count becomes “At least”, never an exact claim. A superseded query never replaces follow-up memory, while sibling analyst calls from one assistant response do not cancel one another. Items carry `lat`/`lon`; the feed window (earthquakes and FIRMS: last 24 h), the precise scope and any caveat sit in `display`, which is on-screen detail rather than something the model recites. "In view" is still a radius around the view centre, not the visible footprint. Satellite distance is ground distance.
+Analyst records come on demand from each layer's `getAnalystRecords`: flights, military, local ADS-B, vessels, satellites, launches, earthquakes, FIRMS (VIIRS and MODIS, with a `sensor` field), fire perimeters, cyclones, transit, bikeshare, ALPR cameras, mapped installations, datacenters and dams. `analyst_query` counts the whole loaded set (up to 250,000 records per layer; past that `coverage.records` reports `returned`, `total` and `truncated: true` and the result carries `complete: false`). Ranking keeps a top-k and scans in 20,000-row slices that yield to the page and stop when superseded. It refuses unknown fields, operators, units that do not convert (`altitudeM(ft)` converts), wrong-typed values, invalid centres, unknown scope kinds and sort fields with `code` and `allowed`, refuses a follow-up with no previous answer (`NO_RESULT_CONTEXT`) or naming other layers than that answer (`FOLLOW_UP_MISMATCH`), and tells `LAYER_OFF`, `NOT_READY` and `FEED_UNAVAILABLE` apart from a real zero; when only some layers can answer the result is `partial` with `unanswered` ids. The Contacts-window path applies the same filters, ranking and item shape to one immutable panel snapshot. Each aircraft layer retains at most 20,000 rows; reaching that bound sets `complete: false` and the spoken/card count becomes “At least”, never an exact claim. A superseded query never replaces follow-up memory, while sibling analyst calls from one assistant response do not cancel one another. Items carry `lat`/`lon`; the feed window (earthquakes and FIRMS: last 24 h, or for FIRMS the 24 hours to a snapshot's `at`), the precise scope and any caveat sit in `display`, which is on-screen detail rather than something the model recites. "In view" is still a radius around the view centre, not the visible footprint. Satellite distance is ground distance.
 
 Keyless terrain tiles retry when Re:Earth throttles them. The browser fetches
 `terrain.reearth.land/cesium-mesh/ellipsoid/{z}/{x}/{y}.terrain` directly; no
@@ -2913,6 +2913,13 @@ reporting are unchanged.
 The FIRMS proxy requests VIIRS NOAA-20, VIIRS NOAA-21 and MODIS NRT (Terra and
 Aqua). It skips VIIRS Suomi NPP, which NASA stopped delivering on 2026-11-02.
 
+`/api/firms` answers the trailing 24 hours to now, and the Active Fires row
+reads `NASA FIRMS · LIVE · updated …`. A source may instead answer the 24 hours
+to a set time, naming its end as `at` (epoch ms): the row then reads
+`NASA FIRMS · 24 h to MM-DD HH:MM UTC`, `getStats()` reports `at`, and
+`get_active_fires` says "in the 24 hours to" that time and reports it as
+`window_end`. The dev proxy never sets `at`.
+
 The FIRMS CSV parser rejects impossible acquisition calendar dates before the proxy filters records to the trailing 24 hours, while retaining valid UTC acquisition times.
 The `get_active_fires` tool reports acquisition times as UTC ISO timestamps,
 including zero-padded hours and minutes; missing or invalid dates and times
diff --git a/server/providers/firms.js b/server/providers/firms.js
index 0fe7f1cb5..2b0e00944 100644
--- a/server/providers/firms.js
+++ b/server/providers/firms.js
@@ -145,15 +145,16 @@ export async function fetchFirms(
  *
  * Routes:
  *   GET /api/firms        → {fetchedAt, stale, ttlMs, sources, count, fires}
- *
- * The trailing 24 hours to now. A source may instead answer the 24 hours to
- * a set time, naming its end as `at` (epoch ms); the layer's row then shows
- * that time rather than LIVE. This proxy never sets `at`.
  *   GET /api/firms/status → {hasKey, lastFetch, count, stale, ttlMs, transactions}
  *
  * Keyless (no FIRMS_MAP_KEY): /api/firms → 503 {error:'no_key'}; status →
  * {hasKey:false}. Upstream is never touched without a key.
  *
+ * /api/firms answers the trailing 24 hours to now. A source may instead
+ * answer the 24 hours to a set time, naming its end as `at` (epoch ms); the
+ * layer's row then shows that time rather than LIVE. This proxy never sets
+ * `at`.
+ *
  * @returns {import('vite').Plugin}
  */
 export function firmsProxy() {
diff --git a/src/i18n/firms-live-zh.test.mjs b/src/i18n/firms-live-zh.test.mjs
index 04d22ec0d..03b3af6c8 100644
--- a/src/i18n/firms-live-zh.test.mjs
+++ b/src/i18n/firms-live-zh.test.mjs
@@ -43,43 +43,3 @@ for (const [age, zh, en, hant] of cases) {
     }
   });
 }
-
-test('a FIRMS snapshot that ends at a set time names it instead of LIVE', (context) => {
-  const now = 1800000000000;
-  context.mock.method(Date, 'now', () => now);
-  const previousLocale = getLocale();
-  const at = Date.UTC(2026, 9, 21, 15);
-  const layerState = {
-    _loading: false,
-    _stale: false,
-    _keyRequired: false,
-    _error: null,
-    _lastUpdate: now - 120000,
-    _at: at,
-    _count: 1,
-    _cellCount: 0,
-    _fires: [],
-  };
-  const model = createModel({ services: { anchors: {} } });
-  const { methods } = createQueries({
-    layerState,
-    components: { model },
-    config: {},
-  });
-  try {
-    setLocale('en');
-    assert.equal(methods.getStats().loadingLabel, '24 h to 10-21 15:00 UTC');
-    assert.equal(methods.getStats().at, at);
-    setLocale('de');
-    assert.equal(
-      methods.getStats().loadingLabel,
-      '24 Std. bis 21.10. 15:00 UTC',
-    );
-    layerState._at = null;
-    setLocale('en');
-    assert.equal(methods.getStats().loadingLabel, 'LIVE · updated 2m ago');
-    assert.equal(methods.getStats().at, null);
-  } finally {
-    setLocale(previousLocale);
-  }
-});
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index 452d8bf04..b3857c8a6 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -734,7 +734,7 @@
   "loading...": "chargement…",
   "KEY REQUIRED": "CLÉ REQUISE",
   "LIVE · updated {age}": "DIRECT · mis à jour {age}",
-  "24 h to {day} {time} UTC": "24 h jusqu’au {day} {time} UTC",
+  "24 h to {day} {time} UTC": "24 h jusqu'au {day} {time} UTC",
   "Source snapshot time unavailable": "Heure de l'instantané source indisponible",
   "Live data unavailable": "Données en direct indisponibles",
   "Intel Picture": "Situation renseignement",
diff --git a/src/layers/firms/ingestion.js b/src/layers/firms/ingestion.js
index dc3f64d9a..d70d52d46 100644
--- a/src/layers/firms/ingestion.js
+++ b/src/layers/firms/ingestion.js
@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@ import { fireDetectionKey } from '../../data/firmsLabels.js';
 import { filterFires } from '../../data/firmsIntensity.js';
 import { msg } from '../../i18n/index.js';
 
+/** A time a Date can print: epoch ms within JavaScript's date range. */
+const isSnapshotEnd = (value) =>
+  Number.isFinite(value) && Math.abs(value) <= 8_640_000_000_000_000;
+
 export function createIngestion({
   layerState,
   services,
@@ -32,6 +36,7 @@ export function createIngestion({
         return;
       if (payload.keyRequired) {
         layerState._keyRequired = true;
+        layerState._at = null;
         layerState._error = null;
         layerState._stale = false;
         return;
@@ -41,7 +46,7 @@ export function createIngestion({
       layerState._stale = Boolean(payload?.stale);
       // A snapshot of the 24 hours to a set time names it; one of the
       // trailing 24 hours to now does not.
-      layerState._at = Number.isFinite(payload?.at) ? payload.at : null;
+      layerState._at = isSnapshotEnd(payload?.at) ? payload.at : null;
       const previousSelection = layerState._selectedFire;
       layerState._selectedFire = null;
       layerState._allFires = adaptFirmsRecords(payload?.fires);
diff --git a/src/layers/firms/queries.js b/src/layers/firms/queries.js
index f2e5674e5..c6cf70d4e 100644
--- a/src/layers/firms/queries.js
+++ b/src/layers/firms/queries.js
@@ -233,8 +233,10 @@ export function createQueries({
         loading: layerState._loading,
         stale: layerState._stale,
         // The end of the 24 hours shown when the snapshot ends at a set time;
-        // null for the trailing 24 hours to now.
+        // null for the trailing 24 hours to now. Such a snapshot is not live,
+        // so the row names the provider without the catalog's "LIVE".
         at: Number.isFinite(layerState._at) ? layerState._at : null,
+        ...(Number.isFinite(layerState._at) ? { source: 'NASA FIRMS' } : {}),
         // The machine-readable half of the keyless state, ahead of the human
         // strings below: without it "no key configured" is indistinguishable
         // from a broken feed, and the row reads as a fault instead of a step
diff --git a/src/layers/firms/windowLabel.test.mjs b/src/layers/firms/windowLabel.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8113db14d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/firms/windowLabel.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { getLocale, setLocale } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+import { createModel } from './model.js';
+import { createQueries } from './queries.js';
+
+test('a FIRMS snapshot that ends at a set time names it instead of LIVE', (context) => {
+  const now = 1800000000000;
+  context.mock.method(Date, 'now', () => now);
+  const previousLocale = getLocale();
+  const at = Date.UTC(2026, 9, 21, 15);
+  const layerState = {
+    _loading: false,
+    _stale: false,
+    _keyRequired: false,
+    _error: null,
+    _lastUpdate: now - 120000,
+    _at: at,
+    _count: 1,
+    _cellCount: 0,
+    _fires: [],
+  };
+  const model = createModel({ services: { anchors: {} } });
+  const { methods } = createQueries({
+    layerState,
+    components: { model },
+    config: {},
+  });
+  try {
+    setLocale('en');
+    assert.equal(methods.getStats().loadingLabel, '24 h to 10-21 15:00 UTC');
+    assert.equal(methods.getStats().at, at);
+    assert.equal(methods.getStats().source, 'NASA FIRMS', 'the row drops LIVE');
+    setLocale('de');
+    assert.equal(
+      methods.getStats().loadingLabel,
+      '24 Std. bis 21.10. 15:00 UTC',
+    );
+    layerState._at = null;
+    setLocale('en');
+    assert.equal(methods.getStats().loadingLabel, 'LIVE · updated 2m ago');
+    assert.equal(methods.getStats().at, null);
+    assert.equal(methods.getStats().source, undefined);
+  } finally {
+    setLocale(previousLocale);
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/tools/queries/hazards.js b/src/tools/queries/hazards.js
index e671db426..817b01ff5 100644
--- a/src/tools/queries/hazards.js
+++ b/src/tools/queries/hazards.js
@@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ export const getActiveFires = defineTool({
   name: 'get_active_fires',
   title: 'Active fires',
   description:
-    'Satellite fire detections from NASA FIRMS in the last 24 hours within an ' +
+    'Satellite fire detections from NASA FIRMS in the last 24 hours (or the 24 ' +
+    'hours to window_end, when the source names one) within an ' +
     'area, most intense (fire radiative power) first. Optionally limited to a ' +
     'minimum fire radiative power in megawatts and a confidence level — the ' +
     "same filter as the Active Fires layer's intensity controls.",
@@ -171,7 +172,10 @@ export const getActiveFires = defineTool({
       summary:
         `${countNoun(fires.length, 'fire detection')}` +
         (filterNotes.length ? ` (${filterNotes.join(', ')})` : '') +
-        ` in ${area.label} in the last 24 hours` +
+        ` in ${area.label} ` +
+        (Number.isFinite(snapshot.at)
+          ? `in the 24 hours to ${isoTime(snapshot.at)}`
+          : 'in the last 24 hours') +
         (notes.length ? ` (${notes.join('; ')}).` : '.'),
       data: {
         view: suggestView(services, { area, layers: ['local-firms'] }),
@@ -182,6 +186,7 @@ export const getActiveFires = defineTool({
         stale,
         missing_sources: missing,
         fetched_at: isoTime(snapshot.fetchedAt),
+        window_end: Number.isFinite(snapshot.at) ? isoTime(snapshot.at) : null,
         ...result,
         rows: result.rows.map((fire) => ({
           lat: fire.lat,
diff --git a/src/tools/queries/hazards.test.mjs b/src/tools/queries/hazards.test.mjs
index c1d3eb43a..1c1529bc3 100644
--- a/src/tools/queries/hazards.test.mjs
+++ b/src/tools/queries/hazards.test.mjs
@@ -46,29 +46,80 @@ test('fire acquisition timestamps preserve valid leap days and UTC times', async
 });
 
 const WEEK = [
-  { lat: 24.1, lon: 121.1, frp: 864, confidence: 'l', acqDate: '2026-10-01', acqTime: '0100' },
-  { lat: 24.2, lon: 121.2, frp: 120, confidence: 'h', acqDate: '2026-10-01', acqTime: '0100' },
-  { lat: 24.3, lon: 121.3, frp: 20, confidence: 'n', acqDate: '2026-10-01', acqTime: '0100' },
-  { lat: 24.4, lon: 121.4, frp: 2, confidence: 'h', acqDate: '2026-10-01', acqTime: '0100' },
-  { lat: 30, lon: 100, frp: 500, confidence: 'h', acqDate: '2026-10-01', acqTime: '0100' },
+  {
+    lat: 24.1,
+    lon: 121.1,
+    frp: 864,
+    confidence: 'l',
+    acqDate: '2026-10-01',
+    acqTime: '0100',
+  },
+  {
+    lat: 24.2,
+    lon: 121.2,
+    frp: 120,
+    confidence: 'h',
+    acqDate: '2026-10-01',
+    acqTime: '0100',
+  },
+  {
+    lat: 24.3,
+    lon: 121.3,
+    frp: 20,
+    confidence: 'n',
+    acqDate: '2026-10-01',
+    acqTime: '0100',
+  },
+  {
+    lat: 24.4,
+    lon: 121.4,
+    frp: 2,
+    confidence: 'h',
+    acqDate: '2026-10-01',
+    acqTime: '0100',
+  },
+  {
+    lat: 30,
+    lon: 100,
+    frp: 500,
+    confidence: 'h',
+    acqDate: '2026-10-01',
+    acqTime: '0100',
+  },
 ];
 const TAIWAN = { area: { bbox: [120, 23, 122, 25] } };
 
 test('get_active_fires shows every detection by default and reports the filter it used', async () => {
   const result = await catalogWith(WEEK).call('get_active_fires', TAIWAN);
-  assert.deepEqual(result.data.rows.map((row) => row.frp_mw), [864, 120, 20, 2]);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    result.data.rows.map((row) => row.frp_mw),
+    [864, 120, 20, 2],
+  );
   assert.deepEqual(result.data.filter, { min_frp_mw: 0, confidence: 'all' });
   assert.match(result.summary, /^4 fire detections in /);
 });
 
 test('get_active_fires applies the same minimum-FRP and confidence filter as the layer', async () => {
   const catalog = catalogWith(WEEK);
-  const strong = await catalog.call('get_active_fires', { ...TAIWAN, min_frp_mw: 20 });
-  assert.deepEqual(strong.data.rows.map((row) => row.frp_mw), [864, 120, 20]);
+  const strong = await catalog.call('get_active_fires', {
+    ...TAIWAN,
+    min_frp_mw: 20,
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    strong.data.rows.map((row) => row.frp_mw),
+    [864, 120, 20],
+  );
   assert.match(strong.summary, /^3 fire detections \(≥ 20 MW\) in /);
 
-  const nominal = await catalog.call('get_active_fires', { ...TAIWAN, confidence: 'nominal' });
-  assert.deepEqual(nominal.data.rows.map((row) => row.frp_mw), [120, 20, 2], 'the 864 MW low-confidence fire drops');
+  const nominal = await catalog.call('get_active_fires', {
+    ...TAIWAN,
+    confidence: 'nominal',
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    nominal.data.rows.map((row) => row.frp_mw),
+    [120, 20, 2],
+    'the 864 MW low-confidence fire drops',
+  );
   assert.match(nominal.summary, /\(nominal or high confidence\)/);
 
   const both = await catalog.call('get_active_fires', {
@@ -76,7 +127,27 @@ test('get_active_fires applies the same minimum-FRP and confidence filter as the
     min_frp_mw: 19.6,
     confidence: 'high',
   });
-  assert.deepEqual(both.data.rows.map((row) => row.frp_mw), [120]);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    both.data.rows.map((row) => row.frp_mw),
+    [120],
+  );
   assert.deepEqual(both.data.filter, { min_frp_mw: 20, confidence: 'high' });
   assert.match(both.summary, /\(≥ 20 MW, high confidence\)/);
 });
+
+test('get_active_fires names the end of a snapshot that ends at a set time', async () => {
+  const at = Date.UTC(2026, 9, 1, 3);
+  const catalog = composeCatalog({
+    tools: [getActiveFires],
+    services: { fires: { getSnapshot: async () => ({ fires: WEEK, at }) } },
+  });
+  const result = await catalog.call('get_active_fires', TAIWAN);
+  assert.match(
+    result.summary,
+    /in the 24 hours to 2026-10-01T03:00:00\.000Z\.$/,
+  );
+  assert.equal(result.data.window_end, '2026-10-01T03:00:00.000Z');
+  const now = await catalogWith(WEEK).call('get_active_fires', TAIWAN);
+  assert.match(now.summary, /in the last 24 hours\.$/);
+  assert.equal(now.data.window_end, null);
+});

From c9559955f024eabf2d1bf5adae933397ae34616d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mazeyar Moeini Feizabadi <mazy.moeini@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 17:57:37 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 107/181] ci: announce merged PRs in Discord

---
 .github/workflows/discord-merged-pr.yml | 40 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 40 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/discord-merged-pr.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/discord-merged-pr.yml b/.github/workflows/discord-merged-pr.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f927d893
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/discord-merged-pr.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+name: Announce merged PRs in Discord
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [closed]
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  announce:
+    if: github.repository == 'bilawalsidhu/gods-eye-view' && github.event.pull_request.merged == true
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 2
+    steps:
+      # This uses the trusted base workflow and never checks out or runs PR code.
+      - name: Post to Discord contributions
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.DISCORD_CONTRIBUTIONS_WEBHOOK_URL }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ ! "$DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL" =~ ^https://discord\.com/api/webhooks/[0-9]+/[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$ ]]; then
+            echo '::error::Set DISCORD_CONTRIBUTIONS_WEBHOOK_URL to the Discord channel webhook URL.'
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          payload=$(jq -ce '
+            .pull_request | {
+              allowed_mentions: {parse: []},
+              embeds: [{
+                title: ("Merged #" + (.number | tostring) + ": " + (.title | .[0:115])),
+                url: .html_url,
+                footer: {text: ("By " + .user.login + " · into " + (.base.ref | .[0:100]))}
+              }]
+            }
+          ' "$GITHUB_EVENT_PATH")
+
+          curl --silent --show-error --fail --output /dev/null \
+            --connect-timeout 10 --max-time 20 --retry 3 --retry-max-time 50 \
+            --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-binary "$payload" \
+            --url "$DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL?wait=true"

From 7571e42556d6c092800874bb5d4acd69318de03a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 21:23:28 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 108/181] i18n(he): apply the second translation review
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- RECORD is «רשומה», a record rather than a recording.
- Time abbreviations end in the geresh again (דק׳, שנ׳, שע׳, ימ׳), and the
  counted forms agree with 1.
- Numbers after a Latin name, ordinals and units keep their order in RTL.
- Meaning, agreement and domain terms fixed across the catalog: cyclone
  advisories and storm centre, sensor swath, track-up, cinematic, tropical
  depression, pilot and sailing vessels, chips, metered billing, radio static,
  airspace, NOT AN ALL-CLEAR, and the remaining review items.
- LOOK and OFF-NADIR are translated; {value} KM stays Latin as an instrument
  readout, like KM/S.
- rtl.css shares the Arabic and Hebrew letter-spacing reset and drops the
  duplicated Arabic rules; he.md and its glossary follow the catalog.
---
 docs/translations/he.md       |   9 +-
 src/i18n/locales/he.json      | 626 +++++++++++++++++-----------------
 src/i18n/same-as-english.json |   4 +-
 src/ui/styles/rtl.css         |  35 +-
 4 files changed, 323 insertions(+), 351 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/translations/he.md b/docs/translations/he.md
index 44bb6f0c6..f6a7d1b14 100644
--- a/docs/translations/he.md
+++ b/docs/translations/he.md
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ Catalog: `src/i18n/locales/he.json`. General rules: [TRANSLATORS.md](../TRANSLAT
 
 - Address the user with a masculine imperative, Google style: הסתר, הצג, נסה שוב, התקרב. Menu items and tooltips take the noun form: הסרת {name}, הרחבת {name}, שינוי הצבע של {name}.
 - Sentence case: Hebrew has no case forms, so UPPERCASE English is normal sentence style here; short HUD labels stay short, favor an abbreviation over a wrapped line.
-- Keep the `·`, `—`, `→`, `↗`, `…` separators. Latin codes read inside RTL text because the app isolates interpolated values; leave them alone.
-- Units follow the catalog: ק"מ, מ׳, קמ"ש, שנ', דק', שע'. Instrument readouts and formatted shared-unit labels keep the Latin units (km, NM, FT, KTS, MW, KM/S); catalog prose outside those readouts keeps ק"מ/מ׳. Codes like HDG, FOV, CAL, SRC, REC stay exactly as in English — see `same-as-english.json`.
+- Units follow the catalog: ק"מ, מ׳, קמ"ש, שנ׳, דק׳, שע׳; an abbreviation always ends in the geresh (׳). Instrument readouts and formatted shared-unit labels keep the Latin units (km, NM, FT, KTS, MW, KM/S); catalog prose outside those readouts keeps ק"מ/מ׳. Codes like HDG, FOV, CAL, SRC, REC stay exactly as in English — see `same-as-english.json`.
 
 ## Digits and direction
 
@@ -46,20 +45,20 @@ With {count} shown as a digit, `two` and `other` share the plural noun (2 מצל
 | contact / tracking                             | מגע / עקיבה                                           |
 | installation / site                            | מתקן / אתר                                            |
 | camera / CCTV camera / ALPR camera             | מצלמה / מצלמת CCTV / מצלמת ALPR                       |
-| earthquake / active fire / cyclone             | רעידת אדמה / שרפה פעילה / ציקלון                      |
+| earthquake / active fire / cyclone             | רעידת אדמה / שריפה פעילה / ציקלון                     |
 | scene / shot                                   | סצנה / שוט                                            |
 | briefing / panel / dock                        | תדריך / פאנל / עגינה                                  |
 | visual preset / style                          | ערכת ראייה / סגנון                                   |
 | Scope (circular viewport mask) / keyhole       | סקופ / חור המנעול                                    |
 | heading (compass °) / course                   | כיוון / מהלך                                         |
 | HDG / BRG / CRS / FOV / DEST / SPD / RANGE     | בלי שינוי — קודי מכשיר                               |
-| advisory (NHC/CPHC cyclone)                    | ייעוץ; Advisory center — מרכז הייעוץ                  |
+| advisory (NHC/CPHC cyclone)                    | עדכון; Advisory center — מרכז הסערה לפי העדכון        |
 | Street View (Google)                           | Street View, בלי תרגום                                |
 | Street Level / Street Level layer              | Street Level, בלי תרגום (שם שכבה)                    |
 | WHOT/BHOT, Ironbow, CRT, NVG, FLIR             | בלי שינוי — קודים ושמות מצבים                        |
 | PREV / NEXT                                    | הקודם / הבא                                           |
 | anchor / data pack / asset bundle (scene)      | עוגן / חבילת נתונים / חבילת נכסים                   |
 | forecast (weather)                             | תחזית                                                 |
-| witness / geolocated source                    | עד ראייה / מקור נתון גיאוגרפית                        |
+| witness / geolocated source                    | עד ראייה / מקור מאוכן                                 |
 | contained (wildland fire) / FRP                | הכלה / FRP, בלי שינוי                                 |
 
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/he.json b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
index d614063b4..ff46a207e 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/he.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
   "Colour of {name}": "הצבע של {name}",
   "Hide {name}": "הסתרת {name}",
   "Show {name}": "הצגת {name}",
-  "Fly to {name}": "טוס אל {name}",
+  "Fly to {name}": "טיסה אל {name}",
   "Remove {name}": "הסרת {name}",
   "Pick a shape, then click the map.": "בחר צורה ואז לחץ על המפה.",
   "Enter to place the pin, Esc to cancel.": "Enter להצבת הסיכה, Esc לביטול.",
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
   "Loading the keyless globe...": "טוען גלובוס ללא מפתח...",
   "Google 3D Tiles unavailable ({detail}). Loading the keyless globe...": "Google 3D Tiles אינם זמינים ({detail}). טוען גלובוס ללא מפתח...",
   "Initializing systems...": "מאתחל מערכות...",
-  "Space Missions isolates replay data. Exit the mode to enable {layer}.": "משימות החלל מנתקות את נתוני ההשמעה החוזרת. צא מהמצב כדי להפעיל את {layer}.",
+  "Space Missions isolates replay data. Exit the mode to enable {layer}.": "מצב משימות החלל מבודד את נתוני ההצגה החוזרת. צא מהמצב כדי להפעיל את {layer}.",
   "Data attribution": "ייחוס נתונים",
   "Data provided by:": "הנתונים מסופקים על ידי:",
   "Close data attribution": "סגירת ייחוס הנתונים",
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
   "SOURCE CREDITED · LOCATION UNRESOLVED": "מקור מיוחס · מיקום לא הוכרע",
   "REFERENCE ONLY · CLAIMS UNVERIFIED": "לעיון בלבד · טענות לא אומתו",
   "SOURCE GEOCONFIRMED": "מקור אומת גיאוגרפית",
-  "2021 historical reference versus 2026 post-event imagery; changes are cumulative and include the July 2025 Rasuwagadhi flood. Schematic downstream progression, not modeled arrival time; not an official hazard model.": "מקור היסטורי של 2021 מול צילומי 2026 שאחרי האירוע; השינויים מצטברים וכוללים את השיטפון ב-Rasuwagadhi יולי 2025. ההתקדמות במורד הזרם סכמטית, אינה זמן הגעה ממודל; אינו מודל סיכונים רשמי.",
+  "2021 historical reference versus 2026 post-event imagery; changes are cumulative and include the July 2025 Rasuwagadhi flood. Schematic downstream progression, not modeled arrival time; not an official hazard model.": "תמונת ייחוס היסטורית מ-2021 מול צילומי 2026 שאחרי האירוע; השינויים מצטברים וכוללים את השיטפון ב-Rasuwagadhi ביולי 2025. ההתקדמות במורד הזרם סכמטית ואינה זמן הגעה ממודל; זה אינו מודל סיכונים רשמי.",
   "Immediate collapse viewpoint": "נקודת תצפית — הקריסה המיידית",
   "Collapse viewpoint": "נקודת תצפית — הקריסה",
   "Debris-dammed lake": "אגם סכור במפולת",
@@ -121,12 +121,12 @@
   "CONSEQUENCE": "תוצאה",
   "DOWNSTREAM CONSEQUENCE": "תוצאה במורד הזרם",
   "EVIDENCE": "ראיות",
-  "{year} HISTORICAL REFERENCE": "{year} מקור היסטורי",
+  "{year} HISTORICAL REFERENCE": "{year} ייחוס היסטורי",
   "{year} POST-EVENT": "{year} אחרי האירוע",
   "{count} GEOLOCATED SOURCE-MAP PLACEMENTS": {
-    "one": "{count} מיקום מקור נתון גיאוגרפית על המפה",
-    "two": "{count} מיקומי מקור נתונים גיאוגרפית על המפה",
-    "other": "{count} מיקומי מקור נתונים גיאוגרפית על המפה"
+    "one": "{count} מיקום מאוכן במפת המקורות",
+    "two": "{count} מיקומים מאוכנים במפת המקורות",
+    "other": "{count} מיקומים מאוכנים במפת המקורות"
   },
   "NO PREVIEW": "אין תצוגה מקדימה",
   "YouTube source": "מקור YouTube",
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
   "{publisher} / OPEN": "{publisher} / פתח",
   "▶ PLAY": "▶ נגן",
   "▶ PLAY SCENE": "▶ נגן סצנה",
-  "◉ CINEMATIC": "◉ קינמטי",
+  "◉ CINEMATIC": "◉ קולנועי",
   "↺ FULL STORY": "↺ הסיפור המלא",
   "Previous story beat": "קטע הסיפור הקודם",
   "Next story beat": "קטע הסיפור הבא",
@@ -145,15 +145,15 @@
   "CAPTURE TIME UNVERIFIED": "זמן הצילום לא אומת",
   "Rasuwagadhi witness": "עד Rasuwagadhi",
   "Open original source for {source}; capture time unverified": "פתיחת המקור המקורי של {source}; זמן הצילום לא אומת",
-  "Historical reference and post-event image divider": "מפריד בין תמונת המקור ההיסטורי לתמונה שאחרי האירוע",
-  "A historical reference {before} percent, B post-event {after} percent": "A מקור היסטורי {before} אחוזים, B אחרי האירוע {after} אחוזים",
+  "Historical reference and post-event image divider": "מפריד בין תמונת הייחוס ההיסטורית לתמונה שאחרי האירוע",
+  "A historical reference {before} percent, B post-event {after} percent": "A ייחוס היסטורי {before} אחוזים, B אחרי האירוע {after} אחוזים",
   "■ RELEASE CAMERA": "■ שחרר מצלמה",
   "Seek Nepal scene clock": "גרירה בשעון סצנת נפאל",
   "NEPAL SCENE CLOCK": "שעון סצנת נפאל",
   "… PLAYING SHOT": "… שוט בנגינה",
   "▶ PLAY SHOT": "▶ נגן שוט",
   "Ⅱ PAUSE": "Ⅱ השהה",
-  "↺ REPLAY CINEMATIC": "↺ נגן קינמטי שוב",
+  "↺ REPLAY CINEMATIC": "↺ נגן שוב במצב קולנועי",
   "↺ REPLAY": "↺ נגן שוב",
   "… PLAYING SCENE": "… סצנה בנגינה",
   "Continue {scene} from next shot": "המשך את {scene} מהשוט הבא",
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
     "two": "{count} מקורות",
     "other": "{count} מקורות"
   },
-  "OUTSIDE IMAGERY SWIPE": "החלקת צילומי חוץ",
+  "OUTSIDE IMAGERY SWIPE": "מחוץ להשוואת הצילומים",
   "{scene} / AUTHORED SHOT": "{scene} / שוט ידני",
   "NEPAL FLOOD INCIDENT": "אירוע השיטפון בנפאל",
   "Play {shot}": "נגן את {shot}",
@@ -190,12 +190,12 @@
   "CITIES": "ערים",
   "Keep the regional incident context and introduce nearby city labels": "שמירת ההקשר האזורי של האירוע והצגת תוויות ערים סמוכות",
   "PLACES": "מקומות",
-  "Introduce the reconstruction scene key places from trigger to downstream": "הצגת המקומות המרכזיים בסצנת השחזור, מהגורם ועד במורד הזרם",
+  "Introduce the reconstruction scene key places from trigger to downstream": "הצגת המקומות המרכזיים בסצנת השחזור, מהגורם ועד מורד הזרם",
   "PATH": "מסלול",
   "Animate the sourced cyan river-centerline route to Trishuli Bazaar": "הנפשת מסלול קו האמצע של הנהר בטורקיז עד Trishuli Bazaar, לפי המקורות",
   "OVERVIEW": "סקירה",
-  "Keep the completed flood path and location labels visible": "השארת מסלול השיטפון המושלם ותוויות המיקומים גלויים",
-  "RECORD": "הקלטה",
+  "Keep the completed flood path and location labels visible": "השארת מסלול השיטפון המלא ותוויות המיקומים גלויים",
+  "RECORD": "רשומה",
   "Reveal the trigger record while making a slow camera approach": "חשיפת רשומת הטריגר תוך התקרבות אטית של המצלמה",
   "{speed} kn": "{speed} kn",
   "That file is not valid JSON.": "הקובץ אינו JSON תקין.",
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@
   "That file has an unreadable image or exceeds the 16-megapixel image limit.": "הקובץ מכיל תמונה שלא ניתן לקרוא או חורג ממגבלת 16 מגה-פיקסל.",
   "That KML could not be read.": "את ה-KML לא ניתן לקרוא.",
   "That file has invalid point coordinates.": "הקובץ מכיל קואורדינטות נקודה בלתי תקינות.",
-  "Ground heights are not available for that file. Try again when the map has loaded.": "גבהי הקרקע אינם זמינים עבור הקובץ הזה. נסה שוב אחרי שהמפה נטענת.",
+  "Ground heights are not available for that file. Try again when the map has loaded.": "גבהי הקרקע אינם זמינים עבור הקובץ הזה. נסה שוב אחרי שהמפה תיטען.",
   "That file took too long to read.": "קריאת הקובץ ארכה יותר מדי זמן.",
   "Nothing to import.": "אין מה לייבא.",
   "That file is larger than {size} MiB.": "הקובץ גדול מ-{size} MiB.",
@@ -240,9 +240,9 @@
   "Map tiles temporarily unavailable": "אריחי המפה אינם זמינים זמנית",
   "Mapped names temporarily unavailable": "שמות ממופים אינם זמינים זמנית",
   "Overpass temporarily unavailable": "Overpass אינו זמין זמנית",
-  "Retrying mapped sites…": "מנסה שוב אתרים ממופים…",
+  "Retrying mapped sites…": "מנסה שוב לטעון אתרים ממופים…",
   "Fetching mapped sites…": "שולף אתרים ממופים…",
-  "{reason} — retrying in {seconds}s": "{reason} — מנסה שוב בעוד {seconds} שנ",
+  "{reason} — retrying in {seconds}s": "{reason} — מנסה שוב בעוד {seconds} שנ׳",
   "{reason} — retry pending": "{reason} — ניסיון חוזר בתור",
   "Zoom in to search mapped installations": "התקרב כדי לחפש מתקנים ממופים",
   "Showing cached mapped sites": "מציג אתרים ממופים מהמטמון",
@@ -273,15 +273,15 @@
   "VISUAL": "ויזואלי",
   "Brightest naked-eye objects — CelesTrak visual group": "העצמים הבהירים ביותר לעין בלתי מזוינת — קבוצת הויזואל של CelesTrak",
   "COMMS": "תקשורת",
-  "Broadband constellation shell — shown only in DENSE mode": "מעטפת קונסטלציית פס רחב — מוצגת במצב DENSE בלבד",
+  "Broadband constellation shell — shown only in DENSE mode": "מעטפת קונסטלציית פס רחב — מוצגת במצב \"דחוס\" בלבד",
   "FISHING": "דיג",
   "TOWING": "גרירה",
   "DREDGER": "מחפר",
   "DIVE OPS": "פעולות צלילה",
   "MILITARY": "צבאי",
-  "SAILING": "שייט",
+  "SAILING": "מפרשית",
   "PLEASURE": "פנאי",
-  "PILOT": "נחייה",
+  "PILOT": "סירת נתב",
   "SAR": "SAR",
   "TUG": "גוררת",
   "PORT TENDER": "אוניית שירות נמל",
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@
   "Starting live contacts…": "מתחיל מגעים חיים…",
   "Opening space missions…": "פותח משימות חלל…",
   "Scanning active events…": "סורק אירועים פעילים…",
-  "Live earthquakes and active fires, from USGS and NASA": "רעידות אדמה חיות ושרפות פעילות, מ-USGS ו-NASA",
+  "Live earthquakes and active fires, from USGS and NASA": "רעידות אדמה חיות ושריפות פעילות, מ-USGS ו-NASA",
   "It feels like a forbidden cockpit—then you realize the sources are public and the data is real.": "מרגיש כמו תא טייס אסור — ואז מבינים שהמקורות פומביים והנתונים אמיתיים.",
   "Working…": "מבצע…",
   "Could not open that mission{detail}. Retry or explore manually.": "לא ניתן לפתוח את המשימה הזאת{detail}. נסה שוב או חקור ידנית.",
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@
   "FALLBACK": "חלופה",
   "view band|STREET": "רחוב",
   "view band|CITY": "עיר",
-  "view band|METRO": "מטרו",
+  "view band|METRO": "מטרופולין",
   "view band|REGIONAL": "אזורי",
   "view band|GLOBAL": "גלובלי",
   "AIS: --": "AIS: --",
@@ -374,13 +374,13 @@
   "{name} may only contain printable characters with no spaces": "{name} יכול להכיל רק תווים שניתנים להדפסה ללא רווחים",
   "{name} contains a character that is not valid in a key (#, quotes, $, \\, or backtick)": "{name} מכיל תו שאינו תקין במפתח (#, מירכאות, $, \\, או בק-טיק)",
   "{name} is configured outside Provider Settings and can only be changed where it was set": "{name} מוגדר מחוץ להגדרות הספקים וניתן לשינוי רק במקום שבו הוגדר",
-  "The key was not saved: could not restrict the credential file to your account; nothing was saved": "המפתח לא נשמר: לא הצליח להגביל את קובץ הפרטים לחשבון שלך; לא נשמר דבר",
+  "The key was not saved: could not restrict the credential file to your account; nothing was saved": "המפתח לא נשמר: לא ניתן היה להגביל את קובץ הפרטים לחשבון שלך; לא נשמר דבר",
   "The key was not saved: the existing configuration could not be read, so nothing was changed": "המפתח לא נשמר: לא ניתן לקרוא את התצורה הקיימת, ולכן לא נעשה שינוי",
-  "Could not write the {store} store": "לא ניתן לכתוב את מחסן {store}",
+  "Could not write the {store} store": "לא ניתן לכתוב אל {store}",
   "Save failed ({status}).": "השמירה נכשלה ({status}).",
   "OAuth check failed: {detail}": "בדיקת OAuth נכשלה: {detail}",
   "Could not check ChatGPT sign-in. Try again.": "לא ניתן לבדוק את ההתחברות ל-ChatGPT. נסה שוב.",
-  "Metered — a billing-enabled account": "מדוד — חשבון מופעל חיוב",
+  "Metered — a billing-enabled account": "בתשלום לפי שימוש — חשבון עם חיוב פעיל",
   "Optional paid token — public access works without one": "אסימון בתשלום אופציונלי — הגישה הציבורית עובדת בלעדיו",
   "Free key — register, paste, done": "מפתח חינמי — להירשם, להדביק, סיימת",
   "Project keys: {status}": "מפתחות פרויקט: {status}",
@@ -389,9 +389,9 @@
   "Saving…": "שומר…",
   "Save failed: {detail}": "השמירה נכשלה: {detail}",
   "Paste at least one key first.": "הדבק קודם מפתח אחד לפחות.",
-  "Saved to {store}. Restarting — this page reloads itself.": "נשמר ב-{store}. מאתחל — העמוד הזה יטען את עצמו.",
+  "Saved to {store}. Restarting — this page reloads itself.": "נשמר ב-{store}. מאתחל — העמוד הזה ייטען מחדש מעצמו.",
   "Remove this key from your saved configuration?": "להסיר את המפתח הזה מהתצורה השמורה שלך?",
-  "Removed from {store}. Restarting — this page reloads itself.": "הוסר מ-{store}. מאתחל — העמוד הזה יטען את עצמו.",
+  "Removed from {store}. Restarting — this page reloads itself.": "הוסר מ-{store}. מאתחל — העמוד הזה ייטען מחדש מעצמו.",
   "Cloud voice will use OPENAI_API_KEY on the next session.": "הקול בענן ישתמש ב-OPENAI_API_KEY בהפעלה הבאה.",
   "Checking local ChatGPT OAuth sign-in…": "בודק התחברות OAuth מקומית ל-ChatGPT…",
   "Could not check ChatGPT sign-in.": "לא ניתן לבדוק את ההתחברות ל-ChatGPT.",
@@ -407,12 +407,12 @@
   "Places context + Street View fallback; optional separate key": "הקשר מקומות + גיבוי Street View; מפתח נפרד אופציונלי",
   "Voice control — API key or ChatGPT OAuth": "שליטה קולית — מפתח API או OAuth של ChatGPT",
   "Gemini Live voice control": "שליטה קולית של Gemini Live",
-  "Live ships, worldwide": "אוניות חיים, בכל העולם",
-  "Live active-fire detections": "זיהויי שרפות חיים",
+  "Live ships, worldwide": "אוניות בזמן אמת, בכל העולם",
+  "Live active-fire detections": "זיהויי שריפות חיים",
   "Real live traffic (keyless runs a simulation)": "תנועה חיה אמיתית (ללא מפתח רצה סימולציה)",
-  "Bing imagery map stacks + world terrain": "ערמות מפות צילומים של Bing + טופוגרפיה עולמית",
-  "More flight-polling credits (anonymous works without)": "אשראי דגימת טיסות נוסף (אנונימי עובד בלעדיו)",
-  "Street-level imagery and coverage in the Street Level layer. Free: register an app in the Mapillary developer dashboard and paste its Client Token": "צילומי רחוב וכיסוי בשכבת Street Level. חינם: רשמו אפליקציה במרכז השליטה המפתחים של Mapillary והדביקו את ה-Client Token שלה",
+  "Bing imagery map stacks + world terrain": "ערכות מפות צילומים של Bing + טופוגרפיה עולמית",
+  "More flight-polling credits (anonymous works without)": "מכסת דגימת טיסות גדולה יותר (אנונימי עובד גם בלעדיה)",
+  "Street-level imagery and coverage in the Street Level layer. Free: register an app in the Mapillary developer dashboard and paste its Client Token": "צילומי רחוב וכיסוי בשכבת Street Level. חינם: רשום אפליקציה בלוח הבקרה למפתחים של Mapillary והדבק את ה-Client Token שלה",
   "Public space-missions access needs no key. Leave blank for standard use; paid tokens only raise request limits.": "הגישה הציבורית למשימות החלל אינה דורשת מפתח. השאר ריק לשימוש הרגיל; אסימונים בתשלום מעלים רק את מגבלות הבקשות.",
   "Air quality request failed": "בקשת איכות האוויר נכשלה",
   "No readings available": "אין מדידות זמינות",
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@
   "Malformed AQHI observation response": "תשובת תצפיות AQHI פגומה",
   "Camera source temporarily unavailable": "מקור המצלמות אינו זמין זמנית",
   "Mapped camera locations": "מיקומי מצלמות ממופים",
-  "SHOW NEAREST": "הצג את הקרוב",
+  "SHOW NEAREST": "הצג את הקרובה",
   "Stop following the current object before navigating to a camera": "הפסק עקיבה אחר העצם הנוכחי לפני ניווט אל מצלמה",
   "Move to the nearest loaded camera and show its details": "מעבר אל המצלמה הקרובה שנטענה והצגת פרטיה",
   "Camera badges": "תגי מצלמות",
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@
     "two": "{count} בקרבה",
     "other": "{count} בקרבה"
   },
-  "retrying mapped ALPR cameras": "מנסה שוב מצלמות ALPR ממופות",
+  "retrying mapped ALPR cameras": "מנסה שוב לטעון מצלמות ALPR ממופות",
   "loading mapped ALPR cameras": "טוען מצלמות ALPR ממופות",
   "No ALPR data for this area — US and Canada only": "אין נתוני ALPR לאזור הזה — ארה\"ב וקנדה בלבד",
   "Zoom in to load mapped cameras": "התקרב כדי לטעון מצלמות ממופות",
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@
   "Next — nearest unvisited contact in the 250 km window": "הבא — המגע הקרוב ביותר שלא ביקרת בו בחלון של 250 ק\"מ",
   "Named areas ({n})": "אזורים בעלי שם ({n})",
   "{distance} FLIGHT / VESSEL WINDOW": "חלון טיסות / אוניות של {distance}",
-  "Open-source mapped/observed context. Missing broadcasts, unloaded map areas, or unmapped sites are not evidence of absence.": "הקשר ממופה/נצפה ממקורות פתוחים. שידורים חסרים, אזורי מפה שלא נטענו או אתרים שלא ממופו אינם הוכחה להיעדר.",
+  "Open-source mapped/observed context. Missing broadcasts, unloaded map areas, or unmapped sites are not evidence of absence.": "הקשר ממופה/נצפה ממקורות פתוחים. שידורים חסרים, אזורי מפה שלא נטענו או אתרים שלא מופו אינם הוכחה להיעדר.",
   "mapped matches within {km} km of the subject": "התאמות ממופות בטווח {km} ק\"מ מהעצם",
   "none mapped within {km} km; not a complete 250 km survey": "אין התאמות ממופות בטווח {km} ק\"מ; אינו מיפוי מלא של 250 ק\"מ",
   "mapped matches from the loaded viewport": "התאמות ממופות מתוך התצוגה שנטענה",
@@ -501,13 +501,13 @@
   "GBFS fetch error": "שגיאת אחזור GBFS",
   "Station {id}": "תחנה {id}",
   "Station": "תחנה",
-  "🚲 {bikes} avail · {docks} docks · {capacity} cap": "🚲 {bikes} זמינות · {docks} עמדות · {capacity} קיבולת",
+  "🚲 {bikes} avail · {docks} docks · {capacity} cap": "🚲 {bikes} זמינים · {docks} עמדות · {capacity} קיבולת",
   "⚠️ Not installed": "⚠️ לא מותקנת",
   "⚠️ Not renting": "⚠️ לא משכירה",
   "⚠️ Not returning": "⚠️ לא מקבלת החזרות",
   "HDG {value}° (ESTIMATED)": "HDG {value}° (מוערך)",
   "CALIBRATED": "מכויל",
-  "CURATED": "קוראטד",
+  "CURATED": "נבחר ידנית",
   "RAW PRIOR": "הערכה ראשונית",
   "SNAPSHOT": "תמונת מצב",
   "LIVE": "חי",
@@ -534,20 +534,20 @@
   "{value} CONTEXT": "הקשר {value}",
   "{spec} · SPECS: CCTV-DATABASE.COM": "{spec} · מפרט: CCTV-DATABASE.COM",
   "Atlantic and eastern/central North Pacific; not worldwide cyclone coverage.": "האטלנטי והפסיפיק הצפוני המזרחי/מרכזי; אין כיסוי ציקלונים עולמי.",
-  "Cyclone advisories unavailable": "ייעוצי ציקלונים אינם זמינים",
+  "Cyclone advisories unavailable": "עדכוני ציקלונים אינם זמינים",
   "Cyclone data unavailable": "נתוני ציקלונים אינם זמינים",
   "Potential tropical cyclone": "ציקלון טרופי פוטנציאלי",
   "Post-tropical cyclone": "ציקלון פוסט-טרופי",
   "Hurricane": "הוריקן",
   "Tropical storm": "סערה טרופית",
-  "Tropical depression": "דיפרסיה טרופית",
+  "Tropical depression": "שקע טרופי",
   "Subtropical storm": "סערה סובטרופית",
-  "Subtropical depression": "דיפרסיה סובטרופית",
-  "Track and cone match this advisory": "המסלול והחרוט תואמים לייעוץ הזה",
-  "Track/cone awaiting advisory {number}": "מסלול/חרוט ממתין לייעוץ {number}",
+  "Subtropical depression": "שקע סובטרופי",
+  "Track and cone match this advisory": "המסלול והחרוט תואמים לעדכון הזה",
+  "Track/cone awaiting advisory {number}": "מסלול/חרוט ממתין לעדכון {number}",
   "Track/cone unavailable": "מסלול/חרוט אינם זמינים",
-  "Cached advisory · stale source": "ייעוץ מהמטמון · מקור מיושן",
-  "Loading advisories…": "טוען ייעוצים…",
+  "Cached advisory · stale source": "עדכון מהמטמון · מקור מיושן",
+  "Loading advisories…": "טוען עדכונים…",
   "{count} active storms": {
     "one": "{count} סערה פעילה",
     "two": "{count} סערות פעילות",
@@ -555,18 +555,18 @@
   },
   "Position as of {time}": "מיקום נכון ל-{time}",
   "Maximum sustained wind: {wind} · Pressure: {pressure}": "רוח מתמשכת מרבית: {wind} · לחץ: {pressure}",
-  "{name} · {classification} · Advisory {number} · issued {time}": "{name} · {classification} · ייעוץ {number} · פורסם {time}",
+  "{name} · {classification} · Advisory {number} · issued {time}": "{name} · {classification} · עדכון {number} · פורסם {time}",
   "No active NHC/CPHC systems": "אין מערכות NHC/CPHC פעילות",
-  "Advisories unavailable": "ייעוצים אינם זמינים",
+  "Advisories unavailable": "עדכונים אינם זמינים",
   "Cyclones · NHC / CPHC": "ציקלונים · NHC / CPHC",
-  "Atlantic · E/C Pacific": "האטלנטי · הפסיפיק מ/צ",
+  "Atlantic · E/C Pacific": "האטלנטי · מזרח ומרכז הפסיפיק",
   "{storms} · {name} selected": "{storms} · {name} נבחר",
-  "Official advisory ↗": "ייעוץ רשמי ↗",
-  "Active NHC and CPHC cyclone advisories": "ייעוצי ציקלונים פעילים של NHC ו-CPHC",
+  "Official advisory ↗": "עדכון רשמי ↗",
+  "Active NHC and CPHC cyclone advisories": "עדכוני ציקלונים פעילים של NHC ו-CPHC",
   "Wind unavailable": "רוח אינה זמינה",
-  "Advisory center / forecast track": "מרכז הייעוץ / מסלול התחזית",
-  "Center-track uncertainty cone": "חרוט אי-הוודאות של מהלך המרכז",
-  "Select a storm on the map, or choose a storm in the list to select it and move the camera. Click empty map space to clear the selection. NOAA NHC/CPHC advisory context. The cone describes forecast center-track uncertainty, not storm size or the full hazard area. Forecast point labels are source lead hours, not times computed from advisory issuance. Geometry follows the surface; height is not weather altitude. Consult the official advisory.": "בחר סערה במפה, או בחר סערה ברשימה כדי לבחור אותה ולהזיז את המצלמה. לחץ בשטח ריק במפה כדי לבטל את הבחירה. הקשר ייעוצים של NOAA NHC/CPHC. החרוט מתאר אי-ודאות של מסלול המרכז בתחזית, לא את גודל הסערה ולא את מלוא אזור הסכנה. תוויות נקודות התחזית הן שעות חיזוי של המקור, לא זמנים שחושבו מפרסום הייעוץ. הגאומטריה נצמדת לפני הקרקע; הגובה אינו גובה מטאורולוגי. היוועץ בייעוץ הרשמי.",
+  "Advisory center / forecast track": "מרכז הסערה לפי העדכון / מסלול התחזית",
+  "Center-track uncertainty cone": "חרוט אי-הוודאות של מסלול המרכז",
+  "Select a storm on the map, or choose a storm in the list to select it and move the camera. Click empty map space to clear the selection. NOAA NHC/CPHC advisory context. The cone describes forecast center-track uncertainty, not storm size or the full hazard area. Forecast point labels are source lead hours, not times computed from advisory issuance. Geometry follows the surface; height is not weather altitude. Consult the official advisory.": "בחר סערה במפה, או בחר סערה ברשימה כדי לבחור אותה ולהזיז את המצלמה. לחץ בשטח ריק במפה כדי לבטל את הבחירה. הקשר עדכונים של NOAA NHC/CPHC. החרוט מתאר אי-ודאות של מסלול המרכז בתחזית, לא את גודל הסערה ולא את מלוא אזור הסכנה. תוויות נקודות התחזית הן שעות חיזוי של המקור, לא זמנים שחושבו מפרסום העדכון. הגאומטריה נצמדת לפני הקרקע; הגובה אינו גובה מטאורולוגי. עיין בעדכון הרשמי.",
   "Malformed cyclone snapshot": "תמונת מצב של ציקלון פגומה",
   "Cyclone request timed out": "בקשת הציקלון חרגה מהזמן הקצוב",
   "DRIVE": "נסיעה",
@@ -599,10 +599,10 @@
   "lane direction|sharply left": "השמאלי החד",
   "lane direction|sharply right": "הימני החד",
   "lane direction|straight": "הישר",
-  "ordinal|{number}st": "{number}.",
-  "ordinal|{number}nd": "{number}.",
-  "ordinal|{number}rd": "{number}.",
-  "ordinal|{number}th": "{number}.",
+  "ordinal|{number}st": "ה-{number}",
+  "ordinal|{number}nd": "ה-{number}",
+  "ordinal|{number}rd": "ה-{number}",
+  "ordinal|{number}th": "ה-{number}",
   "Head out on {road}": "צא אל {road}",
   "Head out": "צא לדרך",
   "Arrive at your destination, on the left": "הגעה ליעד, בצד שמאל",
@@ -622,8 +622,8 @@
   "At the end of the road, turn {direction}": "בקצה הכביש, פנה {direction}",
   "At the end of the road, continue onto {road}": "בקצה הכביש, המשך אל {road}",
   "At the end of the road, continue": "בקצה הכביש, המשך",
-  "Keep {direction} at the fork onto {road}": "הישאר {direction} בפיצול אל {road}",
-  "Keep {direction} at the fork": "הישאר {direction} בפיצול",
+  "Keep {direction} at the fork onto {road}": "בפיצול, המשך {direction} אל {road}",
+  "Keep {direction} at the fork": "בפיצול, המשך {direction}",
   "Continue at the fork onto {road}": "המשך בפיצול אל {road}",
   "Continue at the fork": "המשך בפיצול",
   "Merge {direction} onto {road}": "השתלב {direction} אל {road}",
@@ -636,14 +636,14 @@
   "Take the ramp {direction}": "היכנס לכביש הגישה {direction}",
   "Take the ramp onto {road}": "היכנס לכביש הגישה אל {road}",
   "Take the ramp": "היכנס לכביש הגישה",
-  "Take the exit on the {direction} onto {road}": "קח את היציאה {direction} אל {road}",
-  "Take the exit on the {direction}": "קח את היציאה {direction}",
-  "Take the exit {direction} onto {road}": "קח את היציאה {direction} אל {road}",
-  "Take the exit {direction}": "קח את היציאה {direction}",
-  "Take the exit onto {road}": "קח את היציאה אל {road}",
-  "Take the exit": "קח את היציאה",
-  "At the roundabout, take the {exit} exit onto {road}": "במעגל התנועה, היכנס ליציאה {exit} אל {road}",
-  "At the roundabout, take the {exit} exit": "במעגל התנועה, היכנס ליציאה {exit}",
+  "Take the exit on the {direction} onto {road}": "צא ביציאה {direction} אל {road}",
+  "Take the exit on the {direction}": "צא ביציאה {direction}",
+  "Take the exit {direction} onto {road}": "צא ביציאה {direction} אל {road}",
+  "Take the exit {direction}": "צא ביציאה {direction}",
+  "Take the exit onto {road}": "צא ביציאה אל {road}",
+  "Take the exit": "צא ביציאה",
+  "At the roundabout, take the {exit} exit onto {road}": "במעגל התנועה, צא ביציאה {exit} אל {road}",
+  "At the roundabout, take the {exit} exit": "במעגל התנועה, צא ביציאה {exit}",
   "Enter the roundabout onto {road}": "היכנס למעגל התנועה אל {road}",
   "Enter the roundabout": "היכנס למעגל התנועה",
   "At the roundabout, turn {direction} onto {road}": "במעגל התנועה, פנה {direction} אל {road}",
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@
   "Click a spot on the globe to place B (click again to cancel)": "לחץ על נקודה בגלובוס כדי לקבוע את B (לחיצה נוספת מבטלת)",
   "Then click the globe to place the destination": "ואז לחץ על הגלובוס להצבת היעד",
   "Swap A and B": "החלפה בין A ל-B",
-  "FLY ···": "עף ···",
+  "FLY ···": "טוס ···",
   "FLYING": "בטיסה",
   "FLY": "טוס",
   "Fly the camera along the route": "טוס עם המצלמה לאורך המסלול",
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@
   "press Escape twice to leave Draw": "הקש Escape פעמיים כדי לצאת משרטוט",
   "{name} is active — turn {name} off, then set {endpoint}": "{name} פעיל — כבה את {name} ואז קבע את {endpoint}",
   "{name} is active — {leave}, then set {endpoint}": "{name} פעיל — {leave} ואז קבע את {endpoint}",
-  "Only the first {count} turns of this route are shown": "מוצגים רק {count} הפניות הראשונות של המסלול הזה",
+  "Only the first {count} turns of this route are shown": "מוצגות רק {count} הפניות הראשונות של המסלול הזה",
   "Turn-by-turn directions": "הכוונה צעד אחר צעד",
   "Another map tool is using clicks — close it, then SET A again": "כלי מפה אחר משתמש בלחיצות — סגור אותו ואז קבע A שוב",
   "Routing…": "מחשב מסלול…",
@@ -696,10 +696,10 @@
   "From {lower}": "מ-{lower}",
   "Informational only · not for flight planning": "למידע בלבד · לא לתכנון טיסה",
   "Unnamed zone": "אזור ללא שם",
-  "Restricted airspace source unavailable": "מקור השמיים המוגבלים אינו זמין",
+  "Restricted airspace source unavailable": "מקור המרחב האווירי המוגבל אינו זמין",
   "Prohibited (P)": "אסור (P)",
   "Restricted (R)": "מוגבל (R)",
-  "FAA prohibited and restricted special-use airspace only, not the UAS Facility Map or UAS flight restrictions. Informational only — not a substitute for official UAS flight-planning tools (B4UFLY / LAANC).": "השמיים האסורים (P) והמוגבלים (R) לשימוש מיוחד של ה-FAA בלבד, לא מפת ה-UAS Facility ולא מגבלות הטיסה של UAS. למידע בלבד — אינו תחליף לכלי תכנון הטיסה הרשמיים של UAS (B4UFLY / LAANC).",
+  "FAA prohibited and restricted special-use airspace only, not the UAS Facility Map or UAS flight restrictions. Informational only — not a substitute for official UAS flight-planning tools (B4UFLY / LAANC).": "המרחב האווירי האסור (P) והמוגבל (R) לשימוש מיוחד של ה-FAA בלבד, לא מפת ה-UAS Facility ולא מגבלות הטיסה של UAS. למידע בלבד — אינו תחליף לכלי תכנון הטיסה הרשמיים של UAS (B4UFLY / LAANC).",
   "Prohibited": "אסור",
   "Restricted": "מוגבל",
   "Earthquake source unavailable": "מקור רעידות האדמה אינו זמין",
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@
   "FIRE · {frp} MW": "שריפה · {frp} MW",
   "NIGHT": "לילה",
   "▲ {frp} MW": "▲ {frp} MW",
-  "max {value} MW": "מקס {value} MW",
+  "max {value} MW": "מקס׳ {value} MW",
   "new {value}": "חדש לפני {value}",
   "{n} fires": {
     "one": "{n} שריפה",
@@ -724,18 +724,18 @@
   "{value}°W": "{value}°W",
   "just now": "כרגע",
   "<1m ago": "לפני פחות מדקה",
-  "{count}m ago": "לפני {count} דק'",
-  "{count}h ago": "לפני {count} שע'",
+  "{count}m ago": "לפני {count} דק׳",
+  "{count}h ago": "לפני {count} שע׳",
   "fire confidence|high": "גבוהה",
   "fire confidence|nominal": "רגילה",
   "fire confidence|low": "נמוכה",
   "age|<1h": "פחות משעה",
-  "age|{count}h": "{count} שע",
-  "age|{count}d": "{count} ימים",
+  "age|{count}h": "{count} שע׳",
+  "age|{count}d": "{count} ימ׳",
   "fire confidence filter|All": "הכול",
   "fire confidence filter|Nominal+": "רגילה+",
   "fire confidence filter|High": "גבוהה",
-  "Every detection — many of the strongest fires are rated low confidence": "כל זיהוי — חלק מהשריפות החזקות ביותר מדורגות בוודאות נמוכה",
+  "Every detection — many of the strongest fires are rated low confidence": "כל זיהוי — רבות מהשריפות החזקות ביותר מדורגות בוודאות נמוכה",
   "Nominal and high confidence detections": "זיהויים בוודאות רגילה וגבוהה",
   "High confidence detections only": "זיהויים בוודאות גבוהה בלבד",
   "Fire intensity (FRP)": "עוצמת השריפה (FRP)",
@@ -770,11 +770,11 @@
   "Report": "דוח",
   "Open the source for {title}": "פתיחת המקור של {title}",
   "GhostMaps catalog unavailable": "קטלוג GhostMaps אינו זמין",
-  "LIVE · GitHub {commit} · {message} · checked every {seconds}s": "חי · GitHub {commit} · {message} · בדיקה כל {seconds} שנ",
+  "LIVE · GitHub {commit} · {message} · checked every {seconds}s": "חי · GitHub {commit} · {message} · בדיקה כל {seconds} שנ׳",
   "GitHub {commit} · {message} · reconnecting for live updates": "GitHub {commit} · {message} · מתחבר מחדש לעדכונים חיים",
   "Connecting to the S2 GhostMaps repository…": "מתחבר למאגר S2 GhostMaps…",
   "{count} placemarks": {
-    "one": "{count} סימון מקום",
+    "one": "{count} סימן מקום",
     "two": "{count} סימני מקום",
     "other": "{count} סימני מקום"
   },
@@ -784,10 +784,10 @@
   "Low-accuracy score 2–10%": "ציון דיוק נמוך 2–10%",
   "Low-accuracy score > 10%": "ציון דיוק נמוך מעל 10%",
   "GNSS integrity source unavailable": "מקור שלמות ה-GNSS אינו זמין",
-  "Regional sample · 250 nm radius · cells from visited views over {minutes} min": "דגימה אזורית · רדיוס 250 מייל ימי · תאים מתצפיות שביקרת על פני {minutes} דק",
+  "Regional sample · 250 nm radius · cells from visited views over {minutes} min": "דגימה אזורית · רדיוס 250 מייל ימי · תאים מתצפיות שביקרת על פני {minutes} דק׳",
   "Retrying automatically at {time} UTC": "מנסה שוב אוטומטית ב-{time} UTC",
-  "Retrying automatically after provider cooldown": "מנסה שוב אוטומטית אחרי קירור הספק",
-  "Updates automatically after pan or zoom and once a minute. The public feed covers a 250-nautical-mile circle around the view centre; zooming out does not make it a worldwide snapshot. Blank cells are outside sampled coverage or have insufficient observations.": "מתעדכן אוטומטית אחרי הזזה או זום ופעם בדקה. הפיד הציבורי מכסה מעגל של 250 מייל ימי סביב מרכז התצוגה; זום החוצה לא הופך אותו לתמונת-מצב עולמית. תאים ריקים נמצאים מחוץ לדגימה או חסרי תצפיות דיין.",
+  "Retrying automatically after provider cooldown": "מנסה שוב אוטומטית אחרי תקופת ההמתנה של הספק",
+  "Updates automatically after pan or zoom and once a minute. The public feed covers a 250-nautical-mile circle around the view centre; zooming out does not make it a worldwide snapshot. Blank cells are outside sampled coverage or have insufficient observations.": "מתעדכן אוטומטית אחרי הזזה או זום ופעם בדקה. הפיד הציבורי מכסה מעגל של 250 מייל ימי סביב מרכז התצוגה; זום החוצה לא הופך אותו לתמונת-מצב עולמית. תאים ריקים נמצאים מחוץ לדגימה או שאין בהם די תצפיות.",
   "Low-accuracy score = 100 × max(0, bad − 1) / total: one aircraft is discounted, so this is not the raw share. Cells need {aircraft} aircraft over {minutes} minutes. Navigation-integrity anomalies are not a detection of jamming or spoofing.": "ציון דיוק נמוך = 100 × מקס(0, פגומים − 1) / סה\"כ: מטוס אחד מנוכה, ולכן זה אינו השבר הגולמי. לתאים דרושים {aircraft} מטוסים על פני {minutes} דקות. אנומליות שלמות ניווט אינן זיהוי של שיבוש או הטעיה.",
   "GNSS snapshot needs a view anchor": "תמונת מצב GNSS דורשת עוגן תצוגה",
   "GNSS feed rate limited (HTTP 429)": "פיד GNSS מוגבל בקצב (HTTP 429)",
@@ -800,7 +800,7 @@
   "installation class|BASE": "בסיס",
   "installation class|BARRACKS": "מחנה",
   "installation class|TRAINING AREA": "שטח אימונים",
-  "installation class|PLACES CANDIDATE": "מועמד למקומות",
+  "installation class|PLACES CANDIDATE": "מועמד מ-Places",
   "installation class|INSTALLATION": "מתקן",
   "No mapped sites within {km} km of the contact": "אין אתרים ממופים בטווח {km} ק\"מ מהמגע",
   "{count} mapped sites within {km} km of the contact": {
@@ -823,36 +823,36 @@
   "LAUNCH SITE": "אתר שיגור",
   "T−{time} · {mission}": "T−{time} · {mission}",
   "LAUNCH STANDBY": "המתנה לשיגור",
-  "LIFTOFF · {mission}": "ניתוק מהקרקע · {mission}",
+  "LIFTOFF · {mission}": "המראה · {mission}",
   "ASCENT REPLAY · {mission}": "שחזור עלייה · {mission}",
   "ASCENT ESTIMATE · {mission}": "הערכת עלייה · {mission}",
   "STAGE RE-ENTRY / RECOVERY · {mission}": "כניסה חוזרת / השבת שלב · {mission}",
   "ORBIT REPLAY · {mission}": "שחזור מסלול · {mission}",
   "PAUSED · {title}": "מושהה · {title}",
   "CONFIRMED": "מאושר",
-  "PAD / RTLS": "פלטפורמה / RTLS",
+  "PAD / RTLS": "כן שיגור / RTLS",
   "UNSPECIFIED": "לא צוין",
-  "{value} KM DOWNRANGE": "{value} ק\"מ במורד הטווח",
+  "{value} KM DOWNRANGE": "{value} ק\"מ לאורך המסלול",
   "POSITION UNAVAILABLE": "מיקום אינו זמין",
   "FLIGHT {count}": "טיסה {count}",
-  "REUSED": "משומש",
+  "REUSED": "בשימוש חוזר",
   "+{count} additional payload records": "+{count} רשומות מטען נוספות",
   "Select {mission}": "בחר את {mission}",
   "UNSPECIFIED OPERATOR": "מפעיל לא צוין",
   "DATE UNAVAILABLE": "תאריך אינו זמין",
-  "{count} / 30D": "{count} / 30D",
+  "{count} / 30D": "{count} / 30 יום",
   "NO MISSIONS AVAILABLE IN THE CURRENT 30-DAY WINDOW": "אין משימות זמינות בחלון 30 הימים הנוכחי",
-  "{value} KM": "{value} ק\"מ",
+  "{value} KM": "{value} KM",
   "{value} KM/S": "{value} KM/S",
-  "EST. DOWNRANGE": "הערכה במורד הטווח",
+  "EST. DOWNRANGE": "הערכה לאורך המסלול",
   "PLANNED · ": "מתוכנן · ",
   "SUPPLIED TRAJECTORY POINTS": "נקודות מסלול שסופקו",
   "RECONSTRUCTED ESTIMATE": "הערכת שחזור",
-  "Resume replay": "המשך השמעה חוזרת",
-  "Pause replay": "השהה השמעה חוזרת",
-  "T minus {seconds}": "נותרו {seconds} שנ לשיגור",
+  "Resume replay": "המשך את ההצגה החוזרת",
+  "Pause replay": "השהה את ההצגה החוזרת",
+  "T minus {seconds}": "נותרו {seconds} שנ׳ לשיגור",
   "Preparing launch site": "מכין את אתר השיגור",
-  "Liftoff": "ניתוק",
+  "Liftoff": "המראה",
   "Ascent replay": "שחזור עלייה",
   "Orbit replay": "שחזור מסלול",
   ", paused": ", מושהה",
@@ -869,8 +869,8 @@
   "ALT {altitude} FT · GS {speed} KT · TRK {track}": "ALT {altitude} FT · GS {speed} KT · TRK {track}",
   "V/S {rate}": "V/S {rate}",
   "V/S {rate} FPM": "V/S {rate} FPM",
-  "POSITION {age}": "מיקום לפני {age}",
-  "POSITION {seconds} S AGO": "מקום לפני {seconds} שנ",
+  "POSITION {age}": "מיקום {age}",
+  "POSITION {seconds} S AGO": "מיקום לפני {seconds} שנ׳",
   "{count} MSGS": {
     "one": "{count} הודעה",
     "two": "{count} הודעות",
@@ -902,7 +902,7 @@
   "fire behavior|Active": "פעיל",
   "fire behavior|Extreme": "קיצוני",
   "Type {level} Incident": "אירוע מדרגה {level}",
-  "age|{count}m": "{count} דקות",
+  "age|{count}m": "{count} דק׳",
   "{acres} ac": {
     "one": "{acres} אקר",
     "two": "{acres} אקר",
@@ -912,9 +912,9 @@
   "containment unknown": "הכלה לא ידועה",
   "{cause} cause": "סיבה {cause}",
   "{personnel} personnel": {
-    "one": "{personnel} כוח אדם",
-    "two": "{personnel} כוח אדם",
-    "other": "{personnel} כוח אדם"
+    "one": "{personnel} אנשי צוות",
+    "two": "{personnel} אנשי צוות",
+    "other": "{personnel} אנשי צוות"
   },
   "{county} County": "מחוז {county}",
   "{cost} to date": "{cost} עד כה",
@@ -926,7 +926,7 @@
   "Unnamed incident": "אירוע ללא שם",
   "Open {title} on InciWeb": "פתיחת {title} ב-InciWeb",
   "Perimeter source unavailable": "מקור ההיקף אינו זמין",
-  "Not contained or unknown": "לא הוכל או לא ידוע",
+  "Not contained or unknown": "ללא הכלה או לא ידוע",
   "Under 50% contained": "הכלה מתחת ל-50%",
   "50–99% contained": "הכלה 50–99%",
   "Fully contained": "הכלה מלאה",
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@
   "News": "חדשות",
   "Talk": "שיחות",
   "Weather / Emergency": "מזג אוויר / חירום",
-  "Public Safety": "ביטחון הפנים",
+  "Public Safety": "ביטחון הציבור",
   "Aviation / Marine": "תעופה / ימי",
   "Traffic / Transit": "תנועה / תחבורה",
   "Music": "מוזיקה",
@@ -971,7 +971,7 @@
   "Jazz": "ג׳אז",
   "Latin": "לטיני",
   "Metal": "מטאל",
-  "Oldies": "קלאסיקות",
+  "Oldies": "להיטי עבר",
   "Pop": "פופ",
   "Punk": "פאנק רוק",
   "R&B": "R&B",
@@ -996,9 +996,9 @@
   "Search cancelled": "החיפוש בוטל",
   "Box and images cleared": "התיבה והתמונות נוקו",
   "MORE DETAIL · 30 m": "יותר פירוט · 30 מ׳",
-  "Sentinel-2 and Landsat via HLS, 30 m, every 2–6 days": "Sentinel-2 ו-Landsat דרך HLS, 30 מ׳, כל 2–6 ימים",
+  "Sentinel-2 and Landsat via HLS, 30 m, every 2–6 days": "Sentinel-2 ו-Landsat דרך HLS, ברזולוציית 30 מ׳, כל 2–6 ימים",
   "DAILY OVERVIEW · 250 m": "סקירה יומית · 250 מ׳",
-  "VIIRS daily mosaic, 250 m, follows broad changes; little detail under 25 km": "פסיפס יומי של VIIRS, 250 מ׳, עוקב אחר שינויים רחבים; פירוט מעט מתחת ל-25 ק\"מ",
+  "VIIRS daily mosaic, 250 m, follows broad changes; little detail under 25 km": "פסיפס יומי של VIIRS, ברזולוציית 250 מ׳, עוקב אחר שינויים רחבים; מעט פירוט מתחת ל-25 ק\"מ",
   "Sentinel-2": "Sentinel-2",
   "Sentinel-2 via HLS": "Sentinel-2 דרך HLS",
   "Landsat 8/9": "Landsat 8/9",
@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@
   "Point the camera at the ground for street-level coverage": "כוון את המצלמה אל הקרקע כדי לראות כיסוי רחוב",
   "Coverage tile failed": "אריח הכיסוי נכשל",
   "The photo could not be loaded": "את התמונה לא ניתן לטעון",
-  "{name} photo. ← and → step along the sequence. On a 360° photo, drag or use Shift+← →, ↑ ↓ to look around, and + − to zoom": "תמונה של {name}. ← ו-→ דורכים ברצף. בתמונת 360°, גרור או השתמש ב-Shift+← →, ↑ ↓ להבט מסביב, ו-+ − לזום",
+  "{name} photo. ← and → step along the sequence. On a 360° photo, drag or use Shift+← →, ↑ ↓ to look around, and + − to zoom": "תמונה של {name}. ← ו-→ עוברים בין תמונות הרצף. בתמונת 360°, גרור או השתמש ב-Shift+← →, ↑ ↓ כדי להביט מסביב, ו-+ − לזום",
   "{name} street-level photo": "תמונת רחוב של {name}",
   "Previous photo in this sequence (←)": "התמונה הקודמת ברצף הזה (←)",
   "Next photo in this sequence (→)": "התמונה הבאה ברצף הזה (→)",
@@ -1107,21 +1107,21 @@
   "LIVE · Roads: OpenStreetMap · Flow: TomTom · {percent}% cov": "חי · כבישים: OpenStreetMap · זרימה: TomTom · {percent}% כיסוי",
   "SIMULATED · Roads: OpenStreetMap · Flow: TomTom (no matches)": "מדומה · כבישים: OpenStreetMap · זרימה: TomTom (אין התאמות)",
   "SIMULATED — traffic service unreachable": "מדומה — שירות התנועה אינו נגיש",
-  "SIMULATED — add TomTom key for live": "מדומה — הוסף מפתח TomTom לחי",
+  "SIMULATED — add TomTom key for live": "מדומה — הוסף מפתח TomTom לנתונים חיים",
   "OpenFreeMap tiles rate-limited": "אריחי OpenFreeMap מוגבלים בקצב",
   "OpenFreeMap tiles timed out": "אריחי OpenFreeMap חרגו מהזמן הקצוב",
   "OpenFreeMap tiles unavailable": "אריחי OpenFreeMap אינם זמינים",
-  "occupancy|empty": "פנויה",
+  "occupancy|empty": "ללא נוסעים",
   "occupancy|many seats available": "מקומות פנויים רבים",
   "occupancy|few seats available": "מעט מקומות פנויים",
   "occupancy|standing room only": "עמידה בלבד",
   "occupancy|crushed standing room only": "עמידה צפופה בלבד",
-  "occupancy|full": "מלאה",
-  "occupancy|not accepting passengers": "אינה מקבלת נוסעים",
+  "occupancy|full": "תפוסה מלאה",
+  "occupancy|not accepting passengers": "אין העלאת נוסעים",
   "occupancy|not boardable": "אין אפשרות עלייה",
   "Route {route}": "קו {route}",
   "Vehicle {vehicle}": "רכב {vehicle}",
-  "vehicle motion|Stopped": "עצור",
+  "vehicle motion|Stopped": "בעצירה",
   "No recent fix": "אין קביעת מיקום אחרונה",
   "Waiting for update": "ממתין לעדכון",
   "Moving": "נע",
@@ -1131,12 +1131,12 @@
   "Last report: arriving at stop {stop}": "דיווח אחרון: מגיע לתחנה {stop}",
   "Last report: next stop {stop}": "דיווח אחרון: התחנה הבאה {stop}",
   "Shown at street level · depth not in the feed": "מוצג בגובה הרחוב · המפלס אינו כלול בפיד",
-  "Reported {seconds} s ago": "דווח לפני {seconds} שניות",
-  "Reported {minutes} min ago": "דווח לפני {minutes} דק",
-  "shown {seconds} s behind": "מוצג {seconds} שניות מאחור",
+  "Reported {seconds} s ago": "דווח לפני {seconds} שנ׳",
+  "Reported {minutes} min ago": "דווח לפני {minutes} דק׳",
+  "shown {seconds} s behind": "מוצג באיחור של {seconds} שנ׳",
   "{reported} (feed time)": "{reported} (זמן הפיד)",
-  "Available trail: {minutes} min (limited)": "שובל זמין: {minutes} דק (מוגבל)",
-  "Available trail: {minutes} min": "שובל זמין: {minutes} דק",
+  "Available trail: {minutes} min (limited)": "שובל זמין: {minutes} דק׳ (מוגבל)",
+  "Available trail: {minutes} min": "שובל זמין: {minutes} דק׳",
   "Bus": "אוטובוס",
   "Tram": "חשמלית",
   "Subway": "רכבת תחתית",
@@ -1161,7 +1161,7 @@
   "feed down": "הפיד מושבת",
   "feed idle": "פיד בחוסר פעילות",
   "API key rejected — check AISSTREAM_API_KEY": "מפתח ה-API נדחה — בדוק את AISSTREAM_API_KEY",
-  "feed silent {seconds}s — no AIS data": "פיד שקט {seconds} שנ — אין נתוני AIS",
+  "feed silent {seconds}s — no AIS data": "פיד שקט {seconds} שנ׳ — אין נתוני AIS",
   "feed silent — no AIS data": "פיד שקט — אין נתוני AIS",
   "feed down — retrying slowly (attempt {attempt})": "הפיד מושבת — מנסה שוב לאט (ניסיון {attempt})",
   "reconnecting to feed… (attempt {attempt})": "מתחבר מחדש לפיד… (ניסיון {attempt})",
@@ -1175,10 +1175,10 @@
   "Weather imagery unavailable": "תצוגת מזג האוויר אינה זמינה",
   "Weather source unavailable; previous observation retained": "מקור מזג האוויר אינו זמין; התצפית הקודמת נשמרה",
   "Weather unavailable": "מזג האוויר אינו זמין",
-  "No frame within {gap} min of {time}": "אין שקופית בטווח {gap} דק מ-{time}",
-  "No frame within {gap} h of {time}": "אין שקופית בטווח {gap} שע מ-{time}",
-  "{hours}h {minutes}m ago": "לפני {hours} שע {minutes} דק",
-  "{minutes}m ago": "לפני {minutes} דק",
+  "No frame within {gap} min of {time}": "אין שקופית בטווח {gap} דק׳ מ-{time}",
+  "No frame within {gap} h of {time}": "אין שקופית בטווח {gap} שע׳ מ-{time}",
+  "{hours}h {minutes}m ago": "לפני {hours} שע׳ {minutes} דק׳",
+  "{minutes}m ago": "לפני {minutes} דק׳",
   "{state} · {time} · {lag}": "{state} · {time} · {lag}",
   "Observed": "נצפה",
   "History": "היסטוריה",
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@
   "{detail} · nearest": "{detail} · הקרוב",
   "RADAR · {units}": "רדאר · {units}",
   "RADAR REFLECTIVITY · dBZ": "רפלקטיביות רדאר · dBZ",
-  "LIGHTNING DENSITY · 15 min accumulation": "צפיפות ברקים · צבירה של 15 דק",
+  "LIGHTNING DENSITY · 15 min accumulation": "צפיפות ברקים · צבירה של 15 דק׳",
   "GLOBAL INFRARED · hourly": "אינפרא-אדום גלובלי · לכל שעה",
-  "GOES INFRARED · ~5 min": "אינפרא-אדום GOES · ~5 דק",
+  "GOES INFRARED · ~5 min": "אינפרא-אדום GOES · כל ~5 דק׳",
   "{state}: {time}": "{state}: {time}",
   "Latest observation": "התצפית האחרונה",
   "frame {index}/{total}": "שקופית {index} מתוך {total}",
@@ -1198,14 +1198,14 @@
   "Observation: unavailable": "תצפית: לא זמינה",
   "Contiguous US · gaps ≠ no rain": "ארה\"ב הרציפה · פערים ≠ אין גשם",
   "Americas + Pacific · not individual strikes": "האמריקות + הפסיפיק · לא פגיעות בודדות",
-  "60°S–60°N · typically 2–3 h delayed": "60°S–60°N · בדרך כלל בפער 2–3 שע",
+  "60°S–60°N · typically 2–3 h delayed": "60°S–60°N · בדרך כלל בפער 2–3 שע׳",
   "North America · infrared imagery": "אמריקה הצפונית · צילומי אינפרא-אדום",
-  "Color: strikes/km²/min ×10³": "צבע: פגיעות ברק/קמ\"ר/דק ×10³",
+  "Color: strikes/km²/min ×10³": "צבע: פגיעות ברק/קמ\"ר/דק׳ ×10³",
   "Color: {units}": "צבע: {units}",
   "Reduced motion · history playback unavailable": "תנועה מופחתת · הצגת ההיסטוריה אינה זמינה",
   "Reduced motion · manual history available": "תנועה מופחתת · היסטוריה ידנית זמינה",
   "Rain radar · US": "רדאר גשם · ארה\"ב",
-  "Lightning density · 15 min": "צפיפות ברקים · 15 דק",
+  "Lightning density · 15 min": "צפיפות ברקים · 15 דק׳",
   "Satellite clouds": "עננים מלוויין",
   "Americas + Pacific": "האמריקות + הפסיפיק",
   "Global · 60°S–60°N": "גלובלית · 60°S–60°N",
@@ -1214,28 +1214,28 @@
   "Stale source": "מקור מיושן",
   "Loading next frame…": "טוען את השקופית הבאה…",
   "Map center outside coverage": "מרכז המפה מחוץ לכיסוי",
-  "strikes/km²/min ×10³": "פגיעות ברק/קמ\"ר/דק ×10³",
+  "strikes/km²/min ×10³": "פגיעות ברק/קמ\"ר/דק׳ ×10³",
   "N. America": "צפ. אמריקה",
   "Global": "גלובלי",
   "Hourly global mosaic; usually 2–3 hours delayed": "פסיפס גלובלי של שעה; בדרך כלל בפער 2–3 שעות",
-  "GOES regional clouds; approximately 5-minute updates": "עננים אזוריים של GOES; עדכונים בערך כל 5 דק",
+  "GOES regional clouds; approximately 5-minute updates": "עננים אזוריים של GOES; עדכונים בערך כל 5 דק׳",
   "Clouds only": "עננים בלבד",
   "Apply the full cloud brightness key; 100% filter strength": "החל את מפתח בהירות העננים המלא; עוצמת סינון 100%",
   "Full": "מלא",
   "Show the complete infrared image; 0% filter strength": "הצג את תמונת האינפרא-אדום המלאה; עוצמת סינון 0%",
   "Soft": "רך",
-  "Vivid": "חי",
+  "Vivid": "עז",
   "Image opacity; does not alter the observed values": "אטימות התמונה; אינה משנה את הערכים הנצפים",
   "View coverage": "הצג כיסוי",
   "View US radar": "הצג רדאר ארה\"ב",
   "View Americas & Pacific": "הצג האמריקות והפסיפיק",
-  "{value} strikes/km²/min ×10³ (15-minute density)": "{value} פגיעות ברק/קמ\"ר/דק ×10³ (צפיפות 15 דק)",
+  "{value} strikes/km²/min ×10³ (15-minute density)": "{value} פגיעות ברק/קמ\"ר/דק׳ ×10³ (צפיפות 15 דק׳)",
   "{value} dBZ radar reflectivity": "{value} dBZ רפלקטיביות רדאר",
   "STALE · cached source metadata": "מיושן · מידע המקור מהמטמון",
   "Map center is outside source coverage": "מרכז המפה מחוץ לכיסוי המקור",
-  "NOAA/NWS 15-minute lightning density derived from Vaisala NLDN/GLD360. Coverage 110°E across the Pacific/Americas to 0°, 25°S–80°N. Not a live strike count, global coverage or a safety warning.": "צפיפות ברקים של 15 דק מ-NOAA/NWS, נגזרת מ-Vaisala NLDN/GLD360. כיסוי מ-110°E דרך הפסיפיק/האמריקות עד 0°, בין 25°S–80°N. אינו מנייה חיה של פגיעות, כיסוי גלובלי, ולא אזהרת בטיחות.",
-  "NOAA MRMS radar echoes indicate precipitation patterns, not rain rate, a storm warning or a future forecast. Native source approximately 1 km; display is limited to level 6. Frames use exact advertised observation times.": "הדי הרדאר של NOAA MRMS מציינים דפוסי משקעים, לא קצב גשם, אזהרת סערה או חזוי עתידי. המקור הילידי בערך 1 ק\"מ; התצוגה מוגבלת לרמה 6. השקופיות משתמשות בזמני התצפית שהוכרזו, במדויק.",
-  "GOES-19/18 longwave infrared Band 14 regional; NESDIS global longwave mosaic. Clouds only dims everything but bright, cold cloud tops; a brightness filter, not a cloud mask. Coverage and freshness differ by region.": "האינפרא-אדום בגלים ארוכים של GOES-19/18, ערוץ 14, אזורי; פסיפס עולמי של גלים ארוכים מ-NESDIS. „עננים בלבד\" מעמעם הכול מלבד ראשי העננים הקרים והבהירים; זהו מסנן בהירות, לא מסך עננים. הכיסוי והרעננות משתנים לפי האזור.",
+  "NOAA/NWS 15-minute lightning density derived from Vaisala NLDN/GLD360. Coverage 110°E across the Pacific/Americas to 0°, 25°S–80°N. Not a live strike count, global coverage or a safety warning.": "צפיפות ברקים של 15 דק׳ מ-NOAA/NWS, נגזרת מ-Vaisala NLDN/GLD360. כיסוי מ-110°E דרך הפסיפיק/האמריקות עד 0°, בין 25°S–80°N. אין מדובר בספירת פגיעות בזמן אמת, בכיסוי גלובלי או באזהרת בטיחות.",
+  "NOAA MRMS radar echoes indicate precipitation patterns, not rain rate, a storm warning or a future forecast. Native source approximately 1 km; display is limited to level 6. Frames use exact advertised observation times.": "הדי הרדאר של NOAA MRMS מציינים דפוסי משקעים, לא קצב גשם, אזהרת סערה או תחזית לעתיד. רזולוציית המקור כ-1 ק\"מ; התצוגה מוגבלת לרמה 6. השקופיות משתמשות בזמני התצפית המדויקים שפורסמו.",
+  "GOES-19/18 longwave infrared Band 14 regional; NESDIS global longwave mosaic. Clouds only dims everything but bright, cold cloud tops; a brightness filter, not a cloud mask. Coverage and freshness differ by region.": "האינפרא-אדום בגלים ארוכים של GOES-19/18, ערוץ 14, אזורי; פסיפס עולמי של גלים ארוכים מ-NESDIS. \"עננים בלבד\" מעמעם הכול מלבד ראשי העננים הקרים והבהירים; זהו מסנן בהירות, לא מסכת עננים. הכיסוי והרעננות משתנים לפי האזור.",
   "REGION": "אזור",
   "FILTER": "מסנן",
   "Cloud filter strength": "עוצמת סינון עננים",
@@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@
   "Mammals": "יונקים",
   "Reptiles": "זוחלים",
   "Amphibians": "דו-חיים",
-  "Ray-finned fishes": "דגי סנפיר",
+  "Ray-finned fishes": "מקריני סנפיר",
   "Insects": "חרקים",
   "Arachnids": "עכבישנים",
   "Plants": "צמחים",
@@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@
   "Wildlife Sightings": "תצפיות חיות בר",
   "Temperature field unavailable": "שדה הטמפרטורה אינו זמין",
   "Mean sea level pressure field unavailable": "שדה לחץ בגובה פני הים אינו זמין",
-  "Wind upstream unavailable": "מקור הרוח במעלה הזרם אינו זמין",
+  "Wind upstream unavailable": "שרת המקור של נתוני הרוח אינו זמין",
   "{source} HTTP {status}": "{source} HTTP {status}",
   "Wind": "רוח",
   "Wind source unavailable": "מקור הרוח אינו זמין",
@@ -1312,7 +1312,7 @@
   "Pressure": "לחץ",
   "Temperature": "טמפרטורה",
   "Wind trails with no field shading": "שובלי רוח ללא הצללת שדה",
-  "How hard the surface wind is blowing": "עד כמה חזקה נושבת הרוח בגובה הקרקע",
+  "How hard the surface wind is blowing": "באיזו עוצמה נושבת הרוח בגובה הקרקע",
   "Sea-level air pressure: broad highs and lows": "לחץ אוויר בגובה פני הים: אזורי לחץ גבוהים ונמוכים רחבים",
   "Air temperature two meters above the surface": "טמפרטורת אוויר שני מטרים מעל הקרקע",
   "Wind speed units": "יחידות מהירות רוח",
@@ -1324,7 +1324,7 @@
   "Issued: {time}": "פורסם: {time}",
   "Selected field unavailable · wind remains visible": "השדה הנבחר אינו זמין · הרוח נשארת גלויה",
   "{error} · wind remains visible": "{error} · הרוח נשארת גלויה",
-  "Surface wind at 10 m. Approximately 1° global grid. Curves follow the 10 m wind field, lifted 12 km for visibility; display height is not weather altitude. View lighting is for readability. Animation shows flow through one fixed forecast; it does not advance time. Color fields drape the globe basemap or the active photorealistic 3D Tiles.": "רוח פני הקרקע בגובה 10 מ׳, על סריג של כ-1°. העקומות עוקבות את שדה הרוח בגובה 10 מ׳, מוגבהות 12 ק\"מ לקריאות; גובה התצוגה אינו גובה מטאורולוגי. תאורת התצוגה נועדה לקריאות. ההנפשה מציגה זרימה בתחזית אחת קבועה; היא אינה מקדמת את הזמן. שדות הצבע נפרשים מעל מפת הבסיס של הגלובוס או מעל ה-3D Tiles הפוטוריאליסטיים הפעילים.",
+  "Surface wind at 10 m. Approximately 1° global grid. Curves follow the 10 m wind field, lifted 12 km for visibility; display height is not weather altitude. View lighting is for readability. Animation shows flow through one fixed forecast; it does not advance time. Color fields drape the globe basemap or the active photorealistic 3D Tiles.": "רוח פני הקרקע בגובה 10 מ׳, על סריג של כ-1°. העקומות עוקבות אחר שדה הרוח בגובה 10 מ׳, מוגבהות 12 ק\"מ לקריאות; גובה התצוגה אינו גובה מטאורולוגי. תאורת התצוגה נועדה לקריאות. ההנפשה מציגה זרימה בתחזית אחת קבועה; היא אינה מקדמת את הזמן. שדות הצבע נפרשים מעל מפת הבסיס של הגלובוס או מעל ה-3D Tiles הפוטוריאליסטיים הפעילים.",
   "MODEL": "מודל",
   "FIELD": "שדה",
   "UNITS": "יחידות",
@@ -1346,9 +1346,9 @@
   "WNW": "WNW",
   "NW": "NW",
   "NNW": "NNW",
-  "No surface reading": "אין קריאת שטח",
+  "No surface reading": "אין קריאה בגובה הקרקע",
   "Aim the map center at Earth": "כוון את מרכז המפה אל העולם",
-  "A location reading needs a loaded forecast and the Earth at the center of the view.": "קריאת מקום דורשת תחזית טעונה ואת כדור הארץ במרכז התצוגה.",
+  "A location reading needs a loaded forecast and the Earth at the center of the view.": "קריאת מיקום דורשת תחזית שנטענה ואת כדור הארץ במרכז התצוגה.",
   "Interpolated model forecast on an approximately 1° grid. Broad weather patterns, not a street-level measurement.": "תחזית מודל באינטרפולציה על סריג של כ-1°. דפוסי מזג אוויר רחבים, לא מדידה ברמת הרחוב.",
   " · calm": " · שקטה",
   " from {direction}": " מ-{direction}",
@@ -1365,33 +1365,33 @@
   "Error: {message}": "שגיאה: {message}",
   "Needs {envVars} — add it in Provider Settings": "דורש {envVars} — הוסף בהגדרות הספקים",
   "{label} is unavailable": "{label} אינו זמין",
-  "This map stack": "ערמת מפה זו",
-  "Google 3D tiles unavailable — check the key's API restrictions, quota, or network": "ה-Google 3D tiles אינם זמינים — בדוק את מגבלות ה-API של המפתח, את מכסה או את הרשת",
+  "This map stack": "ערכת מפות זו",
+  "Google 3D tiles unavailable — check the key's API restrictions, quota, or network": "ה-Google 3D tiles אינם זמינים — בדוק את מגבלות ה-API של המפתח, את המכסה או את הרשת",
   "Needs {envVars} — add it in Provider Settings — or a Cesium ion token for the ion-hosted route": "דורש {envVars} — הוסף בהגדרות הספקים — או אסימון Cesium ion לנתיב המתארח ב-ion",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to a camera": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל מצלמה",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to a location": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל מקום",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to a photo": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל תמונה",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to a shared view": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל תצוגה משותפת",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to a target": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל מטרה",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to a vessel": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל אונייה",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to a fire": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל שריפה",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to a sighting": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל תצפית",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to a sighting area": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל אזור תצפית",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to a route": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל מסלול",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to a file": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל קובץ",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to a drawing": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל שרטוט",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to a scene": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל סצנה",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a camera": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לטוס אל מצלמה",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a location": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לטוס אל מקום",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a photo": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לטוס אל תמונה",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a shared view": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לטוס אל תצוגה משותפת",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a target": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לטוס אל מטרה",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a vessel": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לטוס אל אונייה",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a fire": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לטוס אל שריפה",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a sighting": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לטוס אל תצפית",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a sighting area": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לטוס אל אזור תצפית",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a route": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לטוס אל מסלול",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a file": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לטוס אל קובץ",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a drawing": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לטוס אל שרטוט",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a scene": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לטוס אל סצנה",
   "Exit cockpit to view weather coverage": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לצפות בכיסוי מזג האוויר",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to a cyclone": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל ציקלון",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to an aircraft": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל מטוס",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to a satellite": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לעוף אל לוויין",
-  "Exit cockpit to frame contacts": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לסגור מגעים בתצוגה",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a cyclone": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לטוס אל ציקלון",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to an aircraft": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לטוס אל מטוס",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a satellite": "צא מתא הטייס כדי לטוס אל לוויין",
+  "Exit cockpit to frame contacts": "צא מתא הטייס כדי למסגר את המגעים",
   "Focusing {label}": "מתמקד ב-{label}",
   "Camera ownership changed": "בעלות המצלמה השתנתה",
   "Saved project could not be read; storage preserved. Import a valid file to resume saving.": "לא ניתן לקרוא את הפרויקט השמור; האחסון נשמר. ייבא קובץ תקין כדי לחדש שמירה.",
   "Ready": "מוכן",
   "Scene layer turned off": "שכבת הסצנה כבויה",
-  "Stopped": "עצר",
+  "Stopped": "נעצר",
   "Scene not saved — existing saved project could not be read. Export edits or import a valid file.": "הסצנה לא נשמרה — לא ניתן לקרוא את הפרויקט השמור הקיים. ייצא עריכות או ייבא קובץ תקין.",
   "Scene not saved — {reason}": "הסצנה לא נשמרה — {reason}",
   "Scene not saved — browser storage unavailable": "הסצנה לא נשמרה — אחסון הדפדפן אינו זמין",
@@ -1425,8 +1425,8 @@
   "Imported {file}": "יובא {file}",
   "Import failed: {error}": "הייבוא נכשל: {error}",
   "Import failed (could not read JSON file)": "הייבוא נכשל (לא ניתן לקרוא קובץ JSON)",
-  "Layers refused: {layers}": "שכבות שסירבו: {layers}",
-  "Could not exit {mode} — scene layers may be refused": "לא ניתן לצאת מ-{mode} — שכבות הסצנה עשויות להיסרב",
+  "Layers refused: {layers}": "שכבות שנדחו: {layers}",
+  "Could not exit {mode} — scene layers may be refused": "לא ניתן לצאת מ-{mode} — ייתכן ששכבות הסצנה יידחו",
   "Camera move interrupted": "תנועת המצלמה הופסקה",
   "Scene media timed out": "מדיית הסצנה חרגה מהזמן הקצוב",
   "Action complete": "הפעולה הושלמה",
@@ -1438,7 +1438,7 @@
   "Bhote Koshi Evidence Sequence": "רצף הראיות של Bhote Koshi",
   "Nepal Flood Incident": "אירוע השיטפון בנפאל",
   "Global Flights Radar": "מכ\"ם טיסות עולמי",
-  "Orbital Watch": "צפי מסלולי",
+  "Orbital Watch": "תצפית מסלולית",
   "Thermal Threat Board": "לוח איומים תרמיים",
   "City Overload": "עומס עירוני",
   "Omniscience Pullback": "נסיגת ראייה כוללת",
@@ -1482,8 +1482,8 @@
   },
   "{scene} / {pack}: {status}. File: {path}. {attribution} · {license}": "{scene} / {pack}: {status}. קובץ: {path}. {attribution} · {license}",
   "Unavailable layers: {layers}": "שכבות בלתי זמינות: {layers}",
-  "Uses registered content or linked media. Those external files are not included in a scene bundle. Their original notices still apply.": "משתמש בתוכן רשום או במדיה מקושרת. הקבצים החיצוניים האלה אינם נכללים בחבילת סצנה. הודעות המקור שלהם חלות בעינם.",
-  "{bytes} bundled bytes verified. Files stay in memory for this session. Reimport the bundle after reloading the app.": "{bytes} בתי החבילה מאומתים. הקבצים נשארים בזיכרון להפעלה הזאת. ייבא מחדש את החבילה אחרי טעינת האפליקציה.",
+  "Uses registered content or linked media. Those external files are not included in a scene bundle. Their original notices still apply.": "משתמש בתוכן רשום או במדיה מקושרת. הקבצים החיצוניים האלה אינם נכללים בחבילת סצנה. הודעות המקור שלהם חלות בעינן.",
+  "{bytes} bundled bytes verified. Files stay in memory for this session. Reimport the bundle after reloading the app.": "אומתו {bytes} בייטים בחבילה. הקבצים נשארים בזיכרון להפעלה הזאת. ייבא מחדש את החבילה אחרי טעינה מחדש של האפליקציה.",
   "Review scene import": "סקירת ייבוא סצנה",
   "Nothing is loaded or changed until you apply this file.": "עד שתאשר את הקובץ לא נטען ולא משתנה דבר.",
   "Ready to import": "מוכן לייבוא",
@@ -1510,7 +1510,7 @@
   "Choose data-pack files": "בחירת קבצי חבילת נתונים",
   "Or choose a data-pack folder": "או בחירת תיקיית חבילת נתונים",
   "Download asset bundle": "הורדת חבילת הנכסים",
-  "Asset bundle downloaded": "חבילת הנכסים ירדה",
+  "Asset bundle downloaded": "חבילת הנכסים הורדה",
   "No RTL-SDR device selected": "לא נבחר מקלט RTL-SDR",
   "WebUSB requires desktop Chrome or Edge on localhost/HTTPS": "WebUSB דורש Chrome או Edge שולחני ב-localhost/HTTPS",
   "RTL-SDR access failed; close other SDR apps and check USB permissions": "הגישה ל-RTL-SDR נכשלה; סגור אפליקציות SDR אחרות ובדוק הרשאות USB",
@@ -1568,7 +1568,7 @@
   "Link shared": "הקישור שותף",
   "Link copied!": "הקישור הועתק!",
   "Copy failed": "ההעתקה נכשלה",
-  "Tilted view": "תצוגה משופעת",
+  "Tilted view": "תצוגה מוטה",
   "Straight-down view": "תצוגה ישרה מלמעלה",
   "North up": "צפון מעלה",
   "CCTV calibration saved": "כיול CCTV נשמר",
@@ -1630,7 +1630,7 @@
     "two": "{count} מצלמות נטענו · הפעל CCTV להפעלה",
     "other": "{count} מצלמות נטענו · הפעל CCTV להפעלה"
   },
-  "Enable CCTV to load camera intersections": "הפעל CCTV לטעינת חיתוכי מצלמות",
+  "Enable CCTV to load camera intersections": "הפעל CCTV לטעינת מצלמות הצמתים",
   "Enable CCTV to start camera-linked intelligence summaries.": "הפעל CCTV להתחלת סיכומי מודיעין הקשורים למצלמות.",
   "No summary available.": "אין סיכום זמין.",
   "loading frames": "טוען שקופיות",
@@ -1645,8 +1645,8 @@
   "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · שאילתת מיקום · אחרונים",
   "LOCAL INFO": "מידע מקומי",
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "מקום / מצב / עמדה",
-  "Stop automatic page cycling. Previous, Next, and the SIG/NEWS/LOCAL tabs stay available.": "הפסק את מחזור העמודים האוטומטי. קודם, הבא, והלשוניות אותות/חדשות/מקומי נשארות זמינות.",
-  "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "מחזר את עמודי הדיווח אוטומטית כל 9 שניות (אותות → חדשות → מקומי). מושהה בזמן ריחוף או מיקוד הפאנל. נתוני האותות החיים מתרעננים כל הזמן בכל מקרה.",
+  "Stop automatic page cycling. Previous, Next, and the SIG/NEWS/LOCAL tabs stay available.": "הפסק את מחזור העמודים האוטומטי. הקודם, הבא והלשוניות אותות/חדשות/מקומי נשארים זמינים.",
+  "Cycle briefing pages automatically every 9 seconds (Signals → News → Local). Pauses while you hover or focus the panel. Live signal data refreshes continuously either way.": "מעבר אוטומטי בין עמודי התדריך כל 9 שניות (אותות → חדשות → מקומי). מושהה בזמן ריחוף או מיקוד הפאנל. נתוני האותות החיים מתרעננים כל הזמן בכל מקרה.",
   "CYCLE OFF": "מחזור כבוי",
   "ACQUIRING REGIONAL NEWS": "אוסף חדשות אזוריות",
   "RESOLVING REGION": "מזהה אזור",
@@ -1675,10 +1675,10 @@
   "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · מתקנים {coverage}",
   "MILITARY FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE": "פיד צבאי כבוי · תמונה חלקית",
   "FLIGHTS FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE": "פיד טיסות כבוי · תמונה חלקית",
-  "NEARBY AIRCRAFT INCOMPLETE · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "מטוסים סמוכים חלקיים · ללא אישור מלא",
+  "NEARBY AIRCRAFT INCOMPLETE · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "נתוני המטוסים הסמוכים חלקיים · לא אות הרגעה",
   "CONTEXT STANDBY": "ההקשר בהמתנה",
   "ENABLE GLOBAL CONTEXT FOR PROXIMITY PINGS": "הפעל הקשר גלובלי לפינגים של קרבה",
-  "CONTACT LOST · LAST KNOWN READOUT · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "המגע אבד · הקריאה האחרונה הידועה · ללא אישור מלא",
+  "CONTACT LOST · LAST KNOWN READOUT · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "המגע אבד · הקריאה האחרונה הידועה · לא אות הרגעה",
   "CONTACT LOST · {subject}": "המגע אבד · {subject}",
   "SUBJECT LEFT ITS FEED · READOUT HOLDING LAST KNOWN": "העצם יצא מהפיד · הקריאה מחזיקה את האחרון הידוע",
   "{cohort} · {contact}": "{cohort} · {contact}",
@@ -1686,16 +1686,16 @@
   "{cohort}, Unavailable": "{cohort}, לא זמין",
   "AHEAD": "לפנים",
   "{side} {angle}": "{side} {angle}",
-  "L": "L",
-  "R": "R",
+  "L": "שמאל",
+  "R": "ימין",
   "{count} INPUTS UNKNOWN · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": {
     "one": "{count} קלט לא ידוע · לא אות הרגעה",
     "two": "{count} קלטים לא ידועים · לא אות הרגעה",
     "other": "{count} קלטים לא ידועים · לא אות הרגעה"
   },
-  "AVAILABLE INPUTS CURRENT · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "הקלטים הזמינים עדכניים · ללא אישור מלא",
+  "AVAILABLE INPUTS CURRENT · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "הקלטים הזמינים עדכניים · לא אות הרגעה",
   "CONTACTS · 250 KM": "מגעים · 250 ק\"מ",
-  "AVAILABLE INPUTS ONLY · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "קלטים זמינים בלבד · ללא אישור מלא",
+  "AVAILABLE INPUTS ONLY · NOT AN ALL-CLEAR": "קלטים זמינים בלבד · לא אות הרגעה",
   "Normal": "רגיל",
   "Night vision": "ראיית לילה",
   "Thermal": "תרמי",
@@ -1708,7 +1708,7 @@
   "SQUAWK {code} · {status}": "SQUAWK {code} · {status}",
   "ADS-B PRIORITY · {status}": "עדיפות ADS-B · {status}",
   "ADS-B EMERGENCY · {status}": "חירום ADS-B · {status}",
-  "ACQUIRING SURFACE": "אוסף משטח",
+  "ACQUIRING SURFACE": "מאתר משטח",
   "SURFACE FALLBACK": "משטח חלופי",
   "STALE FEED": "פיד מיושן",
   "LIVE TRACK": "מעקב חי",
@@ -1718,9 +1718,9 @@
   "ARROW · ESTIMATED DIRECTION": "חץ · כיוון מוערך",
   "DEST {bearing}": "DEST {bearing}",
   "TIME UNKNOWN": "זמן לא ידוע",
-  "{count}M AGO": "לפני {count} דק",
-  "{count}H AGO": "לפני {count} שע",
-  "{count}D AGO": "לפני {count} ימ",
+  "{count}M AGO": "לפני {count} דק׳",
+  "{count}H AGO": "לפני {count} שע׳",
+  "{count}D AGO": "לפני {count} ימ׳",
   "DIR UNKNOWN": "כיוון לא ידוע",
   "COCKPIT": "תא טייס",
   "Select flight {title}": "בחירת הטיסה {title}",
@@ -1730,12 +1730,12 @@
   "{aircraftClass} · {distance}": "{aircraftClass} · {distance}",
   "DISTANCE UNKNOWN": "מרחק לא ידוע",
   "{count} INPUTS UNKNOWN": {
-    "one": "{count} קלטים לא ידועים",
+    "one": "{count} קלט לא ידוע",
     "two": "{count} קלטים לא ידועים",
     "other": "{count} קלטים לא ידועים"
   },
   "SOURCE STATUS UNAVAILABLE": "מצב המקור אינו זמין",
-  "TRACK ACQUIRED": "המעקב נתפס",
+  "TRACK ACQUIRED": "המעקב ננעל",
   "{label} · COURSE {heading}°": "{label} · מהלך {heading}°",
   "Context could not restore every layer; try again": "ההקשר לא שיחזר את כל השכבות; נסה שוב",
   "No selected data layers": "אין שכבות נתונים נבחרות",
@@ -1755,13 +1755,13 @@
   "Nearby installations could not be refreshed; try again": "לא ניתן לרענן את המתקנים הסמוכים; נסה שוב",
   "Space Missions cancellation could not restore the previous layer state": "ביטול משימות החלל לא שיחזר את מצב השכבה הקודם",
   "That layer is unavailable in the current Context mode": "השכבה הזאת אינה זמינה במצב ההקשר הנוכחי",
-  "{layerId} could not {action} cleanly": "{layerId} — הפעולה {action} לא הסתיימה בנקיון",
+  "{layerId} could not {action} cleanly": "{layerId} — הפעולה {action} לא הסתיימה כראוי",
   "start": "התחלה",
   "stop": "עצירה",
-  "{mode} could not start because another layer did not stop cleanly": "{mode} לא החל כי שכבה אחרת לא נעצרה בנקיון",
+  "{mode} could not start because another layer did not stop cleanly": "{mode} לא החל כי שכבה אחרת לא נעצרה כראוי",
   "Space Missions": "משימות חלל",
   "Context": "ההקשר",
-  "Ground heights could not be refreshed. Try the file again when the map has loaded.": "את גבהי הקרקע לא ניתן לרענן. נסה שוב את הקובץ כשהמפה נטענת.",
+  "Ground heights could not be refreshed. Try the file again when the map has loaded.": "את גבהי הקרקע לא ניתן לרענן. נסה שוב את הקובץ אחרי שהמפה תיטען.",
   "{count} map objects": {
     "one": "{count} אובייקט מפה",
     "two": "{count} אובייקטי מפה",
@@ -1793,7 +1793,7 @@
   "panel": "פאנל",
   "Live Flights": "טיסות חיות",
   "Military Flights": "טיסות צבאיות",
-  "Earthquakes (24h)": "רעידות אדמה (24 שע)",
+  "Earthquakes (24h)": "רעידות אדמה (24 שע׳)",
   "Satellites": "לוויינים",
   "Space Missions (30d)": "משימות חלל (30 יום)",
   "Street Traffic": "תנועה ברחובות",
@@ -1811,13 +1811,13 @@
   "OSM Places": "מקומות OSM",
   "Transit": "תחבורה ציבורית",
   "Recent Imagery": "צילומים אחרונים",
-  "Fire Perimeters": "היקפי שרפות",
+  "Fire Perimeters": "היקפי שריפות",
   "GNSS Integrity": "שלמות GNSS",
   "Prohibited & Restricted Airspace": "מרחב אווירי אסור ומוגבל",
   "S2 GhostMaps": "S2 GhostMaps",
   "Rain radar": "רדאר גשם",
   "Lightning density": "צפיפות ברקים",
-  "Cyclone advisories": "ייעוצי ציקלונים",
+  "Cyclone advisories": "עדכוני ציקלונים",
   "ALPR Cameras": "מצלמות ALPR",
   "Sea Marks": "סימני ים",
   "Ski Pistes": "מסלולי סקי",
@@ -1828,7 +1828,7 @@
   "Mapped ALPR Cameras": "מצלמות ALPR ממופות",
   "Data Centers": "מרכזי נתונים",
   "Active Fires": "שריפות פעילות",
-  "Military aircraft": "מטוס צבאי",
+  "Military aircraft": "מטוסים צבאיים",
   "Vessels": "אוניות",
   "CCTV + Street View fallback": "CCTV + גיבוי Street View",
   "OpenStreetMap + optional Google Maps Places": "OpenStreetMap + Google Maps Places אופציונלי",
@@ -1854,17 +1854,17 @@
   "Other layers": "שכבות אחרות",
   "{state} · {source}": "{state} · {source}",
   "UNCERTAIN · {source} · lifecycle state requires reconciliation": "לא ודאי · {source} · מצב מחזור החיים מצריך התאמה",
-  "{state} · {source} · {detail} · retry {seconds}s": "{state} · {source} · {detail} · ניסיון חוזר בעוד {seconds} שנ",
+  "{state} · {source} · {detail} · retry {seconds}s": "{state} · {source} · {detail} · ניסיון חוזר בעוד {seconds} שנ׳",
   "{state} · {source} · {detail}": "{state} · {source} · {detail}",
   "never": "לעולם לא",
   "{source} · {loadingLabel}": "{source} · {loadingLabel}",
   "{accepted} of {raw} records accepted": "התקבלו {accepted} מתוך {raw} רשומות",
   "incomplete snapshot": "תמונת מצב שאינה שלמה",
   "{state} · {source} · {detail} · {ago}": "{state} · {source} · {detail} · {ago}",
-  "{state} · {source} · {ago} · retrying in {seconds}s": "{state} · {source} · {ago} · מנסה שוב בעוד {seconds} שנ",
+  "{state} · {source} · {ago} · retrying in {seconds}s": "{state} · {source} · {ago} · מנסה שוב בעוד {seconds} שנ׳",
   "{state} · {source} · {ago}": "{state} · {source} · {ago}",
   "{source} · {ago}": "{source} · {ago}",
-  "{count}s ago": "לפני {count} שנ'",
+  "{count}s ago": "לפני {count} שנ׳",
   "Local FM stopped: internet radio started": "FM מקומי נעצר: רדיו אינטרנט החל",
   "IDLE": "אין פעילות",
   "CONNECTING": "מתחבר",
@@ -1904,17 +1904,17 @@
   "LOCATING…": "מאתר…",
   "LOCATED": "אותר",
   "LOCATE": "אתר",
-  " · read while Local ADS-B is on": " · נקרא בזמן ש-Local ADS-B פעיל",
+  " · read while Local ADS-B is on": " · נקרא בזמן ש-ADS-B מקומי פעיל",
   "Decoder feeds: {feeds}": "פידי דקודר: {feeds}",
   "📍 Location: --": "📍 מיקום: --",
   "Landmark: --": "ציון דרך: --",
-  "Searched location": "המקום שנחפש",
+  "Searched location": "המיקום שחיפשת",
   "Location not found": "המקום לא נמצא",
   "Check the spelling and press Enter to search again.": "בדוק את האיות והקש Enter כדי לחפש שוב.",
   "Search failed": "החיפוש נכשל",
   "Press Enter to try again.": "הקש Enter לניסיון חוזר.",
   "Detailed outline unavailable": "קו המתאר המפורט אינו זמין",
-  "Fly to a POI first": "עוף קודם אל נקודת עניין",
+  "Fly to a POI first": "טוס קודם אל נקודת עניין",
   "{label} unavailable: {hint}": "{label} אינו זמין: {hint}",
   "MAP": "מפה",
   "Layers": "שכבות",
@@ -1947,7 +1947,7 @@
   "OFF AIR": "מחוץ לשידור",
   "STATION UNAVAILABLE": "התחנה אינה זמינה",
   "Station unavailable after directory refresh": "התחנה אינה זמינה אחרי רענון המדריך",
-  "Radio could not {action} cleanly": "הרדיו לא השלים את {action} בנקיון",
+  "Radio could not {action} cleanly": "הרדיו — הפעולה {action} לא הסתיימה כראוי",
   "SYNC": "סנכרון",
   "RECONCILE": "התאמה",
   "DISABLE": "כיבוי",
@@ -1964,9 +1964,9 @@
   "Play": "נגן",
   "PAUSE": "השהה",
   "RESUME": "המשך",
-  "PLAY": "נגינה",
-  "selected": "נבחר",
-  "nearest": "הקרוב",
+  "PLAY": "נגן",
+  "selected": "הנבחרת",
+  "nearest": "הקרובה",
   "{action} {target} radio station": "{action} את תחנת הרדיו {target}",
   "station": "תחנה",
   " · stale/degraded directory": " · מדריך מיושן/מופחת",
@@ -1982,8 +1982,8 @@
   "Broadcaster stream unavailable": "זרימת המשדר אינה זמינה",
   " · muted during voice interaction": " · מושתק בזמן אינטראקציה קולית",
   " · restoring volume after voice": " · מחזיר עוצמה אחרי הקול",
-  " · static indicates no broadcaster audio": " · רקע רק מעיד שאין שמע מהמשדר",
-  " · tuning static until broadcaster starts": " · רקע עד לתחילת השידור של המשדר",
+  " · static indicates no broadcaster audio": " · רעש סטטי מעיד שאין שמע מהמשדר",
+  " · tuning static until broadcaster starts": " · רעש כוונון עד שהמשדר יתחיל לשדר",
   "Station unavailable after directory refresh — choose another channel": "התחנה אינה זמינה אחרי רענון המדריך — בחר ערוץ אחר",
   "Radio is enabling…": "הרדיו במהלך הפעלה…",
   "Radio is disabling…": "הרדיו במהלך כיבוי…",
@@ -2008,8 +2008,8 @@
   "View is {size} wide · limit {limit}": "רוחב התצוגה {size} · מגבלה {limit}",
   "VS BASEMAP": "מול מפת הבסיס",
   "A / B": "A / B",
-  "Newest low-cloud day for this box · scene cloud, not box cloud": "היום החדש ביותר בעל עננות נמוכה לתיבה הזאת · עננות הסצנה, לא עננות התיבה",
-  "Newest day covering this box · cloudier than 20%": "היום החדש ביותר המכסה את התיבה הזאת · מעונן מ-20%",
+  "Newest low-cloud day for this box · scene cloud, not box cloud": "היום החדש ביותר עם מעט עננים לתיבה הזאת · עננות הסצנה, לא עננות התיבה",
+  "Newest day covering this box · cloudier than 20%": "היום החדש ביותר המכסה את התיבה הזאת · עננות מעל 20%",
   "Newest day with imagery for this box · partial coverage": "היום החדש ביותר עם צילומים לתיבה הזאת · כיסוי חלקי",
   "Newest daily overview for this box": "הסקירה היומית החדשה ביותר לתיבה הזאת",
   "newest clear day": "היום הבהיר החדש ביותר",
@@ -2070,7 +2070,7 @@
   "Download {slot} as a PNG": "הורדת {slot} כקובץ PNG",
   "Download the image as a PNG": "הורדת התמונה כקובץ PNG",
   "Box {width} × {height} km": "תיבה {width} × {height} ק\"מ",
-  "Acquired {time}": "נאסף {time}",
+  "Acquired {time}": "צולם {time}",
   "Coverage {coverage}": "כיסוי {coverage}",
   "START HERE · {reason}": "התחלה כאן · {reason}",
   "Daily overview shows little detail in a box this small": "הסקירה היומית מציגה מעט פירוט בתיבה קטנה כל כך",
@@ -2089,7 +2089,7 @@
   "{before} {left} percent, {after} {right} percent": "{before} {left} אחוזים, {after} {right} אחוזים",
   "Export failed · {error}": "הייצוא נכשל · {error}",
   "START HERE": "התחלה כאן",
-  "Fly in until the view fits the 1,000 km limit": "עוף פנימה עד שהתצוגה נכנסת למגבלה של 1,000 ק\"מ",
+  "Fly in until the view fits the 1,000 km limit": "טוס פנימה עד שהתצוגה תיכנס למגבלה של 1,000 ק\"מ",
   "ZOOM IN": "התקרבות",
   "Imagery days, newest first · arrows move, S or A and B pin": "ימי צילומים, חדש בראש · החצים מזיזים, S או A ו-B מקבעים",
   "On the map": "על המפה",
@@ -2105,7 +2105,7 @@
   "Stopped (Esc)": "נעצר (Esc)",
   "SPARSE": "דליל",
   "BALANCED": "מאוזן",
-  "{duration}s + {hold}s": "{duration} שנ + {hold} שנ",
+  "{duration}s + {hold}s": "{duration} שנ׳ + {hold} שנ׳",
   "Cancel": "ביטול",
   "Shared flight follow expired": "עקיבת הטיסה המשותפת פגה",
   "Shared military flight follow expired": "עקיבת הטיסה הצבאית המשותפת פגה",
@@ -2124,8 +2124,8 @@
   "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "{id} לא מדווח עכשיו — מציג היכן היה ב-{time}",
   "This share link can't be opened": "לא ניתן לפתוח את קישור השיתוף הזה",
   "Shared vessel is unavailable": "האונייה המשותפת אינה זמינה",
-  "ACQUIRING": "אוסף",
-  "SHARED {subject}": "{subject} משותף",
+  "ACQUIRING": "מאתר",
+  "SHARED {subject}": "שיתוף: {subject}",
   "subject": "עצם",
   "LOADING LIVE DATA": "טוען נתונים חיים",
   "LOAD COMPLETE": "הטעינה הושלמה",
@@ -2133,9 +2133,9 @@
   "LOAD FAILED": "הטעינה נכשלה",
   "LIVE DATA OFF": "נתונים חיים כבויים",
   "MAPPED SITES LOADED": "אתרים ממופים נטענו",
-  "RETRYING MAPPED SITES": "מנסה שוב אתרים ממופים",
+  "RETRYING MAPPED SITES": "מנסה שוב לטעון אתרים ממופים",
   "FETCHING MAPPED SITES": "שולף אתרים ממופים",
-  "RETRYING ALPR CAMERAS": "מנסה שוב מצלמות ALPR",
+  "RETRYING ALPR CAMERAS": "מנסה שוב לטעון מצלמות ALPR",
   "FETCHING ALPR CAMERAS": "שולף מצלמות ALPR",
   "OVERPASS TEMPORARILY UNAVAILABLE": "OVERPASS אינו זמין זמנית",
   "OVERPASS RATE-LIMITED": "OVERPASS מוגבל בקצב",
@@ -2147,7 +2147,7 @@
   "REFRESHING LIVE DATA": "מרענן נתונים חיים",
   "syncing road network": "מסנכרן את רשת הכבישים",
   "retry pending": "ניסיון חוזר בתור",
-  "retrying in {seconds}s": "מנסה שוב בעוד {seconds} שנ",
+  "retrying in {seconds}s": "מנסה שוב בעוד {seconds} שנ׳",
   "ALPR cameras": "מצלמות ALPR",
   "OpenSky OAuth client missing/invalid": "לקוח ה-OAuth של OpenSky חסר או בלתי תקין",
   "OpenSky OAuth rejected credentials": "אישורי ה-OAuth של OpenSky נדחו",
@@ -2167,7 +2167,7 @@
     "other": "{count} קבוצות CelesTrak אינן זמינות"
   },
   "{feed} feed unavailable": "הפיד {feed} אינו זמין",
-  "Source snapshot {minutes} min old": "תמונת המצב של המקור בת {minutes} דק",
+  "Source snapshot {minutes} min old": "תמונת המצב של המקור בת {minutes} דק׳",
   "{source} rate limited (anonymous)": "{source} מוגבל בקצב (אנונימי)",
   "{source} rate limited": "{source} מוגבל בקצב",
   "{source} network error": "שגיאת רשת ב-{source}",
@@ -2204,15 +2204,15 @@
     "two": "{count} נשמעו",
     "other": "{count} נשמעו"
   },
-  "USB {rate} msg/s": "USB {rate} הודעות/שנ",
-  "{rate} msg/s": "{rate} הודעות/שנ",
+  "USB {rate} msg/s": "USB {rate} הודעות/שנ׳",
+  "{rate} msg/s": "{rate} הודעות/שנ׳",
   "{count} feeds live": {
     "one": "{count} פיד חי",
     "two": "{count} פידים חיים",
     "other": "{count} פידים חיים"
   },
-  "{feed} {count} ({seconds}s old)": "{feed} {count} (בן {seconds} שנ)",
-  "Street Level toggle failed": "החלפת Street Level נכשלה",
+  "{feed} {count} ({seconds}s old)": "{feed} {count} (בן {seconds} שנ׳)",
+  "Street Level toggle failed": "שינוי המצב של Street Level נכשל",
   "Street Level could not start": "Street Level לא הצליח להתחיל",
   "ANY DATE": "תאריך כלשהו",
   "LAST 10 YEARS": "10 השנים האחרונות",
@@ -2239,7 +2239,7 @@
   "Open {names} at the centre of the view": "פתח את {names} במרכז התצוגה",
   "Zoom in to a street to open {names} here": "התקרב לרחוב כדי לפתוח את {names} כאן",
   "Switch Street Level on to draw its coverage.": "הפעל Street Level כדי לצייר את כיסויו.",
-  "Every provider is switched off: light a chip to draw its coverage.": "כל הספקים כבויים: הדלק שבב כדי לצייר את כיסויו.",
+  "Every provider is switched off: light a chip to draw its coverage.": "כל הספקים כבויים: הפעל ספק כדי לצייר את הכיסוי שלו.",
   "Loading this sequence…": "טוען את הרצף הזה…",
   "{n} images in this sequence · Esc clears": {
     "one": "{n} תמונה ברצף הזה · Esc מנקה",
@@ -2315,8 +2315,8 @@
   "Emulate a green phosphor CRT with scanlines and screen curvature.": "הדמיית CRT פוספור ירוק עם קווי סריקה ועקמומיות מסך.",
   "Simulate night-vision goggles with green intensification and a tube vignette.": "הדמיית משקפי ראיית לילה עם הבהרה ירוקה ווינייטת צינור.",
   "Simulate FLIR-style thermal contrast. Turn up Ironbow for color.": "הדמיית ניגודיות תרמית דמוית FLIR. הגדל את Ironbow לצבע.",
-  "Apply bright cel-shaded color and illustrated outlines.": "החלת צבע מובלט בסגנון אנימציה וקווי מתאר מומחשים.",
-  "Apply high-contrast monochrome film-noir grading.": "החלת גיוון חד-צבעי ניגודי בסגנון פילם-נואר.",
+  "Apply bright cel-shaded color and illustrated outlines.": "החלת צבעים עזים בסגנון אנימציה וקווי מתאר מאוירים.",
+  "Apply high-contrast monochrome film-noir grading.": "החלת עיבוד צבע חד-צבעי בניגודיות גבוהה, בסגנון פילם נואר.",
   "MAP SOURCE": "מקור מפה",
   "Map source": "מקור מפה",
   "Style": "סגנון",
@@ -2332,7 +2332,7 @@
   "Imagery days in the box": "ימי הצילומים בתיבה",
   "Context mode": "מצב ההקשר",
   "CONTACTS": "מגעים",
-  "Cycles the nearest contacts of whatever type you select — planes, vessels, installations. Satellites track independently.": "מחזר את המגעים הקרובים מהסוג שתבחר — מטוסים, אוניות, מתקנים. לוויינים נעקבים בנפרד.",
+  "Cycles the nearest contacts of whatever type you select — planes, vessels, installations. Satellites track independently.": "עובר בין המגעים הקרובים מהסוג שתבחר — מטוסים, אוניות, מתקנים. לוויינים נעקבים בנפרד.",
   "SPACE MISSIONS": "משימות חלל",
   "SELECT CONTEXT": "בחירת ההקשר",
   "CONTACTS — nearest planes · vessels · sites": "מגעים — המטוסים הקרובים · אוניות · אתרים",
@@ -2363,7 +2363,7 @@
   "STOP": "עצירה",
   "Play the shot after the selected one, moving on to the next scene when needed": "ניגון השוט שאחרי הנבחר, עם מעבר לסצנה הבאה כשצריך",
   "SAVE & SHARE": "שמירה ושיתוף",
-  "Download every scene as a JSON file you can import later": "הורדת כל סצנה כקובץ JSON לייבוא בהמשך",
+  "Download every scene as a JSON file you can import later": "הורדת כל הסצנות בקובץ JSON אחד לייבוא בהמשך",
   "Load scenes from an exported JSON file": "טעינת סצנות מקובץ JSON שיוצא",
   "IMPORT": "ייבוא",
   "Download the timing log of the last play": "הורדת יומן התזמון של הנגינה האחרונה",
@@ -2378,7 +2378,7 @@
   "GROUND STATION · PROVIDER SETTINGS": "תחנת קרקע · הגדרות ספקים",
   "Close key setup": "סגירת הגדרת המפתח",
   "Power up the globe": "שדרוג הגלובוס",
-  "The globe already flies keyless. Every key below switches on another real feed — paste one and it's saved into this app's local configuration, then the server restarts itself. Server-side keys stay on this machine; Google Maps and Cesium ion run in the browser and must be provider-restricted. Keys you configured elsewhere are shown but never touched.": "הגלובוס כבר עף בלי מפתחות. לכל מפתח להלן הזנה אמיתית נוספת — הדבק אחד והוא נשמר לתצורה המקומית של האפליקציה, ואז השרת מאתחל את עצמו. מפתחות של שרת נשארים במכונה הזאת; Google Maps ו-Cesium ion רצים בדפדפן וחייבים הגבלה אצל הספק. מפתחות שהגדרת במקום אחר מוצגים, אך האפליקציה לעולם אינה משנה אותם.",
+  "The globe already flies keyless. Every key below switches on another real feed — paste one and it's saved into this app's local configuration, then the server restarts itself. Server-side keys stay on this machine; Google Maps and Cesium ion run in the browser and must be provider-restricted. Keys you configured elsewhere are shown but never touched.": "הגלובוס כבר פועל בלי מפתחות. כל מפתח להלן מפעיל פיד אמיתי נוסף — הדבק אחד והוא נשמר לתצורה המקומית של האפליקציה, ואז השרת מאתחל את עצמו. מפתחות של שרת נשארים במכונה הזאת; Google Maps ו-Cesium ion רצים בדפדפן וחייבים הגבלה אצל הספק. מפתחות שהגדרת במקום אחר מוצגים, אך האפליקציה לעולם אינה משנה אותם.",
   "This key runs in the browser by design — restrict it at the provider (see SECURITY.md)": "מפתח זה רץ בדפדפן מתוך תכנון — הגבל אותו אצל הספק (ראה SECURITY.md)",
   "browser-side": "בצד הדפדפן",
   "Supplied by your environment, Keychain, or launcher — change it where it was set": "מסופק על ידי הסביבה, ה-Keychain או מריץ ההפעלה — שנה אותו במקום שבו הוגדר",
@@ -2397,7 +2397,7 @@
   "ESC to close": "Esc לסגירה",
   "Visible map targets": "היעדים הגלויים במפה",
   "NO PLACE LEFT BEHIND": "בלי מקום שנשאר מאחור",
-  "Rendered globe frames per second · toggle with `": "פריימי גלובוס לשנייה · החלפה עם `",
+  "Rendered globe frames per second · toggle with `": "פריימי גלובוס לשנייה · הצגה/הסתרה עם `",
   "ACTIVE STYLE": "הסגנון הפעיל",
   "ORBIT": "הקפה",
   "No shots yet. Use CAPTURE SHOT to save current look.": "אין עדיין שוטים. השתמש בלכידת שוט כדי לשמור את המראה הנוכחי.",
@@ -2423,8 +2423,8 @@
   "Close event layer": "סגירת שכבת האירוע",
   "OBSERVED IMAGERY": "צילומים נצפים",
   "SCHEMATIC CORRIDOR": "מסדרון סכמטי",
-  "2021 HISTORICAL REFERENCE / 2026 POST-EVENT": "מקור היסטורי 2021 / אחרי האירוע 2026",
-  "Historical reference and post-event image split": "הפיצול בין תמונת המקור ההיסטורי לתמונה שאחרי האירוע",
+  "2021 HISTORICAL REFERENCE / 2026 POST-EVENT": "ייחוס היסטורי 2021 / אחרי האירוע 2026",
+  "Historical reference and post-event image split": "הפיצול בין תמונת הייחוס ההיסטורית לתמונה שאחרי האירוע",
   "Story beat navigation": "ניווט קטעי הסיפור",
   "Play the next shot and continue through this scene": "נגינת השוט הבא והמשך לאורך הסצנה הזאת",
   "↗ OPEN ORIGINAL": "↗ פתח את המקור",
@@ -2433,16 +2433,16 @@
   "GEOLOCATIONS · {credit}": "מיקומים גיאוגרפיים · {credit}",
   "↗ OPEN PUBLIC MAP": "↗ פתח מפה ציבורית",
   " Clouds are preserved from the source imagery.": " העננים נשמרו מצילומי המקור.",
-  "ACQUIRING FRAME": "אוסף שקופית",
+  "ACQUIRING FRAME": "טוען שקופית",
   "CCTV ON": "CCTV פעיל",
   "CCTV OFF": "CCTV כבוי",
-  "NEAREST": "הקרוב",
+  "NEAREST": "הקרובה",
   "CCTV camera": "מצלמת CCTV",
   "CALIBRATION": "כיול",
   "Drag the camera in the world: rings rotate, arrows move, handles set range/FOV": "גרור את המצלמה בעולם: טבעות מסובבות, חצים מזיזים, נקודות אחיזה קובעות טווח/FOV",
   "Camera pose — click a value to type": "מצב המצלמה — לחץ על ערך להקלדה",
   "Heading (compass °) — click to type": "כיוון (מעלות מצפן) — לחץ להקלדה",
-  "Pitch (° up/down) — click to type": "הטיה (° למעלה/למטה) — לחץ להקלדה",
+  "Pitch (° up/down) — click to type": "הטייה (° למעלה/למטה) — לחץ להקלדה",
   "Horizontal FOV (°) — click to type": "FOV אופקי (°) — לחץ להקלדה",
   "Range / monitor-plane distance (m) — click to type": "טווח / מרחק למישור המוניטור (מ׳) — לחץ להקלדה",
   "Mount height above ground (m) — click to type": "גובה ההרכבה מעל הקרקע (מ׳) — לחץ להקלדה",
@@ -2451,7 +2451,7 @@
   "SAVE CAL": "שמירת כיול",
   "RESET CAL": "איפוס כיול",
   "SCENE SUMMARY": "סיכום הסצנה",
-  "Fly to Tokyo": "עיפה אל טוקיו",
+  "Fly to Tokyo": "טוס אל טוקיו",
   "Show live flights": "הצגת טיסות חיות",
   "AI chat": "צ׳אט AI",
   "GEV CHAT": "צ׳אט GEV",
@@ -2489,7 +2489,7 @@
   "Live signals": "אותות חיים",
   "Latest regional news": "חדשות אזוריות אחרונות",
   "Location-based information": "מידע לפי מקום",
-  "TEMP": "טמפ",
+  "TEMP": "טמפ׳",
   "WIND": "רוח",
   "SKY": "שמיים",
   "PRECIP": "משקעים",
@@ -2497,7 +2497,7 @@
   "Weather data by Open-Meteo.com": "נתוני מזג אוויר מאת Open-Meteo.com",
   "Cockpit briefing pages": "עמודי התדריך של תא הטייס",
   "Show Live Signals": "הצגת אותות חיים",
-  "SIG": "אות",
+  "SIG": "אותות",
   "Show Regional News": "הצגת חדשות אזוריות",
   "NEWS": "חדשות",
   "Show Local Info": "הצגת מידע מקומי",
@@ -2518,10 +2518,10 @@
   "SITE": "אתר",
   "NEAREST OBSERVED / MAPPED": "הנצפים / הממופים הקרובים",
   "WX": "WX",
-  "Estimated flight plan": "תכנון הטיסה המשוער",
+  "Estimated flight plan": "תוכנית הטיסה המשוערת",
   "ESTIMATED FLIGHT PLAN": "תוכנית טיסה משוערת",
-  "FROM": "מ-",
-  "TO": "אל",
+  "FROM": "מוצא",
+  "TO": "יעד",
   "Collapse Cockpit display options": "קיפול אפשרויות התצוגה של תא הטייס",
   "Expand Cockpit display options": "הרחבת אפשרויות התצוגה של תא הטייס",
   "Collapse Cockpit Radio controls": "קיפול פקדי הרדיו של תא הטייס",
@@ -2571,13 +2571,13 @@
   "Fade": "התפוגגות",
   "Detection fade distance": "מרחק התפוגגות הזיהוי",
   "World-overlay fade distance outside the keyhole as a percentage of its radius": "מרחק התפוגגות שכבות העולם מחוץ לחור המנעול, כאחוז מרדיוסו",
-  "Outside": "מחוץ",
+  "Outside": "בחוץ",
   "Detection opacity outside the keyhole": "אטימות הזיהוי מחוץ לחור המנעול",
   "World-overlay label and card opacity beyond the fade distance": "אטימות התוויות והכרטיסים של שכבות העולם מעבר למרחק ההתפוגגות",
   "PARAMETERS": "פרמטרים",
-  "3D aircraft — flat icons zoomed out, 3D models up close": "מטוסים תלת-הממדיים — סמלים שטוחים בזום החוצה, דגמים תלת-הממדיים מקרוב",
+  "3D aircraft — flat icons zoomed out, 3D models up close": "מטוסים תלת-ממדיים — סמלים שטוחים בזום החוצה, דגמים תלת-ממדיים מקרוב",
   "Models": "דגמים",
-  "3D model coverage": "כיסוי דגמים תלת-הממדיים",
+  "3D model coverage": "כיסוי דגמים תלת-ממדיים",
   "Scope — the circular viewport mask": "סקופ — מסכת התצוגה העגולה",
   "Scope": "סקופ",
   "Feather": "ריכוך",
@@ -2597,7 +2597,7 @@
   "Remove every mark from the board": "הסרת כל סימן מהלוח",
   "Clear": "ניקוי",
   "Drawn shapes": "צורות ששורטטו",
-  "Show your own GeoJSON, KML, KMZ or GPX files on the globe (or drop them onto it). File bytes stay on this device; overlays can appear in map screenshots shared with voice.": "הצגת קבצי GeoJSON, KML, KMZ או GPX משלך על הגלובוס (או גרירתם אליו). בתי הקבצים נשארים במכשיר הזה; שכבות-על עשויות להופיע בצילומי מסך המשותפים עם הקול.",
+  "Show your own GeoJSON, KML, KMZ or GPX files on the globe (or drop them onto it). File bytes stay on this device; overlays can appear in map screenshots shared with voice.": "הצגת קבצי GeoJSON, KML, KMZ או GPX משלך על הגלובוס (או גרירתם אליו). תוכן הקבצים נשאר במכשיר הזה; שכבות-על עשויות להופיע בצילומי מסך המשותפים עם הקול.",
   "Import": "ייבוא",
   "Choose GeoJSON, KML, KMZ or GPX files": "בחירת קבצי GeoJSON, KML, KMZ או GPX",
   "Imported files": "קבצים שיובאו",
@@ -2651,7 +2651,7 @@
   "Available Space Missions": "משימות החלל הזמינות",
   "AVAILABLE MISSIONS": "המשימות הזמינות",
   "SELECT A MISSION TO INSPECT": "בחר משימה לבחינה",
-  "LOADING 30-DAY MISSION INDEX": "טוען את מפתח המשימות ל-30 יום",
+  "LOADING 30-DAY MISSION INDEX": "טוען את רשימת המשימות ל-30 יום",
   "TAB PREVIEWS · ENTER / SPACE SELECTS": "Tab לתצוגה מקדימה · Enter / מקש הרווח בוחר",
   "Panel position": "מקום הפאנל",
   "Move above the dock": "מעבר מעל העגינה",
@@ -2664,7 +2664,7 @@
   "Expand Radio": "הרחבת הרדיו",
   "Collapse Radio": "קיפול הרדיו",
   "Internet radio and local SDR": "רדיו אינטרנט ו-SDR מקומי",
-  "STATION TAG": "תגי תחנה",
+  "STATION TAG": "תגית תחנה",
   "Filter stations by station tag": "סינון תחנות לפי תגית התחנה",
   "Enable Radio, then choose a globe marker or use next.": "הפעל את הרדיו, ואז בחר סמן על הגלובוס או השתמש בהבא.",
   "Radio playback": "נגינת הרדיו",
@@ -2676,7 +2676,7 @@
   "STATION SITE": "אתר התחנה",
   "DIRECTORY: RADIO BROWSER": "מדריך: RADIO BROWSER",
   "Audio connects directly to the broadcaster when you press play, choose a station on the globe or ask voice to play. Your IP is visible to that broadcaster.": "השמע מתחבר ישירות למשדר כשלוחצים על נגן, בוחרים תחנה בגלובוס או מבקשים בקול לנגן. ה-IP שלך גלוי למשדר הזה.",
-  "DRAG TO TUNE": "גרירה לכיוון",
+  "DRAG TO TUNE": "גרור לכוונון",
   "Tune available internet radio stations": "כוונון תחנות הרדיו הזמינות באינטרנט",
   "ALL · DRAG THE NEEDLE": "הכול · גרור את המחט",
   "SNAPS TO AVAILABLE STATIONS": "נצמד לתחנות הזמינות",
@@ -2690,17 +2690,17 @@
   "Scene actions": "פעולות סצנה",
   "Local RTL-SDR receiver": "מקלט RTL-SDR מקומי",
   "LOCAL RTL-SDR": "RTL-SDR מקומי",
-  "Chrome/Edge · WebUSB · one local tuner shared by FM and the Local ADS-B layer.": "Chrome/Edge · WebUSB · מכוון מקומי אחד המשותף ל-FM ולשכבת Local ADS-B.",
+  "Chrome/Edge · WebUSB · one local tuner shared by FM and the Local ADS-B layer.": "Chrome/Edge · WebUSB · מכוון מקומי אחד המשותף ל-FM ולשכבת ADS-B מקומי.",
   "Use your location for faster ADS-B position decoding": "שימוש במיקומך לפענוח מהיר יותר של מיקומי ADS-B",
   "Choose a different RTL-SDR or receiver channel": "בחירת RTL-SDR או ערוץ מקלט אחר",
   "CHANGE DEVICE": "החלפת מכשיר",
   "RTL-SDR receiver mode": "מצב המקלט RTL-SDR",
-  "GAIN": "הגברה",
-  "RTL-SDR tuner gain for the current mode": "הגברת מכוון ה-RTL-SDR למצב הנוכחי",
+  "GAIN": "הגבר",
+  "RTL-SDR tuner gain for the current mode": "הגבר מכוון ה-RTL-SDR למצב הנוכחי",
   "AUTO": "אוטומטי",
   "MSG/S": "MSG/S",
   "HEARD": "נשמעו",
-  "POSITIONED": "הוגדר מקום",
+  "POSITIONED": "עם מיקום",
   "FM MHZ": "FM MHZ",
   "TUNE": "כוונון",
   "Seek broadcast FM stations": "חיפוש תחנות FM שידוריות",
@@ -2748,7 +2748,7 @@
   "Close voice panel": "סגירת פאנל הקול",
   "Latest voice exchange": "חילופי הקול האחרונים",
   "Try saying": "נסה לומר",
-  "What am I looking at?": "מה עיני רואות?",
+  "What am I looking at?": "על מה אני מסתכל?",
   "AI Provider": "ספק AI",
   "The selected AI provider is shared by voice and chat.": "ספק ה-AI הנבחר משותף לקול ולצ׳אט.",
   "Show quick commands": "הצגת פקודות מהירות",
@@ -2782,13 +2782,13 @@
   "Detection overlay: {mode}": "שכבת הזיהוי: {mode}",
   "Detection overlay: off": "שכבת הזיהוי: כבויה",
   "Active weather": "מזג אוויר פעיל",
-  "{time} · {minutes} min ago": "{time} · לפני {minutes} דק",
+  "{time} · {minutes} min ago": "{time} · לפני {minutes} דק׳",
   "LATEST · newest per product": "האחרון · החדש ביותר לכל מוצר",
   "Forecast · valid {valid} · issued {issued}": "תחזית · תקפה {valid} · פורסמה {issued}",
   "{detail} · Does not follow history": "{detail} · אינו נע עם ההיסטוריה",
   "Forecast · valid {valid}": "תחזית · תקפה {valid}",
   "You can attach up to four items.": "ניתן לצרף עד ארבעה פריטים.",
-  "Attachments are too large together. Use smaller files.": "הקבצים המצורפים גדולים יחד. השתמש בקבצים קטנים יותר.",
+  "Attachments are too large together. Use smaller files.": "הקבצים המצורפים גדולים מדי יחד. השתמש בקבצים קטנים יותר.",
   "Choose a TXT, Markdown, CSV, JSON or GeoJSON file.": "בחר קובץ TXT, Markdown, CSV, JSON או GeoJSON.",
   "Each file must be 10 KB or smaller.": "כל קובץ חייב להיות בן 10 ק\"ב לכל היותר.",
   "Choose a non-empty UTF-8 text file.": "בחר קובץ טקסט UTF-8 לא ריק.",
@@ -2804,7 +2804,7 @@
   "Connection timed out. Try again.": "החיבור חרג מהזמן הקצוב. נסה שוב.",
   "Chat closed.": "הצ׳אט נסגר.",
   "Connection stopped.": "החיבור הופסק.",
-  "Message and attachments are too large. Remove an attachment or shorten your message.": "ההודעה והקבצים המצורפים גדולים יחד. הסר קובץ מצורף או קצר את ההודעה.",
+  "Message and attachments are too large. Remove an attachment or shorten your message.": "ההודעה והקבצים המצורפים גדולים מדי. הסר קובץ מצורף או קצר את ההודעה.",
   "Message was not sent. Try again.": "ההודעה לא נשלחה. נסה שוב.",
   "Reply stopped.": "התשובה נעצרה.",
   "Reset to globe view": "איפוס לתצוגת הגלובוס",
@@ -2818,7 +2818,7 @@
   "THIS": "זה",
   "Changing provider reconnects voice if it is on.": "החלפת הספק מחברת מחדש את הקול אם הוא פעיל.",
   "STD": "רגיל",
-  "Voice control — activate to toggle voice; hold Space to speak": "שליטה קולית — הפעל להחלפת קול; החזק Space כדי לדבר",
+  "Voice control — activate to toggle voice; hold Space to speak": "שליטה קולית — הפעל כדי להדליק או לכבות את הקול; החזק Space כדי לדבר",
   "ON/OFF": "פעיל/כבוי",
   "VOICE STANDBY": "הקול בהמתנה",
   "Hold Space to speak · tap Space to activate focused controls": "החזק Space לדיבור · הקש Space להפעלת הפקדים במוקד",
@@ -2893,7 +2893,7 @@
   "mini": "מיני",
   "COST UNKNOWN": "העלות לא ידועה",
   "ChatGPT OAuth session: {responses} response(s), {input} input and {output} output tokens, {captions} caption transcription(s) reported.": "הפעלת OAuth של ChatGPT: {responses} תשובות, {input} אסימוני קלט ו-{output} אסימוני פלט, {captions} תמלולי כתוביות שדווחו.",
-  "USD cost and the API spend cap are unavailable for this auth mode.": "העלות ב-USD ותקרת ההוצאה של ה-API אינם זמינים לאימות הזה.",
+  "USD cost and the API spend cap are unavailable for this auth mode.": "העלות ב-USD ותקרת ההוצאה של ה-API אינן זמינות במצב האימות הזה.",
   "Usage is incomplete because a response was still in flight when the session ended.": "השימוש חסר כי תשובה עוד הייתה בעיצומה כשההפעלה הסתיימה.",
   "Estimated session cost on {modelId} — {responses} response(s). Warns at {warn}, ends the session at {cap}.": "עלות ההפעלה המוערכת על {modelId} — {responses} תשובות. מזהיר ב-{warn}, מסיים את ההפעלה ב-{cap}.",
   "Estimate is incomplete — a response was still in flight when the session ended, so its usage was never reported.": "ההערכה חסרה — תשובה עוד הייתה בעיצומה כשההפעלה הסתיימה, ולכן השימוש שלה לא דווח מעולם.",
@@ -2999,7 +2999,7 @@
   "{items} {scope}": "{items} {scope}",
   "last 24 h": "24 השעות האחרונות",
   "past 30 d and upcoming": "30 הימים האחרונים והקרובים",
-  "the flights layer loads by viewport": "שכבת הטיסות נטענת לרוחב התצוגה",
+  "the flights layer loads by viewport": "שכבת הטיסות נטענת לפי אזור התצוגה",
   "distance is ground distance, not overhead": "המרחק הוא מרחק קרקע, לא ישירות מלמעלה",
   "the count is a lower bound because at least one layer reached its retained limit.": "המניין הוא גבול תחתון כי לפחות שכבה אחת הגיעה למגבלת השמירה שלה.",
   "buffer sized to the place": "חיץ בגודל המקום",
@@ -3019,26 +3019,26 @@
   },
   "{drawn} of {total} parts drawn": {
     "one": "שורטט {drawn} מתוך {total} חלק",
-    "two": "שורטטו {drawn} מתוך {total} חלקים",
-    "other": "שורטטו {drawn} מתוך {total} חלקים"
+    "two": "חלקים ששורטטו: {drawn} מתוך {total}",
+    "other": "חלקים ששורטטו: {drawn} מתוך {total}"
   },
   "{count} duplicate mappings merged": {
     "one": "מוזג {count} מיפוי כפול",
     "two": "מוזגו {count} מיפויים כפולים",
     "other": "מוזגו {count} מיפויים כפולים"
   },
-  "listed the first {limit}": "הוצגו הראשונים {limit}",
+  "listed the first {limit}": "הוצגו {limit} הראשונים",
   "counted over the bounding box of {area}, not its outline": "נספר לפי תיבת ההקפה של {area}, לא לפי קו המתאר שלה",
   "counted the first {returned} loaded records": "נספרו {returned} הרשומות הראשונות הטעונות",
   "counted {returned} of {total} loaded records": "נספרו {returned} מתוך {total} רשומות טעונות",
   "{layers} just turned on — still loading, counts will rise": "{layers} הופעלו זה עתה — עדיין בטעינה, המניינים יגדלו",
-  "Contacts panel snapshot at {time} — the same retained cohort supplies the card, speech, and follow-up memory": "תמונת מצב של פאנל המגעים ב-{time} — אותה קבוצה נשמרת מספקת את הכרטיס, הדיבור והזיכרון להמשך",
-  "Contacts panel snapshot — the same retained cohort supplies the card, speech, and follow-up memory": "תמונת מצב של פאנל המגעים — אותה קבוצה נשמרת מספקת את הכרטיס, הדיבור והזיכרון להמשך",
-  "Fly below {km} km to a covered region": "עוף מטה מתחת ל-{km} ק\"מ אל אזור הזנה",
+  "Contacts panel snapshot at {time} — the same retained cohort supplies the card, speech, and follow-up memory": "תמונת מצב של פאנל המגעים ב-{time} — אותה קבוצה שמורה מספקת את הכרטיס, הדיבור והזיכרון להמשך",
+  "Contacts panel snapshot — the same retained cohort supplies the card, speech, and follow-up memory": "תמונת מצב של פאנל המגעים — אותה קבוצה שמורה מספקת את הכרטיס, הדיבור והזיכרון להמשך",
+  "Fly below {km} km to a covered region": "טוס מתחת ל-{km} ק\"מ אל אזור עם כיסוי",
   "No feed here yet · {n} regions available": {
-    "one": "אין עדיין הזנה כאן · {n} אזור זמין",
-    "two": "אין עדיין הזנה כאן · {n} אזורים זמינים",
-    "other": "אין עדיין הזנה כאן · {n} אזורים זמינים"
+    "one": "אין עדיין פיד כאן · {n} אזור זמין",
+    "two": "אין עדיין פיד כאן · {n} אזורים זמינים",
+    "other": "אין עדיין פיד כאן · {n} אזורים זמינים"
   },
   "degraded": "מופחת",
   "stale": "מיושן",
@@ -3057,9 +3057,9 @@
     "other": "{count} מתוך {total} אחזורים תואמים"
   },
   "{n} acquisitions searched": {
-    "one": "נחפשו {n} אחזורים",
-    "two": "נחפשו {n} אחזורים",
-    "other": "נחפשו {n} אחזורים"
+    "one": "נסרקו {n} אחזורים",
+    "two": "נסרקו {n} אחזורים",
+    "other": "נסרקו {n} אחזורים"
   },
   "No matching imagery": "אין צילומים תואמים",
   "Unknown number of {kind}": "מספר לא ידוע של {kind}",
@@ -3067,8 +3067,8 @@
   "At least {count} {kind}": "לפחות {count} {kind}",
   "{count} {kind}": "{count} {kind}",
   "In {area}": "ב-{area}",
-  "Toggle voice control": "החלפת שליטה קולית",
-  "Activate to toggle voice": "הפעל להחלפת הקול",
+  "Toggle voice control": "הפעלה או כיבוי של השליטה הקולית",
+  "Activate to toggle voice": "הפעל כדי להדליק או לכבות את הקול",
   "Voice active": "הקול פעיל",
   "Voice could not be started.": "לא ניתן היה להתחיל את הקול.",
   "{value} feet": "{value} רגל",
@@ -3090,11 +3090,11 @@
   "No military within {radius} of the current view": "אין טיסות צבאיות בטווח {radius} מהתצוגה הנוכחית",
   "No satellites within {radius} of the current view": "אין לוויינים בטווח {radius} מהתצוגה הנוכחית",
   "No vessels within {radius} of the current view": "אין אוניות בטווח {radius} מהתצוגה הנוכחית",
-  "{layer} is enabled on the {source} feed, but no airborne aircraft is loaded in the {place} view yet": "{layer} מופעל בהזנת {source}, אך אין עדיין מטוסים באוויר טעונים בתצוגת {place}",
-  "{layer} is enabled, but no airborne aircraft is loaded in the {place} view yet": "{layer} מופעל, אך אין עדיין מטוסים באוויר טעונים בתצוגת {place}",
-  "{layer} is enabled, but its aircraft feed is unavailable": "{layer} מופעל, אך הזנת המטוסים שלו אינה זמינה",
-  "{layer} is enabled, but its destination refresh did not complete": "{layer} מופעל, אך רענון היעד שלו לא הושלם",
-  "{layer} is enabled, but {source} is unavailable": "{layer} מופעל, אך {source} אינו זמין",
+  "{layer} is enabled on the {source} feed, but no airborne aircraft is loaded in the {place} view yet": "השכבה {layer} מופעלת בפיד {source}, אך עדיין לא נטענו מטוסים באוויר בתצוגת {place}",
+  "{layer} is enabled, but no airborne aircraft is loaded in the {place} view yet": "השכבה {layer} מופעלת, אך עדיין לא נטענו מטוסים באוויר בתצוגת {place}",
+  "{layer} is enabled, but its aircraft feed is unavailable": "השכבה {layer} מופעלת, אך פיד המטוסים שלה אינו זמין",
+  "{layer} is enabled, but its destination refresh did not complete": "השכבה {layer} מופעלת, אך רענון היעד שלה לא הושלם",
+  "{layer} is enabled, but {source} is unavailable": "השכבה {layer} מופעלת, אך המקור {source} אינו זמין",
   "Could not arrive at {place}": "לא ניתן להגיע אל {place}",
   "{name} is no longer loaded": "{name} אינו טעון עוד",
   "Unknown target layer: {target}": "שכבת יעד בלתי מוכרת: {target}",
@@ -3166,11 +3166,11 @@
   "Change context mode": "שינוי מצב ההקשר",
   "Control cockpit": "שליטה בתא הטייס",
   "Change visual style": "שינוי סגנון הראייה",
-  "Adjust HUD": "כיוון ה-HUD",
-  "Adjust cyber sonar": "כיוון הסונאר הסייברי",
-  "Adjust detection overlay": "כיוון שכבת הזיהוי",
-  "Change map stack": "שינוי ערמת המפות",
-  "Adjust post-processing": "כיוון עיבוד שלאחר",
+  "Adjust HUD": "כוונון ה-HUD",
+  "Adjust cyber sonar": "כוונון הסונאר הסייברי",
+  "Adjust detection overlay": "כוונון שכבת הזיהוי",
+  "Change map stack": "שינוי ערכת המפות",
+  "Adjust post-processing": "כוונון העיבוד שלאחר הרינדור",
   "Control scene": "שליטה בסצנה",
   "Control CCTV": "שליטה ב-CCTV",
   "Control radio": "שליטה ברדיו",
@@ -3188,7 +3188,7 @@
   "Fly to {place}": "טיסה אל {place}",
   "Fly to Location": "טיסה אל המיקום",
   "Nearest aircraft to {place}": "המטוס הקרוב ביותר אל {place}",
-  "Nearest aircraft to Here": "המטוס הקרוב ביותר אל כאן",
+  "Nearest aircraft to Here": "המטוס הקרוב ביותר לכאן",
   "Layer on": "השכבה פעילה",
   "Layer off": "השכבה כבויה",
   "Zoom out": "התרחקות",
@@ -3208,7 +3208,7 @@
   "Finding places": "מחפש מקומות",
   "Tracing outline": "משרטט קו מתאר",
   "Looking up place": "מאתר מקום",
-  "Flying": "עף",
+  "Flying": "טס",
   "Turning on layer": "מפעיל את השכבה",
   "Loading aircraft": "טוען מטוסים",
   "Picking nearest": "בוחר את הקרוב",
@@ -3220,8 +3220,8 @@
   "Typed chat is unavailable while GEV_PREFER_CODEX_OAUTH requires ChatGPT OAuth.": "צ׳אט בהקלדה אינו זמין בזמן ש-GEV_PREFER_CODEX_OAUTH דורש OAuth של ChatGPT.",
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "הספק דחה את מפתח ה-API. בדוק אותו בהגדרות הספקים.",
   "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "הספק סירב לאשר גישה למפתח הזה. בדוק את הפרויקט, האזור או ההרשאות של המפתח.",
-  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "לחשבון הספק נגמר האשראי. בדוק את החיוב שלו, או בחר ספק AI אחר בהגדרות.",
-  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "יותר מדי בקשות צ׳אט. נסה שוב בעוד {seconds} שנ.",
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "לחשבון הספק נגמרה היתרה. בדוק את החיוב שלו, או בחר ספק AI אחר בהגדרות.",
+  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "יותר מדי בקשות צ׳אט. נסה שוב בעוד {seconds} שנ׳.",
   "That request needed too many steps. Changes already made to the map stay in place.": "הבקשה הזאת דרשה יותר מדי צעדים. השינויים שכבר בוצעו במפה נשארים במקומם.",
   "That request needed too many steps. Try a simpler request.": "הבקשה הזאת דרשה יותר מדי צעדים. נסה בקשה פשוטה יותר.",
   "in progress": "בעבודה",
@@ -3238,12 +3238,12 @@
   "Initializing photorealistic world...": "מאתחל את העולם הפוטוריאליסטי...",
   "Event age": "גיל האירוע",
   "event age filter|All": "הכול",
-  "{days}d": "{days} יום",
+  "{days}d": "{days} ימ׳",
   "Show markers of every age": "הצגת סמנים בכל גיל",
-  "Maximum event age: {days}d; undated markers are kept": "גיל אירוע מרבי: {days} יום; סמנים ללא תאריך נשמרים",
+  "Maximum event age: {days}d; undated markers are kept": "גיל אירוע מרבי: {days} ימ׳; סמנים ללא תאריך נשמרים",
   "All markers": "כל הסמנים",
-  "Event age: {days}d · undated kept": "גיל האירוע: {days} יום · ללא תאריך נשמרים",
-  "30-DAY MISSION INDEX UNAVAILABLE": "מפתח המשימות ל-30 יום אינו זמין",
+  "Event age: {days}d · undated kept": "גיל האירוע: {days} ימ׳ · ללא תאריך נשמרים",
+  "30-DAY MISSION INDEX UNAVAILABLE": "רשימת המשימות ל-30 יום אינה זמינה",
   "STATIONS": "תחנות",
   "Crewed stations and the craft that visit them": "תחנות מאוישות והחלליות המבקרות בהן",
   "IMAGING": "צילום",
@@ -3256,9 +3256,9 @@
   "Space science, technology demonstration and other payloads": "מדע בחלל, הדגמות טכנולוגיה ומטענים אחרים",
   "DEBRIS": "פסולת חלל",
   "Rocket bodies, fragments and dead satellites": "גופי משגרים, שברים ולוויינים מתים",
-  "Classes may lag: SATCAT is a cached copy": "הקבוצות עשויות להשתהות: SATCAT הוא תמונת מצב במטמון",
-  "Classes may lag: SATCAT unavailable": "הקבוצות עשויות להשתהות: SATCAT אינו זמין",
-  "CelesTrak SATCAT gives each object's type and status. Without a current copy the classes rest on the UCS database, names and CelesTrak groups, so a satellite that has died since may still show as working.": "CelesTrak SATCAT נותן לכל עצם סוג ומצב. בלי תמונת מצב עדכנית הקבוצות נשענות על מאגר UCS, השמות וקבוצות CelesTrak, ולכן לוויין שמת מאז עשוי עדיין להיראות פעיל.",
+  "Classes may lag: SATCAT is a cached copy": "הסיווגים עשויים לפגר: SATCAT הוא עותק מהמטמון",
+  "Classes may lag: SATCAT unavailable": "הסיווגים עשויים לפגר: SATCAT אינו זמין",
+  "CelesTrak SATCAT gives each object's type and status. Without a current copy the classes rest on the UCS database, names and CelesTrak groups, so a satellite that has died since may still show as working.": "CelesTrak SATCAT נותן לכל עצם סוג ומצב. בלי עותק עדכני הסיווגים נשענים על מאגר UCS, השמות וקבוצות CelesTrak, ולכן לוויין שמת מאז עשוי עדיין להיראות פעיל.",
   "Lines": "קווים",
   "Road lines colored by live flow: green to red": "קווי כבישים בצבע לפי זרימה חיה: מירוק לאדום",
   "Dots": "נקודות",
@@ -3267,14 +3267,14 @@
   "Monthly traffic allowance used": "הקצבה החודשית לתנועה נוצלה",
   "Traffic rate limit reached": "הגעת למגבלת הקצב של שירות התנועה",
   "Traffic service unavailable": "שירות התנועה אינו זמין",
-  "LOOK STBD {bearing}°": "מבט ימין {bearing}°",
-  "LOOK PORT {bearing}°": "מבט שמאל {bearing}°",
+  "LOOK STBD {bearing}°": "מבט ימינה {bearing}°",
+  "LOOK PORT {bearing}°": "מבט שמאלה {bearing}°",
   "LOOK ASTERN": "מבט אחורה",
   "UP {angle}°": "מעלה {angle}°",
   "DOWN {angle}°": "מטה {angle}°",
   "{direction} · {elevation}": "{direction} · {elevation}",
-  "LOOK {elevation}": "LOOK {elevation}",
-  "{vesselType} · {feedState} · EYE {height}": "{vesselType} · {feedState} · עין {height}",
+  "LOOK {elevation}": "מבט {elevation}",
+  "{vesselType} · {feedState} · EYE {height}": "{vesselType} · {feedState} · גובה עין {height}",
   "LIVE AIS": "AIS חי",
   "CONTACT NAVIGATION OFF": "ניווט המגעים כבוי",
   "THE BRIDGE STAYS WITH THE SELECTED VESSEL": "הגשר נשאר עם האונייה הנבחרת",
@@ -3285,12 +3285,12 @@
   "RIGHT": "ימין",
   "LEFT": "שמאל",
   "{direction} {angle}°": "{direction} {angle}°",
-  "OFF-NADIR {angle}° · {offset}": "OFF-NADIR {angle}° · {offset}",
+  "OFF-NADIR {angle}° · {offset}": "סטייה מהנדיר {angle}° · {offset}",
   "BRIDGE": "גשר",
   "{label} · NADIR VIEW": "{label} · תצוגת נדיר",
   "{label} · HEADING {heading}°": "{label} · כיוון {heading}°",
   "{label} · NO HEADING": "{label} · ללא כיוון",
-  "Space Missions unavailable: the mission index could not load. Try again later.": "משימות החלל אינן זמינות: טעינת מפתח המשימות נכשלה. נסה שוב מאוחר יותר.",
+  "Space Missions unavailable: the mission index could not load. Try again later.": "משימות החלל אינן זמינות: טעינת רשימת המשימות נכשלה. נסה שוב מאוחר יותר.",
   "Close camera preview": "סגירת תצוגת המצלמה",
   "Refresh map still": "רענון תמונת המפה",
   "The map still uses a separate request and may show a different moment.": "תמונת המפה נשלפת בבקשה נפרדת ועשויה להראות רגע שונה.",
@@ -3319,35 +3319,35 @@
   "ARROWS TILT": "חצים להטיה",
   "HOME NADIR": "Home אל הנדיר",
   "ZOOM {zoom}×": "זום {zoom}×",
-  "SENSOR SWATH ≈ {value} KM": "רוחב חיישן ≈ {value} ק\"מ",
-  "SENSOR SWATH {value} KM": "רוחב חיישן {value} ק\"מ",
-  "SWATH ≈ {value} KM": "רוחב ≈ {value} ק\"מ",
-  "SWATH {value} KM": "רוחב {value} ק\"מ",
+  "SENSOR SWATH ≈ {value} KM": "רוחב רצועת החיישן ≈ {value} ק\"מ",
+  "SENSOR SWATH {value} KM": "רוחב רצועת החיישן {value} ק\"מ",
+  "SWATH ≈ {value} KM": "רוחב רצועה ≈ {value} ק\"מ",
+  "SWATH {value} KM": "רוחב רצועה {value} ק\"מ",
   "{division}, {country}": "{division}, {country}",
   "{region} · near {place}": "{region} · קרוב אל {place}",
   "NORAD {id}": "NORAD {id}",
   "EPOCH {time}": "EPOCH {time}",
-  "<1 H OLD": "פחות משעה",
-  "{value} H OLD": "{value} שע",
-  "{value} D OLD": "{value} ימ",
+  "<1 H OLD": "לפני פחות משעה",
+  "{value} H OLD": "לפני {value} שע׳",
+  "{value} D OLD": "לפני {value} ימ׳",
   "Orbital view": "תצוגה מסלולית",
   "CURRENTLY OVER": "כעת מעל",
-  "ORBITAL VIEW · OFF-NADIR": "תצוגה מסלולית · OFF-NADIR",
+  "ORBITAL VIEW · OFF-NADIR": "תצוגה מסלולית · סטייה מהנדיר",
   "ORBITAL VIEW · NADIR": "תצוגה מסלולית · נדיר",
-  "Hide the two-line element set": "הסתרת ערכת האלמנטים הדו-הקווית",
-  "Show the two-line element set": "הצגת ערכת האלמנטים הדו-הקווית",
+  "Hide the two-line element set": "הסתרת ערכת האלמנטים הדו-שורתית",
+  "Show the two-line element set": "הצגת ערכת האלמנטים הדו-שורתית",
   "TLE": "TLE",
-  "Two-line element set": "ערכת אלמנטים דו-הקווית",
+  "Two-line element set": "ערכת אלמנטים דו-שורתית",
   "ORBITAL VELOCITY": "מהירות מסלולית",
   "SUB-SATELLITE POINT": "נקודת תת-הלוויין",
-  "TRACK UP": "המעקב מעלה",
+  "TRACK UP": "מסלול מעלה",
   "NORTH UP": "צפון מעלה",
   "Return the view to nadir": "החזרת התצוגה אל הנדיר",
   "Return to nadir (Home or 0)": "חזרה אל הנדיר (Home או 0)",
   "NADIR": "נדיר",
   "Zoom out (−)": "התרחקות (−)",
   "Zoom in (+)": "התקרבות (+)",
-  "Zoom to the imaging sensor swath": "זום אל רוחב חיישן הצילום",
+  "Zoom to the imaging sensor swath": "זום אל רצועת הסריקה של חיישן הצילום",
   "SENSOR": "חיישן",
   "RINGS {spacing} NM": "טבעות {spacing} NM",
   "{count} CONTACTS": {
@@ -3359,21 +3359,21 @@
   "Bridge radar": "רדאר הגשר",
   "Reported voyage": "הפלגה שדווחה",
   "REPORTED VOYAGE": "הפלגה שדווחה",
-  "1 min/s": "דקה/שנ",
-  "1 h/s": "שעה/שנ",
-  "1 d/s": "יום/שנ",
-  "1 wk/s": "שבוע/שנ",
+  "1 min/s": "דקה/שנ׳",
+  "1 h/s": "שעה/שנ׳",
+  "1 d/s": "יום/שנ׳",
+  "1 wk/s": "שבוע/שנ׳",
   "World time": "הזמן העולמי",
   "Play speed": "מהירות הנגינה",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "גלילה או צביטה לזום, גרירה להזזה לאורך · לחיצה כפולה לתצוגה המלאה",
   "Live": "חי",
-  "Back to live": "חזרה לחי",
+  "Back to live": "חזרה לזמן אמת",
   "STARLINK ···": "STARLINK ···",
   "STARLINK ✕": "STARLINK ✕",
   "SITES STANDBY": "האתרים בהמתנה",
-  "ENABLE MAPPED INSTALLATIONS FOR SITE PINGS": "הפעל את המתקנים הממופים כדי לקבל צפצופי אתרים",
+  "ENABLE MAPPED INSTALLATIONS FOR SITE PINGS": "הפעל את המתקנים הממופים כדי לקבל פינגים של אתרים",
   "Unnamed site": "אתר ללא שם",
-  "OFF-NADIR {angle}°": "OFF-NADIR {angle}°",
+  "OFF-NADIR {angle}°": "סטייה מהנדיר {angle}°",
   "Release the camera from {name}": "שחרור המצלמה מ-{name}",
   "Keep the camera on {name}": "השארת המצלמה על {name}",
   "RETURN · {name}": "חזרה · {name}",
@@ -3383,7 +3383,7 @@
   "Ride {name}": "רכיבה על {name}",
   "FOCUS · {name}": "מוקד · {name}",
   "Place names": "שמות מקומות",
-  "Fly below {km} km to a covered city": "טוס מטה מתחת ל-{km} ק\"מ אל עיר עם הזנה",
+  "Fly below {km} km to a covered city": "טוס מתחת ל-{km} ק\"מ אל עיר עם כיסוי",
   "No bike share here yet · {n} systems available": {
     "one": "אין עדיין שיתוף אופניים כאן · {n} מערכת זמינה",
     "two": "אין עדיין שיתוף אופניים כאן · {n} מערכות זמינות",
diff --git a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
index 34ca8c016..292b6ffaa 100644
--- a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
+++ b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
@@ -1279,13 +1279,11 @@
     "STARLINK",
     "STARLINK ···",
     "STARLINK ✕",
-    "LOOK {elevation}",
     "{range} NM",
-    "OFF-NADIR {angle}° · {offset}",
     "NORAD {id}",
     "EPOCH {time}",
     "TLE",
-    "OFF-NADIR {angle}°",
+    "{value} KM",
     "{value} KM/S",
     "Ironbow"
   ]
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/rtl.css b/src/ui/styles/rtl.css
index 2106b1bca..fa0179b70 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/rtl.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/rtl.css
@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@
    express. */
 
 /* Arabic letters join: letter-spacing tears every word into separate glyphs.
+   Hebrew letters do not join, but tracking only spaces their words out.
    Latin marked translate="no" and the intel HUD's Latin telemetry keep their
    tracking; the HUD's translated lines are released below. Unlike cjk.css, a
    container that merely holds a translate="no" span is not spared: its own
-   Arabic text would come apart. */
-html:lang(ar)
+   text would come apart. */
+html:is(:lang(ar), :lang(he))
   body
   :not(#intel-hud, #intel-hud *, [translate='no'], [translate='no'] *) {
   letter-spacing: 0 !important;
@@ -31,8 +32,7 @@ html[dir='rtl'] #intel-hud :is(.hud-mode, .hud-summary-label, .hud-summary) {
    letter apart. Noto Sans Arabic (loaded with the other Google fonts; its
    files download only when the page shows Arabic) leads the mono stack, so
    the spaces between Arabic words come from it too and not from the
-   fixed-pitch Latin face. The intel and cockpit HUDs keep JetBrains Mono for
-   their Latin telemetry and column-aligned digits. */
+   fixed-pitch Latin face. */
 html:lang(ar) {
   --font-mono:
     'Noto Sans Arabic', 'JetBrains Mono', 'SF Mono', 'Fira Code', 'Geeza Pro',
@@ -41,32 +41,11 @@ html:lang(ar) {
     'Inter', 'Noto Sans Arabic', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Geeza Pro',
     Tahoma, sans-serif;
 }
-/* The Global Context lines and their buttons set ui-monospace through the
-   `font` shorthand; route them through the Arabic-aware stack too. */
-html:lang(ar)
-  :is(
-    #military-awareness-panel,
-    .military-awareness-controls button,
-    .military-awareness-standby button,
-    .military-awareness-compass-label,
-    .military-awareness-compass-heading,
-    .military-awareness-direction-label,
-    .tr3b-toggle
-  ) {
-  font-family: var(--font-mono);
-}
-html:lang(ar) :is(#intel-hud, #cockpit-hud) {
-  --font-mono:
-    'JetBrains Mono', 'SF Mono', 'Fira Code', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Geeza Pro',
-    Tahoma, monospace;
-}
 
 /* Hebrew: JetBrains Mono and Inter also lack Hebrew glyphs. Noto Sans Hebrew
    (loaded with the other Google fonts; its files download only when the page
    shows Hebrew) leads the stack so the body text keeps one proportional
-   Hebrew face across platforms. Hebrew letters do not join, so tracking on
-   them only spaces a word out; the body is released the same way, and the
-   HUDs keep their instrument tracking inside. */
+   Hebrew face across platforms. */
 html:lang(he) {
   --font-mono:
     'Noto Sans Hebrew', 'JetBrains Mono', 'SF Mono', 'Fira Code', Tahoma,
@@ -102,10 +81,6 @@ html:lang(he) :is(#intel-hud, #cockpit-hud) {
     'JetBrains Mono', 'SF Mono', 'Fira Code', 'Noto Sans Hebrew', Tahoma,
     monospace;
 }
-html:lang(he) body
-  :not(#intel-hud, #intel-hud *, [translate='no'], [translate='no'] *) {
-  letter-spacing: 0 !important;
-}
 
 /* The Display/Context rail moves to the left edge. It keeps a physical
    `right` in layers.css because the attribution-clearance model

From b6c2ba379b7521913ad5b6dcd01e52d0147f2c1e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 21:26:15 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 109/181] i18n(he): translate the photo credit added on main

---
 src/i18n/locales/he.json | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/he.json b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
index ff46a207e..514b9b41a 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/he.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
@@ -3360,6 +3360,7 @@
   "Reported voyage": "הפלגה שדווחה",
   "REPORTED VOYAGE": "הפלגה שדווחה",
   "1 min/s": "דקה/שנ׳",
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "צילום © {photographer}",
   "1 h/s": "שעה/שנ׳",
   "1 d/s": "יום/שנ׳",
   "1 wk/s": "שבוע/שנ׳",

From 6eb07298323e2607b93f04a4c604dec5254c3bb8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 10:35:16 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 110/181] fix(firms): translate the snapshot-end label for
 Hebrew

---
 src/i18n/locales/he.json | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/he.json b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
index 514b9b41a..2960c4912 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/he.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
@@ -750,6 +750,7 @@
   "loading...": "טוען...",
   "KEY REQUIRED": "נדרש מפתח",
   "LIVE · updated {age}": "חי · עודכן {age}",
+  "24 h to {day} {time} UTC": "24 שעות עד {day} {time} UTC",
   "FIRE": "שריפה",
   "Source snapshot time unavailable": "זמן תמונת המצב של המקור אינו זמין",
   "Live data unavailable": "נתונים חיים אינם זמינים",

From 8fec5a76bfd9779a5ac3a24c920d05e3cb31896b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 11:15:18 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 111/181] feat(flights): a tracked flight's trail splits at
 gaps, follows the drawn aircraft, and a lost aircraft coasts then reads
 SIGNAL LOST

The trail no longer joins a day of history into one line. It lifts the pen
across a gap of more than 48 minutes, an implied speed over 1,500 kt, or a
report without altitude (a parked aircraft within 0.1 nm for under 3 h stays
joined), and every history point is kept as its own segment. History never
gets an invented altitude. The live end is the path the aircraft was drawn
along, thinned to its shape, so it no longer cuts corners through turns; a
late report trims what was drawn after it. Old segments are frozen in chunks,
so a 2,000-point trail costs about 0.1 ms a frame.

A tracked aircraft that misses an update shows STALE and is dimmed. It keeps
flying on its last speed and heading for five minutes (at most 1,500 kt),
then stops, dimmed, labelled SIGNAL LOST with the time since its last report,
and is kept for ten minutes after that report so the camera keeps its target.
Aircraft on or near known ground hold at their last report instead of
coasting. Military flights follow the same rules.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                      | 107 ++-
 scripts/package-boundaries.json            |   5 +
 scripts/qa-trail-freeze.mjs                | 241 ++++++
 scripts/track-regression.mjs               | 174 ++++-
 src/data/motionModel.js                    | 189 ++++-
 src/data/routeSegment.test.mjs             |   5 +-
 src/data/trailContinuity.js                | 607 +++++++++++++++
 src/data/trailRenderer.js                  | 327 ++++++--
 src/data/trailRenderer.test.mjs            | 252 +++++-
 src/data/trailReports.test.mjs             | 165 ++++
 src/data/trailThinning.test.mjs            | 180 +++++
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json                   |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/de.json                   |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/es.json                   |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json                   |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/he.json                   |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/it.json                   |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json                   |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json                   |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json                   |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json                   |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json                |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json              |   1 +
 src/layers/flights/motion.js               | 100 ++-
 src/layers/flights/policy.js               |   5 +-
 src/layers/flights/recordPolicy.js         |   4 +
 src/layers/flights/records.js              |  73 +-
 src/layers/flights/records.test.mjs        |  96 +++
 src/layers/flights/rendering.js            |  26 +-
 src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js     |  26 +-
 src/layers/flights/snapshotStale.test.mjs  | 153 ++++
 src/layers/flights/staleHold.test.mjs      | 421 ++++++++++
 src/layers/flights/state.js                |  27 +-
 src/layers/flights/tracking.js             | 358 ++++++---
 src/layers/flights/trail.test.mjs          | 414 ++++++++++
 src/layers/flights/trailRecord.test.mjs    | 846 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/military/motion.js              |  95 ++-
 src/layers/military/policy.js              |   5 +-
 src/layers/military/recordPolicy.js        |   4 +
 src/layers/military/records.js             |  64 +-
 src/layers/military/records.test.mjs       |  95 +++
 src/layers/military/rendering.js           |  26 +-
 src/layers/military/snapshotRenderer.js    |  22 +-
 src/layers/military/snapshotStale.test.mjs | 152 ++++
 src/layers/military/staleHold.test.mjs     | 199 +++++
 src/layers/military/state.js               |  27 +-
 src/layers/military/tracking.js            | 390 +++++++---
 src/layers/military/trail.test.mjs         | 260 +++++++
 src/layers/military/trailRecord.test.mjs   | 697 +++++++++++++++++
 49 files changed, 6486 insertions(+), 363 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 scripts/qa-trail-freeze.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/data/trailContinuity.js
 create mode 100644 src/data/trailReports.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/data/trailThinning.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/layers/flights/snapshotStale.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/layers/flights/staleHold.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/layers/flights/trail.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/layers/flights/trailRecord.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/layers/military/snapshotStale.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/layers/military/staleHold.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/layers/military/trail.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/layers/military/trailRecord.test.mjs

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 5c2e52c58..82f6f65b3 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -1444,6 +1444,52 @@ use the supplied asset resolver, including the preload path. Enrichment receives
 an abort signal and cannot update a later lifecycle after destruction. Existing
 camera, terrain floor, trail, selection and measured model-size policies remain.
 
+A tracked civil or military aircraft's trail (`src/data/trailContinuity.js`) lifts
+the pen, drawing nothing, between two points more than 48 minutes or over 1,500 kt
+apart (a parked aircraft within 0.1 nm keeps one line for up to three hours) and at a
+waypoint with no altitude; a ground waypoint is drawn on the ground. The head joins the
+aircraft only within 150 km. Each trail keeps up to 2,000 points, a full day of history
+at one fix per minute plus the live session; past that the oldest recorded points go
+first, and the oldest reports only once none are left. The renderer
+(`src/data/trailRenderer.js`) freezes every chunk of 128 points except the newest into
+static geometry, so a long trail costs about as much per frame as a short one;
+`scripts/qa-trail-freeze.mjs` checks that a freeze never shows a blank frame.
+While an aircraft is tracked, its trail between reports is the path its icon was
+drawn along: the displayed position is recorded about once a second or every 150 m
+(`recordTrailPoint`). Recorded points are thinned by shape: one stays only where
+dropping it would move the line more than 30 m across the track or in height from any
+position it stood for, or leave a straight piece longer than 10 km, so straight flight
+adds a vertex every 10 km at most and a turn keeps its curve. A recorded point that
+would turn the line back sharper than 120° over a short step is dropped. Reports stay
+in the trail as anchors, in time order. Recorded points never join two reports that are
+not one flight under the 48-minute and 1,500 kt rules; the points between them go and
+nothing is recorded across such a pair. A report for a time the display has already
+passed replaces what was drawn after it, and nothing is recorded until the icon has
+eased onto it, so the line reads arc, report, corrected path. History from before tracking started, and the backfill, run report to report.
+The trail never runs past the icon or through its 3D model, and the head runs from the
+newest kept point outside the model to the icon (to the model's tail when the model is
+the visual). A contact with no new report coasts along its reported track for 5 minutes
+past its last real report, at no more than 1,500 kt and never below known ground, then stops;
+one that
+went quiet on the ground, or within 150 m of a known ground floor, holds at its last
+report, records nothing and draws no head (with the ground unknown, a low barometric
+altitude alone does not hold it). The hold-or-coast choice is made once per report (`staleHoldsForFix`
+in `src/data/motionModel.js`), and the forward fix built when a repeated position carries
+new speed or course follows the same rules and is never a trail report. A live report
+with no altitude breaks the line and leaves no point at an invented height, and so does
+such a report seeded from position history when tracking starts.
+
+A contact that misses an update is stale from the first miss: it is drawn with the
+45%-alpha stale fade (`STALE_ALPHA`), the tracked billboard and 3D model included, and the
+tracked label reads STALE. For the tracked aircraft a poll that re-sends a fix no newer
+than the last one is a miss too. Once its coast has ended, or it holds at its last report
+after a miss, it stands still, dimmed, and the label reads SIGNAL LOST · <time since its
+last report>, in seconds under a minute and minutes after (`_trackedStaleCue` in each
+flight layer's `tracking.js`). The tracked aircraft is kept, so the follow camera keeps its
+target, until 10 minutes after its newest fix (`TRACKED_RETENTION_MS`): 5 minutes coasting,
+then 5 stopped as SIGNAL LOST. Untracked aircraft keep their missed-poll limits. A report
+that arrives later eases the aircraft onto it.
+
 The tracked-aircraft descriptor both flight layers hand to the cockpit carries
 `verticalRateMps` beside `velocityMps` and `track`. Civil records store the rate as
 `verticalRate` and military records as `verticalRateMps`; the query seam maps both to
@@ -1762,7 +1808,7 @@ time. TRACK ACQUIRED stays first. Then:
   left out (the satellites layer's bounded `getNearestPositions`, measured
   from the satellite itself), with their bearing from the top of the frame
   and distance. A row (`Ride …`) rides that satellite. While there is a
-  satellite ridden before this one, a RETURN · *name* row goes back to it; if
+  satellite ridden before this one, a RETURN · _name_ row goes back to it; if
   that satellite has left the catalogue it is dropped and RETURN offers the
   one before. Riding stays in orbit: the satellites layer tracks the new
   satellite (`trackById`), the Cockpit takes the camera back at once and
@@ -1974,6 +2020,7 @@ video; camera poses use the existing low-confidence heading prior.
 
 The CCTV catalog includes Taiwan national freeway cameras from the Freeway Bureau, MOTC. The app first reads the daily MOTC 2.0 CCTV.xml table with a keyless HTTPS request, a 15-second deadline, a 6 MiB response cap, and the shared 15-minute cache. If that catalog is unreachable and no last-good source list exists, the loader uses the Highway Bureau’s public provincial-road CCTV XML feed at https://cctv-maintain.thb.gov.tw/opendataCCTVs.xml. The fallback is capped by the same Taiwan source limit and hourly retry backoff; its MJPEG feeds are restricted to the eight cctv-ss01 through cctv-ss08.thb.gov.tw HTTPS servers. The frame proxy returns one bounded JPEG from each stream, not an unbounded video response. The Highway Bureau open-data page states XML downloads are free and asks users to attribute the source; the app credits Highway Bureau, MOTC. These are provincial-road cameras, not a replacement for the national freeway cameras. CCTV_TAIWAN_ENABLED=0 disables both feeds; CCTV_TAIWAN_MAX_SOURCES sets the shared cap (default 600, bounded to 1–2000), and CCTV_TAIWAN_URL overrides the Freeway Bureau table URL.
 Gate: src/data/cctvTaiwan.test.mjs and src/data/cctvProxy.test.mjs.
+
 ## DriveBC CCTV source pack
 
 The CCTV catalog adds DriveBC highway cameras for British Columbia alongside the
@@ -4726,35 +4773,35 @@ nearby place—always use station selection. Unqualified “turn on/start the ra
 requests use Play; a qualified Play-shaped tool call is normalized to Select so
 its criteria cannot be silently ignored.
 
-| Layer                                | Source                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | File                                                                      | Proxy                                                                                                   | Update Interval                                                                                                             |
-| ------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| Live Flights ✈️                      | OpenSky Network; bounded adsb.lol regional fallback                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | `src/data/flights.js`                                                     | `/api/flights` (OAuth + fallback)                                                                       | 30s                                                                                                                         |
-| Military Flights 🎖️                  | adsb.lol /v2/mil                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | `src/data/militaryFlights.js`                                             | `/api/military`                                                                                         | 15s                                                                                                                         |
-| Live AIS Vessels 🚢                  | AISStream websocket                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | `src/data/aisLiveVessels.js`                                              | `/api/vessels`                                                                                          | 60s (+800ms visibility pass)                                                                                                |
-| Mapped Installations ⌖               | OpenFreeMap military areas; optional configured Overpass names and Google Places search                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | `src/data/militaryInstallations.js`                                       | OpenFreeMap tiles, `/api/military-installations`, `/api/google/text-search`                             | viewport-driven; transient errors back off, missing capability switches to tiles                                            |
-| Earthquakes                          | USGS                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | `src/data/earthquakes.js`                                                 | —                                                                                                       | 60s                                                                                                                         |
-| Air quality                          | ECCC MSC GeoMet OGC API (AQHI, Canada only)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | `src/layers/airQuality/`                                                  | —                                                                                                       | 20 min readings, 12 h station catalog                                                                                       |
-| Satellites                           | CelesTrak TLE + SATCAT; bundled UCS pack (purpose)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | `src/data/satellites.js`                                                  | `/api/celestrak` + `/api/celestrak-satcat`                                                              | 120s                                                                                                                        |
-| Space Missions (30d)                 | Launch Library 2 + CelesTrak                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | `src/data/rocketLaunches.js`                                              | `/api/launches` + `/api/celestrak/active`                                                               | 5 min                                                                                                                       |
-| Traffic                              | Selectable TomTom / OpenStreetMap / Hybrid roads; optional TomTom flow (BYOK)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | `src/data/traffic.js`                                                     | browser-direct OpenFreeMap tiles; `/api/tomtom` for flow                                                | viewport-driven; capped tile cache                                                                                          |
+| Layer                                | Source                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | File                                                                      | Proxy                                                                                                   | Update Interval                                                                                                             |
+| ------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Live Flights ✈️                      | OpenSky Network; bounded adsb.lol regional fallback                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | `src/data/flights.js`                                                     | `/api/flights` (OAuth + fallback)                                                                       | 30s                                                                                                                         |
+| Military Flights 🎖️                  | adsb.lol /v2/mil                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | `src/data/militaryFlights.js`                                             | `/api/military`                                                                                         | 15s                                                                                                                         |
+| Live AIS Vessels 🚢                  | AISStream websocket                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | `src/data/aisLiveVessels.js`                                              | `/api/vessels`                                                                                          | 60s (+800ms visibility pass)                                                                                                |
+| Mapped Installations ⌖               | OpenFreeMap military areas; optional configured Overpass names and Google Places search                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | `src/data/militaryInstallations.js`                                       | OpenFreeMap tiles, `/api/military-installations`, `/api/google/text-search`                             | viewport-driven; transient errors back off, missing capability switches to tiles                                            |
+| Earthquakes                          | USGS                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | `src/data/earthquakes.js`                                                 | —                                                                                                       | 60s                                                                                                                         |
+| Air quality                          | ECCC MSC GeoMet OGC API (AQHI, Canada only)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | `src/layers/airQuality/`                                                  | —                                                                                                       | 20 min readings, 12 h station catalog                                                                                       |
+| Satellites                           | CelesTrak TLE + SATCAT; bundled UCS pack (purpose)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | `src/data/satellites.js`                                                  | `/api/celestrak` + `/api/celestrak-satcat`                                                              | 120s                                                                                                                        |
+| Space Missions (30d)                 | Launch Library 2 + CelesTrak                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | `src/data/rocketLaunches.js`                                              | `/api/launches` + `/api/celestrak/active`                                                               | 5 min                                                                                                                       |
+| Traffic                              | Selectable TomTom / OpenStreetMap / Hybrid roads; optional TomTom flow (BYOK)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | `src/data/traffic.js`                                                     | browser-direct OpenFreeMap tiles; `/api/tomtom` for flow                                                | viewport-driven; capped tile cache                                                                                          |
 | CCTV                                 | Austin + Caltrans (CA) + TfL London + Ontario 511 + Fintraffic (FI) + DriveBC (BC) + TxDOT (TX) + Estonia (Tallinn, Tarktee) + Live Traffic NSW + Open Calgary Open Data + Statens vegvesen (NO, stills + live HLS, Kartverket ground heights) + King County (WA) Open Data + WSDOT (WA) Open Data + NYC DOT TMC (opt-in) + City of Toronto RESCU + Catalonia (Servei Català de Trànsit) + Iceland (Vegagerðin / IRCA) + Hong Kong Transport Department + FL511 (FL, opt-in) + Freeway Bureau, MOTC (Taiwan) + Houston TranStar (opt-in) + Autostrada del Brennero (IT, A22 stills) + Street View fallback | `src/data/cctv.js`                                                        | `/api/cctv`                                                                                             | 10s (active)                                                                                                                |
-| Radio                                | Radio Browser (public-domain station directory)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | `src/data/radio.js`                                                       | `/api/radio/stations`, `/api/radio/click/:uuid`                                                         | 45 min directory refresh                                                                                                    |
-| Transit 🚌                           | Operator GTFS-Realtime VehiclePositions (7 keyless regions, `src/data/transitFeeds.js`)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | `src/layers/transit/` via `src/app/layers/transit.js`                     | `/api/transit`                                                                                          | 15s (poll + delayed playback)                                                                                               |
-| Bikeshare 🚲                         | GBFS (Lyft + BCycle + Social Bicycles + PBSC incl. Bike Share Toronto, Bike Itaú (Brazil), Bicing (Barcelona) and seven other Spanish cities + Urban Sharing, Entur, JCDecaux (Lillestrøm, Valencia, Seville) + nextbike (AMBici))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | `src/data/bikeshare.js`                                                   | `/api/gbfs`                                                                                             | 60s                                                                                                                         |
-| Directions 🧭                        | OSRM on FOSSGIS servers (OpenStreetMap)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | `src/data/directions.js`                                                  | `/api/route` (`steps=1`)                                                                                | on placement / mode change                                                                                                  |
-| Datacenters ▣                        | OSM extract (bundled)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | `src/data/infrastructure.js`                                              | —                                                                                                       | static                                                                                                                      |
-| Dams ▰                               | OpenInfraMap/OSM extract (bundled)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | `src/data/infrastructure.js`                                              | —                                                                                                       | static                                                                                                                      |
-| Submarine Cables ◠                   | TeleGeography public map (bundled)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | `src/data/telegeographySubmarineCables.js`                                | —                                                                                                       | static                                                                                                                      |
-| FIRMS Active Fires ▲                 | NASA FIRMS live (VIIRS ×2 NRT + MODIS NRT, trailing 24h)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | `src/data/firmsHeatmap.js`                                                | `/api/firms` (`FIRMS_MAP_KEY`)                                                                          | 10 min (proxy TTL 30 min)                                                                                                   |
-| Street Level 📷                      | Mapillary street-level imagery (vector tiles, Graph API, MapillaryJS)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | `src/layers/streetLevel/` via `src/app/layers/streetLevel.js`             | `/api/mapillary/status`, `/api/mapillary/tiles/coverage/{z}/{x}/{y}` (`MAPILLARY_CLIENT_TOKEN`)         | camera-driven (320 ms debounce, ≤9 tiles, server memory cache 24 h)                                                         |
-| Wind 🌬                               | NOAA GFS 10 m wind (keyless, 0.25°→1° grid; animated particles)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | `src/data/wind.js`                                                        | `/api/wind`                                                                                             | 1 h (forecast cycle)                                                                                                        |
-| GNSS Integrity 📡 (`gnss-integrity`) | adsb.lol point snapshot, low navigation accuracy binned per 0.5° cell (GEV NIC/NACp threshold + gpsjam.org formula and bands, keyless, ODbL)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | `src/layers/gnss/` via `src/app/layers/gnss.js`                           | `/api/gnss-integrity`                                                                                   | camera-driven (600 ms debounce, minimum 2.5 s between reads) + 60s poll (server cache 60 s; 30 min rolling window)          |
-| S2 GhostMaps 👻 (`s2-ghostmaps`)     | S2 Underground's public GhostMaps repository on GitHub (KMZ intel products, keyless, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | `src/layers/ghostMaps/` via `src/app/layers/ghostMaps.js`                 | `/api/ghostmaps/catalog`, `/api/ghostmaps/events` (server-sent events), `/api/ghostmaps/file/{product}` | branch head checked every 15 s; new commits pushed to the page; 5 min catalog backstop                                      |
-| Sea Marks ⚓ (`sea-marks`)           | OpenSeaMap seamark raster tiles (keyless; CC BY-SA 2.0 tiles, OSM data ODbL)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | `src/data/osmOverlays.js`                                                 | — (browser-direct tiles)                                                                                | on view (Cesium tile requests; no polling)                                                                                  |
-| Ski Pistes ⛷ (`ski-pistes`)          | OpenSnowMap piste raster tiles (keyless; CC BY-SA tiles, OSM data ODbL; no bulk download)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | `src/data/osmOverlays.js`                                                 | — (browser-direct tiles)                                                                                | on view (Cesium tile requests; no polling)                                                                                  |
-| Fire Perimeters 🔥                   | NIFC WFIGS current interagency perimeters (keyless, paged past the 2000-record cap); InciWeb catalog + incident page origin and update time checks for verified incident-page links                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | `src/layers/perimeters/` via `src/app/layers/perimeters.js`               | `/api/fire-perimeters` + `/api/fire-perimeters/inciweb/*`                                               | 5 min (server caches: catalog 1 h; publication 30 min)                                                                      |
-| Prohibited & Restricted Airspace 🚫  | FAA Special Use Airspace prohibited (P) and restricted (R) zones (keyless FeatureServer, simplified geometry)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | `src/layers/droneAirspace/` via `src/app/layers/droneAirspace.js`         | `/api/drone-airspace`                                                                                   | 1 h (server cache 1 h; stale-on-error)                                                                                      |
-| Wildlife Sightings 🦉                | iNaturalist wildlife observed within 48 h (whales 7 d), per view; Acartia Salish Sea marine mammal coverage (keyless)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | `src/layers/wildlifeSightings/` via `src/app/layers/wildlifeSightings.js` | `/api/inaturalist/observations`, `/api/inaturalist/grid`, `/api/acartia/sightings`                      | camera moveEnd (600 ms debounce; enable settles 300 ms) + 5 min (observations 5 / 10 min; tiles 15 min; stale ≤ 1 h / 24 h) |
+| Radio                                | Radio Browser (public-domain station directory)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            | `src/data/radio.js`                                                       | `/api/radio/stations`, `/api/radio/click/:uuid`                                                         | 45 min directory refresh                                                                                                    |
+| Transit 🚌                           | Operator GTFS-Realtime VehiclePositions (7 keyless regions, `src/data/transitFeeds.js`)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | `src/layers/transit/` via `src/app/layers/transit.js`                     | `/api/transit`                                                                                          | 15s (poll + delayed playback)                                                                                               |
+| Bikeshare 🚲                         | GBFS (Lyft + BCycle + Social Bicycles + PBSC incl. Bike Share Toronto, Bike Itaú (Brazil), Bicing (Barcelona) and seven other Spanish cities + Urban Sharing, Entur, JCDecaux (Lillestrøm, Valencia, Seville) + nextbike (AMBici))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | `src/data/bikeshare.js`                                                   | `/api/gbfs`                                                                                             | 60s                                                                                                                         |
+| Directions 🧭                        | OSRM on FOSSGIS servers (OpenStreetMap)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | `src/data/directions.js`                                                  | `/api/route` (`steps=1`)                                                                                | on placement / mode change                                                                                                  |
+| Datacenters ▣                        | OSM extract (bundled)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | `src/data/infrastructure.js`                                              | —                                                                                                       | static                                                                                                                      |
+| Dams ▰                               | OpenInfraMap/OSM extract (bundled)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | `src/data/infrastructure.js`                                              | —                                                                                                       | static                                                                                                                      |
+| Submarine Cables ◠                   | TeleGeography public map (bundled)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | `src/data/telegeographySubmarineCables.js`                                | —                                                                                                       | static                                                                                                                      |
+| FIRMS Active Fires ▲                 | NASA FIRMS live (VIIRS ×2 NRT + MODIS NRT, trailing 24h)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | `src/data/firmsHeatmap.js`                                                | `/api/firms` (`FIRMS_MAP_KEY`)                                                                          | 10 min (proxy TTL 30 min)                                                                                                   |
+| Street Level 📷                      | Mapillary street-level imagery (vector tiles, Graph API, MapillaryJS)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | `src/layers/streetLevel/` via `src/app/layers/streetLevel.js`             | `/api/mapillary/status`, `/api/mapillary/tiles/coverage/{z}/{x}/{y}` (`MAPILLARY_CLIENT_TOKEN`)         | camera-driven (320 ms debounce, ≤9 tiles, server memory cache 24 h)                                                         |
+| Wind 🌬                               | NOAA GFS 10 m wind (keyless, 0.25°→1° grid; animated particles)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            | `src/data/wind.js`                                                        | `/api/wind`                                                                                             | 1 h (forecast cycle)                                                                                                        |
+| GNSS Integrity 📡 (`gnss-integrity`) | adsb.lol point snapshot, low navigation accuracy binned per 0.5° cell (GEV NIC/NACp threshold + gpsjam.org formula and bands, keyless, ODbL)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | `src/layers/gnss/` via `src/app/layers/gnss.js`                           | `/api/gnss-integrity`                                                                                   | camera-driven (600 ms debounce, minimum 2.5 s between reads) + 60s poll (server cache 60 s; 30 min rolling window)          |
+| S2 GhostMaps 👻 (`s2-ghostmaps`)     | S2 Underground's public GhostMaps repository on GitHub (KMZ intel products, keyless, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | `src/layers/ghostMaps/` via `src/app/layers/ghostMaps.js`                 | `/api/ghostmaps/catalog`, `/api/ghostmaps/events` (server-sent events), `/api/ghostmaps/file/{product}` | branch head checked every 15 s; new commits pushed to the page; 5 min catalog backstop                                      |
+| Sea Marks ⚓ (`sea-marks`)           | OpenSeaMap seamark raster tiles (keyless; CC BY-SA 2.0 tiles, OSM data ODbL)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | `src/data/osmOverlays.js`                                                 | — (browser-direct tiles)                                                                                | on view (Cesium tile requests; no polling)                                                                                  |
+| Ski Pistes ⛷ (`ski-pistes`)          | OpenSnowMap piste raster tiles (keyless; CC BY-SA tiles, OSM data ODbL; no bulk download)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | `src/data/osmOverlays.js`                                                 | — (browser-direct tiles)                                                                                | on view (Cesium tile requests; no polling)                                                                                  |
+| Fire Perimeters 🔥                   | NIFC WFIGS current interagency perimeters (keyless, paged past the 2000-record cap); InciWeb catalog + incident page origin and update time checks for verified incident-page links                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | `src/layers/perimeters/` via `src/app/layers/perimeters.js`               | `/api/fire-perimeters` + `/api/fire-perimeters/inciweb/*`                                               | 5 min (server caches: catalog 1 h; publication 30 min)                                                                      |
+| Prohibited & Restricted Airspace 🚫  | FAA Special Use Airspace prohibited (P) and restricted (R) zones (keyless FeatureServer, simplified geometry)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | `src/layers/droneAirspace/` via `src/app/layers/droneAirspace.js`         | `/api/drone-airspace`                                                                                   | 1 h (server cache 1 h; stale-on-error)                                                                                      |
+| Wildlife Sightings 🦉                | iNaturalist wildlife observed within 48 h (whales 7 d), per view; Acartia Salish Sea marine mammal coverage (keyless)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | `src/layers/wildlifeSightings/` via `src/app/layers/wildlifeSightings.js` | `/api/inaturalist/observations`, `/api/inaturalist/grid`, `/api/acartia/sightings`                      | camera moveEnd (600 ms debounce; enable settles 300 ms) + 5 min (observations 5 / 10 min; tiles 15 min; stale ≤ 1 h / 24 h) |
 
 GNSS Integrity samples a 250 nm circle around the Earth point under the screen
 centre. Camera reads debounce for 600 ms with a monotonic 2.5 s minimum gap;
@@ -5740,7 +5787,7 @@ silently demoting every later lookup for the session.
 
 ### Motion & Symbology Correctness (June 10, 2026)
 
-- **Flights (commercial + military)** render one poll interval behind real time (30s/15s) and interpolate between two known feed-stamped fixes (OpenSky `time_position`; adsb.lol `receipt − seen_pos`). The display latency is an intentional product decision — do not "fix" it away. The fleet dead-reckons at ~12Hz (1m² write gating); a contact already hidden behind the horizon whose last position still is re-reckons on a staggered one-in-13-ticks rotation (about once a second) instead, so the worldwide feed's ~13k contacts no longer cost a full pass when well under 1% are on screen. Anything that position puts in view, and any contact with a fleet model, takes the full pass immediately, and hidden-inclusive proximity queries read positions at most about a second old; aircraft get a 3-poll grace period (faded icon) before removal. When a position epoch pauses, both layers coast for at least 60 seconds of contact grace with an absolute five-minute ceiling. Source backoff marks each contact and the cockpit `STALE`; the cockpit then holds the exact layer position instead of continuing inertial flight. Repeated-position kinematic changes create a forward-only synthetic fix rather than mutating history, and grounded history is lifted only when no owned 3D model already controls its datum. A nominally successful worldwide OpenSky response whose own snapshot epoch is more than two minutes old prefers the existing 250-nm viewport-scoped adsb.lol fallback and labels the source/coverage accordingly when that upstream is available. If the fallback is also unavailable, the layer's freshness/error fields use the source epoch—never the cache receipt time—so the UI reports an old snapshot rather than “just now.”
+- **Flights (commercial + military)** render one poll interval behind real time (30s/15s) and interpolate between two known feed-stamped fixes (OpenSky `time_position`; adsb.lol `receipt − seen_pos`). The display latency is an intentional product decision — do not "fix" it away. The fleet dead-reckons at ~12Hz (1m² write gating); a contact already hidden behind the horizon whose last position still is re-reckons on a staggered one-in-13-ticks rotation (about once a second) instead, so the worldwide feed's ~13k contacts no longer cost a full pass when well under 1% are on screen. Anything that position puts in view, and any contact with a fleet model, takes the full pass immediately, and hidden-inclusive proximity queries read positions at most about a second old; aircraft get a 3-poll grace period (faded icon) before removal, except the tracked aircraft, which is kept until 10 minutes after its newest fix. When a position epoch pauses, both layers coast for five minutes on the last speed and heading (at most 1,500 kt), then stop dimmed as SIGNAL LOST; contacts on or near known ground hold instead. Source backoff marks each contact and the cockpit `STALE`; the cockpit then holds the exact layer position instead of continuing inertial flight. Repeated-position kinematic changes create a forward-only synthetic fix rather than mutating history, and grounded history is lifted only when no owned 3D model already controls its datum. A nominally successful worldwide OpenSky response whose own snapshot epoch is more than two minutes old prefers the existing 250-nm viewport-scoped adsb.lol fallback and labels the source/coverage accordingly when that upstream is available. If the fallback is also unavailable, the layer's freshness/error fields use the source epoch—never the cache receipt time—so the UI reports an old snapshot rather than “just now.”
 - **World-space headings at every angle** (`src/data/iconOrientation.js`): aircraft/vessel icon rotation uses the camera right/up basis per tick (alignedAxis always ZERO), which is exact at screen center and for orthographic/nadir views and remains stable through >180° tracked orbits. Perspective rays vary across the viewport, so off-center contacts at oblique pitch can diverge from an exact finite-difference window projection; a regression test pins that known regime, and field evidence decides whether to adopt exact projection with the basis method as fallback. Fleet rotations refresh on camera-pose change; tracked entities per frame. Billboards are horizon-culled via a shared EllipsoidalOccluder.
 - **Military/OpenSky reconciliation** (`src/data/militaryRegistry.js`): known-military ICAOs render amber in the flights layer (60s self-poll of the cached mil endpoint when the military layer is off) and are suppressed there while the military layer renders them.
 - **Satellites**: core catalog from CelesTrak's stations, visual, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, GEO, resource, weather, planet, SAR and science groups, tracking lands ~726km out via `viewFrom` (tracked entity owns a point graphic so the tracking camera engages), rings realign via primitive modelMatrix (no per-second rebuild flicker), optional `setParams({catalog:'dense'})` Starlink mode.
diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index ade3bba6c..79be4fbe6 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -1459,6 +1459,7 @@
       "src/layers/flights/state.js",
       "src/layers/flights/testing.js",
       "src/layers/flights/tracking.js",
+      "src/data/trailContinuity.js",
       "src/layers/flights/records.js",
       "src/layers/flights/recordPolicy.js",
       "src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js",
@@ -1523,6 +1524,7 @@
       "src/layers/military/state.js",
       "src/layers/military/testing.js",
       "src/layers/military/tracking.js",
+      "src/data/trailContinuity.js",
       "src/layers/military/records.js",
       "src/layers/military/recordPolicy.js",
       "src/layers/military/snapshotRenderer.js",
@@ -1542,6 +1544,7 @@
       "src/i18n/locales/uk.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json",
       "src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json",
+      "src/ui/unitLabels.js",
       "src/time/worldClock.js",
       "src/time/julian.js"
     ],
@@ -2632,6 +2635,7 @@
       "src/data/trafficPresetStyle.js",
       "src/data/trafficQueue.js",
       "src/data/trailRenderer.js",
+      "src/data/trailContinuity.js",
       "src/data/vesselLabels.js",
       "src/data/vesselTypes.js",
       "src/firstRunExperience.js",
@@ -3631,6 +3635,7 @@
       "src/data/trafficPresetStyle.js",
       "src/data/trafficQueue.js",
       "src/data/trailRenderer.js",
+      "src/data/trailContinuity.js",
       "src/data/vesselLabels.js",
       "src/data/vesselTypes.js",
       "src/keylessGeocoder.js",
diff --git a/scripts/qa-trail-freeze.mjs b/scripts/qa-trail-freeze.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77d7cbf6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/qa-trail-freeze.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+/**
+ * Trail freeze gate: freezing a trail chunk never shows a blank frame.
+ *
+ * A tracked aircraft's trail is cut into chunks; every chunk but the newest
+ * is frozen into static geometry, which Cesium builds asynchronously. Until
+ * that geometry is in the scene, the chunk keeps being drawn dynamically.
+ *
+ * This gate drives the real app and a real Cesium scene: it draws a trail of
+ * CHUNK_POINTS points (all dynamic), then adds one point so the first chunk
+ * freezes, and on every rendered frame after that it checks two things:
+ *  1. every frozen chunk is either still drawn by a dynamic polyline or its
+ *     static geometry is in the scene (DataSourceDisplay reports DONE);
+ *  2. the number of trail-coloured pixels never drops below 90% of the
+ *     count measured just before the freeze.
+ * It also checks that clearing the trail releases every chunk entity.
+ *
+ * The camera is held still while the gate runs.
+ *
+ * Needs a running dev server:
+ *   node scripts/qa-trail-freeze.mjs [--url http://localhost:4173]
+ */
+import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
+import { chromeExecutablePath } from './qa-chrome.mjs';
+
+const urlFlag = process.argv.indexOf('--url');
+const APP_URL =
+  urlFlag > 0 ? process.argv[urlFlag + 1] : 'http://localhost:4173';
+
+const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
+  headless: 'new',
+  protocolTimeout: 300_000,
+  executablePath: chromeExecutablePath(),
+  args: [
+    '--no-sandbox',
+    '--disable-setuid-sandbox',
+    '--use-gl=angle',
+    '--use-angle=swiftshader',
+    '--disable-dev-shm-usage',
+    '--disable-background-timer-throttling',
+    '--disable-renderer-backgrounding',
+    '--window-size=960,640',
+  ],
+});
+
+let failed = false;
+const report = (name, ok, detail) => {
+  if (!ok) failed = true;
+  console.log(
+    `  [${ok ? 'PASS' : 'FAIL'}] ${name}${detail ? `  — ${detail}` : ''}`,
+  );
+};
+
+try {
+  const page = await browser.newPage();
+  await page.setViewport({ width: 960, height: 640 });
+  await page.goto(APP_URL, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded', timeout: 120_000 });
+  await page.waitForFunction(
+    () =>
+      window.__godsEyeView?.viewer &&
+      document.getElementById('loading-screen')?.classList.contains('hidden'),
+    { timeout: 180_000 },
+  );
+
+  const result = await page.evaluate(async () => {
+    // The exact Cesium module the renderer uses, so classes are shared.
+    const source = await (await fetch('/src/data/trailRenderer.js')).text();
+    const cesiumUrl = source.match(/from\s+["']([^"']*cesium[^"']*)["']/)[1];
+    const Cesium = await import(cesiumUrl);
+    const { createTrail, CHUNK_POINTS } =
+      await import('/src/data/trailRenderer.js');
+    const viewer = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
+    const scene = viewer.scene;
+    const nextFrame = () =>
+      new Promise((resolve) => {
+        const remove = scene.postRender.addEventListener(() => {
+          remove();
+          resolve();
+        });
+        scene.requestRender();
+      });
+
+    // A line across the middle of the current view, in mid-air in front of
+    // the camera, so terrain and buildings never hide it.
+    viewer.camera.cancelFlight?.();
+    const camera = viewer.camera;
+    const ahead = Cesium.Cartesian3.add(
+      camera.positionWC,
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+        camera.directionWC,
+        3_000,
+        new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+      ),
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    const points = Array.from({ length: CHUNK_POINTS + 1 }, (_, i) =>
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.add(
+        ahead,
+        Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+          camera.rightWC,
+          -1_200 + (2_400 * i) / CHUNK_POINTS,
+          new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+        ),
+        new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+      ),
+    );
+    const added = [];
+    const removed = [];
+    const add = viewer.entities.add.bind(viewer.entities);
+    const remove = viewer.entities.remove.bind(viewer.entities);
+    viewer.entities.add = (definition) => {
+      const entity = add(definition);
+      if (String(entity.id).startsWith('gev-trail:')) added.push(entity);
+      return entity;
+    };
+    viewer.entities.remove = (entity) => {
+      if (String(entity?.id).startsWith('gev-trail:')) removed.push(entity);
+      return remove(entity);
+    };
+
+    const gl = scene.context._gl;
+    const width = gl.drawingBufferWidth;
+    const height = gl.drawingBufferHeight;
+    const pixels = new Uint8Array(width * height * 4);
+    // Magenta trail: count pixels that are clearly magenta.
+    const countTrailPixels = () => {
+      gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, null);
+      gl.readPixels(0, 0, width, height, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixels);
+      let count = 0;
+      for (let p = 0; p < pixels.length; p += 4) {
+        const r = pixels[p];
+        const g = pixels[p + 1];
+        const b = pixels[p + 2];
+        if (r > 150 && b > 150 && g < 110) count++;
+      }
+      return count;
+    };
+
+    const trail = createTrail(viewer, { color: '#ff00ff', width: 8 });
+    trail.setPositions(points.slice(0, CHUNK_POINTS));
+    for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) await nextFrame();
+    const before = trail._chunksForTest();
+    gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, null);
+    gl.readPixels(0, 0, width, height, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixels);
+    let lit = 0;
+    for (let p = 0; p < pixels.length; p += 4)
+      if (pixels[p] || pixels[p + 1] || pixels[p + 2]) lit++;
+    const cam = viewer.camera.positionCartographic;
+    const diagnostics = {
+      lit,
+      size: [width, height],
+      camera: [
+        Cesium.Math.toDegrees(cam.longitude),
+        Cesium.Math.toDegrees(cam.latitude),
+        cam.height,
+      ],
+      preserveDrawingBuffer: gl.getContextAttributes().preserveDrawingBuffer,
+    };
+    let baseline = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+      await nextFrame();
+      baseline = Math.max(baseline, countTrailPixels());
+    }
+
+    trail.setPositions(points);
+    const frames = [];
+    const sphere = new Cesium.BoundingSphere();
+    let resolvedAt = null;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 400; i++) {
+      await nextFrame();
+      const state = trail._chunksForTest();
+      const covered = state.frozen.every(
+        (chunk) =>
+          chunk.standIn ||
+          viewer.dataSourceDisplay.getBoundingSphere(
+            chunk.entity,
+            false,
+            sphere,
+          ) === Cesium.BoundingSphereState.DONE,
+      );
+      frames.push({ covered, pixels: countTrailPixels() });
+      if (resolvedAt == null && state.frozen.every((c) => !c.standIn))
+        resolvedAt = i;
+      if (resolvedAt != null && i > resolvedAt + 30) break;
+    }
+
+    trail.clear();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) await nextFrame();
+    const frozenAfterClear = trail._chunksForTest().frozen.length;
+    trail.destroy();
+    const leaked = added.filter((entity) => !removed.includes(entity)).length;
+    viewer.entities.add = add;
+    viewer.entities.remove = remove;
+    return {
+      chunkPoints: CHUNK_POINTS,
+      diagnostics,
+      frozenBefore: before.frozen.length,
+      baseline,
+      frames,
+      resolvedAt,
+      frozenAfterClear,
+      entities: added.length,
+      leaked,
+    };
+  });
+
+  if (process.env.GEV_TEST_VERBOSE)
+    console.log(JSON.stringify(result.diagnostics));
+  const minPixels = Math.min(...result.frames.map((frame) => frame.pixels));
+  report(
+    'the trail draws before the freeze',
+    result.baseline > 200 && result.frozenBefore === 0,
+    `baseline=${result.baseline} trail pixels, frozen chunks=${result.frozenBefore}`,
+  );
+  report(
+    'the frozen chunk reaches the scene as static geometry',
+    result.resolvedAt != null,
+    `stand-in dropped after ${result.resolvedAt} frames`,
+  );
+  report(
+    'every frame after the freeze draws the frozen chunk (dynamic copy or static geometry)',
+    result.frames.every((frame) => frame.covered),
+    `${result.frames.length} frames checked`,
+  );
+  report(
+    'no blank frame: trail pixels never drop below 90% of the pre-freeze count',
+    minPixels >= 0.9 * result.baseline,
+    `min=${minPixels} baseline=${result.baseline}`,
+  );
+  report(
+    'clearing and destroying release every trail entity',
+    result.frozenAfterClear === 0 && result.leaked === 0,
+    `entities created=${result.entities} leaked=${result.leaked}`,
+  );
+} catch (error) {
+  report('gate ran', false, error.message);
+} finally {
+  await browser.close();
+}
+console.log(failed ? 'RESULT: FAIL' : 'RESULT: PASS');
+process.exit(failed ? 1 : 0);
diff --git a/scripts/track-regression.mjs b/scripts/track-regression.mjs
index d2e04609b..f87250430 100644
--- a/scripts/track-regression.mjs
+++ b/scripts/track-regression.mjs
@@ -42,8 +42,9 @@
  *                           and a real mouse click on the tracked plane is a
  *                           NO-OP (no deselect, no camera spike).
  *   M3. AGE-OUT RELEASE   — when the tracked plane's fixes stop arriving
- *                           (3 missed polls via the shim), tracking clears and
- *                           the camera is RELEASED IN PLACE: viewer.trackedEntity
+ *                           it stays tracked (STALE, then SIGNAL LOST) until
+ *                           10 min after its newest fix; then tracking clears
+ *                           and the camera is RELEASED IN PLACE: viewer.trackedEntity
  *                           undefined, NO jump (owner decision 2026-07-02 —
  *                           the old ~80 km overview flyTo is gone).
  *
@@ -362,7 +363,12 @@ async function main() {
             'Synthetica',      // 2 origin_country
             Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000), // 3 time_position
             Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000), // 4 last_contact
-            f.lon,             // 5 longitude
+            // A plane given `moveFromMs` flies east at its reported speed
+            // (the trail-head check needs a moving icon); others hold still.
+            Number.isFinite(f.moveFromMs)
+              ? f.lon + (f.vel * (Date.now() - f.moveFromMs)) / 1000
+                / (111320 * Math.cos((f.lat * Math.PI) / 180))
+              : f.lon,         // 5 longitude
             f.lat,             // 6 latitude
             f.alt,             // 7 baro_altitude (m)
             f.onGround === true, // 8 on_ground (ground-traffic phase flips this live)
@@ -1498,6 +1504,110 @@ async function main() {
         `max=${maxDelta.toFixed(3)} m over ${samples.length} frames (tol ${JITTER_TOL_M} m, mode=${modelUp ? 'model-matrix' : 'display-contract'})`);
     }
 
+    // ============================================================
+    // TRAIL HEAD ENDS AT THE DRAWN ICON, every rendered frame.
+    //   The head's last vertex is where the tracked plane is drawn (the
+    //   display position, or the model's tail anchor while the model is the
+    //   visual). getTrackedInfo reports the dead-reckoned position without
+    //   the brief post-report easing; its gap is logged, not asserted.
+    // ============================================================
+    console.log('\nTrail head — ends at the drawn icon on every frame');
+    // The fixture planes repeat one position, so the icon holds and draws no
+    // head. Fly the tracked one east for this check; the display runs 30 s
+    // behind, so give it time to reach the moving reports.
+    await evalPage((icao) => {
+      const f = window.__SYNTH.flights.find((p) => p.icao === icao);
+      f.moveFromMs = Date.now();
+    }, trackedIcao);
+    await sleep(55_000);
+    const headSamples = await sampleFrames(page, 40, (icao) => {
+      const viewer = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
+      const fl = window.__godsEyeView.dataManager.layers.get('flights').module;
+      const ent = viewer.trackedEntity;
+      const time = viewer.clock.currentTime;
+      const head = viewer.entities.values.find((e) => String(e.id).startsWith('gev-trail:fl-head-'));
+      const line = head?.polyline?.positions?.getValue(time);
+      const drawn = ent?.position?.getValue(time);
+      if (!line?.length || !drawn) return null;
+      const end = line[line.length - 1];
+      const dist = (a, b) => Math.hypot(a.x - b.x, a.y - b.y, a.z - b.z);
+      const ti = fl.getTrackedInfo();
+      let infoGap = null;
+      if (ti && ti.icao24 === icao) {
+        // WGS84 lat/lon → ECEF on the ellipsoid; the angle at the centre to
+        // the drawn position, times the mean radius, is the ground gap.
+        const a = 6378137, e2 = 6.69437999014e-3;
+        const lat = (ti.latitude * Math.PI) / 180, lon = (ti.longitude * Math.PI) / 180;
+        const n = a / Math.sqrt(1 - e2 * Math.sin(lat) ** 2);
+        const p = {
+          x: n * Math.cos(lat) * Math.cos(lon),
+          y: n * Math.cos(lat) * Math.sin(lon),
+          z: n * (1 - e2) * Math.sin(lat),
+        };
+        const dot = p.x * drawn.x + p.y * drawn.y + p.z * drawn.z;
+        const cos = dot / (Math.hypot(p.x, p.y, p.z) * Math.hypot(drawn.x, drawn.y, drawn.z));
+        infoGap = 6371008.8 * Math.acos(Math.min(1, cos));
+      }
+      // While the 3D model is the visual the head ends at the model's tail
+      // anchor, which sits on the drawn (pixel-size-enlarged) model.
+      const model = window.__findTrackedModel ? window.__findTrackedModel() : null;
+      const sphere = model && model.ready && model.show ? model.boundingSphere : null;
+      // boundingSphere leaves out the minimum-pixel-size enlargement that
+      // computedScale carries; the drawn model is that much larger.
+      const enlarge = sphere && Number.isFinite(model.computedScale) && model.scale > 0
+        ? Math.max(1, model.computedScale / model.scale)
+        : 1;
+      const radius = sphere ? sphere.radius * enlarge : null;
+      return {
+        end: dist(end, drawn),
+        onModel: sphere ? dist(end, sphere.center) <= radius + 50 : false,
+        modelRadius: radius,
+        infoGap,
+        vertices: line.length,
+      };
+    }, trackedIcao);
+    // The same reading between frames, the way a page script polls it: the
+    // head holds the last rendered frame while getTrackedInfo dead-reckons
+    // the current instant. Logged only, to tell the two apart.
+    const betweenFrames = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+      await sleep(600);
+      betweenFrames.push(await evalPage((icao) => {
+        const viewer = window.__godsEyeView.viewer;
+        const head = viewer.entities.values.find((e) => String(e.id).startsWith('gev-trail:fl-head-'));
+        const line = head?.polyline?.positions?.getValue(viewer.clock.currentTime);
+        const drawn = viewer.trackedEntity?.position?.getValue(viewer.clock.currentTime);
+        if (!line?.length || !drawn) return null;
+        const end = line[line.length - 1];
+        return Math.hypot(end.x - drawn.x, end.y - drawn.y, end.z - drawn.z);
+      }, trackedIcao));
+    }
+    console.log(`  (between frames: head end vs entity position, m: ${
+      betweenFrames.map((v) => (v == null ? '-' : v.toFixed(1))).join(' ')})`);
+    // Freeze the plane where it got to, so later checks see a still contact.
+    await evalPage((icao) => {
+      const f = window.__SYNTH.flights.find((p) => p.icao === icao);
+      f.lon += (f.vel * (Date.now() - f.moveFromMs)) / 1000
+        / (111320 * Math.cos((f.lat * Math.PI) / 180));
+      delete f.moveFromMs;
+    }, trackedIcao);
+    const headUsable = headSamples.values.filter((v) => v != null);
+    if (headUsable.length < 10) {
+      skip('trail head: ends at the drawn icon on every frame',
+        `only ${headUsable.length} frames with a drawn head (timedOut=${headSamples.timedOut})`);
+    } else {
+      const worst = Math.max(...headUsable.map((v) => v.end));
+      const off = headUsable.filter((v) => !(v.end <= 50 || v.onModel));
+      const onModel = headUsable.filter((v) => v.end > 50 && v.onModel).length;
+      const radii = headUsable.map((v) => v.modelRadius).filter((v) => v != null);
+      const gaps = headUsable.map((v) => v.infoGap).filter((v) => v != null);
+      record('trail head: last vertex on the drawn icon (within 50 m, or on the drawn 3D model) on every frame',
+        off.length === 0,
+        `${off.length} of ${headUsable.length} frames off; max end-to-centre=${worst.toFixed(1)} m, ${onModel} frames ending on the model's tail (model radius ${
+          radii.length ? Math.max(...radii).toFixed(0) : 'n/a'} m); getTrackedInfo vs drawn icon max=${
+          gaps.length ? Math.max(...gaps).toFixed(1) : 'n/a'} m (logged only)`);
+    }
+
     // ============================================================
     // INVARIANT 2: NO PULL-OUT on a track switch
     //   tracking B while tracking A must not fly to ~80 km overview.
@@ -1744,7 +1854,8 @@ async function main() {
 
     // ============================================================
     // REGRESSION M3 (rewritten 2026-07-02 — deliberate behavior change):
-    // when the TRACKED plane ages out (3 missed polls), tracking must clear
+    // when the TRACKED plane ages out (10 min after its newest fix, past the
+    // 3 missed polls that remove an untracked plane), tracking must clear
     // and the camera must be RELEASED IN PLACE — viewer.trackedEntity
     // undefined and NO jump (the old contract flew an ~80 km overview; the
     // owner field-ruled that wrong: "it randomly zooms way up and loses my
@@ -1765,27 +1876,48 @@ async function main() {
       const beforeTracking = !!fl.getTrackedInfo();
       // Simulate the age-out via the shim: the plane stops arriving.
       window.__SYNTH.flights = window.__SYNTH.flights.filter((f) => f.icao !== icao);
-      // MISSING_POLL_LIMIT = 3 consecutive absent polls → removal + clear.
-      // Capture the camera pose right BEFORE the removing poll — the follow
-      // camera drifts with the coasting plane until the instant of release,
-      // so this is the "where the user was looking" reference.
+      // The tracked plane outlives MISSING_POLL_LIMIT (3 absent polls): it is
+      // kept until 10 min after its newest fix, so the camera keeps its target.
       await fl.update(v);
       await fl.update(v);
-      const c0 = v.camera.positionCartographic;
-      const atAgeOut = {
-        lonDeg: (c0.longitude * 180) / Math.PI,
-        latDeg: (c0.latitude * 180) / Math.PI,
-        height: c0.height,
-      };
-      await fl.update(v); // third miss → removal + clear + in-place release
-      return {
-        beforeTracking,
-        atAgeOut,
-        stillTrackedAfter: !!fl.getTrackedInfo(),
-        viewerStillTracking: !!v.trackedEntity,
-      };
+      await fl.update(v);
+      const trackedThroughMisses = !!fl.getTrackedInfo();
+      // Jump the page clock past the 10 min retention instead of waiting.
+      const realNow = Date.now;
+      Date.now = () => realNow() + 11 * 60 * 1000;
+      try {
+        // Let the follow camera settle on the stopped plane, then capture the
+        // pose right BEFORE the removing poll: the "where the user was
+        // looking" reference.
+        await new Promise((res) => {
+          const stop = v.scene.postRender.addEventListener(() => {
+            stop();
+            res();
+          });
+          v.scene.requestRender();
+        });
+        const c0 = v.camera.positionCartographic;
+        const atAgeOut = {
+          lonDeg: (c0.longitude * 180) / Math.PI,
+          latDeg: (c0.latitude * 180) / Math.PI,
+          height: c0.height,
+        };
+        await fl.update(v); // past retention → removal + clear + in-place release
+        return {
+          beforeTracking,
+          trackedThroughMisses,
+          atAgeOut,
+          stillTrackedAfter: !!fl.getTrackedInfo(),
+          viewerStillTracking: !!v.trackedEntity,
+        };
+      } finally {
+        Date.now = realNow;
+      }
     }, m3Icao);
 
+    record('M3: the tracked plane stays tracked through 3 missed polls (kept 10 min after its newest fix)',
+      m3.trackedThroughMisses,
+      `trackedThroughMisses=${m3.trackedThroughMisses}`);
     record('M3: tracking cleared after the tracked plane ages out (getTrackedInfo null)',
       m3.beforeTracking && !m3.stillTrackedAfter,
       `before=${m3.beforeTracking} trackedAfter=${m3.stillTrackedAfter}`);
diff --git a/src/data/motionModel.js b/src/data/motionModel.js
index eb6020850..7e4474c34 100644
--- a/src/data/motionModel.js
+++ b/src/data/motionModel.js
@@ -198,6 +198,157 @@ export function staleCoastLimitSeconds({
   return Math.min(ceiling, Math.max(floor, contactLeadSec + grace));
 }
 
+/** @constant {number} Dead reckoning never moves a contact faster than this
+ *  (1,500 kt, the trail's continuity limit), so a corrupt reported speed
+ *  cannot fly a coasting plane hundreds of kilometres. */
+export const COAST_MAX_SPEED_MPS = (1_500 * 1852) / 3600;
+
+/** @constant {number} A contact with no fresh report coasts at most this long past it, whatever its source limit; there is no distance cap. */
+export const STALE_COAST_MAX_SEC = 300;
+
+/** @constant {number} A report this close to a known ground height holds
+ *  instead of coasting. */
+export const STALE_HOLD_MAX_HEIGHT_M = 150;
+
+/**
+ * Whether a contact whose reports have stopped holds at its last reported
+ * position instead of coasting: it reported on the ground, or a known ground
+ * floor puts it within STALE_HOLD_MAX_HEIGHT_M of the ground (landing or
+ * taking off). A plane that low has no evidence of being anywhere but where
+ * it was last heard. Where the ground is unknown, barometric altitude is not
+ * read as height above it; the contact coasts under the stale cap.
+ * @param {object} report
+ * @param {boolean} [report.onGround]
+ * @param {number} [report.heightM] - Render height (ellipsoidal metres).
+ * @param {number} [report.groundM] - Ellipsoidal ground under the report, if known.
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function staleHoldsAtLastReport({ onGround, heightM, groundM } = {}) {
+  if (onGround === true) return true;
+  return (
+    Number.isFinite(heightM) &&
+    Number.isFinite(groundM) &&
+    heightM - groundM < STALE_HOLD_MAX_HEIGHT_M
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * The hold-or-coast decision for a report, made once and kept on the report,
+ * so a ground floor that resolves while the contact coasts cannot flip it and
+ * snap the icon back. Height and position come from the report itself.
+ * @param {{position: Cesium.Cartesian3, staleHolds?: boolean}} fix - History
+ *   fix; `staleHolds` is stored on it.
+ * @param {object} args
+ * @param {boolean} [args.onGround] - The contact's ground flag.
+ * @param {(latDeg: number, lonDeg: number) => number|null} [args.cachedGroundFloor]
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function staleHoldsForFix(fix, { onGround, cachedGroundFloor } = {}) {
+  if (typeof fix.staleHolds === 'boolean') return fix.staleHolds;
+  const carto = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(
+    fix.position,
+    Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84,
+    _holdCarto,
+  );
+  const groundM =
+    carto && typeof cachedGroundFloor === 'function'
+      ? cachedGroundFloor(
+          Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.latitude),
+          Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.longitude),
+        )
+      : null;
+  fix.staleHolds = staleHoldsAtLastReport({
+    onGround,
+    heightM: carto?.height,
+    groundM,
+  });
+  return fix.staleHolds;
+}
+
+const _holdCarto = new Cesium.Cartographic();
+
+/**
+ * Seconds a contact coasts past `newest` at a display time `elapsedSec`
+ * after it, counting any coast a synthetic fix already took since the real
+ * report it was built from (`reportEpochMs`), so a chain of synthetic fixes
+ * never coasts further than one report would.
+ * @param {object} args
+ * @param {{epochMs: number, reportEpochMs?: number, velocity?: number}} args.newest
+ * @param {number} args.elapsedSec - Display time past `newest`.
+ * @param {number} args.coastLimitSec - Source limit past `newest`.
+ * @param {boolean} args.holds
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+export function staleCoastSecondsFrom({
+  newest,
+  elapsedSec,
+  coastLimitSec,
+  holds,
+}) {
+  const alreadySec = Number.isFinite(newest?.reportEpochMs)
+    ? Math.max(0, (newest.epochMs - newest.reportEpochMs) / 1000)
+    : 0;
+  return Math.max(
+    0,
+    staleCoastSeconds({
+      elapsedSec: elapsedSec + alreadySec,
+      coastLimitSec: coastLimitSec + alreadySec,
+      holds,
+    }) - alreadySec,
+  );
+}
+
+/** @constant {number} A coasted position sits at least this far (m) above the ground. */
+export const COAST_FLOOR_LIFT_M = 1.5;
+
+/**
+ * Lift a coasted position to COAST_FLOOR_LIFT_M above the ground where the
+ * ground is known; a coast runs level from the report and terrain may rise
+ * under it.
+ * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} position - Mutated in place.
+ * @param {(latDeg: number, lonDeg: number) => number|null} [cachedGroundFloor]
+ * @returns {Cesium.Cartesian3}
+ */
+export function floorCoastedPosition(position, cachedGroundFloor) {
+  if (typeof cachedGroundFloor !== 'function') return position;
+  const carto = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(
+    position,
+    Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84,
+    _coastCarto,
+  );
+  if (!carto) return position;
+  const ground = cachedGroundFloor(
+    Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.latitude),
+    Cesium.Math.toDegrees(carto.longitude),
+  );
+  if (!Number.isFinite(ground) || carto.height >= ground + COAST_FLOOR_LIFT_M)
+    return position;
+  return Cesium.Cartesian3.fromRadians(
+    carto.longitude,
+    carto.latitude,
+    ground + COAST_FLOOR_LIFT_M,
+    Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84,
+    position,
+  );
+}
+
+const _coastCarto = new Cesium.Cartographic();
+
+/**
+ * Seconds to coast past the last report: the elapsed time, bounded by the
+ * source's coast limit and STALE_COAST_MAX_SEC; none for a contact that
+ * holds.
+ * @param {object} args
+ * @param {number} args.elapsedSec - Display time past the last report.
+ * @param {number} args.coastLimitSec - From `staleCoastLimitSeconds`.
+ * @param {boolean} args.holds - From `staleHoldsAtLastReport`.
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+export function staleCoastSeconds({ elapsedSec, coastLimitSec, holds }) {
+  if (holds || !(elapsedSec > 0)) return 0;
+  return Math.max(0, Math.min(elapsedSec, coastLimitSec, STALE_COAST_MAX_SEC));
+}
+
 /**
  * Shortest-arc rate limiter: step `prevDeg` toward `targetDeg` by at most
  * `maxDegPerSec * dtSec`. Seeds directly on the target when prev is null.
@@ -446,12 +597,21 @@ const _forwardFixOffset = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
  * kinematics. This prevents a late course change from reprojecting the entire
  * stale interval and snapping the rendered contact by kilometres.
  *
+ * The same stale rules as the display apply: no fix for a contact that holds
+ * at its report (`staleHoldsForFix`, decided before calling), a coast of at
+ * most STALE_COAST_MAX_SEC counted from the real report
+ * (`reportEpochMs` carries it along a chain), and never below known ground.
+ * The result is a motion fix only, never a report for the trail.
+ *
  * @param {{time: Cesium.JulianDate, epochMs?: number, position: Cesium.Cartesian3,
- *   velocity?: number, track?: number}} newest Existing immutable history fix.
- * @param {{epochMs: number, velocity: number, track: number, turnRateDps?: number}} next
+ *   velocity?: number, track?: number, staleHolds?: boolean, reportEpochMs?: number}} newest
+ *   Existing immutable history fix.
+ * @param {{epochMs: number, velocity: number, track: number, turnRateDps?: number,
+ *   cachedGroundFloor?: Function}} next
  *   New kinematics and the wall/source epoch at which they become authoritative.
  * @returns {{time: Cesium.JulianDate, epochMs: number, position: Cesium.Cartesian3,
- *   velocity: number, track: number}|null} Forward synthetic fix, or null.
+ *   velocity: number, track: number, staleHolds?: boolean, reportEpochMs: number}|null}
+ *   Forward synthetic fix, or null.
  */
 export function synthesizeForwardKinematicsFix(newest, next = {}) {
   if (!newest?.position || !newest?.time || !Number.isFinite(next.epochMs))
@@ -461,12 +621,18 @@ export function synthesizeForwardKinematicsFix(newest, next = {}) {
     : Cesium.JulianDate.toDate(newest.time).getTime();
   if (!Number.isFinite(startEpochMs) || next.epochMs <= startEpochMs)
     return null;
+  if (newest.staleHolds === true) return null;
 
   const previousVelocity = Number.isFinite(newest.velocity)
     ? Math.max(0, newest.velocity)
     : 0;
   const previousTrack = Number.isFinite(newest.track) ? newest.track : 0;
-  const dtSec = (next.epochMs - startEpochMs) / 1000;
+  const dtSec = staleCoastSecondsFrom({
+    newest: { epochMs: startEpochMs, reportEpochMs: newest.reportEpochMs },
+    elapsedSec: (next.epochMs - startEpochMs) / 1000,
+    coastLimitSec: Infinity,
+    holds: false,
+  });
   arcOffsetEnu(
     previousVelocity,
     previousTrack,
@@ -485,14 +651,21 @@ export function synthesizeForwardKinematicsFix(newest, next = {}) {
     Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84,
     _forwardFixEnu,
   );
-  const position = Cesium.Matrix4.multiplyByPoint(
-    enu,
-    _forwardFixOffset,
-    new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+  const position = floorCoastedPosition(
+    Cesium.Matrix4.multiplyByPoint(
+      enu,
+      _forwardFixOffset,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    ),
+    next.cachedGroundFloor,
   );
   return {
     time: Cesium.JulianDate.fromDate(new Date(next.epochMs)),
     epochMs: next.epochMs,
+    reportEpochMs: Number.isFinite(newest.reportEpochMs)
+      ? newest.reportEpochMs
+      : startEpochMs,
+    staleHolds: newest.staleHolds,
     position,
     velocity: Number.isFinite(next.velocity)
       ? Math.max(0, next.velocity)
diff --git a/src/data/routeSegment.test.mjs b/src/data/routeSegment.test.mjs
index caa02c4ea..0760c4825 100644
--- a/src/data/routeSegment.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/routeSegment.test.mjs
@@ -140,7 +140,10 @@ test('the actual native tracked label hides the wrong leg and keeps a healthy ro
     ].map((name) => [name, {}]),
   );
   services.aircraftPresentation = { isTr3b: () => false };
-  const parts = { queries: { _contactLabel: (_, info) => info.callsign } };
+  const parts = {
+    queries: { _contactLabel: (_, info) => info.callsign },
+    motion: { _signalLost: () => null },
+  };
   const tracking = createTracking({ flightState, services, parts });
   for (const [position, expected] of [
     [beyond, false],
diff --git a/src/data/trailContinuity.js b/src/data/trailContinuity.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..629b8bca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/trailContinuity.js
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+/**
+ * @module trailContinuity
+ * @description Where a tracked aircraft's trail lifts the pen.
+ *
+ * A trail is a chronological list of fixes `{position, timeMs, nullAltitude,
+ * breakBefore, drawn}`: reports, and (`drawn`) points where the tracked icon
+ * was drawn between them. Between two consecutive fixes that are not one path, a new
+ * segment starts and nothing is drawn between them: no dashes, no arcs.
+ * Nothing is dropped except the oldest fixes past the layer's point limit.
+ *
+ * Two points are not one path when time does not advance, when the gap is
+ * longer than 48 minutes (a coverage hole or a separate flight), when the
+ * implied great-circle speed is over 1,500 kt, or when either point has no
+ * reported altitude. A parked aircraft is the exception: a pair under three
+ * hours apart within 0.1 nm stays one path.
+ *
+ * Civil and military flight tracking share these rules.
+ */
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+
+/** @constant {number} A gap longer than this is a coverage hole or a separate flight. */
+export const TRAIL_CONTINUITY_MAX_GAP_MS = 48 * 60_000;
+
+/** @constant {number} A pair implying more than this great-circle speed is not one path. */
+export const TRAIL_CONTINUITY_MAX_SPEED_KT = 1_500;
+
+/** @constant {number} A parked aircraft may stop reporting this long and stay one path. */
+export const TRAIL_STATIONARY_HOLD_MAX_GAP_MS = 3 * 60 * 60_000;
+
+/** @constant {number} How close (nautical miles) two points must be to count as parked. */
+export const TRAIL_STATIONARY_HOLD_MAX_DISTANCE_NM = 0.1;
+
+/** @constant {number} The head never joins a body point farther than this from the aircraft. */
+export const TRAIL_HEAD_JOIN_MAX_M = 150_000;
+
+const METRES_PER_NM = 1852;
+
+/** @constant {number} Mean Earth radius (m) for great-circle trail distances. */
+const EARTH_MEAN_RADIUS_M = 6_371_008.8;
+
+/**
+ * Whether two consecutive trail points belong to different paths. Time that
+ * does not advance, a gap over TRAIL_CONTINUITY_MAX_GAP_MS or an implied
+ * speed over TRAIL_CONTINUITY_MAX_SPEED_KT breaks the line, except for a
+ * parked aircraft: a pair under three hours apart within 0.1 nm.
+ * @param {number} deltaMs - Later point's time minus the earlier one's.
+ * @param {number} distanceM - Great-circle distance between the points.
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function trailPairBreaks(deltaMs, distanceM) {
+  if (!(deltaMs > 0) || !Number.isFinite(distanceM)) return true;
+  const distanceNm = distanceM / METRES_PER_NM;
+  if (
+    deltaMs <= TRAIL_STATIONARY_HOLD_MAX_GAP_MS &&
+    distanceNm <= TRAIL_STATIONARY_HOLD_MAX_DISTANCE_NM
+  )
+    return false;
+  return (
+    deltaMs > TRAIL_CONTINUITY_MAX_GAP_MS ||
+    distanceNm / (deltaMs / 3_600_000) > TRAIL_CONTINUITY_MAX_SPEED_KT
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether the head segment may join the last body point to the aircraft:
+ * within TRAIL_HEAD_JOIN_MAX_M and not broken under `trailPairBreaks`.
+ * @param {number} deltaMs - Current time minus the body point's time.
+ * @param {number} distanceM - Distance from the body point to the aircraft.
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function trailHeadJoins(deltaMs, distanceM) {
+  return (
+    distanceM <= TRAIL_HEAD_JOIN_MAX_M && !trailPairBreaks(deltaMs, distanceM)
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Great-circle distance between two trail positions, in metres.
+ * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} a
+ * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} b
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+export function trailDistanceM(a, b) {
+  return Cesium.Cartesian3.angleBetween(a, b) * EARTH_MEAN_RADIUS_M;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether the pen lifts between two consecutive fixes.
+ * @param {object|undefined} prev - Earlier fix, if any.
+ * @param {object} next - Later fix.
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function trailFixBreaks(prev, next) {
+  if (!prev || prev.nullAltitude || next.nullAltitude) return true;
+  // A recorded point is where the icon was drawn; the speed between it and a
+  // report it was eased onto is not a flight speed, so only the gap counts.
+  if (prev.drawn || next.drawn)
+    return Math.abs(next.timeMs - prev.timeMs) > TRAIL_CONTINUITY_MAX_GAP_MS;
+  return trailPairBreaks(
+    next.timeMs - prev.timeMs,
+    trailDistanceM(prev.position, next.position),
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build backfill fixes from chronological waypoints. Every waypoint with a
+ * position is kept. A waypoint without one (no altitude and no known ground)
+ * is skipped, and the line still breaks there.
+ * @param {{position: Cesium.Cartesian3|null, timeMs: number, nullAltitude: boolean}[]} waypoints
+ * @returns {{fixes: object[], breakAfter: boolean}} The fixes, and whether the
+ *   line breaks after the last one because trailing waypoints were skipped.
+ */
+export function trailBackfillFixes(waypoints) {
+  const fixes = [];
+  let skipped = false;
+  for (const { position, timeMs, nullAltitude } of waypoints) {
+    if (!position) {
+      skipped = true;
+      continue;
+    }
+    const fix = { position, timeMs, nullAltitude: !!nullAltitude };
+    fix.breakBefore = skipped || trailFixBreaks(fixes[fixes.length - 1], fix);
+    skipped = false;
+    fixes.push(fix);
+  }
+  return { fixes, breakAfter: skipped };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Put backfill fixes ahead of the live trail. The join follows the same
+ * rule, so a distant history tail never connects to the first live fix.
+ * Past `maxPoints` the oldest recorded points go first, then the oldest
+ * reports.
+ * @param {{fixes: object[], breakAfter: boolean}} backfill
+ * @param {object[]} live - Live fixes; the first one's break is recomputed.
+ * @param {number} maxPoints - Point limit across all segments.
+ * @returns {object[]} The joined trail.
+ */
+export function joinTrailBackfill({ fixes, breakAfter }, live, maxPoints) {
+  if (!fixes.length) return live;
+  if (live.length)
+    live[0].breakBefore =
+      breakAfter || trailFixBreaks(fixes[fixes.length - 1], live[0]);
+  return keepTrailLimit(fixes.concat(live), maxPoints);
+}
+
+/**
+ * How many fixes the drawn body holds: every fix at or before the display
+ * time, where the aircraft is drawn. Fixes ahead of it (reports newer than
+ * the delayed display) are reached by the head segment instead, so the trail
+ * never runs past the aircraft, and once the display passes the newest
+ * report the body ends there.
+ * @param {object[]} fixes
+ * @param {number} displayMs - Time the aircraft is drawn at.
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+export function trailBodyCount(fixes, displayMs) {
+  let count = fixes.length;
+  while (count > 0 && fixes[count - 1].timeMs > displayMs) count -= 1;
+  return count;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Leave out the newest recorded points that lie inside the aircraft's 3D
+ * model, so the body never runs through the fuselage; the head then runs
+ * from the newest point outside the model to the plane. Reports are kept.
+ * @param {object[]} fixes
+ * @param {number} count - From `trailBodyCount`.
+ * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3|null} modelCenter - The model's centre, or null
+ *   when no model is the visual.
+ * @param {number|null} envelopeM - The model's radius (m).
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+export function trailBodyCountOutsideModel(
+  fixes,
+  count,
+  modelCenter,
+  envelopeM,
+) {
+  if (!modelCenter || !(envelopeM > 0)) return count;
+  while (
+    count > 0 &&
+    fixes[count - 1].drawn &&
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(fixes[count - 1].position, modelCenter) <
+      envelopeM
+  )
+    count -= 1;
+  return count;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The drawn trail body, split at breaks: the first `count` fixes.
+ * @param {object[]} fixes
+ * @param {number} count - From `trailBodyCount`.
+ * @returns {Cesium.Cartesian3[][]}
+ */
+export function trailBodySegments(fixes, count) {
+  const segments = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    const fix = fixes[i];
+    // A live report with no altitude keeps no position; it only breaks the line.
+    if (!fix.position) continue;
+    if (fix.breakBefore || !segments.length) segments.push([]);
+    segments[segments.length - 1].push(fix.position);
+  }
+  return segments;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Draw body segments. A trail without breaks support draws only the newest
+ * segment, never a line across a break.
+ * @param {{setSegments?: Function, setPositions: Function}} trail
+ * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3[][]} segments
+ */
+export function drawTrailSegments(trail, segments) {
+  if (typeof trail.setSegments === 'function') trail.setSegments(segments);
+  else trail.setPositions(segments[segments.length - 1] ?? []);
+}
+
+/** @constant {number} A head shorter than this (m) is not drawn: the aircraft is holding at its last report. */
+const TRAIL_HEAD_MIN_M = 0.5;
+
+/**
+ * The body fix the head segment starts from, or null when the head is not
+ * drawn: no body yet, the aircraft holding at that fix, a body point more
+ * than 150 km from the aircraft, or one too long ago or too far away to be
+ * one path.
+ * @param {object[]} fixes
+ * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} head - Displayed aircraft position.
+ * @param {number} nowMs - Current time.
+ * @param {number} count - Body fixes, from `trailBodyCount`.
+ * @returns {object|null}
+ */
+export function trailHeadStartFix(fixes, head, nowMs, count) {
+  if (count < 1 || !head) return null;
+  const last = fixes[count - 1];
+  if (!last.position) return null;
+  if (Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(last.position, head) < TRAIL_HEAD_MIN_M)
+    return null;
+  return trailHeadJoins(
+    nowMs - last.timeMs,
+    trailDistanceM(last.position, head),
+  )
+    ? last
+    : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Epoch ms of a position-history fix (`{epochMs?, time}`).
+ * @param {object|undefined} fix
+ * @returns {number} NaN when unknown.
+ */
+export function historyFixEpochMs(fix) {
+  if (Number.isFinite(fix?.epochMs)) return fix.epochMs;
+  return fix?.time ? Cesium.JulianDate.toDate(fix.time).getTime() : NaN;
+}
+
+/** @constant {number} The tracked icon's drawn position is recorded at least this often (ms of display time)... */
+export const TRAIL_RECORD_STEP_MS = 1_000;
+
+/** @constant {number} ...or whenever it has moved this far (m), whichever comes first. */
+export const TRAIL_RECORD_STEP_M = 150;
+
+/** @constant {number} A recorded point is kept only where dropping it would move the line by more than this (m) across the track or in height. */
+export const TRAIL_THIN_TOLERANCE_M = 30;
+
+/** @constant {number} A recorded point is kept where dropping it would leave a straight piece longer than this (m), so a long leg still has vertices. */
+export const TRAIL_THIN_MAX_SPAN_M = 10_000;
+
+/** @constant {number} A kept point stands in for at most this many dropped positions; past it the point is kept. */
+const TRAIL_THIN_MAX_ABSORBED = 512;
+
+/** @constant {number} A recorded point is dropped where the line turns back sharper than this (degrees)... */
+export const TRAIL_SPUR_TURN_DEG = 120;
+
+/** @constant {number} ...over a step shorter than this (m). */
+export const TRAIL_SPUR_MAX_STEP_M = 500;
+
+/** @constant {number} A recorded point closer than this (m) to the previous one is not kept: the aircraft is holding. */
+const TRAIL_RECORD_MIN_STEP_M = 1;
+
+const _u = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+const _v = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+
+/** Cosine of the turn at `b` on the way a → b → c, or NaN for a zero step. */
+function turnCos(a, b, c) {
+  Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(b, a, _u);
+  Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(c, b, _v);
+  const lu = Cesium.Cartesian3.magnitude(_u);
+  const lv = Cesium.Cartesian3.magnitude(_v);
+  if (!(lu > 0 && lv > 0)) return NaN;
+  return Cesium.Cartesian3.dot(_u, _v) / (lu * lv);
+}
+
+const SPUR_COS = Math.cos(Cesium.Math.toRadians(TRAIL_SPUR_TURN_DEG));
+
+/** Whether entry `i` and its neighbours are one drawn piece of line. */
+function joinedAt(fixes, i) {
+  const a = fixes[i - 1];
+  const b = fixes[i];
+  const c = fixes[i + 1];
+  return (
+    a?.position &&
+    b?.position &&
+    c?.position &&
+    !b.breakBefore &&
+    !c.breakBefore
+  );
+}
+
+/** Whether the line turns back on itself at entry `i` over a short step. */
+function spurAt(fixes, i) {
+  if (!joinedAt(fixes, i)) return false;
+  const a = fixes[i - 1].position;
+  const b = fixes[i].position;
+  const c = fixes[i + 1].position;
+  if (
+    Math.min(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(a, b),
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(b, c),
+    ) > TRAIL_SPUR_MAX_STEP_M
+  )
+    return false;
+  return turnCos(a, b, c) < SPUR_COS;
+}
+
+/** Remove entry `i` and re-judge the break before the entry that takes its place. */
+function removeAt(fixes, i) {
+  fixes.splice(i, 1);
+  if (i < fixes.length)
+    fixes[i].breakBefore = trailFixBreaks(fixes[i - 1], fixes[i]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Keep the point limit: drop the oldest recorded point first, and the oldest
+ * report only when no recorded point is left.
+ * @param {object[]} fixes - The trail, mutated.
+ * @param {number} maxPoints
+ * @returns {object[]} `fixes`.
+ */
+function keepTrailLimit(fixes, maxPoints) {
+  let excess = fixes.length - maxPoints;
+  if (excess <= 0) return fixes;
+  for (let i = 0; i < fixes.length && excess > 0;) {
+    if (fixes[i].drawn) {
+      removeAt(fixes, i);
+      excess -= 1;
+    } else i += 1;
+  }
+  if (excess > 0) fixes.splice(0, excess);
+  return fixes;
+}
+
+const _ab = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+const _ap = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+const _off = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+const _up = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+
+/** Whether `p` lies within the thinning tolerance of segment a → b, across the track and in height. */
+function nearSegment(p, a, b) {
+  Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(b, a, _ab);
+  Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(p, a, _ap);
+  const len2 = Cesium.Cartesian3.magnitudeSquared(_ab);
+  const t =
+    len2 > 0
+      ? Math.max(0, Math.min(1, Cesium.Cartesian3.dot(_ap, _ab) / len2))
+      : 0;
+  Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(_ab, t, _off);
+  Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(_ap, _off, _off);
+  Cesium.Cartesian3.normalize(p, _up);
+  const vertical = Cesium.Cartesian3.dot(_off, _up);
+  const across = Math.sqrt(
+    Math.max(0, Cesium.Cartesian3.magnitudeSquared(_off) - vertical * vertical),
+  );
+  return (
+    Math.abs(vertical) <= TRAIL_THIN_TOLERANCE_M &&
+    across <= TRAIL_THIN_TOLERANCE_M
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Drop recorded point `i` when the line without it stays within the
+ * tolerance of every position it stood for, and the straight piece left is
+ * no longer than TRAIL_THIN_MAX_SPAN_M. The positions it stood for go on to
+ * the next entry. Reports are never dropped.
+ * @returns {boolean} Whether it was dropped.
+ */
+function thinAt(fixes, i) {
+  const entry = fixes[i];
+  if (!entry?.drawn || entry.sealed || !joinedAt(fixes, i)) return false;
+  const a = fixes[i - 1].position;
+  const next = fixes[i + 1];
+  if (next.sealed) return false;
+  const b = next.position;
+  if (Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(a, b) > TRAIL_THIN_MAX_SPAN_M) return false;
+  const stood = entry.absorbed ?? [];
+  const nextStood = next.absorbed ?? [];
+  if (stood.length + nextStood.length + 1 > TRAIL_THIN_MAX_ABSORBED)
+    return false;
+  if (!nearSegment(entry.position, a, b)) return false;
+  for (const p of stood) if (!nearSegment(p.position, a, b)) return false;
+  for (const p of nextStood) if (!nearSegment(p.position, a, b)) return false;
+  next.absorbed = stood.concat(
+    [{ position: entry.position, timeMs: entry.timeMs }],
+    nextStood,
+  );
+  removeAt(fixes, i);
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Thin the recorded points either side of entry `i`, reaching past a
+ * neighbouring report: the point recorded just before a report is only
+ * judged once the line goes on beyond it.
+ */
+function thinAround(fixes, i) {
+  if (!thinAt(fixes, i + 1) && fixes[i + 1] && !fixes[i + 1].drawn)
+    thinAt(fixes, i + 2);
+  if (thinAt(fixes, i - 1)) i -= 1;
+  else if (fixes[i - 1] && !fixes[i - 1].drawn) thinAt(fixes, i - 2);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Drop recorded points that make a spur next to entry `i`. Reports are never
+ * dropped; at a report the recorded neighbour is dropped instead.
+ * @returns {number} The index entry `i` ends up at.
+ */
+function removeSpursAround(fixes, i) {
+  for (let guard = 0; guard < 64; guard++) {
+    let changed = false;
+    for (const j of [i - 1, i, i + 1]) {
+      if (!spurAt(fixes, j)) continue;
+      let drop = -1;
+      if (fixes[j].drawn) drop = j;
+      else if (fixes[j + 1]?.drawn) drop = j + 1;
+      else if (fixes[j - 1]?.drawn) drop = j - 1;
+      if (drop < 0) continue;
+      removeAt(fixes, drop);
+      if (drop < i) i -= 1;
+      changed = true;
+      break;
+    }
+    if (!changed) break;
+  }
+  return i;
+}
+
+/** Index a fix at `timeMs` goes in at: after every entry at or before it. */
+function insertionIndex(fixes, timeMs) {
+  let i = fixes.length;
+  while (i > 0 && fixes[i - 1].timeMs > timeMs) i -= 1;
+  return i;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Insert an entry at `i`, judge both breaks, remove spurs, thin the recorded
+ * points either side and keep the limit.
+ */
+function insertAt(fixes, i, entry, maxPoints) {
+  fixes.splice(i, 0, entry);
+  entry.breakBefore = trailFixBreaks(fixes[i - 1], entry);
+  const after = fixes[i + 1];
+  if (after) {
+    after.breakBefore = trailFixBreaks(entry, after);
+    // Positions the next entry stood for that come before this one are now
+    // on this entry's side.
+    if (after.absorbed?.length) {
+      const mine = after.absorbed.filter((p) => p.timeMs < entry.timeMs);
+      if (mine.length) {
+        entry.absorbed = mine;
+        after.absorbed = after.absorbed.filter((p) => p.timeMs >= entry.timeMs);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  i = removeSpursAround(fixes, i);
+  thinAround(fixes, i);
+  keepTrailLimit(fixes, maxPoints);
+}
+
+/** Index of the newest report before entry `i`, or -1. */
+function reportBefore(fixes, i) {
+  let j = i - 1;
+  while (j >= 0 && fixes[j].drawn) j -= 1;
+  return j;
+}
+
+/** Index of the oldest report at or after `i`, or `fixes.length`. */
+function reportFrom(fixes, i) {
+  let j = i;
+  while (j < fixes.length && fixes[j].drawn) j += 1;
+  return j;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Put a report into the trail in time order. Reports are the record: they
+ * are kept as anchors among the recorded points.
+ *
+ * - A report the display has already passed replaces the guess drawn after
+ *   it: the recorded points timed after it go, and nothing is recorded until
+ *   the icon has eased onto the correction (`displayMs` + `settleMs`), so the
+ *   line reads arc, report, corrected path.
+ * - Recorded points never join two reports that break under
+ *   `trailPairBreaks` (too long or too fast apart to be one flight): the
+ *   points between them go and the line breaks.
+ * - A live report with no altitude keeps no position and only breaks the
+ *   line.
+ * @param {object[]} fixes - The trail, mutated.
+ * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} position - Owned position.
+ * @param {number} timeMs - The report's epoch ms.
+ * @param {number} maxPoints - Point limit across all segments.
+ * @param {{nullAltitude?: boolean, displayMs?: number, settleMs?: number}} [options]
+ *   `displayMs`: the time the aircraft is drawn at as the report arrives;
+ *   `settleMs`: how long the icon takes to ease onto a correction.
+ * @returns {object[]} `fixes`.
+ */
+export function insertTrailFix(
+  fixes,
+  position,
+  timeMs,
+  maxPoints,
+  { nullAltitude = false, displayMs = NaN, settleMs = 0 } = {},
+) {
+  const entry = {
+    position: nullAltitude ? null : position,
+    timeMs,
+    nullAltitude,
+    drawn: false,
+    breakBefore: false,
+  };
+  let i = insertionIndex(fixes, timeMs);
+  // The guess drawn after a report the display already passed.
+  fixes.splice(i, reportFrom(fixes, i) - i);
+  if (displayMs > timeMs) entry.settleUntilMs = displayMs + settleMs;
+  // Recorded points across a pair of reports that are not one flight.
+  const before = reportBefore(fixes, i);
+  if (before >= 0 && trailFixBreaks(fixes[before], entry)) {
+    fixes.splice(before + 1, i - before - 1);
+    i = before + 1;
+  }
+  insertAt(fixes, i, entry, maxPoints);
+  return fixes;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Record where the tracked aircraft was drawn at a display time. Between
+ * reports this recorded path is the trail, so the line follows every turn
+ * the icon made instead of a straight chord between two reports. Points are
+ * thinned by shape: one stays only where dropping it would move the line by
+ * more than TRAIL_THIN_TOLERANCE_M across the track or in height, or leave a
+ * straight piece longer than TRAIL_THIN_MAX_SPAN_M. Nothing is recorded
+ * while the aircraft holds.
+ * @param {object[]} fixes - The trail, mutated.
+ * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} position - Owned drawn position.
+ * @param {number} timeMs - Display time it was drawn for.
+ * @param {number} maxPoints - Point limit across all segments.
+ * @returns {boolean} Whether the trail changed.
+ */
+export function recordTrailPoint(fixes, position, timeMs, maxPoints) {
+  const i = insertionIndex(fixes, timeMs);
+  const prev = fixes[i - 1];
+  if (
+    prev?.position &&
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(prev.position, position) <
+      TRAIL_RECORD_MIN_STEP_M
+  )
+    return false;
+  const entry = {
+    position,
+    timeMs,
+    nullAltitude: false,
+    drawn: true,
+    breakBefore: false,
+  };
+  insertAt(fixes, i, entry, maxPoints);
+  // Entries before the second report behind this point can never be thinned
+  // again, so they let go of the positions they stood for.
+  const passed = reportBefore(fixes, fixes.lastIndexOf(entry));
+  if (passed >= 0) sealThrough(fixes, reportBefore(fixes, passed));
+  return true;
+}
+
+/** Release the absorbed positions of entry `i` and everything before it. */
+function sealThrough(fixes, i) {
+  for (let j = i; j >= 0 && !fixes[j].sealed; j--) {
+    fixes[j].sealed = true;
+    delete fixes[j].absorbed;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether the icon's drawn position must not be recorded at a display time:
+ * a report on either side of it has no altitude (the icon is drawn at an
+ * invented height), the reports on either side are not one flight
+ * (`trailPairBreaks`), or the icon is still easing onto a report that
+ * arrived after the display had passed it.
+ * @param {object[]} fixes
+ * @param {number} displayMs
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function trailRecordingBlocked(fixes, displayMs) {
+  const i = insertionIndex(fixes, displayMs);
+  const before = fixes[reportBefore(fixes, i)];
+  const after = fixes[reportFrom(fixes, i)];
+  if (before?.nullAltitude || after?.nullAltitude) return true;
+  if (before?.settleUntilMs > displayMs) return true;
+  return !!(before && after && trailFixBreaks(before, after));
+}
diff --git a/src/data/trailRenderer.js b/src/data/trailRenderer.js
index 8c69ca31c..97c7d3497 100644
--- a/src/data/trailRenderer.js
+++ b/src/data/trailRenderer.js
@@ -14,6 +14,18 @@
  *    the whole history renders at one readable alpha (dimmer where it passes
  *    behind/below geometry).
  *
+ * A trail with breaks draws each segment separately and nothing between
+ * them. Every segment is cut into chunks of up to CHUNK_POINTS points;
+ * adjacent chunks share their boundary point, so the line has no seam. A
+ * chunk that can no longer change (every chunk except the newest one of the
+ * newest segment) is FROZEN: an entity with constant positions, built once as
+ * static geometry, so it costs nothing per frame. Only the newest chunk stays
+ * dynamic. A freshly frozen chunk is also drawn dynamically until its static
+ * geometry is in the scene, so freezing never shows a blank frame. A chunk is
+ * identified by its position objects, so a chunk survives every update that
+ * keeps those points: appends, a backfill prepended ahead of it, or the
+ * oldest points dropping off the front (which rebuilds only the first chunk).
+ *
  * Trails update at poll cadence (~15-60 s) plus once on history backfill, so
  * assigning a fresh positions array per update is cheap. `allowPicking` has
  * no entity equivalent; the polyline entity is excluded from clicks by never
@@ -42,6 +54,13 @@ const TRAIL_ALPHA = 0.85;
 const TRAIL_OCCLUDED_ALPHA = 0.4;
 /** @constant {number} Squared distance (m^2) below which consecutive points are merged. */
 const MIN_SEGMENT_DISTANCE_SQ = 0.01;
+/** @constant {Cesium.Cartesian3[]} What a spare dynamic polyline draws. */
+const NO_POSITIONS = Object.freeze([]);
+/** @constant {number} Points per chunk; adjacent chunks share one point. */
+export const CHUNK_POINTS = 128;
+/** @constant {number} Visible frames a frozen chunk's stand-in waits for its
+ *  static geometry before it is dropped anyway. */
+const STAND_IN_MAX_FRAMES = 600;
 
 /**
  * Create an always-visible polyline trail bound to a viewer.
@@ -49,93 +68,285 @@ const MIN_SEGMENT_DISTANCE_SQ = 0.01;
  * @param {object} options - Trail options.
  * @param {string} options.color - CSS color string for the trail hue.
  * @param {number} [options.width=2.5] - Polyline width in pixels.
- * @returns {{setPositions: function(Cesium.Cartesian3[]): void, setVisible: function(boolean): void, clear: function(): void, destroy: function(): void}}
- *   Trail handle: setPositions replaces the geometry, setVisible temporarily
- *   hides it without discarding history, clear empties it, and destroy removes
- *   the entity permanently.
+ * @returns {{setPositions: function(Cesium.Cartesian3[]): void, setSegments: function(Cesium.Cartesian3[][]): void, setVisible: function(boolean): void, clear: function(): void, destroy: function(): void}}
+ *   Trail handle: setPositions replaces the geometry with one line,
+ *   setSegments with one line per segment, setVisible temporarily hides it
+ *   without discarding history, clear empties it, and destroy removes the
+ *   entities permanently.
  */
 export function createTrail(viewer, { color, width = 2.5 }) {
   const baseColor = Cesium.Color.fromCssColorString(color);
-  /** @type {Cesium.Cartesian3[]} Current deduped positions (owned copy). */
-  let current = [];
+  const material = baseColor.withAlpha(TRAIL_ALPHA);
+  const depthFailMaterial = baseColor.withAlpha(TRAIL_OCCLUDED_ALPHA);
   let destroyed = false;
   let visible = true;
-  /** @type {Cesium.Entity|null} */
-  let entity = null;
+  /** @type {{positions: Cesium.Cartesian3[], entity: Cesium.Entity, standIn: boolean, frames: number}[]} */
+  let frozen = [];
+  /** Newest chunk of the newest segment: the only part that changes. */
+  let tail = NO_POSITIONS;
+  /** What the dynamic polylines draw: the tail, then frozen chunks whose
+   *  static geometry is not in the scene yet. */
+  let dynamicRuns = [];
+  /** @type {Cesium.Entity[]} Pooled dynamic polylines; spares draw nothing. */
+  const dynamicEntities = [];
+  let removeReadyListener = null;
+  const scratchSphere = new Cesium.BoundingSphere();
 
-  function ensureEntity() {
-    if (entity || destroyed || !viewer || viewer.isDestroyed()) return;
-    entity = viewer.entities.add({
+  const usable = () => !destroyed && viewer && !viewer.isDestroyed();
+
+  function polyline(positions) {
+    return {
+      positions,
+      width,
+      material,
+      // The owner-locked rule (round 6): a segment below the photoreal
+      // mesh renders dimmed — it must never disappear into the ground.
+      depthFailMaterial,
+      // Round 8 (owner: UAL1104's Pacific trail "cutting through the
+      // globe"): NONE draws straight 3D chords between waypoints — over a
+      // sparse trans-oceanic trace a single segment spans hundreds of km
+      // and tunnels through the planet. GEODESIC subdivides each segment
+      // along the curved surface (heights interpolated), so long legs hug
+      // the globe instead of chording through it.
+      arcType: Cesium.ArcType.GEODESIC,
+    };
+  }
+
+  function addEntity(positions) {
+    return viewer.entities.add({
       id: `gev-trail:${++_trailSeq}`,
       show: visible,
-      polyline: {
-        // CallbackProperty so a positions swap never rebuilds the entity —
-        // Cesium re-reads on change; `false` marks it non-constant.
-        positions: new Cesium.CallbackProperty(() => current, false),
-        width,
-        material: baseColor.withAlpha(TRAIL_ALPHA),
-        // The owner-locked rule (round 6): a segment below the photoreal
-        // mesh renders dimmed — it must never disappear into the ground.
-        depthFailMaterial: baseColor.withAlpha(TRAIL_OCCLUDED_ALPHA),
-        // Round 8 (owner: UAL1104's Pacific trail "cutting through the
-        // globe"): NONE draws straight 3D chords between waypoints — over a
-        // sparse trans-oceanic trace a single segment spans hundreds of km
-        // and tunnels through the planet. GEODESIC subdivides each segment
-        // along the curved surface (heights interpolated), so long legs hug
-        // the globe instead of chording through it.
-        arcType: Cesium.ArcType.GEODESIC,
-      },
+      polyline: polyline(positions),
     });
   }
 
+  function removeEntity(entity) {
+    try {
+      viewer.entities.remove(entity);
+    } catch {
+      /* torn down */
+    }
+  }
+
+  function syncDynamic() {
+    dynamicRuns = [];
+    if (tail.length >= 2) dynamicRuns.push(tail);
+    for (const chunk of frozen)
+      if (chunk.standIn) dynamicRuns.push(chunk.positions);
+    while (dynamicEntities.length < Math.max(1, dynamicRuns.length)) {
+      const index = dynamicEntities.length;
+      dynamicEntities.push(
+        addEntity(
+          // CallbackProperty so a positions swap never rebuilds the entity —
+          // Cesium re-reads on change; `false` marks it non-constant.
+          new Cesium.CallbackProperty(
+            () => dynamicRuns[index] ?? NO_POSITIONS,
+            false,
+          ),
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Whether a frozen chunk's static geometry is drawn in the scene. */
+  function staticReady(chunk) {
+    const display = viewer.dataSourceDisplay;
+    if (typeof display?.getBoundingSphere !== 'function') return true;
+    if (!visible) return false;
+    chunk.frames += 1;
+    if (chunk.frames > STAND_IN_MAX_FRAMES) return true;
+    try {
+      return (
+        display.getBoundingSphere(chunk.entity, false, scratchSphere) ===
+        Cesium.BoundingSphereState.DONE
+      );
+    } catch {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Drop stand-ins whose static geometry is in; stop listening when none are left. */
+  function resolveStandIns() {
+    if (!usable()) return;
+    let changed = false;
+    for (const chunk of frozen) {
+      if (chunk.standIn && staticReady(chunk)) {
+        chunk.standIn = false;
+        changed = true;
+      }
+    }
+    if (changed) syncDynamic();
+    if (!frozen.some((chunk) => chunk.standIn)) stopListening();
+  }
+
+  function stopListening() {
+    if (removeReadyListener) removeReadyListener();
+    removeReadyListener = null;
+  }
+
+  function listenForStandIns() {
+    if (removeReadyListener) return;
+    const event = viewer.scene?.postRender;
+    if (typeof event?.addEventListener !== 'function') {
+      resolveStandIns();
+      return;
+    }
+    removeReadyListener = event.addEventListener(resolveStandIns);
+  }
+
+  /** Drop consecutive near-duplicates: zero-length segments add nothing. */
+  function dedupe(cartesians) {
+    const positions = [];
+    for (const position of Array.isArray(cartesians) ? cartesians : []) {
+      if (!position) continue;
+      const last = positions[positions.length - 1];
+      if (
+        last &&
+        Cesium.Cartesian3.distanceSquared(last, position) <
+          MIN_SEGMENT_DISTANCE_SQ
+      )
+        continue;
+      positions.push(position);
+    }
+    return positions;
+  }
+
+  /** Whether `chunk` holds exactly the same position objects as `seg` from `start`. */
+  function sameRun(chunk, seg, start) {
+    const positions = chunk.positions;
+    if (start + positions.length > seg.length) return false;
+    for (let k = 0; k < positions.length; k++)
+      if (positions[k] !== seg[start + k]) return false;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cut segments into chunks, reusing every frozen chunk whose points are
+   * still drawn in the same order. New chunks end where a reusable one begins,
+   * so dropping the oldest point rebuilds only the first chunk.
+   */
+  function reconcile(segments) {
+    const byStart = new Map();
+    for (const chunk of frozen) byStart.set(chunk.positions[0], chunk);
+    const kept = new Set();
+    const reusable = (seg, j) => {
+      const chunk = byStart.get(seg[j]);
+      return chunk && !kept.has(chunk) && sameRun(chunk, seg, j) ? chunk : null;
+    };
+    const next = [];
+    let nextTail = NO_POSITIONS;
+    segments.forEach((seg, s) => {
+      const newest = s === segments.length - 1;
+      let i = 0;
+      while (i < seg.length - 1) {
+        const existing = reusable(seg, i);
+        if (existing) {
+          kept.add(existing);
+          next.push(existing);
+          i += existing.positions.length - 1;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (newest && seg.length - i <= CHUNK_POINTS) {
+          nextTail = seg.slice(i);
+          break;
+        }
+        let end = Math.min(seg.length - 1, i + CHUNK_POINTS - 1);
+        for (let j = i + 1; j < end; j++) {
+          if (reusable(seg, j)) {
+            end = j;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        const positions = seg.slice(i, end + 1);
+        next.push({
+          positions,
+          entity: addEntity(positions),
+          standIn: true,
+          frames: 0,
+        });
+        i = end;
+      }
+    });
+    for (const chunk of frozen)
+      if (!kept.has(chunk)) removeEntity(chunk.entity);
+    frozen = next;
+    tail = nextTail;
+    syncDynamic();
+    if (frozen.some((chunk) => chunk.standIn)) listenForStandIns();
+    else stopListening();
+  }
+
+  function release() {
+    stopListening();
+    for (const chunk of frozen) removeEntity(chunk.entity);
+    frozen = [];
+    tail = NO_POSITIONS;
+    dynamicRuns = [];
+  }
+
   return {
     /**
-     * Replace the trail geometry with a chronological position list
+     * Replace the trail geometry with one chronological position list
      * (oldest first). Fewer than 2 distinct positions clears the trail.
      * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3[]} cartesians - Positions, oldest -> newest.
      */
     setPositions(cartesians) {
-      if (destroyed || !viewer || viewer.isDestroyed()) return;
-      // Drop consecutive near-duplicates: zero-length segments add nothing.
-      const positions = [];
-      for (const position of Array.isArray(cartesians) ? cartesians : []) {
-        if (!position) continue;
-        const last = positions[positions.length - 1];
-        if (
-          last &&
-          Cesium.Cartesian3.distanceSquared(last, position) <
-            MIN_SEGMENT_DISTANCE_SQ
-        )
-          continue;
-        positions.push(position);
-      }
-      current = positions.length >= 2 ? positions : [];
-      ensureEntity();
+      this.setSegments([cartesians]);
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Replace the trail geometry with chronological segments (oldest first).
+     * Nothing is drawn between segments. A segment with fewer than 2 distinct
+     * positions draws nothing. Pass the same position objects on every
+     * update: a chunk whose points are unchanged is never rebuilt.
+     * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3[][]} list - Segments, each oldest -> newest.
+     */
+    setSegments(list) {
+      if (!usable()) return;
+      reconcile(
+        (Array.isArray(list) ? list : [])
+          .map(dedupe)
+          .filter((positions) => positions.length >= 2),
+      );
     },
 
     /** Temporarily hide/show the trail without discarding accumulated history. */
     setVisible(nextVisible) {
       visible = nextVisible !== false;
-      if (entity) entity.show = visible;
+      for (const entity of dynamicEntities) entity.show = visible;
+      for (const chunk of frozen) chunk.entity.show = visible;
     },
 
-    /** Empty the trail without removing the entity (cheap re-arm). */
+    /** Empty the trail and release its frozen geometry; dynamic polylines stay for re-arm. */
     clear() {
-      current = [];
+      if (!usable()) return;
+      release();
     },
 
-    /** Remove the trail entity permanently (layer disable/teardown). */
+    /** Remove every trail entity permanently (layer disable/teardown). */
     destroy() {
-      destroyed = true;
-      current = [];
-      if (entity && viewer && !viewer.isDestroyed()) {
-        try {
-          viewer.entities.remove(entity);
-        } catch {
-          /* torn down */
-        }
+      if (usable()) {
+        release();
+        for (const entity of dynamicEntities) removeEntity(entity);
       }
-      entity = null;
+      destroyed = true;
+      frozen = [];
+      tail = NO_POSITIONS;
+      dynamicRuns = [];
+      dynamicEntities.length = 0;
+      stopListening();
+    },
+
+    /** Test seam: frozen chunks (positions, stand-in state) and the dynamic runs. */
+    _chunksForTest() {
+      return {
+        frozen: frozen.map((chunk) => ({
+          positions: chunk.positions,
+          standIn: chunk.standIn,
+          entity: chunk.entity,
+        })),
+        dynamic: dynamicRuns.slice(),
+      };
     },
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/data/trailRenderer.test.mjs b/src/data/trailRenderer.test.mjs
index 83ac45cd0..bcf256db4 100644
--- a/src/data/trailRenderer.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/trailRenderer.test.mjs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
-import { createTrail } from './trailRenderer.js';
+import { CHUNK_POINTS, createTrail } from './trailRenderer.js';
 
 test('trail visibility can change without discarding its accumulated geometry', () => {
   const added = [];
@@ -37,3 +37,253 @@ test('trail visibility can change without discarding its accumulated geometry',
   trail.destroy();
   assert.deepEqual(removed, [added[0]]);
 });
+
+/**
+ * A fake viewer. `ready` holds the frozen-chunk entities whose static
+ * geometry is in the scene; `frame()` runs one post-render pass.
+ */
+function fakeViewer({ scene = true } = {}) {
+  const added = [];
+  const removed = [];
+  const ready = new Set();
+  let listeners = [];
+  const viewer = {
+    added,
+    removed,
+    ready,
+    isDestroyed: () => false,
+    entities: {
+      add(definition) {
+        added.push(definition);
+        return definition;
+      },
+      remove(entity) {
+        removed.push(entity);
+      },
+    },
+    listenerCount: () => listeners.length,
+    frame() {
+      for (const listener of listeners.slice()) listener();
+    },
+  };
+  if (scene) {
+    viewer.scene = {
+      postRender: {
+        addEventListener(listener) {
+          listeners.push(listener);
+          return () => {
+            listeners = listeners.filter((l) => l !== listener);
+          };
+        },
+      },
+    };
+    viewer.dataSourceDisplay = {
+      getBoundingSphere: (entity) =>
+        ready.has(entity)
+          ? Cesium.BoundingSphereState.DONE
+          : Cesium.BoundingSphereState.PENDING,
+    };
+  }
+  return viewer;
+}
+
+const valueOf = (positions) =>
+  typeof positions?.getValue === 'function' ? positions.getValue() : positions;
+
+/** Every line the scene can draw now: live entities with two or more points. */
+function drawnRuns(viewer) {
+  return viewer.added
+    .filter((entity) => !viewer.removed.includes(entity))
+    .map((entity) => valueOf(entity.polyline.positions))
+    .filter((positions) => positions.length >= 2);
+}
+
+/** Distinct position objects across all drawn lines. */
+function drawnPoints(viewer) {
+  return new Set(drawnRuns(viewer).flat());
+}
+
+function line(count, offset = 0) {
+  return Array.from(
+    { length: count },
+    (_, i) => new Cesium.Cartesian3(6_378_137 + offset, i * 1000, 0),
+  );
+}
+
+test('a trail with breaks draws each segment and nothing between them', () => {
+  const viewer = fakeViewer({ scene: false });
+  const trail = createTrail(viewer, { color: '#ffffff' });
+  const first = line(2, 0);
+  const lone = line(1, 50_000);
+  const second = line(3, 100_000);
+
+  trail.setSegments([first, lone, second]);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    drawnRuns(viewer).sort((a, b) => a[0].x - b[0].x),
+    [first, second],
+  );
+  for (const entity of viewer.added) {
+    assert.match(String(entity.id), /^gev-trail:/);
+    assert.equal(entity.polyline.width, 2.5);
+  }
+
+  // The first segment is gone later: its geometry is released.
+  trail.setSegments([second]);
+  assert.deepEqual(drawnRuns(viewer), [second]);
+
+  trail.setVisible(false);
+  assert.ok(
+    viewer.added
+      .filter((entity) => !viewer.removed.includes(entity))
+      .every((entity) => entity.show === false),
+  );
+  trail.destroy();
+  assert.equal(new Set(viewer.removed).size, viewer.added.length);
+});
+
+test('chunks share their boundary points and only the newest chunk is dynamic', () => {
+  const viewer = fakeViewer({ scene: false });
+  const trail = createTrail(viewer, { color: '#ffffff' });
+  const points = line(300);
+  trail.setPositions(points);
+  const { frozen, dynamic } = trail._chunksForTest();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    frozen.map((chunk) => chunk.positions.length),
+    [CHUNK_POINTS, CHUNK_POINTS],
+  );
+  assert.equal(frozen[0].positions.at(-1), frozen[1].positions[0]);
+  assert.equal(dynamic.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(frozen[1].positions.at(-1), dynamic[0][0]);
+  assert.equal(dynamic[0].at(-1), points.at(-1));
+  assert.equal(drawnPoints(viewer).size, points.length);
+  // A frozen chunk is constant geometry, not a per-frame callback.
+  for (const chunk of frozen)
+    assert.ok(Array.isArray(chunk.entity.polyline.positions));
+});
+
+test('freezing a chunk keeps every point drawn, and the dynamic copy goes only once the static geometry is in', () => {
+  const viewer = fakeViewer();
+  const trail = createTrail(viewer, { color: '#ffffff' });
+  const points = line(CHUNK_POINTS + 20);
+  for (let n = 2; n <= points.length; n++) {
+    trail.setPositions(points.slice(0, n));
+    assert.equal(drawnPoints(viewer).size, n, `points drawn at ${n}`);
+  }
+  const { frozen } = trail._chunksForTest();
+  assert.equal(frozen.length, 1);
+  // Not in the scene yet: the chunk is still drawn by a dynamic polyline.
+  viewer.frame();
+  assert.equal(trail._chunksForTest().frozen[0].standIn, true);
+  assert.ok(
+    trail._chunksForTest().dynamic.includes(frozen[0].positions),
+    'the dynamic copy stays until the static geometry is ready',
+  );
+  viewer.ready.add(frozen[0].entity);
+  viewer.frame();
+  const after = trail._chunksForTest();
+  assert.equal(after.frozen[0].standIn, false);
+  assert.ok(!after.dynamic.includes(frozen[0].positions));
+  assert.equal(after.dynamic.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(viewer.listenerCount(), 0, 'no listener once nothing waits');
+  // The frozen entity is the same object: freezing built it once.
+  assert.equal(after.frozen[0].entity, frozen[0].entity);
+});
+
+test('a hidden trail keeps its dynamic copy until it is shown and the static geometry is in', () => {
+  const viewer = fakeViewer();
+  const trail = createTrail(viewer, { color: '#ffffff' });
+  trail.setVisible(false);
+  trail.setPositions(line(CHUNK_POINTS + 5));
+  const [chunk] = trail._chunksForTest().frozen;
+  viewer.ready.add(chunk.entity);
+  viewer.frame();
+  assert.equal(trail._chunksForTest().frozen[0].standIn, true);
+  trail.setVisible(true);
+  viewer.frame();
+  assert.equal(trail._chunksForTest().frozen[0].standIn, false);
+});
+
+test('dropping the oldest point rebuilds only the first chunk', () => {
+  const viewer = fakeViewer({ scene: false });
+  const trail = createTrail(viewer, { color: '#ffffff' });
+  const points = line(400);
+  trail.setPositions(points);
+  const before = trail._chunksForTest().frozen;
+  trail.setPositions(points.slice(1));
+  const after = trail._chunksForTest().frozen;
+  assert.equal(after.length, before.length);
+  assert.notEqual(after[0].entity, before[0].entity);
+  assert.ok(viewer.removed.includes(before[0].entity));
+  for (let k = 1; k < before.length; k++)
+    assert.equal(after[k].entity, before[k].entity);
+  assert.equal(after[0].positions.at(-1), after[1].positions[0]);
+  assert.equal(drawnPoints(viewer).size, 399);
+});
+
+test('a backfill prepended ahead of frozen chunks keeps them and joins at a shared point', () => {
+  const viewer = fakeViewer({ scene: false });
+  const trail = createTrail(viewer, { color: '#ffffff' });
+  const live = line(300, 0);
+  trail.setPositions(live);
+  const before = trail._chunksForTest().frozen;
+  // History older than every live point, joined as one path.
+  const history = Array.from(
+    { length: 200 },
+    (_, i) => new Cesium.Cartesian3(6_378_137, -(200 - i) * 1000, 0),
+  );
+  trail.setPositions(history.concat(live));
+  const after = trail._chunksForTest().frozen;
+  for (const chunk of before)
+    assert.ok(after.some((c) => c.entity === chunk.entity));
+  for (let k = 0; k + 1 < after.length; k++)
+    assert.equal(after[k].positions.at(-1), after[k + 1].positions[0]);
+  assert.equal(drawnPoints(viewer).size, 500);
+
+  // A backfill that breaks from the live trail is its own segment.
+  trail.setSegments([history, live]);
+  assert.equal(drawnPoints(viewer).size, 500);
+  const runs = drawnRuns(viewer);
+  assert.ok(
+    !runs.some((run) => run.includes(history.at(-1)) && run.includes(live[0])),
+    'no line across the break',
+  );
+});
+
+test('clearing and re-tracking release every frozen chunk', () => {
+  const viewer = fakeViewer();
+  const trail = createTrail(viewer, { color: '#ffffff' });
+  trail.setPositions(line(600));
+  const frozen = trail._chunksForTest().frozen.map((chunk) => chunk.entity);
+  assert.ok(frozen.length >= 4);
+  assert.equal(viewer.listenerCount(), 1);
+  trail.clear();
+  for (const entity of frozen) assert.ok(viewer.removed.includes(entity));
+  assert.equal(viewer.listenerCount(), 0);
+  assert.equal(drawnRuns(viewer).length, 0);
+
+  // Another aircraft: nothing of the first one survives.
+  const other = line(200, 900_000);
+  trail.setPositions(other);
+  assert.equal(drawnPoints(viewer).size, 200);
+  trail.destroy();
+  assert.equal(new Set(viewer.removed).size, viewer.added.length);
+  assert.equal(viewer.listenerCount(), 0);
+});
+
+test('replacing the newest point and removing points inside the trail draws exactly the new trail', () => {
+  const viewer = fakeViewer({ scene: false });
+  const trail = createTrail(viewer, { color: '#ffffff' });
+  const points = line(400);
+  trail.setPositions(points.slice());
+  // A recorded point replaces the newest one; a spur point inside a frozen
+  // chunk and one at a chunk boundary go.
+  points[points.length - 1] = new Cesium.Cartesian3(6_378_137, 399_500, 10);
+  points.splice(200, 1);
+  points.splice(CHUNK_POINTS - 1, 1);
+  trail.setPositions(points.slice());
+  assert.deepEqual(drawnPoints(viewer), new Set(points));
+  // Every drawn line runs through consecutive trail points only.
+  const next = new Map(points.slice(0, -1).map((p, i) => [p, points[i + 1]]));
+  for (const run of drawnRuns(viewer))
+    for (let i = 1; i < run.length; i++) assert.equal(next.get(run[i - 1]), run[i]);
+});
diff --git a/src/data/trailReports.test.mjs b/src/data/trailReports.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..106c6f25a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/trailReports.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import {
+  insertTrailFix,
+  recordTrailPoint,
+  trailBodySegments,
+  trailPairBreaks,
+  trailDistanceM,
+  trailRecordingBlocked,
+} from './trailContinuity.js';
+
+// Reports decide where the line may run: recorded points never join two
+// reports too far apart to be one flight, a report the display has already
+// passed replaces the guess drawn after it, and old entries let go of the
+// positions they stood for.
+
+const SEC = 1000;
+const LIMIT = 2_000;
+const enu = Cesium.Transforms.eastNorthUpToFixedFrame(
+  Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-100, 40, 0),
+);
+const at = (e, n, u = 10) =>
+  Cesium.Matrix4.multiplyByPoint(
+    enu,
+    new Cesium.Cartesian3(e, n, u),
+    new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+  );
+
+/** No two neighbours in one drawn segment are too far apart to be one flight. */
+function assertNoBrokenJoin(fixes) {
+  const reports = fixes.filter((fix) => !fix.drawn && fix.position);
+  for (const segment of trailBodySegments(fixes, fixes.length)) {
+    const inSegment = reports.filter((r) =>
+      segment.some((p) => Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(p, r.position) < 0.01),
+    );
+    for (let i = 1; i < inSegment.length; i++)
+      assert.equal(
+        trailPairBreaks(
+          inSegment[i].timeMs - inSegment[i - 1].timeMs,
+          trailDistanceM(inSegment[i - 1].position, inSegment[i].position),
+        ),
+        false,
+        `one segment joins reports at ${inSegment[i - 1].timeMs / SEC} s and ${
+          inSegment[i].timeMs / SEC
+        } s`,
+      );
+  }
+}
+
+test('two reports 60 s and 51 km apart are not joined, even by recorded points', () => {
+  const A = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-100, 40, 9_000);
+  const B = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-99.4, 40, 9_000);
+  const fixes = [];
+  insertTrailFix(fixes, A, 0, LIMIT);
+  insertTrailFix(fixes, B, 60 * SEC, LIMIT); // ahead of the display
+  for (let t = 1; t < 60; t++) {
+    // Nothing is recorded across the pair.
+    assert.equal(trailRecordingBlocked(fixes, t * SEC), true);
+  }
+  assert.equal(trailBodySegments(fixes, fixes.length).length, 2);
+  // Points recorded before the far report was known are dropped.
+  const late = [];
+  insertTrailFix(late, A, 0, LIMIT);
+  for (let t = 1; t < 60; t++)
+    recordTrailPoint(
+      late,
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.lerp(A, B, t / 60, new Cesium.Cartesian3()),
+      t * SEC,
+      LIMIT,
+    );
+  insertTrailFix(late, B, 60 * SEC, LIMIT);
+  assert.equal(late.filter((fix) => fix.drawn).length, 0);
+  assert.equal(trailBodySegments(late, late.length).length, 2);
+  assertNoBrokenJoin(late);
+});
+
+test('a coast, a hold and then a far report: nothing is drawn across', () => {
+  const A = at(0, 0, 9_000);
+  const fixes = [];
+  insertTrailFix(fixes, A, 0, LIMIT);
+  // The icon coasts east for 90 s at 230 m/s, then holds.
+  for (let t = 1; t <= 200; t++)
+    recordTrailPoint(
+      fixes,
+      at(230 * Math.min(t, 90), 0, 9_000),
+      t * SEC,
+      LIMIT,
+    );
+  assert.ok(fixes.filter((fix) => fix.drawn).length > 0);
+  // The next report is 150 km away two minutes later: over 1,500 kt.
+  const B = at(0, 150_000, 9_000);
+  insertTrailFix(fixes, B, 120 * SEC, LIMIT);
+  assertNoBrokenJoin(fixes);
+  const segments = trailBodySegments(fixes, fixes.length);
+  const segmentOf = (p) =>
+    segments.findIndex((s) =>
+      s.some((q) => Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(p, q) < 0.01),
+    );
+  assert.notEqual(segmentOf(A), segmentOf(B));
+  // No recorded point between the two reports remains.
+  assert.equal(
+    fixes.filter((fix) => fix.drawn && fix.timeMs < 120 * SEC).length,
+    0,
+  );
+});
+
+for (const off of [200, 400, 600, 1_000]) {
+  test(`a report the display already passed, ${off} m off a 2 km turn, leaves no spike`, () => {
+    const R = 2_000;
+    const w = 100 / R;
+    const pos = (t, r = R) =>
+      at(r * Math.sin(w * t), R - r * Math.cos(w * t), 3_000);
+    const fixes = [];
+    insertTrailFix(fixes, pos(0), 0, LIMIT);
+    for (let t = 1; t <= 60; t++)
+      recordTrailPoint(fixes, pos(t), t * SEC, LIMIT);
+    const report = pos(50, R - off);
+    // It arrives with the display at 60 s; the ease takes 900 ms.
+    insertTrailFix(fixes, report, 50 * SEC, LIMIT, {
+      displayMs: 60 * SEC,
+      settleMs: 900,
+    });
+    // The guess drawn after the report is gone...
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      fixes.filter((fix) => fix.drawn && fix.timeMs > 50 * SEC),
+      [],
+    );
+    // ...nothing is recorded while the icon eases onto the correction...
+    assert.equal(trailRecordingBlocked(fixes, 60.5 * SEC), true);
+    assert.equal(trailRecordingBlocked(fixes, 61 * SEC), false);
+    // ...and the line reads arc, report, corrected path.
+    for (let t = 61; t <= 70; t++)
+      recordTrailPoint(fixes, pos(t, R - off), t * SEC, LIMIT);
+    const line = trailBodySegments(fixes, fixes.length).flat();
+    const r = line.findIndex(
+      (p) => Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(p, report) < 0.01,
+    );
+    assert.ok(r > 0);
+    for (const p of line.slice(0, r))
+      assert.ok(
+        Math.abs(Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(p, at(0, R, 3_000)) - R) < 31,
+        'a point before the report is off the arc',
+      );
+    for (const p of line.slice(r + 1))
+      assert.ok(
+        Math.abs(Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(p, at(0, R, 3_000)) - (R - off)) <
+          31,
+        'a point after the report is off the corrected path',
+      );
+  });
+}
+
+test('entries behind the report before the display let go of the positions they stood for', () => {
+  const fixes = [];
+  for (let s = 0; s <= 2 * 3_600; s++) {
+    const p = at(230 * s, 0, 10_000);
+    if (s % 15 === 0) insertTrailFix(fixes, p, s * SEC, LIMIT);
+    else recordTrailPoint(fixes, p, s * SEC, LIMIT);
+  }
+  let held = 0;
+  for (const fix of fixes) held += fix.absorbed?.length ?? 0;
+  // Only the newest stretch, up to two reports back, keeps what it stood for.
+  assert.ok(held <= 30, `${held} positions still held`);
+});
diff --git a/src/data/trailThinning.test.mjs b/src/data/trailThinning.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df0785559
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/trailThinning.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import {
+  insertTrailFix,
+  joinTrailBackfill,
+  recordTrailPoint,
+  TRAIL_THIN_MAX_SPAN_M,
+  TRAIL_THIN_TOLERANCE_M,
+} from './trailContinuity.js';
+
+// Recorded points are thinned by shape: a point stays only where the line
+// would move without it. Reports always stay.
+
+const SEC = 1000;
+const LIMIT = 2_000;
+const LAT0 = 40;
+const LON0 = -100;
+const M_PER_DEG_LAT = 111_320;
+const mPerDegLon = (lat) => M_PER_DEG_LAT * Math.cos((lat * Math.PI) / 180);
+
+/** Straight and level east at `speed` m/s, `tSec` after the start. */
+const eastbound = (speed, tSec, heightM = 10_000) =>
+  Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+    LON0 + (speed * tSec) / mPerDegLon(LAT0),
+    LAT0,
+    heightM,
+  );
+
+/** A standard-rate (3°/s) left turn from north, radius v / ω, `tSec` in. */
+function turning(speed, tSec, heightM = 10_000) {
+  const omega = (3 * Math.PI) / 180;
+  const radius = speed / omega;
+  // Centre west of the start; heading north, turning left (towards west).
+  const angle = omega * tSec;
+  const east = -radius + radius * Math.cos(angle);
+  const north = radius * Math.sin(angle);
+  return Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+    LON0 + east / mPerDegLon(LAT0),
+    LAT0 + north / M_PER_DEG_LAT,
+    heightM,
+  );
+}
+
+/** Distance from p to the nearest point of a polyline. */
+function distanceToPath(p, path) {
+  let best = Infinity;
+  const ab = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+  const ap = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+  const closest = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+  for (let i = 1; i < path.length; i++) {
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(path[i], path[i - 1], ab);
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(p, path[i - 1], ap);
+    const len2 = Cesium.Cartesian3.magnitudeSquared(ab);
+    const t =
+      len2 > 0
+        ? Math.max(0, Math.min(1, Cesium.Cartesian3.dot(ap, ab) / len2))
+        : 0;
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.add(
+      path[i - 1],
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(ab, t, closest),
+      closest,
+    );
+    best = Math.min(best, Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(p, closest));
+  }
+  return best;
+}
+
+const drawnCount = (fixes) => fixes.filter((fix) => fix.drawn).length;
+
+test('one hour straight and level with a report every 15 s adds under 60 recorded points', () => {
+  const speed = 230;
+  const fixes = [];
+  for (const t of [0, 15, 30])
+    insertTrailFix(fixes, eastbound(speed, t), t * SEC, LIMIT);
+  // Live order: a report arrives 30 s before the display reaches it, and the
+  // drawn icon is recorded once a second.
+  for (let t = 1; t <= 3_600; t++) {
+    const reportAt = t + 30;
+    if (reportAt % 15 === 0 && reportAt <= 3_600)
+      insertTrailFix(fixes, eastbound(speed, reportAt), reportAt * SEC, LIMIT);
+    recordTrailPoint(fixes, eastbound(speed, t), t * SEC, LIMIT);
+  }
+  assert.ok(
+    drawnCount(fixes) < 60,
+    `${drawnCount(fixes)} recorded points kept`,
+  );
+  assert.equal(fixes.filter((fix) => !fix.drawn).length, 241);
+});
+
+test('with no report at all, a straight leg keeps one point per 10 km and no more', () => {
+  const speed = 230;
+  const fixes = [];
+  insertTrailFix(fixes, eastbound(speed, 0), 0, LIMIT);
+  for (let t = 1; t <= 3_600; t++)
+    recordTrailPoint(fixes, eastbound(speed, t), t * SEC, LIMIT);
+  const legKm = (speed * 3_600) / 1_000;
+  assert.equal(TRAIL_THIN_MAX_SPAN_M, 10_000);
+  assert.ok(
+    drawnCount(fixes) <= Math.ceil(legKm / 10) + 1,
+    `${drawnCount(fixes)} points over ${legKm} km`,
+  );
+  for (let i = 1; i < fixes.length; i++)
+    assert.ok(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(fixes[i - 1].position, fixes[i].position) <=
+        TRAIL_THIN_MAX_SPAN_M + speed,
+    );
+});
+
+test('a standard-rate 180° turn keeps its curve: every recorded position stays within 30 m of the kept line', () => {
+  const speed = 230;
+  const fixes = [];
+  const recorded = [];
+  insertTrailFix(fixes, turning(speed, 0), 0, LIMIT);
+  for (let t = 1; t <= 60; t++) {
+    const position = turning(speed, t);
+    recorded.push(position);
+    recordTrailPoint(fixes, position, t * SEC, LIMIT);
+  }
+  const line = fixes.map((fix) => fix.position);
+  assert.equal(TRAIL_THIN_TOLERANCE_M, 30);
+  for (const position of recorded) {
+    const off = distanceToPath(position, line);
+    assert.ok(off <= TRAIL_THIN_TOLERANCE_M + 1, `${off.toFixed(1)} m off`);
+  }
+  assert.ok(drawnCount(fixes) < recorded.length, 'nothing was thinned');
+  assert.ok(drawnCount(fixes) >= 6, 'the curve was flattened');
+});
+
+test('a climb off the straight line keeps its vertices', () => {
+  const fixes = [];
+  insertTrailFix(fixes, eastbound(200, 0, 1_000), 0, LIMIT);
+  // 30 s level, then a 60 s climb of 20 m/s, then level again.
+  const height = (t) => 1_000 + 20 * Math.min(60, Math.max(0, t - 30));
+  const recorded = [];
+  for (let t = 1; t <= 150; t++) {
+    const position = eastbound(200, t, height(t));
+    recorded.push(position);
+    recordTrailPoint(fixes, position, t * SEC, LIMIT);
+  }
+  const line = fixes.map((fix) => fix.position);
+  for (const position of recorded)
+    assert.ok(distanceToPath(position, line) <= TRAIL_THIN_TOLERANCE_M + 1);
+});
+
+test('at the limit, old recorded points go before any report from the backfill', () => {
+  const max = 300;
+  const backfill = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+    backfill.push({
+      position: eastbound(200, i * 60 - 20_000),
+      timeMs: (i * 60 - 20_000) * SEC,
+      nullAltitude: false,
+    });
+  let fixes = [];
+  insertTrailFix(fixes, turning(150, 0), 0, max);
+  // A long series of turns keeps many recorded points.
+  for (let t = 1; t <= 2_000; t++)
+    recordTrailPoint(fixes, turning(150, t), t * SEC, max);
+  assert.ok(drawnCount(fixes) > 150);
+  fixes = joinTrailBackfill(
+    {
+      fixes: backfill.map((b) => ({ ...b, breakBefore: false })),
+      breakAfter: false,
+    },
+    fixes,
+    max,
+  );
+  assert.ok(fixes.length <= max);
+  const reports = fixes.filter((fix) => !fix.drawn);
+  assert.equal(reports.length, 101, 'a report was dropped');
+  // More recording at the limit drops recorded points, never reports.
+  for (let t = 2_001; t <= 2_400; t++)
+    recordTrailPoint(fixes, turning(150, t), t * SEC, max);
+  assert.ok(fixes.length <= max);
+  assert.equal(fixes.filter((fix) => !fix.drawn).length, 101);
+  // The recorded points that remain are the newest.
+  const drawnTimes = fixes.filter((fix) => fix.drawn).map((fix) => fix.timeMs);
+  assert.ok(Math.min(...drawnTimes) > 1_000 * SEC);
+});
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index 20315a871..4445dd12b 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -615,6 +615,7 @@
   "LOADING": "جارٍ التحميل",
   "DEGRADED": "متدهور",
   "STALE": "متقادم",
+  "SIGNAL LOST · {time}": "انقطعت الإشارة · {time}",
   "FALLBACK": "بديل",
   "PARTIAL": "جزئي",
   "UNCERTAIN": "غير مؤكد",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index d4fbdf244..f85338ce9 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
   "LOADING": "LÄDT",
   "DEGRADED": "EINGESCHRÄNKT",
   "STALE": "VERALTET",
+  "SIGNAL LOST · {time}": "SIGNAL VERLOREN · {time}",
   "PARTIAL": "TEILWEISE",
   "FALLBACK": "FALLBACK",
   "SUMMARY": "ÜBERSICHT",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index e5d4d0689..cae5cb9f2 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -500,6 +500,7 @@
   "LOADING": "CARGANDO",
   "DEGRADED": "DEGRADADO",
   "STALE": "DESACTUALIZADO",
+  "SIGNAL LOST · {time}": "SEÑAL PERDIDA · {time}",
   "FALLBACK": "RESPALDO",
   "PARTIAL": "PARCIAL",
   "UNCERTAIN": "INCIERTO",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index b3857c8a6..468abca63 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -329,6 +329,7 @@
   "LOADING": "CHARGEMENT",
   "DEGRADED": "DÉGRADÉ",
   "STALE": "OBSOLÈTE",
+  "SIGNAL LOST · {time}": "SIGNAL PERDU · {time}",
   "PARTIAL": "PARTIEL",
   "FALLBACK": "SECOURS",
   "view band|STREET": "RUE",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/he.json b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
index 2960c4912..a4e0408dd 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/he.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
@@ -328,6 +328,7 @@
   "LOADING": "טוען",
   "DEGRADED": "מופחת",
   "STALE": "מיושן",
+  "SIGNAL LOST · {time}": "האות אבד · {time}",
   "PARTIAL": "חלקי",
   "FALLBACK": "חלופה",
   "view band|STREET": "רחוב",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index 227296b93..72cd1d3d7 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -329,6 +329,7 @@
   "LOADING": "CARICAMENTO",
   "DEGRADED": "DEGRADATO",
   "STALE": "OBSOLETO",
+  "SIGNAL LOST · {time}": "SEGNALE PERSO · {time}",
   "PARTIAL": "PARZIALE",
   "FALLBACK": "RISERVA",
   "view band|STREET": "STRADA",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index 650869d13..6b1adab73 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -323,6 +323,7 @@
   "LOADING": "読込中",
   "DEGRADED": "性能低下",
   "STALE": "更新遅延",
+  "SIGNAL LOST · {time}": "信号途絶 · {time}",
   "PARTIAL": "部分的",
   "FALLBACK": "フォールバック",
   "view band|STREET": "街路",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index 8545f38e8..1c44dcaef 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -329,6 +329,7 @@
   "LOADING": "CARREGANDO",
   "DEGRADED": "DEGRADADO",
   "STALE": "DESATUALIZADO",
+  "SIGNAL LOST · {time}": "SINAL PERDIDO · {time}",
   "PARTIAL": "PARCIAL",
   "FALLBACK": "ALTERNATIVO",
   "view band|STREET": "RUA",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index 4b3d2c9f5..1bbef50be 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@
   "{count}h ago": "{count} ч назад",
   "STALE · cached {age}": "УСТАРЕЛ · кэш {age}",
   "STALE": "УСТАРЕЛ",
+  "SIGNAL LOST · {time}": "СИГНАЛ ПОТЕРЯН · {time}",
   "refreshing...": "обновление...",
   "loading...": "загрузка...",
   "KEY REQUIRED": "ТРЕБУЕТСЯ КЛЮЧ",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index e5a26fd14..6cc56bcf5 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -332,6 +332,7 @@
   "LOADING": "ЗАВАНТАЖЕННЯ",
   "DEGRADED": "ПЕРЕБОЇ",
   "STALE": "ЗАСТАРІЛО",
+  "SIGNAL LOST · {time}": "СИГНАЛ ВТРАЧЕНО · {time}",
   "PARTIAL": "ЧАСТКОВО",
   "FALLBACK": "РЕЗЕРВ",
   "view band|STREET": "ВУЛИЦЯ",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index 707891bc2..247c9e782 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -323,6 +323,7 @@
   "LOADING": "加载中",
   "DEGRADED": "降级",
   "STALE": "过期",
+  "SIGNAL LOST · {time}": "信号丢失 · {time}",
   "PARTIAL": "部分",
   "FALLBACK": "备用",
   "view band|STREET": "街道",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index 5deb177ed..a98f994b8 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -323,6 +323,7 @@
   "LOADING": "加載中",
   "DEGRADED": "降級",
   "STALE": "過期",
+  "SIGNAL LOST · {time}": "訊號遺失 · {time}",
   "PARTIAL": "部分",
   "FALLBACK": "備用",
   "view band|STREET": "街道",
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/motion.js b/src/layers/flights/motion.js
index c09522153..ecfb26d7f 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/motion.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/motion.js
@@ -5,11 +5,15 @@ import {
   lerpAngleDeg,
   speedRamp,
   courseBetweenCartesians,
+  floorCoastedPosition,
   staleCoastLimitSeconds,
+  staleCoastSecondsFrom,
+  staleHoldsForFix,
   arcOffsetEnu,
   courseSlewCapDps,
   limitCourseStep,
   corridorPathLatLon,
+  COAST_MAX_SPEED_MPS,
 } from '../../data/motionModel.js';
 import { CLASS_SCALE_2D } from '../../data/aircraftClass.js';
 import {
@@ -248,30 +252,88 @@ export function createMotion({
       );
     }
 
-    // Newest POSITION is older than renderTime. OpenSky can still be receiving
-    // fresh contact/kinematic messages for that aircraft; freezing at a hard
-    // 60 s-after-position boundary produced the visible stop → catch-up → stop
-    // cadence. Coast through the latest real contact plus a bounded grace
-    // window, with an absolute cap so a stale cached feed cannot drift forever.
+    // Newest POSITION is older than renderTime. Coast on the last speed and
+    // heading for five minutes past it, then stop, dimmed as SIGNAL LOST.
+    // A contact last heard on or near the ground holds there instead, and a
+    // coast never goes below the ground.
+    const { coastSec } = _coastPlan(newest, info, elapsedSec);
+    _extrapolateFix(
+      newest,
+      info,
+      coastSec,
+      out,
+      (info && info.turnRateDps) || 0,
+    );
+    return coastSec > 0 ? floorCoastedPosition(out, cachedGroundFloor) : out;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * How far a contact coasts past its newest fix at a display time
+   * `elapsedSec` after it: up to five minutes, or not at all for a contact
+   * that holds at a report on or near the ground. The hold decision is made once
+   * per report and kept on it.
+   * @param {{epochMs?: number, time: Cesium.JulianDate}} newest
+   * @param {object|undefined} info - The contact's record.
+   * @param {number} elapsedSec
+   * @returns {{coastSec: number, holds: boolean}}
+   */
+  function _coastPlan(newest, info, elapsedSec) {
     const coastLimitSec = staleCoastLimitSeconds({
       // `epochMs` is captured once when the poll is normalized. Avoid allocating
-      // a Date per aircraft on every 12 Hz fleet tick.
+      // a Date per aircraft on every fleet tick.
       fixEpochMs: Number.isFinite(newest.epochMs)
         ? newest.epochMs
         : Cesium.JulianDate.toDate(newest.time).getTime(),
       lastContactEpochMs: info?.lastContactEpochMs,
-      // Permit one minute of contact grace but cap any cached-feed drift at
-      // five minutes. Source backoff is exposed separately as a STALE cue.
-      minimumSec: 60,
+      // A plane that stops reporting keeps flying for five minutes, whatever
+      // its contact time, then stops dimmed as SIGNAL LOST. A missed update
+      // shows STALE throughout.
+      minimumSec: 300,
       maximumSec: 300,
     });
-    return _extrapolateFix(
+    const holds = staleHoldsForFix(newest, {
+      onGround: info?.onGround,
+      cachedGroundFloor,
+    });
+    return {
+      coastSec: staleCoastSecondsFrom({
+        newest,
+        elapsedSec,
+        coastLimitSec,
+        holds,
+      }),
+      holds,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Whether a contact has stopped where its coast ended (or held at its last
+   * report) with no newer report, and since when it has had none.
+   * @param {string} icao24
+   * @returns {{reportEpochMs: number, holds: boolean}|null} Null while a
+   *   report is ahead of the display time or the contact is still coasting.
+   */
+  function _signalLost(icao24) {
+    const newest = flightState._positionHistory.get(icao24)?.at(-1);
+    if (!newest) return null;
+    const newestMs = Number.isFinite(newest.epochMs)
+      ? newest.epochMs
+      : Cesium.JulianDate.toDate(newest.time).getTime();
+    const elapsedSec =
+      (flightState.now() - RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000 - newestMs) / 1000;
+    if (!(elapsedSec > 0)) return null;
+    const { coastSec, holds } = _coastPlan(
       newest,
-      info,
-      Math.min(elapsedSec, coastLimitSec),
-      out,
-      (info && info.turnRateDps) || 0,
+      flightState.records.data.get(icao24),
+      elapsedSec,
     );
+    if (!(elapsedSec > coastSec)) return null;
+    return {
+      reportEpochMs: Number.isFinite(newest.reportEpochMs)
+        ? newest.reportEpochMs
+        : newestMs,
+      holds,
+    };
   }
 
   /**
@@ -286,9 +348,12 @@ export function createMotion({
    */
 
   function _extrapolateFix(fix, info, dt, out, turnRateDps = 0) {
-    const speed = Number.isFinite(fix.velocity)
-      ? fix.velocity
-      : (info && info.velocity) || 0;
+    const speed = Math.min(
+      Number.isFinite(fix.velocity)
+        ? fix.velocity
+        : (info && info.velocity) || 0,
+      COAST_MAX_SPEED_MPS,
+    );
     const heading = Number.isFinite(fix.track)
       ? fix.track
       : (info && info.true_track) || 0;
@@ -1131,6 +1196,7 @@ export function createMotion({
   return {
     _refloorStaleGroundedContacts,
     _deadReckon,
+    _signalLost,
     _extrapolateFix,
     _isTrackWarmingUp,
     _trackedFocusSizePx,
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/policy.js b/src/layers/flights/policy.js
index de44b806a..2e450d6d5 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/policy.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/policy.js
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ export const TRAIL_COLOR = '#00d4ff';
 
 /** @constant {number} Combined cap on trail vertices (backfill + live accumulation). */
 
-export const TRAIL_MAX_POINTS = 400;
+export const TRAIL_MAX_POINTS = 2000;
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Render-behind smoothing (PRD WS-C C2 — approved product decision):
@@ -471,3 +471,6 @@ export const FLOOR_SEED_GRACE_MS = 90_000;
  *  reloads synchronously. */
 
 export const IR_RELOAD_BATCH = 40;
+
+/** Alpha of a contact that has missed an update or lost its signal: the stale fade, for the fleet and the tracked aircraft alike. */
+export const STALE_ALPHA = 0.45;
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/recordPolicy.js b/src/layers/flights/recordPolicy.js
index e269639d0..7ce36d302 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/recordPolicy.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/recordPolicy.js
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ export const LANDED_MISSING_POLL_LIMIT = 1;
 
 export const MISSING_POLL_LIMIT = 3;
 
+/** The tracked contact is kept this long after its newest fix: five minutes
+ *  coasting, then five stopped as SIGNAL LOST. */
+export const TRACKED_RETENTION_MS = 10 * 60_000;
+
 /** Cooldown in milliseconds after a transient source error. */
 export const ERROR_BACKOFF_INTERVAL = 20000;
 
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/records.js b/src/layers/flights/records.js
index fdd2d67c8..2636ed47a 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/records.js
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
   GROUND_FLOOR_WARM_MAX_ALT_M,
   LANDED_MISSING_POLL_LIMIT,
   MISSING_POLL_LIMIT,
+  TRACKED_RETENTION_MS,
 } from './recordPolicy.js';
 
 /** Source-independent aircraft metadata and bounded missing-poll retention. */
@@ -23,10 +24,45 @@ export class FlightRecords {
     };
     this.data = new Map();
     this.missingPolls = new Map();
+    // Contacts whose last poll re-sent a fix no newer than the one before.
+    this.fixRepeated = new Set();
+    this.lastSnapshotMs = null;
+    this.snapshotAdvanced = true;
     this.geoidNCache = new Map();
     this.geoidReady = false;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Start reading a snapshot taken at `observedAtMs`. A fix re-sent in a
+   * newer snapshot marks its contact as not updated; the same snapshot read
+   * again does not.
+   * @param {number} observedAtMs
+   */
+  beginSnapshot(observedAtMs) {
+    this.snapshotAdvanced =
+      !Number.isFinite(observedAtMs) ||
+      !Number.isFinite(this.lastSnapshotMs) ||
+      observedAtMs > this.lastSnapshotMs;
+    if (Number.isFinite(observedAtMs))
+      this.lastSnapshotMs = Math.max(
+        this.lastSnapshotMs ?? -Infinity,
+        observedAtMs,
+      );
+  }
+
+  /** Note a received fix: the newest fix time, and whether it advanced. */
+  _noteFix(id, prevMeta, fixEpochMs) {
+    const prevFixMs = prevMeta?.newestFixMs;
+    // A fix counts as new only when it moves on by a second: feeds that
+    // derive fix time from receipt (readsb `now − seen_pos`, 0.1 s) jitter.
+    if (!Number.isFinite(prevFixMs) || fixEpochMs >= prevFixMs + 1000) {
+      this.fixRepeated.delete(id);
+      return fixEpochMs;
+    }
+    if (this.snapshotAdvanced) this.fixRepeated.add(id);
+    return prevFixMs;
+  }
+
   receive(
     observation,
     { viewerLatDeg, viewerLonDeg, trackedId, floorWarmPoints },
@@ -158,6 +194,12 @@ export class FlightRecords {
     //   (2) otherwise the SAME default policy `alt` already uses, so the two
     //       never disagree on the genuine "no data yet" case (a never-reported
     //       aircraft has no prior render height, so it lands here unchanged).
+    // Neither altitude this poll nor a held render height: the height below
+    // is the airborne default, invented. The tracked trail keeps no point there.
+    const renderAltitudeInvented =
+      pickedAltM == null &&
+      !onGround &&
+      !Number.isFinite(prevMeta?.renderAltitudeM);
     let renderAltitudeM;
     if (pickedAltM != null) {
       renderAltitudeM = pickedAltM;
@@ -204,9 +246,15 @@ export class FlightRecords {
     const routeHeld =
       Boolean(prevMeta?.routeCallsign) &&
       prevMeta.routeCallsign === nextCallsign.toUpperCase();
+    const fixEpochMs =
+      Number.isFinite(observation.positionTimeMs) &&
+      observation.positionTimeMs > 0
+        ? observation.positionTimeMs
+        : Date.now();
     const meta = {
       sourceReference: observation.reference,
       observedReceiptMs: Date.now(),
+      newestFixMs: this._noteFix(icao24, prevMeta, fixEpochMs),
       callsign: nextCallsign,
       altitude: alt,
       // geoAltitudeM/renderAltitudeM are ADDITIVE fields alongside the
@@ -215,6 +263,7 @@ export class FlightRecords {
       // still read `altitude`/baro).
       geoAltitudeM,
       renderAltitudeM,
+      renderAltitudeInvented,
       onGround,
       // Round 7: sticky airborne history — the landed fast-cull only
       // applies to contacts that actually flew this session.
@@ -276,15 +325,25 @@ export class FlightRecords {
     };
     this.data.set(icao24, meta);
 
-    const fixEpochMs =
-      Number.isFinite(observation.positionTimeMs) &&
-      observation.positionTimeMs > 0
-        ? observation.positionTimeMs
-        : Date.now();
     return { icao24, prevMeta, meta, groundFlipped, fixEpochMs };
   }
 
-  absence(id, { complete, retainIds, likelyLanded }) {
+  absence(id, { complete, retainIds, likelyLanded, tracked = false }) {
+    const misses = (this.missingPolls.get(id) || 0) + 1;
+    // The tracked contact has missed an update: it is stale from the first
+    // one, and kept (so the camera keeps its target) until ten minutes after
+    // its newest fix, whatever the snapshot says. With no fix time known it
+    // takes the ordinary limits below.
+    const meta = this.data.get(id);
+    const fixMs = meta?.newestFixMs ?? meta?.observedReceiptMs;
+    if (tracked && Number.isFinite(fixMs)) {
+      if (Date.now() - fixMs < TRACKED_RETENTION_MS) {
+        this.missingPolls.set(id, misses);
+        return 'stale';
+      }
+      this.missingPolls.delete(id);
+      return 'remove';
+    }
     // Partial admissions and position-less rows do not prove absence, but
     // retention remains bounded; a likely-landed position-less contact
     // still takes the landed limit.
@@ -293,7 +352,6 @@ export class FlightRecords {
       Date.now() - (this.data.get(id)?.observedReceiptMs ?? 0) < 300000
     )
       return 'retain';
-    const misses = (this.missingPolls.get(id) || 0) + 1;
     const limit = likelyLanded ? LANDED_MISSING_POLL_LIMIT : MISSING_POLL_LIMIT;
     if (misses < limit) {
       this.missingPolls.set(id, misses);
@@ -306,6 +364,7 @@ export class FlightRecords {
   forget(id) {
     this.data.delete(id);
     this.missingPolls.delete(id);
+    this.fixRepeated.delete(id);
     this.geoidNCache.delete(id);
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/records.test.mjs b/src/layers/flights/records.test.mjs
index f74574e96..9fab9e129 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/records.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/flights/records.test.mjs
@@ -164,3 +164,99 @@ test('a route belongs to its callsign: a new callsign drops it, a blank one keep
   assert.equal(next.meta.airline, null);
   assert.equal(next.meta.routeCallsign, null);
 });
+
+test('a contact with no altitude yet is marked as drawn at an invented height; a held one is not', () => {
+  const store = records();
+  const none = store.receive(
+    observation({ baroAltitudeM: null, ellipsoidAltitudeM: null }),
+    view(),
+  );
+  assert.equal(none.meta.renderAltitudeInvented, true);
+  const known = store.receive(
+    observation({ positionTimeMs: 1700000005000 }),
+    view(),
+  );
+  assert.equal(known.meta.renderAltitudeInvented, false);
+  const held = store.receive(
+    observation({
+      baroAltitudeM: null,
+      ellipsoidAltitudeM: null,
+      positionTimeMs: 1700000010000,
+    }),
+    view(),
+  );
+  assert.equal(held.meta.renderAltitudeInvented, false);
+  const parked = records().receive(
+    observation({ id: 'abc124', baroAltitudeM: null, onGround: true }),
+    view(),
+  );
+  assert.equal(parked.meta.renderAltitudeInvented, false);
+});
+
+test('the tracked contact is stale from its first missed update and kept until ten minutes after its newest fix', () => {
+  const realNow = Date.now;
+  const fixMs = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  let clock = fixMs + 5_000;
+  Date.now = () => clock;
+  try {
+    for (const snapshot of [
+      { complete: true },
+      { complete: true, retainIds: new Set(['abc123']) },
+      { complete: false },
+    ]) {
+      const store = records();
+      store.receive(observation({ positionTimeMs: fixMs }), view());
+      const absent = (tracked) =>
+        store.absence('abc123', { ...snapshot, likelyLanded: false, tracked });
+      clock = fixMs + 15_000;
+      assert.equal(absent(true), 'stale');
+      assert.equal(store.missingPolls.get('abc123'), 1);
+      // Kept long after the untracked limits, measured from the fix time.
+      clock = fixMs + 9 * 60_000;
+      assert.equal(absent(true), 'stale');
+      clock = fixMs + 10 * 60_000 - 1;
+      assert.equal(absent(true), 'stale');
+      clock = fixMs + 10 * 60_000;
+      assert.equal(absent(true), 'remove');
+      assert.equal(store.missingPolls.has('abc123'), false);
+    }
+    // Untracked contacts keep their own limits.
+    const store = records();
+    store.receive(observation({ positionTimeMs: fixMs }), view());
+    clock = fixMs + 15_000;
+    const untracked = (snapshot) =>
+      store.absence('abc123', { ...snapshot, likelyLanded: false });
+    assert.equal(untracked({ complete: false }), 'retain');
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      [1, 2, 3].map(() => untracked({ complete: true })),
+      ['stale', 'stale', 'remove'],
+    );
+  } finally {
+    Date.now = realNow;
+  }
+});
+
+test('a repeated fix time marks the contact as not updated; removal is unchanged', () => {
+  const store = records();
+  const fixMs = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  store.beginSnapshot(fixMs + 2_000);
+  store.receive(observation({ positionTimeMs: fixMs }), view());
+  assert.equal(store.fixRepeated.has('abc123'), false);
+  // The next poll re-sends the same position.
+  store.beginSnapshot(fixMs + 12_000);
+  store.receive(observation({ positionTimeMs: fixMs }), view());
+  assert.equal(store.fixRepeated.has('abc123'), true);
+  assert.equal(store.missingPolls.has('abc123'), false);
+  // The same snapshot read again is not a missed update.
+  store.beginSnapshot(fixMs + 12_000);
+  store.receive(observation({ positionTimeMs: fixMs }), view());
+  assert.equal(store.fixRepeated.has('abc123'), true);
+  // A newer fix clears it.
+  store.beginSnapshot(fixMs + 22_000);
+  store.receive(observation({ positionTimeMs: fixMs + 10_000 }), view());
+  assert.equal(store.fixRepeated.has('abc123'), false);
+  store.beginSnapshot(fixMs + 32_000);
+  store.receive(observation({ positionTimeMs: fixMs + 10_000 }), view());
+  store.forget('abc123');
+  assert.equal(store.fixRepeated.has('abc123'), false);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/rendering.js b/src/layers/flights/rendering.js
index 333935bc1..dfc46a553 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/rendering.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/rendering.js
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import {
   COURSE_MAX_DPS,
   HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_TICKS,
   hiddenContactDrPhase,
+  STALE_ALPHA,
 } from './policy.js';
 import { AIRCRAFT_ENVIRONMENT_MAP_OPTIONS } from '../../data/aircraftModelLighting.js';
 
@@ -680,6 +681,19 @@ export function createRendering({
    *  follow-camera's bounding sphere is ALWAYS ready — toggling 3D, or tracking while already zoomed
    *  in, can never stall or freeze the centering (the old model-graphic-on-entity failure mode). */
 
+  /** Fade the tracked 3D model like the billboard while the plane is stale. */
+
+  function _applyTrackedModelFade(model) {
+    const alpha = parts.tracking._trackedStaleCue?.(flightState._trackedIcao)
+      ?.dimmed
+      ? STALE_ALPHA
+      : 1;
+    if (model.color?.alpha === alpha) return;
+    model.color = (
+      flightState._irBoost ? Cesium.Color.WHITE : Cesium.Color.CYAN
+    ).withAlpha(alpha);
+  }
+
   function _updateTrackedModel() {
     const active =
       flightState._trackedIcao &&
@@ -823,6 +837,7 @@ export function createRendering({
         parts.motion._trackedDisplayCourse(),
         flightState._trackedModel.modelMatrix,
       );
+      _applyTrackedModelFade(flightState._trackedModel);
       if (!flightState._trackedModel.ready) return;
       const spec = _modelSpec(
         flightState.records.data.get(flightState._trackedIcao)?.klass,
@@ -849,6 +864,13 @@ export function createRendering({
   }
 
   function _fleetTick() {
+    // Every frame, shown or not: the tracked trail records where its icon is
+    // drawn and moves its body on (the head callback only reads the result),
+    // and the tracked label's stale cue follows the clock.
+    if (flightState._viewer) {
+      parts.tracking._trailTick?.();
+      parts.tracking._staleCueTick?.();
+    }
     if (
       !flightState._viewer ||
       !flightState._billboardCollection ||
@@ -1081,7 +1103,9 @@ export function createRendering({
           flightState._cockpitContactMode && !isCockpitNear
             ? 1
             : _fleetBillboardScale(icao24, info?.klass),
-        baseAlpha: flightState.records.missingPolls.get(icao24) ? 0.45 : 1,
+        baseAlpha: flightState.records.missingPolls.get(icao24)
+          ? STALE_ALPHA
+          : 1,
         baseColor,
         focusFactor: focus.factor,
         cameraDistanceM,
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js b/src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js
index 414e6a0f6..1ef928562 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { cyberSonarBaseAlpha } from '../../cyberSonar.js';
 import {
   turnRateFromFixHistory,
   liftRepeatedGroundFix,
+  staleHoldsForFix,
   synthesizeForwardKinematicsFix,
 } from '../../data/motionModel.js';
 import { aircraftIcon } from '../../data/aircraftIcons.js';
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ export function createFlightSnapshotRenderer({
   queries,
 }) {
   const { refreshMilitaryRegistryIfStale, isMilitaryIcao } = militaryRegistry;
-  const { warmGroundFloor } = groundFloor;
+  const { warmGroundFloor, cachedGroundFloor } = groundFloor;
   const { sampleMeshFloorCells } = meshFloor;
   return function applySnapshot(snapshot, viewer) {
     const currentIcaos = new Set();
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ export function createFlightSnapshotRenderer({
       ? Cesium.Math.toDegrees(viewerCarto.longitude)
       : null;
     const floorWarmPoints = [];
+    records.beginSnapshot(snapshot.observedAtMs);
 
     // Classification and display policy consume source-independent observations.
     refreshMilitaryRegistryIfStale();
@@ -112,6 +114,9 @@ export function createFlightSnapshotRenderer({
           position: position.clone(),
           velocity: meta.velocity,
           track: meta.true_track,
+          // Drawn at an invented height: a trail seeded from history keeps no
+          // position for it.
+          inventedHeight: meta.renderAltitudeInvented === true,
         });
         if (history.length > POSITION_HISTORY_LIMIT) {
           history.shift();
@@ -125,7 +130,10 @@ export function createFlightSnapshotRenderer({
         // Round 2 (owner): ground traffic appends too — taxi history stays
         // live after touchdown (grounded flights positions are already
         // surface-clamped via the surfaceM chain, so the ground leg drapes).
-        if (isTracked) tracking._appendTrailFix(position.clone());
+        if (isTracked)
+          tracking._appendTrailFix(position.clone(), fixEpochMs, {
+            nullAltitude: meta.renderAltitudeInvented === true,
+          });
       } else {
         const modelOwnsGroundVisual = rendering._modelOwnsVisual(icao24);
         if (!modelOwnsGroundVisual) {
@@ -133,21 +141,28 @@ export function createFlightSnapshotRenderer({
         }
         // Apply fresh kinematics only from a forward synthetic fix. Mutating
         // the historical fix reprojects the entire stale interval and snaps
-        // the rendered aircraft when course or speed changes late.
+        // the rendered aircraft when course or speed changes late. The stale
+        // rules apply: none for a contact that holds at its report, a coast
+        // capped from the real report, never below the ground. It is a motion
+        // aid, not a report, so it never joins the trail.
         const kinematicsChanged =
           newest.velocity !== meta.velocity || newest.track !== meta.true_track;
-        if (kinematicsChanged) {
+        const holds = staleHoldsForFix(newest, {
+          onGround: meta.onGround,
+          cachedGroundFloor,
+        });
+        if (kinematicsChanged && !holds) {
           const synthetic = synthesizeForwardKinematicsFix(newest, {
             epochMs: Date.now(),
             velocity: meta.velocity,
             track: meta.true_track,
             turnRateDps: meta.turnRateDps,
+            cachedGroundFloor,
           });
           if (synthetic) {
             history.push(synthetic);
             if (history.length > POSITION_HISTORY_LIMIT) history.shift();
             meta.turnRateDps = turnRateFromFixHistory(history);
-            if (isTracked) tracking._appendTrailFix(synthetic.position.clone());
           }
         }
       }
@@ -252,6 +267,7 @@ export function createFlightSnapshotRenderer({
         complete: snapshot.complete,
         retainIds: snapshot.retainIds,
         likelyLanded: queries._likelyLanded(icao24),
+        tracked: icao24 === flightState._trackedIcao,
       });
       if (absence === 'retain') continue;
       if (absence === 'stale') {
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/snapshotStale.test.mjs b/src/layers/flights/snapshotStale.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1f4a7278
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/flights/snapshotStale.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { createFlightSnapshotRenderer } from './snapshotRenderer.js';
+
+// A poll that repeats a contact's last position with new speed or course
+// must not move it past where the stale rules allow, and never adds a
+// report to the tracked trail.
+
+const ICAO = '00a002';
+const SEC = 1000;
+
+/** Any property is a no-op function unless given. */
+function stub(overrides = {}) {
+  return new Proxy(overrides, {
+    get: (target, key) => (key in target ? target[key] : () => undefined),
+  });
+}
+
+function harness({ ground = () => null }) {
+  const appended = [];
+  const history = [];
+  const flightState = {
+    _trackedIcao: ICAO,
+    _trackedEntity: null,
+    _positionHistory: new Map([[ICAO, history]]),
+    _billboards: new Map([[ICAO, { position: new Cesium.Cartesian3() }]]),
+    _billboardCollection: stub(),
+    _cullPositions: new Map(),
+    _displayCourse: new Map(),
+    _groundSnap: stub(),
+    _displayFloorState: new Map(),
+    _models: new Map(),
+    _viewer: null,
+    _cockpitContactMode: false,
+    records: { data: new Map() },
+  };
+  let meta = null;
+  let fixEpochMs = 0;
+  const records = stub({
+    receive: () => {
+      flightState.records.data.set(ICAO, meta);
+      return { prevMeta: meta, meta, groundFlipped: false, fixEpochMs };
+    },
+    absence: () => 'retain',
+  });
+  const apply = createFlightSnapshotRenderer({
+    flightState,
+    records,
+    militaryRegistry: stub({ isMilitaryIcao: () => false }),
+    groundFloor: stub({ cachedGroundFloor: ground }),
+    meshFloor: stub(),
+    rendering: stub({
+      _modelOwnsVisual: () => false,
+      _fleetBillboardColor: () => Cesium.Color.WHITE,
+    }),
+    tracking: stub({
+      _militaryLayerSuppresses: () => false,
+      _appendTrailFix: (position, epochMs) =>
+        appended.push({ position, epochMs }),
+    }),
+    motion: stub(),
+    enrichment: stub(),
+    queries: stub({ _likelyLanded: () => false }),
+  });
+  return {
+    history,
+    appended,
+    poll(nextMeta, epochMs) {
+      meta = nextMeta;
+      fixEpochMs = epochMs;
+      apply({ records: [{ id: ICAO }], complete: true }, null);
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+const lightAircraft = (velocity, track) => ({
+  rawLat: 38.1436,
+  rawLon: -122.5561,
+  renderAltitudeM: 10,
+  altitude: 40,
+  velocity,
+  true_track: track,
+  onGround: false,
+  wasAirborne: true,
+  klass: 'light',
+});
+
+test('a low contact whose position repeats while its speed changes is not moved and adds nothing to the trail', (t) => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'], now: t0 });
+  const h = harness({ ground: () => -30 });
+  h.poll(lightAircraft(36.4, 63), t0);
+  const first = h.history[0].position;
+  for (const [i, velocity] of [30, 22, 14, 9].entries()) {
+    t.mock.timers.tick(10 * SEC);
+    h.poll(lightAircraft(velocity, 63 + i * 20), t0);
+  }
+  assert.equal(h.history.length, 1, 'a synthetic fix moved a holding contact');
+  assert.equal(h.history[0].position, first);
+  assert.equal(h.appended.length, 1, 'only the real report joins the trail');
+});
+
+test('a cruising contact whose position repeats coasts no further than the stale cap, and the synthetic fix is not a report', (t) => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'], now: t0 });
+  const h = harness({});
+  const cruise = (velocity, track) => ({
+    rawLat: 36,
+    rawLon: -115,
+    renderAltitudeM: 9_000,
+    altitude: 9_000,
+    velocity,
+    true_track: track,
+    onGround: false,
+    wasAirborne: true,
+    klass: 'jet',
+  });
+  h.poll(cruise(220, 90), t0);
+  const report = h.history[0].position;
+  t.mock.timers.tick(300 * SEC);
+  h.poll(cruise(200, 100), t0);
+  assert.equal(h.history.length, 2);
+  const moved = Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(report, h.history[1].position);
+  assert.ok(
+    moved <= 220 * 300 + 1,
+    `the synthetic fix coasted ${moved.toFixed(0)} m`,
+  );
+  assert.equal(h.appended.length, 1, 'the synthetic fix joined the trail');
+});
+
+test('a report drawn at an invented height says so on its history fix', (t) => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'], now: t0 });
+  const h = harness({});
+  h.poll({ ...lightAircraft(60, 90), renderAltitudeInvented: true }, t0);
+  h.poll({ ...lightAircraft(60, 90), rawLon: -122.55 }, t0 + 10 * SEC);
+  assert.equal(h.history[0].inventedHeight, true);
+  assert.equal(h.history[1].inventedHeight, false);
+});
+
+test('with the ground unknown, a low barometric altitude alone does not hold a contact', (t) => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'], now: t0 });
+  const h = harness({});
+  h.poll(lightAircraft(36.4, 63), t0);
+  t.mock.timers.tick(10 * SEC);
+  h.poll(lightAircraft(30, 80), t0);
+  // It coasts under the stale cap instead.
+  assert.equal(h.history.length, 2);
+  assert.equal(h.history[0].staleHolds, false);
+  assert.equal(h.appended.length, 1);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/staleHold.test.mjs b/src/layers/flights/staleHold.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15c41342b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/flights/staleHold.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { createMotion } from './motion.js';
+import { createFlightState } from './state.js';
+import { createTracking } from './tracking.js';
+import {
+  staleCoastSeconds,
+  staleHoldsAtLastReport,
+} from '../../data/motionModel.js';
+import { TRAIL_CONTINUITY_MAX_SPEED_KT } from '../../data/trailContinuity.js';
+import { RENDER_DELAY_SEC } from './policy.js';
+
+const SEC = 1000;
+// Ellipsoidal ground at a sea-level airfield (geoid about -32 m).
+const FIELD_GROUND_M = -30;
+
+/** A motion module over one contact's history, with a fixed clock. */
+function motionFixture({ info, fixes, nowMs, ground = () => null }) {
+  const flightState = {
+    records: { data: new Map([['00a001', info]]) },
+    _positionHistory: new Map([['00a001', fixes]]),
+    _focusEvidenceIds: new Set(),
+    _scratchArc: {},
+    _scratchOffset: new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    _scratchRenderTime: new Cesium.JulianDate(),
+    _scratchCoastCarto: new Cesium.Cartographic(),
+    now: () => nowMs,
+  };
+  const motion = createMotion({
+    flightState,
+    services: {
+      groundFloor: {
+        cachedGroundFloor: ground,
+        floorAltitudeM: (alt, g) =>
+          Number.isFinite(g) ? Math.max(alt, g + 1.5) : alt,
+      },
+      camera: {},
+      focus: {},
+    },
+    parts: {},
+  });
+  return { flightState, motion };
+}
+
+function fix(timeMs, lat, lon, heightM, velocity, track) {
+  return {
+    time: Cesium.JulianDate.fromDate(new Date(timeMs)),
+    epochMs: timeMs,
+    position: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lon, lat, heightM),
+    velocity,
+    track,
+  };
+}
+
+const height = (position) => Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(position).height;
+
+test('a stale contact holds at its last report when it reported on the ground or low', () => {
+  assert.equal(staleHoldsAtLastReport({ onGround: true }), true);
+  // A light aircraft on final: -30 m barometric, its render height 1.5 m above the known ground.
+  assert.equal(
+    staleHoldsAtLastReport({
+      onGround: false,
+      heightM: FIELD_GROUND_M + 1.5,
+      groundM: FIELD_GROUND_M,
+    }),
+    true,
+  );
+  // Ground unknown: a low barometric altitude alone does not hold it; it
+  // coasts under the cap.
+  assert.equal(
+    staleHoldsAtLastReport({ onGround: false, heightM: 120 }),
+    false,
+  );
+  // A high airfield: 1,600 m barometric but 60 m above its ground.
+  assert.equal(
+    staleHoldsAtLastReport({
+      onGround: false,
+      heightM: 1_660,
+      groundM: 1_600,
+    }),
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    staleHoldsAtLastReport({
+      onGround: false,
+      heightM: 10_000,
+      groundM: 20,
+    }),
+    false,
+  );
+});
+
+test('a stale contact coasts up to its source limit at any speed, and a holding one not at all', () => {
+  const coast = (over) =>
+    staleCoastSeconds({
+      elapsedSec: 400,
+      coastLimitSec: 300,
+      speedMps: 230,
+      holds: false,
+      ...over,
+    });
+  assert.equal(coast(), 300);
+  assert.equal(coast({ elapsedSec: 200 }), 200);
+  assert.equal(coast({ coastLimitSec: 60 }), 60);
+  assert.equal(coast({ speedMps: 1_000 }), 300);
+  assert.equal(coast({ holds: true }), 0);
+  assert.equal(coast({ elapsedSec: -5 }), 0);
+});
+
+test('a light aircraft on short final goes stale after a low, slow, descending report, the icon holds at that report, not below the ground', () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  const fixes = [
+    fix(t0, 38.1279, -122.5425, 122, 40, 340),
+    fix(t0 + 30 * SEC, 38.133, -122.5494, 38, 37, 10),
+    fix(t0 + 60 * SEC, 38.1436, -122.5561, FIELD_GROUND_M + 1.5, 36.4, 63),
+  ];
+  const info = {
+    altitude: -30,
+    renderAltitudeM: FIELD_GROUND_M + 1.5,
+    rawLat: 38.1436,
+    rawLon: -122.5561,
+    velocity: 36.4,
+    true_track: 63,
+    onGround: false,
+    wasAirborne: true,
+    lastContactEpochMs: t0 + 60 * SEC,
+  };
+  for (const afterSec of [5, 45, 90, 240]) {
+    const nowMs = t0 + 60 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC + afterSec * SEC;
+    const { motion } = motionFixture({
+      info,
+      fixes,
+      nowMs,
+      ground: () => FIELD_GROUND_M,
+    });
+    const drawn = motion._deadReckon('00a001', new Cesium.Cartesian3());
+    assert.ok(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(drawn, fixes[2].position) < 0.01,
+      `${afterSec} s after the report the icon is at the report`,
+    );
+    assert.ok(height(drawn) >= FIELD_GROUND_M);
+  }
+});
+
+function cruiser(lastContactAfterSec) {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  const fixes = [
+    fix(t0, 40, -100, 10_000, 230, 90),
+    fix(t0 + 15 * SEC, 40, -99.96, 10_000, 230, 90),
+  ];
+  const info = {
+    altitude: 10_000,
+    renderAltitudeM: 10_000,
+    rawLat: 40,
+    rawLon: -99.96,
+    velocity: 230,
+    true_track: 90,
+    onGround: false,
+    wasAirborne: true,
+    lastContactEpochMs: t0 + 15 * SEC + lastContactAfterSec * SEC,
+  };
+  const at = (afterSec) => {
+    const nowMs = t0 + 15 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC + afterSec * SEC;
+    const { motion } = motionFixture({ info, fixes, nowMs });
+    return motion._deadReckon('00a001', new Cesium.Cartesian3());
+  };
+  const d = (p) => Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(p, fixes[1].position);
+  return { at, d };
+}
+
+test('a cruising contact still heard after its last position coasts past 90 s, for up to 5 minutes, then stops', () => {
+  // Contact kept arriving for four minutes after the last position.
+  const { at, d } = cruiser(240);
+  const near = (got, want) => Math.abs(got - want) < want * 0.005 + 50;
+  assert.ok(near(d(at(90)), 230 * 90));
+  assert.ok(near(d(at(200)), 230 * 200), 'still moving at 200 s');
+  assert.ok(near(d(at(300)), 230 * 300));
+  assert.ok(near(d(at(400)), 230 * 300), 'stopped at 300 s');
+  assert.ok(Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(at(400), at(600)) < 0.01);
+});
+
+test('a cruising contact that stops reporting coasts five minutes, then stops', () => {
+  const { at, d } = cruiser(0);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(d(at(60)) - 230 * 60) < 120);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(d(at(300)) - 230 * 300) < 600);
+  assert.ok(Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(at(301), at(420)) < 0.01);
+});
+
+test('a bad reported speed coasts no faster than the 1,500 kt continuity limit', () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  // 2,000 m/s (about 3,900 kt): a corrupt velocity, not a real aircraft.
+  const fixes = [
+    fix(t0, 40, -100, 10_000, 2_000, 90),
+    fix(t0 + 15 * SEC, 40, -99.96, 10_000, 2_000, 90),
+  ];
+  const info = {
+    altitude: 10_000,
+    renderAltitudeM: 10_000,
+    rawLat: 40,
+    rawLon: -99.96,
+    velocity: 2_000,
+    true_track: 90,
+    onGround: false,
+    wasAirborne: true,
+  };
+  const nowMs = t0 + 15 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC + 300 * SEC;
+  const { motion } = motionFixture({ info, fixes, nowMs });
+  const drawn = motion._deadReckon('00a001', new Cesium.Cartesian3());
+  const limitMps = (TRAIL_CONTINUITY_MAX_SPEED_KT * 1852) / 3600;
+  const d = Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(drawn, fixes[1].position);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(d - limitMps * 300) < 1_500, `${d.toFixed(0)} m`);
+});
+
+test('coasting never takes a contact below the ground', () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  const fixes = [
+    fix(t0, 39.7, -105.5, 3_400, 80, 270),
+    fix(t0 + 15 * SEC, 39.7, -105.514, 3_400, 80, 270),
+  ];
+  const info = {
+    altitude: 3_400,
+    renderAltitudeM: 3_400,
+    rawLat: 39.7,
+    rawLon: -105.514,
+    velocity: 80,
+    true_track: 270,
+    onGround: false,
+    wasAirborne: true,
+  };
+  // 3,000 m under the report, rising to 3,600 m along the coast west.
+  const nowMs = t0 + 15 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC + 60 * SEC;
+  const { motion } = motionFixture({
+    info,
+    fixes,
+    nowMs,
+    ground: (lat, lon) => (lon < -105.52 ? 3_600 : 3_000),
+  });
+  const drawn = motion._deadReckon('00a001', new Cesium.Cartesian3());
+  assert.ok(height(drawn) >= 3_600, `height ${height(drawn)}`);
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// The trail and head across a stale gap.
+
+function services(trail) {
+  const names = [
+    'picking',
+    'sprites',
+    'aircraftPresentation',
+    'camera',
+    'militaryRegistry',
+    'labels',
+    'meshFloor',
+    'focus',
+    'readout',
+    'context',
+    'render',
+    'recession',
+  ];
+  return {
+    ...Object.fromEntries(names.map((name) => [name, {}])),
+    groundSnap: { createGroundSnap: () => ({ clear() {} }) },
+    trails: trail,
+    geoid: { ensureGeoidReady: async () => {}, geoidHeight: () => 0 },
+    groundFloor: {
+      resolveGroundFloorCellsBounded: async () => {},
+      cachedGroundFloor: () => null,
+      floorAltitudeM: (alt) => alt,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function trailHarness({ fixes, nowMs, head }) {
+  const calls = [];
+  const trail = {
+    createTrail: () => ({
+      setSegments(segments) {
+        calls.push(segments.map((segment) => segment.slice()));
+      },
+      setPositions(positions) {
+        calls.push([positions.slice()]);
+      },
+      setVisible() {},
+      clear() {},
+      destroy() {},
+    }),
+  };
+  const svc = services(trail);
+  const flightState = createFlightState({
+    services: svc,
+    source: { label: 'Fixture aircraft' },
+  });
+  const added = [];
+  flightState._viewer = {
+    isDestroyed: () => false,
+    entities: {
+      add(definition) {
+        added.push(definition);
+        return definition;
+      },
+      remove() {},
+    },
+  };
+  flightState._trackedIcao = '00a001';
+  let clock = nowMs;
+  flightState.now = () => clock;
+  flightState._positionHistory.set('00a001', fixes);
+  let headPosition = head;
+  const tracking = createTracking({
+    flightState,
+    services: svc,
+    parts: {
+      motion: {
+        _isTrackWarmingUp: () => false,
+        _trackedTrailCached: () => headPosition,
+        _trackedDisplayPosition: () => headPosition,
+        _trackedModelCenterWorld: () => null,
+        _trackedModelEnvelopeM: () => null,
+      },
+    },
+    layer: {},
+  });
+  const headEntity = () =>
+    added.find((definition) =>
+      String(definition.id).startsWith('gev-trail:fl-head-'),
+    );
+  return {
+    tracking,
+    flightState,
+    drawn: () => (calls.at(-1) ?? []).flat(),
+    head: () => headEntity().polyline.positions.getValue(),
+    setClock: (ms) => {
+      clock = ms;
+    },
+    setHead: (position) => {
+      headPosition = position;
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+test('a holding contact draws no head, and the trail ends at the last report, never past the icon', () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  const fixes = [
+    fix(t0, 38.1678, -122.527, 303, 45, 200),
+    fix(t0 + 30 * SEC, 38.1279, -122.5425, 122, 40, 340),
+    fix(t0 + 60 * SEC, 38.133, -122.5494, 38, 37, 10),
+    fix(t0 + 90 * SEC, 38.1436, -122.5561, 0, 36.4, 63),
+  ];
+  const last = fixes.at(-1).position;
+  // The display time is long past the last report; the icon holds there.
+  const h = trailHarness({
+    fixes,
+    nowMs: t0 + 90 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC + 120 * SEC,
+    head: Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(last),
+  });
+  h.tracking._startTrail('00a001');
+  // Every report, including the last, is in the trail: the head no longer
+  // cuts from the one before it to the icon.
+  assert.equal(h.drawn().length, 4);
+  assert.equal(h.drawn().at(-1), h.flightState._trailFixes.at(-1).position);
+  assert.deepEqual(h.head(), []);
+});
+
+test('while the display is between reports, the trail stops at the report behind the icon', () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  // Reports every 10 s; the icon is drawn 30 s behind, between the 2nd and 3rd.
+  const fixes = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5].map((i) =>
+    fix(t0 + i * 10 * SEC, 40, -100 + i * 0.03, 10_000, 230, 90),
+  );
+  const nowMs = t0 + 25 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC;
+  const icon = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-100 + 0.075, 40, 10_000);
+  const h = trailHarness({ fixes, nowMs, head: icon });
+  h.tracking._startTrail('00a001');
+  // Reports at 0, 10 and 20 s are behind the icon (display time 25 s).
+  assert.equal(h.drawn().length, 3);
+  const head = h.head();
+  assert.equal(head.length, 2);
+  assert.ok(Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(head[0], fixes[2].position) < 0.01);
+});
+
+test('the hold-or-coast decision is made once per report: a floor that resolves mid-coast does not snap the icon back', () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  const fixes = [
+    fix(t0, 39.7, -104.6, 1_900, 70, 270),
+    fix(t0 + 15 * SEC, 39.7, -104.6123, 1_900, 70, 270),
+  ];
+  const info = {
+    altitude: 1_950,
+    renderAltitudeM: 1_900,
+    rawLat: 39.7,
+    rawLon: -104.6123,
+    velocity: 70,
+    true_track: 270,
+    onGround: false,
+    wasAirborne: true,
+    lastContactEpochMs: t0 + 15 * SEC + 120 * SEC,
+  };
+  // No floor known when the contact goes stale: baro says well clear of the
+  // ground, so it coasts. Mid-coast the floor resolves 100 m under the report.
+  let ground = () => null;
+  const at = (afterSec) => {
+    const nowMs = t0 + 15 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC + afterSec * SEC;
+    const { motion } = motionFixture({
+      info,
+      fixes,
+      nowMs,
+      ground: (lat, lon) => ground(lat, lon),
+    });
+    return motion._deadReckon('00a001', new Cesium.Cartesian3());
+  };
+  const d = (p) => Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(p, fixes[1].position);
+  const before = d(at(30));
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(before - 70 * 30) < 50, `coasted ${before.toFixed(0)} m`);
+  ground = () => 1_800;
+  const after = d(at(31));
+  assert.ok(
+    after > before,
+    `the icon went from ${before.toFixed(0)} m to ${after.toFixed(0)} m`,
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/state.js b/src/layers/flights/state.js
index 81b849f4b..4b58f54fb 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/state.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/state.js
@@ -195,9 +195,32 @@ export function createFlightState({ source, services }) {
 
   flightState._trailHeadSeq = 0;
 
-  /** @type {Cesium.Cartesian3[]} Chronological tracked-aircraft fixes (oldest first) */
+  /** @type {{position: Cesium.Cartesian3|null, timeMs: number, nullAltitude: boolean, breakBefore: boolean, drawn?: boolean}[]}
+   *  Chronological tracked-aircraft trail (oldest first): reports, and
+   *  (`drawn`) where the icon was drawn between them; `breakBefore` starts a
+   *  new segment. */
 
-  flightState._trailPositions = [];
+  flightState._trailFixes = [];
+
+  /** @type {number} Body fixes drawn: those at or before the display time. */
+
+  flightState._trailBodyCount = 0;
+
+  /** @type {Cesium.Cartesian3|null} Where the tracked icon was last recorded into the trail. */
+
+  flightState._trailRecordPosition = null;
+
+  /** @type {number} Display time (epoch ms) of that recording. */
+
+  flightState._trailRecordMs = -Infinity;
+
+  /** @type {string|undefined} The stale cue last written into the tracked label (see `_staleCueTick`). */
+
+  flightState._trackedStaleCueText = undefined;
+
+  /** @type {{key: string, cue: {text: string, dimmed: boolean}}|null} This frame's tracked stale cue (see `_trackedStaleCue`). */
+
+  flightState._trackedStaleCueCache = null;
 
   /** @type {number} Monotonic token — invalidates in-flight backfill responses */
 
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/tracking.js b/src/layers/flights/tracking.js
index 9fbde6a3f..cbc1b66ad 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/tracking.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/tracking.js
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
-import { julianAt } from '../../time/julian.js';
 import { formatNumber, t } from '../../i18n/index.js';
 import { unitLabel } from '../../ui/unitLabels.js';
 import { nextCockpitNearContacts } from '../../data/cockpitAirLod.js';
@@ -21,12 +20,31 @@ import {
   TRACKED_MODEL_MAX_LOAD_FAILS,
   TRACKED_MODEL_RETRY_BACKOFF_MS,
   TRAIL_MAX_POINTS,
+  DR_CORRECTION_MS,
   RENDER_DELAY_SEC,
   TRAIL_COLOR,
   CYAN_TRANSPARENT,
+  STALE_ALPHA,
 } from './policy.js';
+import {
+  drawTrailSegments,
+  historyFixEpochMs,
+  insertTrailFix,
+  joinTrailBackfill,
+  recordTrailPoint,
+  trailBackfillFixes,
+  trailBodyCount,
+  trailBodyCountOutsideModel,
+  trailBodySegments,
+  trailHeadStartFix,
+  trailRecordingBlocked,
+  TRAIL_RECORD_STEP_M,
+  TRAIL_RECORD_STEP_MS,
+} from '../../data/trailContinuity.js';
 import { roundHeadingDegrees } from '../../data/headingDegrees.js';
 
+const STALE_CYAN = Cesium.Color.CYAN.withAlpha(STALE_ALPHA);
+
 export function createTracking({
   flightState,
   services,
@@ -333,18 +351,81 @@ export function createTracking({
   }
 
   /**
-   * Append one fix to the tracked aircraft's trail accumulation and refresh
-   * the rendered trail. Caller passes an owned (cloned) Cartesian3.
-   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} position - New fix position, appended at the head.
+   * Put one report into the tracked aircraft's trail, in time order, and
+   * refresh the rendered trail. Caller passes an owned (cloned) Cartesian3. A
+   * report that breaks from its neighbour starts a new segment (see
+   * trailContinuity).
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} position - The report's position.
+   * @param {number} [epochMs] - The report's time; defaults to the tracked
+   *   aircraft's newest position-history fix, which every caller has just pushed.
+   * @param {{nullAltitude?: boolean}} [options] - `nullAltitude`: the report
+   *   had no altitude, so its position is not kept and the line breaks there.
+   *   A report for a time the display has already passed replaces what was
+   *   drawn after it (see `insertTrailFix`).
    */
 
-  function _appendTrailFix(position) {
-    flightState._trailPositions.push(position);
-    if (flightState._trailPositions.length > TRAIL_MAX_POINTS)
-      flightState._trailPositions.shift();
+  function _appendTrailFix(position, epochMs, { nullAltitude = false } = {}) {
+    const history = flightState._positionHistory.get(flightState._trackedIcao);
+    const timeMs = Number.isFinite(epochMs)
+      ? epochMs
+      : historyFixEpochMs(history?.[history.length - 1]);
+    insertTrailFix(
+      flightState._trailFixes,
+      position,
+      timeMs,
+      TRAIL_MAX_POINTS,
+      {
+        nullAltitude,
+        displayMs: flightState.now() - RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000,
+        settleMs: DR_CORRECTION_MS,
+      },
+    );
     _refreshTrailDisplay();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Per-frame trail work, run from the layer's preRender pass whether or not
+   * the head is visible: record where the tracked icon is drawn (at most once
+   * a second or every 150 m) and move the body on as the display time passes
+   * reports. The head callback only reads the result.
+   */
+
+  function _trailTick() {
+    if (!flightState._trackedIcao || !flightState._trail) return;
+    const displayMs = flightState.now() - RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000;
+    let changed = false;
+    if (
+      flightState._trailFixes.length &&
+      !parts.motion._isTrackWarmingUp() &&
+      !trailRecordingBlocked(flightState._trailFixes, displayMs)
+    ) {
+      const drawn = parts.motion._trackedDisplayPosition(
+        flightState._trackedIcao,
+      );
+      const last = flightState._trailRecordPosition;
+      if (
+        drawn &&
+        (!last ||
+          displayMs - flightState._trailRecordMs >= TRAIL_RECORD_STEP_MS ||
+          Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(last, drawn) >= TRAIL_RECORD_STEP_M)
+      ) {
+        flightState._trailRecordMs = displayMs;
+        flightState._trailRecordPosition = Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(
+          drawn,
+          flightState._trailRecordPosition ?? undefined,
+        );
+        changed = recordTrailPoint(
+          flightState._trailFixes,
+          Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(drawn),
+          displayMs,
+          TRAIL_MAX_POINTS,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+    if (changed || _trailBodyCountNow() !== flightState._trailBodyCount)
+      _refreshTrailDisplay();
+  }
+
   /**
    * Renders the trail with its head clamped to the render-behind display
    * position. Raw newest fixes run up to RENDER_DELAY_SEC ahead of the
@@ -354,17 +435,33 @@ export function createTracking({
    */
 
   function _refreshTrailDisplay() {
-    // The trail BODY is the accumulated fixes EXCLUDING the newest raw one — that newest
-    // fix is at ~now, ~one poll interval AHEAD of the delayed icon (rendered at
-    // now − RENDER_DELAY_SEC), so drawing it would push the trail in front of the plane.
-    // The cheap per-frame _trailHeadEntity segment bridges the last body point to the
-    // delayed dead-reckoned head, so the body primitive only rebuilds on a real fix
-    // (poll cadence), never at motion cadence.
+    // The trail BODY is the accumulated fixes at or before the delayed display time
+    // (now − RENDER_DELAY_SEC); newer fixes are AHEAD of the icon, so drawing them
+    // would push the trail in front of the plane. The cheap per-frame
+    // _trailHeadEntity segment bridges the last body point to the delayed
+    // dead-reckoned head, so the body rebuilds only on a real fix or when the
+    // display time passes one, never at motion cadence.
+    // A break lifts the pen: each segment is its own line, nothing between them.
     if (!flightState._trail) return;
-    flightState._trail.setPositions(
-      flightState._trailPositions.length > 1
-        ? flightState._trailPositions.slice(0, -1)
-        : flightState._trailPositions,
+    flightState._trailBodyCount = _trailBodyCountNow();
+    drawTrailSegments(
+      flightState._trail,
+      trailBodySegments(flightState._trailFixes, flightState._trailBodyCount),
+    );
+  }
+
+  /** Fixes at or before the time the aircraft is drawn (now − RENDER_DELAY_SEC),
+   *  less the newest recorded points inside its 3D model. */
+
+  function _trailBodyCountNow() {
+    return trailBodyCountOutsideModel(
+      flightState._trailFixes,
+      trailBodyCount(
+        flightState._trailFixes,
+        flightState.now() - RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000,
+      ),
+      parts.motion._trackedModelCenterWorld(),
+      parts.motion._trackedModelEnvelopeM(),
     );
   }
 
@@ -377,21 +474,24 @@ export function createTracking({
 
   function _startTrail(icao24) {
     flightState._trailBackfillToken += 1;
-    flightState._trailPositions = [];
+    flightState._trailFixes = [];
+    flightState._trailRecordPosition = null;
+    flightState._trailRecordMs = -Infinity;
     const history = flightState._positionHistory.get(icao24) || [];
-    // Seed only fixes at/behind the DELAYED display time (now − RENDER_DELAY_SEC). The
-    // newest ~RENDER_DELAY_SEC of fixes are AHEAD of the displayed icon; including them
-    // would draw the trail in front of the plane. They join the trail via _appendTrailFix
-    // as they age past the delay.
-    const seedRenderTime = Cesium.JulianDate.addSeconds(
-      julianAt(flightState.now()),
-      -RENDER_DELAY_SEC,
-      flightState._scratchWarmupTime,
-    );
+    // Seed every report. The body only draws those at or before the delayed
+    // display time (now − RENDER_DELAY_SEC); newer ones join it as the display
+    // passes them. A synthetic forward fix (it carries `reportEpochMs`) is a
+    // motion aid, never a report. A report drawn at an invented height keeps
+    // no position and breaks the line.
     for (const fix of history) {
-      if (Cesium.JulianDate.lessThanOrEquals(fix.time, seedRenderTime)) {
-        flightState._trailPositions.push(Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(fix.position));
-      }
+      if (Number.isFinite(fix.reportEpochMs)) continue;
+      insertTrailFix(
+        flightState._trailFixes,
+        Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(fix.position),
+        historyFixEpochMs(fix),
+        TRAIL_MAX_POINTS,
+        { nullAltitude: fix.inventedHeight === true },
+      );
     }
     if (!flightState._trail && flightState._viewer) {
       flightState._trail = createTrail(flightState._viewer, {
@@ -412,14 +512,13 @@ export function createTracking({
         show: !flightState._cockpitContactMode,
         polyline: {
           positions: new Cesium.CallbackProperty(() => {
-            // Need ≥2 accumulated points: the body draws all-but-newest, so the head must
-            // start at the last DISPLAYED body point (index n−2). With a single fix that
-            // point would be the sole raw fix — which is ~now, AHEAD of the delayed icon —
-            // so the segment would draw IN FRONT of the plane. Likewise during warm-up the
-            // icon predates all real history, so there is no valid body point behind it.
+            // The head starts at the last DISPLAYED body point, the newest fix at or
+            // before the delayed display time; a fix ahead of the icon would draw the
+            // segment IN FRONT of the plane. During warm-up the icon predates all real
+            // history, so there is no valid body point behind it.
             if (
               !flightState._trackedIcao ||
-              flightState._trailPositions.length < 2 ||
+              !flightState._trailFixes.length ||
               parts.motion._isTrackWarmingUp()
             )
               return [];
@@ -427,12 +526,19 @@ export function createTracking({
               parts.motion._trackedTrailCached() ||
               parts.motion._trackedDisplayPosition(flightState._trackedIcao);
             if (!head) return [];
-            // body[n−2] (last displayed body point) → delayed head: runs FORWARD, never a
-            // backward/reversing segment.
-            const start =
-              flightState._trailPositions[
-                flightState._trailPositions.length - 2
-              ];
+            // The last body point (a report, or where the icon was drawn a
+            // moment ago) → the icon. The body is moved on by _trailTick, never
+            // here: a callback must not add or remove entities.
+            // No head across a break: a body point more than 150 km away, or
+            // too long ago or too far to be one path, stays detached; none while
+            // the aircraft holds at its last point.
+            const last = trailHeadStartFix(
+              flightState._trailFixes,
+              head,
+              flightState.now(),
+              flightState._trailBodyCount,
+            );
+            if (!last) return [];
             // On a contact that has not moved this segment runs from inside the
             // model out to its own anchor — a line through the fuselage. The END
             // never gives, so a moving trail still terminates on the tail; the
@@ -441,7 +547,7 @@ export function createTracking({
             // See trailHeadStart. Read `head` in place and clone only on the draw
             // path — a suppressed parked contact runs this every frame.
             const from = trailHeadStart(
-              start,
+              last.position,
               head,
               parts.motion._trackedModelCenterWorld(),
               parts.motion._trackedModelEnvelopeM(),
@@ -520,7 +626,13 @@ export function createTracking({
       const time = observedAtMs / 1000;
       if (!Number.isFinite(lat) || !Number.isFinite(lon)) continue;
       if (!Number.isFinite(time) || time >= oldestFixEpochSec) continue;
-      parsed.push({ lat, lon, baroAlt });
+      parsed.push({
+        lat,
+        lon,
+        baroAlt,
+        onGround: waypoint.onGround === true,
+        timeMs: observedAtMs,
+      });
     }
     if (!parsed.length) return;
 
@@ -543,27 +655,30 @@ export function createTracking({
     )
       return;
 
-    const older = [];
-    let lastAltM = null; // carry-forward for no-baro points whose cell isn't warm yet
-    for (const { lat, lon, baroAlt } of parsed) {
-      const baroM = Number.isFinite(baroAlt)
-        ? baroAlt + geoidHeight(lat, lon)
-        : null;
-      let altM = floorAltitudeM(baroM, cachedGroundFloor(lat, lon));
-      // No baro + unresolved floor: hold the previous waypoint's altitude
-      // (continuity — never a dive/spike to a made-up height). Leading points
-      // with nothing to carry keep the old 10 km airborne default.
-      if (altM == null) altM = lastAltM != null ? lastAltM : 10000;
-      lastAltM = altM;
-      older.push(Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lon, lat, altM));
-    }
-
-    flightState._trailPositions = older.concat(flightState._trailPositions);
-    if (flightState._trailPositions.length > TRAIL_MAX_POINTS) {
-      flightState._trailPositions = flightState._trailPositions.slice(
-        flightState._trailPositions.length - TRAIL_MAX_POINTS,
-      );
-    }
+    // Every waypoint is kept, each leg its own segment. A ground waypoint is
+    // at altitude 0, floored at the ground. A waypoint with no altitude is a
+    // break on both sides: it sits on the ground where the floor is known and
+    // is skipped otherwise; a skipped point still breaks the line.
+    const backfill = trailBackfillFixes(
+      parsed.map(({ lat, lon, baroAlt, onGround, timeMs }) => {
+        const known = Number.isFinite(baroAlt) ? baroAlt : onGround ? 0 : null;
+        const altM = floorAltitudeM(
+          known == null ? null : known + geoidHeight(lat, lon),
+          cachedGroundFloor(lat, lon),
+        );
+        return {
+          position:
+            altM == null ? null : Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lon, lat, altM),
+          timeMs,
+          nullAltitude: known == null,
+        };
+      }),
+    );
+    flightState._trailFixes = joinTrailBackfill(
+      backfill,
+      flightState._trailFixes,
+      TRAIL_MAX_POINTS,
+    );
     _refreshTrailDisplay();
   }
 
@@ -573,7 +688,9 @@ export function createTracking({
 
   function _clearTrail() {
     flightState._trailBackfillToken += 1;
-    flightState._trailPositions = [];
+    flightState._trailFixes = [];
+    flightState._trailRecordPosition = null;
+    flightState._trailRecordMs = -Infinity;
     if (flightState._trail) flightState._trail.clear();
     if (
       flightState._trailHeadEntity &&
@@ -737,14 +854,90 @@ export function createTracking({
     flightState._pendingTrackingRestore = null;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * The tracked plane's stale cue and whether it is drawn with the stale fade.
+   * - SIGNAL LOST · <time since its last report>, dimmed: its coast has ended
+   *   (or it holds at its last report after a missed update) and no newer
+   *   report has come.
+   * - STALE, dimmed: it has missed an update and still coasts.
+   * - STALE, not dimmed: the whole feed is backing off.
+   * @param {string} icao24
+   * @returns {{text: string, dimmed: boolean}}
+   */
+
+  function _trackedStaleCue(icao24) {
+    const records = flightState.records;
+    const misses = records.missingPolls.get(icao24) || 0;
+    const repeated = records.fixRepeated?.has(icao24) === true;
+    const backoff = flightState.feed._backoff === true;
+    // Computed once per frame for the label, the icon colour and the model
+    // fade; a poll between frames changes the key.
+    const frame = flightState._viewer?.scene?.frameState?.frameNumber;
+    const key = Number.isFinite(frame)
+      ? `${frame}|${icao24}|${misses}|${repeated}|${backoff}`
+      : null;
+    const cached = flightState._trackedStaleCueCache;
+    if (key !== null && cached?.key === key) return cached.cue;
+    const cue = _computeTrackedStaleCue(
+      icao24,
+      misses > 0 || repeated,
+      backoff,
+    );
+    flightState._trackedStaleCueCache = key === null ? null : { key, cue };
+    return cue;
+  }
+
+  /** `_trackedStaleCue` without the per-frame cache. A repeated fix counts as missed. */
+
+  function _computeTrackedStaleCue(icao24, missed, backoff) {
+    const lost = parts.motion._signalLost(icao24);
+    if (lost && (missed || !lost.holds)) {
+      const sec = Math.max(
+        0,
+        Math.floor((flightState.now() - lost.reportEpochMs) / 1000),
+      );
+      const time =
+        sec < 60
+          ? `${formatNumber(sec, { useGrouping: false })} ${unitLabel('s')}`
+          : `${formatNumber(Math.floor(sec / 60), { useGrouping: false })} ${unitLabel('min')}`;
+      return { text: t('SIGNAL LOST · {time}', { time }), dimmed: true };
+    }
+    if (missed) return { text: t('STALE'), dimmed: true };
+    if (backoff) return { text: t('STALE'), dimmed: false };
+    return { text: '', dimmed: false };
+  }
+
+  /** The tracked billboard's colour: cyan, faded while stale, clear while the 3D model is the visual. */
+
+  function _trackedIconColor() {
+    if (parts.rendering._modelOwnsVisual(flightState._trackedIcao))
+      return CYAN_TRANSPARENT;
+    return _trackedStaleCue(flightState._trackedIcao).dimmed
+      ? STALE_CYAN
+      : Cesium.Color.CYAN;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Re-word the tracked label when its stale cue changes (STALE, SIGNAL LOST,
+   * each new second or minute of it). Run from the layer's per-frame pass.
+   */
+
+  function _staleCueTick() {
+    const icao24 = flightState._trackedIcao;
+    if (!icao24 || !flightState._trackedEntity) return;
+    const text = _trackedStaleCue(icao24).text;
+    if (text === flightState._trackedStaleCueText) return;
+    flightState._trackedStaleCueText = text;
+    _updateTrackedLabelModel(icao24);
+  }
+
   /** Multi-line tracked presentation text: "CS · FL · kts" + "Airline · Type" +
    *  "ORIG → DEST". The route line is gated by
    *  routePlausible so a wrong-leg adsbdb route is hidden, not displayed.
-   *  While the plane is in its missed-poll grace (coasting on dead reckoning
-   *  with sticky metadata), the first line carries a "· STALE" cue — the fleet's
-   *  45%-alpha billboard fade doesn't apply to the tracked plane (its entity
-   *  owns the visual), so without this the readout would present last-known
-   *  velocity/altitude as live. */
+   *  The first line carries the stale cue (`_trackedStaleCue`): STALE while
+   *  the plane coasts on dead reckoning after a missed update, SIGNAL LOST
+   *  once the coast has ended, so last-known velocity/altitude are never
+   *  presented as live. */
 
   function _trackedLabelText(icao24) {
     const info = flightState.records.data.get(icao24);
@@ -765,10 +958,7 @@ export function createTracking({
     const spd = info.velocity
       ? quantity(Math.round(info.velocity * 1.944), 'kts')
       : '';
-    const stale =
-      flightState.records.missingPolls.get(icao24) || flightState.feed._backoff
-        ? t('STALE')
-        : '';
+    const stale = _trackedStaleCue(icao24).text;
     const lines = [[cs, fl, spd, stale].filter(Boolean).join(' · ')];
     // Converted contacts report their class as TR-3B and nothing else — the
     // operator/type identity is exactly what the Easter egg is replacing.
@@ -967,15 +1157,9 @@ export function createTracking({
           CLASS_SCALE_2D[
             flightState.records.data.get(flightState._trackedIcao)?.klass
           ] || 1,
-        // Solid cyan when the billboard is the visual (zoomed out, 3D off, or model still loading);
-        // transparent once the STANDALONE tracked model is actually up (ready + shown).
-        color: new Cesium.CallbackProperty(
-          () =>
-            parts.rendering._modelOwnsVisual(flightState._trackedIcao)
-              ? CYAN_TRANSPARENT
-              : Cesium.Color.CYAN,
-          false,
-        ),
+        // Solid cyan (faded while stale) when the billboard is the visual (zoomed out, 3D off,
+        // or model still loading); transparent once the STANDALONE tracked model is actually up.
+        color: new Cesium.CallbackProperty(_trackedIconColor, false),
         sizeInMeters: false,
         scaleByDistance: new Cesium.NearFarScalar(1000, 3.0, 8000000, 0.5),
         alignedAxis: Cesium.Cartesian3.ZERO,
@@ -1257,6 +1441,7 @@ export function createTracking({
     _trackedModelRegimeActive,
     _syncTracked2dRotation,
     _appendTrailFix,
+    _trailTick,
     _refreshTrailDisplay,
     _startTrail,
     _backfillTrail,
@@ -1267,6 +1452,9 @@ export function createTracking({
     _applyPendingTrackingRestore,
     _cancelPendingTrackingRestore,
     _trackedLabelText,
+    _trackedStaleCue,
+    _trackedIconColor,
+    _staleCueTick,
     _updateTrackedLabelModel,
     _syncTrackedBillboardImage,
     _refreshTr3bContact,
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/trail.test.mjs b/src/layers/flights/trail.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..200f97db0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/flights/trail.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { createFlightState } from './state.js';
+import { createTracking } from './tracking.js';
+import { TRAIL_MAX_POINTS } from './policy.js';
+import { trailHeadJoins, trailPairBreaks } from '../../data/trailContinuity.js';
+
+const MINUTE = 60_000;
+const HOUR = 60 * MINUTE;
+const NM = 1852;
+
+function services({ trails, floor = () => null } = {}) {
+  const names = [
+    'picking',
+    'sprites',
+    'aircraftPresentation',
+    'camera',
+    'militaryRegistry',
+    'labels',
+    'meshFloor',
+    'focus',
+    'readout',
+    'context',
+    'render',
+    'recession',
+  ];
+  return {
+    ...Object.fromEntries(names.map((name) => [name, {}])),
+    groundSnap: { createGroundSnap: () => ({ clear() {} }) },
+    trails,
+    geoid: { ensureGeoidReady: async () => {}, geoidHeight: () => 0 },
+    groundFloor: {
+      resolveGroundFloorCellsBounded: async () => {},
+      cachedGroundFloor: floor,
+      floorAltitudeM: (alt, ground) =>
+        Number.isFinite(alt)
+          ? alt
+          : Number.isFinite(ground)
+            ? ground + 1
+            : null,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/** A fake trail that records every segment list it is given. */
+function recordingTrail() {
+  const calls = [];
+  return {
+    calls,
+    // What draws: a lone point is a segment with no line.
+    last: () =>
+      (calls[calls.length - 1] ?? []).filter((segment) => segment.length >= 2),
+    createTrail: () => ({
+      setSegments(segments) {
+        calls.push(segments.map((segment) => segment.slice()));
+      },
+      setPositions(positions) {
+        calls.push([positions.slice()]);
+      },
+      setVisible() {},
+      clear() {
+        calls.push([]);
+      },
+      destroy() {},
+    }),
+  };
+}
+
+function viewer() {
+  const added = [];
+  return {
+    added,
+    isDestroyed: () => false,
+    entities: {
+      add(definition) {
+        added.push(definition);
+        return definition;
+      },
+      remove() {},
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * A tracked aircraft whose live history holds `liveFixes` ({timeMs, lat, lon}),
+ * with a track endpoint answering `waypoints`.
+ */
+function trackedHarness({
+  liveFixes = [],
+  waypoints = null,
+  nowMs,
+  floor,
+  head = null,
+} = {}) {
+  const trail = recordingTrail();
+  const svc = services({ trails: trail, floor });
+  const flightState = createFlightState({
+    services: svc,
+    source: {
+      label: 'Fixture aircraft',
+      async getTrack() {
+        if (!waypoints) throw new Error('404');
+        return { records: waypoints };
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const v = viewer();
+  flightState._viewer = v;
+  flightState._trackedIcao = 'abc123';
+  flightState.now = () => nowMs;
+  flightState._positionHistory.set(
+    'abc123',
+    liveFixes.map((fix) => ({
+      time: Cesium.JulianDate.fromDate(new Date(fix.timeMs)),
+      epochMs: fix.timeMs,
+      position: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(fix.lon, fix.lat, 10_000),
+    })),
+  );
+  const tracking = createTracking({
+    flightState,
+    services: svc,
+    parts: {
+      motion: {
+        _isTrackWarmingUp: () => false,
+        _trackedTrailCached: () => head,
+        _trackedDisplayPosition: () => head,
+        _trackedModelCenterWorld: () => null,
+        _trackedModelEnvelopeM: () => null,
+      },
+    },
+    layer: {},
+  });
+  return { trail, tracking, flightState, viewer: v };
+}
+
+const settle = () => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+
+function waypoint(timeMs, lat, lon, baroAltitudeM = 10_000) {
+  return { observedAtMs: timeMs, latitude: lat, longitude: lon, baroAltitudeM };
+}
+
+/** `count` waypoints one minute apart flying east at ~420 kt from (lat, lon). */
+function leg(startMs, lat, lon, count) {
+  return Array.from({ length: count }, (_, i) =>
+    waypoint(startMs + i * MINUTE, lat, lon + i * 0.12),
+  );
+}
+
+function headPositions(v) {
+  const entity = v.added.find((definition) =>
+    String(definition.id).startsWith('gev-trail:fl-head-'),
+  );
+  return entity.polyline.positions.getValue();
+}
+
+test('a pair 40 minutes and 300 km apart stays joined', () => {
+  assert.equal(trailPairBreaks(40 * MINUTE, 300_000), false);
+});
+
+test('a pair 1 minute and 200 km apart breaks: faster than 1,500 kt', () => {
+  assert.equal(trailPairBreaks(MINUTE, 200_000), true);
+});
+
+test('a gap longer than 48 minutes breaks, and time that does not advance breaks', () => {
+  assert.equal(trailPairBreaks(49 * MINUTE, 10_000), true);
+  assert.equal(trailPairBreaks(48 * MINUTE, 10_000), false);
+  assert.equal(trailPairBreaks(0, 0), true);
+  assert.equal(trailPairBreaks(-MINUTE, 100), true);
+});
+
+test('a parked aircraft two hours apart within 0.1 nm stays joined', () => {
+  assert.equal(trailPairBreaks(2 * HOUR, 0.09 * NM), false);
+  assert.equal(trailPairBreaks(3 * HOUR + MINUTE, 0.09 * NM), true);
+  assert.equal(trailPairBreaks(2 * HOUR, 0.2 * NM), true);
+});
+
+test('the head joins within 150 km under the time and speed test', () => {
+  assert.equal(trailHeadJoins(30_000, 5_000), true);
+  assert.equal(trailHeadJoins(30 * MINUTE, 151_000), false);
+  assert.equal(trailHeadJoins(HOUR, 5_000), false);
+});
+
+test('a backfill with gaps of 10 h, 2 h, 1.2 h and 6.5 h draws five segments and no line across a gap', async () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 8, 0, 0);
+  const legs = [];
+  let start = t0;
+  const gaps = [10 * HOUR, 2 * HOUR, 1.2 * HOUR, 6.5 * HOUR];
+  const anchors = [
+    [30, 31],
+    [12, 0],
+    [14, -15],
+    [20, -40],
+    [35, -75],
+  ];
+  for (let i = 0; i < anchors.length; i++) {
+    const points = leg(start, anchors[i][0], anchors[i][1], 6);
+    legs.push(points);
+    start = points[points.length - 1].observedAtMs + (gaps[i] ?? 0);
+  }
+  const waypoints = legs.flat();
+  const lastLeg = legs[legs.length - 1];
+  const liveStart = lastLeg[lastLeg.length - 1].observedAtMs + MINUTE;
+  const liveFixes = [0, 1, 2].map((i) => ({
+    timeMs: liveStart + i * MINUTE,
+    lat: 35,
+    lon: -75 + 0.72 + i * 0.12,
+  }));
+  const nowMs = liveStart + 3 * MINUTE;
+  const { trail, tracking, flightState } = trackedHarness({
+    liveFixes,
+    waypoints,
+    nowMs,
+  });
+  tracking._startTrail('abc123');
+  await settle();
+
+  assert.equal(flightState._trailFixes.length, waypoints.length + 3);
+  const segments = trail.last();
+  assert.equal(segments.length, 5);
+  const bodyCount = segments.reduce((sum, segment) => sum + segment.length, 0);
+  // The body draws every fix at or before the display time: all of them here.
+  assert.equal(bodyCount, waypoints.length + 3);
+  for (const [index, segment] of segments.entries()) {
+    const expected = legs[index].map((point) =>
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(point.longitude, point.latitude, 10_000),
+    );
+    for (const position of segment.slice(0, expected.length)) {
+      assert.ok(
+        expected.some((e) => Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(e, position) < 1),
+        `segment ${index} holds a point from another leg`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+test('a null-altitude waypoint breaks the line, and nothing is drawn at 10 km', async () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 8, 0, 0);
+  const waypoints = leg(t0, 40, 10, 6);
+  waypoints[3] = waypoint(waypoints[3].observedAtMs, 40, 10.36, null);
+  const nowMs = t0 + 8 * MINUTE;
+  const liveFixes = [
+    { timeMs: t0 + 6 * MINUTE, lat: 40, lon: 10.72 },
+    { timeMs: t0 + 7 * MINUTE, lat: 40, lon: 10.84 },
+  ];
+
+  // Unknown floor: the null point is skipped, and the line still breaks there.
+  const skipped = trackedHarness({ liveFixes, waypoints, nowMs });
+  skipped.tracking._startTrail('abc123');
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(
+    skipped.flightState._trailFixes.length,
+    waypoints.length - 1 + 2,
+  );
+  const segments = skipped.trail.last();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    segments.map((segment) => segment.length),
+    [3, 4],
+  );
+  for (const segment of segments) {
+    for (const position of segment) {
+      const height = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(position).height;
+      assert.ok(Math.abs(height - 10_000) < 1, 'only real altitudes drawn');
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Known floor: the point is kept on the ground, alone, joined to nothing.
+  const grounded = trackedHarness({
+    liveFixes,
+    waypoints,
+    nowMs,
+    floor: () => 120,
+  });
+  grounded.tracking._startTrail('abc123');
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(grounded.flightState._trailFixes.length, waypoints.length + 2);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    grounded.trail.last().map((segment) => segment.length),
+    [3, 4],
+  );
+  const kept = grounded.flightState._trailFixes[3];
+  assert.ok(
+    Math.abs(Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(kept.position).height - 121) < 1,
+  );
+});
+
+test('a history tail far from the first live fix does not connect to it', async () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 8, 0, 0);
+  // History ends 20 minutes before the first live fix, 1,400 km away.
+  const waypoints = leg(t0, 50, 0, 5);
+  const liveStart = t0 + 24 * MINUTE;
+  const liveFixes = [0, 1, 2].map((i) => ({
+    timeMs: liveStart + i * MINUTE,
+    lat: 50,
+    lon: 20 + i * 0.12,
+  }));
+  const { trail, tracking } = trackedHarness({
+    liveFixes,
+    waypoints,
+    nowMs: liveStart + 3 * MINUTE,
+  });
+  tracking._startTrail('abc123');
+  await settle();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    trail.last().map((segment) => segment.length),
+    [5, 3],
+  );
+});
+
+test('the head is drawn to a nearby aircraft and not to one more than 150 km away', () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 8, 0, 0);
+  const liveFixes = [0, 1, 2].map((i) => ({
+    timeMs: t0 + i * MINUTE,
+    lat: 50,
+    lon: 1 + i * 0.12,
+  }));
+  const near = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(1.3, 50, 10_000);
+  const joined = trackedHarness({
+    liveFixes,
+    nowMs: t0 + 3 * MINUTE,
+    head: near,
+  });
+  joined.tracking._startTrail('abc123');
+  const drawn = headPositions(joined.viewer);
+  assert.equal(drawn.length, 2);
+  assert.ok(Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(drawn[1], near) < 1e-6);
+
+  const far = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(4, 50, 10_000);
+  const detached = trackedHarness({
+    liveFixes,
+    nowMs: t0 + 3 * MINUTE,
+    head: far,
+  });
+  detached.tracking._startTrail('abc123');
+  assert.deepEqual(headPositions(detached.viewer), []);
+
+  // An hour without a fix: the head no longer joins the last body point.
+  const stale = trackedHarness({ liveFixes, nowMs: t0 + HOUR, head: near });
+  stale.tracking._startTrail('abc123');
+  assert.deepEqual(headPositions(stale.viewer), []);
+});
+
+test('a live fix after a one-hour feed gap starts a new segment', () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 8, 0, 0);
+  const liveFixes = [0, 1, 2].map((i) => ({
+    timeMs: t0 + i * MINUTE,
+    lat: 50,
+    lon: 1 + i * 0.12,
+  }));
+  const { trail, tracking, flightState } = trackedHarness({
+    liveFixes,
+    nowMs: t0 + 3 * MINUTE,
+  });
+  tracking._startTrail('abc123');
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    trail.last().map((segment) => segment.length),
+    [3],
+  );
+  const later = t0 + 2 * MINUTE + HOUR;
+  // The display time moves past the new fixes.
+  flightState.now = () => later + 3 * MINUTE;
+  for (const [i, lon] of [3, 3.12, 3.24].entries()) {
+    tracking._appendTrailFix(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lon, 50, 10_000),
+      later + i * MINUTE,
+    );
+  }
+  assert.equal(flightState._trailFixes.length, 6);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    trail.last().map((segment) => segment.length),
+    [3, 3],
+  );
+});
+
+test('every waypoint of a 24 h history survives, and the trail stays within TRAIL_MAX_POINTS', async () => {
+  // A full day at one fix per minute.
+  const day = 24 * 60;
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 8, 0, 0);
+  const full = leg(t0, 10, -100, day);
+  const liveStart = t0 + day * MINUTE;
+  const liveFixes = [{ timeMs: liveStart, lat: 10, lon: -100 + day * 0.12 }];
+  const kept = trackedHarness({
+    liveFixes,
+    waypoints: full,
+    nowMs: liveStart + MINUTE,
+  });
+  kept.tracking._startTrail('abc123');
+  await settle();
+  assert.ok(TRAIL_MAX_POINTS >= day + 500);
+  assert.equal(kept.flightState._trailFixes.length, full.length + 1);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    kept.trail.last().map((segment) => segment.length),
+    [day + 1],
+  );
+
+  const count = TRAIL_MAX_POINTS + 120;
+  const large = leg(
+    liveStart - count * MINUTE,
+    10,
+    -100 + (day - count) * 0.12,
+    count,
+  );
+  const capped = trackedHarness({
+    liveFixes,
+    waypoints: large,
+    nowMs: liveStart + MINUTE,
+  });
+  capped.tracking._startTrail('abc123');
+  await settle();
+  const fixes = capped.flightState._trailFixes;
+  assert.equal(fixes.length, TRAIL_MAX_POINTS);
+  // The oldest go first: the newest live fix is still the last point.
+  assert.equal(fixes[fixes.length - 1].timeMs, liveStart);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/trailRecord.test.mjs b/src/layers/flights/trailRecord.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3dd5a6bdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/flights/trailRecord.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,846 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { createMotion } from './motion.js';
+import { createFlightState } from './state.js';
+import { createTracking } from './tracking.js';
+import { RENDER_DELAY_SEC, STALE_ALPHA } from './policy.js';
+
+// Between reports, a tracked trail is the path the icon was actually drawn
+// along: the real display position, recorded as the frames go by. These tests
+// drive the real motion and display path frame by frame.
+
+const SEC = 1000;
+const ICAO = '00a001';
+const T0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 21, 0);
+
+function fix(timeMs, lat, lon, heightM, velocity, track) {
+  return {
+    time: Cesium.JulianDate.fromDate(new Date(timeMs)),
+    epochMs: timeMs,
+    position: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lon, lat, heightM),
+    velocity,
+    track,
+  };
+}
+
+function services(trail, ground) {
+  const names = [
+    'picking',
+    'sprites',
+    'aircraftPresentation',
+    'camera',
+    'militaryRegistry',
+    'labels',
+    'meshFloor',
+    'focus',
+    'readout',
+    'context',
+    'render',
+    'recession',
+  ];
+  return {
+    ...Object.fromEntries(names.map((name) => [name, {}])),
+    aircraftPresentation: {
+      isTr3b: () => false,
+      tr3bTypeLabel: (id, label) => label,
+    },
+    focus: {
+      nearFarScalarValueAtDistance: () => 1,
+      clearFocusTarget() {},
+      publishFocusTargetFromCachedPosition() {},
+    },
+    groundSnap: { createGroundSnap: () => ({ clear() {} }) },
+    trails: trail,
+    geoid: { ensureGeoidReady: async () => {}, geoidHeight: () => 0 },
+    groundFloor: {
+      resolveGroundFloorCellsBounded: async () => {},
+      cachedGroundFloor: ground,
+      stickyFloorCell: (lat, lon) => ({ lat, lon }),
+      neighborFloorM: () => null,
+      floorAltitudeM: (alt, g) =>
+        Number.isFinite(g) && Number.isFinite(alt)
+          ? Math.max(alt, g + 1.5)
+          : alt,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Real motion, real display position and real tracking over one contact.
+ * `frame()` runs one rendered frame: the layer's preRender work, then the
+ * head callback, as Cesium does.
+ */
+function harness({
+  fixes,
+  info,
+  nowMs,
+  ground = () => null,
+  envelopeM = null,
+}) {
+  const segmentsCalls = [];
+  let inHead = false;
+  const trail = {
+    createTrail: () => ({
+      setSegments(segments) {
+        assert.ok(
+          !inHead,
+          'the trail body was rebuilt inside the head callback',
+        );
+        segmentsCalls.push(segments.map((segment) => segment.slice()));
+      },
+      setPositions(positions) {
+        assert.ok(
+          !inHead,
+          'the trail body was rebuilt inside the head callback',
+        );
+        segmentsCalls.push([positions.slice()]);
+      },
+      setVisible() {},
+      clear() {},
+      destroy() {},
+    }),
+  };
+  const svc = services(trail, ground);
+  const flightState = createFlightState({
+    services: svc,
+    source: { label: 'Fixture aircraft' },
+  });
+  flightState.records.data.set(ICAO, info);
+  let frameNumber = 0;
+  const added = [];
+  let entityChanges = 0;
+  flightState._viewer = {
+    isDestroyed: () => false,
+    scene: {
+      frameState: {
+        get frameNumber() {
+          return frameNumber;
+        },
+      },
+    },
+    entities: {
+      add(definition) {
+        entityChanges += 1;
+        added.push(definition);
+        return definition;
+      },
+      remove() {
+        entityChanges += 1;
+      },
+    },
+  };
+  flightState._trackedIcao = ICAO;
+  let clock = nowMs;
+  flightState.now = () => clock;
+  flightState._positionHistory.set(ICAO, fixes);
+  const parts = {
+    rendering: { _modelOwnsVisual: () => false, _modelSpec: () => ({}) },
+    queries: { _contactLabel: (id, info) => info?.callsign || id },
+  };
+  parts.motion = createMotion({ flightState, services: svc, parts });
+  if (envelopeM != null) {
+    // A 3D model is the visual: its centre is the drawn position.
+    parts.motion._trackedModelCenterWorld = () =>
+      parts.motion._trackedDisplayCached();
+    parts.motion._trackedModelEnvelopeM = () => envelopeM;
+  }
+  const tracking = createTracking({
+    flightState,
+    services: svc,
+    parts,
+    layer: {},
+  });
+  parts.tracking = tracking;
+  const realDateNow = Date.now;
+  Date.now = () => clock;
+  const headEntity = () =>
+    added.find((definition) =>
+      String(definition.id).startsWith('gev-trail:fl-head-'),
+    );
+  const head = () => {
+    const before = entityChanges;
+    inHead = true;
+    try {
+      return headEntity().polyline.positions.getValue();
+    } finally {
+      inHead = false;
+      assert.equal(
+        entityChanges,
+        before,
+        'the head callback added or removed an entity',
+      );
+    }
+  };
+  /** Drawn icon positions, one per frame. */
+  const drawn = [];
+  const frame = ({ readHead = true } = {}) => {
+    frameNumber += 1;
+    tracking._trailTick();
+    const icon = parts.motion._trackedDisplayPosition(ICAO);
+    if (icon) drawn.push(Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(icon));
+    if (readHead) head();
+  };
+  const run = (toMs, { frameMs = 100, readHead = true } = {}) => {
+    while (clock < toMs) {
+      clock = Math.min(toMs, clock + frameMs);
+      frame({ readHead });
+    }
+  };
+  return {
+    flightState,
+    tracking,
+    motion: parts.motion,
+    head,
+    drawn,
+    run,
+    body: () => segmentsCalls.at(-1) ?? [],
+    bodyPoints: () => (segmentsCalls.at(-1) ?? []).flat(),
+    restore: () => {
+      Date.now = realDateNow;
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/** Distance from p to the nearest point of a polyline. */
+function distanceToPath(p, path) {
+  let best = Infinity;
+  const ab = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+  const ap = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+  const closest = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+  if (path.length === 1) return Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(p, path[0]);
+  for (let i = 1; i < path.length; i++) {
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(path[i], path[i - 1], ab);
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(p, path[i - 1], ap);
+    const len2 = Cesium.Cartesian3.magnitudeSquared(ab);
+    const t =
+      len2 > 0
+        ? Math.max(0, Math.min(1, Cesium.Cartesian3.dot(ap, ab) / len2))
+        : 0;
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.add(
+      path[i - 1],
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(ab, t, closest),
+      closest,
+    );
+    best = Math.min(best, Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(p, closest));
+  }
+  return best;
+}
+
+/** No vertex turns the line back sharper than 120° over a short step. */
+function assertNoSpur(line, label) {
+  const u = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+  const v = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+  for (let i = 1; i < line.length - 1; i++) {
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(line[i], line[i - 1], u);
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(line[i + 1], line[i], v);
+    const lu = Cesium.Cartesian3.magnitude(u);
+    const lv = Cesium.Cartesian3.magnitude(v);
+    if (!(lu > 0 && lv > 0) || Math.min(lu, lv) > 500) continue;
+    const cos = Cesium.Cartesian3.dot(u, v) / (lu * lv);
+    assert.ok(
+      cos >= -0.5,
+      `${label}: spur at vertex ${i} of ${line.length} (turn ${(
+        (Math.acos(cos) * 180) /
+        Math.PI
+      ).toFixed(0)}°)`,
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+const indexOfPoint = (line, p) =>
+  line.findIndex((q) => Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(p, q) < 0.01);
+
+// A departing jet: four northbound climb reports, then a left turn through
+// west to south with no report while the icon flies it.
+function departure() {
+  const fixes = [
+    fix(T0, 37.6329, -122.3661, 213, 85, 8),
+    fix(T0 + 30 * SEC, 37.6542, -122.3616, 495, 95, 0),
+    fix(T0 + 60 * SEC, 37.6813, -122.3615, 808, 104, 350),
+    fix(T0 + 90 * SEC, 37.7066, -122.3755, 1257, 112, 340),
+  ];
+  const info = {
+    altitude: 1257,
+    renderAltitudeM: 1257,
+    rawLat: 37.7066,
+    rawLon: -122.3755,
+    velocity: 112,
+    true_track: 340,
+    turnRateDps: -2,
+    onGround: false,
+    wasAirborne: true,
+    lastContactEpochMs: T0 + 200 * SEC,
+  };
+  return { fixes, info };
+}
+
+test('a report newer than the display time arrives mid-turn: the trail between the two reports stays on the drawn arc', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = departure();
+  const start = T0 + 90 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC;
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: start });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    // 40 s of turn with no new report: the icon flies the arc.
+    h.run(start + 40 * SEC);
+    const arc = h.drawn.slice();
+    // The next report is where the plane really was 60 s after the last one,
+    // still ahead of the display time (normal 30 s delay, slow feed). The icon
+    // now interpolates the straight line between the two reports and is eased
+    // onto it.
+    const at60 = h.motion._deadReckon(
+      ICAO,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+      Cesium.JulianDate.fromDate(new Date(T0 + 150 * SEC)),
+    );
+    const c = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(at60);
+    const report = fix(
+      T0 + 150 * SEC,
+      Cesium.Math.toDegrees(c.latitude),
+      Cesium.Math.toDegrees(c.longitude),
+      c.height,
+      112,
+      220,
+    );
+    fixes.push(report);
+    info.true_track = 220;
+    h.tracking._appendTrailFix(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(report.position),
+      report.epochMs,
+    );
+    // The display passes the new report.
+    h.run(start + 75 * SEC);
+    const line = h.bodyPoints();
+    const from = indexOfPoint(line, fixes[3].position);
+    const to = indexOfPoint(line, report.position);
+    assert.ok(from >= 0 && to > from, 'both reports are on the trail');
+    const between = line.slice(from, to + 1);
+    // Every vertex between the reports is where the icon was drawn...
+    const drawnPath = [fixes[3].position, ...h.drawn, report.position];
+    for (const vertex of between) {
+      const off = distanceToPath(vertex, drawnPath);
+      assert.ok(
+        off < 50,
+        `trail vertex ${off.toFixed(0)} m off the drawn path`,
+      );
+    }
+    // ...and the arc the icon flew is still there: no straight chord. (The
+    // arc strays far from the chord, so a chord would fail this.)
+    const chord = [fixes[3].position, report.position];
+    assert.ok(Math.max(...arc.map((p) => distanceToPath(p, chord))) > 300);
+    // The last 10 s of the arc are exempt: the correction pulled the icon back
+    // over them, and keeping them would fold the line back on itself.
+    for (const point of arc.slice(0, -100)) {
+      const off = distanceToPath(point, between);
+      assert.ok(off < 50, `drawn arc point ${off.toFixed(0)} m from the trail`);
+    }
+    assertNoSpur(line, 'trail');
+    assertNoSpur(h.head(), 'head');
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('a fresh report after a hold resumes with no backward spur', () => {
+  const fixes = [0, 1, 2, 3].map((i) =>
+    fix(T0 + i * 15 * SEC, 40, -100 + i * 0.04, 10_000, 230, 90),
+  );
+  const info = {
+    altitude: 10_000,
+    renderAltitudeM: 10_000,
+    rawLat: 40,
+    rawLon: -100 + 0.12,
+    velocity: 230,
+    true_track: 90,
+    turnRateDps: 0,
+    onGround: false,
+    wasAirborne: true,
+    lastContactEpochMs: T0 + 45 * SEC,
+  };
+  const start = T0 + 45 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC;
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: start });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    // The contact coasts five minutes, then holds; recording stops while it
+    // holds.
+    h.run(start + 320 * SEC);
+    const held = h.bodyPoints().length;
+    h.run(start + 360 * SEC);
+    assert.equal(h.bodyPoints().length, held, 'the trail grew during a hold');
+    // A fresh report, a little north of the track, ahead of the display.
+    const display = start + 360 * SEC - RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC;
+    // Just past where it held: five minutes and ten seconds at 230 m/s.
+    const aheadDeg = (230 * 310) / (111_320 * Math.cos((40 * Math.PI) / 180));
+    const fresh = fix(
+      display + 10 * SEC,
+      40.01,
+      -100 + 0.12 + aheadDeg,
+      10_000,
+      230,
+      80,
+    );
+    fixes.push(fresh);
+    info.lastContactEpochMs = fresh.epochMs;
+    h.tracking._appendTrailFix(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(fresh.position),
+      fresh.epochMs,
+    );
+    h.run(start + 390 * SEC);
+    assertNoSpur(h.bodyPoints(), 'trail');
+    assertNoSpur(h.head(), 'head');
+    assert.ok(indexOfPoint(h.bodyPoints(), fresh.position) >= 0);
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('with the head hidden the body keeps advancing, and untracking clears the recording', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = departure();
+  const start = T0 + 90 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC;
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: start });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    h.run(start + 5 * SEC);
+    const before = h.bodyPoints().at(-1);
+    // Cockpit view: the head is hidden and its callback never runs.
+    h.run(start + 30 * SEC, { readHead: false });
+    // The body's end keeps following the icon; straight stretches are thinned.
+    const end = h.bodyPoints().at(-1);
+    assert.ok(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(end, before) > 1_000,
+      'the body stopped advancing',
+    );
+    assert.ok(Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(end, h.drawn.at(-1)) < 300);
+    h.tracking._clearTrail();
+    assert.equal(h.flightState._trailFixes.length, 0);
+    // A new track of the same plane starts from reports only.
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    assert.equal(
+      h.flightState._trailFixes.filter((entry) => entry.drawn).length,
+      0,
+    );
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('a live fix with no altitude breaks the line and puts no point at an invented height', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = departure();
+  const start = T0 + 90 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC;
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: start });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    const invented = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-122.38, 37.71, 10_000);
+    h.tracking._appendTrailFix(invented, T0 + 95 * SEC, { nullAltitude: true });
+    const later = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-122.39, 37.715, 1400);
+    h.tracking._appendTrailFix(later, T0 + 100 * SEC);
+    h.run(T0 + 100 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC + SEC, { frameMs: 500 });
+    for (const point of h.bodyPoints())
+      assert.ok(Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(point).height < 5_000);
+    // The reports on either side of it are not joined.
+    const segments = h.body();
+    const holding = (p) =>
+      segments.findIndex((segment) =>
+        segment.some((q) => Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(p, q) < 0.01),
+      );
+    assert.notEqual(holding(fixes[3].position), holding(later));
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('with a 3D model as the visual, the trail stops outside the model and the head runs from there to the plane', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = departure();
+  info.turnRateDps = 0;
+  const start = T0 + 90 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC;
+  const envelopeM = 300;
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: start, envelopeM });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    h.run(start + 30 * SEC);
+    const icon = h.drawn.at(-1);
+    const body = h.bodyPoints();
+    const head = h.head();
+    assert.ok(head.length >= 2, 'no head is drawn');
+    assert.ok(Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(head.at(-1), icon) < 0.01);
+    // No trail point inside the model, and the head starts where the body ends.
+    for (const point of body)
+      assert.ok(Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(point, icon) >= envelopeM - 1);
+    assert.ok(Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(head[0], body.at(-1)) < 0.01);
+    // Body and head together follow where the icon was drawn.
+    const line = body.concat(head);
+    for (const point of h.drawn) {
+      const off = distanceToPath(point, line);
+      assert.ok(off < 35, `drawn icon ${off.toFixed(0)} m off the trail`);
+    }
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('a report the display already passed replaces the guess drawn after it, with no spike', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = departure();
+  const start = T0 + 90 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC;
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: start });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    h.run(start + 40 * SEC);
+    const displayMs = T0 + 130 * SEC;
+    // A report for 10 s before the display time, 400 m inside the drawn arc.
+    const guess = h.motion._deadReckon(
+      ICAO,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+      Cesium.JulianDate.fromDate(new Date(T0 + 120 * SEC)),
+    );
+    const c = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(guess);
+    const report = fix(
+      T0 + 120 * SEC,
+      Cesium.Math.toDegrees(c.latitude) - 400 / 111_320,
+      Cesium.Math.toDegrees(c.longitude),
+      c.height,
+      112,
+      250,
+    );
+    fixes.push(report);
+    info.true_track = 250;
+    h.tracking._appendTrailFix(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(report.position),
+      report.epochMs,
+    );
+    h.run(start + 55 * SEC);
+    const recorded = h.flightState._trailFixes.filter((entry) => entry.drawn);
+    // Nothing recorded between the report and the end of the ease.
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      recorded
+        .filter(
+          (entry) =>
+            entry.timeMs > report.epochMs && entry.timeMs < displayMs + 900,
+        )
+        .map((entry) => entry.timeMs - T0),
+      [],
+    );
+    const line = h.bodyPoints();
+    assert.ok(indexOfPoint(line, report.position) >= 0);
+    assertNoSpur(line, 'trail');
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('a history report at an invented height is seeded with no position, and nothing is recorded next to it', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = departure();
+  fixes[3].inventedHeight = true;
+  const start = T0 + 90 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC;
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: start });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    const seeded = h.flightState._trailFixes.find(
+      (entry) => entry.timeMs === fixes[3].epochMs,
+    );
+    assert.equal(seeded.position, null);
+    assert.equal(seeded.nullAltitude, true);
+    h.run(start + 10 * SEC);
+    assert.equal(
+      h.flightState._trailFixes.filter((entry) => entry.drawn).length,
+      0,
+    );
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+// A turboprop at FL210 flying east out of receiver coverage: its last
+// position is at T0 + 30 s, and contact goes on for four more minutes.
+function outOfCoverage() {
+  const fixes = [
+    fix(T0, 43, -108.1, 6_400, 140, 90),
+    fix(T0 + 30 * SEC, 43, -108.05, 6_400, 140, 90),
+  ];
+  const info = {
+    altitude: 6_400,
+    renderAltitudeM: 6_400,
+    rawLat: 43,
+    rawLon: -108.05,
+    velocity: 140,
+    true_track: 90,
+    callsign: 'TEST7',
+    turnRateDps: 0,
+    onGround: false,
+    wasAirborne: true,
+    lastContactEpochMs: T0 + 30 * SEC + 240 * SEC,
+  };
+  return { fixes, info };
+}
+
+/** Display time (ms) `afterSec` past the last report. */
+const pastReport = (afterSec) =>
+  T0 + 30 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC + afterSec * SEC;
+
+test('a plane that stops reporting keeps moving dimmed as STALE from its first missed update, then stops as SIGNAL LOST', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = outOfCoverage();
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: pastReport(-5) });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    h.run(pastReport(30));
+    assert.deepEqual(h.tracking._trackedStaleCue(ICAO), {
+      text: '',
+      dimmed: false,
+    });
+    assert.equal(h.tracking._trackedIconColor().alpha, 1);
+    // The first missed update.
+    h.flightState.records.missingPolls.set(ICAO, 1);
+    assert.deepEqual(h.tracking._trackedStaleCue(ICAO), {
+      text: 'STALE',
+      dimmed: true,
+    });
+    assert.match(h.tracking._trackedLabelText(ICAO), /STALE/);
+    // Drawn with the fleet's stale fade.
+    assert.equal(h.tracking._trackedIconColor().alpha, STALE_ALPHA);
+    // Still moving well past 90 s.
+    h.run(pastReport(200));
+    assert.ok(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(h.drawn.at(-1), h.drawn.at(-11)) > 100,
+    );
+    // The coast ends 300 s past the report; the plane stops there.
+    h.run(pastReport(310));
+    const recorded = h.flightState._trailFixes.filter((e) => e.drawn).length;
+    h.run(pastReport(330));
+    assert.ok(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(h.drawn.at(-1), h.drawn.at(-50)) < 0.01,
+    );
+    assert.equal(
+      h.flightState._trailFixes.filter((e) => e.drawn).length,
+      recorded,
+      'the trail kept recording a stopped plane',
+    );
+    // 330 s of display past the report is 330 s + the display delay of wall time.
+    const minutes = Math.floor((330 + RENDER_DELAY_SEC) / 60);
+    assert.deepEqual(h.tracking._trackedStaleCue(ICAO), {
+      text: `SIGNAL LOST · ${minutes} min`,
+      dimmed: true,
+    });
+    assert.match(
+      h.tracking._trackedLabelText(ICAO),
+      new RegExp(`SIGNAL LOST · ${minutes} min`),
+    );
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('a plane held at its last report shows SIGNAL LOST in seconds under a minute', () => {
+  // Its last report is 100 m above a known ground height: it holds there.
+  const { fixes, info } = outOfCoverage();
+  const h = harness({
+    fixes,
+    info,
+    nowMs: pastReport(-5),
+    ground: () => 6_300,
+  });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    h.flightState.records.missingPolls.set(ICAO, 1);
+    h.run(pastReport(10));
+    assert.ok(10 + RENDER_DELAY_SEC < 60);
+    assert.deepEqual(h.tracking._trackedStaleCue(ICAO), {
+      text: `SIGNAL LOST · ${10 + RENDER_DELAY_SEC} s`,
+      dimmed: true,
+    });
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('a report arriving 200 s into a coast: the plane eases onto it and the trail drops what was drawn after it', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = outOfCoverage();
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: pastReport(-5) });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    h.run(pastReport(200));
+    // Heard again: the report is for 10 s before the display time, 2 km north
+    // of where the coast put it.
+    const at = T0 + 30 * SEC + 190 * SEC;
+    const guess = h.motion._deadReckon(
+      ICAO,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+      Cesium.JulianDate.fromDate(new Date(at)),
+    );
+    const c = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(guess);
+    const report = fix(
+      at,
+      Cesium.Math.toDegrees(c.latitude) + 2_000 / 111_320,
+      Cesium.Math.toDegrees(c.longitude),
+      c.height,
+      140,
+      90,
+    );
+    fixes.push(report);
+    h.tracking._appendTrailFix(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(report.position),
+      report.epochMs,
+    );
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      h.flightState._trailFixes.filter(
+        (e) => e.drawn && e.timeMs > report.epochMs,
+      ),
+      [],
+    );
+    const from = h.drawn.length;
+    h.run(pastReport(203));
+    const after = h.drawn.slice(from - 1);
+    for (let i = 1; i < after.length; i++)
+      assert.ok(
+        Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(after[i], after[i - 1]) < 400,
+        'the plane jumped instead of easing',
+      );
+    // Eased onto the path from the report: 13 s on from it at 140 m/s.
+    const off = Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(after.at(-1), report.position);
+    assert.ok(
+      Math.abs(off - 140 * 13) < 150,
+      `${off.toFixed(0)} m from the report`,
+    );
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('a tracked plane that stops reporting: STALE from the first missed poll, SIGNAL LOST after the five-minute coast, kept at 9 min, removed at 10 min', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = outOfCoverage();
+  const fixMs = fixes.at(-1).epochMs;
+  // Contact stops with the position: the plane left coverage.
+  info.lastContactEpochMs = fixMs;
+  info.newestFixMs = fixMs;
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: fixMs + 5 * SEC });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    const records = h.flightState.records;
+    const polls = new Map();
+    let removedAtSec = null;
+    // A poll every 10 s that lists the plane without a position.
+    for (let afterSec = 10; afterSec <= 660; afterSec += 10) {
+      h.run(fixMs + afterSec * SEC, { frameMs: 500, readHead: false });
+      const result = records.absence(ICAO, {
+        complete: true,
+        retainIds: new Set([ICAO]),
+        likelyLanded: false,
+        tracked: true,
+      });
+      if (result === 'remove') {
+        removedAtSec = afterSec;
+        break;
+      }
+      polls.set(afterSec, {
+        cue: h.tracking._trackedStaleCue(ICAO),
+        drawn: Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(h.drawn.at(-1)),
+      });
+    }
+    // Wall time when the display reaches the end of the coast.
+    const coastEndSec = 300 + RENDER_DELAY_SEC;
+    for (const [afterSec, { cue }] of polls) {
+      if (afterSec <= coastEndSec) {
+        assert.deepEqual(cue, { text: 'STALE', dimmed: true }, `${afterSec} s`);
+      } else {
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          cue,
+          {
+            text: `SIGNAL LOST · ${Math.floor(afterSec / 60)} min`,
+            dimmed: true,
+          },
+          `${afterSec} s`,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+    const moved = (a, b) =>
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(polls.get(a).drawn, polls.get(b).drawn);
+    // Moving through the coast, still at its last speed at four minutes.
+    assert.ok(Math.abs(moved(230, 240) - 140 * 10) < 20);
+    // Stopped once the coast has ended.
+    const after = Math.ceil(coastEndSec / 10) * 10;
+    assert.ok(moved(after, 540) < 0.01);
+    assert.equal(polls.get(300).cue.text, 'STALE');
+    assert.deepEqual(polls.get(540).cue, {
+      text: 'SIGNAL LOST · 9 min',
+      dimmed: true,
+    });
+    assert.equal(removedAtSec, 600);
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('a repeated old fix counts as a missed update for the tracked plane', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = outOfCoverage();
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: pastReport(-5) });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    h.run(pastReport(-2));
+    assert.deepEqual(h.tracking._trackedStaleCue(ICAO), {
+      text: '',
+      dimmed: false,
+    });
+    // The feed re-sends the last position: its fix time did not advance.
+    h.flightState.records.fixRepeated.add(ICAO);
+    assert.deepEqual(h.tracking._trackedStaleCue(ICAO), {
+      text: 'STALE',
+      dimmed: true,
+    });
+    assert.equal(h.tracking._trackedIconColor().alpha, STALE_ALPHA);
+    assert.equal(h.flightState.records.missingPolls.has(ICAO), false);
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('a report arriving after the plane has stopped: it eases in with no spur, and the trail keeps everything up to the stop', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = outOfCoverage();
+  info.lastContactEpochMs = fixes.at(-1).epochMs;
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: pastReport(-5) });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    h.run(pastReport(360));
+    const stop = Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(h.drawn.at(-1));
+    assert.ok(Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(stop, h.drawn.at(-100)) < 0.01);
+    const kept = h.flightState._trailFixes
+      .filter((e) => e.drawn)
+      .map((e) => Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(e.position));
+    // The thinned straight coast, recorded up to where the plane stopped.
+    assert.ok(kept.length >= 2);
+    assert.ok(Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(kept.at(-1), stop) < 300);
+    // Heard again, for 20 s before the display time: the plane flew on, a
+    // little north of its old heading.
+    const at = T0 + 30 * SEC + 340 * SEC;
+    const lonDeg =
+      -108.05 + (140 * 340) / (111_320 * Math.cos((43 * Math.PI) / 180));
+    const report = fix(at, 43 + 1_000 / 111_320, lonDeg, 6_400, 140, 90);
+    fixes.push(report);
+    h.tracking._appendTrailFix(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(report.position),
+      report.epochMs,
+    );
+    // Nothing was recorded after the stop, so nothing is dropped.
+    const after = h.flightState._trailFixes
+      .filter((e) => e.drawn)
+      .map((e) => e.position);
+    assert.equal(after.length, kept.length);
+    kept.forEach((p, i) =>
+      assert.ok(Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(p, after[i]) < 0.01),
+    );
+    const from = h.drawn.length;
+    h.run(pastReport(365));
+    const eased = h.drawn.slice(from - 1);
+    const jump = Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(eased[0], eased.at(-1));
+    for (let i = 1; i < eased.length; i++)
+      assert.ok(
+        Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(eased[i], eased[i - 1]) < jump / 2,
+        'the plane jumped instead of easing',
+      );
+    // On the path from the report: 25 s on from it at 140 m/s.
+    const off = Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(eased.at(-1), report.position);
+    assert.ok(Math.abs(off - 140 * 25) < 150, `${off.toFixed(0)} m`);
+    assertNoSpur(h.bodyPoints(), 'trail');
+    assertNoSpur(h.head(), 'head');
+    assert.ok(indexOfPoint(h.bodyPoints(), report.position) >= 0);
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/military/motion.js b/src/layers/military/motion.js
index a13508e54..6a01e6c49 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/motion.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/motion.js
@@ -5,10 +5,14 @@ import {
   speedRamp,
   courseBetweenCartesians,
   COURSE_HOLD_SPEED_MPS,
+  floorCoastedPosition,
   staleCoastLimitSeconds,
+  staleCoastSecondsFrom,
+  staleHoldsForFix,
   arcOffsetEnu,
   courseSlewCapDps,
   limitCourseStep,
+  COAST_MAX_SPEED_MPS,
 } from '../../data/motionModel.js';
 import { CLASS_SCALE_2D } from '../../data/aircraftClass.js';
 import {
@@ -141,23 +145,86 @@ export function createMotion({
       );
     }
 
-    // Continue through fresh adsb.lol contacts even when the position epoch has
-    // not advanced, but keep an absolute stale-feed drift ceiling.
+    // Coast on the last speed and heading for five minutes past the newest
+    // fix, then stop, dimmed as SIGNAL LOST. A contact last heard on or near
+    // the ground holds there instead, and a coast never goes below the ground.
+    const { coastSec } = _coastPlan(newest, info, elapsedSec);
+    const cachedGroundFloor = services.groundFloor?.cachedGroundFloor;
+    _extrapolateFix(
+      newest,
+      info,
+      coastSec,
+      out,
+      (info && info.turnRateDps) || 0,
+    );
+    return coastSec > 0 ? floorCoastedPosition(out, cachedGroundFloor) : out;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * How far a contact coasts past its newest fix at a display time
+   * `elapsedSec` after it: up to five minutes, or not at all for a contact
+   * that holds at a report on or near the ground. The hold decision is made once
+   * per report and kept on it.
+   * @param {{epochMs?: number, time: Cesium.JulianDate}} newest
+   * @param {object|undefined} info - The contact's record.
+   * @param {number} elapsedSec
+   * @returns {{coastSec: number, holds: boolean}}
+   */
+  function _coastPlan(newest, info, elapsedSec) {
     const coastLimitSec = staleCoastLimitSeconds({
-      // Captured at poll normalization so the fleet tick does not allocate a
-      // Date for every aircraft twelve times per second.
+      // `epochMs` is captured once when the poll is normalized. Avoid allocating
+      // a Date per aircraft on every fleet tick.
       fixEpochMs: Number.isFinite(newest.epochMs)
         ? newest.epochMs
         : Cesium.JulianDate.toDate(newest.time).getTime(),
       lastContactEpochMs: info?.lastContactEpochMs,
+      // Five minutes of flight after the last report, as flights.
+      minimumSec: 300,
+      maximumSec: 300,
     });
-    return _extrapolateFix(
+    const holds = staleHoldsForFix(newest, {
+      onGround: info?.onGround,
+      cachedGroundFloor: services.groundFloor?.cachedGroundFloor,
+    });
+    return {
+      coastSec: staleCoastSecondsFrom({
+        newest,
+        elapsedSec,
+        coastLimitSec,
+        holds,
+      }),
+      holds,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Whether a contact has stopped where its coast ended (or held at its last
+   * report) with no newer report, and since when it has had none.
+   * @param {string} icao24
+   * @returns {{reportEpochMs: number, holds: boolean}|null} Null while a
+   *   report is ahead of the display time or the contact is still coasting.
+   */
+  function _signalLost(icao24) {
+    const newest = flightState._positionHistory.get(icao24)?.at(-1);
+    if (!newest) return null;
+    const newestMs = Number.isFinite(newest.epochMs)
+      ? newest.epochMs
+      : Cesium.JulianDate.toDate(newest.time).getTime();
+    const elapsedSec =
+      (flightState.now() - RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000 - newestMs) / 1000;
+    if (!(elapsedSec > 0)) return null;
+    const { coastSec, holds } = _coastPlan(
       newest,
-      info,
-      Math.min(elapsedSec, coastLimitSec),
-      out,
-      (info && info.turnRateDps) || 0,
+      flightState.records.data.get(icao24),
+      elapsedSec,
     );
+    if (!(elapsedSec > coastSec)) return null;
+    return {
+      reportEpochMs: Number.isFinite(newest.reportEpochMs)
+        ? newest.reportEpochMs
+        : newestMs,
+      holds,
+    };
   }
 
   /**
@@ -172,9 +239,12 @@ export function createMotion({
    */
 
   function _extrapolateFix(fix, info, dt, out, turnRateDps = 0) {
-    const speed = Number.isFinite(fix.velocity)
-      ? fix.velocity
-      : (info && info.speedMps) || 0;
+    const speed = Math.min(
+      Number.isFinite(fix.velocity)
+        ? fix.velocity
+        : (info && info.speedMps) || 0,
+      COAST_MAX_SPEED_MPS,
+    );
     const heading = Number.isFinite(fix.track)
       ? fix.track
       : (info && info.track) || 0;
@@ -514,6 +584,7 @@ export function createMotion({
   }
   return {
     _deadReckon,
+    _signalLost,
     _extrapolateFix,
     _isTrackWarmingUp,
     _trackedFocusSizePx,
diff --git a/src/layers/military/policy.js b/src/layers/military/policy.js
index bb1d89127..da67bc9b6 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/policy.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/policy.js
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ export const TRAIL_COLOR = '#FFB800';
 
 /** @constant {number} Combined cap on trail vertices (backfill + live accumulation). */
 
-export const TRAIL_MAX_POINTS = 400;
+export const TRAIL_MAX_POINTS = 2000;
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Render-behind smoothing (mirrors flights.js): the fleet renders at
@@ -271,3 +271,6 @@ export const TRACKED_MODEL_RETRY_BACKOFF_MS = 1500;
  *  synchronously (single primitive). */
 
 export const IR_RELOAD_BATCH = 40;
+
+/** Alpha of a contact that has missed an update or lost its signal: the stale fade, for the fleet and the tracked aircraft alike. */
+export const STALE_ALPHA = 0.45;
diff --git a/src/layers/military/recordPolicy.js b/src/layers/military/recordPolicy.js
index 18f4a488d..3a72fa8ad 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/recordPolicy.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/recordPolicy.js
@@ -6,4 +6,8 @@ export const LANDED_MISSING_POLL_LIMIT = 1;
 
 export const MISSING_POLL_LIMIT = 3;
 
+/** The tracked contact is kept this long after its newest fix: five minutes
+ *  coasting, then five stopped as SIGNAL LOST. */
+export const TRACKED_RETENTION_MS = 10 * 60_000;
+
 export const ERROR_BACKOFF_INTERVAL = 20000;
diff --git a/src/layers/military/records.js b/src/layers/military/records.js
index 7198d62da..7b48e6f8b 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/records.js
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   GROUND_FLOOR_WARM_MAX_ALT_M,
   LANDED_MISSING_POLL_LIMIT,
   MISSING_POLL_LIMIT,
+  TRACKED_RETENTION_MS,
 } from './recordPolicy.js';
 
 /** Portable military aircraft metadata and bounded missing-poll retention. */
@@ -14,9 +15,44 @@ export class MilitaryFlightRecords {
     this.services = { geoidHeight, cachedGroundFloor, floorAltitudeM };
     this.data = new Map();
     this.missingPolls = new Map();
+    // Contacts whose last poll re-sent a fix no newer than the one before.
+    this.fixRepeated = new Set();
+    this.lastSnapshotMs = null;
+    this.snapshotAdvanced = true;
     this.geoidNCache = new Map();
     this.geoidReady = false;
   }
+  /**
+   * Start reading a snapshot taken at `observedAtMs`. A fix re-sent in a
+   * newer snapshot marks its contact as not updated; the same snapshot read
+   * again does not.
+   * @param {number} observedAtMs
+   */
+  beginSnapshot(observedAtMs) {
+    this.snapshotAdvanced =
+      !Number.isFinite(observedAtMs) ||
+      !Number.isFinite(this.lastSnapshotMs) ||
+      observedAtMs > this.lastSnapshotMs;
+    if (Number.isFinite(observedAtMs))
+      this.lastSnapshotMs = Math.max(
+        this.lastSnapshotMs ?? -Infinity,
+        observedAtMs,
+      );
+  }
+
+  /** Note a received fix: the newest fix time, and whether it advanced. */
+  _noteFix(id, prevMeta, fixEpochMs) {
+    const prevFixMs = prevMeta?.newestFixMs;
+    // A fix counts as new only when it moves on by a second: feeds that
+    // derive fix time from receipt (readsb `now − seen_pos`, 0.1 s) jitter.
+    if (!Number.isFinite(prevFixMs) || fixEpochMs >= prevFixMs + 1000) {
+      this.fixRepeated.delete(id);
+      return fixEpochMs;
+    }
+    if (this.snapshotAdvanced) this.fixRepeated.add(id);
+    return prevFixMs;
+  }
+
   receive(
     aircraft,
     { observedAtMs, floorWarmPoints: _floorWarmPoints, modelOwnsVisual },
@@ -88,6 +124,10 @@ export class MilitaryFlightRecords {
     // already uses (which also carries the on-ground 0 m / last-known-baro
     // case), so the two never disagree on the "no data yet" case.
     let renderAltitudeM = pickedAltM != null ? pickedAltM : altitudeM;
+    // No altitude for an airborne contact: the height is the airborne
+    // default, invented. The tracked trail keeps no point there.
+    const renderAltitudeInvented =
+      pickedAltM == null && !onGround && aircraft.baroAltitudeM == null;
     // Field-test fix (RS46 heli-in-hillside, 2026-07-06): a baro-only
     // AIRBORNE contact near steep terrain can compute a render height
     // BELOW the local surface (no alt_geom; baro+N carries QNH error
@@ -127,9 +167,11 @@ export class MilitaryFlightRecords {
     // Sticky merge — adsb.lol intermittently drops flight/t/r/ownOp; hold
     // last-known-good (bounded by the layer's eviction, which deletes the entry).
     const stickyType = stickyText(type, prevMeta?.type);
+    const fixEpochMs = aircraft.positionTimeMs ?? observedAtMs;
     const meta = {
       sourceReference: aircraft.reference,
       observedReceiptMs: Date.now(),
+      newestFixMs: this._noteFix(icao24, prevMeta, fixEpochMs),
       callsign: stickyText(callsign, prevMeta?.callsign),
       type: stickyType,
       // Type outranks category automatically inside classifyAircraft.
@@ -146,6 +188,7 @@ export class MilitaryFlightRecords {
       // altitudeFt/baro).
       geoAltitudeM,
       renderAltitudeM,
+      renderAltitudeInvented,
       // A poll that omits track/speed holds the last values, like the civil
       // records; 0 only until one is known. A grounded row without a speed
       // reads 0, so a parked plane never coasts at its landing speed.
@@ -184,10 +227,25 @@ export class MilitaryFlightRecords {
       prevMeta,
       meta,
       groundFlipped,
-      fixEpochMs: aircraft.positionTimeMs ?? observedAtMs,
+      fixEpochMs,
     };
   }
-  absence(id, { complete, retainIds, likelyLanded }) {
+  absence(id, { complete, retainIds, likelyLanded, tracked = false }) {
+    const misses = (this.missingPolls.get(id) || 0) + 1;
+    // The tracked contact has missed an update: it is stale from the first
+    // one, and kept (so the camera keeps its target) until ten minutes after
+    // its newest fix, whatever the snapshot says. With no fix time known it
+    // takes the ordinary limits below.
+    const meta = this.data.get(id);
+    const fixMs = meta?.newestFixMs ?? meta?.observedReceiptMs;
+    if (tracked && Number.isFinite(fixMs)) {
+      if (Date.now() - fixMs < TRACKED_RETENTION_MS) {
+        this.missingPolls.set(id, misses);
+        return 'stale';
+      }
+      this.missingPolls.delete(id);
+      return 'remove';
+    }
     // Partial admissions and position-less rows do not prove absence, but
     // retention remains bounded; a likely-landed position-less contact
     // still takes the landed limit.
@@ -196,7 +254,6 @@ export class MilitaryFlightRecords {
       Date.now() - (this.data.get(id)?.observedReceiptMs ?? 0) < 300000
     )
       return 'retain';
-    const misses = (this.missingPolls.get(id) || 0) + 1;
     const limit = likelyLanded ? LANDED_MISSING_POLL_LIMIT : MISSING_POLL_LIMIT;
     if (misses < limit) {
       this.missingPolls.set(id, misses);
@@ -208,6 +265,7 @@ export class MilitaryFlightRecords {
   forget(id) {
     this.data.delete(id);
     this.missingPolls.delete(id);
+    this.fixRepeated.delete(id);
     this.geoidNCache.delete(id);
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/layers/military/records.test.mjs b/src/layers/military/records.test.mjs
index 65a3b76c9..3d72aed21 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/records.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/military/records.test.mjs
@@ -174,3 +174,98 @@ test('military records hold the last track and speed when a poll omits them', ()
   assert.equal(parked.meta.speedMps, 0);
   assert.equal(parked.meta.track, 90);
 });
+
+test('an airborne military contact reported with no altitude is marked as drawn at an invented height', () => {
+  const records = store();
+  const none = records.receive(
+    observation({ baroAltitudeM: null, ellipsoidAltitudeM: null }),
+    context(),
+  );
+  assert.equal(none.meta.renderAltitudeInvented, true);
+  const known = records.receive(
+    observation({ positionTimeMs: 1700000005000 }),
+    context(),
+  );
+  assert.equal(known.meta.renderAltitudeInvented, false);
+  const parked = store().receive(
+    observation({ baroAltitudeM: null, onGround: true }),
+    context(),
+  );
+  assert.equal(parked.meta.renderAltitudeInvented, false);
+});
+
+test('the tracked military contact is stale from its first missed update and kept until ten minutes after its newest fix', () => {
+  const realNow = Date.now;
+  const fixMs = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  let clock = fixMs + 5_000;
+  Date.now = () => clock;
+  try {
+    for (const snapshot of [
+      { complete: true },
+      { complete: true, retainIds: new Set(['aaa001']) },
+      { complete: false },
+    ]) {
+      const records = store();
+      records.receive(
+        observation({ positionTimeMs: fixMs }),
+        context({ observedAtMs: fixMs + 1_000 }),
+      );
+      const absent = (tracked) =>
+        records.absence('aaa001', {
+          ...snapshot,
+          likelyLanded: false,
+          tracked,
+        });
+      clock = fixMs + 15_000;
+      assert.equal(absent(true), 'stale');
+      assert.equal(records.missingPolls.get('aaa001'), 1);
+      clock = fixMs + 9 * 60_000;
+      assert.equal(absent(true), 'stale');
+      clock = fixMs + 10 * 60_000 - 1;
+      assert.equal(absent(true), 'stale');
+      clock = fixMs + 10 * 60_000;
+      assert.equal(absent(true), 'remove');
+      assert.equal(records.missingPolls.has('aaa001'), false);
+    }
+    const records = store();
+    records.receive(
+      observation({ positionTimeMs: fixMs }),
+      context({ observedAtMs: fixMs + 1_000 }),
+    );
+    clock = fixMs + 15_000;
+    const untracked = (snapshot) =>
+      records.absence('aaa001', { ...snapshot, likelyLanded: false });
+    assert.equal(untracked({ complete: false }), 'retain');
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      [1, 2, 3].map(() => untracked({ complete: true })),
+      ['stale', 'stale', 'remove'],
+    );
+  } finally {
+    Date.now = realNow;
+  }
+});
+
+test('a repeated military fix time marks the contact as not updated; removal is unchanged', () => {
+  const records = store();
+  const fixMs = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  const poll = (snapshotMs, positionTimeMs) => {
+    records.beginSnapshot(snapshotMs);
+    records.receive(
+      observation({ positionTimeMs }),
+      context({ observedAtMs: snapshotMs }),
+    );
+  };
+  poll(fixMs + 2_000, fixMs);
+  assert.equal(records.fixRepeated.has('aaa001'), false);
+  // adsb.lol re-sends the last position for up to a minute.
+  poll(fixMs + 12_000, fixMs);
+  assert.equal(records.fixRepeated.has('aaa001'), true);
+  assert.equal(records.missingPolls.has('aaa001'), false);
+  poll(fixMs + 12_000, fixMs);
+  assert.equal(records.fixRepeated.has('aaa001'), true);
+  poll(fixMs + 22_000, fixMs + 10_000);
+  assert.equal(records.fixRepeated.has('aaa001'), false);
+  poll(fixMs + 32_000, fixMs + 10_000);
+  records.forget('aaa001');
+  assert.equal(records.fixRepeated.has('aaa001'), false);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/military/rendering.js b/src/layers/military/rendering.js
index 504d79c80..d783bd4a4 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/rendering.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/rendering.js
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ import {
   COURSE_SLEW_DT_MAX_SEC,
   ROTATION_REFRESH_MS,
   COURSE_MAX_DPS,
+  STALE_ALPHA,
 } from './policy.js';
 import { AIRCRAFT_ENVIRONMENT_MAP_OPTIONS } from '../../data/aircraftModelLighting.js';
 
@@ -640,6 +641,19 @@ export function createRendering({
   /** Per-frame driver for the standalone tracked model (see flights.js for the rationale). The
    *  tracked entity stays a pure billboard, so the follow-camera never stalls/freezes on 3D-toggle. */
 
+  /** Fade the tracked 3D model like the billboard while the plane is stale. */
+
+  function _applyTrackedModelFade(model) {
+    const alpha = parts.tracking._trackedStaleCue?.(flightState._trackedIcao)
+      ?.dimmed
+      ? STALE_ALPHA
+      : 1;
+    if (model.color?.alpha === alpha) return;
+    model.color = (
+      flightState._irBoost ? Cesium.Color.WHITE : TRACKED_ICON_COLOR
+    ).withAlpha(alpha);
+  }
+
   function _updateTrackedModel() {
     const active =
       flightState._trackedIcao &&
@@ -787,6 +801,7 @@ export function createRendering({
         flightState._trackedModel.modelMatrix,
         spec.headingOffsetDeg,
       );
+      _applyTrackedModelFade(flightState._trackedModel);
       if (!flightState._trackedModel.ready) return;
       flightState._trackedModel.scale = trackedModelScaleForPixelCap({
         baseScale: spec.scale,
@@ -814,6 +829,13 @@ export function createRendering({
    */
 
   function _fleetTick() {
+    // Every frame, shown or not: the tracked trail records where its icon is
+    // drawn and moves its body on (the head callback only reads the result),
+    // and the tracked label's stale cue follows the clock.
+    if (flightState._viewer) {
+      parts.tracking._trailTick?.();
+      parts.tracking._staleCueTick?.();
+    }
     if (
       !flightState._viewer ||
       !flightState._billboardCollection ||
@@ -989,7 +1011,9 @@ export function createRendering({
           flightState._cockpitContactMode && !isCockpitNear
             ? 1
             : _militaryBillboardScale(icao24),
-        baseAlpha: flightState.records.missingPolls.get(icao24) ? 0.45 : 1,
+        baseAlpha: flightState.records.missingPolls.get(icao24)
+          ? STALE_ALPHA
+          : 1,
         baseColor,
         focusFactor: focus.factor,
         cameraDistanceM,
diff --git a/src/layers/military/snapshotRenderer.js b/src/layers/military/snapshotRenderer.js
index eb3a341f8..e674cc456 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/snapshotRenderer.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/snapshotRenderer.js
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { CLASS_SCALE_2D } from '../../data/aircraftClass.js';
 import {
   turnRateFromFixHistory,
   liftRepeatedGroundFix,
+  staleHoldsForFix,
   synthesizeForwardKinematicsFix,
 } from '../../data/motionModel.js';
 import { aircraftIcon } from '../../data/aircraftIcons.js';
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ export function createMilitarySnapshotRenderer({
   return function applySnapshot(snapshot, viewer) {
     const currentIcaos = new Set();
     const receiptNowMs = snapshot.observedAtMs;
+    records.beginSnapshot(snapshot.observedAtMs);
     // Field-test fix (RS46): coarse floor cells to warm for the below-ground
     // clamp — collected during the loop (low airborne contacts only),
     // batch-resolved once after it. Never a fetch inside the loop.
@@ -83,6 +85,9 @@ export function createMilitarySnapshotRenderer({
           position: position.clone(),
           velocity: meta.speedMps,
           track: meta.track,
+          // Drawn at an invented height: a trail seeded from history keeps no
+          // position for it.
+          inventedHeight: meta.renderAltitudeInvented === true,
         });
         if (history.length > POSITION_HISTORY_LIMIT) {
           history.shift();
@@ -95,26 +100,36 @@ export function createMilitarySnapshotRenderer({
         // (owner): ground traffic appends too — taxi history stays live
         // after touchdown; _appendTrailFix floors grounded positions at
         // the surface so the ground leg drapes instead of diving.
-        if (isTracked) tracking._appendTrailFix(position.clone());
+        if (isTracked)
+          tracking._appendTrailFix(position.clone(), fixEpochMs, {
+            nullAltitude: meta.renderAltitudeInvented === true,
+          });
       } else {
         const modelOwnsGroundVisual = rendering._modelOwnsVisual(icao24);
         if (!modelOwnsGroundVisual) {
           liftRepeatedGroundFix(newest, position, meta.onGround);
         }
+        // A forward synthetic fix follows the stale rules (none while the
+        // contact holds at its report, a coast capped from the real report,
+        // never below the ground) and is a motion aid, never a trail report.
         const kinematicsChanged =
           newest.velocity !== meta.speedMps || newest.track !== meta.track;
-        if (kinematicsChanged) {
+        const holds = staleHoldsForFix(newest, {
+          onGround: meta.onGround,
+          cachedGroundFloor,
+        });
+        if (kinematicsChanged && !holds) {
           const synthetic = synthesizeForwardKinematicsFix(newest, {
             epochMs: Date.now(),
             velocity: meta.speedMps,
             track: meta.track,
             turnRateDps: meta.turnRateDps,
+            cachedGroundFloor,
           });
           if (synthetic) {
             history.push(synthetic);
             if (history.length > POSITION_HISTORY_LIMIT) history.shift();
             meta.turnRateDps = turnRateFromFixHistory(history);
-            if (isTracked) tracking._appendTrailFix(synthetic.position.clone());
           }
         }
       }
@@ -261,6 +276,7 @@ export function createMilitarySnapshotRenderer({
         complete: snapshot.complete,
         retainIds: snapshot.retainIds,
         likelyLanded: queries._likelyLanded(icao24),
+        tracked: icao24 === flightState._trackedIcao,
       });
       if (absence === 'retain') continue;
       if (absence === 'stale') {
diff --git a/src/layers/military/snapshotStale.test.mjs b/src/layers/military/snapshotStale.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13720b5d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/military/snapshotStale.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { createMilitarySnapshotRenderer } from './snapshotRenderer.js';
+
+// A poll that repeats a contact's last position with new speed or course
+// must not move it past where the stale rules allow, and never adds a
+// report to the tracked trail.
+
+const ICAO = '00a005';
+const SEC = 1000;
+
+/** Any property is a no-op function unless given. */
+function stub(overrides = {}) {
+  return new Proxy(overrides, {
+    get: (target, key) => (key in target ? target[key] : () => undefined),
+  });
+}
+
+function harness({ ground = () => null }) {
+  const appended = [];
+  const history = [];
+  const flightState = {
+    _trackedIcao: ICAO,
+    _trackedEntity: null,
+    _positionHistory: new Map([[ICAO, history]]),
+    _billboards: new Map([[ICAO, { position: new Cesium.Cartesian3() }]]),
+    _billboardCollection: stub(),
+    _cullPositions: new Map(),
+    _displayCourse: new Map(),
+    _groundSnap: stub(),
+    _displayFloorState: new Map(),
+    _models: new Map(),
+    _viewer: null,
+    _cockpitContactMode: false,
+    records: { data: new Map() },
+  };
+  let meta = null;
+  let fixEpochMs = 0;
+  const records = stub({
+    receive: () => {
+      flightState.records.data.set(ICAO, meta);
+      return { prevMeta: meta, meta, groundFlipped: false, fixEpochMs };
+    },
+    absence: () => 'retain',
+  });
+  const apply = createMilitarySnapshotRenderer({
+    flightState,
+    records,
+    militaryRegistry: stub(),
+    groundFloor: stub({ cachedGroundFloor: ground }),
+    meshFloor: stub(),
+    rendering: stub({
+      _modelOwnsVisual: () => false,
+      _fleetBillboardColor: () => Cesium.Color.WHITE,
+    }),
+    tracking: stub({
+      _militaryLayerSuppresses: () => false,
+      _appendTrailFix: (position, epochMs) =>
+        appended.push({ position, epochMs }),
+    }),
+    motion: stub(),
+    enrichment: stub(),
+    queries: stub({ _likelyLanded: () => false }),
+  });
+  return {
+    history,
+    appended,
+    poll(nextMeta, epochMs) {
+      meta = nextMeta;
+      fixEpochMs = epochMs;
+      apply({ records: [{ id: ICAO }], complete: true }, null);
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+const lightAircraft = (velocity, track) => ({
+  rawLat: 38.1436,
+  rawLon: -122.5561,
+  renderAltitudeM: 10,
+  altitudeFt: 130,
+  speedMps: velocity,
+  track,
+  onGround: false,
+  wasAirborne: true,
+  klass: 'light',
+});
+
+test('military: a low contact whose position repeats while its speed changes is not moved and adds nothing to the trail', (t) => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'], now: t0 });
+  const h = harness({ ground: () => -30 });
+  h.poll(lightAircraft(36.4, 63), t0);
+  const first = h.history[0].position;
+  for (const [i, velocity] of [30, 22, 14, 9].entries()) {
+    t.mock.timers.tick(10 * SEC);
+    h.poll(lightAircraft(velocity, 63 + i * 20), t0);
+  }
+  assert.equal(h.history.length, 1, 'a synthetic fix moved a holding contact');
+  assert.equal(h.history[0].position, first);
+  assert.equal(h.appended.length, 1, 'only the real report joins the trail');
+});
+
+test('military: a cruising contact whose position repeats coasts no further than the stale cap, and the synthetic fix is not a report', (t) => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'], now: t0 });
+  const h = harness({});
+  const cruise = (velocity, track) => ({
+    rawLat: 36,
+    rawLon: -115,
+    renderAltitudeM: 9_000,
+    altitudeFt: 29_500,
+    speedMps: velocity,
+    track,
+    onGround: false,
+    wasAirborne: true,
+    klass: 'jet',
+  });
+  h.poll(cruise(220, 90), t0);
+  const report = h.history[0].position;
+  t.mock.timers.tick(300 * SEC);
+  h.poll(cruise(200, 100), t0);
+  assert.equal(h.history.length, 2);
+  const moved = Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(report, h.history[1].position);
+  assert.ok(
+    moved <= 220 * 300 + 1,
+    `the synthetic fix coasted ${moved.toFixed(0)} m`,
+  );
+  assert.equal(h.appended.length, 1, 'the synthetic fix joined the trail');
+});
+
+test('military: a report drawn at an invented height says so on its history fix', (t) => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'], now: t0 });
+  const h = harness({});
+  h.poll({ ...lightAircraft(60, 90), renderAltitudeInvented: true }, t0);
+  h.poll({ ...lightAircraft(60, 90), rawLon: -122.55 }, t0 + 10 * SEC);
+  assert.equal(h.history[0].inventedHeight, true);
+  assert.equal(h.history[1].inventedHeight, false);
+});
+
+test('military: with the ground unknown, a low barometric altitude alone does not hold a contact', (t) => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'], now: t0 });
+  const h = harness({});
+  h.poll(lightAircraft(36.4, 63), t0);
+  t.mock.timers.tick(10 * SEC);
+  h.poll(lightAircraft(30, 80), t0);
+  assert.equal(h.history.length, 2);
+  assert.equal(h.history[0].staleHolds, false);
+  assert.equal(h.appended.length, 1);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/military/staleHold.test.mjs b/src/layers/military/staleHold.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ca4295af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/military/staleHold.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { createMotion } from './motion.js';
+import { createFlightState } from './state.js';
+import { createTracking } from './tracking.js';
+import { TRAIL_CONTINUITY_MAX_SPEED_KT } from '../../data/trailContinuity.js';
+import { RENDER_DELAY_SEC } from './policy.js';
+
+const SEC = 1000;
+
+function motionFixture({ info, fixes, nowMs, ground = () => null }) {
+  const flightState = {
+    records: { data: new Map([['00a003', info]]) },
+    _positionHistory: new Map([['00a003', fixes]]),
+    _scratchArc: {},
+    _scratchOffset: new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    _scratchEnu: new Cesium.Matrix4(),
+    _scratchRenderTime: new Cesium.JulianDate(),
+    now: () => nowMs,
+  };
+  const motion = createMotion({
+    flightState,
+    services: {
+      groundFloor: { cachedGroundFloor: ground },
+      camera: {},
+      focus: {},
+    },
+    parts: {},
+  });
+  return motion;
+}
+
+function fix(timeMs, lat, lon, heightM, velocity, track) {
+  return {
+    time: Cesium.JulianDate.fromDate(new Date(timeMs)),
+    epochMs: timeMs,
+    position: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lon, lat, heightM),
+    velocity,
+    track,
+  };
+}
+
+test('a military contact stale after a low approach holds at its last report', () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  const ground = 1_590; // An airbase, ellipsoidal.
+  const fixes = [
+    fix(t0, 35.03, -106.58, ground + 300, 75, 260),
+    fix(t0 + 10 * SEC, 35.03, -106.588, ground + 40, 70, 260),
+  ];
+  const info = {
+    altitudeFt: 5_350,
+    renderAltitudeM: ground + 40,
+    rawLat: 35.03,
+    rawLon: -106.588,
+    speedMps: 70,
+    track: 260,
+    onGround: false,
+  };
+  for (const afterSec of [10, 60, 200]) {
+    const motion = motionFixture({
+      info,
+      fixes,
+      nowMs: t0 + 10 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC + afterSec * SEC,
+      ground: () => ground,
+    });
+    const drawn = motion._deadReckon('00a003', new Cesium.Cartesian3());
+    assert.ok(Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(drawn, fixes[1].position) < 0.01);
+  }
+});
+
+test('a cruising military contact still heard after its last position coasts past 90 s, for up to 5 minutes, then stops', () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  const fixes = [
+    fix(t0, 36, -115, 9_000, 220, 90),
+    fix(t0 + 10 * SEC, 36, -114.975, 9_000, 220, 90),
+  ];
+  const info = {
+    altitudeFt: 29_500,
+    renderAltitudeM: 9_000,
+    rawLat: 36,
+    rawLon: -114.975,
+    speedMps: 220,
+    track: 90,
+    onGround: false,
+    lastContactEpochMs: t0 + 10 * SEC + 300 * SEC,
+  };
+  const at = (afterSec) =>
+    motionFixture({
+      info,
+      fixes,
+      nowMs: t0 + 10 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC + afterSec * SEC,
+    })._deadReckon('00a003', new Cesium.Cartesian3());
+  const d = (p) => Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(p, fixes[1].position);
+  const near = (got, want) => Math.abs(got - want) < want * 0.005 + 50;
+  assert.ok(near(d(at(45)), 220 * 45));
+  assert.ok(near(d(at(250)), 220 * 250), 'still moving at 250 s');
+  assert.ok(near(d(at(400)), 220 * 300), 'stopped at 300 s');
+});
+
+test('a bad military speed coasts no faster than the 1,500 kt continuity limit', () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  const fixes = [
+    fix(t0, 36, -115, 9_000, 2_000, 90),
+    fix(t0 + 10 * SEC, 36, -114.975, 9_000, 2_000, 90),
+  ];
+  const info = {
+    altitudeFt: 29_500,
+    renderAltitudeM: 9_000,
+    rawLat: 36,
+    rawLon: -114.975,
+    speedMps: 2_000,
+    track: 90,
+    onGround: false,
+  };
+  const drawn = motionFixture({
+    info,
+    fixes,
+    nowMs: t0 + 10 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC + 300 * SEC,
+  })._deadReckon('00a003', new Cesium.Cartesian3());
+  const limitMps = (TRAIL_CONTINUITY_MAX_SPEED_KT * 1852) / 3600;
+  const d = Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(drawn, fixes[1].position);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(d - limitMps * 300) < 1_500, `${d.toFixed(0)} m`);
+});
+
+test('a holding military contact draws no head and its trail ends at the last report', () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 20, 0);
+  const fixes = [0, 1, 2].map((i) =>
+    fix(t0 + i * 10 * SEC, 35.03, -106.57 - i * 0.008, 1_700, 70, 260),
+  );
+  const svc = {
+    ...Object.fromEntries(
+      [
+        'picking',
+        'sprites',
+        'aircraftPresentation',
+        'camera',
+        'militaryRegistry',
+        'labels',
+        'meshFloor',
+        'focus',
+        'readout',
+        'context',
+        'render',
+        'recession',
+      ].map((name) => [name, {}]),
+    ),
+    groundSnap: { createGroundSnap: () => ({ clear() {} }) },
+    geoid: { ensureGeoidReady: async () => {}, geoidHeight: () => 0 },
+    groundFloor: {
+      resolveGroundFloorCellsBounded: async () => {},
+      cachedGroundFloor: () => null,
+      floorAltitudeM: (alt) => alt,
+    },
+  };
+  const calls = [];
+  svc.trails = {
+    createTrail: () => ({
+      setSegments: (segments) => calls.push(segments.flat()),
+      setPositions: (positions) => calls.push(positions.slice()),
+      setVisible() {},
+      clear() {},
+      destroy() {},
+    }),
+  };
+  const flightState = createFlightState({ services: svc, source: {} });
+  const added = [];
+  flightState._viewer = {
+    isDestroyed: () => false,
+    entities: {
+      add: (definition) => (added.push(definition), definition),
+      remove() {},
+    },
+  };
+  flightState._trackedIcao = '00a003';
+  flightState.now = () => t0 + 20 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC + 120 * SEC;
+  flightState._positionHistory.set('00a003', fixes);
+  const last = Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(fixes[2].position);
+  const tracking = createTracking({
+    flightState,
+    services: svc,
+    parts: {
+      motion: {
+        _isTrackWarmingUp: () => false,
+        _trackedTrailCached: () => last,
+        _trackedDisplayPosition: () => last,
+        _trackedModelCenterWorld: () => null,
+        _trackedModelEnvelopeM: () => null,
+      },
+    },
+    layer: {},
+  });
+  tracking._startTrail('00a003');
+  assert.equal(calls.at(-1).length, 3);
+  const head = added.find((d) =>
+    String(d.id).startsWith('gev-trail:mil-head-'),
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(head.polyline.positions.getValue(), []);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/military/state.js b/src/layers/military/state.js
index f27595d2b..23f8f053c 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/state.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/state.js
@@ -178,9 +178,32 @@ export function createFlightState({ source, services }) {
 
   flightState._trailHeadSeq = 0;
 
-  /** @type {Cesium.Cartesian3[]} Chronological tracked-aircraft fixes (oldest first) */
+  /** @type {{position: Cesium.Cartesian3|null, timeMs: number, nullAltitude: boolean, breakBefore: boolean, drawn?: boolean}[]}
+   *  Chronological tracked-aircraft trail (oldest first): reports, and
+   *  (`drawn`) where the icon was drawn between them; `breakBefore` starts a
+   *  new segment. */
 
-  flightState._trailPositions = [];
+  flightState._trailFixes = [];
+
+  /** @type {number} Body fixes drawn: those at or before the display time. */
+
+  flightState._trailBodyCount = 0;
+
+  /** @type {Cesium.Cartesian3|null} Where the tracked icon was last recorded into the trail. */
+
+  flightState._trailRecordPosition = null;
+
+  /** @type {number} Display time (epoch ms) of that recording. */
+
+  flightState._trailRecordMs = -Infinity;
+
+  /** @type {string|undefined} The stale cue last written into the tracked label (see `_staleCueTick`). */
+
+  flightState._trackedStaleCueText = undefined;
+
+  /** @type {{key: string, cue: {text: string, dimmed: boolean}}|null} This frame's tracked stale cue (see `_trackedStaleCue`). */
+
+  flightState._trackedStaleCueCache = null;
 
   /** @type {number} Monotonic token — invalidates in-flight backfill responses */
 
diff --git a/src/layers/military/tracking.js b/src/layers/military/tracking.js
index ed40ff4ac..d2d4843b6 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/tracking.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/tracking.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
-import { julianAt } from '../../time/julian.js';
-import { t } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+import { formatNumber, t } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+import { unitLabel } from '../../ui/unitLabels.js';
 import { nextCockpitNearContacts } from '../../data/cockpitAirLod.js';
 import { aircraftIcon, TRACKED_ICON_PX } from '../../data/aircraftIcons.js';
 import { trackedModelZoomActive } from '../../data/trackedModelRegime.js';
@@ -19,14 +19,33 @@ import {
   TRACKED_MODEL_MAX_LOAD_FAILS,
   TRACKED_MODEL_RETRY_BACKOFF_MS,
   TRAIL_MAX_POINTS,
+  DR_CORRECTION_MS,
   RENDER_DELAY_SEC,
   TRAIL_COLOR,
   BILLBOARD_SCALE,
   GROUND_SCALE,
   AMBER_TRANSPARENT,
   TRACKED_ICON_COLOR,
+  STALE_ALPHA,
 } from './policy.js';
 import { roundHeadingDegrees } from '../../data/headingDegrees.js';
+import {
+  drawTrailSegments,
+  historyFixEpochMs,
+  insertTrailFix,
+  joinTrailBackfill,
+  recordTrailPoint,
+  trailBackfillFixes,
+  trailBodyCount,
+  trailBodyCountOutsideModel,
+  trailBodySegments,
+  trailHeadStartFix,
+  trailRecordingBlocked,
+  TRAIL_RECORD_STEP_M,
+  TRAIL_RECORD_STEP_MS,
+} from '../../data/trailContinuity.js';
+
+const STALE_TRACKED_COLOR = TRACKED_ICON_COLOR.withAlpha(STALE_ALPHA);
 
 export function createTracking({
   flightState,
@@ -206,24 +225,98 @@ export function createTracking({
     _setCockpitContactMode(active);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * The tracked plane's stale cue and whether it is drawn with the stale fade.
+   * - SIGNAL LOST · <time since its last report>, dimmed: its coast has ended
+   *   (or it holds at its last report after a missed update) and no newer
+   *   report has come.
+   * - STALE, dimmed: it has missed an update and still coasts.
+   * - STALE, not dimmed: the whole feed is backing off.
+   * @param {string} icao24
+   * @returns {{text: string, dimmed: boolean}}
+   */
+
+  function _trackedStaleCue(icao24) {
+    const records = flightState.records;
+    const misses = records.missingPolls.get(icao24) || 0;
+    const repeated = records.fixRepeated?.has(icao24) === true;
+    const backoff = flightState.feed._backoff === true;
+    // Computed once per frame for the label, the icon colour and the model
+    // fade; a poll between frames changes the key.
+    const frame = flightState._viewer?.scene?.frameState?.frameNumber;
+    const key = Number.isFinite(frame)
+      ? `${frame}|${icao24}|${misses}|${repeated}|${backoff}`
+      : null;
+    const cached = flightState._trackedStaleCueCache;
+    if (key !== null && cached?.key === key) return cached.cue;
+    const cue = _computeTrackedStaleCue(
+      icao24,
+      misses > 0 || repeated,
+      backoff,
+    );
+    flightState._trackedStaleCueCache = key === null ? null : { key, cue };
+    return cue;
+  }
+
+  /** `_trackedStaleCue` without the per-frame cache. A repeated fix counts as missed. */
+
+  function _computeTrackedStaleCue(icao24, missed, backoff) {
+    const lost = parts.motion._signalLost(icao24);
+    if (lost && (missed || !lost.holds)) {
+      const sec = Math.max(
+        0,
+        Math.floor((flightState.now() - lost.reportEpochMs) / 1000),
+      );
+      const time =
+        sec < 60
+          ? `${formatNumber(sec, { useGrouping: false })} ${unitLabel('s')}`
+          : `${formatNumber(Math.floor(sec / 60), { useGrouping: false })} ${unitLabel('min')}`;
+      return { text: t('SIGNAL LOST · {time}', { time }), dimmed: true };
+    }
+    if (missed) return { text: t('STALE'), dimmed: true };
+    if (backoff) return { text: t('STALE'), dimmed: false };
+    return { text: '', dimmed: false };
+  }
+
+  /** The tracked billboard's colour: amber, faded while stale, clear while the 3D model is the visual. */
+
+  function _trackedIconColor() {
+    if (parts.rendering._modelOwnsVisual(flightState._trackedIcao))
+      return AMBER_TRANSPARENT;
+    return _trackedStaleCue(flightState._trackedIcao).dimmed
+      ? STALE_TRACKED_COLOR
+      : TRACKED_ICON_COLOR;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Re-word the tracked label when its stale cue changes (STALE, SIGNAL LOST,
+   * each new second or minute of it). Run from the layer's per-frame pass.
+   */
+
+  function _staleCueTick() {
+    const icao24 = flightState._trackedIcao;
+    if (!icao24 || !flightState._trackedEntity) return;
+    const text = _trackedStaleCue(icao24).text;
+    if (text === flightState._trackedStaleCueText) return;
+    flightState._trackedStaleCueText = text;
+    _updateTrackedLabelModel(icao24);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Build the multi-line presentation text for the protected tracked host card.
    * Lines: callsign, type/registration, operator/altitude.
-   * While the plane is in its missed-poll grace (coasting on dead reckoning
-   * with sticky metadata) the first line carries a "· STALE" cue — the fleet's
-   * 45%-alpha billboard fade doesn't apply to the tracked plane (its entity
-   * owns the visual), so without this the readout would present last-known
-   * altitude/speed as live.
+   * The first line carries the stale cue (`_trackedStaleCue`): STALE while
+   * the plane coasts on dead reckoning after a missed update, SIGNAL LOST
+   * once the coast has ended, so last-known altitude/speed are never
+   * presented as live.
    * @param {Object|null} info - Flight metadata from _flightData
    * @param {string} icao24 - ICAO hex identifier (fallback display name)
    * @returns {string} Newline-separated label text
    */
 
   function _buildTrackedLabel(info, icao24) {
-    const stale =
-      flightState.records.missingPolls.get(icao24) || flightState.feed._backoff
-        ? ` · ${t('STALE')}`
-        : '';
+    const cue = _trackedStaleCue(icao24).text;
+    const stale = cue ? ` · ${cue}` : '';
     const callsign =
       (parts.queries._toCleanText(info?.callsign) ||
         parts.queries._toCleanText(info?.registration) ||
@@ -456,33 +549,112 @@ export function createTracking({
   }
 
   /**
-   * Append one fix to the tracked aircraft's trail accumulation and refresh
-   * the rendered trail. Caller passes an owned (cloned) Cartesian3.
-   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} position - New fix position, appended at the head.
+   * Put one report into the tracked aircraft's trail, in time order, and
+   * refresh the rendered trail. Caller passes an owned (cloned) Cartesian3. A
+   * report that breaks from its neighbour starts a new segment (see
+   * trailContinuity).
+   * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} position - The report's position.
+   * @param {number} [epochMs] - The report's time; defaults to the tracked
+   *   aircraft's newest position-history fix, which every caller has just pushed.
+   * @param {{nullAltitude?: boolean}} [options] - `nullAltitude`: the report
+   *   had no altitude, so its position is not kept and the line breaks there.
+   *   A report for a time the display has already passed replaces what was
+   *   drawn after it (see `insertTrailFix`).
    */
 
-  function _appendTrailFix(position) {
-    flightState._trailPositions.push(_trailFloorPosition(position));
-    if (flightState._trailPositions.length > TRAIL_MAX_POINTS)
-      flightState._trailPositions.shift();
+  function _appendTrailFix(position, epochMs, { nullAltitude = false } = {}) {
+    const history = flightState._positionHistory.get(flightState._trackedIcao);
+    const timeMs = Number.isFinite(epochMs)
+      ? epochMs
+      : historyFixEpochMs(history?.[history.length - 1]);
+    insertTrailFix(
+      flightState._trailFixes,
+      _trailFloorPosition(position),
+      timeMs,
+      TRAIL_MAX_POINTS,
+      {
+        nullAltitude,
+        displayMs: flightState.now() - RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000,
+        settleMs: DR_CORRECTION_MS,
+      },
+    );
     _refreshTrailDisplay();
   }
 
   /**
-   * Renders the trail BODY — the accumulated fixes EXCLUDING the newest raw one. That
-   * newest fix is at ~now, ~one poll interval AHEAD of the delayed icon (rendered at
-   * now − RENDER_DELAY_SEC), so drawing it would push the trail in FRONT of the plane.
-   * The cheap per-frame _trailHeadEntity segment bridges the last body point to the
-   * delayed dead-reckoned head, so this primitive only rebuilds on a real fix (poll
-   * cadence), never at motion cadence.
+   * Per-frame trail work, run from the layer's preRender pass whether or not
+   * the head is visible: record where the tracked icon is drawn (at most once
+   * a second or every 150 m, floored like the head) and move the body on as
+   * the display time passes reports. The head callback only reads the result.
+   */
+
+  function _trailTick() {
+    if (!flightState._trackedIcao || !flightState._trail) return;
+    const displayMs = flightState.now() - RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000;
+    let changed = false;
+    if (
+      flightState._trailFixes.length &&
+      !parts.motion._isTrackWarmingUp() &&
+      !trailRecordingBlocked(flightState._trailFixes, displayMs)
+    ) {
+      const drawn = parts.motion._trackedDisplayPosition(
+        flightState._trackedIcao,
+      );
+      const last = flightState._trailRecordPosition;
+      if (
+        drawn &&
+        (!last ||
+          displayMs - flightState._trailRecordMs >= TRAIL_RECORD_STEP_MS ||
+          Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(last, drawn) >= TRAIL_RECORD_STEP_M)
+      ) {
+        flightState._trailRecordMs = displayMs;
+        flightState._trailRecordPosition = Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(
+          drawn,
+          flightState._trailRecordPosition ?? undefined,
+        );
+        changed = recordTrailPoint(
+          flightState._trailFixes,
+          _trailFloorPosition(Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(drawn)),
+          displayMs,
+          TRAIL_MAX_POINTS,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+    if (changed || _trailBodyCountNow() !== flightState._trailBodyCount)
+      _refreshTrailDisplay();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Renders the trail BODY — the accumulated fixes at or before the delayed display
+   * time (now − RENDER_DELAY_SEC). Newer fixes are AHEAD of the icon, so drawing them
+   * would push the trail in FRONT of the plane. The cheap per-frame _trailHeadEntity
+   * segment bridges the last body point to the delayed dead-reckoned head, so the
+   * body rebuilds only on a real fix or when the display time passes one, never at
+   * motion cadence. A break lifts the pen: each segment is
+   * its own line, nothing between them.
    */
 
   function _refreshTrailDisplay() {
     if (!flightState._trail) return;
-    flightState._trail.setPositions(
-      flightState._trailPositions.length > 1
-        ? flightState._trailPositions.slice(0, -1)
-        : flightState._trailPositions,
+    flightState._trailBodyCount = _trailBodyCountNow();
+    drawTrailSegments(
+      flightState._trail,
+      trailBodySegments(flightState._trailFixes, flightState._trailBodyCount),
+    );
+  }
+
+  /** Fixes at or before the time the aircraft is drawn (now − RENDER_DELAY_SEC),
+   *  less the newest recorded points inside its 3D model. */
+
+  function _trailBodyCountNow() {
+    return trailBodyCountOutsideModel(
+      flightState._trailFixes,
+      trailBodyCount(
+        flightState._trailFixes,
+        flightState.now() - RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000,
+      ),
+      parts.motion._trackedModelCenterWorld(),
+      parts.motion._trackedModelEnvelopeM(),
     );
   }
 
@@ -495,25 +667,27 @@ export function createTracking({
 
   function _startTrail(icao24) {
     flightState._trailBackfillToken += 1;
-    flightState._trailPositions = [];
+    flightState._trailFixes = [];
+    flightState._trailRecordPosition = null;
+    flightState._trailRecordMs = -Infinity;
     const history = flightState._positionHistory.get(icao24) || [];
-    // Seed only fixes at/behind the DELAYED display time (now − RENDER_DELAY_SEC). The
-    // newest ~RENDER_DELAY_SEC of fixes are AHEAD of the displayed icon; including them
-    // would draw the trail in front of the plane. They join via _appendTrailFix as they age.
-    const seedRenderTime = Cesium.JulianDate.addSeconds(
-      julianAt(flightState.now()),
-      -RENDER_DELAY_SEC,
-      flightState._scratchWarmupTime,
-    );
+    // Seed every report. The body only draws those at or before the delayed
+    // display time (now − RENDER_DELAY_SEC); newer ones join it as the display
+    // passes them. A synthetic forward fix (it carries `reportEpochMs`) is a
+    // motion aid, never a report. A report drawn at an invented height keeps
+    // no position and breaks the line.
     for (const fix of history) {
-      if (Cesium.JulianDate.lessThanOrEquals(fix.time, seedRenderTime)) {
-        // Floor grounded-history seeds (round 2): a grounded contact's stored
-        // fixes carry the pre-datum default height — the trail copy sits on
-        // the surface instead (pure lift; airborne fixes pass through).
-        flightState._trailPositions.push(
-          _trailFloorPosition(Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(fix.position)),
-        );
-      }
+      if (Number.isFinite(fix.reportEpochMs)) continue;
+      // Floor grounded-history seeds (round 2): a grounded contact's stored
+      // fixes carry the pre-datum default height — the trail copy sits on
+      // the surface instead (pure lift; airborne fixes pass through).
+      insertTrailFix(
+        flightState._trailFixes,
+        _trailFloorPosition(Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(fix.position)),
+        historyFixEpochMs(fix),
+        TRAIL_MAX_POINTS,
+        { nullAltitude: fix.inventedHeight === true },
+      );
     }
     if (!flightState._trail && flightState._viewer) {
       flightState._trail = createTrail(flightState._viewer, {
@@ -534,14 +708,13 @@ export function createTracking({
         show: !flightState._cockpitContactMode,
         polyline: {
           positions: new Cesium.CallbackProperty(() => {
-            // Need ≥2 accumulated points: the body draws all-but-newest, so the head must
-            // start at the last DISPLAYED body point (index n−2). With a single fix that
-            // point would be the sole raw fix — ~now, AHEAD of the delayed icon — so the
-            // segment would draw IN FRONT of the plane. Likewise during warm-up the icon
-            // predates all real history, so there is no valid body point behind it.
+            // The head starts at the last DISPLAYED body point, the newest fix at or
+            // before the delayed display time; a fix ahead of the icon would draw the
+            // segment IN FRONT of the plane. During warm-up the icon predates all real
+            // history, so there is no valid body point behind it.
             if (
               !flightState._trackedIcao ||
-              flightState._trailPositions.length < 2 ||
+              !flightState._trailFixes.length ||
               parts.motion._isTrackWarmingUp()
             )
               return [];
@@ -549,12 +722,20 @@ export function createTracking({
               parts.motion._trackedTrailCached() ||
               parts.motion._trackedDisplayPosition(flightState._trackedIcao);
             if (!head) return [];
-            // body[n−2] (last displayed body point) → delayed head: runs FORWARD, never a
-            // backward/reversing segment.
-            const start =
-              flightState._trailPositions[
-                flightState._trailPositions.length - 2
-              ];
+            // The last body point (a report, or where the icon was drawn a
+            // moment ago) → the icon. The body is moved on by _trailTick, never
+            // here: a callback must not add or remove entities.
+            // No head across a break: a body point more than 150 km away, or
+            // too long ago or too far to be one path, stays detached; none while
+            // the aircraft holds at its last point.
+            const last = trailHeadStartFix(
+              flightState._trailFixes,
+              head,
+              flightState.now(),
+              flightState._trailBodyCount,
+            );
+            if (!last) return [];
+            const start = last.position;
             // Floor the head too (round 2): a grounded tracked contact's DR
             // display height is the pre-datum default — without this the last
             // segment dives underground while taxiing.
@@ -595,10 +776,10 @@ export function createTracking({
   }
 
   /**
-   * Fire-and-forget optional source history backfill (PRD F2). Trace points are
-   * stride-thinned to the remaining vertex budget, then spliced strictly older
-   * than the oldest seeded fix AHEAD of the locally accumulated fine segment,
-   * capped at TRAIL_MAX_POINTS (newest kept). Any failure (404/timeout/
+   * Fire-and-forget optional source history backfill (PRD F2). Every trace
+   * point strictly older than the oldest seeded fix is spliced AHEAD of the
+   * locally accumulated fine segment, each leg its own segment, capped at
+   * TRAIL_MAX_POINTS (newest kept). Any failure (404/timeout/
    * malformed) silently keeps the local-only trail.
    * @param {string} icao24 - ICAO hex identifier being tracked.
    * @param {number} token - Backfill token captured at request time.
@@ -644,7 +825,13 @@ export function createTracking({
         lon = point.longitude;
       if (!Number.isFinite(lat) || !Number.isFinite(lon)) continue;
       if (!Number.isFinite(t) || t >= oldestFixEpochSec) continue;
-      parsed.push({ lat, lon, baroAltitudeM: point.baroAltitudeM });
+      parsed.push({
+        lat,
+        lon,
+        baroAltitudeM: point.baroAltitudeM,
+        onGround: point.onGround === true,
+        timeMs: point.observedAtMs,
+      });
     }
     if (!parsed.length) return;
 
@@ -667,39 +854,34 @@ export function createTracking({
     )
       return;
 
-    let older = [];
-    let lastAltM = null; // carry-forward for ground points whose cell isn't warm yet
-    for (const { lat, lon, baroAltitudeM } of parsed) {
-      const baroM =
-        baroAltitudeM == null ? null : baroAltitudeM + geoidHeight(lat, lon);
-      let altM = floorAltitudeM(baroM, cachedGroundFloor(lat, lon));
-      // Ground/no-alt point with an unresolved floor: hold the previous
-      // waypoint's altitude (continuity — never a dive to a made-up depth).
-      // Leading points with nothing to carry keep the old low breadcrumb
-      // sentinel (an arbitrary placeholder, never a reported altitude).
-      if (altM == null) altM = lastAltM != null ? lastAltM : 50;
-      lastAltM = altM;
-      older.push(Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lon, lat, altM));
-    }
-
-    // Stride-thin the backfill so it plus the live fine segment fit the cap.
-    const budget = Math.max(
-      1,
-      TRAIL_MAX_POINTS - flightState._trailPositions.length,
+    // Every trace point is kept, each leg its own segment. A 'ground' point
+    // is at altitude 0, floored at the ground. A point with no altitude is a
+    // break on both sides: it sits on the ground where the floor is known and
+    // is skipped otherwise; a skipped point still breaks the line.
+    const backfill = trailBackfillFixes(
+      parsed.map(({ lat, lon, baroAltitudeM, onGround, timeMs }) => {
+        const known = Number.isFinite(baroAltitudeM)
+          ? baroAltitudeM
+          : onGround
+            ? 0
+            : null;
+        const altM = floorAltitudeM(
+          known == null ? null : known + geoidHeight(lat, lon),
+          cachedGroundFloor(lat, lon),
+        );
+        return {
+          position:
+            altM == null ? null : Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lon, lat, altM),
+          timeMs,
+          nullAltitude: known == null,
+        };
+      }),
+    );
+    flightState._trailFixes = joinTrailBackfill(
+      backfill,
+      flightState._trailFixes,
+      TRAIL_MAX_POINTS,
     );
-    if (older.length > budget) {
-      const stride = Math.ceil(older.length / budget);
-      const thinned = [];
-      for (let i = 0; i < older.length; i += stride) thinned.push(older[i]);
-      older = thinned;
-    }
-
-    flightState._trailPositions = older.concat(flightState._trailPositions);
-    if (flightState._trailPositions.length > TRAIL_MAX_POINTS) {
-      flightState._trailPositions = flightState._trailPositions.slice(
-        flightState._trailPositions.length - TRAIL_MAX_POINTS,
-      );
-    }
     _refreshTrailDisplay();
   }
 
@@ -709,7 +891,9 @@ export function createTracking({
 
   function _clearTrail() {
     flightState._trailBackfillToken += 1;
-    flightState._trailPositions = [];
+    flightState._trailFixes = [];
+    flightState._trailRecordPosition = null;
+    flightState._trailRecordMs = -Infinity;
     if (flightState._trail) flightState._trail.clear();
     if (
       flightState._trailHeadEntity &&
@@ -926,15 +1110,9 @@ export function createTracking({
           (CLASS_SCALE_2D[
             flightState.records.data.get(flightState._trackedIcao)?.klass
           ] || 1),
-        // Solid amber when the billboard is the visual (zoomed out, 3D off, or model still loading);
-        // transparent once the STANDALONE tracked model is actually up (ready + shown).
-        color: new Cesium.CallbackProperty(
-          () =>
-            parts.rendering._modelOwnsVisual(flightState._trackedIcao)
-              ? AMBER_TRANSPARENT
-              : TRACKED_ICON_COLOR,
-          false,
-        ),
+        // Solid amber (faded while stale) when the billboard is the visual (zoomed out, 3D off,
+        // or model still loading); transparent once the STANDALONE tracked model is actually up.
+        color: new Cesium.CallbackProperty(_trackedIconColor, false),
         sizeInMeters: false,
         scaleByDistance: new Cesium.NearFarScalar(1000, 3.0, 8000000, 0.5),
         alignedAxis: Cesium.Cartesian3.ZERO,
@@ -1157,6 +1335,9 @@ export function createTracking({
     _setCockpitContactMode,
     _applyCockpitState,
     _buildTrackedLabel,
+    _trackedStaleCue,
+    _trackedIconColor,
+    _staleCueTick,
     _updateTrackedLabelModel,
     _syncTrackedBillboardImage,
     _refreshTr3bContact,
@@ -1168,6 +1349,7 @@ export function createTracking({
     _syncTracked2dRotation,
     _trailFloorPosition,
     _appendTrailFix,
+    _trailTick,
     _refreshTrailDisplay,
     _startTrail,
     _backfillTrail,
diff --git a/src/layers/military/trail.test.mjs b/src/layers/military/trail.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa27a6956
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/military/trail.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { createFlightState } from './state.js';
+import { createTracking } from './tracking.js';
+import { TRAIL_MAX_POINTS } from './policy.js';
+
+const MINUTE = 60_000;
+const HOUR = 60 * MINUTE;
+
+function services({ trails, floor = () => null } = {}) {
+  const names = [
+    'picking',
+    'sprites',
+    'aircraftPresentation',
+    'camera',
+    'militaryRegistry',
+    'labels',
+    'meshFloor',
+    'focus',
+    'readout',
+    'context',
+    'render',
+    'recession',
+  ];
+  return {
+    ...Object.fromEntries(names.map((name) => [name, {}])),
+    groundSnap: { createGroundSnap: () => ({ clear() {} }) },
+    trails,
+    geoid: { ensureGeoidReady: async () => {}, geoidHeight: () => 0 },
+    groundFloor: {
+      resolveGroundFloorCellsBounded: async () => {},
+      cachedGroundFloor: floor,
+      floorAltitudeM: (alt, ground) =>
+        Number.isFinite(alt) && Number.isFinite(ground)
+          ? Math.max(alt, ground + 1)
+          : Number.isFinite(alt)
+            ? alt
+            : Number.isFinite(ground)
+              ? ground + 1
+              : null,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/** A fake trail that records what draws: segments of two or more points. */
+function recordingTrail() {
+  const calls = [];
+  return {
+    last: () =>
+      (calls[calls.length - 1] ?? []).filter((segment) => segment.length >= 2),
+    createTrail: () => ({
+      setSegments(segments) {
+        calls.push(segments.map((segment) => segment.slice()));
+      },
+      setPositions(positions) {
+        calls.push([positions.slice()]);
+      },
+      setVisible() {},
+      clear() {
+        calls.push([]);
+      },
+      destroy() {},
+    }),
+  };
+}
+
+function trackedHarness({ liveFixes = [], trace = null, nowMs, floor, head }) {
+  const trail = recordingTrail();
+  const svc = services({ trails: trail, floor });
+  const flightState = createFlightState({
+    services: svc,
+    source: {
+      label: 'Fixture military aircraft',
+      async getTrack() {
+        if (!trace) throw new Error('404');
+        return { records: trace };
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const added = [];
+  flightState._viewer = {
+    isDestroyed: () => false,
+    entities: {
+      add(definition) {
+        added.push(definition);
+        return definition;
+      },
+      remove() {},
+    },
+  };
+  flightState._trackedIcao = 'ae0001';
+  flightState.now = () => nowMs;
+  flightState._positionHistory.set(
+    'ae0001',
+    liveFixes.map((fix) => ({
+      time: Cesium.JulianDate.fromDate(new Date(fix.timeMs)),
+      epochMs: fix.timeMs,
+      position: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(fix.lon, fix.lat, 9_000),
+    })),
+  );
+  const tracking = createTracking({
+    flightState,
+    services: svc,
+    parts: {
+      motion: {
+        _isTrackWarmingUp: () => false,
+        _trackedTrailCached: () => head ?? null,
+        _trackedDisplayPosition: () => head ?? null,
+        _trackedModelCenterWorld: () => null,
+        _trackedModelEnvelopeM: () => null,
+      },
+    },
+    layer: {},
+  });
+  const headPositions = () =>
+    added
+      .find((definition) =>
+        String(definition.id).startsWith('gev-trail:mil-head-'),
+      )
+      .polyline.positions.getValue();
+  return { trail, tracking, flightState, headPositions };
+}
+
+const settle = () => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+
+/** readsb-shaped trace points as the military source parses them. */
+function point(timeMs, lat, lon, baroAltitudeM = 9_000, onGround = false) {
+  return {
+    observedAtMs: timeMs,
+    latitude: lat,
+    longitude: lon,
+    baroAltitudeM,
+    onGround,
+  };
+}
+
+function leg(startMs, lat, lon, count) {
+  return Array.from({ length: count }, (_, i) =>
+    point(startMs + i * MINUTE, lat, lon + i * 0.12),
+  );
+}
+
+test('a multi-leg military trace becomes separate segments with no line across a gap', async () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 8, 0, 0);
+  const first = leg(t0, 36, -115, 5);
+  const second = leg(t0 + 5 * MINUTE + 3 * HOUR, 35, -106, 5);
+  const third = leg(t0 + 10 * MINUTE + 5 * HOUR, 38, -77, 5);
+  const trace = [...first, ...second, ...third];
+  const liveStart = t0 + 15 * MINUTE + 5 * HOUR;
+  const liveFixes = [0, 1, 2].map((i) => ({
+    timeMs: liveStart + i * MINUTE,
+    lat: 38,
+    lon: -77 + 0.6 + i * 0.12,
+  }));
+  const { trail, flightState, tracking } = trackedHarness({
+    liveFixes,
+    trace,
+    nowMs: liveStart + 3 * MINUTE,
+  });
+  tracking._startTrail('ae0001');
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(flightState._trailFixes.length, trace.length + 3);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    trail.last().map((segment) => segment.length),
+    [5, 5, 8],
+  );
+});
+
+test('a military trace point with no altitude breaks the line and is never given a made-up height', async () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 8, 0, 0);
+  const trace = leg(t0, 35, -106, 7);
+  trace[3] = point(trace[3].observedAtMs, 35, -105.64, null);
+  const liveFixes = [{ timeMs: t0 + 7 * MINUTE, lat: 35, lon: -105.16 }];
+  const { trail, flightState, tracking } = trackedHarness({
+    liveFixes,
+    trace,
+    nowMs: t0 + 9 * MINUTE,
+  });
+  tracking._startTrail('ae0001');
+  await settle();
+  // Skipped (no floor known): 3 + 3 + the live fix drawn.
+  assert.equal(flightState._trailFixes.length, trace.length - 1 + 1);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    trail.last().map((segment) => segment.length),
+    [3, 4],
+  );
+  for (const fix of flightState._trailFixes) {
+    const height = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(fix.position).height;
+    assert.ok(Math.abs(height - 9_000) < 1, `no invented height: ${height}`);
+  }
+});
+
+test('a military ground point is drawn on the ground and stays joined', async () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 8, 0, 0);
+  // Taxiing: 'ground' points a few hundred metres apart, one minute apart.
+  const trace = Array.from({ length: 4 }, (_, i) =>
+    point(t0 + i * MINUTE, 35, -106.6 + i * 0.004, null, true),
+  );
+  const liveFixes = [{ timeMs: t0 + 4 * MINUTE, lat: 35, lon: -106.584 }];
+  const { trail, flightState, tracking } = trackedHarness({
+    liveFixes,
+    trace,
+    nowMs: t0 + 6 * MINUTE,
+    floor: () => 1_590,
+  });
+  tracking._startTrail('ae0001');
+  await settle();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    trail.last().map((segment) => segment.length),
+    [5],
+  );
+  const height = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(
+    flightState._trailFixes[0].position,
+  ).height;
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(height - 1_591) < 1);
+});
+
+test('the military head is drawn to a nearby aircraft and not to one more than 150 km away', () => {
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 8, 0, 0);
+  const liveFixes = [0, 1, 2].map((i) => ({
+    timeMs: t0 + i * MINUTE,
+    lat: 35,
+    lon: -106 + i * 0.12,
+  }));
+  const near = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-105.7, 35, 9_000);
+  const joined = trackedHarness({
+    liveFixes,
+    nowMs: t0 + 3 * MINUTE,
+    head: near,
+  });
+  joined.tracking._startTrail('ae0001');
+  assert.equal(joined.headPositions().length, 2);
+
+  const far = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-103, 35, 9_000);
+  const detached = trackedHarness({
+    liveFixes,
+    nowMs: t0 + 3 * MINUTE,
+    head: far,
+  });
+  detached.tracking._startTrail('ae0001');
+  assert.deepEqual(detached.headPositions(), []);
+});
+
+test('a full 24 h military trace fits within TRAIL_MAX_POINTS without thinning', async () => {
+  const day = 24 * 60;
+  const t0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 8, 0, 0);
+  const trace = leg(t0, 20, -150, day);
+  const liveStart = t0 + day * MINUTE;
+  const liveFixes = [{ timeMs: liveStart, lat: 20, lon: -150 + day * 0.12 }];
+  const { flightState, tracking } = trackedHarness({
+    liveFixes,
+    trace,
+    nowMs: liveStart + MINUTE,
+  });
+  tracking._startTrail('ae0001');
+  await settle();
+  assert.ok(TRAIL_MAX_POINTS >= day + 500);
+  assert.equal(flightState._trailFixes.length, day + 1);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/military/trailRecord.test.mjs b/src/layers/military/trailRecord.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3bc999b18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/military/trailRecord.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,697 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { createMotion } from './motion.js';
+import { createFlightState } from './state.js';
+import { createTracking } from './tracking.js';
+import { RENDER_DELAY_SEC, STALE_ALPHA } from './policy.js';
+
+// A tracked military contact's trail between reports is the path its icon
+// was drawn along, recorded from the real display path frame by frame.
+
+const SEC = 1000;
+const ICAO = '00a004';
+const T0 = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 9, 21, 0);
+
+function fix(timeMs, lat, lon, heightM, velocity, track) {
+  return {
+    time: Cesium.JulianDate.fromDate(new Date(timeMs)),
+    epochMs: timeMs,
+    position: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lon, lat, heightM),
+    velocity,
+    track,
+  };
+}
+
+function services(trail, ground) {
+  const names = [
+    'picking',
+    'sprites',
+    'aircraftPresentation',
+    'camera',
+    'militaryRegistry',
+    'labels',
+    'meshFloor',
+    'focus',
+    'readout',
+    'context',
+    'render',
+    'recession',
+  ];
+  return {
+    ...Object.fromEntries(names.map((name) => [name, {}])),
+    aircraftPresentation: {
+      isTr3b: () => false,
+      tr3bTypeLabel: (id, label) => label,
+    },
+    focus: {
+      nearFarScalarValueAtDistance: () => 1,
+      clearFocusTarget() {},
+      publishFocusTargetFromCachedPosition() {},
+    },
+    groundSnap: { createGroundSnap: () => ({ clear() {} }) },
+    trails: trail,
+    geoid: { ensureGeoidReady: async () => {}, geoidHeight: () => 0 },
+    groundFloor: {
+      resolveGroundFloorCellsBounded: async () => {},
+      cachedGroundFloor: ground,
+      floorAltitudeM: (alt, g) =>
+        Number.isFinite(g) && Number.isFinite(alt)
+          ? Math.max(alt, g + 1.5)
+          : alt,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Real motion, real display position and real tracking over one contact.
+ * `frame()` runs one rendered frame: the layer's preRender work, then the
+ * head callback, as Cesium does.
+ */
+function harness({ fixes, info, nowMs, ground = () => null }) {
+  const segmentsCalls = [];
+  let inHead = false;
+  const trail = {
+    createTrail: () => ({
+      setSegments(segments) {
+        assert.ok(
+          !inHead,
+          'the trail body was rebuilt inside the head callback',
+        );
+        segmentsCalls.push(segments.map((segment) => segment.slice()));
+      },
+      setPositions(positions) {
+        assert.ok(
+          !inHead,
+          'the trail body was rebuilt inside the head callback',
+        );
+        segmentsCalls.push([positions.slice()]);
+      },
+      setVisible() {},
+      clear() {},
+      destroy() {},
+    }),
+  };
+  const svc = services(trail, ground);
+  const flightState = createFlightState({ services: svc, source: {} });
+  flightState.records.data.set(ICAO, info);
+  let frameNumber = 0;
+  const added = [];
+  let entityChanges = 0;
+  flightState._viewer = {
+    isDestroyed: () => false,
+    scene: {
+      frameState: {
+        get frameNumber() {
+          return frameNumber;
+        },
+      },
+    },
+    entities: {
+      add(definition) {
+        entityChanges += 1;
+        added.push(definition);
+        return definition;
+      },
+      remove() {
+        entityChanges += 1;
+      },
+    },
+  };
+  flightState._trackedIcao = ICAO;
+  let clock = nowMs;
+  flightState.now = () => clock;
+  flightState._positionHistory.set(ICAO, fixes);
+  const parts = {
+    rendering: { _modelOwnsVisual: () => false, _modelSpec: () => ({}) },
+    queries: {
+      _toCleanText: (value) => (typeof value === 'string' ? value.trim() : ''),
+      _formatAltitude: (ft) => `${ft} ft`,
+    },
+  };
+  parts.motion = createMotion({ flightState, services: svc, parts });
+  const tracking = createTracking({
+    flightState,
+    services: svc,
+    parts,
+    layer: {},
+  });
+  parts.tracking = tracking;
+  const realDateNow = Date.now;
+  Date.now = () => clock;
+  const headEntity = () =>
+    added.find((definition) =>
+      String(definition.id).startsWith('gev-trail:mil-head-'),
+    );
+  const head = () => {
+    const before = entityChanges;
+    inHead = true;
+    try {
+      return headEntity().polyline.positions.getValue();
+    } finally {
+      inHead = false;
+      assert.equal(
+        entityChanges,
+        before,
+        'the head callback added or removed an entity',
+      );
+    }
+  };
+  /** Drawn icon positions, one per frame. */
+  const drawn = [];
+  const frame = ({ readHead = true } = {}) => {
+    frameNumber += 1;
+    tracking._trailTick();
+    const icon = parts.motion._trackedDisplayPosition(ICAO);
+    if (icon) drawn.push(Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(icon));
+    if (readHead) head();
+  };
+  const run = (toMs, { frameMs = 100, readHead = true } = {}) => {
+    while (clock < toMs) {
+      clock = Math.min(toMs, clock + frameMs);
+      frame({ readHead });
+    }
+  };
+  return {
+    flightState,
+    tracking,
+    motion: parts.motion,
+    head,
+    drawn,
+    run,
+    body: () => segmentsCalls.at(-1) ?? [],
+    bodyPoints: () => (segmentsCalls.at(-1) ?? []).flat(),
+    restore: () => {
+      Date.now = realDateNow;
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/** Distance from p to the nearest point of a polyline. */
+function distanceToPath(p, path) {
+  let best = Infinity;
+  const ab = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+  const ap = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+  const closest = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+  if (path.length === 1) return Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(p, path[0]);
+  for (let i = 1; i < path.length; i++) {
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(path[i], path[i - 1], ab);
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(p, path[i - 1], ap);
+    const len2 = Cesium.Cartesian3.magnitudeSquared(ab);
+    const t =
+      len2 > 0
+        ? Math.max(0, Math.min(1, Cesium.Cartesian3.dot(ap, ab) / len2))
+        : 0;
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.add(
+      path[i - 1],
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(ab, t, closest),
+      closest,
+    );
+    best = Math.min(best, Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(p, closest));
+  }
+  return best;
+}
+
+/** No vertex turns the line back sharper than 120° over a short step. */
+function assertNoSpur(line, label) {
+  const u = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+  const v = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+  for (let i = 1; i < line.length - 1; i++) {
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(line[i], line[i - 1], u);
+    Cesium.Cartesian3.subtract(line[i + 1], line[i], v);
+    const lu = Cesium.Cartesian3.magnitude(u);
+    const lv = Cesium.Cartesian3.magnitude(v);
+    if (!(lu > 0 && lv > 0) || Math.min(lu, lv) > 500) continue;
+    const cos = Cesium.Cartesian3.dot(u, v) / (lu * lv);
+    assert.ok(
+      cos >= -0.5,
+      `${label}: spur at vertex ${i} of ${line.length} (turn ${(
+        (Math.acos(cos) * 180) /
+        Math.PI
+      ).toFixed(0)}°)`,
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+const indexOfPoint = (line, p) =>
+  line.findIndex((q) => Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(p, q) < 0.01);
+
+// A departing jet: four northbound climb reports, then a left turn through
+// west to south with no report while the icon flies it.
+function departure() {
+  const fixes = [
+    fix(T0, 37.6329, -122.3661, 213, 85, 8),
+    fix(T0 + 30 * SEC, 37.6542, -122.3616, 495, 95, 0),
+    fix(T0 + 60 * SEC, 37.6813, -122.3615, 808, 104, 350),
+    fix(T0 + 90 * SEC, 37.7066, -122.3755, 1257, 112, 340),
+  ];
+  const info = {
+    altitudeFt: 4_124,
+    renderAltitudeM: 1257,
+    rawLat: 37.7066,
+    rawLon: -122.3755,
+    speedMps: 112,
+    track: 340,
+    turnRateDps: -2,
+    onGround: false,
+    wasAirborne: true,
+    lastContactEpochMs: T0 + 200 * SEC,
+  };
+  return { fixes, info };
+}
+
+test('military: a report newer than the display time arrives mid-turn, and the trail between the reports stays on the drawn arc', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = departure();
+  const start = T0 + 90 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC;
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: start });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    // 40 s of turn with no new report: the icon flies the arc.
+    h.run(start + 40 * SEC);
+    const arc = h.drawn.slice();
+    // The next report is where the plane really was 60 s after the last one,
+    // still ahead of the display time (normal 30 s delay, slow feed). The icon
+    // now interpolates the straight line between the two reports and is eased
+    // onto it.
+    const at60 = h.motion._deadReckon(
+      ICAO,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+      Cesium.JulianDate.fromDate(new Date(T0 + 150 * SEC)),
+    );
+    const c = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(at60);
+    const report = fix(
+      T0 + 150 * SEC,
+      Cesium.Math.toDegrees(c.latitude),
+      Cesium.Math.toDegrees(c.longitude),
+      c.height,
+      112,
+      220,
+    );
+    fixes.push(report);
+    info.track = 220;
+    h.tracking._appendTrailFix(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(report.position),
+      report.epochMs,
+    );
+    // The display passes the new report.
+    h.run(start + 75 * SEC);
+    const line = h.bodyPoints();
+    const from = indexOfPoint(line, fixes[3].position);
+    const to = indexOfPoint(line, report.position);
+    assert.ok(from >= 0 && to > from, 'both reports are on the trail');
+    const between = line.slice(from, to + 1);
+    // Every vertex between the reports is where the icon was drawn...
+    const drawnPath = [fixes[3].position, ...h.drawn, report.position];
+    for (const vertex of between) {
+      const off = distanceToPath(vertex, drawnPath);
+      assert.ok(
+        off < 50,
+        `trail vertex ${off.toFixed(0)} m off the drawn path`,
+      );
+    }
+    // ...and the arc the icon flew is still there: no straight chord. (The
+    // arc strays far from the chord, so a chord would fail this.)
+    const chord = [fixes[3].position, report.position];
+    assert.ok(Math.max(...arc.map((p) => distanceToPath(p, chord))) > 300);
+    // The last 10 s of the arc are exempt: the correction pulled the icon back
+    // over them, and keeping them would fold the line back on itself.
+    for (const point of arc.slice(0, -100)) {
+      const off = distanceToPath(point, between);
+      assert.ok(off < 50, `drawn arc point ${off.toFixed(0)} m from the trail`);
+    }
+    assertNoSpur(line, 'trail');
+    assertNoSpur(h.head(), 'head');
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('military: a report the display already passed replaces the guess drawn after it, with no spike', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = departure();
+  const start = T0 + 90 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC;
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: start });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    h.run(start + 40 * SEC);
+    const displayMs = T0 + 130 * SEC;
+    // A report for 10 s before the display time, 400 m inside the drawn arc.
+    const guess = h.motion._deadReckon(
+      ICAO,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+      Cesium.JulianDate.fromDate(new Date(T0 + 120 * SEC)),
+    );
+    const c = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(guess);
+    const report = fix(
+      T0 + 120 * SEC,
+      Cesium.Math.toDegrees(c.latitude) - 400 / 111_320,
+      Cesium.Math.toDegrees(c.longitude),
+      c.height,
+      112,
+      250,
+    );
+    fixes.push(report);
+    info.track = 250;
+    h.tracking._appendTrailFix(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(report.position),
+      report.epochMs,
+    );
+    h.run(start + 55 * SEC);
+    const recorded = h.flightState._trailFixes.filter((entry) => entry.drawn);
+    // Nothing recorded between the report and the end of the ease.
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      recorded
+        .filter(
+          (entry) =>
+            entry.timeMs > report.epochMs && entry.timeMs < displayMs + 900,
+        )
+        .map((entry) => entry.timeMs - T0),
+      [],
+    );
+    const line = h.bodyPoints();
+    assert.ok(indexOfPoint(line, report.position) >= 0);
+    assertNoSpur(line, 'trail');
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('military: a history report at an invented height is seeded with no position, and nothing is recorded next to it', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = departure();
+  fixes[3].inventedHeight = true;
+  const start = T0 + 90 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC;
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: start });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    const seeded = h.flightState._trailFixes.find(
+      (entry) => entry.timeMs === fixes[3].epochMs,
+    );
+    assert.equal(seeded.position, null);
+    assert.equal(seeded.nullAltitude, true);
+    h.run(start + 10 * SEC);
+    assert.equal(
+      h.flightState._trailFixes.filter((entry) => entry.drawn).length,
+      0,
+    );
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+// A turboprop at FL210 flying east out of receiver coverage: its last
+// position is at T0 + 30 s, and contact goes on for four more minutes.
+function outOfCoverage() {
+  const fixes = [
+    fix(T0, 43, -108.1, 6_400, 140, 90),
+    fix(T0 + 30 * SEC, 43, -108.05, 6_400, 140, 90),
+  ];
+  const info = {
+    altitudeFt: 21_000,
+    renderAltitudeM: 6_400,
+    rawLat: 43,
+    rawLon: -108.05,
+    speedMps: 140,
+    track: 90,
+    callsign: 'TEST7',
+    turnRateDps: 0,
+    onGround: false,
+    wasAirborne: true,
+    lastContactEpochMs: T0 + 30 * SEC + 240 * SEC,
+  };
+  return { fixes, info };
+}
+
+/** Display time (ms) `afterSec` past the last report. */
+const pastReport = (afterSec) =>
+  T0 + 30 * SEC + RENDER_DELAY_SEC * SEC + afterSec * SEC;
+
+test('military: a plane that stops reporting keeps moving dimmed as STALE from its first missed update, then stops as SIGNAL LOST', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = outOfCoverage();
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: pastReport(-5) });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    h.run(pastReport(30));
+    assert.deepEqual(h.tracking._trackedStaleCue(ICAO), {
+      text: '',
+      dimmed: false,
+    });
+    assert.equal(h.tracking._trackedIconColor().alpha, 1);
+    // The first missed update.
+    h.flightState.records.missingPolls.set(ICAO, 1);
+    assert.deepEqual(h.tracking._trackedStaleCue(ICAO), {
+      text: 'STALE',
+      dimmed: true,
+    });
+    assert.match(
+      h.tracking._buildTrackedLabel(h.flightState.records.data.get(ICAO), ICAO),
+      /STALE/,
+    );
+    // Drawn with the fleet's stale fade.
+    assert.equal(h.tracking._trackedIconColor().alpha, STALE_ALPHA);
+    // Still moving well past 90 s.
+    h.run(pastReport(200));
+    assert.ok(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(h.drawn.at(-1), h.drawn.at(-11)) > 100,
+    );
+    // The coast ends 300 s past the report; the plane stops there.
+    h.run(pastReport(310));
+    const recorded = h.flightState._trailFixes.filter((e) => e.drawn).length;
+    h.run(pastReport(330));
+    assert.ok(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(h.drawn.at(-1), h.drawn.at(-50)) < 0.01,
+    );
+    assert.equal(
+      h.flightState._trailFixes.filter((e) => e.drawn).length,
+      recorded,
+      'the trail kept recording a stopped plane',
+    );
+    // 330 s of display past the report is 330 s + the display delay of wall time.
+    const minutes = Math.floor((330 + RENDER_DELAY_SEC) / 60);
+    assert.deepEqual(h.tracking._trackedStaleCue(ICAO), {
+      text: `SIGNAL LOST · ${minutes} min`,
+      dimmed: true,
+    });
+    assert.match(
+      h.tracking._buildTrackedLabel(h.flightState.records.data.get(ICAO), ICAO),
+      new RegExp(`SIGNAL LOST · ${minutes} min`),
+    );
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('military: a plane held at its last report shows SIGNAL LOST in seconds under a minute', () => {
+  // Its last report is 100 m above a known ground height: it holds there.
+  const { fixes, info } = outOfCoverage();
+  const h = harness({
+    fixes,
+    info,
+    nowMs: pastReport(-5),
+    ground: () => 6_300,
+  });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    h.flightState.records.missingPolls.set(ICAO, 1);
+    h.run(pastReport(10));
+    assert.ok(10 + RENDER_DELAY_SEC < 60);
+    assert.deepEqual(h.tracking._trackedStaleCue(ICAO), {
+      text: `SIGNAL LOST · ${10 + RENDER_DELAY_SEC} s`,
+      dimmed: true,
+    });
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('military: a report arriving 200 s into a coast: the plane eases onto it and the trail drops what was drawn after it', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = outOfCoverage();
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: pastReport(-5) });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    h.run(pastReport(200));
+    // Heard again: the report is for 10 s before the display time, 2 km north
+    // of where the coast put it.
+    const at = T0 + 30 * SEC + 190 * SEC;
+    const guess = h.motion._deadReckon(
+      ICAO,
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+      Cesium.JulianDate.fromDate(new Date(at)),
+    );
+    const c = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(guess);
+    const report = fix(
+      at,
+      Cesium.Math.toDegrees(c.latitude) + 2_000 / 111_320,
+      Cesium.Math.toDegrees(c.longitude),
+      c.height,
+      140,
+      90,
+    );
+    fixes.push(report);
+    h.tracking._appendTrailFix(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(report.position),
+      report.epochMs,
+    );
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      h.flightState._trailFixes.filter(
+        (e) => e.drawn && e.timeMs > report.epochMs,
+      ),
+      [],
+    );
+    const from = h.drawn.length;
+    h.run(pastReport(203));
+    const after = h.drawn.slice(from - 1);
+    for (let i = 1; i < after.length; i++)
+      assert.ok(
+        Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(after[i], after[i - 1]) < 400,
+        'the plane jumped instead of easing',
+      );
+    // Eased onto the path from the report: 13 s on from it at 140 m/s.
+    const off = Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(after.at(-1), report.position);
+    assert.ok(
+      Math.abs(off - 140 * 13) < 150,
+      `${off.toFixed(0)} m from the report`,
+    );
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('military: a tracked plane that stops reporting: STALE from the first missed poll, SIGNAL LOST after the five-minute coast, kept at 9 min, removed at 10 min', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = outOfCoverage();
+  const fixMs = fixes.at(-1).epochMs;
+  // Contact stops with the position: the plane left coverage.
+  info.lastContactEpochMs = fixMs;
+  info.newestFixMs = fixMs;
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: fixMs + 5 * SEC });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    const records = h.flightState.records;
+    const polls = new Map();
+    let removedAtSec = null;
+    // A poll every 10 s that lists the plane without a position.
+    for (let afterSec = 10; afterSec <= 660; afterSec += 10) {
+      h.run(fixMs + afterSec * SEC, { frameMs: 500, readHead: false });
+      const result = records.absence(ICAO, {
+        complete: true,
+        retainIds: new Set([ICAO]),
+        likelyLanded: false,
+        tracked: true,
+      });
+      if (result === 'remove') {
+        removedAtSec = afterSec;
+        break;
+      }
+      polls.set(afterSec, {
+        cue: h.tracking._trackedStaleCue(ICAO),
+        drawn: Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(h.drawn.at(-1)),
+      });
+    }
+    // Wall time when the display reaches the end of the coast.
+    const coastEndSec = 300 + RENDER_DELAY_SEC;
+    for (const [afterSec, { cue }] of polls) {
+      if (afterSec <= coastEndSec) {
+        assert.deepEqual(cue, { text: 'STALE', dimmed: true }, `${afterSec} s`);
+      } else {
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          cue,
+          {
+            text: `SIGNAL LOST · ${Math.floor(afterSec / 60)} min`,
+            dimmed: true,
+          },
+          `${afterSec} s`,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+    const moved = (a, b) =>
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(polls.get(a).drawn, polls.get(b).drawn);
+    // Moving through the coast, still at its last speed at four minutes.
+    assert.ok(Math.abs(moved(230, 240) - 140 * 10) < 20);
+    // Stopped once the coast has ended.
+    const after = Math.ceil(coastEndSec / 10) * 10;
+    assert.ok(moved(after, 540) < 0.01);
+    assert.equal(polls.get(300).cue.text, 'STALE');
+    assert.deepEqual(polls.get(540).cue, {
+      text: 'SIGNAL LOST · 9 min',
+      dimmed: true,
+    });
+    assert.equal(removedAtSec, 600);
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('military: a repeated old fix counts as a missed update for the tracked plane', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = outOfCoverage();
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: pastReport(-5) });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    h.run(pastReport(-2));
+    assert.deepEqual(h.tracking._trackedStaleCue(ICAO), {
+      text: '',
+      dimmed: false,
+    });
+    // The feed re-sends the last position: its fix time did not advance.
+    h.flightState.records.fixRepeated.add(ICAO);
+    assert.deepEqual(h.tracking._trackedStaleCue(ICAO), {
+      text: 'STALE',
+      dimmed: true,
+    });
+    assert.equal(h.tracking._trackedIconColor().alpha, STALE_ALPHA);
+    assert.equal(h.flightState.records.missingPolls.has(ICAO), false);
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
+test('military: a report arriving after the plane has stopped: it eases in with no spur, and the trail keeps everything up to the stop', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = outOfCoverage();
+  info.lastContactEpochMs = fixes.at(-1).epochMs;
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: pastReport(-5) });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    h.run(pastReport(360));
+    const stop = Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(h.drawn.at(-1));
+    assert.ok(Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(stop, h.drawn.at(-100)) < 0.01);
+    const kept = h.flightState._trailFixes
+      .filter((e) => e.drawn)
+      .map((e) => Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(e.position));
+    // The thinned straight coast, recorded up to where the plane stopped.
+    assert.ok(kept.length >= 2);
+    assert.ok(Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(kept.at(-1), stop) < 300);
+    // Heard again, for 20 s before the display time: the plane flew on, a
+    // little north of its old heading.
+    const at = T0 + 30 * SEC + 340 * SEC;
+    const lonDeg =
+      -108.05 + (140 * 340) / (111_320 * Math.cos((43 * Math.PI) / 180));
+    const report = fix(at, 43 + 1_000 / 111_320, lonDeg, 6_400, 140, 90);
+    fixes.push(report);
+    h.tracking._appendTrailFix(
+      Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(report.position),
+      report.epochMs,
+    );
+    // Nothing was recorded after the stop, so nothing is dropped.
+    const after = h.flightState._trailFixes
+      .filter((e) => e.drawn)
+      .map((e) => e.position);
+    assert.equal(after.length, kept.length);
+    kept.forEach((p, i) =>
+      assert.ok(Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(p, after[i]) < 0.01),
+    );
+    const from = h.drawn.length;
+    h.run(pastReport(365));
+    const eased = h.drawn.slice(from - 1);
+    const jump = Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(eased[0], eased.at(-1));
+    for (let i = 1; i < eased.length; i++)
+      assert.ok(
+        Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(eased[i], eased[i - 1]) < jump / 2,
+        'the plane jumped instead of easing',
+      );
+    // On the path from the report: 25 s on from it at 140 m/s.
+    const off = Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(eased.at(-1), report.position);
+    assert.ok(Math.abs(off - 140 * 25) < 150, `${off.toFixed(0)} m`);
+    assertNoSpur(h.bodyPoints(), 'trail');
+    assertNoSpur(h.head(), 'head');
+    assert.ok(indexOfPoint(h.bodyPoints(), report.position) >= 0);
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});

From 8e25105a6ce78f6ec787948caefc15dc89543cfa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 11:33:14 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 112/181] docs(changelog): flight trails and SIGNAL LOST
 (#1654)

---
 changelog.d/1654-flight-trails-signal-lost.md | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1654-flight-trails-signal-lost.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1654-flight-trails-signal-lost.md b/changelog.d/1654-flight-trails-signal-lost.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..933708459
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1654-flight-trails-signal-lost.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+- A tracked flight's trail splits at feed gaps, impossible jumps and reports
+  without altitude instead of joining a day of history into one line, keeps
+  every history point, and follows the path the aircraft was drawn along so it
+  no longer cuts across turns. A tracked aircraft that stops reporting shows
+  STALE, keeps flying on its last heading for five minutes, then stops dimmed
+  as SIGNAL LOST and is kept ten minutes after its last report; aircraft on or
+  near the ground hold instead (Sameh Khamis, @samehkhamis, #1654).

From 486a78ad8e1769fc00751f3d5cecba8f323c00c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 11:37:04 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 113/181] fix(flights): a long flight keeps its route when it
 is up to 15% of the route's length off the great circle
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

The route check allowed 200 km off the great circle between the airports, so a
coast-to-coast flight routed a few hundred kilometres around weather lost its
origin and destination (JFK–SFO over Kansas, 384 km south). The tolerance is
now 200 km or 15% of the route's length, whichever is larger: 623 km for
JFK–SFO, and still 200 km for a short hop, so a wrong leg stays hidden.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md            |  7 +++++--
 src/data/routePlausible.js       | 11 ++++++++++-
 src/data/routePlausible.test.mjs | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 5c2e52c58..4fa9edd5b 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -4257,8 +4257,11 @@ down | auth-failed` (plus the unchanged `missing-key`/`unsupported`) with
 >   advances dead reckoning from the host frame.
 > - **Scheduled route plausibility:** Aircraft route labels and selected-route
 >   context reject the distant backwards, forwards and antipodal extensions of
->   an airport pair's great circle. The existing 130 km endpoint admission and
->   200 km cross-track tolerance remain; a projected fix outside the finite
+>   an airport pair's great circle. The existing 130 km endpoint admission
+>   remains; the cross-track tolerance is 200 km or 15% of the route's length,
+>   whichever is larger (JFK–SFO allows 623 km, as airways and winds take a
+>   coast-to-coast flight several hundred kilometres off the great circle); a
+>   projected fix outside the finite
 >   origin-to-destination minor arc also has a generous 200 km extension at
 >   either end. Missing coordinates and coincident or antipodal endpoint pairs
 >   retain their loose, unjudgeable behavior; vertical-trend checks are unchanged.
diff --git a/src/data/routePlausible.js b/src/data/routePlausible.js
index d52b44ef8..7b2cffc06 100644
--- a/src/data/routePlausible.js
+++ b/src/data/routePlausible.js
@@ -46,7 +46,13 @@ function alongTrackKm(position, origin, destination) {
 }
 
 const NEAR_ENDPOINT_KM = 130;
+/** Least allowed distance off the great circle, and how far past either
+ *  endpoint the plane may be along it. */
 const CROSS_TRACK_KM = 200;
+/** On a long route the allowed distance off the great circle grows to this
+ *  share of its length: airways and winds take a coast-to-coast flight several
+ *  hundred kilometres off it (JFK–SFO: 623 km). */
+const CROSS_TRACK_ROUTE_FRACTION = 0.15;
 const LOW_ALT_M = 3700; // ~12 000 ft
 const VERT_TREND_MPS = 2; // ~400 fpm
 const LOCAL_AIRPORT_KM = 150;
@@ -90,6 +96,9 @@ export function routePlausible({
     // existing loose check when the segment cannot be judged reliably.
     const segmentKnown =
       routeKm > 0.001 && routeKm < Math.PI * EARTH_RADIUS_KM - 0.001;
+    const corridorKm = segmentKnown
+      ? Math.max(CROSS_TRACK_KM, CROSS_TRACK_ROUTE_FRACTION * routeKm)
+      : CROSS_TRACK_KM;
     geomOk =
       Math.abs(
         crossTrackKm(
@@ -100,7 +109,7 @@ export function routePlausible({
           destination.lat,
           destination.lon,
         ),
-      ) < CROSS_TRACK_KM &&
+      ) < corridorKm &&
       (!segmentKnown ||
         (segmentAlongKm >= -CROSS_TRACK_KM &&
           segmentAlongKm <= routeKm + CROSS_TRACK_KM));
diff --git a/src/data/routePlausible.test.mjs b/src/data/routePlausible.test.mjs
index aa59a0c18..f4ca0c573 100644
--- a/src/data/routePlausible.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/routePlausible.test.mjs
@@ -27,6 +27,24 @@ test('plane in London with an SFO→LAX route: implausible', () => {
   }), false);
 });
 
+test('a long route allows a wider corridor; a short one does not', () => {
+  // JFK→SFO over Kansas, 384 km south of the great circle.
+  assert.equal(routePlausible({
+    latDeg: 38.21, lonDeg: -99.69, altitudeM: 10370, verticalRateMps: 0,
+    origin: JFK, destination: SFO,
+  }), true);
+  // 516 km off the 543 km SFO→LAX route is still the wrong route.
+  assert.equal(routePlausible({
+    latDeg: 37.9, lonDeg: -115.0, altitudeM: 10000, verticalRateMps: 0,
+    origin: SFO, destination: LAX,
+  }), false);
+  // 960 km off, past 15 % of the 4,152 km JFK→SFO route, is still wrong.
+  assert.equal(routePlausible({
+    latDeg: 33.0, lonDeg: -99.69, altitudeM: 10000, verticalRateMps: 0,
+    origin: JFK, destination: SFO,
+  }), false);
+});
+
 test('vertical trend: low climbing plane near SFO — origin must be local', () => {
   const nearSfo = { latDeg: 37.7, lonDeg: -122.4, altitudeM: 2500 };
   // JFK→SFO passes geometry (near destination), but a CLIMBING plane here just

From b97b49cf1d3169181f35a0ebcba6c9cb9b138943 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 11:37:14 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 114/181] docs(changelog): long-route corridor (#1655)

---
 changelog.d/1655-long-route-corridor.md | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1655-long-route-corridor.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1655-long-route-corridor.md b/changelog.d/1655-long-route-corridor.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5bc1bd84b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1655-long-route-corridor.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+- A long flight keeps its origin and destination when weather or airways take
+  it far off the great circle: the route check now allows 200 km or 15% of the
+  route's length, whichever is larger (623 km for JFK–SFO), while a short hop
+  still allows 200 km (Sameh Khamis, @samehkhamis, #1655).

From f3996da0af03143a4466db39abdf29ee24c5fd96 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 23:48:57 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 115/181] Street Level: a landed link, a replaced photo and a
 retired lookup keep their state

- A link's photo step compares with the navigation token its own restore
  flight owned, so a navigation after the flight landed (while the layers
  still load) keeps the camera.
- A request that switches the source keeps the open photo up until it is
  replaced (holdViewer), so EXPAND stays across sources.
- A lookup given up while it looked leaves the open photo and the panel as
  they were, also when it found nothing or failed.
- A failed replacement shows its error inside the expanded viewer.
- A replacing lookup stops a playing Mapillary sequence before the found
  photo opens.
- The action refuses coordinates outside the globe, keeps a name given with
  coordinates as its label, and fly: false keeps the camera only for
  coordinates (its test-only entity and query branches are gone).
- Numbered entities carry their label; a view's street-level point is a pair.
- Mapillary's nearest search always asks for 50 m and 100 images.
- Tests: the lifecycle reproductions, PLAY on replacement, out-of-range
  coordinates, half a point, and the named label; three layer tests share
  enabledLayer; the second payload digest is gone.
- Docs: the tool count, the panel freshness rule, armed: false, the photo
  replacement, the browser-gate comment and a shorter changelog fragment.
---
 SECURITY.md                                   |   2 +-
 changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md         |  49 ++---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                         |  21 +-
 src/app/embed.js                              |  10 +-
 src/layers/streetLevel/index.js               |  54 +++--
 src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs         |  90 +++-----
 src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.js        |   5 +-
 .../streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js  |   7 +-
 .../providers/mapillary/provider.test.mjs     |   6 +-
 .../providers/mapillary/replacePlay.test.mjs  |  56 +++++
 .../streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js |  11 +-
 .../providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs       |  15 +-
 .../streetLevel/providers/mapillary/viewer.js |  20 +-
 src/layers/streetLevel/registry.js            |   2 +-
 src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.js          |   7 +-
 src/streetLevelLifecycle.test.mjs             | 194 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/ui/shareRestoration.js                    |   4 +-
 src/ui/views/panels/StreetLevelPanel.vue      |   4 +-
 src/view/index.js                             |   7 +-
 src/view/index.test.mjs                       |  10 +
 src/voice/actionSchemas.test.mjs              |  25 +--
 src/voice/deixis.js                           |   2 +
 src/voice/deixis.test.mjs                     |   2 +-
 src/voice/gevActions.js                       |  72 +++----
 src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs                 | 108 ++--------
 src/voice/pointAndAsk.test.mjs                |  14 +-
 26 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 327 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/replacePlay.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/streetLevelLifecycle.test.mjs

diff --git a/SECURITY.md b/SECURITY.md
index 6f3dc4ce6..21affbcab 100644
--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ God's Eye View's tools are also served to MCP clients: over stdio (`npm run mcp`
 - **What the panel's requests can reach.** In clients that display MCP Apps, the panel loads the app through the `panel_request` tool, which requests paths on the app's server. It is marked for the panel only and requires a key that each MCP server puts in its panel page, which keeps it from clients that list tools to the model without loading the panel. That key is not access control: any MCP client can read the panel page, key included, and then reach the app's files and data routes through `panel_request`, much as its other tools reach the data. Provider Settings, credential and model endpoints, `/mcp` and the development server's internal routes are refused to every caller.
 - **The panel carries the two browser keys.** The panel build (`npm run build:panel`) includes the same Google Maps key and Cesium ion token as the app, and they run inside the client's panel page, on the client's site. A key restricted by HTTP referrer must also allow that page, or the panel cannot load tiles. To keep the app's own keys narrower, build the panel with separately restricted keys in the environment of `npm run build:panel`.
 - **Embed mode is not framable by default.** `?embed=1` documents keep `X-Frame-Options: DENY` and `frame-ancestors 'none'` unless `GEV_EMBED_FRAME_ANCESTORS` names the pages that may frame them; a framing page can change what the app shows. Other documents can never be framed.
-- **A plain link never loads a billed Street View panorama without a click.** A share link with `sl=google,<lat>,<lon>` flies there, switches to Google 3D and lights Street View, then stops: the panel is armed and the photo loads only when the visitor presses OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW (one lookup and one panorama load on the browser Maps key, no retries, no geocoding or server call). A view posted into the embedded app (the God's Eye View panel, or a page `GEV_EMBED_FRAME_ANCESTORS` allows), and the panel page's own opening link for a tool result issued in the last five minutes, are that client's own request and open the photo; a client that mounts the panel again later (reopening a conversation) hands it the old result, which only arms, and so does any later result on the same mount issued more than five minutes ago; adding `?embed=1` to a published link does not lift the gate (in a frame the link only arms; the panel that holds OPEN is hidden there, so a posted view is the way to open a photo). The OPEN press uses the link's point only while the ground under the screen centre is within 1 km of it; with the sky in the middle it opens nothing. The armed lookup dies when its source is switched off, when its map leaves, or when any other photo opens or closes. A link pasted into an open tab follows the same rule, and a link's source switch and layer are never saved as the recipient's own preferences. A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`. Mapillary, KartaView and Panoramax links open their photo at once; none of them bills per image.
+- **A plain link never loads a billed Street View panorama without a click.** A share link with `sl=google,<lat>,<lon>` flies there, switches to Google 3D and lights Street View, then stops: the panel is armed and the photo loads only when the visitor presses OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW (one lookup and one panorama load on the browser Maps key, no retries, no geocoding or server call). A view posted into the embedded app (the God's Eye View panel, or a page `GEV_EMBED_FRAME_ANCESTORS` allows), and the panel page's own opening link for a tool result issued in the last five minutes, are that client's own request and open the photo; freshness is judged only by the result's `issued_at`, so a result older than five minutes only arms, whether the panel was mounted again (reopening a conversation) or got it later on the same mount, while one re-sent or remounted within five minutes of issue opens the photo again; adding `?embed=1` to a published link does not lift the gate (in a frame the link only arms; the panel that holds OPEN is hidden there, so a posted view is the way to open a photo). The OPEN press uses the link's point only while the ground under the screen centre is within 1 km of it; with the sky in the middle it opens nothing. The armed lookup dies when its source is switched off, when its map leaves, or when any other photo opens or closes. A link pasted into an open tab follows the same rule, and a link's source switch and layer are never saved as the recipient's own preferences. A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`. Mapillary, KartaView and Panoramax links open their photo at once; none of them bills per image.
 
 ## Scope & expectations
 
diff --git a/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md b/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
index ca56834ec..89f47726e 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
@@ -1,40 +1,15 @@
 - "Show me X on Street View" (or on Mapillary, KartaView or Panoramax): a
   `show_street_level` voice and typed action flies to the place, switches to
   Google 3D when the source needs it, lights that source in Street Level,
-  turns the layer on and opens the nearest photo, reporting which step failed.
-  Views and share links carry the same request (`street_level`, `sl=`), so
-  `show_in_gods_eye_view` and a link can open a panorama at a place. Street
-  View lookups from a geocoded place search up to 250 m; clicks keep 50 m. A
-  plain link with `sl=google` arms Street View and leaves the billed load to a
-  press of OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW, which aims at the view centre again once
-  the visitor has moved more than 1 km away; embedded views open it, and the
-  God's Eye View panel only for a result issued in the last five minutes. On
-  a phone, a photo that opens or a link that arms opens the Cameras sheet;
-  in cockpit, clean view, recording or scene playback the action says the
-  panel is hidden instead of loading a photo nobody sees. Embedded photos
-  remain available over the clean globe. Mapillary's
-  nearest-photo search asks for 100 photos, so the nearest and the filter's
-  pick come from the spot's photos rather than an arbitrary eight. The source the
-  action lights stays lit like a chip click. An unavailable map stack now
-  reports the controller's own reason instead of always asking for a Cesium
-  ion token. When nothing is found and a 360°, flat or SINCE filter the source
-  honours is on, the answer names the filter. Cancelled lookups clear their
-  loading state over an existing photo and release their caller abort listeners.
-  Embedded photos show loading errors inside the overlay, and the OPEN prompt
-  uses the recipient's selected language. A link's photos never save its
-  layers as the recipient's preferences, and a link pasted into an open tab
-  opens or arms them too. With no place named, the action looks under the
-  screen centre as OPEN does; an armed OPEN aimed at the sky opens nothing; a
-  failing source is reported as an error, not as missing imagery; and
-  Mapillary's nearest search gives up after 12 seconds. On a phone the panel
-  scrolls into view, and in embed mode EXPAND stays open while cockpit,
-  recording and scene playback hide the photo. The action checks again after
-  every wait: a navigation or a drag of the globe, or a mode that hides the
-  panel, stops it before a photo loads for a place the user left or in a
-  panel nobody sees, also between finding a photo and loading it. A request
-  that finds nothing closes the previous photo, and one that finds a photo
-  replaces it in place, so EXPAND stays. A link whose restore flight the
-  visitor interrupted, or a posted view the user overtook, leaves their
-  camera and photo alone, and a photo found but not loaded keeps its error.
-  Mapillary's timeout message is translated. The panel's later results open a billed photo only when they are
-  fresh too (Said Turksever, @asturksever, #1113).
+  turns the layer on and opens the nearest photo, saying which step failed.
+  With no place named it looks under the screen centre, as OPEN does. Views
+  and share links carry the same request (`street_level`, `sl=`). A plain
+  `sl=google` link never loads a billed panorama by itself: it arms Street
+  View and leaves the load to OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW; embedded views open it,
+  and so does the God's Eye View panel for a result issued in the last five
+  minutes. A request stops when the user navigates or hides the panel before
+  its photo loads; a new photo replaces the open one in place, so EXPAND
+  stays. When nothing is found and a 360°, flat or SINCE filter is on, the
+  answer names the filter. An unavailable map stack now reports the
+  controller's own reason instead of always asking for a Cesium ion token
+  (Said Turksever, @asturksever, #1113).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 6983e1a88..32494ab44 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -1094,7 +1094,7 @@ Voice controls bind to a protocol-independent session factory. The default WebRT
 
 The standalone app offers OpenAI and Gemini Live through the **AI Provider** setting, shared by voice and typed chat. Gemini keeps its permanent API key on the local server and mints a short-lived, single-use credential with server-owned instructions and the standalone action catalog. Its native WebSocket adapter supports open microphone and push-to-talk input, streaming audio, captions and the existing action runner. In push-to-talk, a tool call that arrives with no input, reply or tool result outstanding is answered with a failure and never runs, and neither does any other call in the reply it starts; open-microphone turns start on Gemini's server-side activity detection, which reports no boundary to check. Switching providers ends the old conversation and releases its microphone and connection; only the input mode carries over. Gemini uses bounded shutdown draining and explicit manual restart, without automatic reconnection or a promise of uninterrupted session duration. Hosts that do not opt into the provider facade retain their existing default or custom adapter.
 
-Voice action argument schemas have one portable owner under `src/voice/actionSchemas.js`. The Realtime provider builds 34 tools using separate description-only metadata; a session is offered 33 of them unless `OVERPASS_UPSTREAMS` is set, which adds `osm_query` and its one prompt sentence (`server/providers/openai/tools.js`). Description customization cannot replace argument types, enum values or required fields.
+Voice action argument schemas have one portable owner under `src/voice/actionSchemas.js`. The Realtime provider builds 35 tools using separate description-only metadata; a session is offered 34 of them unless `OVERPASS_UPSTREAMS` is set, which adds `osm_query` and its one prompt sentence (`server/providers/openai/tools.js`). Description customization cannot replace argument types, enum values or required fields.
 
 Voice areas live in a store owned by the action runner for the page (`src/data/areaStore.js`); the model gets an `areaId`, a rounded bounding box and a summary, never geometry. `resolve_area` (`src/voice/areaActions.js`, `src/data/areaResolver.js`) checks the store, bundled Natural Earth regions, then bundled countries and states by name — a name several prominent units share returns up to four candidates unless the view is inside exactly one — and then the annotation outline ladder (`resolveAnnotationTarget`: bundled counties, Census places and neighborhoods, the guarded `/api/geocode/outline`, and Overpass only when configured). Administrative geometry is stored only when its source identity agrees with the requested unit, by name or by a form the bundled matcher reads as that unit at its level ("State of Texas", "Province of Bagmati", "USA", "UK"; not "Great Britain" or "Korea"); stale, mismatched, synthesized or otherwise unverified administrative boundaries are refused rather than relabelled. Clarification IDs use the bounded `ne:<kind>:<slug>` grammar and are accepted only from the current resolver's candidate memory. A lookup past 8 s answers `AREA_TIMEOUT` and keeps filling the caches. `around=true` asks the same ladder for the grounds enclosing a landmark (Nominatim, then the OpenFreeMap area holding it) and otherwise stores a 250 m buffer marked approximate. `analyst_query` scopes add `area`, `drawn` (newest draw-tool outline) and `annotation` (newest or named outline); region scopes use the same resolver within 3 s. Drawn outlines are a simplified copy (≤1,200 vertices); counting reads the stored geometry (`src/data/areaGeometry.js`). `find_imagery` (`src/voice/imageryActions.js`) sets the Recent Imagery box from an area, the view or the turn's pointer snapshot and pins the best acquisition; any hand change to the panel or explicit layer OFF while it searches ends the request (`DISPLACED`) without pinning or success narration. `osm_query` asks `/api/osm/features` for one curated preset in a bounded box; the route answers `OVERPASS_NOT_CONFIGURED` without an operator Overpass. Results go to the session-only `osm-places` layer and become the analyst's last answer; a list capped at its limit stays incomplete in follow-ups, which keep its "listed the first N" caveat and report counts as floors. An explicit OSM Places OFF while the provider is pending aborts the work and prevents re-enable, result, credit and follow-up-memory commits. The voice answer deadline also aborts the client provider request, so the caller does not leave a timed-out request without a cancellation owner. The server's whole search (22 s across every configured endpoint, with Overpass told 20 s) ends before that 25 s deadline, because a browser that stops waiting cancels the upstream query and leaves nothing cached for a retry.
 
@@ -5079,8 +5079,8 @@ source has its key (a keyless source explains itself and changes nothing, as
 a chip does), flies to the place at street framing and waits for arrival (a
 name, coordinates, a pointed spot, a numbered item, or nothing for the
 ground under the screen centre, as OPEN uses: `aim: 'screen-centre'` with
-`armed: false`, so sky refuses and a link's armed point is neither used nor
-dropped), switches to the map the source needs (Google Street View: Google 3D),
+`armed: false`, so sky refuses and a link's armed point is not used and is
+kept until a photo opens), switches to the map the source needs (Google Street View: Google 3D),
 lights that source through `setLayerParams` with origin `voice` (one source at
 a time, kept in the share link like a chip click; a link runs the action with
 origin `programmatic`, for the source switch and the layer, so it never writes
@@ -5147,11 +5147,16 @@ checks again after every await (flight, map switch, layer on, lookup): a
 newer turn, a shell navigation stamp (`_navigationGeneration`, re-taken where
 its own flight lands) or a press or wheel on the globe stops the remaining
 stages (`superseded: true`), and cockpit, clean view, recording or scene
-playback entered meanwhile ends it at the `view` stage; a photo that opened
-after either is closed again. The hidden-panel check also runs before the
-flight, so a recording's camera never moves for it. A photo already open
-closes before the new request arms or looks up, so a place with no imagery
-shows its own error, not the previous place's photo. A plain
+playback entered meanwhile ends it at the `view` stage. During the lookup the
+same checks run before a found photo loads (`proceed`), so nothing billed
+loads for a request that was given up, and a lookup given up leaves the
+panel as it was; a photo that opened after either is closed again. The
+hidden-panel check also runs before the flight, so a recording's camera never
+moves for it. A photo already open stays up while the new request looks (the
+viewer is replaced, not closed, so EXPAND stays, also when the request
+switches the source) and closes if the request opens nothing, so a place with
+no imagery shows its own error, not the previous place's photo; a link that
+only arms closes it at once. A plain
 link never loads a photo from a source that bills every load
 (`billedPerImage` on the provider; Google): the action runs with
 `autoOpen: false`, arms the lookup on the layer (`armNearest`: the link's
diff --git a/src/app/embed.js b/src/app/embed.js
index 1f18db5e0..d1ad4653c 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.js
+++ b/src/app/embed.js
@@ -341,10 +341,16 @@ export function installViews({
   // A restore whose camera never landed (the recipient dragged, searched or
   // opened another place during its flight) leaves the camera with them.
   const cameraLanded = (outcome) => outcome?.share?.camera === 'applied';
+  // The generation the restore's own flight owned: a navigation after it
+  // landed, while the layers still loaded, has moved on from it.
+  const restoreGeneration = (outcome) =>
+    Number.isInteger(outcome?.navigationToken)
+      ? outcome.navigationToken
+      : shell._navigationGeneration;
   let generationAtRestore = null;
   let startSuperseded = false;
   let queue = ready.then((outcome) => {
-    generationAtRestore = shell._navigationGeneration;
+    generationAtRestore = restoreGeneration(outcome);
     startSuperseded =
       outcome?.status === 'superseded' ||
       (Boolean(outcome?.share) && !cameraLanded(outcome));
@@ -414,7 +420,7 @@ export function installViews({
       new URLSearchParams(String(location?.hash || '').replace(/^#/, '')),
     );
     if (!streetLevel) return;
-    const generation = shell._navigationGeneration;
+    const generation = restoreGeneration(event.detail);
     queue = linkStep(() => openLinkedStreetLevel(streetLevel, { generation }));
   };
   windowRef?.addEventListener?.(
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
index 96992e347..5e13e647d 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
@@ -266,8 +266,11 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
     if (providerAvailable(entry)) parts.credits.show(state.viewer, entry.def);
   }
 
+  /** Requests replacing the open photo that switch its source keep it up. */
+  let viewerHolds = 0;
+
   function deactivate(entry) {
-    parts.viewerHost.unmount(entry.def.id);
+    if (!viewerHolds) parts.viewerHost.unmount(entry.def.id);
     entry.instance.deactivate();
     parts.credits.hide(state.viewer, entry.def);
   }
@@ -280,6 +283,13 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
     nearestLookup = null;
   }
 
+  /** Close the image and deselect its sequence on the map. */
+  function closeViewer() {
+    abortNearest();
+    parts.viewerHost.close();
+    parts.clearSequences();
+  }
+
   /** Ground under the screen centre; null for sky, undefined when it cannot aim. */
   function screenCentreGround() {
     const canvas = state.viewer?.scene?.canvas;
@@ -692,15 +702,17 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
      * street); clicks keep the default. A caller's `signal` retires the
      * lookup: nothing opens after it fires. Providers without
      * `nearestImage` are skipped. `armed: false` (a request of its own, such
-     * as the assistant's) neither uses nor drops a link's armed point. Why
+     * as the assistant's) does not use a link's armed point, and keeps it
+     * while it looks; a photo it opens ends it, as any opened photo does. Why
      * nothing opened is left in `street.nearestOutcome`: 'empty' (no imagery
      * in reach), 'sky' (the screen centre is not ground), or null (an error).
      * `replace: true` (a request that takes over the panel) keeps an open
      * photo up while it looks, so the viewer and EXPAND stay, and closes it
      * when the lookup opens nothing: the panel shows this request's outcome.
-     * `proceed()` is asked once the lookup has found an image and before it
-     * loads; false retires the request (a photo that bills every load must
-     * not load for a request its caller has given up).
+     * `proceed()` is asked before a found image loads and before an empty
+     * or failed lookup reports; false retires the request and leaves the
+     * panel as it was (a photo that bills every load must not load for a
+     * request its caller has given up).
      */
     async openNearest(
       point,
@@ -722,9 +734,7 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
       const armed = useArmed ? state.street.armed : null;
       if (useArmed) state.street.armed = null;
       const closeReplaced = () => {
-        if (!replace || !state.street.open) return;
-        parts.viewerHost.close();
-        parts.clearSequences();
+        if (replace && state.street.open) closeViewer();
       };
       if (!point && aim === 'screen-centre' && armed) {
         // The button promises the centre of the view: the link's spot only
@@ -812,6 +822,9 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
         if (proceed && proceed() !== true) return retired();
         nearestLookup = null;
         callerSignal?.removeEventListener('abort', onCallerAbort);
+        // The photo asked for stays on screen: a sequence playing in the
+        // photo it replaces stops.
+        if (replace && state.street.open) parts.viewerHost.stopPlayback();
         // The caller's signal still counts while the viewer mounts and loads.
         return openImage(entry.def.id, imageId, {
           frame,
@@ -821,6 +834,9 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
       callerSignal?.removeEventListener('abort', onCallerAbort);
       // Replaced while it looked: the panel is the newer lookup's.
       if (nearestLookup !== lookup) return false;
+      // Given up by its caller while it looked: the open photo stays, and
+      // the panel reports nothing of this lookup.
+      if (proceed && proceed() !== true) return retired();
       nearestLookup = null;
       closeReplaced();
       // Switched off while it looked: nothing to open, nothing to report.
@@ -848,11 +864,23 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
       notify();
       return false;
     },
-    /** Close the image and deselect its sequence on the map. */
-    closeViewer() {
-      abortNearest();
-      parts.viewerHost.close();
-      parts.clearSequences();
+    closeViewer,
+    /**
+     * Keep the open photo up while a request that replaces it switches the
+     * source (the viewer and EXPAND are replaced, not closed). The returned
+     * release closes it if its source is still off by then.
+     */
+    holdViewer() {
+      viewerHolds += 1;
+      let held = true;
+      return () => {
+        if (!held) return;
+        held = false;
+        viewerHolds -= 1;
+        if (viewerHolds) return;
+        for (const entry of state.providers.values())
+          if (!entry.on) parts.viewerHost.unmount(entry.def.id);
+      };
     },
     /**
      * Prepare a nearest lookup for the next OPEN press without running it: a
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
index ce6a91abc..92cb2338e 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
@@ -366,7 +366,11 @@ function fakeViewer() {
 }
 
 /** A layer over `providers`, initialised and enabled on a stand-in viewer. */
-async function enabledLayer(t, providers = [fakeProvider()]) {
+async function enabledLayer(
+  t,
+  providers = [fakeProvider()],
+  { services, setup } = {},
+) {
   const saved = globalThis.document;
   // A pose moves the position marker, whose glyph is drawn on a canvas.
   const drawing = new Proxy({}, { get: () => () => ({ addColorStop() {} }) });
@@ -374,7 +378,11 @@ async function enabledLayer(t, providers = [fakeProvider()]) {
     createElement: () => ({ getContext: () => drawing }),
   });
   const viewer = fakeViewer();
-  const layer = createStreetLevelLayer({ providers });
+  setup?.(viewer);
+  const layer = createStreetLevelLayer({
+    providers,
+    ...(services ? { services } : {}),
+  });
   layer.init(viewer);
   layer.enable(viewer);
   t.after(() => {
@@ -1944,7 +1952,6 @@ test('the panel says why a lit Street View draws nothing off Google 3D', async (
 });
 
 test('OPEN aimed at the sky after a link armed opens nothing: never the far link point', async (t) => {
-  const { createStreetLevelLayer: create } = await import('./index.js');
   const scenePick = await import('../../data/scenePick.js');
   const lookups = [];
   const provider = fakeProvider({
@@ -1953,26 +1960,18 @@ test('OPEN aimed at the sky after a link armed opens nothing: never the far link
       return null;
     },
   });
-  const saved = globalThis.document;
-  const drawing = new Proxy({}, { get: () => () => ({ addColorStop() {} }) });
-  globalThis.document = Object.assign(new EventTarget(), {
-    createElement: () => ({ getContext: () => drawing }),
-  });
-  const viewer = fakeViewer();
-  // Every pick misses the ground: the screen centre is sky.
-  Object.assign(viewer.scene, {
-    pickPositionSupported: true,
-    pickPosition: () => undefined,
-  });
-  viewer.globe = { pick: () => undefined };
-  viewer.scene.canvas.clientWidth = 1000;
-  viewer.scene.canvas.clientHeight = 600;
-  const layer = create({ providers: [provider], services: { scenePick } });
-  layer.init(viewer);
-  layer.enable(viewer);
-  t.after(() => {
-    layer.destroy();
-    globalThis.document = saved;
+  const { layer } = await enabledLayer(t, [provider], {
+    services: { scenePick },
+    setup: (viewer) => {
+      // Every pick misses the ground: the screen centre is sky.
+      Object.assign(viewer.scene, {
+        pickPositionSupported: true,
+        pickPosition: () => undefined,
+      });
+      viewer.globe = { pick: () => undefined };
+      viewer.scene.canvas.clientWidth = 1000;
+      viewer.scene.canvas.clientHeight = 600;
+    },
   });
   layer.armNearest({ lat: 48.8584, lon: 2.2945 }, { radiusM: 250 });
   assert.equal(
@@ -1986,7 +1985,6 @@ test('OPEN aimed at the sky after a link armed opens nothing: never the far link
 });
 
 test('a request of its own (armed: false) neither uses nor drops the link’s armed point', async (t) => {
-  const { createStreetLevelLayer: create } = await import('./index.js');
   const scenePick = await import('../../data/scenePick.js');
   const lookups = [];
   const provider = fakeProvider({
@@ -1995,25 +1993,18 @@ test('a request of its own (armed: false) neither uses nor drops the link’s ar
       return null;
     },
   });
-  const saved = globalThis.document;
-  const drawing = new Proxy({}, { get: () => () => ({ addColorStop() {} }) });
-  globalThis.document = Object.assign(new EventTarget(), {
-    createElement: () => ({ getContext: () => drawing }),
-  });
-  const viewer = fakeViewer();
   const centre = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-121.4937, 38.5799, 0);
-  Object.assign(viewer.scene, {
-    pickPositionSupported: true,
-    pickPosition: (at) => (at.x === 500 && at.y === 300 ? centre : undefined),
-  });
-  viewer.scene.canvas.clientWidth = 1000;
-  viewer.scene.canvas.clientHeight = 600;
-  const layer = create({ providers: [provider], services: { scenePick } });
-  layer.init(viewer);
-  layer.enable(viewer);
-  t.after(() => {
-    layer.destroy();
-    globalThis.document = saved;
+  const { layer } = await enabledLayer(t, [provider], {
+    services: { scenePick },
+    setup: (viewer) => {
+      Object.assign(viewer.scene, {
+        pickPositionSupported: true,
+        pickPosition: (at) =>
+          at.x === 500 && at.y === 300 ? centre : undefined,
+      });
+      viewer.scene.canvas.clientWidth = 1000;
+      viewer.scene.canvas.clientHeight = 600;
+    },
   });
   // About 120 m away: an OPEN press would take the link's spot.
   layer.armNearest({ lat: 38.5808, lon: -121.494 }, { radiusM: 250 });
@@ -2030,25 +2021,12 @@ test('a request of its own (armed: false) neither uses nor drops the link’s ar
 });
 
 test('a failing source is not reported as missing imagery', async (t) => {
-  const { createStreetLevelLayer: create } = await import('./index.js');
   const provider = fakeProvider({
     nearestImage: async () => {
       throw new Error('Mapillary graph HTTP 500');
     },
   });
-  const saved = globalThis.document;
-  const drawing = new Proxy({}, { get: () => () => ({ addColorStop() {} }) });
-  globalThis.document = Object.assign(new EventTarget(), {
-    createElement: () => ({ getContext: () => drawing }),
-  });
-  const viewer = fakeViewer();
-  const layer = create({ providers: [provider] });
-  layer.init(viewer);
-  layer.enable(viewer);
-  t.after(() => {
-    layer.destroy();
-    globalThis.document = saved;
-  });
+  const { layer } = await enabledLayer(t, [provider]);
   assert.equal(await layer.openNearest({ lat: 1, lon: 2 }), false);
   const street = layer.getUIState().street;
   assert.equal(street.nearestOutcome, null);
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.js
index b71fe7cd7..80a86836c 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.js
@@ -532,9 +532,8 @@ export function createLineCoverage({
   }
 
   /**
-   * The sequence lines drawn now, as `[lon, lat]` parts per sequence: for
-   * diagnostics and the browser gate, which aims its clicks at them instead
-   * of scanning pixels: what each tile drew (`attachPrimitive` keeps it in
+   * The sequence lines drawn now, as `[lon, lat]` parts per sequence, for
+   * diagnostics: what each tile drew (`attachPrimitive` keeps it in
    * `entry.sequences`). Read-only copies.
    */
   function drawnLines() {
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js
index 97d3460b3..c40bed62c 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import {
 import { createSequenceCones, thinImages } from '../../sequenceCones.js';
 import { coverageZoomForHeight } from '../../tileMath.js';
 import { passesImageryFilter } from '../../filter.js';
-import { NEAREST_RADIUS_M } from '../../policy.js';
 import { metresBetween } from '../../view.js';
 import { decodeCoverageTile } from './decode.js';
 import { createMapillaryViewer } from './viewer.js';
@@ -20,7 +19,6 @@ import {
   MAPILLARY_NAME,
   MAPILLARY_PROVIDER_ID,
   MAPILLARY_SOURCE_METHODS,
-  NEAREST_LIMIT,
   PICK_PREFIX,
   RATE_LIMITED_MESSAGE,
 } from './policy.js';
@@ -206,10 +204,7 @@ export function createMapillaryProvider({ source, photoViewer = null }) {
          * cone). The core aborts `signal` once a newer request overtakes it.
          */
         async nearestImage({ lat, lon }, { signal } = {}) {
-          const images = await source.nearestImages(
-            { lat, lon, radius: NEAREST_RADIUS_M, limit: NEAREST_LIMIT },
-            { signal },
-          );
+          const images = await source.nearestImages({ lat, lon }, { signal });
           // The API returns the images in the radius in no particular order.
           const metres = (record) => {
             const [lon2, lat2] = (record.computed_geometry || record.geometry)
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/provider.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/provider.test.mjs
index 31ec665ad..aa1f2463f 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/provider.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/provider.test.mjs
@@ -200,11 +200,7 @@ test('nearestImage opens the closest image that passes the filter, not the first
   );
   assert.equal(await flat.nearestImage({ lat: 1, lon: 2 }, { signal }), 'near');
   assert.equal(requests[0].options.signal, signal, 'the core can abort it');
-  assert.equal(requests[0].query.radius, 50);
-  // The API cuts at the limit before any order: a small one would sort and
-  // filter a handful of arbitrary photos (a 360° filter could find none).
-  assert.equal(requests[0].query.limit, 100, "the API's most");
-  assert.deepEqual([requests[0].query.lat, requests[0].query.lon], [1, 2]);
+  assert.deepEqual(requests[0].query, { lat: 1, lon: 2 });
   const any = createMapillaryProvider({ source }).create(fakeContext());
   assert.equal(await any.nearestImage({ lat: 1, lon: 2 }), 'near-pano');
   const tooOld = createMapillaryProvider({ source }).create(
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/replacePlay.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/replacePlay.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a8a2984c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/replacePlay.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import '../../../../testSupport/registerDom.mjs';
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { registerHooks } from 'node:module';
+import { createStreetLevelLayer } from '../../index.js';
+import { fakeStreetLevelProvider, fakeCesiumViewer } from '../../../../testSupport/streetLevelFakes.mjs';
+import { createMapillaryViewer } from './viewer.js';
+import { showStreetLevel } from '../../../../voice/gevActions.js';
+
+// Library boundary fixture: moveTo changes the image without stopping PLAY,
+// matching installed MapillaryJS Viewer.moveTo / Navigator.moveTo$.
+const fakeLibrary = `export class Viewer {
+  constructor() { globalThis.__replacePlayViewer = this; this.playing = false; this.id = null; this.stops = 0; }
+  on() {} remove() {} resize() {} setRenderMode() {}
+  getComponent() { return { play: () => {this.playing = true;}, stop: () => {this.playing = false; this.stops++;} }; }
+  async moveTo(id) { this.id = id; return { id, sequenceId: 'fixture-sequence', cameraType: 'perspective' }; }
+  async getPosition() { return { lng: 2, lat: 48 }; }
+  async getPointOfView() { return { bearing: 0 }; }
+}
+export class GraphDataProvider {}
+export const RenderMode = { Fill: 1, Letterbox: 0 };`;
+const hooks = registerHooks({
+  resolve(specifier, context, next) {
+    if (specifier === 'mapillary-js') return { url: 'data:text/javascript,' + encodeURIComponent(fakeLibrary), shortCircuit: true };
+    if (specifier.endsWith('mapillary.css')) return { url: 'data:text/javascript,export default {}', shortCircuit: true };
+    return next(specifier, context);
+  },
+});
+globalThis.fetch = async () => { throw new Error('Unexpected network use in offline test'); };
+test('a photo the action asks for stops sequence PLAY', async t => {
+  const provider = fakeStreetLevelProvider({ nearestImage: async () => 'B' });
+  const create = provider.create;
+  provider.create = context => ({ ...create(context), viewer: createMapillaryViewer({ source: { token: '' } }) });
+  const viewer = fakeCesiumViewer(); viewer.canvas = viewer.scene.canvas;
+  const layer = createStreetLevelLayer({ providers: [provider] });
+  layer.init(viewer); layer.enable(viewer);
+  layer.attachViewerHost(document.body.appendChild(document.createElement('div')));
+  t.after(() => { layer.destroy(); hooks.deregister(); delete globalThis.__replacePlayViewer; document.body.replaceChildren(); });
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  await layer.openImage('mapillary', 'A', { frame: false });
+  const libraryViewer = globalThis.__replacePlayViewer;
+  libraryViewer.getComponent('sequence').play();
+  assert.equal(libraryViewer.playing, true);
+  const manager = {
+    layers: new Map([['street-level', { module: layer }]]), isEnabled: () => true,
+    getLayerParams: () => layer.getParams(), setLayerParams: (_id, params) => layer.setParams(params),
+  };
+  const result = await showStreetLevel({ provider: 'mapillary', latitude: 48, longitude: 2 }, {
+    viewer, dataManager: manager, styleManager: { _navigationGeneration: 1 },
+    runGevAction: async () => ({ ok: true, latitude: 48, longitude: 2, label: 'fixture destination' }),
+  });
+  assert.equal(result.ok, true);
+  assert.equal(libraryViewer.id, 'B');
+  assert.equal(layer.getUIState().street.open, true);
+  assert.equal(libraryViewer.playing, false, 'requested image must stay selected rather than continue sequence PLAY');
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js
index 156771de6..032240e7b 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.js
@@ -196,18 +196,15 @@ export function createMapillarySource({
       return Array.isArray(payload?.data) ? payload.data : [];
     },
 
-    /** Images within `radius` metres of a point, in no particular order. */
-    async nearestImages(
-      { lat, lon, radius = NEAREST_RADIUS_M, limit = NEAREST_LIMIT },
-      { signal } = {},
-    ) {
+    /** Images within `NEAREST_RADIUS_M` of a point, in no particular order. */
+    async nearestImages({ lat, lon }, { signal } = {}) {
       const payload = await graph(
         'images',
         {
           lat: String(lat),
           lng: String(lon),
-          radius: String(Math.min(50, Math.max(1, radius))),
-          limit: String(Math.min(100, Math.max(1, limit))),
+          radius: String(NEAREST_RADIUS_M),
+          limit: String(NEAREST_LIMIT),
           fields: NEAREST_IMAGE_FIELDS,
         },
         { signal, timeoutMs: NEAREST_TIMEOUT_MS },
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs
index d7fb8b7ee..9afc41291 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/source.test.mjs
@@ -126,24 +126,21 @@ test('a rejected key and a rate limit are told apart from other tile errors', as
   );
 });
 
-test('nearestImages asks the graph API around a point, its radius and limit clamped', async () => {
+test('nearestImages asks the graph API around a point, within 50 m, for at most 100 images', async () => {
   const { calls, fetchImpl } = fakeFetch(() =>
     jsonResponse({ data: [{ id: '1', geometry: { coordinates: [1, 2] } }] }),
   );
   const source = createMapillarySource({ token: 'MLY|1|abc', fetchImpl });
-  const images = await source.nearestImages({
-    lat: 38.5,
-    lon: -121.5,
-    radius: 500,
-    limit: 500,
-  });
+  const images = await source.nearestImages({ lat: 38.5, lon: -121.5 });
   assert.equal(images.length, 1);
   const url = new URL(calls[0].url);
   assert.equal(url.pathname, '/images');
   assert.equal(url.searchParams.get('lat'), '38.5');
   assert.equal(url.searchParams.get('lng'), '-121.5');
-  assert.equal(url.searchParams.get('radius'), '50', 'the API maximum');
-  assert.equal(url.searchParams.get('limit'), '100');
+  assert.equal(url.searchParams.get('radius'), '50');
+  // The API cuts at the limit before any order: a small one would sort and
+  // filter a handful of arbitrary photos (a 360° filter could find none).
+  assert.equal(url.searchParams.get('limit'), '100', "the API's most");
   assert.match(url.searchParams.get('fields'), /computed_geometry/);
   assert.match(url.searchParams.get('fields'), /is_pano/);
 });
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/viewer.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/viewer.js
index 4ec2654e4..c270ba796 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/viewer.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/viewer.js
@@ -174,6 +174,15 @@ export function createMapillaryViewer({ source, render } = {}) {
     current = null;
   }
 
+  /** A playing sequence keeps stepping through (and downloading) images. */
+  function stopPlayback() {
+    try {
+      viewer?.getComponent('sequence')?.stop();
+    } catch {
+      /* sequence component not available */
+    }
+  }
+
   return {
     async mount(host) {
       if (!host) throw new Error('Street Level viewer has no host element');
@@ -195,15 +204,12 @@ export function createMapillaryViewer({ source, render } = {}) {
     close() {
       pendingOpen = null;
       current = null;
-      // A playing sequence would keep stepping through (and downloading)
-      // images in the hidden viewer.
-      try {
-        viewer?.getComponent('sequence')?.stop();
-      } catch {
-        /* sequence component not available */
-      }
+      // Hidden, the viewer must not keep playing.
+      stopPlayback();
     },
 
+    stopPlayback,
+
     unmount() {
       pendingOpen = null;
       // A build still waiting for the library gives up when it arrives.
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/registry.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/registry.js
index 4abf39412..a79cbd675 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/registry.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/registry.js
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ export function filtersOf(provider) {
  * @property {(sequenceId: string) => Promise<void>} [selectSequence]
  * @property {() => void} [clearSequence]
  * @property {() => {selectedId: string|null, images: number, loading: boolean, error?: string|null}} [sequenceStats]
- * @property {() => Array<{id: string, parts: Array<Array<[number, number]>>}>} [coverageLines]   The coverage lines drawn now, as [lon, lat] parts (diagnostics and the browser gate).
+ * @property {() => Array<{id: string, parts: Array<Array<[number, number]>>}>} [coverageLines]   The coverage lines drawn now, as [lon, lat] parts (diagnostics).
  * @property {(point: {lat: number, lon: number}, options?: {signal?: AbortSignal, radiusM?: number}) => Promise<string|null>} [nearestImage]   For ground clicks and `openNearest`; an aborted lookup gives up (it may reject with an AbortError). `radiusM` asks for a wider search than NEAREST_RADIUS_M; a provider that cannot search wider ignores it.
  * @property {ViewerAdapter} viewer
  *
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.js
index f56d2487f..acaba443e 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.js
@@ -175,6 +175,11 @@ export function createViewerHost({ state, parts }) {
     active?.adapter.resize();
   }
 
+  /** Stop a sequence playing in the open photo (adapters that play). */
+  function stopPlayback() {
+    active?.adapter.stopPlayback?.();
+  }
+
   function setRenderMode(mode) {
     state.street.renderMode = mode === 'fill' ? 'fill' : 'letterbox';
     active?.adapter.setRenderMode?.(state.street.renderMode);
@@ -197,5 +202,5 @@ export function createViewerHost({ state, parts }) {
     active = null;
   }
 
-  return { attach, open, close, resize, setRenderMode, unmount };
+  return { attach, open, close, resize, setRenderMode, stopPlayback, unmount };
 }
diff --git a/src/streetLevelLifecycle.test.mjs b/src/streetLevelLifecycle.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a08a44c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/streetLevelLifecycle.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+import './testSupport/registerDom.mjs';
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { createStreetLevelLayer } from './layers/streetLevel/index.js';
+import { fakeStreetLevelProvider, fakeCesiumViewer } from './testSupport/streetLevelFakes.mjs';
+import { showStreetLevel } from './voice/gevActions.js';
+import { installViews } from './app/embed.js';
+import { ShareRestoration } from './ui/shareRestoration.js';
+import { createView } from './view/index.js';
+import { StreetLevelControls } from './ui/streetLevelControls.js';
+import { createApp, nextTick } from 'vue';
+import { createPinia } from 'pinia';
+import StreetLevelPanel from './ui/views/panels/StreetLevelPanel.vue';
+import { useStreetLevelStore } from './ui/stores/streetLevel.js';
+
+// Street-level request lifecycle across the action, the layer, links and the
+// panel. Offline: providers and camera flights are fixtures.
+globalThis.fetch = async () => { throw new Error('Unexpected network use in offline test'); };
+const settle = () => new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+function deferred() {
+  let resolve;
+  const promise = new Promise(done => { resolve = done; });
+  return { promise, resolve };
+}
+async function harness(t, { nearestImage = async () => 'A', failImage = null, billed = false, extraProviders = [] } = {}) {
+  document.body.className = '';
+  document.body.replaceChildren();
+  const provider = fakeStreetLevelProvider({ nearestImage });
+  provider.billedPerImage = billed;
+  const originalCreate = provider.create;
+  const opened = [];
+  provider.create = context => {
+    const instance = originalCreate(context);
+    let pose;
+    instance.viewer.onPose = listener => { pose = listener; return () => { pose = null; }; };
+    instance.viewer.open = async id => {
+      opened.push(id);
+      if (id === failImage) throw new Error('Fixture image load failed');
+      pose?.({ imageId: id });
+    };
+    return instance;
+  };
+  const viewer = fakeCesiumViewer();
+  viewer.canvas = viewer.scene.canvas;
+  viewer.canvas.setPointerCapture = () => {};
+  const layer = createStreetLevelLayer({ providers: [provider, ...extraProviders] });
+  layer.init(viewer);
+  layer.enable(viewer);
+  const host = document.body.appendChild(document.createElement('div'));
+  layer.attachViewerHost(host);
+  t.after(() => { layer.destroy(); document.body.className = ''; document.body.replaceChildren(); });
+  await settle();
+  assert.equal(layer.providerStatus('mapillary').billed, billed);
+  const dataManager = {
+    layers: new Map([['street-level', { module: layer }]]),
+    getAll: () => [{ id: 'street-level', enabled: true }],
+    isEnabled: () => true,
+    getLayerParams: () => ({ mapillary: true }),
+    setLayerParams: (_id, params) => layer.setParams(params),
+  };
+  const styleManager = { _navigationGeneration: 1 };
+  const flights = [];
+  const context = {
+    viewer, dataManager, styleManager,
+    runOptions: { signal: new AbortController().signal },
+    runGevAction: async (name, args) => {
+      assert.equal(name, 'fly_to_location');
+      flights.push(args);
+      return { ok: true, latitude: 48, longitude: 2, label: 'fixture point' };
+    },
+  };
+  let result;
+  const run = async (name, args) => {
+    if (name !== 'show_street_level') return { ok: true };
+    result = await showStreetLevel(args, context);
+    return result;
+  };
+  const view = createView({ camera: { lat: 48, lon: 2 }, layers: ['street-level'], street_level: { provider: 'mapillary', lat: 48, lon: 2 } });
+  return { layer, viewer, dataManager, context, run, view, opened, flights, result: () => result };
+}
+
+test('a landed link does not reclaim a camera the user moved while its layers load', async t => {
+  const h = await harness(t);
+  const location = { search: '', hash: '' };
+  const shell = h.context.styleManager;
+  shell.initialRestorePromise = Promise.resolve();
+  const remove = installViews({ ...h, shell, location, windowRef: window });
+  t.after(remove);
+  await settle();
+  location.hash = '#sl=mapillary,48,2';
+  const layers = deferred();
+  const landed = deferred();
+  const restoration = Object.assign(Object.create(ShareRestoration.prototype), {
+    _shareRestoreGeneration: 1, _disposed: false,
+    shareLinkManager: {
+      applyState: async () => { landed.resolve(); return { camera: 'applied' }; },
+      completeInitialRestore() {},
+    },
+    _sharedVessel: () => null,
+  });
+  const restoring = restoration._runShareRestore({}, {
+    applyCamera: true, navigationToken: 1, layersPromise: layers.promise,
+    settle: detail => window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('gev:share-navigation-restore-settled', { detail })),
+  });
+  await landed.promise;
+  shell._navigationGeneration++;
+  layers.resolve([]);
+  await restoring;
+  await settle(); await settle();
+  assert.equal(h.flights.length, 0, 'an old landed link must not fly after later navigation');
+});
+
+test('a replacement from another source keeps EXPAND', async t => {
+  const h = await harness(t, {
+    extraProviders: [fakeStreetLevelProvider({ id: 'panoramax', pickPrefix: 'pm:', nearestImage: async () => 'B' })],
+  });
+  const root = document.body.appendChild(document.createElement('div'));
+  root.innerHTML = '<button id="sl-status"></button><div id="sl-viewer-wrap"><div id="sl-viewer"></div></div><button id="sl-viewer-expand"></button>';
+  const wrap = root.querySelector('#sl-viewer-wrap');
+  let fullscreen = null;
+  Object.defineProperty(document, 'fullscreenElement', { configurable: true, get: () => fullscreen });
+  const oldExit = document.exitFullscreen;
+  // As a browser does: the change is announced after the switch.
+  const announce = () => setTimeout(() => document.dispatchEvent(new Event('fullscreenchange')), 0);
+  document.exitFullscreen = async () => { fullscreen = null; announce(); };
+  wrap.requestFullscreen = async () => { fullscreen = wrap; announce(); };
+  const store = { attach: () => 1, detach() {}, publish() {}, setExpandAvailable() {}, setExpanded() {}, setEmbedOverlay() {} };
+  const controls = new StreetLevelControls({ root, layer: h.layer, actions: {}, store });
+  const off = h.layer.subscribe(state => controls.render(state));
+  t.after(() => { off(); controls.destroy(); delete document.fullscreenElement; document.exitFullscreen = oldExit; });
+  assert.equal(await h.layer.openImage('mapillary', 'previous', { frame: false }), true);
+  await controls._toggleExpanded();
+  assert.equal(controls.isViewerExpanded(), true);
+  const result = await showStreetLevel({ provider: 'panoramax', latitude: 48, longitude: 2 }, h.context);
+  assert.equal(result.ok, true);
+  assert.equal(h.layer.getUIState().street.providerId, 'panoramax');
+  assert.equal(controls.isViewerExpanded(), true, 'replacement must preserve the expanded viewing surface');
+});
+
+for (const outcome of ['empty', 'error', 'image']) {
+  test(`a replacement retired by a navigation keeps the open photo (${outcome})`, async t => {
+    const lookup = deferred();
+    const entered = deferred();
+    const h = await harness(t, { nearestImage: async () => {
+      entered.resolve(); await lookup.promise;
+      if (outcome === 'error') throw new Error('Fixture lookup failure');
+      return outcome === 'image' ? 'B' : null;
+    } });
+    await h.layer.openImage('mapillary', 'A', { frame: false });
+    const action = showStreetLevel({ provider: 'mapillary', latitude: 48, longitude: 2 }, h.context);
+    await entered.promise;
+    h.context.styleManager._navigationGeneration++;
+    lookup.resolve();
+    const result = await action;
+    assert.ok(result.cancelled || result.superseded);
+    assert.deepEqual(h.opened, ['A']);
+    assert.equal(h.layer.getUIState().street.open, true, 'retired lookup must preserve A');
+    assert.equal(h.layer.getUIState().street.error, null, 'retired lookup must not publish an error');
+  });
+}
+
+test('a failed replacement shows its error inside the expanded viewer', async t => {
+  const h = await harness(t, { nearestImage: async () => 'B', failImage: 'B' });
+  const root = document.body.appendChild(document.createElement('div'));
+  const pinia = createPinia();
+  const app = createApp(StreetLevelPanel); app.use(pinia); app.mount(root);
+  const store = useStreetLevelStore(pinia);
+  const wrap = root.querySelector('#sl-viewer-wrap');
+  let fullscreen = null;
+  Object.defineProperty(document, 'fullscreenElement', { configurable: true, get: () => fullscreen });
+  const oldExit = document.exitFullscreen;
+  // As a browser does: the change is announced after the switch.
+  const announce = () => setTimeout(() => document.dispatchEvent(new Event('fullscreenchange')), 0);
+  document.exitFullscreen = async () => { fullscreen = null; announce(); };
+  wrap.requestFullscreen = async () => { fullscreen = wrap; announce(); };
+  const controls = new StreetLevelControls({ root, layer: h.layer, actions: {}, store });
+  const off = h.layer.subscribe(state => controls.render(state));
+  t.after(() => { off(); controls.destroy(); app.unmount(); delete document.fullscreenElement; document.exitFullscreen = oldExit; });
+  await h.layer.openImage('mapillary', 'A', { frame: false });
+  await nextTick();
+  await controls._toggleExpanded();
+  await settle();
+  const result = await showStreetLevel({ provider: 'mapillary', latitude: 48, longitude: 2 }, h.context);
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.equal(result.ok, false);
+  assert.equal(controls.isViewerExpanded(), true);
+  assert.equal(document.fullscreenElement, wrap);
+  assert.equal(h.layer.getUIState().street.imageId, 'A');
+  assert.match(h.layer.getUIState().street.error, /Fixture image load failed/);
+  assert.equal(wrap.contains(root.querySelector('#sl-error')), false);
+  const error = wrap.querySelector('#sl-viewer-error');
+  assert.match(error.textContent, /Fixture image load failed/);
+  assert.equal(error.hidden, false, 'error must be visible inside fullscreen');
+});
diff --git a/src/ui/shareRestoration.js b/src/ui/shareRestoration.js
index 9fc4c6f45..4921d991e 100644
--- a/src/ui/shareRestoration.js
+++ b/src/ui/shareRestoration.js
@@ -263,7 +263,9 @@ export class ShareRestoration {
       // the shared flight having landed.
       const vessel = this._sharedVessel(state);
       if (vessel) void this._restoreSharedVessel(vessel, current);
-      settle({ status: 'settled', share, layers, tracking });
+      // The token tells listeners whether anyone navigated after the
+      // restore's flight landed (while the layers were still loading).
+      settle({ status: 'settled', share, layers, tracking, navigationToken });
     } catch (error) {
       if (!current()) return;
       this.shareLinkManager.completeInitialRestore(state.restoreToken);
diff --git a/src/ui/views/panels/StreetLevelPanel.vue b/src/ui/views/panels/StreetLevelPanel.vue
index 1661574bb..fa3c593a5 100644
--- a/src/ui/views/panels/StreetLevelPanel.vue
+++ b/src/ui/views/panels/StreetLevelPanel.vue
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ const vThumb = {
             <button id="sl-viewer-close" class="sl-viewer-x" type="button" :title="t('Close the image and deselect it on the map')" :aria-label="t('Close the street-level image')">×</button>
           </div>
         </div>
-        <div id="sl-viewer-error" class="sl-error" role="alert" :hidden="!embedOverlay || !view?.error"><span aria-hidden="true">⚠</span> {{ view?.error || '' }}</div>
+        <div id="sl-viewer-error" class="sl-error" role="alert" :hidden="!(embedOverlay || expanded) || !view?.error"><span aria-hidden="true">⚠</span> {{ view?.error || '' }}</div>
         <div class="sl-viewer-stage">
           <div id="sl-viewer-placeholder" class="sl-viewer-placeholder" :hidden="!viewer.loading"></div>
           <div id="sl-viewer" class="sl-viewer" :aria-label="t('Street-level viewer')"></div>
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ const vThumb = {
         <span class="cctv-summary-label">{{ t('PROVIDERS') }}</span>
         <div id="sl-provider-chips" class="sl-chips"><RailChips :chips="view ? view.providers : []" /></div>
       </div>
-      <div id="sl-error" class="sl-error" role="alert" :hidden="embedOverlay || !view?.error"><span aria-hidden="true">⚠</span> <span id="sl-error-text">{{ view?.error || '' }}</span></div>
+      <div id="sl-error" class="sl-error" role="alert" :hidden="embedOverlay || expanded || !view?.error"><span aria-hidden="true">⚠</span> <span id="sl-error-text">{{ view?.error || '' }}</span></div>
       <!-- A missing key gates the filters only: the chips above stay
            focusable so their tooltip can say how to add the key. -->
       <fieldset id="sl-controls" class="sl-controls" :disabled="Boolean(view?.controlsDisabled)" :hidden="!shows.pano && !shows.since">
diff --git a/src/view/index.js b/src/view/index.js
index c22f2c3f6..11c3b8c7d 100644
--- a/src/view/index.js
+++ b/src/view/index.js
@@ -354,10 +354,11 @@ export function createView({
       );
     if (needs) map = needs;
     // The point defaults to where the camera looks: a view "of X" opens
-    // photos at X, also when the camera sits behind it.
+    // photos at X, also when the camera sits behind it. It is a pair: half
+    // of one is not mixed with the camera's other half.
+    const given = [latitude(streetLevel.lat), longitude(streetLevel.lon)];
     const seen = lookAtPoint(camera);
-    const lat = latitude(streetLevel.lat) ?? seen.lat;
-    const lon = longitude(streetLevel.lon) ?? seen.lon;
+    const [lat, lon] = given.includes(undefined) ? [seen.lat, seen.lon] : given;
     street = Object.freeze({
       ...(provider ? { provider } : {}),
       lat: round(clamp(lat, -90, 90), 5),
diff --git a/src/view/index.test.mjs b/src/view/index.test.mjs
index 1389b058b..9fda7d149 100644
--- a/src/view/index.test.mjs
+++ b/src/view/index.test.mjs
@@ -208,6 +208,16 @@ test('street-level photos travel in the link, light their source and bring their
   assert.equal(streetLevelFromParams(new URLSearchParams('sl=bing,1,2')), null);
   assert.equal(streetLevelFromParams(new URLSearchParams('lat=1')), null);
   assert.equal(createView({ camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2 } }).street_level, null);
+  // Half a point is not mixed with the camera's other half.
+  const half = createView({
+    camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+    street_level: { provider: 'mapillary', lat: 40 },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(half.street_level, {
+    provider: 'mapillary',
+    lat: 1,
+    lon: 2,
+  });
 });
 
 test('street-level photos: a tilted camera opens them where it looks, a link cannot pair them with the wrong map, and follow is refused', async () => {
diff --git a/src/voice/actionSchemas.test.mjs b/src/voice/actionSchemas.test.mjs
index c2324067c..c2f084d06 100644
--- a/src/voice/actionSchemas.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/actionSchemas.test.mjs
@@ -58,32 +58,11 @@ test('the complete Realtime tool payload pins the manifest-generated layer relea
     // control_cockpit states the own-layer entry rule (Contacts not required).
     // move_camera tilt takes an optional pitchDeg angle, described as
     // absolute with its -45 default, with steps sent as a direction.
-    // show_street_level (map, source, photo) is the only change on top of main.
-    SHOW_STREET_LEVEL_PAYLOAD_DIGEST,
-  );
-  // Every shipped tool is byte-identical to the previous release: the new
-  // tool is the whole difference, so a later edit cannot hide in a re-pin.
-  const shipped = createHash('sha256')
-    .update(
-      JSON.stringify(
-        stable(
-          GEV_REALTIME_TOOLS.filter(
-            (tool) =>
-              !['set_cyber_sonar', 'show_street_level'].includes(tool.name),
-          ),
-        ),
-      ),
-    )
-    .digest('hex');
-  assert.equal(
-    shipped,
-    '6a0d154e68beb787c4e20f12d29a5c86577dc343f3e71d8b5651998ea45d8c3c',
+    // show_street_level (map, source, photo) adds one tool.
+    '0c27f62062001e6a07241cd301c3d357f55e9b74f66cd2904d16590510337468',
   );
 });
 
-const SHOW_STREET_LEVEL_PAYLOAD_DIGEST =
-  '0c27f62062001e6a07241cd301c3d357f55e9b74f66cd2904d16590510337468';
-
 test('descriptions customize wording without changing immutable shared arguments', () => {
   const descriptions = {
     fly_to_location: {
diff --git a/src/voice/deixis.js b/src/voice/deixis.js
index c78ccb54a..d224eb661 100644
--- a/src/voice/deixis.js
+++ b/src/voice/deixis.js
@@ -143,6 +143,8 @@ function resolveFly(args, { pointer, referents }) {
         entity: {
           layerId: target.layerId,
           id: target.id,
+          // The answer names it, not its id ("near cam-9").
+          ...(target.label ? { label: target.label } : {}),
           ...(hasPosition(target) ? { lat: target.lat, lon: target.lon } : {}),
         },
       },
diff --git a/src/voice/deixis.test.mjs b/src/voice/deixis.test.mjs
index cd7f7374d..20ae0530f 100644
--- a/src/voice/deixis.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/deixis.test.mjs
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ test('referents: numbered items resolve for track, fly and context', () => {
   const last = resolveDeicticArgs('track_entity', { query: 'x', referent: -1 }, { referents });
   assert.equal(last.args.query, 'ccc333', '-1 is the last one');
   const fly = resolveDeicticArgs('fly_to_location', { referent: 1 }, { referents });
-  assert.deepEqual(fly.args, { entity: { layerId: 'flights', id: 'aaa111' } }, 'moving contacts are located at run time');
+  assert.deepEqual(fly.args, { entity: { layerId: 'flights', id: 'aaa111', label: 'SWA12' } }, 'moving contacts are located at run time');
   const context = resolveDeicticArgs('get_entity_context', { referent: 3 }, { referents });
   assert.equal(context.args.scope, 'target');
   assert.equal(context.args.target.label, 'AAL9');
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.js b/src/voice/gevActions.js
index f8a906dc2..a4cb18a16 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.js
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.js
@@ -3813,24 +3813,26 @@ function streetLevelPanelHidden() {
 }
 
 /**
- * "Show me <place> on Street View / on Mapillary": fly to the place, make sure
- * the imagery source's map is up, light that source in Street Level, turn the
- * layer on and open the nearest image. One source at a time, as the panel
- * does; the choice persists like a chip click. The key is checked before
- * anything changes, and each stage reports its own failure so speech can say
- * which part did not happen. With no place at all, the view centre is used.
- * `autoOpen: false` (links, not the model) stops short of loading a photo
- * from a source that bills every load: the panel is armed and the OPEN
- * button is one click away.
+ * "Show me <place> on Street View / on Mapillary": fly there, light the source
+ * (and its map) and open the nearest image. Each stage reports its own
+ * failure, so speech can say which part did not happen. `autoOpen: false`
+ * (links) stops short of a billed load: the panel is armed for OPEN.
  */
 export async function showStreetLevel(args, context) {
   // Every await can hand the request's moment to someone else: a newer turn,
   // a navigation or gesture that takes the camera, or a mode that hides the
   // panel. Each stage after the place is settled checks again.
   const owner = watchCameraOwner(context.viewer, context.styleManager);
+  // A photo held up while the request switches its source is let go however
+  // the request ends: replaced by then, or closed if its source stayed off.
+  let releaseViewer = null;
+  const holdViewer = (layerModule) => {
+    releaseViewer ??= layerModule.holdViewer?.() ?? null;
+  };
   try {
-    return await requestStreetLevel(args, { ...context, owner });
+    return await requestStreetLevel(args, { ...context, owner, holdViewer });
   } finally {
+    releaseViewer?.();
     owner.stop();
   }
 }
@@ -3840,9 +3842,9 @@ async function requestStreetLevel(
   {
     dataManager,
     styleManager,
-    placeSearch,
     runGevAction,
     owner,
+    holdViewer = () => {},
     runOptions = {},
     current = () => true,
     reportProgress = () => {},
@@ -3868,11 +3870,14 @@ async function requestStreetLevel(
   const query = String(args.query || '').trim();
   const latitude = Number(args.latitude);
   const longitude = Number(args.longitude);
+  const coordinatesGiven = args.latitude != null && args.longitude != null;
   const hasCoordinates =
-    args.latitude != null &&
-    args.longitude != null &&
-    Number.isFinite(latitude) &&
-    Number.isFinite(longitude);
+    coordinatesGiven && Math.abs(latitude) <= 90 && Math.abs(longitude) <= 180;
+  if (coordinatesGiven && !hasCoordinates)
+    return fail(
+      'location',
+      'Latitude must be within ±90° and longitude within ±180°',
+    );
   // A referent that is a layer entity (deixis): located when the flight starts.
   const entity =
     args.entity && typeof args.entity === 'object' && args.entity.id
@@ -3952,29 +3957,11 @@ async function requestStreetLevel(
   atViewCentre = !query && !hasCoordinates && !entity;
   let point = null;
   let location = null;
-  if (args.fly === false || atViewCentre) {
+  // No place at all: the layer looks at the ground under the screen centre,
+  // as the OPEN button does. `fly: false` (tests) keeps the camera for a
+  // point given by its coordinates.
+  if (atViewCentre || (args.fly === false && hasCoordinates)) {
     if (hasCoordinates) point = { lat: latitude, lon: longitude };
-    else if (entity) {
-      // Where it is now, as the flying path does: the coordinates a list
-      // saved go stale as soon as the item moves or unloads.
-      const located = locateLayerEntity(dataManager, entity);
-      if (!located) return fail('location', `${label} is no longer loaded`);
-      point = { lat: located.lat, lon: located.lon };
-    } else if (query) {
-      reportProgress('search', query);
-      const outcome = await placeSearch.geocode(query, {
-        signal: runOptions.signal,
-      });
-      const place = outcome?.place;
-      if (!current())
-        return fail('location', 'Street-level request was cancelled');
-      if (!Number.isFinite(place?.lat) || !Number.isFinite(place?.lng))
-        return fail('location', `Could not find ${query}`);
-      point = { lat: place.lat, lon: place.lng };
-      label = place.label || query;
-    }
-    // No place at all: the layer looks at the ground under the screen
-    // centre, as the OPEN button does.
   } else {
     location = await runGevAction(
       'fly_to_location',
@@ -3995,8 +3982,10 @@ async function requestStreetLevel(
         location?.error || `Could not arrive at ${location?.label || label}`,
         { cancelled: !current() || Boolean(location?.cancelled), location },
       );
-    // An item keeps its name: the flight to it reports only coordinates.
-    label = entity ? label : location.label || label;
+    // An item, or a named place flown to by its coordinates, keeps its name:
+    // such a flight reports only coordinates.
+    label =
+      entity || (query && hasCoordinates) ? label : location.label || label;
     if (
       !Number.isFinite(location.latitude) ||
       !Number.isFinite(location.longitude)
@@ -4037,7 +4026,10 @@ async function requestStreetLevel(
     if (stop) return stop;
   }
 
-  // Light the source the way a chip click does, so the choice is kept.
+  // Light the source the way a chip click does, so the choice is kept. An
+  // open photo of another source stays up until this request replaces it.
+  if (layerModule.getUIState?.()?.street?.open === true)
+    holdViewer(layerModule);
   const switches = Object.fromEntries(
     providerIds.map((id) => [id, id === provider]),
   );
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
index cf4cbff6f..7ccaabc8d 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
@@ -6660,11 +6660,11 @@ function createStreetLevelHarness({
           return false;
         }
       }
-      // Like the layer: a replacing lookup that opens nothing closes the photo.
+      // Like the layer: a lookup its caller gave up leaves the panel alone,
+      // and a replacing lookup that opens nothing closes the photo.
+      if (options.proceed && options.proceed() !== true) return false;
       const closeReplaced = () => {
-        if (!options.replace || !street.open) return;
-        order.push('close');
-        Object.assign(street, { open: false, imageId: null, error: null, nearestOutcome: null });
+        if (options.replace && street.open) layer.closeViewer();
       };
       if (imageryError) {
         closeReplaced();
@@ -6678,8 +6678,6 @@ function createStreetLevelHarness({
         street.error = `No street-level imagery within ${options.radiusM ?? 50} m of ${point ? 'that point' : 'the view centre'}`;
         return false;
       }
-      // Found: it loads only if the request still wants it.
-      if (options.proceed && options.proceed() !== true) return false;
       street.open = true;
       street.imageId = nearest;
       street.title = '10th St, Sacramento';
@@ -6762,6 +6760,14 @@ test('show_street_level flies first, then switches the map, lights the source, t
   assert.equal(result.imageId, 'pano-a');
   assert.equal(result.title, '10th St, Sacramento');
   assert.equal(result.flew, true);
+  // A name given with its coordinates is what the answer says.
+  const named = createStreetLevelHarness();
+  const naming = named.runner('show_street_level', {
+    query: 'Capitol Mall', latitude: 38.5799, longitude: -121.4937, provider: 'google',
+  });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setImmediate(resolve));
+  named.finishFlight();
+  assert.equal((await naming).label, 'Capitol Mall');
 });
 
 test('show_street_level on Mapillary keeps the map, searches at the default radius and skips what is already on', async () => {
@@ -6799,6 +6805,11 @@ test('show_street_level reports each stage it could not pass', async () => {
   assert.equal(none.label, 'the view centre');
   assert.deepEqual(centre.order, ['params:google:voice', 'open:google:250:false:view-centre']);
 
+  const offGlobe = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'photoreal' });
+  const outOfRange = await offGlobe.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 95, longitude: 2, provider: 'google' });
+  assert.deepEqual([outOfRange.ok, outOfRange.stage], [false, 'location']);
+  assert.deepEqual(offGlobe.order, [], 'nothing flies, switches or looks up');
+
   const unknown = await createStreetLevelHarness().runner('show_street_level', {
     latitude: 1, longitude: 2, provider: 'openstreetcam', fly: false,
   });
@@ -6865,15 +6876,6 @@ test('show_street_level opens photos of a numbered item or a pointed spot throug
   assert.equal(result.ok, true, result.error);
   assert.equal(result.label, 'Camera 9');
   assert.deepEqual(order, ['fly', 'params:google:voice', 'open:google:250:false']);
-  // Without a flight the entity's own position is used.
-  const still = withCamera(createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'photoreal' }));
-  const kept = await still.runner('show_street_level', {
-    provider: 'google',
-    fly: false,
-    entity: { layerId: 'cctv', id: 'cam-9', lat: 38.58, lon: -121.5 },
-  });
-  assert.equal(kept.ok, true, kept.error);
-  assert.deepEqual(still.order, ['params:google:voice', 'open:google:250:false']);
 });
 
 test('show_street_level hands the point from a named place, a preset and a curated POI to the lookup', async () => {
@@ -7003,43 +7005,9 @@ test('show_street_level tells a failed enable, a delisted source, a key refused
   assert.deepEqual(unconfigured.order, [], 'nothing changed');
 });
 
-test('show_street_level without a flight geocodes a name, locates an item, and reports what it cannot place', async () => {
+test('show_street_level reports a flight that lands without a position', async () => {
   globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
   const hit = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'osm' });
-  const points = [];
-  const open = hit.layer.openNearest;
-  hit.layer.openNearest = (point, options) => {
-    points.push(point);
-    return open(point, options);
-  };
-  const runner = createGevActionRunner({
-    viewer: createVoiceNavigationHarness().viewer,
-    styleManager: { mapStackController: { getActiveId: () => 'osm' }, setMapStack: async () => ({ ok: true }) },
-    dataManager: hit.dataManager,
-    placeSearch: {
-      geocode: async (query) =>
-        query === 'Capitol Mall'
-          ? { place: { lat: 38.5792, lng: -121.4958, label: 'Capitol Mall, Sacramento' } }
-          : { place: null, answered: true },
-    },
-  });
-  const found = await runner('show_street_level', { query: 'Capitol Mall', provider: 'mapillary', fly: false });
-  assert.equal(found.ok, true, found.error);
-  assert.equal(found.label, 'Capitol Mall, Sacramento');
-  assert.deepEqual(points.at(-1), { lat: 38.5792, lon: -121.4958 });
-  assert.equal(found.flew, false);
-
-  const miss = await runner('show_street_level', { query: 'Atlantis Boulevard', provider: 'mapillary', fly: false });
-  assert.deepEqual([miss.ok, miss.stage], [false, 'location']);
-  assert.equal(miss.say, "Couldn't find Atlantis Boulevard.");
-  assert.equal(points.length, 1, 'a miss asks for no imagery');
-
-  const gone = await runner('show_street_level', {
-    provider: 'mapillary', fly: false, entity: { layerId: 'cctv', id: 'cam-gone', label: 'Camera 7' },
-  });
-  assert.deepEqual([gone.ok, gone.stage], [false, 'location']);
-  assert.equal(gone.say, "Couldn't find Camera 7.");
-
   // A flight that reports no coordinates cannot be followed by a lookup.
   const noPoint = createGevActionRunner({
     viewer: createVoiceNavigationHarness().viewer,
@@ -7105,20 +7073,6 @@ test('show_street_level says "refused its key" when Google already refused it, a
   assert.match(dark.error, /could not be switched on/);
 });
 
-test('show_street_level without a flight needs the item where it is now, not where a list saw it', async () => {
-  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
-  const harness = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'photoreal' });
-  // The referent carries the coordinates the list saved, but it is no longer loaded.
-  const stale = await harness.runner('show_street_level', {
-    provider: 'google',
-    fly: false,
-    entity: { layerId: 'cctv', id: 'cam-gone', label: 'Camera 7', lat: 38.58, lon: -121.5 },
-  });
-  assert.deepEqual([stale.ok, stale.stage], [false, 'location']);
-  assert.match(stale.error, /no longer loaded/);
-  assert.ok(!harness.order.some((entry) => entry.startsWith('open:')), 'nothing looked up at the stale point');
-});
-
 test('activeImageryFilter reports only the narrowing filters the lit source honours', async () => {
   const { activeImageryFilter } = await import('./gevActions.js');
   const both = { pano: true, since: true };
@@ -7281,32 +7235,6 @@ test('a partial analyst card shows one partial chip', () => {
   assert.equal(new Set(labels).size, labels.length, JSON.stringify(labels));
 });
 
-test('show_street_level superseded during its geocode changes nothing', async () => {
-  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
-  const h = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true });
-  let current = true;
-  const runner = createGevActionRunner({
-    viewer: createVoiceNavigationHarness().viewer,
-    styleManager: {
-      mapStackController: { getActiveId: () => 'osm' },
-      setMapStack: async (id) => {
-        h.order.push(`map:${id}`);
-        return { ok: true };
-      },
-    },
-    dataManager: h.dataManager,
-    placeSearch: {
-      geocode: async () => {
-        current = false;
-        return { place: { lat: 1, lng: 2, label: 'X' } };
-      },
-    },
-  });
-  const result = await runner('show_street_level', { query: 'X', provider: 'google', fly: false }, { isCurrent: () => current });
-  assert.deepEqual(h.order.filter((step) => /^(map|params|open|arm)/.test(step)), [], 'the stale turn switched nothing');
-  assert.deepEqual([result.ok, result.stage, result.cancelled], [false, 'location', true]);
-});
-
 test('show_street_level superseded during its flight switches nothing', async () => {
   globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
   const h = createStreetLevelHarness();
diff --git a/src/voice/pointAndAsk.test.mjs b/src/voice/pointAndAsk.test.mjs
index 290fc2537..b1942c85f 100644
--- a/src/voice/pointAndAsk.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/pointAndAsk.test.mjs
@@ -343,17 +343,9 @@ test('deixis prompt lint: one short rule, and every sentinel it names exists in
     tool('annotate_map').annotations.items.properties.target.description,
     /"pointer"/,
   );
-  // Budget: the whole Realtime prompt (instructions + tools), measured in
-  // characters. It was 56,308 after the area/imagery/OSM merge; stating each
-  // policy once (WHERE precedence, AREAS routing, AFTER TOOLS speech) brought
-  // it to 51,646. Voice geometry (resolve_area, find_imagery, osm_query and
-  // the analyst area scopes) raised the ceiling to 55,500; tightening the
-  // AREAS rule and the area tool descriptions left it at 55,103 as measured
-  // below (every tool, osm_query included); main's Sea Marks and Ski Pistes
-  // layers bring it to 55,210, and the tilt pitchDeg argument (with its -45
-  // default) and main's cockpit entry rule to 55,339. show_street_level (the
-  // tool and its routing rule, ~940) raises it to 56,500. A new tool or rule
-  // has to fit under this ceiling.
+  // Budget: the whole Realtime prompt (instructions + every tool, osm_query
+  // included), in characters. Every session pays for it in latency and cost,
+  // so a new tool or rule has to fit under this ceiling or earn a raise.
   const size = instructions.length + JSON.stringify(GEV_REALTIME_TOOLS).length;
   assert.ok(size <= 56_500, `prompt size ${size}`);
 });

From e34b5103c64b27b63a6c046d476b270bba04c38e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 23:54:16 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 116/181] Street Level: shorter comments and docs

- Comments in the action, the layer, embed, the Mapillary policy and the
  controls say why in fewer words; restatements of the code are gone.
- CURRENT-STATE's "Show me X on Street View" section is a list by topic and
  no longer says the browser gate aims at coverageLines.
- TOOLS.md's street-level view paragraph is shorter.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                         | 202 +++++++++---------
 docs/TOOLS.md                                 |  20 +-
 src/app/embed.js                              |  50 ++---
 src/layers/streetLevel/index.js               |  54 ++---
 .../streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js |  13 +-
 src/ui/streetLevelControls.js                 |  10 +-
 src/voice/gevActions.js                       |  33 ++-
 7 files changed, 167 insertions(+), 215 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 32494ab44..7863c09fa 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5073,111 +5073,103 @@ core's lookups alone. The MCP globe panel allows the meta-catalogue and the
 three biggest instances; a picture on another instance shows only in the
 app.
 
-**"Show me X on Street View."** The `show_street_level` assistant action
-(voice and typed; `src/voice/gevActions.js`) is one call: it checks the
-source has its key (a keyless source explains itself and changes nothing, as
-a chip does), flies to the place at street framing and waits for arrival (a
-name, coordinates, a pointed spot, a numbered item, or nothing for the
-ground under the screen centre, as OPEN uses: `aim: 'screen-centre'` with
-`armed: false`, so sky refuses and a link's armed point is not used and is
-kept until a photo opens), switches to the map the source needs (Google Street View: Google 3D),
-lights that source through `setLayerParams` with origin `voice` (one source at
-a time, kept in the share link like a chip click; a link runs the action with
-origin `programmatic`, for the source switch and the layer, so it never writes
-the recipient's saved layer state), turns the layer on and
-calls `openNearest`. `provider` is `google` for "Street View", `mapillary`,
-`kartaview` or `panoramax` by name, else the lit source. Stages fail separately (`location`, `view`, `map`,
-`provider`, `layer`, `key`, `imagery`; `view` when cockpit, clean view,
-recording or scene playback hides the panel, checked after the flight and
-before anything switches or loads; embed mode exempts its own clean-view
-class because the photo is lifted above the globe; an empty `imagery` result names a
-narrowing 360°/flat or SINCE filter the source honours, as `filter`;
-`noImagery` marks an empty result, `imageryError` a source or viewer failure
-and `aim: 'sky'` a sky centre, from the layer's `street.nearestOutcome`) and a
-newer turn retires the lookup
-(`openNearest`'s `signal` option), so nothing opens after the user moved on.
-For a source without a coverage layer the lookup widens to 250 m
-(`NEAREST_RADIUS_MAX_M`; Google honours it, Mapillary's API caps at 50 m);
-clicks keep 50 m. Mapillary's search gives up after 12 s, body included
-(`NEAREST_TIMEOUT_MS`), and asks for 100 photos, the API's most: it
-returns the radius's photos in no particular order and cuts them at the limit
-first, so the distance sort and the imagery filter run over the spot's photos.
-On a phone the panel sits in the Cameras tab sheet: a photo that opens, and a
-link that arms, open that sheet and scroll the panel into view
-(`revealPanel`, which does nothing above 720px, scrolling included); every
-photo the action opens reveals the panel again, also one the user had
-collapsed. The layer exposes `requiredMapStack(id)` and
-`providerStatus(id)` for callers that must decide before the panel lists a
-source, and `coverageLines(id)` (the lines a provider draws now, current and
-stale tiles, as `[lon, lat]` parts) for diagnostics and the browser gate,
-which aims its line clicks at that geometry, waits for the asynchronous
-ground primitives to be ready, and clicks in the same JavaScript turn as the
-pick so a rebuilt frame cannot come between them. Views carry the same request as `street_level` (`src/view/index.js`:
-source and point, defaulting to where the camera looks; a `google` source
-brings `map: photoreal` and refuses another map; not with `follow`), links as
-`sl=<source>,<lat>,<lon>`; `show_in_gods_eye_view` accepts it, the globe panel
-applies it through the action, and a plain link runs the action once restored
-(one shot: the rewritten hash drops `sl`). A link pasted into the open tab
-runs it after its restore settles (`gev:share-navigation-restore-settled`),
-and only when the restore's camera landed (`share.camera === 'applied'`): a
-link whose restore flight the visitor stopped with a drag or a search, or
-whose restore a newer link superseded, never runs and never pulls the camera
-back. In embed mode the rail holding the
-panel is hidden, so an open photo moves to an overlay on the globe
-(`sl-viewer-wrap-embed`) and back when it closes; Esc closes it (in full
-screen, Esc leaves full screen first). EXPAND stays open under embed mode's
-own clean view; cockpit, recording and scene playback hide the overlay. A
-posted view whose photo step fails before the imagery stage closes the
-earlier photo before its camera flies; one the user overtook (a click on the
-map, a newer request) leaves their photo and camera alone, and one that
-found a photo it could not load keeps that error in view. The action's
-lookup replaces an open photo in place (`openNearest` `replace: true`), so
-the viewer and EXPAND stay up, and closes it only when it opens nothing; once
-an image is found, `proceed()` asks whether the camera and the panel are
-still the request's before a billed photo loads. Image-loading failures render inside
-the embedded overlay, since the panel's error region is hidden with the rail.
-A caller's abort is
-honoured through the viewer's mount and load, not just the lookup, and only
-the lookup that still owns the panel may change its spinner or error. Cancelling
-a lookup clears its loading state even when an existing photo stays open;
-internally retired lookups also release the caller's abort listener. A
-passive link's photos stand down if anyone navigated (a gesture, a search,
-the assistant) while the link waited behind its own marks. The action itself
-checks again after every await (flight, map switch, layer on, lookup): a
-newer turn, a shell navigation stamp (`_navigationGeneration`, re-taken where
-its own flight lands) or a press or wheel on the globe stops the remaining
-stages (`superseded: true`), and cockpit, clean view, recording or scene
-playback entered meanwhile ends it at the `view` stage. During the lookup the
-same checks run before a found photo loads (`proceed`), so nothing billed
-loads for a request that was given up, and a lookup given up leaves the
-panel as it was; a photo that opened after either is closed again. The
-hidden-panel check also runs before the flight, so a recording's camera never
-moves for it. A photo already open stays up while the new request looks (the
-viewer is replaced, not closed, so EXPAND stays, also when the request
-switches the source) and closes if the request opens nothing, so a place with
-no imagery shows its own error, not the previous place's photo; a link that
-only arms closes it at once. A plain
-link never loads a photo from a source that bills every load
-(`billedPerImage` on the provider; Google): the action runs with
-`autoOpen: false`, arms the lookup on the layer (`armNearest`: the link's
-point and radius, consumed only by the next OPEN press (`aim:
-'screen-centre'`), and only while the ground under the screen centre is within
-1 km of the point (`ARMED_REACH_M`; a user who moved on opens what the view
-shows) or cannot be picked; a sky centre refuses; any other lookup, open, close, disable, its source
-switched off or its map leaving drops it), opens the panel and a toast
-points at OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW. Only the panel page's own link (inline
-embed) for a tool result issued in the last 5 minutes, and posted views, open
-the photo: `show_in_gods_eye_view` stamps a street-level result `issued_at`,
-and a host that mounts the panel again later hands back the old result, which
-only arms. The panel checks every result, not just the first: each `gev:view`
-it posts carries `fresh`, and the inline app applies a view without it with
-`autoOpen: false` (a framing page's posted views still open); `?embed=1` on a published link only
-arms, without the panel nudge or toast (the rail is hidden in a frame). A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`.
-The look-at default applies below 20 km, at a pitch steeper than -5° and
-within 10 km ahead; otherwise the camera's own point is used. A view's
-altitude is above the ellipsoid, so `show_in_gods_eye_view` measures it from
-the terrain under the camera (`services.terrain`) before taking the look-at
-point; without a terrain answer it keeps the view's own estimate.
+**"Show me X on Street View."** `show_street_level` (voice and typed;
+`src/voice/gevActions.js`) is one call whose stages fail separately
+(`location`, `view`, `map`, `provider`, `layer`, `key`, `imagery`):
+
+- **Key first.** A keyless source explains itself and changes nothing, as a
+  chip does.
+- **Place.** A name, coordinates, a pointed spot or a numbered item: it flies
+  there at street framing and waits for arrival. With no place it looks at the
+  ground under the screen centre, as OPEN does (`aim: 'screen-centre'`,
+  `armed: false`: sky refuses, and a link's armed point is not used and is kept
+  until a photo opens). Coordinates off the globe are refused.
+- **Map and source.** It switches to the map the source needs (Google Street
+  View: Google 3D), lights the source through `setLayerParams`, one at a time
+  and kept like a chip click (origin `voice`; a link runs the action with
+  origin `programmatic`, so it never writes the recipient's saved layer state),
+  turns the layer on and calls `openNearest`. `provider` is `google` for
+  "Street View", `mapillary`, `kartaview` or `panoramax` by name, else the lit
+  source.
+- **Hidden panel.** Cockpit, clean view, recording or scene playback end it at
+  `view`, before the flight and after every await; embed mode's own clean view
+  is exempt, since the photo is lifted over the globe.
+- **Superseded.** After every await (flight, map switch, layer on, lookup) a
+  newer turn, a shell navigation stamp (`_navigationGeneration`, re-taken where
+  its own flight lands) or a press or wheel on the globe stops it
+  (`superseded: true`). The same checks run before a found photo loads
+  (`proceed`), so nothing billed loads for a request that was given up, and a
+  lookup given up leaves the panel as it was; a photo that opened after either
+  is closed again.
+- **Replacing a photo.** An open photo stays up while the new request looks
+  (`openNearest` `replace: true`; the viewer is replaced, not closed, so EXPAND
+  stays, also across sources through `holdViewer`) and closes if nothing
+  opens, so a place with no imagery shows its own error; a link that only arms
+  closes it at once. A replacement stops a playing Mapillary sequence.
+- **Outcome.** `noImagery` marks an empty result, `imageryError` a source or
+  viewer failure and `aim: 'sky'` a sky centre (from `street.nearestOutcome`);
+  an empty result names a narrowing 360°/flat or SINCE filter the source
+  honours, as `filter`. Every photo the action opens reveals the panel, also
+  one the user had collapsed.
+- **Search.** A source without a coverage layer searches up to 250 m
+  (`NEAREST_RADIUS_MAX_M`; Google honours it); clicks keep 50 m. Mapillary
+  asks for 100 photos within 50 m, its API's most (the API returns them
+  unordered and cuts at the limit), and gives up after 12 s, body included
+  (`NEAREST_TIMEOUT_MS`).
+- **Phone.** The panel sits in the Cameras tab sheet: a photo that opens, or a
+  link that arms, opens the sheet and scrolls the panel into view
+  (`revealPanel`, which does nothing above 720px).
+
+The layer also exposes `requiredMapStack(id)` and `providerStatus(id)` for
+callers that decide before the panel lists a source, `holdViewer()`, and
+`coverageLines(id)` (the lines a provider draws now, as `[lon, lat]` parts)
+for diagnostics. A caller's abort is honoured through the viewer's mount and
+load, and only the lookup that still owns the panel changes its spinner or
+error.
+
+Views carry the request as `street_level` (`src/view/index.js`): a source and
+a point, which defaults to where the camera looks (below 20 km, at a pitch
+steeper than -5° and within 10 km ahead; else the camera's own point, also
+for half a point). A `google` source brings `map: photoreal` and refuses
+another map; `street_level` does not combine with `follow`.
+`show_in_gods_eye_view` measures a view's altitude from the terrain under the
+camera (`services.terrain`) before taking the look-at point, and keeps the
+view's own estimate without a terrain answer. Links carry
+`sl=<source>,<lat>,<lon>`; the globe panel applies views through the action,
+and a plain link runs it once restored (one shot: the rewritten hash drops
+`sl`). A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`.
+
+- **Billing gate.** A plain link never loads a photo from a source that bills
+  every load (`billedPerImage`; Google): the action runs with
+  `autoOpen: false` and arms the layer (`armNearest`: the link's point and
+  radius, for the next OPEN press only, and only while the ground under the
+  screen centre is within 1 km of it (`ARMED_REACH_M`) or cannot be picked; a
+  sky centre refuses; any other lookup, open, close, disable, the source
+  switched off or its map leaving drops it), opens the panel and shows a toast
+  pointing at OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW.
+- **Who may open.** Posted views, and the panel page's own link (inline embed)
+  for a tool result issued in the last 5 minutes, open the photo:
+  `show_in_gods_eye_view` stamps a street-level result `issued_at`, every
+  `gev:view` the panel posts carries `fresh`, and the inline app applies a
+  view without it with `autoOpen: false` (a framing page's posted views still
+  open). `?embed=1` on a published link only arms, without the panel nudge or
+  toast.
+- **Who owns the camera.** A link's photo step is skipped when a newer link
+  superseded its restore, when its restore flight never landed
+  (`share.camera !== 'applied'`: the visitor dragged or searched), or after
+  any navigation since the generation that flight owned (`navigationToken` on
+  the settled result), also while its layers still load. A link pasted into
+  the open tab runs its step after its restore settles
+  (`gev:share-navigation-restore-settled`).
+- **Embed.** The rail is hidden, so an open photo moves to an overlay on the
+  globe (`sl-viewer-wrap-embed`) and back when it closes; Esc closes it (in
+  full screen, Esc leaves full screen first). EXPAND stays under embed mode's
+  clean view; cockpit, recording and scene playback hide the overlay. Loading
+  errors render inside the overlay, and inside the viewer while EXPAND is on.
+  A posted view whose photo step fails before the imagery stage closes the
+  earlier photo before its camera flies; one the user overtook (a click on the
+  map, a newer request) leaves their photo and camera alone; one that found a
+  photo it could not load keeps that error.
 
 Street Level has two browser gates. `npm run qa:street-level -- --url <server>`
 runs against real Mapillary and needs `MAPILLARY_CLIENT_TOKEN`. `npm run
diff --git a/docs/TOOLS.md b/docs/TOOLS.md
index 738ccd541..99dfee5ec 100644
--- a/docs/TOOLS.md
+++ b/docs/TOOLS.md
@@ -104,18 +104,16 @@ draws them once the link has been restored.
 
 A view can open street-level photos too: `street_level` names a source
 (`google` for Street View, `mapillary`, `kartaview`, `panoramax`, or none for
-whichever the panel has lit) and a point, which defaults to the spot the camera looks at. Street View
+the lit one) and a point, by default the spot the camera looks at. Street View
 shows only on the Google 3D map, so a `google` source sets `map` to
-`photoreal` and any other map is refused; a view cannot both follow an entity
-and open photos. The `street-level` layer is turned on. Links carry it as
-`sl=<source>,<lat>,<lon>`; once the link has restored, the app runs its
-`show_street_level` action, which flies to the point at street framing and
-opens the nearest photo. A plain link with a `google` source stops before the
-billed load: the panel is armed and OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW is one click away.
-A view posted into the embedded app, or the panel page's own opening link,
-opens the photo, since it is the client's own request; `?embed=1` on a
-published link does not. Mapillary, KartaView and Panoramax links open the
-photo at once; none of them bills per image. A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`.
+`photoreal` and refuses another; a view cannot both follow an entity and open
+photos. Links carry it as `sl=<source>,<lat>,<lon>`: once restored, the app
+runs `show_street_level`, which flies there and opens the nearest photo. A
+plain link with a `google` source only arms the panel for OPEN GOOGLE STREET
+VIEW; a view posted into the embedded app, or the panel page's own opening
+link, opens it, and `?embed=1` on a published link does not. Mapillary,
+KartaView and Panoramax, which do not bill per image, open at once. A link
+that follows an entity ignores `sl`.
 
 Tools take a view as `VIEW_ARGUMENTS`: an `area` to frame from above, or a
 `camera`, plus `layers`, `style`, `map`, `follow`, `annotations` and
diff --git a/src/app/embed.js b/src/app/embed.js
index d1ad4653c..ed196b0b6 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.js
+++ b/src/app/embed.js
@@ -183,8 +183,7 @@ function flyTo(viewer, camera) {
 
 /**
  * The `show_street_level` arguments for a view's street-level photos. A plain
- * link (`autoOpen: false`) never loads a photo from a source that bills every
- * load: the app arms the panel and the OPEN button is one click away. A view
+ * link (`autoOpen: false`) only arms a source that bills every load; a view
  * posted into the embedded app is the client's own request and opens.
  */
 function streetLevelArgs(streetLevel, { autoOpen = true } = {}) {
@@ -260,20 +259,18 @@ export async function applyView(
   if (view.annotations.length)
     await act('annotate_map', { annotations: [...view.annotations] });
   if (view.street_level) {
-    // The photos frame the camera: the action flies to the point at street
-    // level, lights the source and opens the nearest photo. When it fails
-    // before flying, the view's own camera still applies.
+    // The photos frame the camera; when the action fails before flying, the
+    // view's own camera still applies.
     const result = await act(
       'show_street_level',
       streetLevelArgs(view.street_level, { autoOpen }),
     );
     if (result?.ok !== true) {
-      // Overtaken (a click on the map, a newer request): the panel and the
-      // camera are someone else's now.
+      // Overtaken (a click on the map, a newer request): hands off.
       if (result?.cancelled || result?.superseded) return steps;
       // An earlier view's photo must not stay over a place this view left.
-      // From the imagery stage on the action has settled the panel itself:
-      // a photo it found but could not load keeps its error in view.
+      // From the imagery stage on the action has settled the panel itself
+      // (a photo it could not load keeps its error).
       if (result?.stage !== 'imagery')
         dataManager.layers?.get?.(STREET_LEVEL_LAYER)?.module?.closeViewer?.();
       if (!result?.location)
@@ -331,18 +328,13 @@ export function installViews({
   const hashParams = new URLSearchParams(
     String(location?.hash || '').replace(/^#/, ''),
   );
-  // What the link itself asks for runs first, one thing at a time; posted
-  // views queue behind it. One failing step does not take the next with it.
-  // The camera's owner at restore: anyone who navigates while the link's
-  // steps wait (a gesture, a search, the assistant) takes it, and a passive
-  // link must not fly over them.
-  // A start-up restore that a newer link superseded hands the camera to that
-  // link: its own steps never run.
-  // A restore whose camera never landed (the recipient dragged, searched or
-  // opened another place during its flight) leaves the camera with them.
+  // The link's own steps run first, one at a time, and posted views queue
+  // behind them; one failing step does not take the next with it. A passive
+  // link never flies over someone who took the camera: its steps are skipped
+  // when a newer link superseded it, when its flight never landed (the
+  // recipient dragged or searched), or after any navigation since the
+  // generation its restore flight owned.
   const cameraLanded = (outcome) => outcome?.share?.camera === 'applied';
-  // The generation the restore's own flight owned: a navigation after it
-  // landed, while the layers still loaded, has moved on from it.
   const restoreGeneration = (outcome) =>
     Number.isInteger(outcome?.navigationToken)
       ? outcome.navigationToken
@@ -369,11 +361,9 @@ export function installViews({
   const linked = annotationsFromParams(hashParams);
   if (linked.length)
     queue = linkStep(() => run('annotate_map', { annotations: linked }));
-  // A link to street-level photos opens them once the link has restored. A
-  // link anyone can publish stops short of a billed load and leaves it to a
-  // click; only the panel page's own link for a result issued just now is
-  // the client's request (a host remounting the panel hands back old ones).
-  // A link that follows an entity keeps the camera on it.
+  // A link's street-level photos open once it has restored. A billed source
+  // only arms, except for the panel page's own link to a result issued just
+  // now. A link that follows an entity keeps the camera on it.
   const linkedStreetLevel = (params) =>
     followFromParams(params) ? null : streetLevelFromParams(params);
   const openLinkedStreetLevel = async (
@@ -388,9 +378,8 @@ export function installViews({
       streetLevelArgs(streetLevel, { autoOpen }),
       { origin: 'programmatic' },
     );
-    // The restore window keeps the panel collapsed; OPEN must be in view.
-    // Embed mode hides the rail that holds it, so there the link only arms
-    // (a posted view is the way to open a photo in a frame).
+    // OPEN must be in view, but embed mode hides the rail that holds it: in
+    // a frame a posted view is the way to open a photo.
     if (result?.armed === true && !isEmbedded(location)) {
       shell.setPanelCollapsed?.(STREET_LEVEL_PANEL_ID, false, {
         explicit: true,
@@ -410,9 +399,8 @@ export function installViews({
             autoOpen: isFreshPanelResult(),
           }),
     );
-  // A link pasted into the open tab restores camera and layers on its own;
-  // its photos follow once that restore settles, under the same rule: a plain
-  // link never loads a billed photo by itself.
+  // A link pasted into the open tab: its photos follow once its restore
+  // settles, under the same rules.
   const onNavigatedRestore = (event) => {
     if (event?.detail?.status !== 'settled' || !cameraLanded(event.detail))
       return;
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
index 5e13e647d..c2b36509b 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
@@ -697,22 +697,19 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
     /**
      * Open the nearest image of the active providers (or `providerIds`) near
      * a point, else the view centre, or with `aim: 'screen-centre'` the ground
-     * under the screen centre (sky: nothing). `radiusM` widens the search for
-     * providers that can (a geocoded landmark is rarely within 50 m of a
-     * street); clicks keep the default. A caller's `signal` retires the
-     * lookup: nothing opens after it fires. Providers without
-     * `nearestImage` are skipped. `armed: false` (a request of its own, such
-     * as the assistant's) does not use a link's armed point, and keeps it
-     * while it looks; a photo it opens ends it, as any opened photo does. Why
-     * nothing opened is left in `street.nearestOutcome`: 'empty' (no imagery
-     * in reach), 'sky' (the screen centre is not ground), or null (an error).
-     * `replace: true` (a request that takes over the panel) keeps an open
-     * photo up while it looks, so the viewer and EXPAND stay, and closes it
-     * when the lookup opens nothing: the panel shows this request's outcome.
-     * `proceed()` is asked before a found image loads and before an empty
-     * or failed lookup reports; false retires the request and leaves the
-     * panel as it was (a photo that bills every load must not load for a
-     * request its caller has given up).
+     * under the screen centre (sky: nothing). Providers without
+     * `nearestImage` are skipped. Options:
+     * - `radiusM` widens the search where a provider can (a geocoded landmark
+     *   is rarely within 50 m of a street);
+     * - `signal` retires the lookup: nothing opens after it fires;
+     * - `armed: false` (the assistant's own request) ignores a link's armed
+     *   point and keeps it until a photo opens;
+     * - `replace: true` keeps an open photo (and EXPAND) up while it looks and
+     *   closes it if nothing opens;
+     * - `proceed()` is asked before a found photo loads or an empty lookup
+     *   reports; false retires the request and leaves the panel as it was.
+     * Why nothing opened is in `street.nearestOutcome`: 'empty', 'sky' or
+     * null (an error).
      */
     async openNearest(
       point,
@@ -737,9 +734,8 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
         if (replace && state.street.open) closeViewer();
       };
       if (!point && aim === 'screen-centre' && armed) {
-        // The button promises the centre of the view: the link's spot only
-        // while the view still shows it, or when the view cannot be picked.
-        // Sky refuses below, as any OPEN press does.
+        // OPEN promises the view centre: the link's spot only while the view
+        // still shows it, or when the view cannot be picked.
         const centre = armed.point ? screenCentreGround() : null;
         if (!armed.point) radiusM ??= armed.radiusM;
         else if (
@@ -777,11 +773,9 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
       callerSignal?.addEventListener('abort', onCallerAbort, { once: true });
       const retired = () => {
         callerSignal?.removeEventListener('abort', onCallerAbort);
-        // Only the lookup that still owns the panel may touch it: a newer one
-        // has its own spinner and error.
+        // A newer lookup owns the panel, its spinner and its error.
         if (nearestLookup !== lookup) return false;
         nearestLookup = null;
-        // The caller moved on: the panel shows nothing of this lookup.
         if (state.street.loading) {
           state.street.loading = false;
           notify();
@@ -822,8 +816,7 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
         if (proceed && proceed() !== true) return retired();
         nearestLookup = null;
         callerSignal?.removeEventListener('abort', onCallerAbort);
-        // The photo asked for stays on screen: a sequence playing in the
-        // photo it replaces stops.
+        // A sequence playing in the replaced photo would step past this one.
         if (replace && state.street.open) parts.viewerHost.stopPlayback();
         // The caller's signal still counts while the viewer mounts and loads.
         return openImage(entry.def.id, imageId, {
@@ -834,8 +827,7 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
       callerSignal?.removeEventListener('abort', onCallerAbort);
       // Replaced while it looked: the panel is the newer lookup's.
       if (nearestLookup !== lookup) return false;
-      // Given up by its caller while it looked: the open photo stays, and
-      // the panel reports nothing of this lookup.
+      // Given up by its caller: the panel stays as it was.
       if (proceed && proceed() !== true) return retired();
       nearestLookup = null;
       closeReplaced();
@@ -867,8 +859,7 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
     closeViewer,
     /**
      * Keep the open photo up while a request that replaces it switches the
-     * source (the viewer and EXPAND are replaced, not closed). The returned
-     * release closes it if its source is still off by then.
+     * source, so EXPAND stays. Release closes it if its source is still off.
      */
     holdViewer() {
       viewerHolds += 1;
@@ -883,10 +874,9 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
       };
     },
     /**
-     * Prepare a nearest lookup for the next OPEN press without running it: a
-     * link to a source that bills every load stops here. The press opens at
-     * this point with this radius; any other lookup, open or close, the
-     * source switched off, or its map leaving clears it.
+     * Arm a nearest lookup for the next OPEN press without running it (a link
+     * to a source that bills every load). Any other lookup, open or close, the
+     * source switched off or its map leaving clears it.
      */
     armNearest(point, { providerIds = null, radiusM = null } = {}) {
       state.street.armed = {
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js
index b582b8cdd..78ca14a49 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js
@@ -75,17 +75,14 @@ export const SEQUENCE_IMAGE_FIELDS =
   'id,captured_at,compass_angle,geometry,is_pano';
 
 /**
- * Images asked for in a nearest-image search (show_street_level and links
- * open the photo nearest a point; the graph API caps the radius at 50 m).
- * The API returns the radius's images in no particular order and cuts them
- * at the limit first, so this asks for its most (100): the distance sort and
- * the imagery filter then choose among the spot's photos, not a few of them.
+ * Images asked for in a nearest-image search: the API cuts at the limit
+ * before any order, so this is its most, and the distance sort and the
+ * imagery filter choose among all of the spot's photos.
  */
 export const NEAREST_LIMIT = 100;
 /**
- * A nearest-image search that has not answered (headers and body) in this
- * long is given up: a link or a posted view waits on it, and so does every
- * view queued behind that one.
+ * A nearest-image search not answered in full (body included) by then is
+ * given up: a link or posted view, and every view queued behind it, waits.
  */
 export const NEAREST_TIMEOUT_MS = 12_000;
 /** Fields a nearest-image search needs: where each is, and the filter's. */
diff --git a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js
index b84c8b9e1..fbb73eb15 100644
--- a/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js
+++ b/src/ui/streetLevelControls.js
@@ -316,11 +316,9 @@ export class StreetLevelControls {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Embed mode hides the right rail, panel and viewer with it: an open photo
-   * moves to <body> as an overlay on the globe (`sl-viewer-wrap-embed`, see
-   * embed.css) and returns to its place in the panel when it closes. The
-   * panel view keeps patching the wrap where it is: its siblings are static,
-   * so Vue never inserts next to it.
+   * Embed mode hides the right rail: an open photo moves to <body> as an
+   * overlay on the globe (`sl-viewer-wrap-embed`, embed.css) and goes back
+   * when it closes. Vue keeps patching the wrap there: its siblings are static.
    */
   _syncEmbedOverlay(open) {
     const wrap = this._elements.viewerWrap;
@@ -404,8 +402,6 @@ export class StreetLevelControls {
       if (!isEmbedPage()) this.actions.revealPanel?.();
     }
     this._wasOpen = open;
-    // Embed mode hides the rail the panel sits in: an open photo is shown over
-    // the globe instead, and goes back into the panel when it closes.
     this._syncEmbedOverlay(open);
   }
 
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.js b/src/voice/gevActions.js
index a4cb18a16..09390f309 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.js
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.js
@@ -3819,9 +3819,8 @@ function streetLevelPanelHidden() {
  * (links) stops short of a billed load: the panel is armed for OPEN.
  */
 export async function showStreetLevel(args, context) {
-  // Every await can hand the request's moment to someone else: a newer turn,
-  // a navigation or gesture that takes the camera, or a mode that hides the
-  // panel. Each stage after the place is settled checks again.
+  // After any await a newer turn, a navigation, a globe gesture or a mode
+  // that hides the panel may have taken over: each later stage checks again.
   const owner = watchCameraOwner(context.viewer, context.styleManager);
   // A photo held up while the request switches its source is let go however
   // the request ends: replaced by then, or closed if its source stayed off.
@@ -3912,8 +3911,7 @@ async function requestStreetLevel(
   const status = layerModule.providerStatus?.(provider) || null;
   providerName = status?.name || provider;
 
-  // The key first, on any map: a chip without a key explains it and switches
-  // nothing, and so does this.
+  // The key first: without one nothing changes, as with a chip.
   if (status && (status.keyRequired === true || status.configured === false))
     return fail('key', status.error || `${providerName} needs its key`, {
       keyRejected: status.keyRejected === true,
@@ -3998,9 +3996,8 @@ async function requestStreetLevel(
     point = { lat: location.latitude, lon: location.longitude };
   }
 
-  // Cockpit, clean view, recording and scene playback hide the panel the
-  // photo opens in, and may have started during the flight.
-  // The camera is the request's from where its own flight landed.
+  // A mode that hides the panel may have started during the flight. The
+  // camera is the request's from where its flight landed.
   if (location) owner.claim();
   const arrived = interrupted('view');
   if (arrived) return arrived;
@@ -4076,13 +4073,11 @@ async function requestStreetLevel(
       location,
     });
 
-  // A billed source never loads from a link without a click: everything is
-  // ready and OPEN is one press away at the view centre.
+  // A link never loads a billed photo by itself: it arms OPEN instead.
   if (args.autoOpen === false && status?.billed === true) {
     // A photo of another place must not stay up beside the armed request.
     if (layerModule.getUIState?.()?.street?.open === true)
       layerModule.closeViewer?.();
-    // The next OPEN press loads exactly what the link asked for.
     layerModule.armNearest?.(point, {
       providerIds: [provider],
       ...(snapshot.groundClick === true
@@ -4101,13 +4096,10 @@ async function requestStreetLevel(
     };
   }
 
-  // A source with no coverage to click (Street View) is searched wider: a
-  // geocoded landmark is rarely within 50 m of a street. A newer turn
-  // retires the lookup: nothing opens after the user moved on. A photo of
-  // another place stays up while it looks (the viewer, EXPAND included, is
-  // replaced, not closed) and closes if this request opens nothing: the
-  // panel shows this request's outcome. Once an image is found it loads
-  // only if the camera and the panel are still the request's.
+  // Street View has no coverage to click, so it searches wider: a geocoded
+  // landmark is rarely within 50 m of a street. An open photo stays up while
+  // this looks and closes if nothing opens; a found photo loads only while
+  // the camera and the panel are still the request's.
   reportProgress('imagery', label);
   const opened = await layerModule.openNearest(point, {
     providerIds: [provider],
@@ -4123,9 +4115,8 @@ async function requestStreetLevel(
       : {}),
   });
   const street = layerModule.getUIState?.()?.street || {};
-  // A cancelled request opens nothing (the lookup and the viewer both honour
-  // the turn's signal). A photo that opened after the camera moved on, or
-  // into a panel hidden meanwhile, is closed again: nobody asked to see it.
+  // A photo that opened after the camera moved on, or into a panel hidden
+  // meanwhile, is closed again.
   const late = interrupted('imagery');
   if (late) {
     if (opened === true) layerModule.closeViewer?.();

From c76832ca694705c69d62e99de4f3ba9076ffc18c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 23:58:03 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 117/181] Street Level: drop the unused coverageLines
 diagnostics

Nothing reads the drawn coverage lines: the browser gate aims elsewhere, so
lineCoverage's drawnLines, the providers' coverageLines and the layer's
coverageLines go, with their tests and the doc mention.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                         |  5 +-
 src/layers/streetLevel/index.js               |  4 --
 src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs         | 37 -----------
 src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.js        | 19 ------
 src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.test.mjs  | 64 -------------------
 .../streetLevel/providers/kartaview/index.js  |  1 -
 .../streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js  |  1 -
 .../streetLevel/providers/panoramax/index.js  |  3 -
 .../providers/panoramax/provider.test.mjs     |  6 --
 src/layers/streetLevel/registry.js            |  1 -
 10 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 139 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 7863c09fa..3253efc79 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5121,9 +5121,8 @@ app.
   (`revealPanel`, which does nothing above 720px).
 
 The layer also exposes `requiredMapStack(id)` and `providerStatus(id)` for
-callers that decide before the panel lists a source, `holdViewer()`, and
-`coverageLines(id)` (the lines a provider draws now, as `[lon, lat]` parts)
-for diagnostics. A caller's abort is honoured through the viewer's mount and
+callers that decide before the panel lists a source, and `holdViewer()`. A
+caller's abort is honoured through the viewer's mount and
 load, and only the lookup that still owns the panel changes its spinner or
 error.
 
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
index c2b36509b..6b0aa2d27 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
@@ -515,10 +515,6 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
       const def = defs.find((entry) => entry.id === providerId);
       return def?.requiresMapStack || null;
     },
-    /** The coverage lines a provider draws now (see `coverageLines`). */
-    coverageLines(providerId) {
-      return state.providers.get(providerId)?.instance.coverageLines?.() ?? [];
-    },
     /**
      * A provider's name and key state on any map (the panel lists a provider
      * only on the map it needs). `configured` is null until its status call
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
index 92cb2338e..1f019e3d8 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.test.mjs
@@ -1604,43 +1604,6 @@ test('the action over the real layer: a billed link arms without a lookup, and o
   assert.equal(fake.lookups.length, before + 2);
 });
 
-test('coverageLines hands back what a provider draws, and nothing for providers without lines', async (t) => {
-  const drawing = fakeProvider();
-  const create = drawing.create;
-  drawing.create = (context) => ({
-    ...create(context),
-    coverageLines: () => [
-      {
-        id: 's1',
-        parts: [
-          [
-            [1, 2],
-            [1, 2.001],
-          ],
-        ],
-      },
-    ],
-  });
-  const { layer } = await enabledLayer(t, [drawing]);
-  assert.deepEqual(layer.coverageLines(drawing.id), [
-    {
-      id: 's1',
-      parts: [
-        [
-          [1, 2],
-          [1, 2.001],
-        ],
-      ],
-    },
-  ]);
-  assert.deepEqual(layer.coverageLines('nope'), []);
-});
-
-test('coverageLines is empty for a provider that draws no coverage', async (t) => {
-  const { layer } = await enabledLayer(t, [fakeProvider()]);
-  assert.deepEqual(layer.coverageLines(fakeProvider().id), []);
-});
-
 test('openNearest keeps honouring the caller after the lookup: an abort while the viewer loads opens nothing', async (t) => {
   let releaseMount = null;
   const provider = fakeProvider({ nearestImage: async () => 'img-1' });
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.js
index 80a86836c..bab1af46d 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.js
@@ -531,24 +531,6 @@ export function createLineCoverage({
     };
   }
 
-  /**
-   * The sequence lines drawn now, as `[lon, lat]` parts per sequence, for
-   * diagnostics: what each tile drew (`attachPrimitive` keeps it in
-   * `entry.sequences`). Read-only copies.
-   */
-  function drawnLines() {
-    const lines = [];
-    for (const entry of state.coverage.tiles.values())
-      for (const sequence of entry.sequences.values())
-        lines.push({
-          id: sequence.id,
-          parts: (sequence.parts || []).map((part) =>
-            part.map(([lon, lat]) => [lon, lat]),
-          ),
-        });
-    return lines;
-  }
-
   return {
     attach,
     detach,
@@ -561,6 +543,5 @@ export function createLineCoverage({
     highlight,
     sequenceCount,
     stats,
-    drawnLines,
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.test.mjs
index dd9282119..60bae7eb3 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/lineCoverage.test.mjs
@@ -654,67 +654,3 @@ test('the selected sequence is drawn and highlighted even past the per-tile cap'
   assert.ok(state.coverage.highlight, 'the selected line is highlighted');
   coverage.clear();
 });
-
-test('drawnLines reports the lines on the globe as [lon, lat] copies, filtered like the drawing', async () => {
-  const { source, state, coverage, centre } = setup();
-  assert.deepEqual(coverage.drawnLines(), [], 'nothing before a tile');
-  const sequences = [
-    {
-      id: 'flat-1',
-      parts: [
-        [
-          [centre.lon - 0.001, centre.lat],
-          [centre.lon + 0.001, centre.lat],
-        ],
-      ],
-      capturedAt: 2_000_000_000_000,
-    },
-    {
-      id: 'pano-1',
-      parts: [
-        [
-          [centre.lon, centre.lat - 0.001],
-          [centre.lon, centre.lat],
-          [centre.lon, centre.lat + 0.001],
-        ],
-      ],
-      capturedAt: 1_000_000_000_000,
-      isPano: true,
-    },
-  ];
-  state.filter = { pano: 'pano', sinceDays: 0 };
-  coverage.refresh();
-  source.calls[0].resolve(encodeCoverageTile(centre.tile, { sequences }));
-  await settle();
-  const lines = coverage.drawnLines();
-  assert.deepEqual(
-    lines.map((line) => line.id),
-    ['pano-1'],
-    'only the drawn (filtered) lines',
-  );
-  assert.equal(lines[0].parts.length, 1);
-  assert.equal(lines[0].parts[0].length, 3);
-  // Tile coordinates are quantised to the tile grid (a few metres at z14).
-  const [midLon, midLat] = lines[0].parts[0][1];
-  assert.ok(
-    Math.abs(midLon - centre.lon) < 1e-4 &&
-      Math.abs(midLat - centre.lat) < 1e-4,
-    `coordinates as [lon, lat]: ${midLon}, ${midLat} vs ${centre.lon}, ${centre.lat}`,
-  );
-  assert.ok(
-    lines[0].parts[0][0][1] < lines[0].parts[0][2][1],
-    'vertex order kept: south to north',
-  );
-  // Copies: a caller cannot bend the drawn line.
-  lines[0].parts[0][1][0] = 0;
-  assert.notEqual(coverage.drawnLines()[0].parts[0][1][0], 0);
-  state.filter = { pano: 'all', sinceDays: 0 };
-  coverage.rebuild();
-  assert.deepEqual(
-    coverage
-      .drawnLines()
-      .map((line) => line.id)
-      .sort(),
-    ['flat-1', 'pano-1'],
-  );
-});
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/kartaview/index.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/kartaview/index.js
index 523f6920c..6e75f967a 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/kartaview/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/kartaview/index.js
@@ -535,7 +535,6 @@ export function createKartaViewProvider({
           loading: state.sequence.loading,
           error: state.sequence.error,
         }),
-        coverageLines: () => coverage.drawnLines(),
 
         /**
          * The nearest photo within the search radius that can be shown, or
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js
index c40bed62c..e3e92d6dd 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/index.js
@@ -196,7 +196,6 @@ export function createMapillaryProvider({ source, photoViewer = null }) {
           loading: state.sequence.loading,
           error: state.sequence.error,
         }),
-        coverageLines: () => parts.coverage.drawnLines(),
 
         /**
          * The nearest image that passes the imagery filter, or null: what
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/panoramax/index.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/panoramax/index.js
index 805d304b9..e855c9c72 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/panoramax/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/panoramax/index.js
@@ -526,9 +526,6 @@ export function createPanoramaxProvider({
           cones.clearSelection();
           drawn = null;
         },
-        // The lines drawn now (current and stale tiles), as [lon, lat]
-        // parts, for diagnostics and the browser gate's line clicks.
-        coverageLines: () => coverage.drawnLines(),
         sequenceStats: () => ({
           selectedId: state.sequence.selectedId,
           images: state.sequence.images.length,
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/panoramax/provider.test.mjs b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/panoramax/provider.test.mjs
index 4ad4e9655..628805ce1 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/panoramax/provider.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/panoramax/provider.test.mjs
@@ -1182,9 +1182,3 @@ test('a busy or timed-out tile keeps its own message; only a body that is not a
     assert.equal(env.instance.sequenceStats().error, failure.message);
   }
 });
-
-test('coverageLines exposes the drawn lines, none before any tile', () => {
-  const { instance } = setup();
-  assert.equal(typeof instance.coverageLines, 'function');
-  assert.deepEqual(instance.coverageLines(), []);
-});
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/registry.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/registry.js
index a79cbd675..ff4e84c3d 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/registry.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/registry.js
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ export function filtersOf(provider) {
  * @property {(sequenceId: string) => Promise<void>} [selectSequence]
  * @property {() => void} [clearSequence]
  * @property {() => {selectedId: string|null, images: number, loading: boolean, error?: string|null}} [sequenceStats]
- * @property {() => Array<{id: string, parts: Array<Array<[number, number]>>}>} [coverageLines]   The coverage lines drawn now, as [lon, lat] parts (diagnostics).
  * @property {(point: {lat: number, lon: number}, options?: {signal?: AbortSignal, radiusM?: number}) => Promise<string|null>} [nearestImage]   For ground clicks and `openNearest`; an aborted lookup gives up (it may reject with an AbortError). `radiusM` asks for a wider search than NEAREST_RADIUS_M; a provider that cannot search wider ignores it.
  * @property {ViewerAdapter} viewer
  *

From 49ac289d00fac07eb4feb569efc7981154bd8de5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mazeyar Moeini Feizabadi <mazy.moeini@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 21:26:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 118/181] fix(news): gate /api/news same-site, answer 400 on a
 bad request line, relay key states

A malformed request line crashed the server, any web page could spend the
news keys, and the forwarding proxy turned the news server's 503 key and
configuration states into a generic 502.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.2 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 SECURITY.md                    |  2 +-
 server/providers/news.js       | 49 ++++++++++++++++++---
 server/providers/news.test.mjs | 78 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 3 files changed, 119 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/SECURITY.md b/SECURITY.md
index 6e3625f71..e12a77025 100644
--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ The data proxies under `server/providers/` are written so the browser cannot tur
 - **Sanitized errors** — internal error details are not echoed back to clients.
 - **Coalesced OAuth refresh** and cached successful responses only (OpenSky).
 - **Redacted debug logging.** The voice debug log (`.gev-logs/`, gitignored) strips API keys, bearer tokens, client secrets, and image data URLs before writing.
-- **Cross-site gate on cost/log endpoints.** The cost-bearing (`/api/realtime/token`, `/api/openai/hud-summary`, `/api/google/nearby-places`, `/api/google/text-search`), quota-bearing (`/api/mapillary/*`, with a per-IP limit on tiles, and `/api/tomtom/*`, backed by its persistent daily tile budget) and log (`/api/realtime/debug-log`) endpoints refuse cross-site browser requests: a foreign or opaque `Origin`, a `Sec-Fetch-Site` other than `same-origin`/`none` (this is what blocks an `<img>`/navigation that carries no `Origin`), or any reverse-proxy/CDN forwarding header returns `403`. Non-browser loopback tools (the repo QA harnesses POST the token endpoint with no `Origin`) and the explicit `HOST=0.0.0.0` LAN opt-in keep working — the gate deliberately does not require a loopback remote address; that stricter requirement belongs only to the credential panel (`admitKeySetupRequest`). The Host check (`allowedHosts`, applied by `hostCheckPlugin` ahead of every route, since Vite's own check runs only after plugin middleware) rejects a rebinding `Host` before any handler runs, in every mode, and the gate is defense in depth behind it: the LAN opt-in keeps that check and accepts only IP addresses, `localhost` and names listed in `GEV_ALLOWED_HOSTS`. **Limit:** a name you list there is trusted like the app's own address, so list only names you control. The keyless map routes (`/api/terrain/heights`, `/api/drone-airspace`, `/api/inaturalist/observations`, `/api/acartia/sightings`, `/api/overpass` and voice place search's `/api/osm/features`, which spends the same operator Overpass) use the same cross-site checks, minus the forwarding-header refusal: they guard only per-client quotas and caches, not a key or a bill, and the map and voice need them to work behind a reverse proxy. `/api/overpass` also admits at most 300 POSTs a minute per peer (IPv6 peers keyed by /64) and 900 a minute across all remote peers before it reads a body. A direct loopback request — a loopback socket with none of the forwarding headers `hasProxySignals` checks (`Forwarded`, `Via`, `X-Forwarded-For`, `X-Forwarded-Host`, `X-Forwarded-Port`, `X-Forwarded-Proto`, `X-Real-IP`, `CF-Connecting-IP`, `CF-Ray`) — draws on its own per-peer admission window, so remote peers cannot exhaust the owner's admission. A reverse proxy on the same machine must add at least one of those headers (Caddy and Cloudflare do by default; nginx needs `proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;`, plus `proxy_set_header Host $http_host;` and `proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;` so the `Origin` check matches), or its traffic is indistinguishable from the owner's and shares the owner's window. With one, its requests are then counted as remote, in one bucket per proxy socket — the forwarded client address is never trusted as identity — so all users behind one proxy share 300/min. The isolation needs a loopback socket: under the default Docker bridge network every host-side client, the owner included, arrives from the container gateway and is one remote peer. **Limit:** this isolates admission only. The upstream budget (90 requests/min per client key, 300/min across all clients) is shared, so once remote traffic has used the global upstream budget, an owner request that misses the cache can still get `429`, or `503` when remote misses hold every upstream concurrency slot; cache hits are unaffected. The CCTV routes (`/api/cctv/*`) use the same keyless checks; their one key-bearing step, the Street View fallback, is skipped for any request with forwarding headers.
+- **Cross-site gate on cost/log endpoints.** The cost-bearing (`/api/realtime/token`, `/api/openai/hud-summary`, `/api/google/nearby-places`, `/api/google/text-search`), quota-bearing (`/api/mapillary/*`, with a per-IP limit on tiles, `/api/tomtom/*`, backed by its persistent daily tile budget, and `/api/news/*`, which spends the World News API daily reads, Liveuamap reads and GDELT downloads) and log (`/api/realtime/debug-log`) endpoints refuse cross-site browser requests: a foreign or opaque `Origin`, a `Sec-Fetch-Site` other than `same-origin`/`none` (this is what blocks an `<img>`/navigation that carries no `Origin`), or any reverse-proxy/CDN forwarding header returns `403`. Non-browser loopback tools (the repo QA harnesses POST the token endpoint with no `Origin`) and the explicit `HOST=0.0.0.0` LAN opt-in keep working — the gate deliberately does not require a loopback remote address; that stricter requirement belongs only to the credential panel (`admitKeySetupRequest`). The Host check (`allowedHosts`, applied by `hostCheckPlugin` ahead of every route, since Vite's own check runs only after plugin middleware) rejects a rebinding `Host` before any handler runs, in every mode, and the gate is defense in depth behind it: the LAN opt-in keeps that check and accepts only IP addresses, `localhost` and names listed in `GEV_ALLOWED_HOSTS`. **Limit:** a name you list there is trusted like the app's own address, so list only names you control. The keyless map routes (`/api/terrain/heights`, `/api/drone-airspace`, `/api/inaturalist/observations`, `/api/acartia/sightings`, `/api/overpass` and voice place search's `/api/osm/features`, which spends the same operator Overpass) use the same cross-site checks, minus the forwarding-header refusal: they guard only per-client quotas and caches, not a key or a bill, and the map and voice need them to work behind a reverse proxy. `/api/overpass` also admits at most 300 POSTs a minute per peer (IPv6 peers keyed by /64) and 900 a minute across all remote peers before it reads a body. A direct loopback request — a loopback socket with none of the forwarding headers `hasProxySignals` checks (`Forwarded`, `Via`, `X-Forwarded-For`, `X-Forwarded-Host`, `X-Forwarded-Port`, `X-Forwarded-Proto`, `X-Real-IP`, `CF-Connecting-IP`, `CF-Ray`) — draws on its own per-peer admission window, so remote peers cannot exhaust the owner's admission. A reverse proxy on the same machine must add at least one of those headers (Caddy and Cloudflare do by default; nginx needs `proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;`, plus `proxy_set_header Host $http_host;` and `proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;` so the `Origin` check matches), or its traffic is indistinguishable from the owner's and shares the owner's window. With one, its requests are then counted as remote, in one bucket per proxy socket — the forwarded client address is never trusted as identity — so all users behind one proxy share 300/min. The isolation needs a loopback socket: under the default Docker bridge network every host-side client, the owner included, arrives from the container gateway and is one remote peer. **Limit:** this isolates admission only. The upstream budget (90 requests/min per client key, 300/min across all clients) is shared, so once remote traffic has used the global upstream budget, an owner request that misses the cache can still get `429`, or `503` when remote misses hold every upstream concurrency slot; cache hits are unaffected. The CCTV routes (`/api/cctv/*`) use the same keyless checks; their one key-bearing step, the Street View fallback, is skipped for any request with forwarding headers.
 - **Full Content-Security-Policy.** The dev and preview servers send a real CSP (`script-src 'self' 'unsafe-eval' blob:` plus the YouTube, Facebook and X scripts the Nepal event's embedded media loads and the Maps JavaScript API that Street View runs on, with a matching `frame-src` for their players and posts: no inline script and no other script origin; `blob:` covers the object URLs Cesium's bundled workers bootstrap through in the built app), alongside the existing `X-Frame-Options: DENY` and `frame-ancestors 'none'`. `'unsafe-eval'` stays because Knockout, bundled inside Cesium's widgets package, resolves the global object with `eval` at load time and the globe does not initialize without it; styles permit `'unsafe-inline'` and Google Fonts because Vite's dev client injects `<style>` elements.
 
 Allowing `maps.googleapis.com` in `script-src` also trusts its JSONP endpoints, which can bypass the script allowlist if an HTML-injection bug exists; this is an accepted limitation of loading the Maps JavaScript API, alongside the existing `'unsafe-eval'` allowance.
diff --git a/server/providers/news.js b/server/providers/news.js
index 9184161a1..30f7aa31f 100644
--- a/server/providers/news.js
+++ b/server/providers/news.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { newsQueryAllowed } from '../../src/layers/news/source.js';
 import { readResponseTextCapped } from './common/http.js';
+import { sameSiteGated } from './common/same-site.js';
 import { createKeyedNews } from './news/keyed.js';
 
 // News (/api/news/*). With GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN set (a news server such as
@@ -62,6 +63,25 @@ function configuredOrigin(env, log) {
   };
 }
 
+/** A 503's known key or configuration state, rebuilt from its fields; else null. */
+async function upstreamState(upstream) {
+  let body = null;
+  try {
+    body = JSON.parse(await readResponseTextCapped(upstream, 16 * 1024));
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (body?.error === 'news_not_configured')
+    return { error: body.error, unavailable: true, retryable: false };
+  if (
+    ['no_key', 'key_rejected', 'key_quota'].includes(body?.error) &&
+    typeof body.key === 'string' &&
+    /^[a-z][a-z0-9-]{0,31}$/.test(body.key)
+  )
+    return { error: body.error, key: body.key };
+  return null;
+}
+
 /**
  * A thin, validated GET proxy for the news layer's three read routes, or
  * their keyed answers without a news server. A host that serves news only
@@ -91,11 +111,17 @@ export function newsProxy({
   async function handler(req, res) {
     if (req.method !== 'GET')
       return json(res, 405, { error: 'method_not_allowed' });
-    const local = new URL(req.url || '/', 'http://local');
-    const target = new URL(
-      `/api/news${local.pathname}${local.search}`,
-      'http://local',
-    );
+    let local, target;
+    try {
+      // `//[` and the like are no URL: a 400, not an unhandled rejection.
+      local = new URL(req.url || '/', 'http://local');
+      target = new URL(
+        `/api/news${local.pathname}${local.search}`,
+        'http://local',
+      );
+    } catch {
+      return json(res, 400, { error: 'invalid_news_request' });
+    }
     if (!newsQueryAllowed(target))
       return json(res, 400, { error: 'invalid_news_request' });
     const base = origin();
@@ -126,6 +152,12 @@ export function newsProxy({
           signal: AbortSignal.timeout(timeoutMs),
         },
       );
+      if (upstream.status === 503) {
+        // The news server's own key and configuration states reach the
+        // panel as they are, so it can say which key is missing.
+        const state = await upstreamState(upstream);
+        if (state) return json(res, 503, state);
+      }
       if (!upstream.ok) {
         await upstream.body?.cancel().catch(() => {});
         return json(res, 502, {
@@ -144,13 +176,16 @@ export function newsProxy({
     }
   }
 
+  // The routes spend keys and upstream reads: no other site's page, and no
+  // proxied request, may drive them (SECURITY.md, cross-site gate).
+  const gated = sameSiteGated(handler);
   return {
     name: 'news',
     configureServer({ middlewares }) {
-      middlewares.use('/api/news', handler);
+      middlewares.use('/api/news', gated);
     },
     configurePreviewServer({ middlewares }) {
-      middlewares.use('/api/news', handler);
+      middlewares.use('/api/news', gated);
     },
   };
 }
diff --git a/server/providers/news.test.mjs b/server/providers/news.test.mjs
index 438174011..aeaa6c597 100644
--- a/server/providers/news.test.mjs
+++ b/server/providers/news.test.mjs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ function mount(options) {
       },
     },
   });
-  return async (url, method = 'GET') => {
+  return async (url, method = 'GET', headers = {}) => {
     const res = {
       destroyed: false,
       status: 0,
@@ -24,11 +24,15 @@ function mount(options) {
         this.status = status;
         this.headers = headers;
       },
+      setHeader(name, value) {
+        this.headers[name] = value;
+      },
       end(body) {
+        if (this.statusCode) this.status = this.statusCode;
         this.body = body;
       },
     };
-    await handler({ url, method }, res);
+    await handler({ url, method, headers }, res);
     return { ...res, json: res.body ? JSON.parse(res.body) : null };
   };
 }
@@ -218,3 +222,73 @@ test('a host that serves news only from its own server turns the built-in backen
   }
   assert.equal(fetches, 0);
 });
+
+test('a request line that is no URL is a 400, not a crash', async () => {
+  const call = mount({
+    origin: () => null,
+    keyed: { answer: async () => assert.fail('nothing is answered') },
+  });
+  // `GET /api/news//[`: Connect strips the mount prefix and leaves `//[`.
+  const bad = await call('//[');
+  assert.equal(bad.status, 400);
+  assert.deepEqual(bad.json, { error: 'invalid_news_request' });
+});
+
+test('cross-site and proxied requests are refused before anything is read', async () => {
+  let answered = 0;
+  const call = mount({
+    origin: () => null,
+    keyed: {
+      answer: async () => {
+        answered++;
+        return { status: 200, body: { reports: [], nextBefore: null } };
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const host = 'localhost:5173';
+  for (const headers of [
+    { host, origin: 'https://evil.example' },
+    { host, origin: 'null' },
+    { host, 'sec-fetch-site': 'cross-site' },
+    { host, 'x-forwarded-for': '203.0.113.9' },
+  ]) {
+    const refused = await call('/feed?hotspot=all', 'GET', headers);
+    assert.equal(refused.status, 403, JSON.stringify(headers));
+  }
+  assert.equal(answered, 0);
+  for (const headers of [
+    { host },
+    { host, origin: `http://${host}`, 'sec-fetch-site': 'same-origin' },
+  ]) {
+    const passed = await call('/feed?hotspot=all', 'GET', headers);
+    assert.equal(passed.status, 200, JSON.stringify(headers));
+  }
+  assert.equal(answered, 2);
+});
+
+test("a news server's key and configuration states are relayed as they are", async () => {
+  for (const body of [
+    { error: 'no_key', key: 'worldnewsapi' },
+    { error: 'key_rejected', key: 'worldnewsapi' },
+    { error: 'key_quota', key: 'worldnewsapi' },
+    { error: 'news_not_configured', unavailable: true, retryable: false },
+  ]) {
+    const call = mount({
+      origin: () => 'https://news.example',
+      fetchImpl: async () =>
+        new Response(JSON.stringify(body), { status: 503 }),
+    });
+    const relayed = await call('/feed?hotspot=all&at=31.95,35.93');
+    assert.equal(relayed.status, 503, body.error);
+    assert.deepEqual(relayed.json, body);
+  }
+  // Any other 503 stays a bounded upstream error.
+  const other = mount({
+    origin: () => 'https://news.example',
+    fetchImpl: async () =>
+      new Response('{"error":"maintenance","detail":"x"}', { status: 503 }),
+  });
+  const down = await other('/hotspots');
+  assert.equal(down.status, 502);
+  assert.deepEqual(down.json, { error: 'news_upstream_error', status: 503 });
+});

From 7cd2af46e4d9d3f4ca666804ee1e5f8e9aaef831 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mazeyar Moeini Feizabadi <mazy.moeini@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 21:26:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 119/181] fix(news): one-hour World News API retention,
 refunded reads, pins, disputed areas, counts

Keep World News API results an hour at most and say caching needs its
permission; refund a read that never reached it; match Local by any pin;
assign a disputed area by a point inside it; untitled GDELT stories are
minor; hotspot counts leave out minor reports.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.2 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .env.example                               |   6 +-
 DATA_SOURCES.md                            |   2 +-
 README.md                                  |   2 +-
 changelog.d/1593-news-layer.md             |   5 +-
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                      |   2 +-
 docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md                       |  15 +-
 server/providers/news/areas.js             |  22 ++-
 server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.js       |  11 +-
 server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.test.mjs |   5 +-
 server/providers/news/keyed.js             |  44 ++++--
 server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs       | 158 +++++++++++++++++----
 server/providers/news/upstream.js          |  11 +-
 12 files changed, 230 insertions(+), 53 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
index dd6bc1d1e..573c5fab4 100644
--- a/.env.example
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -343,8 +343,10 @@ GEMINI_CHAT_MODEL=gemini-3.5-flash-lite
 # Local: the day's news from the outlets of the country in view (free plan
 # of 50 points a day, https://worldnewsapi.com/console/), read once per
 # country every 30 minutes, about 1.5 points a read. Without it Local says
-# "key required". The free plan asks for a visible "World News API" link;
-# the app's Data attribution popover carries it.
+# "key required". Each country's news is kept in memory for at most 1 hour.
+# World News API's terms (https://worldnewsapi.com/terms/) allow caching
+# only with its prior written permission: get that before setting the key.
+# The app's Data attribution popover credits World News API with a link.
 # WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY=
 # The most World News API reads a day (default 30, about 45 points, inside
 # the free plan). After that Local says the daily limit is reached.
diff --git a/DATA_SOURCES.md b/DATA_SOURCES.md
index ffd07443b..2af477350 100644
--- a/DATA_SOURCES.md
+++ b/DATA_SOURCES.md
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ How to read this:
 | **News server** (`GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN`, optional; none by default) | News layer, both sections: the last 24 h of reports from many publishers. Set, the local server forwards the layer's `/api/news/hotspots`, `/feed` and `/outline` GET requests to it and Core reads none of the three sources below. Which providers stand behind its feed is the news server's to state | Each report stays its publisher's: headlines and summaries link to the original article, and pictures are hotlinked from the publisher's site (no referrer), never stored | Per report: publisher name and article link on every card; picture cards name the picture's publisher. The Data attribution popover states that places, categories, severity and English headlines are derived automatically and can be wrong |
 | **GDELT 2.0 events and GKG** (`data.gdeltproject.org/gdeltv2/`; no key; used only without a news server) | News layer, Conflicts: the last 24 h of GDELT's 15-minute event exports (`*.export.CSV.zip`, about 100 KB each), read server-side as they appear. Physical violence only (CAMEO roots 18–20); one report per story, copies of one agency story merged; placed at GDELT's location for it (a town the article's words name beats a bare country). Titled by the article's page title from the GKG export of the same quarter hour (`*.gkg.csv.zip`, about 6 MB each) for the newest 3 h, else by the words of the article's address. GDELT's actor coding is never shown. Categories, relevance and severity by bundled rules | [GDELT Terms of Use](https://www.gdeltproject.org/about.html#termsofuse): unrestricted academic, commercial and governmental use, with citation and a link to the GDELT Project. Coded events, page titles and article links only; linked articles keep their publishers' terms | "GDELT Project" with a link to gdeltproject.org in the Data attribution popover; "via GDELT Project", the publisher's domain and the article link on every card |
 | **Liveuamap** (`a.liveuamap.com/api`, `LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY`, optional, paid; used only without a news server) | News layer, Conflicts, beside GDELT: Liveuamap's worldwide mapped items of the last 24 h (`a=mpts`), read server-side every 5 minutes; categories and severity are read from the headline by bundled rules | Liveuamap API terms of the operator's own subscription. Headlines, places and links only; item pictures and clips are hotlinked from Liveuamap, never stored | "Liveuamap" with a link in the Data attribution popover once its items show; "Liveuamap" and the item's Liveuamap link on every card |
-| **World News API** (`api.worldnewsapi.com/search-news`, `WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`, optional; used only without a news server) | News layer, Local: the last 24 h of news by the source country at the view centre (country from the bundled Natural Earth admin-0 pack; none in a disputed area), read server-side once per country every 30 minutes, about 1.5 points a read; at most `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads a day (default 30), after which Local says the daily limit is reached. Each story keeps World News API's own category (politics, business, else other) with no severity of its own; sport, entertainment, lifestyle and travel left out | [World News API terms](https://worldnewsapi.com/terms/) of the operator's own plan; the free plan (50 points a day) requires a visible backlink to worldnewsapi.com in the app, paid plans do not. Titles and links only; article text and summaries are not kept or shown; pictures are hotlinked from the publisher | The "World News API" link to worldnewsapi.com, always in the Data attribution popover (the free plan's required backlink); "via World News API", the publisher's domain and the article link on every card |
+| **World News API** (`api.worldnewsapi.com/search-news`, `WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`, optional; used only without a news server) | News layer, Local: the last 24 h of news by the source country at the view centre (country from the bundled Natural Earth admin-0 pack; none in a disputed area), read server-side once per country every 30 minutes, about 1.5 points a read, kept in memory for at most 1 hour and then deleted (a read that fails is served from that copy only within the hour); at most `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads a day (default 30), after which Local says the daily limit is reached. Each story keeps World News API's own category (politics, business, else other) with no severity of its own; sport, entertainment, lifestyle and travel left out | [World News API terms](https://worldnewsapi.com/terms/) of the operator's own plan. The terms allow caching only with World News API's prior written permission, and then for at most 1 hour: getting that permission before setting the key is the operator's responsibility. Titles and links only; article text and summaries are not kept or shown; pictures are hotlinked from the publisher | The "World News API" link to worldnewsapi.com, always in the Data attribution popover (a credit; the terms require a backlink only of invited free plans); "via World News API", the publisher's domain and the article link on every card |
 | **InciWeb** (inciweb.wildfire.gov)                                    | Per-incident "InciWeb ↗" card links to official incident pages (narratives, evacuation/closure notices) | U.S. government public incident information. Links are matched best-effort by incident name and state, with incident page origin and update times checked on selection. Same-origin `/api/fire-perimeters/inciweb` routes cache the catalog for 1 hour and publication metadata for 30 minutes; linked pages remain InciWeb content | "Incident information: InciWeb (inciweb.wildfire.gov)" |
 | **FAA Special Use Airspace** (`services6.arcgis.com` FeatureServer `Special_Use_Airspace`) | Prohibited & Restricted Airspace layer: US prohibited (P) and restricted (R) special-use airspace polygons (not the UAS Facility Map or UAS flight restrictions), altitude limits from the `*_VAL`/`*_UOM`/`*_CODE` fields, times of use, and controlling agency | U.S. public domain (FAA aeronautical data published through the [FAA AIS Open Data portal](https://adds-faa.opendata.arcgis.com/)); fetched keyless through `/api/drone-airspace` (1-hour server cache). Informational only — not a substitute for official UAS flight-planning tools | "Prohibited & restricted airspace: FAA Special Use Airspace" |
 | **iNaturalist API** (`api.inaturalist.org/v2/observations`, `/v1/grid/{z}/{x}/{y}.grid.json`) | Wildlife Sightings layer: verifiable wildlife observed within the last 48 h (whales 7 d), by observation time, in the current view, with taxon, observation time, quality grade and eligible photo | Per-record licences; observations default CC BY-NC. Photos CC0/BY/BY-SA/BY-NC/BY-NC-SA shown; ND and all-rights-reserved photos link-only. Keyless via `/api/inaturalist/observations` (5-min cache; global sample 10 min; stale ≤ 1 h; 60 requests/min and 8,000/day upstream caps). **NonCommercial content:** commercial redistributors must filter to CC0/BY/BY-SA or remove the layer. No AI training on this content | "Wildlife sightings: iNaturalist contributors (licences per record; photos credited on each card)" |
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index a903d8fa1..f47f6f065 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ metered and Liveuamap is a paid subscription:
 | 🟡  | **NASA FIRMS**  | 🔥 Live active fires                                                                                                                                                                 | [firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov](https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/api/map_key/) — free                                                                             |
 | 🟡  | **TomTom**      | 🚦 Live flow speeds and congestion colors for the simulated traffic layer                                                                                                            | [my.tomtom.com](https://my.tomtom.com/keys) — free tier available                                                                                                    |
 | 🟡  | **Mapillary**   | 📷 Street Level coverage and photos. A public client token by design (see SECURITY.md)                                                                                               | [mapillary.com/dashboard/developers](https://www.mapillary.com/dashboard/developers) — register an app, copy its Client Token                                        |
-| 🟡  | **World News API** | 📰 News layer, Local: the news of the country in view. The free plan (50 points a day) needs the in-app "World News API" link, which the Data attribution popover carries; `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` (default 30) keeps Core inside it | [worldnewsapi.com/console](https://worldnewsapi.com/console/) — free plan |
+| 🟡  | **World News API** | 📰 News layer, Local: the news of the country in view. The free plan allows 50 points a day; `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` (default 30) keeps Core inside it. Core keeps each country's news for up to 1 hour, and World News API's [terms](https://worldnewsapi.com/terms/) allow caching only with its prior written permission, which is yours to get. The Data attribution popover credits it with a link | [worldnewsapi.com/console](https://worldnewsapi.com/console/) — free plan |
 | 🔴  | **Liveuamap**   | 📰 News layer, Conflicts: Liveuamap's mapped items beside GDELT's reports (🟢 Conflicts works without) | [liveuamap.com/promo/api](https://liveuamap.com/promo/api) — paid API |
 
 ![Diving from city-scale live congestion straight into an intersection's public camera](docs/media/05-traffic-to-cctv.gif)
diff --git a/changelog.d/1593-news-layer.md b/changelog.d/1593-news-layer.md
index 52de77161..748dab0bf 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1593-news-layer.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1593-news-layer.md
@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@
   titled from GDELT's GKG files for the newest 3 hours), plus Liveuamap's
   mapped items with `LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY`; Local from World News API with
   `WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`, at most `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads a day
-  (default 30). A section says when its key is required, refused or out of
-  its daily allowance. The Data attribution popover credits the GDELT
+  (default 30), each country's news kept for at most 1 hour. The routes
+  refuse cross-site and proxied requests. A section says when its key is
+  required, refused or out of its daily allowance. The Data attribution popover credits the GDELT
   Project, World News API and, once its items show, Liveuamap
   (Denis Groshev, @ZloyS, #1593).
 - Cockpit Regional News holds its list to the last 24 hours, newest first, on
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index b82e30545..5a248bc85 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -6464,7 +6464,7 @@ request viewbox and continues searching without that geographic preference.
 - **Panel.** The right-rail NEWS panel (`src/ui/newsPanel.js`, `src/ui/news/`) has a time window at the top (the server's 24 h, or 12, 6, 3 or 1 h; the hotspot counts are read for the chosen window) and two sections. **Conflicts**: hotspot chips with counts, a severity floor (significant and above by default), a category filter, the chosen event, and a continuous feed, newest first. **Local**, while the camera is below 3,000 km: every report in the area at the view centre, newest first, named at the top ("News from …") and outlined on the globe, which then shows those reports instead of the hotspots' news; at sea, reports within 500 km. A disputed area of the bundled list (11, see `src/data/local_data/natural_earth/README.md`), or a territory Natural Earth gives no country code (Somaliland, Northern Cyprus and others), is named as itself and read from no country's outlets; elsewhere Natural Earth's default country lines apply. Each card shows the publisher's picture when the event has one (hotlinked, no referrer, publisher credited), the headline (a model's English headline marked as such), a mono meta line (severity marker, category, place, sources, age), who reported it, attestation and media chips, and the service it came through ("via GDELT Project"). Open, a card plays the post's clip on request. A click flies the camera straight down from 150 km and selects the report.
 - **Notices.** A section whose key the server lacks says "{provider} key required" and names the variable; a refused key says "{provider} refused its key"; a spent daily allowance says "{provider} limit reached for today". The other section keeps working.
 - **Source.** `sources.news` (`createNewsSource`, export `./layers/news/source`) reads same-origin `/api/news/*` with a 15 s timeout, a 4 MiB cap and record-by-record validation; `newsQueryAllowed` lets a host admit exactly the client's requests. Core's local server (`server/providers/news.js`) forwards only those GET requests to `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` when it is set.
-- **Built-in backend.** With `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` unset, Core answers the same routes itself (`server/providers/news/keyed.js`). **Conflicts** needs no key: the last 24 h of GDELT 2.0 event exports (15-minute files on `data.gdeltproject.org`, about 100 KB each), physical violence only (CAMEO roots 18–20), one report per story with copies of one agency story merged, placed at GDELT's location for it (a town the article's words name beats a bare country). Titles are the article's page title from GDELT's GKG export of the same quarter hour (about 6 MB each) for the newest 3 h, else the words of the article's address; GDELT's actor coding is never shown. With `LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY`, Liveuamap's mapped items stand beside GDELT's. **Local** reads World News API (`WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`) by the source country at the view centre, once per country every 30 minutes (about 1.5 points a read, at most `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads a day, default 30), plus the Conflicts reports placed inside the area. A country's own stories keep World News API's category (politics, business, else other) and no severity: the rules read fighting and crises, and everyday headlines mislead them. Areas come from the bundled Natural Earth countries and disputed areas (`server/providers/news/areas.js`). Conflicts' categories, relevance and severity are bundled rules (`categorize.js`); a news server may replace them. A read with nothing current to serve (GDELT's, Liveuamap's or a country's) is waited for at most 10 s, under the client's 15 s timeout, and goes on past that for the next refresh. Meanwhile GDELT serves the exports read so far and Conflicts serves GDELT without Liveuamap; Local in a country answers unavailable (502) until its outlets' read lands, and serves them without the Conflicts reports while those are missing. A section left with nothing answers unavailable, and a refused key stays refused.
+- **Built-in backend.** With `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` unset, Core answers the same routes itself (`server/providers/news/keyed.js`). **Conflicts** needs no key: the last 24 h of GDELT 2.0 event exports (15-minute files on `data.gdeltproject.org`, about 100 KB each), physical violence only (CAMEO roots 18–20), one report per story with copies of one agency story merged, placed at GDELT's location for it (a town the article's words name beats a bare country). Titles are the article's page title from GDELT's GKG export of the same quarter hour (about 6 MB each) for the newest 3 h, else the words of the article's address; GDELT's actor coding is never shown. With `LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY`, Liveuamap's mapped items stand beside GDELT's. **Local** reads World News API (`WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`) by the source country at the view centre, once per country every 30 minutes (about 1.5 points a read, at most `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads a day, default 30), plus the Conflicts reports placed inside the area. A country's own stories keep World News API's category (politics, business, else other) and no severity: the rules read fighting and crises, and everyday headlines mislead them. Areas come from the bundled Natural Earth countries and disputed areas (`server/providers/news/areas.js`). Conflicts' categories, relevance and severity are bundled rules (`categorize.js`); a news server may replace them. A read with nothing current to serve (GDELT's, Liveuamap's or a country's) is waited for at most 10 s, under the client's 15 s timeout, and goes on past that for the next refresh. Meanwhile GDELT serves the exports read so far and Conflicts serves GDELT without Liveuamap; Local in a country answers unavailable (502) until its outlets' read lands, and serves them without the Conflicts reports while those are missing. A section left with nothing answers unavailable, and a refused key stays refused. A country's World News API news is kept for at most 1 hour and then deleted; a request that never reached World News API is not counted against the day's reads. A story with neither a page title nor words in its address is minor (GDELT's code alone), so it is not listed under Conflicts, and the hotspot counts leave minor reports out. The routes sit behind the cross-site gate for key-spending routes (`sameSiteGated`), a request line that is no URL answers 400, and a news server's 503 key states (`no_key`, `key_rejected`, `key_quota`) and `news_not_configured` are relayed as they are.
 - **State.** Share/restore token `00`, enabled-only. Voice is off for this layer (`VOICE_OFF_LAYERS`).
 
 ### S2 GhostMaps (October 2026)
diff --git a/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md b/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
index 7b5f168b9..6b2eaf8b0 100644
--- a/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
+++ b/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
@@ -170,7 +170,20 @@ Status: Open (limits)
   and is tried again with the first ask a minute or more later.
 - Local needs a World News API key. Its free plan allows 50 points a day; Core
   stops at `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads (default 30) and Local then says the
-  daily limit is reached.
+  daily limit is reached. A request that never reached World News API (offline,
+  timed out) is not counted; any answer from it is, a failing one too.
+- A country's news is kept for at most 1 hour (World News API's terms, which
+  also ask the operator for its written permission to cache at all). While
+  World News API cannot be read, Local in that country therefore reads
+  unavailable from an hour after its last good read.
+- A story GDELT codes as violence whose address has no words, and whose page
+  title is not in yet (titles are read for the newest 3 hours only), is not
+  listed under Conflicts or counted in its hotspot: GDELT's coding alone is
+  wrong too often. It still shows in Local for its area, as "… reported in
+  <place>".
+- `/api/news/*` refuses cross-site browser requests and requests carrying
+  reverse-proxy forwarding headers, like the other key-spending routes
+  (SECURITY.md): behind a reverse proxy the News layer reads unavailable.
 
 ---
 
diff --git a/server/providers/news/areas.js b/server/providers/news/areas.js
index d283fe876..429e42bec 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/areas.js
+++ b/server/providers/news/areas.js
@@ -181,7 +181,11 @@ export function countryPolygons(entry) {
         ...holes,
         ...areas
           .flatMap((area) => area.rings)
-          .filter((ring) => pointInRing(outer, ring[0][1], ring[0][0])),
+          // By a point inside it: its corners lie on the neighbours' borders.
+          .filter((ring) => {
+            const inside = ringInterior(ring);
+            return inside && pointInRing(outer, inside.lat, inside.lon);
+          }),
       ],
     })),
   );
@@ -196,10 +200,17 @@ export function countryAnchor(entry) {
   const largest = geometries(entry).sort((a, b) => b.areaKm2 - a.areaKm2)[0];
   const { label, polygons, bbox } = largest;
   if (containsAnchor(polygons, label.lat, label.lon)) return label;
-  const lat = (bbox[1] + bbox[3]) / 2;
   const [outer] = polygons.reduce((a, b) =>
     b[0].length > a[0].length ? b : a,
   );
+  return ringInterior(outer, (bbox[1] + bbox[3]) / 2) || label;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A point inside a ring: the middle of its widest span at `lat` (its middle
+ * latitude by default); null when the ring is not crossed there.
+ */
+function ringInterior(outer, lat = middleLat(outer)) {
   const crossings = [];
   for (let i = 0, j = outer.length - 1; i < outer.length; j = i++) {
     const [x1, y1] = outer[j];
@@ -212,5 +223,10 @@ export function countryAnchor(entry) {
   for (let i = 0; i + 1 < crossings.length; i += 2)
     if (!best || crossings[i + 1] - crossings[i] > best[1] - best[0])
       best = [crossings[i], crossings[i + 1]];
-  return best ? { lat, lon: (best[0] + best[1]) / 2 } : label;
+  return best ? { lat, lon: (best[0] + best[1]) / 2 } : null;
 }
+
+const middleLat = (ring) => {
+  const lats = ring.map(([, y]) => y);
+  return (Math.min(...lats) + Math.max(...lats)) / 2;
+};
diff --git a/server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.js b/server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.js
index e390dc060..7afe5ed6d 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.js
+++ b/server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.js
@@ -423,14 +423,17 @@ export function eventReports(events, { titleOf = () => null } = {}) {
     // The article's words decide whether it is conflict, as any headline's
     // would: GDELT codes an election story as "fighting" too. GDELT's code
     // names the kind only where the words read as conflict without naming
-    // one, or there are no words.
+    // one. A story with no words at all has GDELT's code alone to go by,
+    // which is not enough to list it under Conflicts: it is minor (kept
+    // for Local) until a page title comes in.
     const read = own ? categorizeText({ title: own }) : null;
     const tags = read?.tags || [];
     const relevance = read
       ? relevanceOf({ category: read.category, tags, title: own })
-      : 'related';
-    const category =
-      read && read.category !== 'other'
+      : 'minor';
+    const category = !read
+      ? eventCategory
+      : read.category !== 'other'
         ? read.category
         : relevance === 'minor'
           ? 'other'
diff --git a/server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.test.mjs b/server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.test.mjs
index 3d0919080..fc986fce7 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.test.mjs
+++ b/server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.test.mjs
@@ -119,10 +119,11 @@ test("an article is one report, at its most-mentioned event, in its address's wo
   assert.equal(drones.publisher, 'wire.example');
   assert.equal(drones.source.attribution, 'GDELT Project');
   assert.equal(drones.side, 'unknown', 'no actor is said');
-  // No words in the address: GDELT's coding, related, at least severity 1.
+  // No words in the address: GDELT's coding alone, so minor (not listed
+  // under Conflicts), at least severity 1.
   assert.equal(bare.title, 'Fighting reported in Ukraine');
   assert.equal(bare.category, 'ground');
-  assert.equal(bare.relevance, 'related');
+  assert.equal(bare.relevance, 'minor');
   assert.equal(bare.severity, 1);
   assert.equal(bare.geo.precision, 'country');
 });
diff --git a/server/providers/news/keyed.js b/server/providers/news/keyed.js
index cbf748225..8d9eab539 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/keyed.js
+++ b/server/providers/news/keyed.js
@@ -84,7 +84,9 @@ const RETRY_MS = 60_000;
 const FIRST_ANSWER_MS = 10_000;
 const GDELT_STALE_MS = 2 * HOUR_MS;
 const LIVE_STALE_MS = HOUR_MS;
-const COUNTRY_STALE_MS = 6 * HOUR_MS;
+// World News API's terms allow a cache of at most an hour, deleted after:
+// a country's news is kept no longer, served or not (dropExpiredCountries).
+const COUNTRY_STALE_MS = HOUR_MS;
 const MAX_COUNTRIES = 64;
 // World News API reads a UTC day, across all countries: each is about 1.5
 // of the free plan's 50 daily points.
@@ -310,16 +312,18 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
   const refused = new Set();
   // World News API reads of the UTC day; `spent` once it answered 402.
   const budget = { day: null, reads: 0, spent: false, logged: false };
-  // The area (disputed area or country) each placed Conflicts report lies
-  // in, looked up once.
+  // The areas (disputed area or country) of a placed Conflicts report's
+  // pins, its first and the others, looked up once.
   const reportAreas = new WeakMap();
-  const reportArea = (report) => {
+  const areasOf = (report) => {
     if (!reportAreas.has(report))
       reportAreas.set(
         report,
-        report.geo
-          ? (areaAt(report.geo.lat, report.geo.lon)?.key ?? null)
-          : null,
+        new Set(
+          [report.geo, ...(report.locations || [])]
+            .filter(Boolean)
+            .map((pin) => areaAt(pin.lat, pin.lon)?.key),
+        ),
       );
     return reportAreas.get(report);
   };
@@ -690,6 +694,15 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
     return false;
   }
 
+  /** World News API's news an hour old is deleted, as its terms ask. */
+  function dropExpiredCountries() {
+    for (const [code, entry] of countries)
+      if (entry.value && now() - entry.readAt >= COUNTRY_STALE_MS) {
+        const { value, readAt, ...rest } = entry;
+        countries.set(code, rest);
+      }
+  }
+
   async function countryReports(country) {
     const key = keyOf('worldnewsapi');
     if (!key) return { missing: 'worldnewsapi' };
@@ -708,7 +721,7 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
             quota: true,
           });
         try {
-          return (
+          const reports = (
             await fetchWorldNews({
               key: k,
               country: country.code,
@@ -716,9 +729,14 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
               now: now(),
             })
           ).map((article) => worldNewsReport(article, country));
+          // Deleted an hour on, whether or not anything is asked then.
+          setTimeout(dropExpiredCountries, COUNTRY_STALE_MS + 1000).unref?.();
+          return reports;
         } catch (error) {
           // Out of points: nothing more is asked today.
           if (error.status === 402) budget.spent = true;
+          // Never reached (offline, timed out): no read of the day's.
+          if (error.unreached && budget.reads > 0) budget.reads -= 1;
           throw error;
         }
       },
@@ -743,7 +761,10 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
     if (refused) return refused;
     const hours = Number(params.get('hours')) || 24;
     const since = new Date(now() - hours * HOUR_MS).toISOString();
-    const shown = read.reports.filter((r) => r.publishedAt >= since);
+    // The reports Conflicts lists: a minor one is in no count.
+    const shown = read.reports.filter(
+      (r) => r.publishedAt >= since && r.relevance !== 'minor',
+    );
     return {
       status: 200,
       body: {
@@ -825,8 +846,8 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
     ]);
     const refused = refusal(national) || (!country && refusal(conflicts));
     if (refused) return refused;
-    const inside = (conflicts.reports || []).filter(
-      (r) => reportArea(r) === area.key,
+    const inside = (conflicts.reports || []).filter((r) =>
+      areasOf(r).has(area.key),
     );
     const reports = [...national.reports, ...inside].sort((a, b) =>
       b.publishedAt.localeCompare(a.publishedAt),
@@ -870,6 +891,7 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
 
   return {
     async answer(path, params) {
+      dropExpiredCountries();
       if (path === '/hotspots') return hotspots(params);
       if (path === '/feed') return feed(params);
       if (path === '/outline') return outline(params);
diff --git a/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs b/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
index 45eea626d..810c801ab 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
+++ b/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import {
   normalizeHotspotsPayload,
   normalizeOutlinePayload,
 } from '../../../src/layers/news/records.js';
+import { inPolygons } from '../../../src/layers/news/model.js';
+import { areaAt, countryPolygons } from './areas.js';
 import { exportsOfDay } from './gdeltEvents.js';
 import { eventRow, gkgRow, zipTable } from './gdeltFixtures.mjs';
 
@@ -277,8 +279,8 @@ test('without any key Conflicts are the day of GDELT events, one worldwide hotsp
     payload.hotspots.map((h) => [h.id, h.catchAll]),
     [[WORLDWIDE_HOTSPOT, true]],
   );
-  assert.equal(payload.hotspots[0].last24h, 4);
-  assert.equal(payload.hotspots[0].mapped24h, 4);
+  assert.equal(payload.hotspots[0].last24h, 2);
+  assert.equal(payload.hotspots[0].mapped24h, 2);
   assert.equal(payload.maxWindowHours, 24);
   // The newest dozen first; the rest of the day after, in the background.
   assert.deepEqual(
@@ -315,9 +317,9 @@ test('a GDELT article is a report at its place, in its words, credited to GDELT'
   // names it.
   assert.deepEqual(
     reports.map((r) => r.id),
-    ['gdelt-2', 'gdelt-5', 'gdelt-4'],
+    ['gdelt-2', 'gdelt-5'],
   );
-  const [redSea, kharkiv, bare] = reports;
+  const [redSea, kharkiv] = reports;
   // Its page title, from the GKG export.
   assert.equal(
     kharkiv.title,
@@ -337,8 +339,13 @@ test('a GDELT article is a report at its place, in its words, credited to GDELT'
   );
   assert.equal(redSea.geo.place, 'Yemen');
   assert.equal(redSea.geo.precision, 'country');
+  // An address without words has GDELT's coding alone: minor, so not in
+  // Conflicts, until a page title says what it is.
+  const bare = (await ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&today=1')).body.reports.find(
+    (r) => r.id === 'gdelt-4',
+  );
   assert.equal(bare.title, 'Fighting reported in Ukraine');
-  assert.equal(bare.relevance, 'related');
+  assert.equal(bare.relevance, 'minor');
   // The council story GDELT coded as fighting is minor: not in Conflicts.
   assert.ok(!reports.some((r) => r.url.includes('city-council')));
 });
@@ -346,7 +353,7 @@ test('a GDELT article is a report at its place, in its words, credited to GDELT'
 test('with a Liveuamap key its mapped items join GDELT in the one hotspot', async () => {
   const { ask, calls, settle } = keyed();
   const answer = await ask('/hotspots');
-  assert.equal(answer.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 7);
+  assert.equal(answer.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 5);
   const live = calls.find((c) => host(c) === 'a.liveuamap.com').url;
   assert.equal(live.searchParams.get('a'), 'mpts');
   assert.equal(live.searchParams.get('key'), 'live-key');
@@ -376,21 +383,22 @@ test('with a Liveuamap key its mapped items join GDELT in the one hotspot', asyn
   );
   // Counts over a shorter window.
   const short = await ask('/hotspots', 'hours=2');
-  assert.equal(short.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 6);
+  assert.equal(short.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 4);
   await settle();
 });
 
 test('the Conflicts feed pages by time and filters by category and hotspot', async () => {
   const { ask, settle } = keyed({ env: {} });
-  const all = 'hotspot=all&today=1&relevance=core,related&events=1';
+  // Every report of the day, the minor ones too.
+  const all = 'hotspot=all&today=1&events=1';
+  // A page ends between two times: both of 11:45 come together, though
+  // the page asked for one.
   const first = await ask('/feed', `${all}&limit=1`);
   assert.deepEqual(
     first.body.reports.map((r) => r.id),
-    ['gdelt-2'],
+    ['gdelt-2', 'gdelt-3'],
   );
   assert.equal(first.body.nextBefore, '2026-11-05T11:45:00.000Z');
-  // A page ends between two times: both of 11:30 come together, though
-  // the page asked for one.
   const next = await ask(
     '/feed',
     `${all}&limit=1&before=${first.body.nextBefore}`,
@@ -436,7 +444,7 @@ test('an export not published yet is looked for again, and the day is kept a day
   await ask('/hotspots');
   await settle();
   const later = await ask('/hotspots');
-  assert.equal(later.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 5, 'added, not replaced');
+  assert.equal(later.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 3, 'added, not replaced');
   assert.equal(
     gdeltCalls(calls)
       .slice(read)
@@ -588,7 +596,7 @@ test('a refused Liveuamap key leaves GDELT; World News API refusing names its ke
   const refused = keyed({ answers: { liveuamap: 401, worldnews: 403 }, logs });
   const conflicts = await refused.ask('/hotspots');
   assert.equal(conflicts.status, 200);
-  assert.equal(conflicts.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 4);
+  assert.equal(conflicts.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 2);
   assert.deepEqual(await refused.ask('/feed', 'at=31.95,35.93'), {
     status: 503,
     body: { error: 'key_rejected', key: 'worldnewsapi' },
@@ -632,7 +640,7 @@ test('a failing GDELT is tried again after a minute, and what it read is kept',
   const kept = await flaky.ask('/hotspots');
   await flaky.settle();
   assert.equal(kept.status, 200);
-  assert.equal(kept.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 4);
+  assert.equal(kept.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 2);
 });
 
 test('a new key drops what the old one read', async () => {
@@ -678,7 +686,7 @@ test('exports never published are given up on, not looked for back to back', asy
       lastupdate: '20261105120000',
     },
   });
-  assert.equal((await ask('/hotspots')).body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 3);
+  assert.equal((await ask('/hotspots')).body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 2);
   await settle();
   // A round that brings nothing in is the last until the next five minutes.
   let seen = gdeltCalls(calls).length;
@@ -720,7 +728,7 @@ test('GDELT failing for two hours answers 502; until then what it read is served
   clock.now += 60 * MINUTE;
   const hour = await ask('/hotspots');
   assert.equal(hour.status, 200);
-  assert.equal(hour.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 4);
+  assert.equal(hour.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 2);
   clock.now += 61 * MINUTE;
   assert.deepEqual(await ask('/hotspots'), UPSTREAM_ERROR);
   assert.deepEqual(await ask('/feed', CONFLICTS), UPSTREAM_ERROR);
@@ -736,7 +744,7 @@ test('a failed GKG read keeps the events, titled by their words, and is tried ag
   await settle();
   const read = await ask('/feed', CONFLICTS);
   assert.equal(read.status, 200);
-  assert.equal(read.body.reports.length, 3);
+  assert.equal(read.body.reports.length, 2);
   assert.equal(
     kharkiv(read).title,
     'Russian drones attack Kharkiv overnight three killed',
@@ -858,7 +866,7 @@ test('a read in flight with a replaced key is not the answer for the new one', a
   env.LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY = 'new';
   delete answers.liveuamap;
   const after = await ask('/hotspots');
-  assert.equal(after.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 7);
+  assert.equal(after.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 5);
   assert.deepEqual(
     calls
       .filter((c) => host(c) === 'a.liveuamap.com')
@@ -868,7 +876,7 @@ test('a read in flight with a replaced key is not the answer for the new one', a
   release();
   await before;
   // The old key's late answer does not replace the new one's.
-  assert.equal((await ask('/hotspots')).body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 7);
+  assert.equal((await ask('/hotspots')).body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 5);
   await settle();
 });
 
@@ -922,7 +930,7 @@ test('one unreadable export is given up on and never holds the rest back', async
   // copy of the Kharkiv story among them).
   const first = await ask('/hotspots');
   assert.equal(first.status, 200);
-  assert.equal(first.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 2);
+  assert.equal(first.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 1);
   await settle();
   clock.now += 6 * MINUTE;
   assert.equal((await ask('/hotspots')).status, 200);
@@ -986,7 +994,7 @@ test('GDELT down for a few minutes gives up on no export: they are all read once
   const back = await ask('/hotspots');
   await settle();
   assert.equal(back.status, 200);
-  assert.equal(back.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 4);
+  assert.equal(back.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 2);
   assert.ok(
     gdeltCalls(calls).some(
       (c) => String(c.url) === exportName('20261105114500'),
@@ -1012,7 +1020,7 @@ test('a GDELT outage answering 404, its list down too, gives up on no export', a
   }
   const back = await ask('/hotspots');
   assert.equal(back.status, 200);
-  assert.equal(back.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 4);
+  assert.equal(back.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 2);
 });
 
 test('a host answering junk for every file gives up on none of them', async () => {
@@ -1031,7 +1039,7 @@ test('a host answering junk for every file gives up on none of them', async () =
   await ask('/hotspots');
   await settle();
   const back = await ask('/hotspots');
-  assert.equal(back.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 4);
+  assert.equal(back.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 2);
 });
 
 test('a failing file gets one strike a round, not three within seconds', async () => {
@@ -1047,7 +1055,7 @@ test('a failing file gets one strike a round, not three within seconds', async (
   await ask('/hotspots');
   await settle();
   const back = await ask('/hotspots');
-  assert.equal(back.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 4);
+  assert.equal(back.body.hotspots[0].counts.last24h, 2);
   assert.ok(
     gdeltCalls(calls).filter((c) => String(c.url) === flaky).length >= 2,
   );
@@ -1186,3 +1194,105 @@ test(
     release();
   },
 );
+
+test("World News API's news is kept an hour at most, also while it cannot be read again", async () => {
+  const answers = {};
+  const { ask, clock, settle } = keyed({ answers });
+  const local = 'hotspot=all&at=31.95,35.93';
+  const own = (answer) =>
+    answer.body.reports.filter((r) => r.id.startsWith('wna-')).length;
+  assert.equal(own(await ask('/feed', local)), 2);
+  // Its terms: a cache of at most an hour, then deleted.
+  answers.worldnews = 500;
+  clock.now += 59 * MINUTE;
+  assert.equal(own(await ask('/feed', local)), 2);
+  clock.now += 2 * MINUTE;
+  assert.deepEqual(await ask('/feed', local), UPSTREAM_ERROR);
+  await settle();
+});
+
+test('a World News API read that never reached it is not counted against the day', async () => {
+  const answers = {
+    worldnews: () => {
+      throw new TypeError('fetch failed');
+    },
+  };
+  const { ask, clock, settle } = keyed({
+    env: { WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY: 'wna-key', WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS: '2' },
+    answers,
+  });
+  const paris = () => ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&at=48.85,2.35');
+  for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    assert.deepEqual(await paris(), UPSTREAM_ERROR);
+    clock.now += 2 * MINUTE;
+  }
+  // Back online: the day's reads are all still there.
+  answers.worldnews = WORLD_NEWS;
+  assert.equal((await paris()).status, 200);
+  // An answer, even a failing one, is a read: two of them spend the day.
+  answers.worldnews = 500;
+  const berlin = () => ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&at=52.52,13.4');
+  assert.deepEqual(await berlin(), UPSTREAM_ERROR);
+  clock.now += 2 * MINUTE;
+  assert.deepEqual(await berlin(), KEY_QUOTA);
+  await settle();
+});
+
+test('Local lists a Conflicts report by any of its pins, not its first alone', async () => {
+  const url =
+    'https://news.example.com/2026/11/05/drones-hit-kharkiv-and-belgorod-overnight';
+  const exports = {
+    [exportName('20261105114500')]: [
+      eventRow({ id: 1, code: '195', mentions: 9, url }),
+      eventRow({
+        id: 2,
+        code: '195',
+        mentions: 2,
+        place: "Belgorod, Belgorodskaya Oblast', Russia",
+        lat: 50.6,
+        lon: 36.6,
+        url,
+      }),
+    ],
+  };
+  const { ask, settle } = keyed({
+    env: { WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY: 'wna-key' },
+    answers: { exports, worldnews: { news: [] } },
+  });
+  const urls = async (at) =>
+    (await ask('/feed', `hotspot=all&at=${at}`)).body.reports.map((r) => r.url);
+  assert.deepEqual(await urls('49.99,36.23'), [url]);
+  assert.deepEqual(await urls('50.6,36.6'), [url]);
+  await settle();
+});
+
+test('the hotspot counts the reports Conflicts lists: no minor ones', async () => {
+  const { ask, settle } = keyed({ env: {} });
+  const listed = (
+    await ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&today=1&relevance=core,related&limit=60')
+  ).body.reports;
+  const { counts } = (await ask('/hotspots')).body.hotspots[0];
+  assert.equal(counts.last24h, listed.length);
+  assert.equal(counts.mapped24h, listed.filter((r) => r.geo).length);
+  // The council story is among the day's reports, and minor.
+  const all = (await ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&today=1&limit=60')).body.reports;
+  assert.ok(all.length > listed.length);
+  await settle();
+});
+
+test('a disputed area is cut out of the country it lies in, not of the neighbour its first corner touches', () => {
+  const outline = (lat, lon) => countryPolygons(areaAt(lat, lon).country);
+  for (const [country, at, name, inside] of [
+    ['Israel', [32.08, 34.78], 'Golan Heights', [33.0, 35.75]],
+    ['Moldova', [47.0, 28.85], 'Transnistria', [47.2, 29.5]],
+    ['Egypt', [30.0, 31.2], 'Halayib', [22.5, 35.5]],
+  ]) {
+    const [lat, lon] = inside;
+    assert.equal(areaAt(lat, lon).kind, 'disputed', name);
+    assert.equal(
+      inPolygons(outline(...at), { lat, lon }),
+      false,
+      `${country} without ${name}`,
+    );
+  }
+});
diff --git a/server/providers/news/upstream.js b/server/providers/news/upstream.js
index 0f834ee7a..4c58815a5 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/upstream.js
+++ b/server/providers/news/upstream.js
@@ -76,7 +76,13 @@ const finiteNumber = (value) => {
 export class UpstreamError extends Error {
   constructor(
     message,
-    { status = null, rejected = false, quota = false, unreadable = false } = {},
+    {
+      status = null,
+      rejected = false,
+      quota = false,
+      unreadable = false,
+      unreached = false,
+    } = {},
   ) {
     super(message);
     this.name = 'UpstreamError';
@@ -89,6 +95,8 @@ export class UpstreamError extends Error {
     // The answer itself cannot be read (corrupt, or over a size cap): asking
     // again gets the same.
     this.unreadable = unreadable;
+    // The request got no answer at all (offline, timed out).
+    this.unreached = unreached;
   }
 }
 
@@ -111,6 +119,7 @@ async function getText(
       cause?.name === 'TimeoutError'
         ? `${what} timed out`
         : `${what} unreachable`,
+      { unreached: true },
     );
   }
   if (!response.ok) {

From fd9373c09c5fdb84ed82cdc4a03c27892427f25a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mazeyar Moeini Feizabadi <mazy.moeini@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 21:26:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 120/181] fix(news): keep the feed cursor in step with the list
 and drop Local reads for an area left

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.2 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 src/layers/news/index.js       |  21 +++++--
 src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs | 104 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/news/model.js       |   6 ++
 src/layers/news/model.test.mjs |  17 ++++++
 4 files changed, 142 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/layers/news/index.js b/src/layers/news/index.js
index 1696dfd41..7992884ce 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/index.js
@@ -190,6 +190,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     request = null,
     feedRequest = null,
     inViewRequest = null,
+    inViewRequestKey = null,
     areaRequest = null,
     settleTimer = null,
     pulseTimer = null,
@@ -958,7 +959,9 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
       // clears it, not only the next refresh.
       needs = { ...needs, conflicts: null };
       feed = {
-        ...mergeFeedPage(feed, page, mode, now(), undefined, windowMs),
+        // Kept for the server's whole window (the shown one filters the
+        // view), so the rows between the head and the cursor are never lost.
+        ...mergeFeedPage(feed, page, mode, now(), undefined, maxWindowMs),
         loading: false,
         error: null,
       };
@@ -1039,18 +1042,24 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     // The section changed, or the layer went off, while the area was read.
     if (!local() || !enabled) return;
     const readKey = inView.area?.key ?? '';
-    if (
-      !force &&
-      inView.readKey === readKey &&
-      (inView.minor || inViewRequest)
-    ) {
+    const held = inView.readKey === readKey && inView.minor;
+    if (!force && (inViewRequest ? inViewRequestKey === readKey : held)) {
       render();
       notify();
       return;
     }
+    // A read still out for another area must not land over this one.
     inViewRequest?.abort();
+    if (!force && held) {
+      inViewRequest = null;
+      inView = { ...inView, loading: false };
+      render();
+      notify();
+      return;
+    }
     const controller = new AbortController();
     inViewRequest = controller;
+    inViewRequestKey = readKey;
     inView = { ...inView, loading: true };
     notify();
     try {
diff --git a/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
index 6a7a4b351..3d9b1db8f 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
@@ -852,3 +852,107 @@ test('a failed read keeps the layer on with an error; disable clears the overlay
   assert.deepEqual(entries.at(-1), []);
   assert.deepEqual(layer.getRowControls().feed.items, []);
 });
+
+test('narrowing the window and widening it again loses no report already read', async (t) => {
+  const { layer } = fixture(t, {
+    source: {
+      // Two pages: the head page, and an older one behind its cursor.
+      getFeed: async ({ before } = {}) =>
+        before
+          ? {
+              reports: [
+                report('earlier', { publishedAt: '2026-10-28T05:00:00.000Z' }),
+              ],
+              nextBefore: null,
+            }
+          : {
+              reports: [
+                report('recent', { publishedAt: '2026-10-28T09:30:00.000Z' }),
+              ],
+              nextBefore: '2026-10-28T09:30:00.000Z',
+            },
+    },
+  });
+  const shown = () => layer.getRowControls().feed.items.map((item) => item.id);
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) await settle();
+  assert.deepEqual(shown(), ['recent', 'earlier']);
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { hours: 1 } });
+  for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) await settle();
+  assert.deepEqual(shown(), ['recent']);
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { hours: 24 } });
+  for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) await settle();
+  assert.deepEqual(shown(), ['recent', 'earlier']);
+});
+
+test("a slower Local read for the area just left never replaces the current area's reports", async (t) => {
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
+  let centre = { lat: 49, lon: 36 };
+  const pending = [];
+  const russia = {
+    area: { key: 'RU', name: 'Russia', kind: 'country', country: 'RU' },
+    polygons: [
+      {
+        outer: [
+          [38, 48],
+          [40, 48],
+          [40, 50.5],
+          [38, 50.5],
+        ],
+        holes: [],
+      },
+    ],
+    borders: [],
+    disputed: [],
+  };
+  const { layer, camera } = fixture(t, {
+    height: 1_000_000,
+    centre: () => centre,
+    source: {
+      getAreaOutline: async (point) => (point.lon < 37.5 ? ukraine : russia),
+      getFeed: (query) => {
+        if (!(query.relevance === '' && query.limit === 500))
+          return Promise.resolve({ reports: [], nextBefore: null });
+        if (query.at.lon < 37.5)
+          return Promise.resolve({
+            reports: [report('kharkiv', { severity: 1 })],
+            nextBefore: null,
+          });
+        // Russia's read is slow.
+        return new Promise((resolve) => pending.push(resolve));
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const look = async (at) => {
+    centre = at;
+    camera.moveEnd.raiseEvent();
+    t.mock.timers.tick(800);
+    await flush();
+  };
+  const shown = () =>
+    layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.items.map((item) => item.id);
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  await flush();
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { section: 'local' } });
+  await flush();
+  assert.deepEqual(shown(), ['kharkiv']);
+  await look({ lat: 49, lon: 39 });
+  assert.equal(pending.length, 1);
+  await look({ lat: 49, lon: 36 });
+  pending[0]({
+    reports: [
+      report('belgorod', {
+        severity: 1,
+        pins: [{ lat: 49, lon: 39, place: 'Rossosh', mappable: true }],
+      }),
+    ],
+    nextBefore: null,
+  });
+  await flush();
+  const view = layer.getRowControls().feed;
+  assert.equal(view.inView.area, 'Ukraine');
+  assert.equal(view.inView.loading, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(shown(), ['kharkiv']);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.js b/src/layers/news/model.js
index 62c9d360a..22bcf41aa 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.js
@@ -617,6 +617,8 @@ export function reportMarkerPosition(report, pin = 0) {
  * only the window and at most `max` rows (a long session does not grow
  * the list). `mode` 'head' refreshes the top and keeps the older cursor;
  * 'append' adds an older page and takes its cursor; 'replace' starts over.
+ * A head page that has older pages behind it and shares no row with the list
+ * left a gap (more than a page arrived since), so it starts over too.
  */
 export function mergeFeedPage(
   feed,
@@ -627,6 +629,10 @@ export function mergeFeedPage(
   windowMs = NEWS_WINDOW_MS,
 ) {
   const byId = new Map();
+  if (mode === 'head' && page.nextBefore && feed.items.length) {
+    const held = new Set(feed.items.map((item) => item.id));
+    if (!page.reports.some((item) => held.has(item.id))) mode = 'replace';
+  }
   const items =
     mode === 'replace'
       ? page.reports
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
index c377be6fb..899c1f3c1 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
@@ -318,6 +318,23 @@ test('feed pages merge newest first without duplicates', () => {
   );
 });
 
+test('a head page that does not reach the rows held starts the list over', () => {
+  const held = report('h', '2026-10-28T06:00:00Z');
+  const fresh = report('n', '2026-10-28T09:30:00Z');
+  // More than a page arrived since the last refresh (a suspended tab): the
+  // reports between this page and the rows held are behind its cursor.
+  const feed = mergeFeedPage(
+    { items: [held], nextBefore: 'OLD' },
+    { reports: [fresh], nextBefore: 'NEW' },
+    'head',
+    NOW,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [feed.items.map((r) => r.id), feed.nextBefore],
+    [['n'], 'NEW'],
+  );
+});
+
 test('the feed list keeps only the last 24 hours and at most its cap', () => {
   const fresh = report('f', '2026-10-28T09:00:00Z');
   const stale = report('s', '2026-10-27T09:00:00Z');

From 369b8e924afc17c16fa722ad14159939c8a59936 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mazeyar Moeini Feizabadi <mazy.moeini@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 21:26:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 121/181] fix(news): show the News panel in the phone Context
 sheet only

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.2 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 src/ui/mobileShell.test.mjs    | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 src/ui/styles/mobile-shell.css |  8 ++++++--
 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/ui/mobileShell.test.mjs b/src/ui/mobileShell.test.mjs
index 87286240f..c0e0b909f 100644
--- a/src/ui/mobileShell.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/mobileShell.test.mjs
@@ -977,3 +977,20 @@ test('a slow downward pull is claimed before Android native scroll takes ownersh
   assert.equal(shell.getSheet(), null);
   shell.destroy();
 });
+
+test('on phones the News panel shows in the Context sheet only, like Weather', () => {
+  const css = readFileSync(
+    new URL('./styles/mobile-shell.css', import.meta.url),
+    'utf8',
+  );
+  // Hidden by id: the rail's own `#news-panel:not(.collapsed)` rule outranks
+  // the generic `#right-context-rail > *` hiding rule.
+  assert.match(
+    css,
+    /body\.mobile-shell #right-context-rail > #news-panel,\n[^{}]*\{\s*display: none;/,
+  );
+  assert.match(
+    css,
+    /body\.mobile-shell\[data-mobile-sheet='context'\]\s+#right-context-rail\s+> #news-panel:not\(\[hidden\]\),/,
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/mobile-shell.css b/src/ui/styles/mobile-shell.css
index b607391de..06811baab 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/mobile-shell.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/mobile-shell.css
@@ -156,9 +156,10 @@ body.mobile-shell[data-mobile-sheet='more'] #right-context-rail {
 
 body.mobile-shell #left-panel-stack > *,
 body.mobile-shell #right-context-rail > *,
-/* Rail rules show expanded Weather and Recent Imagery by id; on phones they
-   belong to the Context sheet only. */
+/* Rail rules show expanded Weather, News and Recent Imagery by id; on phones
+   they belong to the Context sheet only. */
 body.mobile-shell #right-context-rail > #weather-panel,
+body.mobile-shell #right-context-rail > #news-panel,
 body.mobile-shell #right-context-rail > #recent-imagery-panel {
   display: none;
 }
@@ -182,6 +183,9 @@ body.mobile-shell[data-mobile-sheet='context']
 body.mobile-shell[data-mobile-sheet='context']
   #right-context-rail
   > #weather-panel:not([hidden]),
+body.mobile-shell[data-mobile-sheet='context']
+  #right-context-rail
+  > #news-panel:not([hidden]),
 body.mobile-shell[data-mobile-sheet='context']
   #right-context-rail
   > #recent-imagery-panel:not([hidden]),

From 9c0ad0a730617ff8174abf5d83c55f7dd29ce98b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mazeyar Moeini Feizabadi <mazy.moeini@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 21:26:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 122/181] fix(cockpit): a failed refresh after a move never
 shows the last location's brief

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.2 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js       | 13 ++++--
 src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs | 70 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 80 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js b/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js
index 29a6d4b0f..ad95f94c1 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js
@@ -187,6 +187,13 @@ export function maybeRefreshRegionalBrief(info) {
   )
     return;
 
+  // The brief held stands in after a failed refresh only near where its news
+  // was read; past the refresh distance it is another place's.
+  const previous =
+    this.services.regionalDistanceM(this.regionalBriefPoint, point) <
+    COCKPIT_REGIONAL_REFRESH_DISTANCE_M
+      ? this.regionalBrief
+      : null;
   this.regionalBriefAnchor = point;
   this.regionalBriefFetchedAt = Date.now();
   const controller = new AbortController();
@@ -204,7 +211,8 @@ export function maybeRefreshRegionalBrief(info) {
         subjectId !== this.regionalBriefSubjectId
       )
         return;
-      this.regionalBrief = withCachedNews(payload, this.regionalBrief);
+      this.regionalBrief = withCachedNews(payload, previous);
+      if (this.regionalBrief === payload) this.regionalBriefPoint = point;
       this.renderRegionalBrief(this.regionalBrief, info);
     })
     .catch((error) => {
@@ -214,8 +222,7 @@ export function maybeRefreshRegionalBrief(info) {
         requestToken === this.regionalBriefRequestToken &&
         subjectId === this.regionalBriefSubjectId
       ) {
-        if (this.regionalBrief) {
-          const previous = this.regionalBrief;
+        if (previous) {
           this.regionalBrief = cachedNews(previous, previous);
           this.renderRegionalBrief(this.regionalBrief, info);
         } else this.renderRegionalBriefStatus('unavailable', info);
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs b/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs
index 1b3fbf0bf..85adbc3d4 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs
@@ -508,3 +508,73 @@ test('the card and its toggle render the collapse the controller presents', asyn
   assert.equal(card.dataset.collapsed, 'false');
   assert.equal(toggle.textContent.trim(), 'right_panel_close');
 });
+
+test("a refresh that fails after a move never shows the last location's brief as current", async (t) => {
+  const { $, text, owner } = fixture(t);
+  const answers = [];
+  Object.assign(owner, {
+    active: true,
+    regionalBriefSubjectId: null,
+    regionalBriefAbort: null,
+    regionalBriefRequestToken: 0,
+    regionalBriefFetchedAt: 0,
+    regionalBrief: null,
+    renderRegionalBrief,
+    renderRegionalBriefStatus,
+  });
+  owner.services = {
+    ...owner.services,
+    // One degree of latitude stands for a move past the refresh distance.
+    regionalDistanceM: (from, to) =>
+      from ? Math.abs(from.latitude - to.latitude) * 111_000 : Infinity,
+    fetchRegionalBrief: () => answers.shift()(),
+  };
+  const refresh = async (answer, latitude) => {
+    answers.push(answer);
+    owner.regionalBriefFetchedAt = 0;
+    maybeRefreshRegionalBrief.call(owner, {
+      ...INFO,
+      icao24: 'abc123',
+      latitude,
+    });
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await nextTick();
+  };
+  const rows = () => document.querySelectorAll('#cockpit-news-list li').length;
+  const here = () =>
+    Promise.resolve({
+      status: 'ready',
+      newsStatus: 'ready',
+      newsSource: 'Google News RSS',
+      newsWindowHours: 24,
+      newsFetchedAt: hoursAgo(1),
+      articles: [story('a'), story('b')],
+    });
+  showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
+
+  await refresh(here, 40);
+  assert.equal(rows(), 2);
+  // The same place: a failed refresh keeps the rows as cached.
+  await refresh(() => Promise.reject(new TypeError('Failed to fetch')), 40);
+  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-news-status'), 'CACHED · REFRESH FAILED');
+  assert.equal(rows(), 2);
+  // Elsewhere: the brief is unavailable, as it was before there was a cache.
+  await refresh(() => Promise.reject(new TypeError('Failed to fetch')), 45);
+  assert.equal($('#cockpit-news-status').dataset.state, 'unavailable');
+  assert.equal(rows(), 0);
+
+  // Nor does a brief there whose news read failed borrow the last place's rows.
+  await refresh(here, 40);
+  assert.equal(rows(), 2);
+  await refresh(
+    () =>
+      Promise.resolve({
+        status: 'partial',
+        newsStatus: 'unavailable',
+        articles: [],
+      }),
+    45,
+  );
+  assert.equal($('#cockpit-news-status').dataset.state, 'unavailable');
+  assert.equal(rows(), 0);
+});

From bb7e7ecad6abdb66e84e205dae746433648962f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mazeyar Moeini Feizabadi <mazy.moeini@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 21:33:01 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 123/181] fix(news): Hebrew strings for the News layer and the
 gate modules in the news boundary

main added the he locale and the news provider now imports the same-site gate.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.2 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 scripts/package-boundaries.json |   2 +
 src/i18n/locales/he.json        | 114 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 112 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index b5665b88a..8bdaedcfd 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -543,6 +543,7 @@
       "server/providers/news/gdeltEvents.js",
       "server/providers/news/upstream.js",
       "server/providers/common/http.js",
+      "server/providers/common/same-site.js",
       "src/data/adminBoundaries.js",
       "src/data/bundledJson.js",
       "src/data/retryableLoad.js",
@@ -550,6 +551,7 @@
       "src/data/local_data/natural_earth/disputed_areas.json",
       "src/layers/news/source.js",
       "src/layers/news/records.js",
+      "src/localRequestGate.mjs",
       "src/sources/httpBody.js",
       "src/sources/capability.js",
       "src/i18n/marker.js"
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/he.json b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
index a4e0408dd..15e0b2673 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/he.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
@@ -1644,7 +1644,6 @@
   "SOURCE-BACKED EVENTS · NO SYNTHETIC NEWS": "אירועים נתמכי מקור · ללא חדשות סינתטיות",
   "REGIONAL NEWS": "חדשות אזוריות",
   "LATEST LOCATION-MATCHED REPORTING": "הדיווחים תואמי המיקום האחרונים",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY · RECENT": "{source} · שאילתת מיקום · אחרונים",
   "LOCAL INFO": "מידע מקומי",
   "PLACE / CONDITIONS / POSITION": "מקום / מצב / עמדה",
   "Stop automatic page cycling. Previous, Next, and the SIG/NEWS/LOCAL tabs stay available.": "הפסק את מחזור העמודים האוטומטי. הקודם, הבא והלשוניות אותות/חדשות/מקומי נשארים זמינים.",
@@ -1667,12 +1666,10 @@
   "CYCLE ON": "מחזור פעיל",
   "REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE": "חדשות אזוריות אינן זמינות",
   "REGION UNAVAILABLE": "אזור אינו זמין",
-  "NO RECENT LOCATION MATCHES": "אין התאמות מיקום אחרונות",
   "{domain} · {age}": "{domain} · {age}",
   "{value} KM/H": "{value} קמ\"ש",
   "CLOUD {pct}%": "עננות {pct}%",
   "CLOUD UNKNOWN": "עננות לא ידועה",
-  "{source} · LOCATION QUERY": "{source} · שאילתת מיקום",
   "{label} · {radius} AIR/SEA WINDOW": "{label} · חלון אוויר/ים {radius}",
   "{scope} · INSTALLATIONS {coverage}": "{scope} · מתקנים {coverage}",
   "MILITARY FEED OFF · PARTIAL PICTURE": "פיד צבאי כבוי · תמונה חלקית",
@@ -3391,5 +3388,114 @@
     "one": "אין עדיין שיתוף אופניים כאן · {n} מערכת זמינה",
     "two": "אין עדיין שיתוף אופניים כאן · {n} מערכות זמינות",
     "other": "אין עדיין שיתוף אופניים כאן · {n} מערכות זמינות"
-  }
+  },
+  "Precise conflict points in the News layer, beside GDELT’s articles": "נקודות עימות מדויקות בשכבת החדשות, לצד הכתבות של GDELT",
+  "Local in the News layer: the day’s news from the outlets of the country in view": "מקומי בשכבת החדשות: חדשות היום מכלי התקשורת של המדינה שבתצוגה",
+  "News feed unavailable": "פיד החדשות אינו זמין",
+  "{provider} limit reached for today": "המכסה היומית של {provider} נוצלה",
+  "News resumes tomorrow, or with a paid plan": "החדשות יחזרו מחר, או עם תוכנית בתשלום",
+  "{provider} refused its key": "{provider} דחה את המפתח",
+  "Check {envVars} in Provider Settings": "בדקו את {envVars} בהגדרות הספקים",
+  "{provider} key required": "נדרש מפתח של {provider}",
+  "Developing: {name}": "מתפתח: {name}",
+  "{count} events today": {
+    "one": "אירוע {count} היום",
+    "two": "{count} אירועים היום",
+    "other": "{count} אירועים היום"
+  },
+  "{count} reports today": {
+    "one": "דיווח {count} היום",
+    "two": "{count} דיווחים היום",
+    "other": "{count} דיווחים היום"
+  },
+  "Last 24 h of news. Each report links to its publisher; places and categories are read from the text and data automatically and can be wrong. Side labels, where shown, describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "חדשות 24 השעות האחרונות. כל דיווח מקשר למפרסם שלו; מקומות וקטגוריות נקראים אוטומטית מהטקסט ומהנתונים ועלולים להיות שגויים. תוויות הצד, כשהן מוצגות, מתארות את המקור ולא אם הדיווח נכון.",
+  "Disputed: {name}": "שטח במחלוקת: {name}",
+  "via {source}": "דרך {source}",
+  "Video": "וידאו",
+  "Photos": "תמונות",
+  "Claimed by {who}": "נטען על ידי {who}",
+  "Claimed": "נטען",
+  "Not yet confirmed by others": "טרם אושר על ידי אחרים",
+  "Reported by {side} sources": "דווח על ידי מקורות {side}",
+  "Reported by {sides}": "דווח על ידי {sides}",
+  "{side} sources": "מקורות {side}",
+  "Official": "רשמי",
+  "Reported by both sides": "דווח על ידי שני הצדדים",
+  "Independently reported": "דווח באופן עצמאי",
+  "Single source": "מקור יחיד",
+  "International": "בינלאומי",
+  "Independent": "עצמאי",
+  "Unattributed": "ללא ייחוס",
+  "Outside party": "צד חיצוני",
+  "Ukraine–Russia": "אוקראינה–רוסיה",
+  "Israel–Gaza–Lebanon": "ישראל–עזה–לבנון",
+  "Iran–Hormuz": "איראן–הורמוז",
+  "Yemen–Red Sea": "תימן–הים האדום",
+  "Sudan": "סודאן",
+  "Sahel": "סאהל",
+  "Elsewhere": "במקומות אחרים",
+  "Worldwide": "כל העולם",
+  "{region}, {country}": "{region}, {country}",
+  "Strike": "תקיפה",
+  "Alert": "התרעה",
+  "Air defence": "הגנה אווירית",
+  "Ground fighting": "לחימה קרקעית",
+  "Casualties": "נפגעים",
+  "Humanitarian": "הומניטרי",
+  "Disaster": "אסון",
+  "Protest": "מחאה",
+  "Political": "פוליטי",
+  "Economy": "כלכלה",
+  "No physical event": "ללא אירוע פיזי",
+  "Minor incident": "תקרית קלה",
+  "Significant": "משמעותי",
+  "Major": "חמור",
+  "age|now": "עכשיו",
+  "{minutes} min": "{minutes} דק׳",
+  "{hours} h": "{hours} שע׳",
+  "{count} sources": {
+    "one": "מקור {count}",
+    "two": "{count} מקורות",
+    "other": "{count} מקורות"
+  },
+  "News key required": "נדרש מפתח חדשות",
+  "News feed not configured on this server": "פיד החדשות אינו מוגדר בשרת זה",
+  "Malformed news hotspots response": "תגובת מוקדי החדשות פגומה",
+  "Malformed news feed response": "תגובת פיד החדשות פגומה",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a news report": "צאו מתא הטייס כדי לטוס אל דיווח חדשותי",
+  "{source} · LAST {hours} H": "{source} · {hours} השעות האחרונות",
+  "CACHED · REFRESH FAILED": "מהמטמון · הרענון נכשל",
+  "{source} · CACHED {age}": "{source} · מהמטמון {age}",
+  "NO NEWS IN THE LAST {hours} H": "אין חדשות ב־{hours} השעות האחרונות",
+  "{place} (placed by model)": "{place} (מוקם על ידי המודל)",
+  "English headline by the model": "כותרת באנגלית מאת המודל",
+  "Not placed on the map": "לא מוקם על המפה",
+  "Close": "סגירה",
+  "Conflicts": "עימותים",
+  "Local": "מקומי",
+  "Any severity": "כל חומרה",
+  "{severity} and above": "{severity} ומעלה",
+  "{severity} only": "{severity} בלבד",
+  "All categories": "כל הקטגוריות",
+  "Last {hours} h": "{hours} שע׳ אחרונות",
+  "News from {area}": "חדשות מ{area}",
+  "Within {km} km of the view centre": "בטווח {km} ק״מ ממרכז התצוגה",
+  "Reading the news…": "קורא את החדשות…",
+  "News, last {hours} hours": "חדשות, {hours} השעות האחרונות",
+  "Time window": "חלון זמן",
+  "News sections": "מדורי חדשות",
+  "Hotspots": "מוקדים",
+  "Severity": "חומרה",
+  "Category": "קטגוריה",
+  "Zoom in to see local news": "התקרבו כדי לראות חדשות מקומיות",
+  "Nothing reported near here in the last {hours} h": "לא דווח דבר בסביבה ב־{hours} השעות האחרונות",
+  "Latest news": "חדשות אחרונות",
+  "No news matches these filters in the last {hours} h": "אין חדשות התואמות למסננים אלה ב־{hours} השעות האחרונות",
+  "Load older news": "טעינת חדשות ישנות יותר",
+  "How to read the map": "איך לקרוא את המפה",
+  "Colour: severity · icon: type of event": "צבע: חומרה · סמל: סוג האירוע",
+  "Solid rim: reported by both sides or independently. Dashed rim: a claim. Thin rim: one source, or one side’s own press.": "מסגרת מלאה: דווח על ידי שני הצדדים או באופן עצמאי. מסגרת מקווקוות: טענה. מסגרת דקה: מקור יחיד, או התקשורת של אחד הצדדים.",
+  "Larger: more sources · fainter: older. Picture card: a major or fast-growing event with two or more sources.": "גדול יותר: יותר מקורות · דהוי יותר: ישן יותר. כרטיס תמונה: אירוע חמור או מתפתח במהירות עם שני מקורות או יותר.",
+  "Side labels describe the source, not whether a report is true.": "תוויות הצד מתארות את המקור, לא אם הדיווח נכון.",
+  "News items in the feed": "פריטי חדשות בפיד"
 }

From 671a256a6ac7f86a9cc468d2949dd343da163746 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mazeyar Moeini Feizabadi <mazy.moeini@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 21:34:58 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 124/181] fix(news): follow-up review of the fixes

Deleted World News API news is not restored by a refresh that fails; a
refund goes only to the day the read was counted in, and not to a request
that timed out; a cockpit brief from another place is dropped, not kept for
a language change; a feed list started over lets scrolling ask again.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.2 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 server/providers/news/keyed.js       | 14 ++++-
 server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs |  7 ++-
 server/providers/news/upstream.js    |  8 +--
 src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js            |  6 +-
 src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs      | 90 ++++++++++++++++++++++------
 src/ui/newsPanel.js                  |  7 ++-
 6 files changed, 102 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/server/providers/news/keyed.js b/server/providers/news/keyed.js
index 8d9eab539..7bd5ca464 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/keyed.js
+++ b/server/providers/news/keyed.js
@@ -370,7 +370,13 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
             (value) => ({ key, value, readAt: now() }),
             (error) => {
               logFailure(section, what, key, error);
-              return { ...prior, failedAt: now(), error };
+              // What is held now: news deleted meanwhile stays deleted.
+              const held = store.get(id);
+              return {
+                ...(held?.key === key ? held : { key }),
+                failedAt: now(),
+                error,
+              };
             },
           )
           .then((entry) => {
@@ -720,6 +726,7 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
           throw new UpstreamError("World News API's reads for today spent", {
             quota: true,
           });
+        const { day } = budget;
         try {
           const reports = (
             await fetchWorldNews({
@@ -735,8 +742,9 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
         } catch (error) {
           // Out of points: nothing more is asked today.
           if (error.status === 402) budget.spent = true;
-          // Never reached (offline, timed out): no read of the day's.
-          if (error.unreached && budget.reads > 0) budget.reads -= 1;
+          // Never reached (offline): no read of the day it was counted in.
+          if (error.unreached && budget.day === day && budget.reads > 0)
+            budget.reads -= 1;
           throw error;
         }
       },
diff --git a/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs b/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
index 810c801ab..7b836f4a8 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
+++ b/server/providers/news/keyed.test.mjs
@@ -1229,8 +1229,11 @@ test('a World News API read that never reached it is not counted against the day
   // Back online: the day's reads are all still there.
   answers.worldnews = WORLD_NEWS;
   assert.equal((await paris()).status, 200);
-  // An answer, even a failing one, is a read: two of them spend the day.
-  answers.worldnews = 500;
+  // An answer, even a failing one, is a read, and so is a request that
+  // timed out, which it may have read: two of them spend the day.
+  answers.worldnews = () => {
+    throw new DOMException('timed out', 'TimeoutError');
+  };
   const berlin = () => ask('/feed', 'hotspot=all&at=52.52,13.4');
   assert.deepEqual(await berlin(), UPSTREAM_ERROR);
   clock.now += 2 * MINUTE;
diff --git a/server/providers/news/upstream.js b/server/providers/news/upstream.js
index 4c58815a5..f82b4611f 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/upstream.js
+++ b/server/providers/news/upstream.js
@@ -115,11 +115,11 @@ async function getText(
         : AbortSignal.timeout(TIMEOUT_MS),
     });
   } catch (cause) {
+    // A request that timed out may have been read; one refused was not.
+    const timedOut = cause?.name === 'TimeoutError';
     throw new UpstreamError(
-      cause?.name === 'TimeoutError'
-        ? `${what} timed out`
-        : `${what} unreachable`,
-      { unreached: true },
+      timedOut ? `${what} timed out` : `${what} unreachable`,
+      { unreached: !timedOut },
     );
   }
   if (!response.ok) {
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js b/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js
index ad95f94c1..20c95a3df 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js
@@ -225,7 +225,11 @@ export function maybeRefreshRegionalBrief(info) {
         if (previous) {
           this.regionalBrief = cachedNews(previous, previous);
           this.renderRegionalBrief(this.regionalBrief, info);
-        } else this.renderRegionalBriefStatus('unavailable', info);
+        } else {
+          // Another place's brief: not to come back with a language change.
+          this.regionalBrief = null;
+          this.renderRegionalBriefStatus('unavailable', info);
+        }
       }
     })
     .finally(() => {
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs b/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs
index 85adbc3d4..a97059aaa 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs
@@ -219,7 +219,12 @@ test('the news footer follows the news state across page changes, not a static R
   showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
   renderRegionalBrief.call(
     owner,
-    { newsStatus: 'ready', newsSource: 'wire', newsWindowHours: 24, articles: [story('a')] },
+    {
+      newsStatus: 'ready',
+      newsSource: 'wire',
+      newsWindowHours: 24,
+      articles: [story('a')],
+    },
     INFO,
   );
   await nextTick();
@@ -231,7 +236,12 @@ test('the news footer follows the news state across page changes, not a static R
   showBriefPage.call(owner, 0);
   renderRegionalBrief.call(
     owner,
-    { newsStatus: 'ready', newsSource: 'wire', newsWindowHours: 12, articles: [story('a')] },
+    {
+      newsStatus: 'ready',
+      newsSource: 'wire',
+      newsWindowHours: 12,
+      articles: [story('a')],
+    },
     INFO,
   );
   await nextTick();
@@ -252,13 +262,20 @@ test('the news banner is hidden by the stylesheet, not only by the attribute', a
     fileURLToPath(new URL('./styles/cockpit.css', import.meta.url)),
     'utf8',
   );
-  assert.match(css, /\.cockpit-brief-status\[hidden\]\s*\{\s*display:\s*none;?\s*\}/);
+  assert.match(
+    css,
+    /\.cockpit-brief-status\[hidden\]\s*\{\s*display:\s*none;?\s*\}/,
+  );
   const { $, owner } = fixture(t);
   const style = document.head.appendChild(document.createElement('style'));
   t.after(() => style.remove());
   style.textContent = css;
   showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
-  renderRegionalBrief.call(owner, { newsStatus: 'ready', articles: [story('a')] }, INFO);
+  renderRegionalBrief.call(
+    owner,
+    { newsStatus: 'ready', articles: [story('a')] },
+    INFO,
+  );
   await nextTick();
   const banner = $('#cockpit-news-status');
   assert.equal(banner.hidden, true);
@@ -268,13 +285,16 @@ test('the news banner is hidden by the stylesheet, not only by the attribute', a
   assert.equal(getComputedStyle(banner).display, 'grid');
 });
 
-const hoursAgo = (hours) => new Date(Date.now() - hours * 3_600_000).toISOString();
+const hoursAgo = (hours) =>
+  new Date(Date.now() - hours * 3_600_000).toISOString();
 
 test('ready, cached, empty and unavailable each label the news differently', async (t) => {
   const { $, text, owner } = fixture(t);
   showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
   const rows = () =>
-    [...document.querySelectorAll('#cockpit-news-list strong')].map((row) => row.textContent);
+    [...document.querySelectorAll('#cockpit-news-list strong')].map(
+      (row) => row.textContent,
+    );
   const banner = () => ({
     hidden: $('#cockpit-news-status').hidden,
     state: $('#cockpit-news-status').dataset.state,
@@ -304,11 +324,19 @@ test('ready, cached, empty and unavailable each label the news differently', asy
     text: 'CACHED · REFRESH FAILED',
   });
   assert.deepEqual(rows(), ['Story a', 'Story b']);
-  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · CACHED 30M AGO');
+  assert.equal(
+    text('#cockpit-brief-source'),
+    'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · CACHED 30M AGO',
+  );
 
   renderRegionalBrief.call(
     owner,
-    { ...ready, newsStatus: 'empty', newsSource: 'Google News RSS', articles: [] },
+    {
+      ...ready,
+      newsStatus: 'empty',
+      newsSource: 'Google News RSS',
+      articles: [],
+    },
     INFO,
   );
   await nextTick();
@@ -354,7 +382,9 @@ test('articles outside the window are dropped even when a server sends them', as
   );
   await nextTick();
   assert.deepEqual(
-    [...document.querySelectorAll('#cockpit-news-list strong')].map((row) => row.textContent),
+    [...document.querySelectorAll('#cockpit-news-list strong')].map(
+      (row) => row.textContent,
+    ),
     ['Story two', 'Story one'],
   );
   assert.equal($('#cockpit-news-status').hidden, true);
@@ -421,34 +451,51 @@ test('a failed refresh keeps the earlier articles as cached, and clears only whe
   assert.equal($('#cockpit-news-status').hidden, false);
   assert.equal(text('#cockpit-news-status'), 'CACHED · REFRESH FAILED');
   assert.equal(rows(), 2);
-  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · CACHED 1H AGO');
+  assert.equal(
+    text('#cockpit-brief-source'),
+    'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · CACHED 1H AGO',
+  );
   showBriefPage.call(owner, 2);
   showBriefPage.call(owner, 1);
   await nextTick();
-  assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · CACHED 1H AGO');
+  assert.equal(
+    text('#cockpit-brief-source'),
+    'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · CACHED 1H AGO',
+  );
 
   // So does a brief whose news read failed while weather answered.
   await refresh(() =>
-    Promise.resolve({ status: 'partial', newsStatus: 'unavailable', articles: [] }),
+    Promise.resolve({
+      status: 'partial',
+      newsStatus: 'unavailable',
+      articles: [],
+    }),
   );
   assert.equal(text('#cockpit-news-status'), 'CACHED · REFRESH FAILED');
   assert.equal(rows(), 2);
 
   // A successful refresh clears the cached label; a true empty clears rows.
   await refresh(() =>
-    Promise.resolve({ status: 'ready', newsStatus: 'empty', newsSource: 'Google News RSS', articles: [] }),
+    Promise.resolve({
+      status: 'ready',
+      newsStatus: 'empty',
+      newsSource: 'Google News RSS',
+      articles: [],
+    }),
   );
   assert.equal(text('#cockpit-news-status'), 'NO NEWS IN THE LAST 24 H');
   assert.equal(rows(), 0);
   assert.equal(text('#cockpit-brief-source'), 'GOOGLE NEWS RSS · LAST 24 H');
 
   // Another aircraft never inherits the last one's rows.
-  await refresh(() => Promise.resolve({ newsStatus: 'ready', articles: [story('c')] }));
-  assert.equal(rows(), 1);
-  await refresh(
-    () => Promise.reject(new Error('503')),
-    { ...INFO, icao24: 'def456' },
+  await refresh(() =>
+    Promise.resolve({ newsStatus: 'ready', articles: [story('c')] }),
   );
+  assert.equal(rows(), 1);
+  await refresh(() => Promise.reject(new Error('503')), {
+    ...INFO,
+    icao24: 'def456',
+  });
   assert.equal(text('#cockpit-news-status'), 'REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE');
   assert.equal(rows(), 0);
 });
@@ -499,7 +546,10 @@ test('the card and its toggle render the collapse the controller presents', asyn
   await nextTick();
   assert.equal(card.dataset.collapsed, 'true');
   assert.equal(toggle.getAttribute('aria-expanded'), 'false');
-  assert.equal(toggle.getAttribute('aria-label'), 'Expand cockpit briefing panel');
+  assert.equal(
+    toggle.getAttribute('aria-label'),
+    'Expand cockpit briefing panel',
+  );
   assert.equal(toggle.title, 'Expand briefing panel');
   assert.equal(toggle.textContent.trim(), 'right_panel_open');
   assert.equal(owner.signalUserCollapsed, true);
@@ -562,6 +612,8 @@ test("a refresh that fails after a move never shows the last location's brief as
   await refresh(() => Promise.reject(new TypeError('Failed to fetch')), 45);
   assert.equal($('#cockpit-news-status').dataset.state, 'unavailable');
   assert.equal(rows(), 0);
+  // Nor is it held, for a language change to show again.
+  assert.equal(owner.regionalBrief, null);
 
   // Nor does a brief there whose news read failed borrow the last place's rows.
   await refresh(here, 40);
diff --git a/src/ui/newsPanel.js b/src/ui/newsPanel.js
index a63f77739..ca48d0e95 100644
--- a/src/ui/newsPanel.js
+++ b/src/ui/newsPanel.js
@@ -67,7 +67,12 @@ export function createNewsPanel({ container, setLayerParams = () => {} } = {}) {
       const filters = JSON.stringify(next?.filters ?? null);
       // A new list (other filters or hotspot), or a read that failed, may stop
       // at the same length as the last request: let the next scroll ask.
-      if (filters !== shownFilters || (next?.error && !view?.error))
+      // A list started over is shorter than the one the last request saw.
+      if (
+        filters !== shownFilters ||
+        (next?.error && !view?.error) ||
+        (next?.items?.length ?? 0) < requestedAt
+      )
         requestedAt = -1;
       shownFilters = filters;
       view = next || null;

From caa6f6f81249e8c776405226725e1610ac9c25b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mazeyar Moeini Feizabadi <mazy.moeini@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 21:41:29 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 125/181] fix(news): the browser keeps Local news an hour at
 most; docs say what the fixes do

Local kept World News API's rows listed after the server had deleted them.
README names News among the routes refused behind a proxy; a timed-out
request is said to count; the cockpit cached state is near the same place.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.2 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 README.md                      |  6 ++---
 changelog.d/1593-news-layer.md |  2 +-
 docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md           |  5 +++--
 src/layers/news/index.js       |  4 +++-
 src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs | 40 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 5 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index f47f6f065..f70bd2f81 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ Keep the `env`: bash treats `UID` as read-only, so a plain `UID=1026` in front o
 
 On SELinux hosts (Fedora, RHEL), compose mounts the checkout with `:z` so the container may read it; Docker may relabel the checkout for container access, which can take a moment on a large checkout. Without that, the start fails with `Cannot find module '/app/scripts/docker-start.mjs'`.
 
-Behind a reverse proxy, put your keys in `.env` or pass them as environment variables - Provider Settings refuses proxied requests on purpose - and add the hostname you serve it on, for example `GEV_ALLOWED_HOSTS=globe.example.lan` (see [Sharing an instance](#-sharing-an-instance)). The map routes compare the browser's `Origin` with the `Host` the server sees, so the proxy must pass the original `Host` and, when it terminates TLS, `X-Forwarded-Proto`. Caddy does both by default; for nginx add `proxy_set_header Host $http_host;`, `proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;` and `proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;`. On an install outside Docker, that forwarding header also rate-limits the proxy's users apart from your own browser. Under the default Docker bridge network every client on the host, your browser included, reaches the container from its gateway address and shares one Overpass bucket.
+Behind a reverse proxy, put your keys in `.env` or pass them as environment variables - Provider Settings and the News layer refuse proxied requests on purpose - and add the hostname you serve it on, for example `GEV_ALLOWED_HOSTS=globe.example.lan` (see [Sharing an instance](#-sharing-an-instance)). The map routes compare the browser's `Origin` with the `Host` the server sees, so the proxy must pass the original `Host` and, when it terminates TLS, `X-Forwarded-Proto`. Caddy does both by default; for nginx add `proxy_set_header Host $http_host;`, `proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;` and `proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;`. On an install outside Docker, that forwarding header also rate-limits the proxy's users apart from your own browser. Under the default Docker bridge network every client on the host, your browser included, reaches the container from its gateway address and shares one Overpass bucket.
 
 </details>
 
@@ -236,8 +236,8 @@ the container.
 
 ### Path 4 — GitHub Codespaces (cloud, no local install)
 
-Codespaces requires a GitHub account. Overpass queries and OpenAI voice token
-requests return HTTP 403 through its forwarded HTTPS URL, even with API keys
+Codespaces requires a GitHub account. Overpass queries, the News layer and OpenAI
+voice token requests return HTTP 403 through its forwarded HTTPS URL, even with API keys
 in `.env` and `GEV_ALLOWED_HOSTS` configured. Use a local setup for these features.
 
 The codespace runs the dev server in a cloud workspace, so Node and the dependencies
diff --git a/changelog.d/1593-news-layer.md b/changelog.d/1593-news-layer.md
index 748dab0bf..06d6a3632 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1593-news-layer.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1593-news-layer.md
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 - Cockpit Regional News holds its list to the last 24 hours, newest first, on
   the server and in the client, and labels its four states apart: fresh
   results with no banner and a `LAST 24 H` footer, earlier results kept after
-  a failed refresh as `CACHED · REFRESH FAILED`, `NO NEWS IN THE LAST 24 H`,
+  a failed refresh near the same place as `CACHED · REFRESH FAILED`, `NO NEWS IN THE LAST 24 H`,
   and `REGIONAL NEWS UNAVAILABLE`. The banner is now really hidden over a
   populated list, and the footer no longer reverts to a static `RECENT` on a
   page change (Denis Groshev, @ZloyS, #1593).
diff --git a/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md b/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
index 6b2eaf8b0..5b246a73e 100644
--- a/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
+++ b/docs/KNOWN-ISSUES.md
@@ -170,8 +170,9 @@ Status: Open (limits)
   and is tried again with the first ask a minute or more later.
 - Local needs a World News API key. Its free plan allows 50 points a day; Core
   stops at `WORLDNEWSAPI_DAILY_READS` reads (default 30) and Local then says the
-  daily limit is reached. A request that never reached World News API (offline,
-  timed out) is not counted; any answer from it is, a failing one too.
+  daily limit is reached. A request that never reached World News API (offline)
+  is not counted; any answer from it is, a failing one too, and so is a
+  request that timed out.
 - A country's news is kept for at most 1 hour (World News API's terms, which
   also ask the operator for its written permission to cache at all). While
   World News API cannot be read, Local in that country therefore reads
diff --git a/src/layers/news/index.js b/src/layers/news/index.js
index 7992884ce..65a653dd7 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/index.js
@@ -1083,6 +1083,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         minor: page.reports.filter((r) =>
           withinNewsWindow(r, now(), maxWindowMs),
         ),
+        readAt: now(),
         loading: false,
         error: null,
       };
@@ -1094,7 +1095,8 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         ...inView,
         // A missing key is read again with the next refresh, not each pan.
         readKey: need ? readKey : inView.readKey,
-        minor: need ? [] : inView.minor,
+        // World News API's news is kept an hour at most, as the server does.
+        minor: need || now() - inView.readAt >= 3_600_000 ? [] : inView.minor,
         loading: false,
         error: need ? null : cause?.message || FEED_UNAVAILABLE,
       };
diff --git a/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
index 3d9b1db8f..0c0d60bf6 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ function fixture(
     reduced = false,
     centre = () => ({ lat: 49, lon: 36 }),
     credits = [],
+    now = () => NOW,
   } = {},
 ) {
   const calls = { feed: [], hotspots: 0, outline: 0 };
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ function fixture(
   const layer = createNewsLayer({
     source,
     overlayHost,
-    now: () => NOW,
+    now,
     matchMedia: () => ({ matches: reduced }),
     getViewCentre: () => centre(),
     registerCredit: (_viewer, credit) => {
@@ -840,6 +841,43 @@ test('a failed Conflicts read leaves Local reading with each refresh', async (t)
   assert.equal(view.error, 'News feed unavailable');
 });
 
+test('Local reports are listed an hour at most while they cannot be read again', async (t) => {
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
+  let at = NOW;
+  let failing = false;
+  const { layer } = fixture(t, {
+    height: 1_000_000,
+    now: () => at,
+    source: {
+      getFeed: async (query) => {
+        if (query.at && failing) throw new Error('News feed unavailable');
+        return {
+          reports: [report('inside', { relevance: 'minor' })],
+          nextBefore: null,
+        };
+      },
+      getAreaOutline: async () => ukraine,
+    },
+  });
+  const listed = () =>
+    layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.items.map((item) => item.id);
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { section: 'local' } });
+  await flush();
+  assert.deepEqual(listed(), ['inside']);
+  // World News API's terms: its news is kept an hour at most, here too.
+  failing = true;
+  at += 59 * 60_000;
+  await layer.update();
+  await flush();
+  assert.deepEqual(listed(), ['inside']);
+  at += 2 * 60_000;
+  await layer.update();
+  await flush();
+  assert.deepEqual(listed(), []);
+});
+
 test('a failed read keeps the layer on with an error; disable clears the overlay', async (t) => {
   const { layer, entries } = fixture(t, {
     source: { getFeed: async () => Promise.reject(new Error('boom')) },

From bd1b16e4ee693df610a1dc5d404ebc53877aeba2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mazeyar Moeini Feizabadi <mazy.moeini@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 21:51:34 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 126/181] fix(news): on phones the News panel keeps its height
 in the Context sheet

It shrank under the Context panel, leaving the feed a strip one card high.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.2 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 src/ui/styles/mobile-shell.css | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/ui/styles/mobile-shell.css b/src/ui/styles/mobile-shell.css
index 06811baab..593e10a07 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/mobile-shell.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/mobile-shell.css
@@ -199,6 +199,12 @@ body.mobile-shell[data-mobile-sheet='more'] #right-context-rail > #pp-toggles {
   transform: none;
 }
 
+/* The sheet scrolls: News keeps its height instead of shrinking under the
+   panel below it, as the rail makes it do on a desktop. */
+body.mobile-shell #right-context-rail > #news-panel:not(.collapsed) {
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
 /* ── Dock: voice floats above the tab bar; search and presets are sheets ─ */
 body.mobile-shell #command-dock {
   /* The dock's tray rules size voice by this basis; a column makes it a height. */

From 447cc08783a8f77866839ed7bbac2b759ec7c0db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:03:15 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 127/181] fix(flights): a stalled feed dims the tracked
 aircraft as STALE

When the whole feed backs off, no poll counts a miss, so the tracked
aircraft read STALE at full brightness while no newer position came in.
It now takes the same stale fade as a missed update, in the flights and
military layers.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                    |  2 +-
 src/layers/flights/tracking.js           |  8 ++++----
 src/layers/flights/trailRecord.test.mjs  | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/military/tracking.js          |  8 ++++----
 src/layers/military/trailRecord.test.mjs | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 9df7cf081..be3244aca 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5793,7 +5793,7 @@ silently demoting every later lookup for the session.
 
 ### Motion & Symbology Correctness (June 10, 2026)
 
-- **Flights (commercial + military)** render one poll interval behind real time (30s/15s) and interpolate between two known feed-stamped fixes (OpenSky `time_position`; adsb.lol `receipt − seen_pos`). The display latency is an intentional product decision — do not "fix" it away. The fleet dead-reckons at ~12Hz (1m² write gating); a contact already hidden behind the horizon whose last position still is re-reckons on a staggered one-in-13-ticks rotation (about once a second) instead, so the worldwide feed's ~13k contacts no longer cost a full pass when well under 1% are on screen. Anything that position puts in view, and any contact with a fleet model, takes the full pass immediately, and hidden-inclusive proximity queries read positions at most about a second old; aircraft get a 3-poll grace period (faded icon) before removal, except the tracked aircraft, which is kept until 10 minutes after its newest fix. When a position epoch pauses, both layers coast for five minutes on the last speed and heading (at most 1,500 kt), then stop dimmed as SIGNAL LOST; contacts on or near known ground hold instead. Source backoff marks each contact and the cockpit `STALE`; the cockpit then holds the exact layer position instead of continuing inertial flight. Repeated-position kinematic changes create a forward-only synthetic fix rather than mutating history, and grounded history is lifted only when no owned 3D model already controls its datum. A nominally successful worldwide OpenSky response whose own snapshot epoch is more than two minutes old prefers the existing 250-nm viewport-scoped adsb.lol fallback and labels the source/coverage accordingly when that upstream is available. If the fallback is also unavailable, the layer's freshness/error fields use the source epoch—never the cache receipt time—so the UI reports an old snapshot rather than “just now.”
+- **Flights (commercial + military)** render one poll interval behind real time (30s/15s) and interpolate between two known feed-stamped fixes (OpenSky `time_position`; adsb.lol `receipt − seen_pos`). The display latency is an intentional product decision — do not "fix" it away. The fleet dead-reckons at ~12Hz (1m² write gating); a contact already hidden behind the horizon whose last position still is re-reckons on a staggered one-in-13-ticks rotation (about once a second) instead, so the worldwide feed's ~13k contacts no longer cost a full pass when well under 1% are on screen. Anything that position puts in view, and any contact with a fleet model, takes the full pass immediately, and hidden-inclusive proximity queries read positions at most about a second old; aircraft get a 3-poll grace period (faded icon) before removal, except the tracked aircraft, which is kept until 10 minutes after its newest fix. When a position epoch pauses, both layers coast for five minutes on the last speed and heading (at most 1,500 kt), then stop dimmed as SIGNAL LOST; contacts on or near known ground hold instead. Source backoff marks each contact and the cockpit `STALE` and dims the tracked aircraft, as a missed update does; the cockpit then holds the exact layer position instead of continuing inertial flight. Repeated-position kinematic changes create a forward-only synthetic fix rather than mutating history, and grounded history is lifted only when no owned 3D model already controls its datum. A nominally successful worldwide OpenSky response whose own snapshot epoch is more than two minutes old prefers the existing 250-nm viewport-scoped adsb.lol fallback and labels the source/coverage accordingly when that upstream is available. If the fallback is also unavailable, the layer's freshness/error fields use the source epoch—never the cache receipt time—so the UI reports an old snapshot rather than “just now.”
 - **World-space headings at every angle** (`src/data/iconOrientation.js`): aircraft/vessel icon rotation uses the camera right/up basis per tick (alignedAxis always ZERO), which is exact at screen center and for orthographic/nadir views and remains stable through >180° tracked orbits. Perspective rays vary across the viewport, so off-center contacts at oblique pitch can diverge from an exact finite-difference window projection; a regression test pins that known regime, and field evidence decides whether to adopt exact projection with the basis method as fallback. Fleet rotations refresh on camera-pose change; tracked entities per frame. Billboards are horizon-culled via a shared EllipsoidalOccluder.
 - **Military/OpenSky reconciliation** (`src/data/militaryRegistry.js`): known-military ICAOs render amber in the flights layer (60s self-poll of the cached mil endpoint when the military layer is off) and are suppressed there while the military layer renders them.
 - **Satellites**: core catalog from CelesTrak's stations, visual, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, GEO, resource, weather, planet, SAR and science groups, tracking lands ~726km out via `viewFrom` (tracked entity owns a point graphic so the tracking camera engages), rings realign via primitive modelMatrix (no per-second rebuild flicker), optional `setParams({catalog:'dense'})` Starlink mode.
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/tracking.js b/src/layers/flights/tracking.js
index cbc1b66ad..a4faa8329 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/tracking.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/tracking.js
@@ -859,8 +859,8 @@ export function createTracking({
    * - SIGNAL LOST · <time since its last report>, dimmed: its coast has ended
    *   (or it holds at its last report after a missed update) and no newer
    *   report has come.
-   * - STALE, dimmed: it has missed an update and still coasts.
-   * - STALE, not dimmed: the whole feed is backing off.
+   * - STALE, dimmed: it has missed an update and still coasts, or the whole
+   *   feed is backing off.
    * @param {string} icao24
    * @returns {{text: string, dimmed: boolean}}
    */
@@ -902,8 +902,8 @@ export function createTracking({
           : `${formatNumber(Math.floor(sec / 60), { useGrouping: false })} ${unitLabel('min')}`;
       return { text: t('SIGNAL LOST · {time}', { time }), dimmed: true };
     }
-    if (missed) return { text: t('STALE'), dimmed: true };
-    if (backoff) return { text: t('STALE'), dimmed: false };
+    // A missed update or a stalled feed: no newer position is coming in.
+    if (missed || backoff) return { text: t('STALE'), dimmed: true };
     return { text: '', dimmed: false };
   }
 
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/trailRecord.test.mjs b/src/layers/flights/trailRecord.test.mjs
index 3dd5a6bdd..39ffa74d2 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/trailRecord.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/flights/trailRecord.test.mjs
@@ -791,6 +791,26 @@ test('a repeated old fix counts as a missed update for the tracked plane', () =>
   }
 });
 
+test('a stalled feed dims the tracked plane as STALE', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = outOfCoverage();
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: pastReport(-5) });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    h.run(pastReport(-2));
+    // The whole feed is backing off: no poll counts a miss, and no newer
+    // position is coming in.
+    h.flightState.feed._backoff = true;
+    assert.deepEqual(h.tracking._trackedStaleCue(ICAO), {
+      text: 'STALE',
+      dimmed: true,
+    });
+    assert.equal(h.tracking._trackedIconColor().alpha, STALE_ALPHA);
+    assert.equal(h.flightState.records.missingPolls.has(ICAO), false);
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
 test('a report arriving after the plane has stopped: it eases in with no spur, and the trail keeps everything up to the stop', () => {
   const { fixes, info } = outOfCoverage();
   info.lastContactEpochMs = fixes.at(-1).epochMs;
diff --git a/src/layers/military/tracking.js b/src/layers/military/tracking.js
index d2d4843b6..a834c2446 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/tracking.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/tracking.js
@@ -230,8 +230,8 @@ export function createTracking({
    * - SIGNAL LOST · <time since its last report>, dimmed: its coast has ended
    *   (or it holds at its last report after a missed update) and no newer
    *   report has come.
-   * - STALE, dimmed: it has missed an update and still coasts.
-   * - STALE, not dimmed: the whole feed is backing off.
+   * - STALE, dimmed: it has missed an update and still coasts, or the whole
+   *   feed is backing off.
    * @param {string} icao24
    * @returns {{text: string, dimmed: boolean}}
    */
@@ -273,8 +273,8 @@ export function createTracking({
           : `${formatNumber(Math.floor(sec / 60), { useGrouping: false })} ${unitLabel('min')}`;
       return { text: t('SIGNAL LOST · {time}', { time }), dimmed: true };
     }
-    if (missed) return { text: t('STALE'), dimmed: true };
-    if (backoff) return { text: t('STALE'), dimmed: false };
+    // A missed update or a stalled feed: no newer position is coming in.
+    if (missed || backoff) return { text: t('STALE'), dimmed: true };
     return { text: '', dimmed: false };
   }
 
diff --git a/src/layers/military/trailRecord.test.mjs b/src/layers/military/trailRecord.test.mjs
index 3bc999b18..b72a43b86 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/trailRecord.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/military/trailRecord.test.mjs
@@ -642,6 +642,26 @@ test('military: a repeated old fix counts as a missed update for the tracked pla
   }
 });
 
+test('military: a stalled feed dims the tracked plane as STALE', () => {
+  const { fixes, info } = outOfCoverage();
+  const h = harness({ fixes, info, nowMs: pastReport(-5) });
+  try {
+    h.tracking._startTrail(ICAO);
+    h.run(pastReport(-2));
+    // The whole feed is backing off: no poll counts a miss, and no newer
+    // position is coming in.
+    h.flightState.feed._backoff = true;
+    assert.deepEqual(h.tracking._trackedStaleCue(ICAO), {
+      text: 'STALE',
+      dimmed: true,
+    });
+    assert.equal(h.tracking._trackedIconColor().alpha, STALE_ALPHA);
+    assert.equal(h.flightState.records.missingPolls.has(ICAO), false);
+  } finally {
+    h.restore();
+  }
+});
+
 test('military: a report arriving after the plane has stopped: it eases in with no spur, and the trail keeps everything up to the stop', () => {
   const { fixes, info } = outOfCoverage();
   info.lastContactEpochMs = fixes.at(-1).epochMs;

From 12116f0ed8c57768dcd745e902f9ec1f200cca09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:03:25 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 128/181] docs(changelog): stalled feed dims the tracked
 aircraft

---
 changelog.d/1656-stalled-feed-dims-tracked.md | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1656-stalled-feed-dims-tracked.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1656-stalled-feed-dims-tracked.md b/changelog.d/1656-stalled-feed-dims-tracked.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dcb595981
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1656-stalled-feed-dims-tracked.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+- A tracked aircraft is dimmed as STALE while the whole flight feed is
+  stalled, as it is after a missed update, instead of staying at full
+  brightness (Sameh Khamis, @samehkhamis, #1656).

From 32e7a1a91365084a46532568743b05a3d1afe002 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:16:42 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 129/181] fix(shipwrecks): skip every wrecksite.eu row, even
 when the name comes after the 80-character cut or only in the link

The exclusion tested the provenance after it was cut to 80 characters, so a
long source list ending in wrecksite.eu kept the row, and a row whose only
trace was a wrecksite.eu page link was kept too. Both raw values are now
checked before anything is cut.
---
 src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js       | 12 ++++++++++--
 src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs | 12 ++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js
index 7a7072205..c1d17e77b 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js
@@ -108,9 +108,15 @@ function httpUrl(value) {
   }
 }
 
+/** Whether a provenance or link value points at wrecksite.eu, in any form. */
+function fromWrecksite(value) {
+  return typeof value === 'string' && /wrecksite/i.test(value);
+}
+
 /**
  * Normalize EMODnet's shipwreck GeoJSON. Records the portal took from
- * wrecksite.eu are skipped: that site's data is not openly licensed.
+ * wrecksite.eu, named in the provenance or linked as the record's page, are
+ * skipped: that site's data is not openly licensed.
  * @param {object} payload WFS GeoJSON FeatureCollection.
  * @returns {object[]} Shipwreck records.
  */
@@ -126,8 +132,10 @@ export function normalizeEmodnetFeatures(payload) {
     const lon = Number(coords[0]);
     const lat = Number(coords[1]);
     if (!validPoint(lat, lon)) continue;
+    // Checked on the raw values: the shown origin is cut to 80 characters,
+    // and a long provenance list can name wrecksite.eu after the cut.
+    if (fromWrecksite(p.source_inf) || fromWrecksite(p.website1)) continue;
     const origin = clean(p.source_inf, 80);
-    if (origin && /wrecksite/i.test(origin)) continue;
     const key = clean(String(feature.id ?? p.source_id ?? ''), 80);
     if (!key) continue;
     const id = `emodnet:${key}`;
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs
index a61154a5a..e65863331 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs
@@ -47,6 +47,18 @@ test('EMODnet wrecks keep ship facts and drop text that names people', () => {
       feature('w.4', { name: 'Null island' }, [0, 0]),
     ],
   });
+  const ids = normalizeEmodnetFeatures({
+    features: [
+      feature('w.3', { name: 'Copied', source_inf: 'www.wrecksite.eu' }),
+      feature('w.5', {
+        source_inf: `${'SHOM; '.repeat(20)}wrecksite.eu`,
+      }),
+      feature('w.6', { website1: 'https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?1' }),
+      feature('w.7', { website1: 'wrecksite.eu/wreck/1' }),
+      feature('w.8', { name: 'Kept', source_inf: 'SHOM' }),
+    ],
+  }).map((record) => record.id);
+  assert.deepEqual(ids, ['emodnet:w.8'], 'wrecksite.eu rows are all skipped');
   assert.equal(wreck.id, 'emodnet:w.1');
   assert.equal(wreck.year, 1987);
   assert.equal(wreck.vesselType, 'Pusher or tug');

From 0da3a28d7622a469c4138e54a791bc296db0d32d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:17:50 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 130/181] fix(shipwrecks): a Wikidata date before AD 100 reads
 as ancient text (300 BC), not as the AD year

parseYear took the minus sign of -0299 as a separator, so a wreck from 300 BC
showed as year 300, sat at AD 300 in the period picker and stretched its
range. Years before AD 100 now keep their year as text ("300 BC", "AD 50")
and count as ancient, like EMODnet's period-dated wrecks; the query service's
XSD 1.1 years (0000 is 1 BC) are converted. Merging records now carries that
text with the date, and coarser-than-year precisions give no date.
---
 src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js       | 68 ++++++++++++++++----------
 src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs | 40 +++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 83 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js
index c1d17e77b..741adb320 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js
@@ -194,18 +194,43 @@ function wikiUrl(value) {
 
 /**
  * A Wikidata time as a day ("1912-04-15") when it is day-precise, else as a
- * year only: a month- or year-precise value reads back as the 1st.
- * @returns {{date: string|null, year: number|null}}
+ * year only: a month- or year-precise value reads back as the 1st. A year
+ * before AD 100 ("-0299", 300 BC) has no place on the year picker, so it is
+ * kept as ancient with its year as text, like EMODnet's period-dated wrecks.
+ * @returns {{date: string|null, year: number|null, dating: string|null}}
  */
 function wikidataTime(value, precision) {
-  const match = /^(-?\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})T/.exec(value || '');
-  if (!match) return { date: null, year: null };
-  const year = parseYear(match[1]);
-  const p = Number(precision);
-  // 11 = day; 9 = year; 10 = month. A missing precision (P576) counts as a day.
-  if (!Number.isFinite(p) || p >= 11)
-    return { date: `${match[1]}-${match[2]}-${match[3]}`, year };
-  return { date: null, year: p >= 9 ? year : null };
+  const none = { date: null, year: null, dating: null };
+  const match = /^([+-]?)(\d{4,})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})T/.exec(value || '');
+  if (!match) return none;
+  // A missing precision (P576 is read without one) counts as a day.
+  const p = precision == null ? 11 : Number(precision);
+  // 11 = day; 10 = month; 9 = year; below 9 is a decade or coarser.
+  if (!Number.isFinite(p) || p < 9) return none;
+  const signed = Number(`${match[1] === '-' ? '-' : ''}${match[2]}`);
+  if (signed < 100) {
+    // The query service writes XSD 1.1 years: 0000 is 1 BC, -0299 is 300 BC.
+    const dating = signed <= 0 ? `${1 - signed} BC` : `AD ${signed}`;
+    return { date: null, year: null, dating };
+  }
+  const year = parseYear(String(signed));
+  if (year === null) return none;
+  if (p >= 11)
+    return { date: `${match[2]}-${match[3]}-${match[4]}`, year, dating: null };
+  return { date: null, year, dating: null };
+}
+
+/** Whether a record (or a parsed time) says when the ship sank. */
+function hasWhen(when) {
+  return Boolean(when.date || Number.isInteger(when.year) || when.dating);
+}
+
+/** Copy when a ship sank from one record (or parsed time) to another. */
+function takeWhen(target, from) {
+  target.date = from.date ?? null;
+  target.year = from.year ?? null;
+  target.dating = from.dating ?? null;
+  target.ancient = Boolean(from.dating) || Boolean(from.ancient);
 }
 
 /** "sinking of the RMS Titanic" → "Sinking of the RMS Titanic". */
@@ -233,10 +258,7 @@ export function normalizeWikidataResults(payload) {
     if (known) {
       // Extra rows only add what the first one lacked.
       known.vesselType ||= clean(value('typeLabel'), 60);
-      if (!known.date && !known.year) {
-        known.date = sunk.date || ended.date;
-        known.year = sunk.year ?? ended.year;
-      }
+      if (!hasWhen(known)) takeWhen(known, hasWhen(sunk) ? sunk : ended);
       known.casualties ??= count(value('deaths'));
       known.survivors ??= count(value('survivors'));
       continue;
@@ -249,7 +271,7 @@ export function normalizeWikidataResults(payload) {
     if (!validPoint(lat, lon)) continue;
     const name = clean(value('itemLabel'), 100);
     const event = value('event') === 'event';
-    const when = sunk.date || sunk.year ? sunk : ended;
+    const when = hasWhen(sunk) ? sunk : ended;
     byItem.set(qid, {
       id: `wikidata:${qid}`,
       source: 'wikidata',
@@ -261,8 +283,8 @@ export function normalizeWikidataResults(payload) {
       vesselType: event ? null : clean(value('typeLabel'), 60),
       year: when.year,
       date: when.date,
-      dating: null,
-      ancient: false,
+      dating: when.dating,
+      ancient: Boolean(when.dating),
       cause: null,
       notes: impersonalText(value('itemDescription'), MAX_TEXT),
       cargo: null,
@@ -313,10 +335,7 @@ function foldSinkingEvents(records) {
       continue;
     }
     twin.vesselType ||= record.vesselType;
-    if (!twin.date && !twin.year) {
-      twin.date = record.date;
-      twin.year = record.year;
-    }
+    if (!hasWhen(twin)) takeWhen(twin, record);
     twin.casualties ??= record.casualties;
     twin.survivors ??= record.survivors;
   }
@@ -335,9 +354,8 @@ function foldSinkingEvents(records) {
       out.push(event);
       continue;
     }
-    if (!ship.date && !ship.year) {
-      ship.date = event.date;
-      ship.year = event.year;
+    if (!hasWhen(ship)) {
+      takeWhen(ship, event);
     } else if (!ship.date && event.date && event.year === ship.year) {
       ship.date = event.date;
     }
@@ -395,7 +413,7 @@ export function mergeShipwreckRecords(emodnet = [], wikidata = []) {
       kept.push(record);
       continue;
     }
-    twin.year ??= record.year;
+    if (!hasWhen(twin)) takeWhen(twin, record);
     twin.vesselType ||= record.vesselType;
     twin.cause ||= record.cause;
     twin.depth ??= record.depth;
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs
index e65863331..61ec8fe64 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs
@@ -222,3 +222,43 @@ test('a sinking event folds into its ship; month-precise dates keep the year onl
   assert.equal(concordia.date, '2012-01-13');
   assert.equal('event' in concordia, false);
 });
+
+test('a date before AD 100 is kept as ancient text, never read as an AD year', () => {
+  const entity = (q) => ({ value: `http://www.wikidata.org/entity/${q}` });
+  const [bc, earlyAd, roman] = normalizeWikidataResults({
+    results: {
+      bindings: [
+        {
+          item: entity('Q1'),
+          itemLabel: { value: 'Antikythera wreck' },
+          coord: { value: 'Point(23.3 35.9)' },
+          sunk: { value: '-0299-01-01T00:00:00Z' },
+          sunkPrecision: { value: '11' },
+        },
+        {
+          item: entity('Q2'),
+          itemLabel: { value: 'Early wreck' },
+          coord: { value: 'Point(12 40)' },
+          sunk: { value: '0050-01-01T00:00:00Z' },
+          sunkPrecision: { value: '9' },
+        },
+        {
+          item: entity('Q3'),
+          itemLabel: { value: 'Roman wreck' },
+          coord: { value: 'Point(13 41)' },
+          sunk: { value: '0300-01-01T00:00:00Z' },
+          sunkPrecision: { value: '9' },
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+  });
+  assert.equal(bc.year, null, '300 BC is not the year 300');
+  assert.equal(bc.date, null, 'no day for a BC date');
+  assert.equal(bc.dating, '300 BC');
+  assert.equal(bc.ancient, true);
+  assert.equal(earlyAd.year, null);
+  assert.equal(earlyAd.dating, 'AD 50');
+  assert.equal(earlyAd.ancient, true);
+  assert.equal(roman.year, 300);
+  assert.equal(roman.dating, null);
+});

From a1200efba6bf0fc0a268cac877dd10a2280cbda8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:19:23 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 131/181] fix(shipwrecks): an end-of-service date (P576) keeps
 its precision, so a year-only one is not shown as 1 January

The query read P576 through wdt:, which carries no precision, and a missing
precision counted as a day. It now reads the best-rank statement's value with
wikibase:timePrecision, and a value without a precision is trusted to the
year only. Against the live query service the new query takes 23 s and dates
16 more wrecks while every date the old one gave is unchanged.
---
 src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js       | 16 ++++-----
 src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 53 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js
index 741adb320..76fcd53eb 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js
@@ -16,16 +16,16 @@ export const SHIPWRECK_SOURCES = Object.freeze(['emodnet', 'wikidata']);
  * Wikidata (CC0): shipwreck items that have at least one Wikipedia article,
  * so the worldwide set stays to notable wrecks and skips bulk register
  * imports, plus sinking events ("sinking of the RMS Titanic"), which are where
- * Wikidata keeps the death toll. Dates come with their precision so a
- * month-precise date is not shown as the 1st. Only ship and event facts are
- * read: no items about people.
+ * Wikidata keeps the death toll. Dates, the end of service (P576) included,
+ * come with their precision so a month-precise date is not shown as the 1st.
+ * Only ship and event facts are read: no items about people.
  */
-export const WIKIDATA_QUERY = `SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?itemDescription ?coord ?sunk ?sunkPrecision ?end ?deaths ?survivors ?typeLabel ?enwiki ?ptwiki ?event WHERE {
+export const WIKIDATA_QUERY = `SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?itemDescription ?coord ?sunk ?sunkPrecision ?end ?endPrecision ?deaths ?survivors ?typeLabel ?enwiki ?ptwiki ?event WHERE {
   {
     ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q852190 ; wdt:P625 ?coord ; wikibase:sitelinks ?links .
     FILTER(?links > 0)
     OPTIONAL { ?item p:P793 ?wreck . ?wreck ps:P793 wd:Q906512 ; pqv:P585 [ wikibase:timeValue ?sunk ; wikibase:timePrecision ?sunkPrecision ] }
-    OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P576 ?end }
+    OPTIONAL { ?item p:P576 [ a wikibase:BestRank ; psv:P576 [ wikibase:timeValue ?end ; wikibase:timePrecision ?endPrecision ] ] }
     OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P31 ?type . FILTER(?type != wd:Q852190) }
   } UNION {
     ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q906512 ; wdt:P625 ?coord .
@@ -203,8 +203,8 @@ function wikidataTime(value, precision) {
   const none = { date: null, year: null, dating: null };
   const match = /^([+-]?)(\d{4,})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})T/.exec(value || '');
   if (!match) return none;
-  // A missing precision (P576 is read without one) counts as a day.
-  const p = precision == null ? 11 : Number(precision);
+  // A value without a precision is only trusted to the year.
+  const p = precision == null ? 9 : Number(precision);
   // 11 = day; 10 = month; 9 = year; below 9 is a decade or coarser.
   if (!Number.isFinite(p) || p < 9) return none;
   const signed = Number(`${match[1] === '-' ? '-' : ''}${match[2]}`);
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ export function normalizeWikidataResults(payload) {
     const qid = /\/entity\/(Q\d{1,12})$/.exec(value('item') || '')?.[1];
     if (!qid) continue;
     const sunk = wikidataTime(value('sunk'), value('sunkPrecision'));
-    const ended = wikidataTime(value('end'), null);
+    const ended = wikidataTime(value('end'), value('endPrecision'));
     const known = byItem.get(qid);
     if (known) {
       // Extra rows only add what the first one lacked.
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs
index 61ec8fe64..2033e391f 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   normalizeShipwreckSnapshot,
   normalizeWikidataResults,
   parseYear,
+  WIKIDATA_QUERY,
 } from './records.js';
 
 function feature(id, properties, coordinates = [-4.35, 54.13]) {
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ test('Wikidata rows fold into one record per item', () => {
           itemDescription: { value: '1939 G and H-class destroyer' },
           coord: { value: 'Point(2.26 51.13)' },
           sunk: { value: '1940-06-01T00:00:00Z' },
+          sunkPrecision: { value: '11' },
           enwiki: { value: 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Havant_(H32)' },
         },
         {
@@ -262,3 +264,46 @@ test('a date before AD 100 is kept as ancient text, never read as an AD year', (
   assert.equal(roman.year, 300);
   assert.equal(roman.dating, null);
 });
+
+test('an end-of-service date keeps its precision: a year-only one is no day', () => {
+  const entity = (q) => ({ value: `http://www.wikidata.org/entity/${q}` });
+  const [yearOnly, dayPrecise, unknown] = normalizeWikidataResults({
+    results: {
+      bindings: [
+        {
+          item: entity('Q11'),
+          itemLabel: { value: 'Year only' },
+          coord: { value: 'Point(1 50)' },
+          end: { value: '1917-01-01T00:00:00Z' },
+          endPrecision: { value: '9' },
+        },
+        {
+          item: entity('Q12'),
+          itemLabel: { value: 'Day precise' },
+          coord: { value: 'Point(2 50)' },
+          end: { value: '1917-03-04T00:00:00Z' },
+          endPrecision: { value: '11' },
+        },
+        {
+          item: entity('Q13'),
+          itemLabel: { value: 'No precision' },
+          coord: { value: 'Point(3 50)' },
+          end: { value: '1917-01-01T00:00:00Z' },
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+  });
+  assert.equal(yearOnly.date, null, 'not shown as 1 Jan 1917');
+  assert.equal(yearOnly.year, 1917);
+  assert.equal(dayPrecise.date, '1917-03-04');
+  assert.equal(unknown.date, null, 'an unknown precision is a year only');
+  assert.equal(unknown.year, 1917);
+});
+
+test('the query reads the end of service with its precision', () => {
+  assert.match(
+    WIKIDATA_QUERY,
+    /psv:P576 \[ wikibase:timeValue \?end ; wikibase:timePrecision \?endPrecision \]/,
+  );
+  assert.doesNotMatch(WIKIDATA_QUERY, /wdt:P576/);
+});

From 3b52e241402f3148c43572f5cfc4e426012e7822 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:20:49 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 132/181] fix(shipwrecks): a failed or empty source refresh
 keeps its last good wrecks, and waits 15 minutes before the next try

A refresh with one source down (or Wikidata answering 200 with no results)
was cached as the day's snapshot, replacing the full set; and once the
snapshot was a day old, every request after a failure fetched both sources
again. Each source now keeps its own last good records, served as stale for
up to seven days, and a source that failed is not asked again for 15 minutes,
even when there is no data yet. A Wikidata answer without results, or with no
wreck in it, counts as a failure.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md             |   7 +-
 server/providers/shipwrecks.js    | 103 ++++++++++++++------
 src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs | 154 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 3 files changed, 219 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 4b29de4f5..64e0aac63 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -159,9 +159,10 @@ off by default. `/api/shipwrecks` downloads EMODnet Human Activities'
 compiled from SHOM, Ireland's National Monuments Service, Historic England and
 the Oxford Roman Economy Project; CC BY 4.0) and a Wikidata SPARQL query for
 shipwreck items with a coordinate and at least one Wikipedia article (about
-1,450 worldwide; CC0), at most once a day, and serves the last good snapshot as
-stale for up to seven days when a refresh fails. One source failing still serves
-the other. EMODnet rows the portal took from wrecksite.eu are skipped (that site
+1,450 worldwide; CC0), each at most once a day. Each source keeps its own last
+good records: a source that fails, or answers with nothing usable, keeps serving
+its earlier records as stale for up to seven days and is not asked again for
+15 minutes, and never removes the other source's wrecks. EMODnet rows the portal took from wrecksite.eu are skipped (that site
 is not openly licensed). A Wikidata wreck with the same name within 3 km of an
 EMODnet wreck is merged into one record that keeps the article link and takes
 EMODnet's year, sinking text, depth and position accuracy. Only ship columns are
diff --git a/server/providers/shipwrecks.js b/server/providers/shipwrecks.js
index 44491209d..464dd67de 100644
--- a/server/providers/shipwrecks.js
+++ b/server/providers/shipwrecks.js
@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@ import { clientKey, makeRateLimiter } from './common/rate-limit.js';
 const MIB = 1024 * 1024;
 /** EMODnet republishes the wreck layer about once a year; Wikidata daily at most. */
 const REFRESH_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
-/** A failed refresh keeps serving the last snapshot this long, marked stale. */
+/** A source's last good records keep being served this long, marked stale. */
 const STALE_MAX_MS = 7 * REFRESH_MS;
+/** After a source fails, it is not asked again for this long. */
+const RETRY_MS = 15 * 60 * 1000;
 // Only the columns the card uses; ship_char/obj_desc histories can name people
 // and are not read beyond a short vessel type.
 const EMODNET_PROPERTIES = [
@@ -48,6 +50,13 @@ export function shipwrecksProxy({
   fetchImpl = (...args) => globalThis.fetch(...args),
   now = () => Date.now(),
 } = {}) {
+  // Each source keeps its last good records on its own, so one failing (or
+  // answering with nothing usable) never removes the other's wrecks or its
+  // own earlier ones. `retryAt` holds a failed source back for RETRY_MS.
+  const sources = {
+    emodnet: { load: fetchEmodnet, good: null, retryAt: 0 },
+    wikidata: { load: fetchWikidata, good: null, retryAt: 0 },
+  };
   let snapshot = null;
   const inFlight = new Map();
   const allow = makeRateLimiter({ windowMs: 60_000, max: 30, globalMax: 600 });
@@ -75,43 +84,77 @@ export function shipwrecksProxy({
   }
 
   async function fetchWikidata() {
-    return normalizeWikidataResults(await upstreamJson(WIKIDATA_URL, 16 * MIB));
+    const payload = await upstreamJson(WIKIDATA_URL, 16 * MIB);
+    if (!Array.isArray(payload?.results?.bindings))
+      throw new Error('invalid_wikidata_results');
+    const records = normalizeWikidataResults(payload);
+    // Wikidata lists over a thousand wrecks; none at all is a broken answer.
+    if (!records.length) throw new Error('invalid_wikidata_results');
+    return records;
   }
 
-  /** One source failing still serves the other; both failing is an error. */
-  async function load() {
-    const [emodnet, wikidata] = await Promise.allSettled([
-      fetchEmodnet(),
-      fetchWikidata(),
-    ]);
-    if (emodnet.status === 'rejected' && wikidata.status === 'rejected')
-      throw new Error('shipwrecks_unavailable');
-    const records = mergeShipwreckRecords(
-      emodnet.status === 'fulfilled' ? emodnet.value : [],
-      wikidata.status === 'fulfilled' ? wikidata.value : [],
+  const fresh = (state, at) =>
+    state.good !== null && at - state.good.fetchedAt < REFRESH_MS;
+  const usable = (state, at) =>
+    state.good !== null && at - state.good.fetchedAt <= STALE_MAX_MS;
+  const due = (state, at) => !fresh(state, at) && at >= state.retryAt;
+
+  /** Refresh the sources that are due; failures keep their last good records. */
+  async function refresh() {
+    const at = now();
+    const names = Object.keys(sources).filter((name) => due(sources[name], at));
+    const results = await Promise.allSettled(
+      names.map((name) => sources[name].load()),
     );
+    const done = now();
+    results.forEach((result, i) => {
+      const state = sources[names[i]];
+      if (result.status === 'fulfilled')
+        state.good = { records: result.value, fetchedAt: done };
+      else state.retryAt = done + RETRY_MS;
+    });
+  }
+
+  /** The served snapshot: every source with usable records, merged once. */
+  function compose(at) {
+    const sourceFlags = {};
+    let stale = false;
+    let fetchedAt = null;
+    for (const [name, state] of Object.entries(sources)) {
+      sourceFlags[name] = usable(state, at);
+      if (!sourceFlags[name]) continue;
+      if (!fresh(state, at)) stale = true;
+      fetchedAt = Math.min(fetchedAt ?? Infinity, state.good.fetchedAt);
+    }
+    if (!sourceFlags.emodnet && !sourceFlags.wikidata) return null;
+    const key = `${sourceFlags.emodnet && sources.emodnet.good.fetchedAt}:${
+      sourceFlags.wikidata && sources.wikidata.good.fetchedAt
+    }`;
+    if (snapshot?.key !== key) {
+      // The merge writes EMODnet facts into Wikidata records: work on copies
+      // so a source's kept records stay as fetched.
+      const copy = (name) =>
+        sourceFlags[name]
+          ? sources[name].good.records.map((record) => ({ ...record }))
+          : [];
+      snapshot = {
+        key,
+        records: mergeShipwreckRecords(copy('emodnet'), copy('wikidata')),
+      };
+    }
     return {
-      fetchedAt: now(),
-      sources: {
-        emodnet: emodnet.status === 'fulfilled',
-        wikidata: wikidata.status === 'fulfilled',
-      },
-      records,
+      value: { fetchedAt, sources: sourceFlags, records: snapshot.records },
+      stale,
     };
   }
 
   async function acquire() {
-    if (snapshot && now() - snapshot.fetchedAt < REFRESH_MS)
-      return { value: snapshot, stale: false };
-    try {
-      const { promise } = coalesceProxyRequest(inFlight, 'snapshot', load);
-      snapshot = await promise;
-      return { value: snapshot, stale: false };
-    } catch (error) {
-      if (snapshot && now() - snapshot.fetchedAt <= STALE_MAX_MS)
-        return { value: snapshot, stale: true };
-      throw error;
-    }
+    const at = now();
+    if (Object.values(sources).some((state) => due(state, at)))
+      await coalesceProxyRequest(inFlight, 'refresh', refresh).promise;
+    const composed = compose(now());
+    if (!composed) throw new Error('shipwrecks_unavailable');
+    return composed;
   }
 
   async function handler(req, res) {
diff --git a/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs b/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs
index 45e6b6973..17818a133 100644
--- a/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs
@@ -14,23 +14,55 @@ const EMODNET = {
   ],
 };
 
+const WIKIDATA = {
+  results: {
+    bindings: [
+      {
+        item: { value: 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q25173' },
+        itemLabel: { value: 'Titanic' },
+        coord: { value: 'Point(-49.9469 41.7325)' },
+      },
+    ],
+  },
+};
+
+/**
+ * Upstream fake. Each source answers 'ok', 'down' (HTTP 503) or 'malformed'
+ * (HTTP 200 with a body that is not that source's data); change `state` to
+ * switch between requests.
+ */
 function fakeFetch({ wikidataFails = false, emodnetFails = false } = {}) {
   const calls = [];
+  const state = {
+    emodnet: emodnetFails ? 'down' : 'ok',
+    wikidata: wikidataFails ? 'down' : 'ok',
+  };
   const fetchImpl = async (url, options) => {
     calls.push({ url: String(url), options });
     const href = String(url);
-    if (href.includes('query.wikidata.org')) {
-      if (wikidataFails) return new Response('', { status: 503 });
-      return Response.json({ results: { bindings: [] } });
-    }
-    if (emodnetFails) return new Response('', { status: 503 });
-    if (href.includes('ows.emodnet-humanactivities.eu'))
-      return Response.json(EMODNET);
-    return new Response('', { status: 404 });
+    const name = href.includes('query.wikidata.org')
+      ? 'wikidata'
+      : href.includes('ows.emodnet-humanactivities.eu')
+        ? 'emodnet'
+        : null;
+    if (!name) return new Response('', { status: 404 });
+    if (state[name] === 'down') return new Response('', { status: 503 });
+    if (state[name] === 'malformed') return Response.json({});
+    return Response.json(name === 'wikidata' ? WIKIDATA : EMODNET);
   };
-  return { fetchImpl, calls };
+  const callsTo = (name) =>
+    calls.filter(({ url }) =>
+      url.includes(
+        name === 'wikidata'
+          ? 'query.wikidata.org'
+          : 'ows.emodnet-humanactivities',
+      ),
+    ).length;
+  return { fetchImpl, calls, state, callsTo };
 }
 
+const HOUR = 60 * 60 * 1000;
+
 function handlerOf(plugin) {
   let handler;
   plugin.configureServer({
@@ -67,9 +99,9 @@ test('serves one cached snapshot from fixed upstreams', async () => {
   const handler = handlerOf(shipwrecksProxy({ fetchImpl }));
   const first = await request(handler);
   assert.equal(first.status, 200);
-  assert.equal(first.body.records.length, 1);
-  assert.equal(first.body.records[0].name, 'HMS/m A1');
-  assert.equal(first.body.records[0].year, 1911);
+  assert.equal(first.body.records.length, 2);
+  const a1 = first.body.records.find((record) => record.name === 'HMS/m A1');
+  assert.equal(a1.year, 1911);
   assert.deepEqual(first.body.sources, { emodnet: true, wikidata: true });
   for (const { url } of calls)
     assert.match(
@@ -130,3 +162,101 @@ test('rejects other methods and routes', async () => {
   assert.equal((await request(handler, { method: 'POST' })).status, 405);
   assert.equal((await request(handler, { url: '/x' })).status, 404);
 });
+
+test("a refresh that gets nothing usable keeps every source's last good wrecks", async () => {
+  let clock = 0;
+  const upstream = fakeFetch();
+  const handler = handlerOf(
+    shipwrecksProxy({ fetchImpl: upstream.fetchImpl, now: () => clock }),
+  );
+  const first = await request(handler);
+  assert.equal(first.body.records.length, 2);
+  // A day later EMODnet is down and Wikidata answers 200 with no results.
+  upstream.state.emodnet = 'down';
+  upstream.state.wikidata = 'malformed';
+  clock = 25 * HOUR;
+  const later = await request(handler);
+  assert.equal(later.status, 200);
+  assert.equal(later.body.records.length, 2, 'no wreck is lost');
+  assert.deepEqual(later.body.sources, { emodnet: true, wikidata: true });
+  assert.equal(later.body.stale, true);
+  assert.equal(later.body.fetchedAt, 0, 'the age of the oldest data served');
+});
+
+test('one source failing keeps its own last records while the other refreshes', async () => {
+  let clock = 0;
+  const upstream = fakeFetch();
+  const handler = handlerOf(
+    shipwrecksProxy({ fetchImpl: upstream.fetchImpl, now: () => clock }),
+  );
+  await request(handler);
+  upstream.state.wikidata = 'down';
+  clock = 25 * HOUR;
+  const later = await request(handler);
+  assert.equal(later.body.records.length, 2);
+  assert.deepEqual(later.body.sources, { emodnet: true, wikidata: true });
+  assert.equal(later.body.stale, true);
+  assert.equal(upstream.callsTo('emodnet'), 2, 'EMODnet was refreshed');
+});
+
+test('a failed source waits before it is asked again', async () => {
+  let clock = 0;
+  const upstream = fakeFetch();
+  const handler = handlerOf(
+    shipwrecksProxy({ fetchImpl: upstream.fetchImpl, now: () => clock }),
+  );
+  await request(handler);
+  upstream.state.emodnet = 'down';
+  upstream.state.wikidata = 'down';
+  clock = 25 * HOUR;
+  await request(handler);
+  const asked = upstream.calls.length;
+  for (let i = 0; i < 10; i += 1) {
+    clock += 60 * 1000;
+    const res = await request(handler);
+    assert.equal(res.status, 200);
+    assert.equal(res.body.stale, true);
+  }
+  assert.equal(upstream.calls.length, asked, 'no upstream call while waiting');
+  clock = 25 * HOUR + 16 * 60 * 1000;
+  upstream.state.emodnet = 'ok';
+  upstream.state.wikidata = 'ok';
+  const back = await request(handler);
+  assert.equal(
+    upstream.calls.length,
+    asked + 2,
+    'both are retried after the wait',
+  );
+  assert.equal(back.body.stale, undefined);
+});
+
+test('with no data yet, failures are retried only after the wait', async () => {
+  let clock = 0;
+  const upstream = fakeFetch({ emodnetFails: true, wikidataFails: true });
+  const handler = handlerOf(
+    shipwrecksProxy({ fetchImpl: upstream.fetchImpl, now: () => clock }),
+  );
+  assert.equal((await request(handler)).status, 502);
+  const asked = upstream.calls.length;
+  clock += 5 * 60 * 1000;
+  assert.equal((await request(handler)).status, 502);
+  assert.equal(upstream.calls.length, asked);
+  clock += 11 * 60 * 1000;
+  assert.equal((await request(handler)).status, 502);
+  assert.equal(upstream.calls.length, asked * 2);
+});
+
+test('a source older than seven days is no longer served', async () => {
+  let clock = 0;
+  const upstream = fakeFetch();
+  const handler = handlerOf(
+    shipwrecksProxy({ fetchImpl: upstream.fetchImpl, now: () => clock }),
+  );
+  await request(handler);
+  upstream.state.emodnet = 'down';
+  upstream.state.wikidata = 'down';
+  clock = 7 * 24 * HOUR;
+  assert.equal((await request(handler)).status, 200, 'seven days is served');
+  clock = 7 * 24 * HOUR + 16 * 60 * 1000;
+  assert.equal((await request(handler)).status, 502, 'older is dropped');
+});

From 38ba8a3b59c10f72c75e3c0f10d890b7a528fef7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:25:03 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 133/181] perf(shipwrecks): draw the wreck markers from one
 billboard collection, on the wreck, and rebuild them only on new data

- The ~8,000 markers were one Cesium entity each; they are now one
  BillboardCollection (as FIRMS, vessels and wildlife sightings do), ordered
  at the bottom of the shared sprite stack so moving traffic draws over it.
- eyeOffset.z was the death toll in metres, so a 1,500-death wreck's marker
  sat 1.5 km toward the camera and clipped or drifted when close. It is gone;
  markers are added by rising toll, so a bigger toll still draws on top.
- The page asks every 6 h but the proxy changes data at most daily: the proxy
  now sends a version that changes with either source's data, and the layer
  rebuilds only when it does.
- Adds a controller test: enable/disable, teardown, draw order, unchanged
  snapshots, a late response after turning off, and the period closing an
  open card.
---
 scripts/format-scope.json            |   1 +
 server/providers/shipwrecks.js       |   7 +-
 src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs    |   4 +-
 src/data/spriteOrder.js              |   1 +
 src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js       |  84 +++++++----
 src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs | 210 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js      |   2 +
 7 files changed, 275 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs

diff --git a/scripts/format-scope.json b/scripts/format-scope.json
index 0a57436d2..b6d08d904 100644
--- a/scripts/format-scope.json
+++ b/scripts/format-scope.json
@@ -1279,6 +1279,7 @@
   "src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.test.mjs",
   "src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.test.mjs",
   "src/layers/shipwrecks/period.test.mjs",
+  "src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs",
   "src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs",
   "src/app/sourceComposition.js",
   "src/app/sourceComposition.test.mjs",
diff --git a/server/providers/shipwrecks.js b/server/providers/shipwrecks.js
index 464dd67de..e680b18a0 100644
--- a/server/providers/shipwrecks.js
+++ b/server/providers/shipwrecks.js
@@ -143,7 +143,12 @@ export function shipwrecksProxy({
       };
     }
     return {
-      value: { fetchedAt, sources: sourceFlags, records: snapshot.records },
+      value: {
+        fetchedAt,
+        version: key,
+        sources: sourceFlags,
+        records: snapshot.records,
+      },
       stale,
     };
   }
diff --git a/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs b/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs
index 17818a133..309284ebf 100644
--- a/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs
@@ -189,10 +189,12 @@ test('one source failing keeps its own last records while the other refreshes',
   const handler = handlerOf(
     shipwrecksProxy({ fetchImpl: upstream.fetchImpl, now: () => clock }),
   );
-  await request(handler);
+  const first = await request(handler);
+  assert.equal((await request(handler)).body.version, first.body.version);
   upstream.state.wikidata = 'down';
   clock = 25 * HOUR;
   const later = await request(handler);
+  assert.notEqual(later.body.version, first.body.version, 'new EMODnet data');
   assert.equal(later.body.records.length, 2);
   assert.deepEqual(later.body.sources, { emodnet: true, wikidata: true });
   assert.equal(later.body.stale, true);
diff --git a/src/data/spriteOrder.js b/src/data/spriteOrder.js
index 28f83cb4e..68946ed9a 100644
--- a/src/data/spriteOrder.js
+++ b/src/data/spriteOrder.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /** Bottom-to-top order for near-plane-clamped contact sprite collections. */
 export const SPRITE_LAYER_ORDER = Object.freeze([
+  'shipwrecks',
   'cctv',
   'firms',
   'wildlife-sightings',
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
index 21fbb11ed..0d759e709 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
 import { formatNumber, msg, t, tn } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+import {
+  registerSpriteCollection,
+  restoreSpriteOrder,
+  unregisterSpriteCollection,
+} from '../../data/spriteOrder.js';
 import { createHorizonCull } from '../streetLevel/view.js';
 import { ERA_COLORS, ERA_LABELS, describeShipwreck } from './cards.js';
 import { SHIPWRECK_ERAS, eraOf } from './eras.js';
@@ -61,12 +66,19 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
   picking = null,
   pointer = null,
   openExternal = null,
+  // One collection for every wreck marker (thousands of them): far cheaper to
+  // draw and rebuild than an entity each. Tests pass a fake.
+  createMarkers = (scene) =>
+    new Cesium.BillboardCollection({
+      scene,
+      blendOption: Cesium.BlendOption.TRANSLUCENT,
+    }),
 } = {}) {
   if (typeof source?.getSnapshot !== 'function')
     throw new TypeError('Shipwrecks require a snapshot source');
   let _viewer = null;
   let _enabled = false;
-  let _dataSource = null;
+  let _markers = null;
   let _request = null;
   let _records = new Map();
   let _pins = [];
@@ -102,7 +114,8 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
   }
 
   function applyPin(pin) {
-    pin.entity.show = pin.inFront && visible(pin.record);
+    const show = pin.inFront && visible(pin.record);
+    if (pin.billboard.show !== show) pin.billboard.show = show;
   }
 
   /** Re-apply the period to every marker and the open card. */
@@ -118,30 +131,27 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
     _extent = yearExtent(records);
     _range = periodRange(_period, _extent);
     _pins = [];
-    if (!_dataSource) return;
-    _dataSource.entities.suspendEvents();
-    _dataSource.entities.removeAll();
-    for (const record of records) {
+    if (!_markers) return;
+    _markers.removeAll();
+    // Within one collection later markers draw on top: add by rising death
+    // toll so a bigger toll covers smaller neighbours.
+    const ordered = [...records].sort(
+      (a, b) => (a.casualties || 0) - (b.casualties || 0),
+    );
+    for (const record of ordered) {
       const position = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(record.lon, record.lat);
-      const entity = _dataSource.entities.add({
+      const size = markerPixelSize(record.casualties);
+      const billboard = _markers.add({
         id: `${PICK_PREFIX}${record.id}`,
         position,
-        billboard: {
-          image: _images[eraOf(record)],
-          width: markerPixelSize(record.casualties),
-          height: markerPixelSize(record.casualties),
-          heightReference: Cesium.HeightReference.CLAMP_TO_GROUND,
-          disableDepthTestDistance: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
-          // Bigger toll, drawn on top of smaller neighbours.
-          eyeOffset: new Cesium.Cartesian3(
-            0,
-            0,
-            -Math.min(record.casualties || 0, 5000),
-          ),
-        },
+        image: _images[eraOf(record)],
+        width: size,
+        height: size,
+        heightReference: Cesium.HeightReference.CLAMP_TO_GROUND,
+        disableDepthTestDistance: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
       });
       const pin = {
-        entity,
+        billboard,
         record,
         position,
         inFront: true,
@@ -156,7 +166,6 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
       applyPin(pin);
       _pins.push(pin);
     }
-    _dataSource.entities.resumeEvents();
     _horizon.update();
     if (_selectedId && !_records.has(_selectedId)) clearSelection();
     else if (_selectedId) publishCard();
@@ -320,14 +329,16 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
     init(viewer) {
       if (_viewer) throw new Error('Shipwrecks layer is already initialized');
       _viewer = viewer;
-      _dataSource = new Cesium.CustomDataSource(SHIPWRECKS_LAYER_ID);
-      _dataSource.show = false;
-      viewer.dataSources.add(_dataSource);
+      _markers = createMarkers(viewer.scene);
+      _markers.show = false;
+      viewer.scene.primitives.add(_markers);
+      registerSpriteCollection(SHIPWRECKS_LAYER_ID, _markers);
     },
 
     enable() {
       _enabled = true;
-      if (_dataSource) _dataSource.show = true;
+      if (_markers) _markers.show = true;
+      restoreSpriteOrder(_viewer);
       installClickHandler();
       if (_pins.length) _horizon.update();
     },
@@ -336,7 +347,7 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
       _enabled = false;
       _request?.abort();
       _request = null;
-      if (_dataSource) _dataSource.show = false;
+      if (_markers) _markers.show = false;
       removeClickHandler();
       clearSelection();
       _horizon.stop();
@@ -344,7 +355,7 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
     },
 
     async update() {
-      if (!_enabled || !_dataSource) return false;
+      if (!_enabled || !_markers) return false;
       _request?.abort();
       const request = new AbortController();
       _request = request;
@@ -352,6 +363,12 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
         const snapshot = await source.getSnapshot({ signal: request.signal });
         if (request.signal.aborted || _request !== request || !_enabled)
           return false;
+        // The page checks every 6 h; the proxy refreshes once a day. Only a
+        // new snapshot rebuilds the markers.
+        const unchanged =
+          snapshot.version !== null &&
+          snapshot.version === _snapshot?.version &&
+          _pins.length > 0;
         _snapshot = snapshot;
         _lastError =
           snapshot.sources.emodnet && snapshot.sources.wikidata
@@ -359,7 +376,7 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
             : snapshot.sources.emodnet
               ? msg('Wikidata unavailable; showing EMODnet only')
               : msg('EMODnet unavailable; showing Wikidata only');
-        rebuild(snapshot.records);
+        if (!unchanged) rebuild(snapshot.records);
         notifyRow();
         return true;
       } catch (error) {
@@ -376,9 +393,12 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
 
     destroy(viewer = _viewer) {
       layer.disable();
-      if (_dataSource) {
-        viewer?.dataSources?.remove(_dataSource, true);
-        _dataSource = null;
+      if (_markers) {
+        unregisterSpriteCollection(SHIPWRECKS_LAYER_ID, _markers);
+        const primitives = viewer?.scene?.primitives;
+        if (primitives && !primitives.isDestroyed?.())
+          primitives.remove(_markers);
+        _markers = null;
       }
       _records = new Map();
       _pins = [];
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e42dfd7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import * as picking from '../../data/pickRegistry.js';
+import { createShipwrecksLayer, markerPixelSize } from './index.js';
+
+const wreck = (id, extra = {}) => ({
+  id,
+  source: 'wikidata',
+  name: id,
+  lat: 50,
+  lon: -1,
+  year: 1912,
+  date: null,
+  casualties: null,
+  ...extra,
+});
+
+const snapshot = (records, version = 'v1') => ({
+  records,
+  fetchedAt: 1,
+  stale: false,
+  version,
+  sources: { emodnet: true, wikidata: true },
+});
+
+function deferred() {
+  let resolve;
+  const promise = new Promise((done) => {
+    resolve = done;
+  });
+  return { promise, resolve };
+}
+
+/** A fake billboard collection that records what the layer adds. */
+function fakeMarkers() {
+  const collection = {
+    show: true,
+    billboards: [],
+    rebuilds: 0,
+    add(options) {
+      const billboard = { show: true, ...options };
+      collection.billboards.push(billboard);
+      return billboard;
+    },
+    removeAll() {
+      collection.rebuilds++;
+      collection.billboards = [];
+    },
+  };
+  return collection;
+}
+
+function harness({ snapshots } = {}) {
+  const markers = fakeMarkers();
+  const primitives = [];
+  const cards = [];
+  const handlers = [];
+  const opened = [];
+  let pickResult = null;
+  const viewer = {
+    camera: { positionWC: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-1, 50, 2e6) },
+    scene: {
+      canvas: {},
+      requestRender() {},
+      pick: () => pickResult,
+      preRender: { addEventListener: () => () => {} },
+      primitives: {
+        add: (primitive) => primitives.push(primitive),
+        remove: (primitive) =>
+          primitives.splice(primitives.indexOf(primitive), 1),
+        raiseToTop() {},
+        contains: (primitive) => primitives.includes(primitive),
+      },
+    },
+  };
+  const queue = [...(snapshots || [])];
+  const requests = [];
+  const layer = createShipwrecksLayer({
+    source: {
+      getSnapshot({ signal }) {
+        requests.push(signal);
+        const next = queue.shift();
+        return next instanceof Promise ? next : Promise.resolve(next);
+      },
+    },
+    createMarkers: () => markers,
+    overlayHost: {
+      setEntries: (_source, entries) => cards.push(entries),
+      setVisible() {},
+      hitTest: () => null,
+    },
+    screenSpaceEventHandlerFactory: () => {
+      const handler = {
+        setInputAction(callback) {
+          handler.click = callback;
+        },
+        destroy() {
+          handler.destroyed = true;
+        },
+      };
+      handlers.push(handler);
+      return handler;
+    },
+    picking,
+    pointer: { isPointerFree: () => true },
+    openExternal: (url) => opened.push(url),
+  });
+  layer.init(viewer);
+  return {
+    layer,
+    markers,
+    primitives,
+    cards,
+    handlers,
+    requests,
+    opened,
+    pick(id) {
+      pickResult = id ? { id: `shipwreck:${id}` } : null;
+    },
+    lastCard: () => cards.at(-1),
+  };
+}
+
+test('markers live in one collection, shown only while the layer is on', async () => {
+  const h = harness({ snapshots: [snapshot([wreck('a'), wreck('b')])] });
+  assert.deepEqual(h.primitives, [h.markers]);
+  assert.equal(h.markers.show, false);
+  h.layer.enable();
+  assert.equal(h.markers.show, true);
+  assert.equal(await h.layer.update(), true);
+  assert.equal(h.markers.billboards.length, 2);
+  assert.equal(h.layer.getStats().count, 2);
+  h.layer.disable();
+  assert.equal(h.markers.show, false);
+  assert.equal(h.handlers[0].destroyed, true);
+  h.layer.destroy();
+  assert.deepEqual(h.primitives, [], 'the collection leaves the scene');
+});
+
+test('markers sit on the wreck: no eye offset, bigger toll drawn last', async () => {
+  const h = harness({
+    snapshots: [
+      snapshot([
+        wreck('big', { casualties: 1500 }),
+        wreck('none'),
+        wreck('small', { casualties: 3 }),
+      ]),
+    ],
+  });
+  h.layer.enable();
+  await h.layer.update();
+  const ids = h.markers.billboards.map((billboard) => billboard.id);
+  assert.deepEqual(ids, ['shipwreck:none', 'shipwreck:small', 'shipwreck:big']);
+  for (const billboard of h.markers.billboards)
+    assert.equal(billboard.eyeOffset, undefined);
+  assert.equal(h.markers.billboards[2].width, markerPixelSize(1500));
+});
+
+test('an unchanged snapshot does not rebuild the markers', async () => {
+  const records = [wreck('a')];
+  const h = harness({
+    snapshots: [
+      snapshot(records, 'v1'),
+      snapshot(records, 'v1'),
+      snapshot([wreck('a'), wreck('b')], 'v2'),
+    ],
+  });
+  h.layer.enable();
+  await h.layer.update();
+  await h.layer.update();
+  assert.equal(h.markers.rebuilds, 1);
+  await h.layer.update();
+  assert.equal(h.markers.rebuilds, 2);
+  assert.equal(h.markers.billboards.length, 2);
+});
+
+test('a response that arrives after the layer is turned off is ignored', async () => {
+  const late = deferred();
+  const h = harness({ snapshots: [late.promise] });
+  h.layer.enable();
+  const pending = h.layer.update();
+  h.layer.disable();
+  assert.equal(h.requests[0].aborted, true);
+  late.resolve(snapshot([wreck('a')]));
+  assert.equal(await pending, false);
+  assert.equal(h.markers.billboards.length, 0);
+});
+
+test('a click opens the card; a period that excludes the wreck closes it', async () => {
+  const h = harness({
+    snapshots: [
+      snapshot([wreck('old', { year: 1850 }), wreck('new', { year: 1990 })]),
+    ],
+  });
+  h.layer.enable();
+  await h.layer.update();
+  h.pick('old');
+  h.handlers[0].click({ position: { x: 1, y: 1 } });
+  const [card] = h.lastCard();
+  assert.equal(card.id, 'shipwreck-card:old');
+  h.layer.setParams({ from: 1900, to: 1990 });
+  assert.deepEqual(h.lastCard(), [], 'the hidden wreck loses its card');
+  const shown = h.markers.billboards.filter((billboard) => billboard.show);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    shown.map((billboard) => billboard.id),
+    ['shipwreck:new'],
+  );
+  assert.equal(h.layer.getStats().count, 1);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js
index 49f75b526..7aaaa49b7 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ export function createShipwrecksSource({
           ? payload.fetchedAt
           : null,
         stale: payload.stale === true,
+        // Changes whenever either source's data does; null from an older proxy.
+        version: typeof payload.version === 'string' ? payload.version : null,
         sources: {
           emodnet: payload.sources?.emodnet !== false,
           wikidata: payload.sources?.wikidata !== false,

From 0ac06dad2d6f7c04145cd3153f6d1bda94b02c36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:25:25 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 134/181] fix(shipwrecks): a reversed period is stored in the
 order the picker shows it, so changing one end keeps the other
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

A period set as 1950 to 1900 (a link or the voice tool) showed as 1900–1950
but stayed reversed, so changing "From" to 1920 gave 1920 to 1900, shown as
1900–1920: the end the reader did not touch moved.
---
 src/layers/shipwrecks/period.js       |  6 +++++-
 src/layers/shipwrecks/period.test.mjs | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/period.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/period.js
index f0cfa26e2..33b7885db 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/period.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/period.js
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ function yearParam(value) {
 /**
  * Merge a (partial) period request into the current one. `from: null` means
  * the first year in the data and `to: null` the latest; an invalid year keeps
- * the current one.
+ * the current one, and a start after the end is stored as the reverse.
  * @param {{from?: number|string|null, to?: number|string|null}} params
  * @param {{from: number|null, to: number|null}} current
  * @returns {{from: number|null, to: number|null}}
@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@ export function normalizePeriod(
     const year = yearParam(params[end]);
     if (year !== undefined) next[end] = year;
   }
+  // Stored in the order it is shown, so a later edit to one end (the picker
+  // sends only that end) changes the end the reader picked, not the other.
+  if (Number.isInteger(next.from) && Number.isInteger(next.to))
+    if (next.from > next.to) [next.from, next.to] = [next.to, next.from];
   return next;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/period.test.mjs b/src/layers/shipwrecks/period.test.mjs
index 7839a2840..80c9eb866 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/period.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/period.test.mjs
@@ -36,3 +36,23 @@ test('all years show every wreck; a narrower period hides undated ones', () => {
   assert.deepEqual(reversed, { from: 1900, to: 1950, all: false });
   assert.equal(inPeriod(RECORDS[1], reversed), true);
 });
+
+test('a reversed period is stored as shown, so editing one end keeps the other', () => {
+  const reversed = normalizePeriod({ from: 1950, to: 1900 });
+  assert.deepEqual(reversed, { from: 1900, to: 1950 });
+  // The picker shows 1900–1950; the reader changes "From" to 1920.
+  assert.deepEqual(normalizePeriod({ from: 1920 }, reversed), {
+    from: 1920,
+    to: 1950,
+  });
+  // Moving "From" past "To" reads as the reverse, never an empty range.
+  assert.deepEqual(normalizePeriod({ from: 1960 }, { from: 1900, to: 1950 }), {
+    from: 1950,
+    to: 1960,
+  });
+  // One open end stays open.
+  assert.deepEqual(normalizePeriod({ from: 1960 }, { from: null, to: null }), {
+    from: 1960,
+    to: null,
+  });
+});

From 32e576895434ac1d92eecb6a27e4e0c00b9c03c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:26:23 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 135/181] fix(shipwrecks): take the shipwreck modules out of
 the GhostMaps package lists

They were listed as owned by the ghostmaps and ghostmaps-source packages,
which they are not part of; ghostmaps-source is meant to stay free of
rendering code, and shipwrecks/index.js imports Cesium. The app groups that
own every layer keep them.
---
 scripts/package-boundaries.json | 14 --------------
 1 file changed, 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index 6a549c151..d7f54fdf5 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -4884,13 +4884,6 @@
       "src/layers/ghostMaps/records.js",
       "src/layers/ghostMaps/kml.js",
       "src/layers/ghostMaps/source.js",
-      "src/app/layers/shipwrecks.js",
-      "src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js",
-      "src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js",
-      "src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js",
-      "src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js",
-      "src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js",
-      "src/layers/shipwrecks/period.js",
       "src/sources/httpBody.js",
       "src/data/geoFileImport.js",
       "src/i18n/marker.js",
@@ -4918,13 +4911,6 @@
     "exports": ["./layers/ghostmaps/source"],
     "modules": [
       "src/layers/ghostMaps/source.js",
-      "src/app/layers/shipwrecks.js",
-      "src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js",
-      "src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js",
-      "src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js",
-      "src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js",
-      "src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.js",
-      "src/layers/shipwrecks/period.js",
       "src/layers/ghostMaps/catalog.js",
       "src/sources/httpBody.js",
       "src/i18n/marker.js"

From dd731a5da9805fb0eb3a18bc2d8fd3e940a48d5f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:27:26 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 136/181] docs(shipwrecks): describe the layer on its own, not
 by a layer that is not on main

Air accidents (#1584) is not merged, so comments, the changelog fragment and
CURRENT-STATE no longer explain the shipwrecks markers, card and picker by
it; the row-range test fixture is the shipwrecks row. CURRENT-STATE now says
the markers are one billboard collection and the period is stored swapped.
---
 changelog.d/1583-shipwrecks.md       |  2 +-
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                | 13 +++++++------
 src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js       |  3 +--
 src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js       |  5 ++---
 src/ui/layerPanel/RowRange.vue       |  2 +-
 src/ui/layerPanel/layerRows.test.mjs |  6 +++---
 src/ui/styles/radio.css              |  2 +-
 7 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changelog.d/1583-shipwrecks.md b/changelog.d/1583-shipwrecks.md
index 06a2775c1..20bce77ca 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1583-shipwrecks.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1583-shipwrecks.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 - New Shipwrecks layer (Events): about 8,000 wrecks from EMODnet (CC BY 4.0)
   and Wikidata (CC0). Each has a card with deaths, date, vessel, cause, depth,
   position quality and a source link. Markers grow with the death toll, and
-  the same period picker as air accidents filters by year (IMBrandao, #1583).
+  a start and end year picker filters by period (IMBrandao, #1583).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 64e0aac63..506cdeef7 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -170,14 +170,15 @@ read: EMODnet's long histories (`ship_char`, `obj_desc`) are not, and any
 sinking or cargo text that names a person (owner, master, a diver who reported
 it) is dropped whole; deaths appear only as a Wikidata count.
 
-The globe draws a round marker with a hull and mast per wreck, ground-clamped
-with the depth test off and the horizon cull GhostMaps uses, sized by deaths as
-on Air accidents and coloured by era (a legend under the row): before 1900
+The globe draws a round marker with a hull and mast per wreck, all in one
+billboard collection, ground-clamped with the depth test off and the horizon
+cull GhostMaps uses, sized by deaths (a bigger toll draws on top) and coloured
+by era (a legend under the row): before 1900
 (ancient wrecks dated only by period count here), 1900–1945, after 1945, and
 date unknown. A period filter under the row picks a start year and an end year
-side by side, the same control as Air accidents (two pickers over the years in
-the data; a reversed pair is swapped); undated wrecks show only when every year
-is selected. The filter is session-only (not in the share link). Clicking a marker opens a `stateless` card laid out like the air-accident card: deaths and
+side by side (two pickers over the years in the data; a reversed pair is
+stored swapped); undated wrecks show only when every year
+is selected. The filter is session-only (not in the share link). Clicking a marker opens a `stateless` card: deaths and
 survivors first, then the sinking date or year (or the archaeological dating) and
 waters, vessel type, what happened,
 least depth and its quality, how well the position is known, period notes or
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js
index 251530b96..633afcf7a 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js
@@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ export function cardLink(record) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Title and detail lines for one wreck card, laid out like the air-accident
- * card: deaths first, then when and where, then the ship facts. Only facts
+ * Title and detail lines for one wreck card: deaths first, then when and where, then the ship facts. Only facts
  * about the ship: the records carry no names of people, and victims appear as
  * a count only.
  * @param {object} record A normalized shipwreck record.
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
index 0d759e709..285881743 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
@@ -30,8 +30,7 @@ const CARD_HOST_OPTIONS = Object.freeze({
 });
 const MAX_CARD_LINES = 14;
 /**
- * Marker size in pixels: grows with the death toll, as on the air-accidents
- * layer, from 16 px (no deaths known) to 36 px (about a thousand or more).
+ * Marker size in pixels: grows with the death toll, from 16 px (no deaths known) to 36 px (about a thousand or more).
  */
 export function markerPixelSize(casualties) {
   const n = Number.isFinite(casualties) && casualties > 0 ? casualties : 0;
@@ -285,7 +284,7 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
     return count;
   }
 
-  /** The start and end year pickers, side by side, as on Air accidents. */
+  /** The start and end year pickers, side by side. */
   function periodControls() {
     if (!_extent || _extent.min === _extent.max) return {};
     const range = periodRange(_period, _extent);
diff --git a/src/ui/layerPanel/RowRange.vue b/src/ui/layerPanel/RowRange.vue
index 2843f7103..06b8586e1 100644
--- a/src/ui/layerPanel/RowRange.vue
+++ b/src/ui/layerPanel/RowRange.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <script setup>
-// A row's start and end pickers on one line (e.g. the Air Accidents period).
+// A row's start and end pickers on one line (e.g. the Shipwrecks period).
 // Both ends share one option list; `onSelect` reports which end moved
 // ('from' or 'to') and the chosen option value.
 defineProps({
diff --git a/src/ui/layerPanel/layerRows.test.mjs b/src/ui/layerPanel/layerRows.test.mjs
index b0ccb178e..a95adff12 100644
--- a/src/ui/layerPanel/layerRows.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/layerPanel/layerRows.test.mjs
@@ -166,8 +166,8 @@ test('a row range renders start and end pickers and reports which end moved', ()
   const picks = [];
   const item = {
     ...row(false),
-    key: 'air-accidents',
-    id: 'air-accidents',
+    key: 'shipwrecks',
+    id: 'shipwrecks',
     controls: {
       hidden: false,
       chips: [],
@@ -215,6 +215,6 @@ test('a row range renders start and end pickers and reports which end moved', ()
   );
   to.value = '2007';
   to.dispatchEvent(new Event('change', { bubbles: true }));
-  assert.deepEqual(picks, [['air-accidents', 'period', 'to', '2007']]);
+  assert.deepEqual(picks, [['shipwrecks', 'period', 'to', '2007']]);
   render(null, container);
 });
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/radio.css b/src/ui/styles/radio.css
index b69c18024..8dfea9ff2 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/radio.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/radio.css
@@ -1067,7 +1067,7 @@ html:not([lang='en']) .data-row-list-text {
   letter-spacing: 0.8px;
 }
 
-/* Optional start and end pickers on one line (Air Accidents period). The
+/* Optional start and end pickers on one line (e.g. a layer's period). The
    shared field style paints each select. */
 .data-toggle-range {
   flex-basis: 100%;

From 6c4c5dd04165bafff2659f9a8b15ca98fe327000 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:27:59 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 137/181] docs(shipwrecks): say the personal-text filter is a
 keyword filter, not a guarantee that no name is shown

DATA_SOURCES and CURRENT-STATE said text naming people is dropped. The filter
drops text with a title or role word (Mr, captain, owner, crew, reported by);
a bare name with none of them still passes. The docs and the code comment
now say so.
---
 DATA_SOURCES.md                  | 2 +-
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md            | 8 +++++---
 src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js | 6 ++++--
 3 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/DATA_SOURCES.md b/DATA_SOURCES.md
index 6af7dc4e7..f70a26c0e 100644
--- a/DATA_SOURCES.md
+++ b/DATA_SOURCES.md
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ How to read this:
 | **NASA GIBS** (WMTS tiles + Worldview Snapshots) and **NASA CMR** (granule catalog) | Recent Imagery layer: HLS S30/L30 (Sentinel-2, Landsat 8/9) and VIIRS true-colour tiles draped on the map, per-day thumbnails and PNG exports; the HLS granule catalog (dates, cloud, footprints) for a selected box | U.S. public domain (NASA data); keyless, browser-direct (CORS `*`); no bulk use — one 30-day catalog query per box, tiles bounded to the box, six tile requests in flight | "We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS)." — [gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov](https://gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov), [HLS](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/hlss30v002/) |
 | **NIFC WFIGS** (Wildland Fire Interagency Geospatial Services, ArcGIS feature service) | Fire Perimeters layer: current interagency wildfire incident perimeters, containment, and incident facts | U.S. public domain (interagency wildland-fire data published through the [NIFC Open Data portal](https://data-nifc.opendata.arcgis.com/)); fetched keyless through `/api/fire-perimeters` (5-minute server cache) with `exceededTransferLimit` paging | "Wildfire perimeters: National Interagency Fire Center (WFIGS)" |
 | **S2 Underground GhostMaps** (`github.com/s2underground/GhostMaps`) | S2 GhostMaps layer: the current edition of S2's KMZ intel products (Common Intelligence Picture, 30-day kinetic pull, Border Crisis Map, Iran and Yemen products, newest incident drop). Keyless. `/api/ghostmaps` reads the branch head from git's ref advertisement every 15 s (`GHOSTMAPS_POLL_SECONDS`, minimum 5 s), lists the tree through the GitHub REST API only when the head changes (optional `GITHUB_TOKEN`), downloads files by commit-pinned raw URLs into `.gev-cache/ghostmaps/` and pushes new catalogs to browsers over server-sent events | [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) (repository README: "S2 Underground © 2025 by S2A1"); non-commercial, attribution required; files are fetched at runtime, never stored in this repository | "S2 GhostMaps intel products: S2 Underground © by S2A1, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0" — shown in-app |
-| **EMODnet Human Activities — Ship wrecks** (`ows.emodnet-humanactivities.eu/wfs`, layer `emodnet:heritageshipwrecks`) | Shipwrecks layer: about 7,000 wrecks in European waters (name, sinking year and text, vessel type, least depth and its quality, position accuracy, period, cargo, protected status). Keyless WFS GeoJSON, fetched by `/api/shipwrecks` once a day; rows sourced from wrecksite.eu are skipped and text naming people is dropped | [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) (EMODnet catalogue record `e965088b-a265-4517-84df-c49b156af8a7`; data originator AND-International, compiled from SHOM, National Monuments Service, Historic England and the Oxford Roman Economy Project); fetched at runtime, not stored in this repository | "Shipwrecks (Europe): EMODnet Human Activities (data originator AND-International, …), CC BY 4.0" — shown in-app |
+| **EMODnet Human Activities — Ship wrecks** (`ows.emodnet-humanactivities.eu/wfs`, layer `emodnet:heritageshipwrecks`) | Shipwrecks layer: about 7,000 wrecks in European waters (name, sinking year and text, vessel type, least depth and its quality, position accuracy, period, cargo, protected status). Keyless WFS GeoJSON, fetched by `/api/shipwrecks` once a day; rows sourced from wrecksite.eu are skipped, and free text that refers to a person by a title or role is dropped by a keyword filter (a bare name can still pass) | [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) (EMODnet catalogue record `e965088b-a265-4517-84df-c49b156af8a7`; data originator AND-International, compiled from SHOM, National Monuments Service, Historic England and the Oxford Roman Economy Project); fetched at runtime, not stored in this repository | "Shipwrecks (Europe): EMODnet Human Activities (data originator AND-International, …), CC BY 4.0" — shown in-app |
 | **Wikidata — shipwrecks** (`query.wikidata.org/sparql`) | Shipwrecks layer: shipwreck items (Q852190) with a coordinate and at least one Wikipedia article, plus sinking events (Q906512, where the death toll lives): name, ship type, sinking date with its precision, deaths and survivors (counts only), description and article link. Keyless, fetched by `/api/shipwrecks` once a day | [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/); fetched at runtime | "Shipwrecks (worldwide): Wikidata (CC0)" — shown in-app |
 | **InciWeb** (inciweb.wildfire.gov)                                    | Per-incident "InciWeb ↗" card links to official incident pages (narratives, evacuation/closure notices) | U.S. government public incident information. Links are matched best-effort by incident name and state, with incident page origin and update times checked on selection. Same-origin `/api/fire-perimeters/inciweb` routes cache the catalog for 1 hour and publication metadata for 30 minutes; linked pages remain InciWeb content | "Incident information: InciWeb (inciweb.wildfire.gov)" |
 | **FAA Special Use Airspace** (`services6.arcgis.com` FeatureServer `Special_Use_Airspace`) | Prohibited & Restricted Airspace layer: US prohibited (P) and restricted (R) special-use airspace polygons (not the UAS Facility Map or UAS flight restrictions), altitude limits from the `*_VAL`/`*_UOM`/`*_CODE` fields, times of use, and controlling agency | U.S. public domain (FAA aeronautical data published through the [FAA AIS Open Data portal](https://adds-faa.opendata.arcgis.com/)); fetched keyless through `/api/drone-airspace` (1-hour server cache). Informational only — not a substitute for official UAS flight-planning tools | "Prohibited & restricted airspace: FAA Special Use Airspace" |
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 506cdeef7..6e3797168 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -166,9 +166,11 @@ its earlier records as stale for up to seven days and is not asked again for
 is not openly licensed). A Wikidata wreck with the same name within 3 km of an
 EMODnet wreck is merged into one record that keeps the article link and takes
 EMODnet's year, sinking text, depth and position accuracy. Only ship columns are
-read: EMODnet's long histories (`ship_char`, `obj_desc`) are not, and any
-sinking or cargo text that names a person (owner, master, a diver who reported
-it) is dropped whole; deaths appear only as a Wikidata count.
+read: EMODnet's long histories (`ship_char`, `obj_desc`) are not. Sinking,
+cargo and description text that refers to a person by a title or role (Mr,
+captain, master, owner, crew, "reported by", …) is dropped whole by a keyword
+filter; a bare name with no such word can still pass. Deaths appear only as a
+Wikidata count.
 
 The globe draws a round marker with a hull and mast per wreck, all in one
 billboard collection, ground-clamped with the depth test off and the horizon
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js
index 76fcd53eb..e52e67702 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js
@@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ const MAX_NOTE = 260;
 const SAME_WRECK_KM = 3;
 
 // Free text sometimes names people (owners, masters, divers who reported a
-// wreck). The layer shows ships, never people, so such text is dropped whole.
+// wreck). The layer is about ships, so text that refers to a person by a title
+// or role is dropped whole. This is a keyword filter: a bare name with none of
+// these words still passes.
 const PERSON_TEXT =
   /\b(mr|mrs|ms|dr|capt|captain|master|skipper|owner|owned|crew|body|bodies|drowned|reported by|according to)\b/i;
 
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ function clean(value, max = MAX_TEXT) {
   return text.length > max ? `${text.slice(0, max - 1).trimEnd()}…` : text;
 }
 
-/** Free text with no personal names in it, or null. */
+/** Free text with none of the person keywords in it, or null. */
 function impersonalText(value, max) {
   const text = clean(value, max);
   return text && !PERSON_TEXT.test(text) ? text : null;

From 16b1bc7b74f23d5c68abdd5ab065a39eb979de20 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mazeyar Moeini Feizabadi <mazy.moeini@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 22:28:08 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 138/181] feat(news): larger markers, and a country's own news
 as one badge with a count

A report placed no closer than a country was a marker at the country's
centre, so a country's news piled there. They are now one disc with the
number of reports, named, and a click opens the Local list over the
country. Markers are 24 px at least: the category icon was unreadable at 16.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.2 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 src/layers/news/index.js       | 78 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs | 43 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/news/model.js       | 30 ++++++++++++-
 src/layers/news/model.test.mjs |  3 ++
 src/layers/news/sprites.js     | 43 +++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 195 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/layers/news/index.js b/src/layers/news/index.js
index 65a653dd7..6749b3501 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/index.js
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ import {
   cardEvents,
   cardView,
   categoryLabel,
+  countryGroups,
+  countryOnly,
   disputedLabel,
   feedCardView,
   feedQueryFor,
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ import {
   visibleOnMap,
   withinNewsWindow,
 } from './model.js';
-import { SPRITE_SCALE, markerSprite } from './sprites.js';
+import { SPRITE_SCALE, countSprite, markerSprite } from './sprites.js';
 import { CARD_H, CARD_W, eventCard } from './cards.js';
 export * from './model.js';
 export { createNewsSource } from './source.js';
@@ -117,6 +119,9 @@ const REPORT_PREFIX = `${NEWS_PICK_PREFIX}report:`;
 const HOTSPOT_PREFIX = `${NEWS_PICK_PREFIX}hotspot:`;
 const DEVELOPING_PREFIX = `${NEWS_PICK_PREFIX}developing:`;
 const LOCAL_PREFIX = `${NEWS_PICK_PREFIX}local:`;
+const COUNTRY_PREFIX = `${NEWS_PICK_PREFIX}country:`;
+// A country badge carries a number: large enough to read two digits.
+const COUNTRY_BADGE_PX = 34;
 // Outlines in GEV's own colours, apart from the severity ramp: hotspots in
 // the accent, developing places in its lighter tint, disputed areas dotted
 // in the primary text colour, the Local section's area a faint line of it.
@@ -222,6 +227,8 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     selectedPin = 0;
   let shownDetail = null;
   let cullTargets = [];
+  // The country badges drawn, by key: a click opens that country's news.
+  let countryBadges = new Map();
   const contextEntities = new Map();
   // Credits are registered once what they credit first shows; the registry
   // keeps them for the session (as TomTom's) and has no removal.
@@ -492,6 +499,8 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     for (const report of drawn) {
       const isSelected = report.id === selectedId;
       if (!report.pins.length || (!isSelected && !onMap(report))) continue;
+      // A country's own news has no spot: its badge stands for it.
+      if (!isSelected && countryOnly(report)) continue;
       // One marker per pin; the pin index rides on the pick id. Fill is
       // severity, the icon the category, the rim attestation; a marker grows
       // with the sources reporting its event and fades with age. A fresh,
@@ -551,6 +560,59 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
     }
   }
 
+  // News placed no closer than a country: one badge at its centre with the
+  // number of reports, in place of that many markers piled there.
+  function renderCountryBadges(entities, drawn, labels) {
+    countryBadges = new Map();
+    const groups = countryGroups(
+      drawn.filter((r) => r.id !== selectedId && onMap(r)),
+    );
+    for (const group of groups) {
+      countryBadges.set(group.key, group);
+      const position = cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(group.lon, group.lat);
+      const size = COUNTRY_BADGE_PX;
+      const sprite = countSprite(
+        group.count,
+        size * (viewer?.scene?.pixelRatio || 1),
+      );
+      const color = cesium.Color.fromCssColorString(DISPUTED_COLOR);
+      entities.add({
+        id: `${COUNTRY_PREFIX}${group.key}`,
+        position,
+        ...(sprite
+          ? {
+              billboard: {
+                image: sprite,
+                width: Math.round(size * SPRITE_SCALE),
+                height: Math.round(size * SPRITE_SCALE),
+                disableDepthTestDistance: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+              },
+            }
+          : {
+              point: {
+                pixelSize: size,
+                color: color.withAlpha(0.3),
+                outlineColor: color,
+                outlineWidth: 2,
+                disableDepthTestDistance: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+              },
+            }),
+      });
+      labels.push(
+        ambientLabel({
+          id: `country:${group.key}`,
+          position,
+          // The badge carries the count; the label's line stops at its rim.
+          title: group.place,
+          leaderOffsetPx: Math.round((size * SPRITE_SCALE) / 2),
+          accent: DISPUTED_COLOR,
+          priority: 9_000 + group.count,
+          gapPx: size / 2 + 4,
+        }),
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
   // The big events stand as picture cards over their marker, never two on
   // top of each other. The clicked event shows its picture card under its
   // marker, with its text card above.
@@ -693,6 +755,7 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         ? [...shown, current]
         : shown;
     renderMarkers(entities, drawn);
+    renderCountryBadges(entities, drawn, labels);
     if (enabled) creditReports(drawn.filter((r) => r.pins.length && onMap(r)));
     entities.resumeEvents();
     showOutlines(detail);
@@ -1209,6 +1272,19 @@ export function createNewsLayer({
         }
         return;
       }
+      if (typeof id === 'string' && id.startsWith(COUNTRY_PREFIX)) {
+        // The country's news is the Local list with the view over it.
+        const group = countryBadges.get(id.slice(COUNTRY_PREFIX.length));
+        if (!group) return;
+        layer.setParams({ filters: { section: 'local' } });
+        focusRectangle([
+          group.lon - 5,
+          Math.max(-85, group.lat - 3.5),
+          group.lon + 5,
+          Math.min(85, group.lat + 3.5),
+        ]);
+        return;
+      }
       if (typeof id === 'string' && id.startsWith(HOTSPOT_PREFIX)) {
         const hotspotId = id.slice(HOTSPOT_PREFIX.length).split('~')[0];
         // Clicking the hotspot already in focus steps out of a report.
diff --git a/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
index 0c0d60bf6..3a677d4db 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/layer.test.mjs
@@ -841,6 +841,49 @@ test('a failed Conflicts read leaves Local reading with each refresh', async (t)
   assert.equal(view.error, 'News feed unavailable');
 });
 
+test("a country's own news is one badge with a count, not markers piled on its centre", async (t) => {
+  t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
+  const anchor = {
+    lat: 49,
+    lon: 36,
+    place: 'Ukraine',
+    precision: 'country',
+    mappable: true,
+  };
+  const { layer, viewer } = fixture(t, {
+    height: 1_000_000,
+    source: {
+      getFeed: async () => ({
+        reports: [
+          report('own-1', { relevance: 'minor', pins: [anchor] }),
+          report('own-2', { relevance: 'minor', pins: [anchor] }),
+          report('placed', { relevance: 'minor' }),
+        ],
+        nextBefore: null,
+      }),
+    },
+  });
+  const ids = () =>
+    viewer.added[1].entities.values.map((entity) => String(entity.id));
+  layer.enable();
+  await layer.update();
+  layer.setParams({ filters: { section: 'local' } });
+  await flush();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    ids().filter((id) => /~\d+$/.test(id)),
+    ['news:report:placed~0'],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    ids().filter((id) => id.startsWith('news:country:')),
+    ['news:country:Ukraine'],
+  );
+  // Both are still listed, and one picked there gets its own marker.
+  assert.equal(layer.getRowControls().feed.inView.items.length, 3);
+  layer.setParams({ reportId: 'own-1' });
+  await flush();
+  assert.ok(ids().includes('news:report:own-1~0'));
+});
+
 test('Local reports are listed an hour at most while they cannot be read again', async (t) => {
   t.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
   let at = NOW;
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.js b/src/layers/news/model.js
index 22bcf41aa..3f4aafc94 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.js
@@ -404,7 +404,9 @@ export const beaconPixelSize = (last24h) =>
 /** Marker size for an event: grows with the number of distinct sources. */
 export function eventPixelSize(sources = 1) {
   return Math.round(
-    Math.min(30, 16 + 3.5 * Math.log2(Math.max(1, Number(sources) || 1))),
+    // No smaller than 24: the category icon is half the disc and unreadable
+    // below that.
+    Math.min(36, 24 + 3 * Math.log2(Math.max(1, Number(sources) || 1))),
   );
 }
 
@@ -593,6 +595,32 @@ export function feedCardView(report, now = Date.now()) {
   };
 }
 
+/**
+ * Whether a report is placed no closer than a country: it has no spot of its
+ * own on the map.
+ */
+export const countryOnly = (report) =>
+  report.pins?.length > 0 &&
+  report.pins.every((pin) => pin.precision === 'country');
+
+/**
+ * Country-only reports as one group per country, in the order met:
+ * `{key, place, lat, lon, count}`. They are drawn as one badge with a count,
+ * not as markers piled on the country's centre.
+ */
+export function countryGroups(reports) {
+  const groups = new Map();
+  for (const report of reports) {
+    if (!countryOnly(report)) continue;
+    const { lat, lon, place } = report.pins[0];
+    const key = place || `${lat.toFixed(1)},${lon.toFixed(1)}`;
+    const group = groups.get(key);
+    if (group) group.count += 1;
+    else groups.set(key, { key, place: place || '', lat, lon, count: 1 });
+  }
+  return [...groups.values()];
+}
+
 /**
  * Marker position for a report. Many reports name the same city and would
  * stack on one centroid, so each is spread on a small deterministic ring
diff --git a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
index 899c1f3c1..85d1aac76 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/news/model.test.mjs
@@ -519,6 +519,9 @@ test('marker style: severity fill, attestation rim, size by sources, fading with
   assert.equal(fresh.severity, 3); // the event's, when higher than the report's
   assert.equal(fresh.rim, 'claimed');
   assert.equal(fresh.size, eventPixelSize(4));
+  // The icon is half the disc: no marker is too small to read it.
+  assert.equal(eventPixelSize(1), 24);
+  assert.equal(eventPixelSize(1000), 36);
   assert.equal(fresh.alpha, 1);
   assert.equal(markerStyle(r, NOW + 48 * 3_600_000).alpha, 0.45);
   assert.equal(reportSeverity({ category: 'political' }), 0);
diff --git a/src/layers/news/sprites.js b/src/layers/news/sprites.js
index 7c7aa3a0d..6fb047999 100644
--- a/src/layers/news/sprites.js
+++ b/src/layers/news/sprites.js
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ const CANVAS = 64;
 const BODY = 52; // disc diameter inside the canvas; the rest is rim and ring
 const INK = 'rgba(10, 10, 15, 0.92)';
 const SELECTED = '#00d4ff';
+const COUNT_INK = '#e8eaed';
 
 /** Canvas pixels per marker pixel: the billboard is drawn at this ratio. */
 export const SPRITE_SCALE = CANVAS / BODY;
@@ -86,3 +87,45 @@ export function markerSprite({ category, severity, rim, selected = false }) {
   cache.set(key, url);
   return url;
 }
+
+/**
+ * Data URL of a country badge: the dark disc with a light rim and the number
+ * of reports it stands for, drawn at the pixels it is shown at so the digits
+ * stay sharp. Null where there is no canvas.
+ * @param {number} count Reports the badge stands for.
+ * @param {number} pixels The disc's diameter in drawn pixels.
+ */
+export function countSprite(count, pixels) {
+  const body = Math.max(1, Math.round(pixels));
+  const text = count > 99 ? '99+' : String(count);
+  const key = `count|${text}|${body}`;
+  if (cache.has(key)) return cache.get(key);
+  const canvas = globalThis.document?.createElement?.('canvas');
+  const ctx = canvas?.getContext?.('2d');
+  if (!ctx) return null;
+  const k = body / BODY;
+  canvas.width = canvas.height = Math.round(CANVAS * k);
+  const c = canvas.width / 2;
+  const r = body / 2;
+  ctx.beginPath();
+  ctx.arc(c, c, r + 1.5 * k, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
+  ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85)';
+  ctx.fill();
+  ctx.beginPath();
+  ctx.arc(c, c, r, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
+  ctx.fillStyle = INK;
+  ctx.fill();
+  ctx.beginPath();
+  ctx.arc(c, c, r - 2 * k, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
+  ctx.lineWidth = 3 * k;
+  ctx.strokeStyle = COUNT_INK;
+  ctx.stroke();
+  ctx.fillStyle = COUNT_INK;
+  ctx.font = `600 ${Math.round(body * (text.length > 2 ? 0.34 : 0.44))}px ui-monospace, Menlo, monospace`;
+  ctx.textAlign = 'center';
+  ctx.textBaseline = 'middle';
+  ctx.fillText(text, c, c + k);
+  const url = canvas.toDataURL('image/png');
+  cache.set(key, url);
+  return url;
+}

From 38cf1e2be5fbeeda8b4d6fc3be954aa4d5f26ed7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:28:10 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 139/181] test(shipwrecks): an upstream body over its size cap
 counts as a failed source and is cancelled at the cap

---
 src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs b/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs
index 309284ebf..7793ef145 100644
--- a/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs
@@ -262,3 +262,33 @@ test('a source older than seven days is no longer served', async () => {
   clock = 7 * 24 * HOUR + 16 * 60 * 1000;
   assert.equal((await request(handler)).status, 502, 'older is dropped');
 });
+
+test('an upstream body over its cap is a failed source, read only to the cap', async () => {
+  const MIB = 1024 * 1024;
+  const chunk = new Uint8Array(MIB).fill(0x20);
+  let sent = 0;
+  let cancelled = false;
+  const endless = () =>
+    new ReadableStream({
+      pull(controller) {
+        sent += chunk.byteLength;
+        controller.enqueue(chunk);
+      },
+      cancel() {
+        cancelled = true;
+      },
+    });
+  const handler = handlerOf(
+    shipwrecksProxy({
+      fetchImpl: async (url) =>
+        String(url).includes('query.wikidata.org')
+          ? Response.json(WIKIDATA)
+          : new Response(endless()),
+    }),
+  );
+  const res = await request(handler);
+  assert.equal(res.status, 200);
+  assert.deepEqual(res.body.sources, { emodnet: false, wikidata: true });
+  assert.ok(cancelled, 'the oversized body is cancelled');
+  assert.ok(sent <= 34 * MIB, `read ${sent / MIB} MiB of a 32 MiB cap`);
+});

From 0c159186f9df367ba4f3062635ee00ef7566fb18 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:29:25 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 140/181] fix(shipwrecks): small row and query fixes: era
 counts in one pass, pickers list only years with a wreck, no Portuguese
 default

- The legend counted each era twice, scanning every record eight times per
  row refresh; it now counts once.
- Each year picker listed every year from the oldest dated wreck (well over
  a thousand entries); it lists the years that have a wreck, plus the chosen
  ends.
- Labels fell back to Portuguese and links to Portuguese Wikipedia while the
  app ships 11 locales: labels now fall back through the app's languages
  after English, and a wreck with no English article links its Wikidata
  item, which lists the article in every language.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                  |  2 +-
 src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js         | 34 +++++++++++++++++-------
 src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs   | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js       | 11 ++++----
 src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs |  5 ++++
 5 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 6e3797168..996af1fcb 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ cull GhostMaps uses, sized by deaths (a bigger toll draws on top) and coloured
 by era (a legend under the row): before 1900
 (ancient wrecks dated only by period count here), 1900–1945, after 1945, and
 date unknown. A period filter under the row picks a start year and an end year
-side by side (two pickers over the years in the data; a reversed pair is
+side by side (two pickers over the years that have a wreck; a reversed pair is
 stored swapped); undated wrecks show only when every year
 is selected. The filter is session-only (not in the share link). Clicking a marker opens a `stateless` card: deaths and
 survivors first, then the sinking date or year (or the archaeological dating) and
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
index 285881743..f2451d7bd 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
@@ -277,11 +277,20 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
     picking?.unregisterPickOwner?.(SHIPWRECKS_LAYER_ID);
   }
 
-  function countOf(era) {
-    let count = 0;
+  /** Wrecks shown per era, in one pass over the records. */
+  function eraCounts() {
+    const counts = Object.fromEntries(SHIPWRECK_ERAS.map((era) => [era, 0]));
     for (const record of _records.values())
-      if (eraOf(record) === era && inPeriod(record, _range)) count++;
-    return count;
+      if (inPeriod(record, _range)) counts[eraOf(record)]++;
+    return counts;
+  }
+
+  /** The years that have a dated wreck, plus `extra` ones, newest first. */
+  function yearsInData(extra = []) {
+    const years = new Set(extra);
+    for (const record of _records.values())
+      if (Number.isInteger(record.year)) years.add(record.year);
+    return [...years].sort((a, b) => b - a);
   }
 
   /** The start and end year pickers, side by side. */
@@ -293,9 +302,13 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
       : range.from === range.to
         ? String(range.from)
         : `${range.from}–${range.to}`;
-    const options = [];
-    for (let year = _extent.max; year >= _extent.min; year--)
-      options.push({ value: year, label: String(year) });
+    // Only years with a wreck: a picker of every year since the oldest
+    // dated wreck would run to well over a thousand entries.
+    // The chosen ends stay listed even when no wreck sank that year.
+    const options = yearsInData([range.from, range.to]).map((year) => ({
+      value: year,
+      label: String(year),
+    }));
     return {
       range: {
         id: 'period',
@@ -425,16 +438,17 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
     },
 
     getRowControls() {
+      const counts = eraCounts();
       return {
         chips: [],
         ...periodControls(),
         // The colours are a legend: when the ship sank.
         legend: SHIPWRECK_ERAS.map((era) => ({
           label: t(ERA_LABELS[era]),
-          count: countOf(era),
+          count: counts[era],
           color: ERA_COLORS[era],
-          blurb: tn(countOf(era), '{count} wreck', '{count} wrecks', {
-            count: formatNumber(countOf(era)),
+          blurb: tn(counts[era], '{count} wreck', '{count} wrecks', {
+            count: formatNumber(counts[era]),
           }),
         })),
         info: t('EMODnet (European waters) · Wikidata (worldwide)'),
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs
index 2e42dfd7f..d42aedaf1 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs
@@ -208,3 +208,39 @@ test('a click opens the card; a period that excludes the wreck closes it', async
   );
   assert.equal(h.layer.getStats().count, 1);
 });
+
+test('the year pickers list only years with a wreck, and each era is counted', async () => {
+  const h = harness({
+    snapshots: [
+      snapshot([
+        wreck('a', { year: 300 }),
+        wreck('b', { year: 1912 }),
+        wreck('c', { year: 1912 }),
+        wreck('d', { year: 1990 }),
+        wreck('e', { year: null }),
+      ]),
+    ],
+  });
+  h.layer.enable();
+  await h.layer.update();
+  let controls = h.layer.getRowControls();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    controls.range.options.map((option) => option.value),
+    [1990, 1912, 300],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    controls.legend.map((era) => era.count),
+    [1, 2, 1, 1],
+  );
+  h.layer.setParams({ from: 1900, to: 1950 });
+  controls = h.layer.getRowControls();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    controls.range.options.map((option) => option.value),
+    [1990, 1950, 1912, 1900, 300],
+    'the chosen ends are listed too',
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    controls.legend.map((era) => era.count),
+    [0, 2, 0, 0],
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js
index e52e67702..8d362e7a1 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.js
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ export const SHIPWRECK_SOURCES = Object.freeze(['emodnet', 'wikidata']);
  * come with their precision so a month-precise date is not shown as the 1st.
  * Only ship and event facts are read: no items about people.
  */
-export const WIKIDATA_QUERY = `SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?itemDescription ?coord ?sunk ?sunkPrecision ?end ?endPrecision ?deaths ?survivors ?typeLabel ?enwiki ?ptwiki ?event WHERE {
+export const WIKIDATA_QUERY = `SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?itemDescription ?coord ?sunk ?sunkPrecision ?end ?endPrecision ?deaths ?survivors ?typeLabel ?enwiki ?event WHERE {
   {
     ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q852190 ; wdt:P625 ?coord ; wikibase:sitelinks ?links .
     FILTER(?links > 0)
@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@ export const WIKIDATA_QUERY = `SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?itemDescription ?coord ?
   }
   OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P1120 ?deaths }
   OPTIONAL { ?enwiki schema:about ?item ; schema:isPartOf <https://en.wikipedia.org/> }
-  OPTIONAL { ?ptwiki schema:about ?item ; schema:isPartOf <https://pt.wikipedia.org/> }
-  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en,pt,mul". }
+  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en,mul,fr,de,es,it,pt,ru,uk,ja,zh,ar". }
 }`;
 
 const MAX_TEXT = 160;
@@ -300,9 +299,9 @@ export function normalizeWikidataResults(payload) {
       country: null,
       originator: null,
       url:
-        wikiUrl(value('enwiki')) ||
-        wikiUrl(value('ptwiki')) ||
-        `https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/${qid}`,
+        // English Wikipedia, else the Wikidata item, which links the
+        // article in every language that has one.
+        wikiUrl(value('enwiki')) || `https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/${qid}`,
     });
   }
   return foldSinkingEvents([...byItem.values()]);
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs
index 2033e391f..4ce5514e2 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/records.test.mjs
@@ -307,3 +307,8 @@ test('the query reads the end of service with its precision', () => {
   );
   assert.doesNotMatch(WIKIDATA_QUERY, /wdt:P576/);
 });
+
+test('labels and links do not default to one other language', () => {
+  assert.doesNotMatch(WIKIDATA_QUERY, /ptwiki|pt\.wikipedia/);
+  assert.match(WIKIDATA_QUERY, /wikibase:language "en,mul,/);
+});

From 66fba3da47658d41919446f69a2847ff9f00c619 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:36:18 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 141/181] fix(shipwrecks): a source refresh with less than half
 of its last good wrecks is refused until the old set expires

A 200 answer that was valid but cut short (30 Wikidata wrecks instead of
about 1,450) replaced the last good set for a day. It now counts as a failed
refresh: the old records are served as stale and the source is retried after
15 minutes; once the old set is past seven days, the new one is taken.
---
 server/providers/shipwrecks.js    | 10 ++++++++-
 src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/server/providers/shipwrecks.js b/server/providers/shipwrecks.js
index e680b18a0..8a5fe275f 100644
--- a/server/providers/shipwrecks.js
+++ b/server/providers/shipwrecks.js
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ const REFRESH_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
 const STALE_MAX_MS = 7 * REFRESH_MS;
 /** After a source fails, it is not asked again for this long. */
 const RETRY_MS = 15 * 60 * 1000;
+/** A refresh with fewer than this share of the last good records is refused. */
+const MIN_KEEP_RATIO = 0.5;
 // Only the columns the card uses; ship_char/obj_desc histories can name people
 // and are not read beyond a short vessel type.
 const EMODNET_PROPERTIES = [
@@ -109,7 +111,13 @@ export function shipwrecksProxy({
     const done = now();
     results.forEach((result, i) => {
       const state = sources[names[i]];
-      if (result.status === 'fulfilled')
+      // A valid answer far smaller than the last good set (a truncated or
+      // half-built upstream) is a failure too, until the old set expires.
+      const shrunk =
+        result.status === 'fulfilled' &&
+        usable(state, done) &&
+        result.value.length < state.good.records.length * MIN_KEEP_RATIO;
+      if (result.status === 'fulfilled' && !shrunk)
         state.good = { records: result.value, fetchedAt: done };
       else state.retryAt = done + RETRY_MS;
     });
diff --git a/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs b/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs
index 7793ef145..e0bdc8216 100644
--- a/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs
@@ -292,3 +292,39 @@ test('an upstream body over its cap is a failed source, read only to the cap', a
   assert.ok(cancelled, 'the oversized body is cancelled');
   assert.ok(sent <= 34 * MIB, `read ${sent / MIB} MiB of a 32 MiB cap`);
 });
+
+test('a refresh far smaller than the last good set is refused until it expires', async () => {
+  let clock = 0;
+  const many = {
+    results: {
+      bindings: Array.from({ length: 10 }, (_, i) => ({
+        item: { value: `http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q${100 + i}` },
+        itemLabel: { value: `Wreck ${i}` },
+        coord: { value: `Point(${i} 40)` },
+      })),
+    },
+  };
+  let wikidata = many;
+  const handler = handlerOf(
+    shipwrecksProxy({
+      fetchImpl: async (url) =>
+        Response.json(
+          String(url).includes('query.wikidata.org') ? wikidata : EMODNET,
+        ),
+      now: () => clock,
+    }),
+  );
+  assert.equal((await request(handler)).body.records.length, 11);
+  wikidata = WIKIDATA;
+  clock = 25 * HOUR;
+  const refused = await request(handler);
+  assert.equal(refused.body.records.length, 11, 'one wreck is not ten');
+  assert.equal(refused.body.stale, true);
+  clock = 8 * 24 * HOUR;
+  const accepted = await request(handler);
+  assert.equal(
+    accepted.body.records.length,
+    2,
+    'taken once the old set expired',
+  );
+});

From c885825f2b1df83e280e96ac4e2626c61bcbaaa7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:36:18 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 142/181] fix(shipwrecks): rebuild unless the snapshot has a
 version string; a failed page refresh marks the wrecks stale and clears them
 after seven days

- A source without a version (undefined, not null) compared as unchanged, so
  an injected source's new snapshots were never drawn.
- When the page could not refresh (the proxy answers 502 once both sources
  are past seven days), it kept showing the old wrecks as fresh. They are now
  marked stale, and removed once older than the proxy's own seven-day limit.
---
 src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js       | 14 +++++++-
 src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs | 49 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
index f2451d7bd..c4599303c 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ const CARD_HOST_OPTIONS = Object.freeze({
   moving: false,
 });
 const MAX_CARD_LINES = 14;
+/** Wrecks not refreshed for this long leave the map (the proxy's own limit). */
+const MAX_SHOWN_AGE_MS = 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
 /**
  * Marker size in pixels: grows with the death toll, from 16 px (no deaths known) to 36 px (about a thousand or more).
  */
@@ -67,6 +69,7 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
   openExternal = null,
   // One collection for every wreck marker (thousands of them): far cheaper to
   // draw and rebuild than an entity each. Tests pass a fake.
+  now = () => Date.now(),
   createMarkers = (scene) =>
     new Cesium.BillboardCollection({
       scene,
@@ -378,7 +381,7 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
         // The page checks every 6 h; the proxy refreshes once a day. Only a
         // new snapshot rebuilds the markers.
         const unchanged =
-          snapshot.version !== null &&
+          typeof snapshot.version === 'string' &&
           snapshot.version === _snapshot?.version &&
           _pins.length > 0;
         _snapshot = snapshot;
@@ -396,6 +399,15 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
           return false;
         console.warn('[Data:Shipwrecks] Fetch error:', error);
         _lastError = error?.message || msg('Shipwrecks unavailable');
+        // What is on the map was not refreshed: say so, and drop it once it
+        // is older than the proxy itself would serve.
+        if (_snapshot) {
+          const age = now() - (_snapshot.fetchedAt ?? now());
+          if (age > MAX_SHOWN_AGE_MS) {
+            _snapshot = null;
+            rebuild([]);
+          } else _snapshot = { ..._snapshot, stale: true };
+        }
         notifyRow();
         return false;
       } finally {
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs
index d42aedaf1..92cb05733 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ function fakeMarkers() {
   return collection;
 }
 
-function harness({ snapshots } = {}) {
+function harness({ snapshots, now = () => 1 } = {}) {
   const markers = fakeMarkers();
   const primitives = [];
   const cards = [];
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ function harness({ snapshots } = {}) {
       getSnapshot({ signal }) {
         requests.push(signal);
         const next = queue.shift();
+        if (next instanceof Error) return Promise.reject(next);
         return next instanceof Promise ? next : Promise.resolve(next);
       },
     },
@@ -105,6 +106,7 @@ function harness({ snapshots } = {}) {
     picking,
     pointer: { isPointerFree: () => true },
     openExternal: (url) => opened.push(url),
+    now: () => now(),
   });
   layer.init(viewer);
   return {
@@ -244,3 +246,48 @@ test('the year pickers list only years with a wreck, and each era is counted', a
     [0, 2, 0, 0],
   );
 });
+
+test('a source without a version rebuilds on every new snapshot', async () => {
+  const bare = (records) => {
+    const value = snapshot(records);
+    delete value.version;
+    return value;
+  };
+  const h = harness({
+    snapshots: [
+      bare([wreck('a')]),
+      bare([wreck('a'), wreck('b')]),
+      { ...snapshot([wreck('a')]), version: null },
+      { ...snapshot([wreck('a'), wreck('b'), wreck('c')]), version: null },
+    ],
+  });
+  h.layer.enable();
+  for (const expected of [1, 2, 1, 3]) {
+    await h.layer.update();
+    assert.equal(h.markers.billboards.length, expected);
+  }
+});
+
+test('a failed refresh marks the shown wrecks stale, and clears them after seven days', async () => {
+  const DAY = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+  let clock = 1;
+  const h = harness({
+    now: () => clock,
+    snapshots: [
+      snapshot([wreck('a')]),
+      new Error('Shipwrecks unavailable (HTTP 502)'),
+      new Error('Shipwrecks unavailable (HTTP 502)'),
+    ],
+  });
+  h.layer.enable();
+  await h.layer.update();
+  assert.equal(h.layer.getStats().stale, false);
+  clock = 1 + 2 * DAY;
+  assert.equal(await h.layer.update(), false);
+  assert.equal(h.layer.getStats().stale, true);
+  assert.equal(h.layer.getStats().count, 1, 'still shown, as stale');
+  clock = 1 + 8 * DAY;
+  await h.layer.update();
+  assert.equal(h.layer.getStats().count, 0, 'expired wrecks leave the map');
+  assert.equal(h.markers.billboards.length, 0);
+});

From 6e4dd6299ea41bd5ed0a293e0f80ba1594023443 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:36:18 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 143/181] docs(shipwrecks): refresh timing and the
 personal-text filter as they now work, rewrapped

CURRENT-STATE said each source is asked at most once a day; a failed source
is retried after 15 minutes. It now also covers refused short refreshes and
the page clearing expired wrecks, and its two shipwreck paragraphs are
rewrapped. The card's comment no longer says the records carry no names.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md          | 47 ++++++++++++++++++----------------
 src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js |  7 ++---
 2 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 996af1fcb..4832c32a1 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -159,32 +159,35 @@ off by default. `/api/shipwrecks` downloads EMODnet Human Activities'
 compiled from SHOM, Ireland's National Monuments Service, Historic England and
 the Oxford Roman Economy Project; CC BY 4.0) and a Wikidata SPARQL query for
 shipwreck items with a coordinate and at least one Wikipedia article (about
-1,450 worldwide; CC0), each at most once a day. Each source keeps its own last
-good records: a source that fails, or answers with nothing usable, keeps serving
-its earlier records as stale for up to seven days and is not asked again for
-15 minutes, and never removes the other source's wrecks. EMODnet rows the portal took from wrecksite.eu are skipped (that site
-is not openly licensed). A Wikidata wreck with the same name within 3 km of an
-EMODnet wreck is merged into one record that keeps the article link and takes
-EMODnet's year, sinking text, depth and position accuracy. Only ship columns are
-read: EMODnet's long histories (`ship_char`, `obj_desc`) are not. Sinking,
-cargo and description text that refers to a person by a title or role (Mr,
-captain, master, owner, crew, "reported by", …) is dropped whole by a keyword
-filter; a bare name with no such word can still pass. Deaths appear only as a
-Wikidata count.
+1,450 worldwide; CC0). A source that answered well is asked again after 24 hours;
+one that failed is asked again after 15 minutes. Each source keeps its own last
+good records: a source that fails, answers with nothing usable, or answers with
+less than half of its last good set keeps serving its earlier records as stale
+for up to seven days, and never removes the other source's wrecks. When the
+page cannot refresh, the wrecks it shows are marked stale, and it clears them
+once they are more than seven days old. EMODnet rows the portal took from
+wrecksite.eu are skipped (that site is not openly licensed). A Wikidata wreck
+with the same name within 3 km of an EMODnet wreck is merged into one record
+that keeps the article link and takes EMODnet's year, sinking text, depth and
+position accuracy. Only ship columns are read: EMODnet's long histories
+(`ship_char`, `obj_desc`) are not. Sinking, cargo and description text that
+refers to a person by a title or role (Mr, captain, master, owner, crew,
+"reported by", …) is dropped whole by a keyword filter; a bare name with no
+such word can still pass. Deaths appear only as a Wikidata count.
 
 The globe draws a round marker with a hull and mast per wreck, all in one
 billboard collection, ground-clamped with the depth test off and the horizon
 cull GhostMaps uses, sized by deaths (a bigger toll draws on top) and coloured
-by era (a legend under the row): before 1900
-(ancient wrecks dated only by period count here), 1900–1945, after 1945, and
-date unknown. A period filter under the row picks a start year and an end year
-side by side (two pickers over the years that have a wreck; a reversed pair is
-stored swapped); undated wrecks show only when every year
-is selected. The filter is session-only (not in the share link). Clicking a marker opens a `stateless` card: deaths and
-survivors first, then the sinking date or year (or the archaeological dating) and
-waters, vessel type, what happened,
-least depth and its quality, how well the position is known, period notes or
-the Wikidata description, cargo or finds, protected status and source.
+by era (a legend under the row): before 1900 (ancient wrecks dated only by
+period count here), 1900–1945, after 1945, and date unknown. A period filter
+under the row picks a start year and an end year side by side (two pickers
+over the years that have a wreck; a reversed pair is stored swapped); undated
+wrecks show only when every year is selected. The filter is session-only (not
+in the share link). Clicking a marker opens a `stateless` card: deaths and
+survivors first, then the sinking date or year (or the archaeological dating)
+and waters, vessel type, what happened, least depth and its quality, how well
+the position is known, period notes or the Wikidata description, cargo or
+finds, protected status and source.
 Clicking the card opens the Wikipedia article (else the Wikidata item), the
 wreck's own web page when EMODnet lists one, else EMODnet's portal. Voice does
 not toggle this layer yet (prompt budget, as for the airspace layer).
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js
index 633afcf7a..42e97e16e 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/cards.js
@@ -54,9 +54,10 @@ export function cardLink(record) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Title and detail lines for one wreck card: deaths first, then when and where, then the ship facts. Only facts
- * about the ship: the records carry no names of people, and victims appear as
- * a count only.
+ * Title and detail lines for one wreck card: deaths first, then when and
+ * where, then the ship facts. Victims appear as a count only; free text that
+ * refers to a person by a title or role is dropped by a keyword filter (see
+ * records.js), which a bare name can still pass.
  * @param {object} record A normalized shipwreck record.
  * @returns {{title: string, details: string[], link: string}}
  */

From 7704de50756ab5f9caeb515e00b18023626ae82a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:38:31 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 144/181] fix(shipwrecks): the page expires each source's
 wrecks by its own clock, from the age the proxy reports

The page compared the proxy's fetchedAt with its own clock, so a skewed
browser clock cleared or kept wrecks wrongly; a snapshot without a timestamp
never expired; and one old source cleared the other's fresh wrecks. The proxy
now reports each source's age on its own clock and its seven-day limit; the
page turns them into per-source deadlines when the snapshot arrives (seven
days from arrival when no age is given) and, on a failed refresh, removes only
the sources past theirs. A refused short refresh is logged.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                |  5 ++-
 server/providers/shipwrecks.js       | 11 ++++++
 src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs    |  2 +
 src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js       | 44 ++++++++++++++++++---
 src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs | 57 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js      |  8 ++++
 6 files changed, 119 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 4832c32a1..c7b57785e 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -164,8 +164,9 @@ one that failed is asked again after 15 minutes. Each source keeps its own last
 good records: a source that fails, answers with nothing usable, or answers with
 less than half of its last good set keeps serving its earlier records as stale
 for up to seven days, and never removes the other source's wrecks. When the
-page cannot refresh, the wrecks it shows are marked stale, and it clears them
-once they are more than seven days old. EMODnet rows the portal took from
+page cannot refresh, the wrecks it shows are marked stale, and it removes each
+source's wrecks once they pass seven days, counted from the age the proxy
+reported (so the page and server clocks are never compared). EMODnet rows the portal took from
 wrecksite.eu are skipped (that site is not openly licensed). A Wikidata wreck
 with the same name within 3 km of an EMODnet wreck is merged into one record
 that keeps the article link and takes EMODnet's year, sinking text, depth and
diff --git a/server/providers/shipwrecks.js b/server/providers/shipwrecks.js
index 8a5fe275f..2d38b6c96 100644
--- a/server/providers/shipwrecks.js
+++ b/server/providers/shipwrecks.js
@@ -120,16 +120,25 @@ export function shipwrecksProxy({
       if (result.status === 'fulfilled' && !shrunk)
         state.good = { records: result.value, fetchedAt: done };
       else state.retryAt = done + RETRY_MS;
+      if (shrunk)
+        console.warn(
+          `[shipwrecks] ${names[i]} refresh refused: ${result.value.length} ` +
+            `records against ${state.good.records.length} last good`,
+        );
     });
   }
 
   /** The served snapshot: every source with usable records, merged once. */
   function compose(at) {
     const sourceFlags = {};
+    // How old each source's records are, on this clock, so the page can
+    // expire them by its own clock without comparing the two.
+    const ages = {};
     let stale = false;
     let fetchedAt = null;
     for (const [name, state] of Object.entries(sources)) {
       sourceFlags[name] = usable(state, at);
+      ages[name] = sourceFlags[name] ? at - state.good.fetchedAt : null;
       if (!sourceFlags[name]) continue;
       if (!fresh(state, at)) stale = true;
       fetchedAt = Math.min(fetchedAt ?? Infinity, state.good.fetchedAt);
@@ -155,6 +164,8 @@ export function shipwrecksProxy({
         fetchedAt,
         version: key,
         sources: sourceFlags,
+        ages,
+        maxAgeMs: STALE_MAX_MS,
         records: snapshot.records,
       },
       stale,
diff --git a/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs b/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs
index e0bdc8216..e66d16a40 100644
--- a/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs
@@ -199,6 +199,8 @@ test('one source failing keeps its own last records while the other refreshes',
   assert.deepEqual(later.body.sources, { emodnet: true, wikidata: true });
   assert.equal(later.body.stale, true);
   assert.equal(upstream.callsTo('emodnet'), 2, 'EMODnet was refreshed');
+  assert.deepEqual(later.body.ages, { emodnet: 0, wikidata: 25 * HOUR });
+  assert.equal(later.body.maxAgeMs, 7 * 24 * HOUR);
 });
 
 test('a failed source waits before it is asked again', async () => {
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
index c4599303c..a16a728e1 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
@@ -31,6 +31,22 @@ const CARD_HOST_OPTIONS = Object.freeze({
 const MAX_CARD_LINES = 14;
 /** Wrecks not refreshed for this long leave the map (the proxy's own limit). */
 const MAX_SHOWN_AGE_MS = 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+
+/**
+ * When each source's wrecks leave the map, on this page's clock: the age the
+ * proxy reports (its own clock) is subtracted from the limit, so the two
+ * clocks are never compared. With no age reported, the snapshot counts as
+ * fresh when it arrives.
+ */
+export function sourceDeadlines(snapshot, at) {
+  const limit = snapshot.maxAgeMs ?? MAX_SHOWN_AGE_MS;
+  const deadlines = {};
+  for (const name of ['emodnet', 'wikidata']) {
+    if (snapshot.sources?.[name] === false) continue;
+    deadlines[name] = at + limit - (snapshot.ages?.[name] ?? 0);
+  }
+  return deadlines;
+}
 /**
  * Marker size in pixels: grows with the death toll, from 16 px (no deaths known) to 36 px (about a thousand or more).
  */
@@ -67,9 +83,9 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
   picking = null,
   pointer = null,
   openExternal = null,
+  now = () => Date.now(),
   // One collection for every wreck marker (thousands of them): far cheaper to
   // draw and rebuild than an entity each. Tests pass a fake.
-  now = () => Date.now(),
   createMarkers = (scene) =>
     new Cesium.BillboardCollection({
       scene,
@@ -85,6 +101,7 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
   let _records = new Map();
   let _pins = [];
   let _snapshot = null;
+  let _deadlines = {};
   let _lastError = null;
   let _clickHandler = null;
   let _rowListener = null;
@@ -385,6 +402,7 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
           snapshot.version === _snapshot?.version &&
           _pins.length > 0;
         _snapshot = snapshot;
+        _deadlines = sourceDeadlines(snapshot, now());
         _lastError =
           snapshot.sources.emodnet && snapshot.sources.wikidata
             ? null
@@ -399,14 +417,27 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
           return false;
         console.warn('[Data:Shipwrecks] Fetch error:', error);
         _lastError = error?.message || msg('Shipwrecks unavailable');
-        // What is on the map was not refreshed: say so, and drop it once it
-        // is older than the proxy itself would serve.
+        // What is on the map was not refreshed: say so, and drop each
+        // source's wrecks once they are older than the proxy would serve.
         if (_snapshot) {
-          const age = now() - (_snapshot.fetchedAt ?? now());
-          if (age > MAX_SHOWN_AGE_MS) {
+          const at = now();
+          const expired = Object.keys(_deadlines).filter(
+            (name) => _deadlines[name] <= at,
+          );
+          for (const name of expired) delete _deadlines[name];
+          if (!Object.keys(_deadlines).length) {
             _snapshot = null;
             rebuild([]);
-          } else _snapshot = { ..._snapshot, stale: true };
+          } else {
+            _snapshot = { ..._snapshot, stale: true };
+            if (expired.length) {
+              _snapshot.records = _snapshot.records.filter(
+                (record) => !expired.includes(record.source),
+              );
+              _snapshot.version = null;
+              rebuild(_snapshot.records);
+            }
+          }
         }
         notifyRow();
         return false;
@@ -427,6 +458,7 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
       _records = new Map();
       _pins = [];
       _snapshot = null;
+      _deadlines = {};
       _viewer = null;
       _rowListener = null;
     },
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs
index 92cb05733..ce2fe992c 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs
@@ -291,3 +291,60 @@ test('a failed refresh marks the shown wrecks stale, and clears them after seven
   assert.equal(h.layer.getStats().count, 0, 'expired wrecks leave the map');
   assert.equal(h.markers.billboards.length, 0);
 });
+
+test('expiry runs on the page clock, per source, even without timestamps', async () => {
+  const DAY = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+  const down = () => new Error('Shipwrecks unavailable (HTTP 502)');
+  // A page clock far from the proxy's: only the reported ages count.
+  let clock = 5e12;
+  const h = harness({
+    now: () => clock,
+    snapshots: [
+      {
+        ...snapshot([
+          wreck('fresh', { source: 'emodnet' }),
+          wreck('old', { source: 'wikidata' }),
+        ]),
+        fetchedAt: null,
+        ages: { emodnet: 0, wikidata: 6.5 * DAY },
+        maxAgeMs: 7 * DAY,
+      },
+      down(),
+      down(),
+      down(),
+    ],
+  });
+  h.layer.enable();
+  await h.layer.update();
+  clock += 0.25 * DAY;
+  await h.layer.update();
+  assert.equal(h.layer.getStats().count, 2, 'both still inside their limit');
+  clock += 0.5 * DAY;
+  await h.layer.update();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    h.markers.billboards.map((billboard) => billboard.id),
+    ['shipwreck:fresh'],
+    'only the source past its limit leaves',
+  );
+  assert.equal(h.layer.getStats().stale, true);
+  clock += 7 * DAY;
+  await h.layer.update();
+  assert.equal(h.layer.getStats().count, 0);
+});
+
+test('a snapshot with no timestamp or ages still expires seven days after it arrived', async () => {
+  const DAY = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+  let clock = 100;
+  const h = harness({
+    now: () => clock,
+    snapshots: [
+      { ...snapshot([wreck('a')]), fetchedAt: null },
+      new Error('down'),
+    ],
+  });
+  h.layer.enable();
+  await h.layer.update();
+  clock += 8 * DAY;
+  await h.layer.update();
+  assert.equal(h.layer.getStats().count, 0);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js
index 7aaaa49b7..1928fd4ec 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/source.js
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import { readResponseJsonCapped } from '../../sources/httpBody.js';
 import { normalizeShipwreckSnapshot } from './records.js';
 
+const age = (value) => (Number.isFinite(value) && value >= 0 ? value : null);
+
 /** Same-origin source for the proxy's EMODnet + Wikidata shipwreck snapshot. */
 export function createShipwrecksSource({
   fetchImpl = (...args) => globalThis.fetch(...args),
@@ -27,6 +29,12 @@ export function createShipwrecksSource({
         stale: payload.stale === true,
         // Changes whenever either source's data does; null from an older proxy.
         version: typeof payload.version === 'string' ? payload.version : null,
+        // Each source's age on the proxy's clock (null when unknown).
+        ages: {
+          emodnet: age(payload.ages?.emodnet),
+          wikidata: age(payload.ages?.wikidata),
+        },
+        maxAgeMs: age(payload.maxAgeMs),
         sources: {
           emodnet: payload.sources?.emodnet !== false,
           wikidata: payload.sources?.wikidata !== false,

From 41641cd91a1fbf090554bd274b09a8097a1e60ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:40:40 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 145/181] fix(shipwrecks): the page clears shown wrecks as a
 whole, once even the newest source is too old

Removing one source's wrecks on the page split merged records: a wreck both
sources list is one Wikidata record carrying EMODnet facts, so expiring
Wikidata dropped wrecks EMODnet still had, and expiring EMODnet kept its
facts. The page now keeps every shown wreck, marked stale, until the newest
source passes the limit, then clears them all. Adds a source test for the
reported ages and limit.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                 |  7 ++--
 scripts/format-scope.json             |  1 +
 src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js        | 52 +++++++++++----------------
 src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs  | 30 ++++++++--------
 src/layers/shipwrecks/source.test.mjs | 27 ++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 67 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/layers/shipwrecks/source.test.mjs

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index c7b57785e..444512b5a 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -164,9 +164,10 @@ one that failed is asked again after 15 minutes. Each source keeps its own last
 good records: a source that fails, answers with nothing usable, or answers with
 less than half of its last good set keeps serving its earlier records as stale
 for up to seven days, and never removes the other source's wrecks. When the
-page cannot refresh, the wrecks it shows are marked stale, and it removes each
-source's wrecks once they pass seven days, counted from the age the proxy
-reported (so the page and server clocks are never compared). EMODnet rows the portal took from
+page cannot refresh, the wrecks it shows are marked stale, and it removes them
+once even the newest source is past seven days, counted from the ages the
+proxy reported (so the page and server clocks are never compared; a wreck
+both sources list is one record, so nothing is removed per source). EMODnet rows the portal took from
 wrecksite.eu are skipped (that site is not openly licensed). A Wikidata wreck
 with the same name within 3 km of an EMODnet wreck is merged into one record
 that keeps the article link and takes EMODnet's year, sinking text, depth and
diff --git a/scripts/format-scope.json b/scripts/format-scope.json
index b6d08d904..10ffd7283 100644
--- a/scripts/format-scope.json
+++ b/scripts/format-scope.json
@@ -1280,6 +1280,7 @@
   "src/layers/shipwrecks/eras.test.mjs",
   "src/layers/shipwrecks/period.test.mjs",
   "src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs",
+  "src/layers/shipwrecks/source.test.mjs",
   "src/data/shipwrecksProxy.test.mjs",
   "src/app/sourceComposition.js",
   "src/app/sourceComposition.test.mjs",
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
index a16a728e1..a28a324c7 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.js
@@ -33,19 +33,20 @@ const MAX_CARD_LINES = 14;
 const MAX_SHOWN_AGE_MS = 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
 
 /**
- * When each source's wrecks leave the map, on this page's clock: the age the
- * proxy reports (its own clock) is subtracted from the limit, so the two
- * clocks are never compared. With no age reported, the snapshot counts as
- * fresh when it arrives.
+ * When the shown wrecks leave the map if the page cannot refresh, on this
+ * page's clock: the age the proxy reports (its own clock) is subtracted from
+ * the limit, so the two clocks are never compared, and the newest source
+ * decides. A wreck both sources list is one merged record, so the snapshot
+ * goes as a whole, not per source. With no age reported, the snapshot counts
+ * as fresh when it arrives.
  */
-export function sourceDeadlines(snapshot, at) {
+export function snapshotDeadline(snapshot, at) {
   const limit = snapshot.maxAgeMs ?? MAX_SHOWN_AGE_MS;
-  const deadlines = {};
-  for (const name of ['emodnet', 'wikidata']) {
-    if (snapshot.sources?.[name] === false) continue;
-    deadlines[name] = at + limit - (snapshot.ages?.[name] ?? 0);
-  }
-  return deadlines;
+  const ages = ['emodnet', 'wikidata']
+    .filter((name) => snapshot.sources?.[name] !== false)
+    .map((name) => snapshot.ages?.[name] ?? 0);
+  const newest = ages.length ? Math.min(...ages) : 0;
+  return at + limit - newest;
 }
 /**
  * Marker size in pixels: grows with the death toll, from 16 px (no deaths known) to 36 px (about a thousand or more).
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
   let _records = new Map();
   let _pins = [];
   let _snapshot = null;
-  let _deadlines = {};
+  let _deadline = null;
   let _lastError = null;
   let _clickHandler = null;
   let _rowListener = null;
@@ -402,7 +403,7 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
           snapshot.version === _snapshot?.version &&
           _pins.length > 0;
         _snapshot = snapshot;
-        _deadlines = sourceDeadlines(snapshot, now());
+        _deadline = snapshotDeadline(snapshot, now());
         _lastError =
           snapshot.sources.emodnet && snapshot.sources.wikidata
             ? null
@@ -417,27 +418,14 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
           return false;
         console.warn('[Data:Shipwrecks] Fetch error:', error);
         _lastError = error?.message || msg('Shipwrecks unavailable');
-        // What is on the map was not refreshed: say so, and drop each
-        // source's wrecks once they are older than the proxy would serve.
+        // What is on the map was not refreshed: say so, and drop it once
+        // even its newest source is older than the proxy would serve.
         if (_snapshot) {
-          const at = now();
-          const expired = Object.keys(_deadlines).filter(
-            (name) => _deadlines[name] <= at,
-          );
-          for (const name of expired) delete _deadlines[name];
-          if (!Object.keys(_deadlines).length) {
+          if (now() >= _deadline) {
             _snapshot = null;
+            _deadline = null;
             rebuild([]);
-          } else {
-            _snapshot = { ..._snapshot, stale: true };
-            if (expired.length) {
-              _snapshot.records = _snapshot.records.filter(
-                (record) => !expired.includes(record.source),
-              );
-              _snapshot.version = null;
-              rebuild(_snapshot.records);
-            }
-          }
+          } else _snapshot = { ..._snapshot, stale: true };
         }
         notifyRow();
         return false;
@@ -458,7 +446,7 @@ export function createShipwrecksLayer({
       _records = new Map();
       _pins = [];
       _snapshot = null;
-      _deadlines = {};
+      _deadline = null;
       _viewer = null;
       _rowListener = null;
     },
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs
index ce2fe992c..56cf34fde 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs
@@ -292,10 +292,10 @@ test('a failed refresh marks the shown wrecks stale, and clears them after seven
   assert.equal(h.markers.billboards.length, 0);
 });
 
-test('expiry runs on the page clock, per source, even without timestamps', async () => {
+test('expiry runs on the page clock and keeps every wreck until the newest source is too old', async () => {
   const DAY = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
   const down = () => new Error('Shipwrecks unavailable (HTTP 502)');
-  // A page clock far from the proxy's: only the reported ages count.
+  // The page clock is far from the proxy's fetchedAt: only reported ages count.
   let clock = 5e12;
   const h = harness({
     now: () => clock,
@@ -303,33 +303,33 @@ test('expiry runs on the page clock, per source, even without timestamps', async
       {
         ...snapshot([
           wreck('fresh', { source: 'emodnet' }),
-          wreck('old', { source: 'wikidata' }),
+          wreck('merged', { source: 'wikidata', alsoIn: 'emodnet' }),
         ]),
-        fetchedAt: null,
+        fetchedAt: 1,
         ages: { emodnet: 0, wikidata: 6.5 * DAY },
         maxAgeMs: 7 * DAY,
       },
       down(),
       down(),
-      down(),
     ],
   });
   h.layer.enable();
   await h.layer.update();
-  clock += 0.25 * DAY;
+  clock += 1 * DAY;
   await h.layer.update();
-  assert.equal(h.layer.getStats().count, 2, 'both still inside their limit');
-  clock += 0.5 * DAY;
-  await h.layer.update();
-  assert.deepEqual(
-    h.markers.billboards.map((billboard) => billboard.id),
-    ['shipwreck:fresh'],
-    'only the source past its limit leaves',
+  assert.equal(
+    h.layer.getStats().count,
+    2,
+    'nothing leaves while EMODnet is in date',
   );
   assert.equal(h.layer.getStats().stale, true);
-  clock += 7 * DAY;
+  clock += 6.5 * DAY;
   await h.layer.update();
-  assert.equal(h.layer.getStats().count, 0);
+  assert.equal(
+    h.layer.getStats().count,
+    0,
+    'all leave once the newest is too old',
+  );
 });
 
 test('a snapshot with no timestamp or ages still expires seven days after it arrived', async () => {
diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/source.test.mjs b/src/layers/shipwrecks/source.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c82045951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/source.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { createShipwrecksSource } from './source.js';
+
+const respond = (payload) =>
+  createShipwrecksSource({ fetchImpl: async () => Response.json(payload) });
+
+test('the snapshot keeps valid source ages and drops malformed ones', async () => {
+  const record = { id: 'a', source: 'emodnet', lat: 50, lon: -1 };
+  const good = await respond({
+    records: [record],
+    version: 'v',
+    ages: { emodnet: 0, wikidata: 3600 },
+    maxAgeMs: 604800000,
+  }).getSnapshot();
+  assert.deepEqual(good.ages, { emodnet: 0, wikidata: 3600 });
+  assert.equal(good.maxAgeMs, 604800000);
+  assert.equal(good.version, 'v');
+  const bad = await respond({
+    records: [record],
+    ages: { emodnet: -5, wikidata: 'x' },
+    maxAgeMs: Number.NaN,
+  }).getSnapshot();
+  assert.deepEqual(bad.ages, { emodnet: null, wikidata: null });
+  assert.equal(bad.maxAgeMs, null);
+  assert.equal(bad.version, null);
+});

From f9b7a7714088b06e9cd2ce57fcc698a0da1c6a4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:42:08 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 146/181] test(shipwrecks): the page deadline subtracts the
 newest available source's reported age from the limit

---
 src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs
index 56cf34fde..6362be2e7 100644
--- a/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/shipwrecks/index.test.mjs
@@ -2,7 +2,11 @@ import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
 import * as picking from '../../data/pickRegistry.js';
-import { createShipwrecksLayer, markerPixelSize } from './index.js';
+import {
+  createShipwrecksLayer,
+  markerPixelSize,
+  snapshotDeadline,
+} from './index.js';
 
 const wreck = (id, extra = {}) => ({
   id,
@@ -348,3 +352,32 @@ test('a snapshot with no timestamp or ages still expires seven days after it arr
   await h.layer.update();
   assert.equal(h.layer.getStats().count, 0);
 });
+
+test('the page deadline subtracts the newest available source age from the limit', () => {
+  const DAY = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+  const both = { emodnet: true, wikidata: true };
+  assert.equal(
+    snapshotDeadline(
+      {
+        sources: both,
+        ages: { emodnet: 2 * DAY, wikidata: 6.5 * DAY },
+        maxAgeMs: 5 * DAY,
+      },
+      100,
+    ),
+    100 + 3 * DAY,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    snapshotDeadline(
+      {
+        sources: { emodnet: false, wikidata: true },
+        ages: { emodnet: null, wikidata: 4 * DAY },
+        maxAgeMs: 5 * DAY,
+      },
+      0,
+    ),
+    1 * DAY,
+    'an unavailable source does not count',
+  );
+  assert.equal(snapshotDeadline({ sources: both }, 0), 7 * DAY, 'defaults');
+});

From 2992232fccaa046e85b253abe2a936e818689a83 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 14:07:07 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 147/181] fix(shipwrecks): tidy after merging main: the
 retired-token test reuses the retired token, natural Hebrew, voice comment
 beside its entry

- layerStateTokenLedger.test: the retired-token reuse case now offers the
  retired token (02) to the newcomer, not News's 00.
- he.json: the catalog's singular imperative, {count} first in the plural,
  Wikidata read as one source, and smoother legend and info text.
- layerManifest: News after Shipwrecks, so the prompt-budget comment stays
  next to the entries it explains.
- CURRENT-STATE: Prettier-formatted (table column, blank line before a heading).
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                   |  3 ++-
 src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs |  2 +-
 src/i18n/locales/he.json                | 16 ++++++++--------
 src/voice/layerManifest.js              |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 596364ce0..d0204c9e8 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@ finds, protected status and source.
 Clicking the card opens the Wikipedia article (else the Wikidata item), the
 wreck's own web page when EMODnet lists one, else EMODnet's portal. Voice does
 not toggle this layer yet (prompt budget, as for the airspace layer).
+
 ## Wildlife Sightings — iNaturalist and Acartia
 
 **Wildlife Sightings** (`wildlife-sightings`, share-link token `9`) is off by
@@ -4847,7 +4848,7 @@ its criteria cannot be silently ignored.
 | Ski Pistes ⛷ (`ski-pistes`)          | OpenSnowMap piste raster tiles (keyless; CC BY-SA tiles, OSM data ODbL; no bulk download)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | `src/data/osmOverlays.js`                                                                                                                                 | — (browser-direct tiles)                                                                                                     | on view (Cesium tile requests; no polling)                                                                                  |
 | Fire Perimeters 🔥                   | NIFC WFIGS current interagency perimeters (keyless, paged past the 2000-record cap); InciWeb catalog + incident page origin and update time checks for verified incident-page links                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | `src/layers/perimeters/` via `src/app/layers/perimeters.js`                                                                                               | `/api/fire-perimeters` + `/api/fire-perimeters/inciweb/*`                                                                    | 5 min (server caches: catalog 1 h; publication 30 min)                                                                      |
 | Prohibited & Restricted Airspace 🚫  | FAA Special Use Airspace prohibited (P) and restricted (R) zones (keyless FeatureServer, simplified geometry)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | `src/layers/droneAirspace/` via `src/app/layers/droneAirspace.js`                                                                                         | `/api/drone-airspace`                                                                                                        | 1 h (server cache 1 h; stale-on-error)                                                                                      |
-| Shipwrecks ⚓ (`shipwrecks`)          | EMODnet Human Activities heritage shipwrecks (European waters, keyless WFS, CC BY 4.0) and Wikidata (notable wrecks worldwide, keyless, CC0)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | `src/layers/shipwrecks/` via `src/app/layers/shipwrecks.js`                                                                                               | `/api/shipwrecks`                                                                                                            | 6 h page check; server refresh once a day (stale-on-error up to 7 days)                                                     |
+| Shipwrecks ⚓ (`shipwrecks`)         | EMODnet Human Activities heritage shipwrecks (European waters, keyless WFS, CC BY 4.0) and Wikidata (notable wrecks worldwide, keyless, CC0)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | `src/layers/shipwrecks/` via `src/app/layers/shipwrecks.js`                                                                                               | `/api/shipwrecks`                                                                                                            | 6 h page check; server refresh once a day (stale-on-error up to 7 days)                                                     |
 | News ◆ (`news`)                      | The last 24 h of reports in two sections, Conflicts and Local, with hotspots, outlines and disputed areas: from a news server (`GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN`), else Core's own reading of GDELT 2.0 events (no key), Liveuamap (`LIVEUAMAP_API_KEY`) and World News API (`WORLDNEWSAPI_KEY`)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | `src/layers/news/` via `src/app/layers/news.js`; panel `src/ui/newsPanel.js`, `src/ui/news/`; server `server/providers/news.js`, `server/providers/news/` | `/api/news/hotspots`, `/api/news/feed`, `/api/news/outline` (forwarded to `GEV_NEWS_ORIGIN` when set, else answered by Core) | 2 min map refresh; Local re-read when the camera settles 0.8 s in a new half-degree cell below 3,000 km                     |
 | Wildlife Sightings 🦉                | iNaturalist wildlife observed within 48 h (whales 7 d), per view; Acartia Salish Sea marine mammal coverage (keyless)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | `src/layers/wildlifeSightings/` via `src/app/layers/wildlifeSightings.js`                                                                                 | `/api/inaturalist/observations`, `/api/inaturalist/grid`, `/api/acartia/sightings`                                           | camera moveEnd (600 ms debounce; enable settles 300 ms) + 5 min (observations 5 / 10 min; tiles 15 min; stale ≤ 1 h / 24 h) |
 
diff --git a/src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs b/src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs
index 1bcda2964..067904a35 100644
--- a/src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/layerStateTokenLedger.test.mjs
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ test('checker reads a complete future base ledger and rejects retired-token reus
         () =>
           validateLayerStateAllocations(published, {
             ...LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_RESERVATIONS,
-            newcomer: '00',
+            newcomer: '02',
           }),
         /changed or removed/,
       );
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/he.json b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
index 84bb7a6ba..5a6fe9404 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/he.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
@@ -3517,23 +3517,23 @@
   "Cargo or finds: {value}": "מטען או ממצאים: {value}",
   "Protected wreck": "ספינה טרופה מוגנת",
   "Source: {value}": "מקור: {value}",
-  "Click the card to open EMODnet ↗": "לחצו על הכרטיס כדי לפתוח את EMODnet ↗",
-  "Click the card to open the article ↗": "לחצו על הכרטיס כדי לפתוח את הערך ↗",
-  "Click the card to open the source ↗": "לחצו על הכרטיס כדי לפתוח את המקור ↗",
+  "Click the card to open EMODnet ↗": "לחץ על הכרטיס כדי לפתוח את EMODnet ↗",
+  "Click the card to open the article ↗": "לחץ על הכרטיס כדי לפתוח את הערך ↗",
+  "Click the card to open the source ↗": "לחץ על הכרטיס כדי לפתוח את המקור ↗",
   "All years": "כל השנים",
   "Period": "תקופה",
   "From": "מ־",
   "First year of the shipwreck period": "השנה הראשונה בתקופת הטביעות",
   "To": "עד",
   "Last year of the shipwreck period": "השנה האחרונה בתקופת הטביעות",
-  "Wikidata unavailable; showing EMODnet only": "ויקינתונים לא זמין; מוצג EMODnet בלבד",
-  "EMODnet unavailable; showing Wikidata only": "EMODnet לא זמין; מוצגים ויקינתונים בלבד",
+  "Wikidata unavailable; showing EMODnet only": "ויקינתונים אינו זמין; מוצג EMODnet בלבד",
+  "EMODnet unavailable; showing Wikidata only": "EMODnet אינו זמין; מוצג ויקינתונים בלבד",
   "Shipwrecks unavailable": "ספינות טרופות לא זמינות",
   "{count} wrecks": {
-    "one": "ספינה טרופה אחת ({count})",
+    "one": "{count} ספינה טרופה",
     "two": "{count} ספינות טרופות",
     "other": "{count} ספינות טרופות"
   },
-  "EMODnet (European waters) · Wikidata (worldwide)": "EMODnet (מים אירופיים) · ויקינתונים (כל העולם)",
-  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "ספינות טרופות מורשת אירופיות מגיעות מ־EMODnet Human Activities; ספינות טרופות בולטות מכל העולם מגיעות מוויקינתונים. הצבע מראה מתי הספינה טבעה; גודל הסמן גדל עם מספר ההרוגים. לחצו על סמן כדי לפתוח את הכרטיס שלו."
+  "EMODnet (European waters) · Wikidata (worldwide)": "EMODnet (מימי אירופה) · ויקינתונים (כל העולם)",
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "ספינות טרופות אירופיות בעלות ערך מורשת מגיעות מ־EMODnet Human Activities; ספינות טרופות בולטות מכל העולם מגיעות מוויקינתונים. הצבע מראה מתי הספינה טבעה; הסמן גדל ככל שמספר ההרוגים עולה. לחץ על סמן כדי לפתוח את הכרטיס שלו."
 }
diff --git a/src/voice/layerManifest.js b/src/voice/layerManifest.js
index bf9d621f9..da277293f 100644
--- a/src/voice/layerManifest.js
+++ b/src/voice/layerManifest.js
@@ -457,9 +457,9 @@ export const VOICE_OFF_LAYERS = Object.freeze({
   // query for this layer wait until there is room.
   'drone-airspace':
     'informational airspace layer; no room in the prompt budget',
-  news: 'browsed in the News panel; voice tools are a later step',
   // Same budget: a historical wreck archive waits for room too.
   shipwrecks: 'historical shipwreck archive; no room in the prompt budget',
+  news: 'browsed in the News panel; voice tools are a later step',
   'wildlife-sightings':
     'community observation layer; no room in the prompt budget',
 });

From 259bc1a024ce9d8508645e4e53628b07594023ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 14:12:42 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 148/181] feat(flights): show a Planespotters photo even when
 it names no photographer

A photo whose answer gave no photographer was dropped as no photo. It is
now shown, still linked to its Planespotters page, with no credit line.
---
 DATA_SOURCES.md                        |  4 ++--
 src/data/planespottersPhoto.js         | 15 ++++++++-------
 src/data/planespottersPhoto.test.mjs   | 13 ++++++++++---
 src/layers/awareness/panel.js          |  7 ++++---
 src/layers/awareness/panel.test.mjs    | 11 +++++++++++
 src/ui/views/panels/AwarenessPanel.vue |  2 +-
 6 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/DATA_SOURCES.md b/DATA_SOURCES.md
index 03a37ee5a..847350459 100644
--- a/DATA_SOURCES.md
+++ b/DATA_SOURCES.md
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ How to read this:
 | **adsb.lol point API**                                                | Bounded live-flight fallback when OpenSky has no usable snapshot; GNSS Integrity layer (aircraft-reported NIC/NACp and GPS-loss integrity facts, via `/api/gnss-integrity`, 60 s server cache)                                                                    | ODbL 1.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | adsb.lol contributors; `api.adsb.lol/v2/lat/{lat}/lon/{lon}/dist/{radius}`                                                                  |
 | **adsb.lol**                                                          | Military flights + aircraft traces                                                                                                  | ODbL 1.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | "adsb.lol" (ODbL)                                                                                                                           |
 | **adsbdb** (`api.adsbdb.com`) | Aircraft type, model name and registration by ICAO hex for enriched flights; airline and origin/destination airports for the tracked flight's callsign | No licence or rate limit is published for the service. Its own credits: aircraft data from PlaneBase, ICAO-to-N-number conversion by Guillaume Michel, and flight route data that "is the work of David Taylor, Edinburgh and Jim Mason, Glasgow, and may not be copied, published, or incorporated into other databases without the explicit permission of David J Taylor, Edinburgh" | "adsbdb — api.adsbdb.com" (courtesy); route data credited to David Taylor, Edinburgh, and Jim Mason, Glasgow |
-| **Planespotters.net** (`api.planespotters.net/pub/photos/hex/{hex}`) | One thumbnail photo of the tracked aircraft, by ICAO hex, in the CONTEXT panel's CONTACTS view under the tracked flight's name | [Planespotters photo API terms](https://www.planespotters.net/photo/api); each photo remains the copyright of its photographer. Thumbnails may be hotlinked on the condition that the photographer is named next to the photo and the photo links to its Planespotters page with a followable link | "Photo © {photographer}" beside every photo, linked to its Planespotters page; "Planespotters.net" in Data attribution |
+| **Planespotters.net** (`api.planespotters.net/pub/photos/hex/{hex}`) | One thumbnail photo of the tracked aircraft, by ICAO hex, in the CONTEXT panel's CONTACTS view under the tracked flight's name | [Planespotters photo API terms](https://www.planespotters.net/photo/api); each photo remains the copyright of its photographer. Thumbnails may be hotlinked on the condition that the photographer is named next to the photo and the photo links to its Planespotters page with a followable link | "Photo © {photographer}" beside every photo that names one, linked to its Planespotters page; "Planespotters.net" in Data attribution |
 | **AISStream.io**                                                      | Live vessels (AIS)                                                                                                                  | Free, beta, no formal ToS; AIS is a public broadcast                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | "AISStream.io" (courtesy)                                                                                                                   |
 | **CelesTrak**                                                         | Satellite TLEs (SGP4) and SATCAT records (object type, operational status, owner) that file each satellite under a class                                                                                                            | US-government-origin data, no license; citation requested                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | "CelesTrak (celestrak.org), Dr. T.S. Kelso"                                                                                                 |
 | **The Space Devs — Launch Library 2 v2.3**                            | Recent launch, payload, stage, and recovery metadata for Space Missions (30d)                                                       | [The Space Devs terms of use](https://github.com/TheSpaceDevs/Tutorials/blob/main/faqs/faq_TSD.md#terms-of-use): data may be used and shared in any form; avoid forwarding it without added value; attribution is encouraged (not mandatory). [Official API limits](https://ll.thespacedevs.com/docs/): 15 unauthenticated calls/hour; optional token | "Launch Library 2 — The Space Devs" (courtesy attribution)                                                                                  |
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ The optional Local ADS-B layer and the broadcast-FM receiver use radio you recei
 
 
 - **adsbdb enrichment.** `/api/adsbdb` resolves an ICAO hex to aircraft type, model name and registration, and the tracked flight's callsign to an airline and an origin/destination pair. Fan-out is deliberately small because adsbdb is a free community API that publishes no quota: at most 4 requests in flight, dispatches dripped to roughly 5/s, and each key asked for at most once per session (for the flights layer's enrichment, a lookup that failed temporarily, such as an outage, a timeout, a rate limit or an authorization refusal that may clear, may be asked again after a 60-second cool-down; an answer, found or not, and a permanent refusal such as a 404 are final; Local ADS-B lookups are asked once), with route lookups reserved for the tracked aircraft. The dev-server proxy caches each key for 24 hours in `.gev-cache/adsbdb.json`, negative answers included, so fresh entries survive server restarts. That gitignored cache remains local to the deployment and is not bundled with this repo. adsbdb publishes no general service license; its README says the route data may not be copied, published, or incorporated into other databases without the explicit permission of David J Taylor, Edinburgh. Deployers are responsible for obtaining any permission their use requires. Enrichment is best-effort and fail-silent — a flight that gets no answer keeps what the flight feed already gave it.
-- **Planespotters photos.** When you track an aircraft, the browser asks `https://api.planespotters.net/pub/photos/hex/{hex}` directly (the API answers cross-origin, so no key and no server proxy are involved) for that aircraft only, once per hex per session, through the same enrichment queue as adsbdb, with an 8-second timeout. A miss is remembered for the session; a request that failed temporarily (an outage, the timeout or a rate limit) may be asked again after a 60-second cool-down while the aircraft stays tracked, as for the flights layer's other enrichment. Either way no photo shows meanwhile. The first photo whose image is an `https://` URL on `*.plnspttrs.net`, whose page is an `https://www.planespotters.net` URL, and which names its photographer is shown in the CONTEXT panel's CONTACTS view, under the tracked flight's name (`src/ui/views/panels/AwarenessPanel.vue`), and nowhere else; a vessel, an installation, a military aircraft or a converted TR-3B has none, and a military aircraft or TR-3B is never looked up. Anything else is dropped, so the app never shows or links outside Planespotters (`src/data/planespottersPhoto.js`, also exported as `gods-eye-view/sources/planespotters` for servers that cache the lookup). The photo follows the attribution rules: the thumbnail is hotlinked from the URL the API gives (never copied or re-hosted), the photographer's name is visible text next to it ("Photo © {photographer}"), and the photo and credit are a plain link to the photo's Planespotters page with `target="_blank" rel="noopener"` and never `rel="nofollow"`. If the image fails to load, the photo and its credit are hidden.
+- **Planespotters photos.** When you track an aircraft, the browser asks `https://api.planespotters.net/pub/photos/hex/{hex}` directly (the API answers cross-origin, so no key and no server proxy are involved) for that aircraft only, once per hex per session, through the same enrichment queue as adsbdb, with an 8-second timeout. A miss is remembered for the session; a request that failed temporarily (an outage, the timeout or a rate limit) may be asked again after a 60-second cool-down while the aircraft stays tracked, as for the flights layer's other enrichment. Either way no photo shows meanwhile. The first photo whose image is an `https://` URL on `*.plnspttrs.net`, and whose page is an `https://www.planespotters.net` URL is shown in the CONTEXT panel's CONTACTS view, under the tracked flight's name (`src/ui/views/panels/AwarenessPanel.vue`), and nowhere else; a vessel, an installation, a military aircraft or a converted TR-3B has none, and a military aircraft or TR-3B is never looked up. Anything else is dropped, so the app never shows or links outside Planespotters (`src/data/planespottersPhoto.js`, also exported as `gods-eye-view/sources/planespotters` for servers that cache the lookup). The photo follows the attribution rules: the thumbnail is hotlinked from the URL the API gives (never copied or re-hosted), the photographer's name, when the answer gives one, is visible text next to it ("Photo © {photographer}"; a photo whose answer names no one shows no credit line), and the photo and credit are a plain link to the photo's Planespotters page with `target="_blank" rel="noopener"` and never `rel="nofollow"`. If the image fails to load, the photo and its credit are hidden.
 - **Launch Library 2.** `/api/launches` makes a server-side rolling-30-day query against the supported v2.3 detailed launch endpoint, caches successful responses for 15 minutes in memory and on disk, and serves the last successful response during a throttle or transient outage. Anonymous access is limited to 15 calls/hour; deployments can provide `LL2_API_TOKEN` for authenticated access. The Space Devs' published terms permit using and sharing the API data in any form, ask users not to forward it without adding value, disclaim complete accuracy, and encourage—but do not require—attribution. This app keeps a courtesy credit. Payload and stage/recovery records are shown only when supplied. Failed launches expose their source status and never receive fallback orbit geometry or a live/estimated marker. LL2 supplies launch context and event timing, not continuous ascent telemetry or live orbital state.
 - **TfL JamCams.** The camera list comes from the keyless `api.tfl.gov.uk` endpoint (an optional `TFL_APP_KEY` raises its rate limit); frames come from TfL's public S3 bucket. The "Powered by TfL Open Data" attribution is required by TfL's terms and is registered in the Data attribution popover.
 - **Ontario 511 CCTV.** The camera list comes from the `511on.ca/api/v2/get/cameras` endpoint, which now requires a free developer key (`ONTARIO_511_API_KEY`: sign up at 511on.ca/my511/register, then request it while logged in at 511on.ca/developers/doc; throttled to 10 calls a minute). Without the key the pack is skipped. Frames are server-registered still images under `511on.ca/map/Cctv/`. The source is live-fetched at runtime and attributed under the Open Government Licence - Ontario. Access is governed by Ontario 511's Developer's Access Agreement (511on.ca/developers/resources): the data stays under the Open Government Licence - Ontario unless otherwise specified; key requests are reviewed case by case and ask for the intended use and any third parties that will receive the data; attribution by link to 511on.ca is encouraged, and the Ontario 511 logo may not be altered or used to imply endorsement (this app links and shows no logo); and the data is provided "as is", a disclaimer distributors should pass on, which the credit does.
diff --git a/src/data/planespottersPhoto.js b/src/data/planespottersPhoto.js
index 8346df49f..2786229f8 100644
--- a/src/data/planespottersPhoto.js
+++ b/src/data/planespottersPhoto.js
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 /**
  * @module planespottersPhoto
- * @description Reads a Planespotters photo answer into the one credited
- * thumbnail every surface shows. Planespotters lets the thumbnail be hotlinked
- * on the condition that the photographer is credited next to it and the image
- * links back to the photo's page, so a photo without a photographer, or whose
- * image or page is not on Planespotters' own hosts, is "no photo": nothing
- * arbitrary is ever shown or linked.
+ * @description Reads a Planespotters photo answer into the one thumbnail
+ * every surface shows. Planespotters lets the thumbnail be hotlinked on the
+ * condition that the photographer is credited next to it and the image links
+ * back to the photo's page. A photo whose answer names no photographer is
+ * still shown, linked to its page, with no credit line; a photo whose image or
+ * page is not on Planespotters' own hosts is "no photo": nothing arbitrary is
+ * ever shown or linked.
  *
  * Accepts the upstream answer (`GET https://api.planespotters.net/pub/photos/hex/{hex}`,
  * `{photos: [...]}`), the cached server shape
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ function checked({ src, width, height, photographer, link }) {
   const credit = typeof photographer === 'string' ? photographer.trim() : '';
   const image = imageSrc(src);
   const page = pageLink(link);
-  if (!credit || !image || !page) return null;
+  if (!image || !page) return null;
   return {
     found: true,
     src: image,
diff --git a/src/data/planespottersPhoto.test.mjs b/src/data/planespottersPhoto.test.mjs
index e051367f2..ceaace433 100644
--- a/src/data/planespottersPhoto.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/planespottersPhoto.test.mjs
@@ -105,6 +105,16 @@ test('a server’s cached shape falls back to its small thumbnail when the large
   }
 });
 
+test('a photo that names no photographer is still a photo, uncredited', () => {
+  for (const photographer of ['', '   ', 42, undefined]) {
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      parsePlanespottersPhoto(photo({ photographer })),
+      { ...PHOTO, photographer: '' },
+      String(photographer),
+    );
+  }
+});
+
 test('no photo, junk, and missing fields are "no photo"', () => {
   for (const payload of [
     { photos: [] },
@@ -114,9 +124,6 @@ test('no photo, junk, and missing fields are "no photo"', () => {
     'nope',
     { photos: 'nope' },
     { photos: [null] },
-    photo({ photographer: '' }),
-    photo({ photographer: '   ' }),
-    photo({ photographer: 42 }),
     photo({ link: '' }),
     photo({ thumbnail: null, thumbnail_large: null }),
   ]) {
diff --git a/src/layers/awareness/panel.js b/src/layers/awareness/panel.js
index fbc9725c9..182baa6e1 100644
--- a/src/layers/awareness/panel.js
+++ b/src/layers/awareness/panel.js
@@ -198,9 +198,10 @@ export function createPanel({ state: layerState, parts }) {
       width: photo.width ?? null,
       height: photo.height ?? null,
       link: photo.link,
-      credit: t('Photo © {photographer}', {
-        photographer: photo.photographer,
-      }),
+      // A photo whose answer names no photographer shows no credit line.
+      credit: photo.photographer
+        ? t('Photo © {photographer}', { photographer: photo.photographer })
+        : '',
     };
   }
 
diff --git a/src/layers/awareness/panel.test.mjs b/src/layers/awareness/panel.test.mjs
index 4fa2c448c..ec361080d 100644
--- a/src/layers/awareness/panel.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/awareness/panel.test.mjs
@@ -87,6 +87,17 @@ test('the Contacts view carries the tracked flight’s photo with its credit', (
   });
 });
 
+test('the Contacts view shows an uncredited photo with no credit line', () => {
+  const view = photoView(FLIGHT, {
+    layerId: 'flights',
+    id: 'abc123',
+    photo: { ...PHOTO, photographer: '' },
+  });
+  assert.equal(view.photo.src, PHOTO.src);
+  assert.equal(view.photo.link, PHOTO.link);
+  assert.equal(view.photo.credit, '');
+});
+
 test('the Contacts view has no photo without one, or with another subject’s', () => {
   assert.equal(photoView(FLIGHT, null).photo, null);
   assert.equal(
diff --git a/src/ui/views/panels/AwarenessPanel.vue b/src/ui/views/panels/AwarenessPanel.vue
index 7179cb251..d115194fd 100644
--- a/src/ui/views/panels/AwarenessPanel.vue
+++ b/src/ui/views/panels/AwarenessPanel.vue
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ onUpdated(() => {
       <div class="military-awareness-subject">{{ view.subject }}</div>
       <a v-if="view.photo && view.photo.src !== failedPhoto" class="military-awareness-photo" :href="view.photo.link" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
         <img :src="view.photo.src" :width="view.photo.width ?? undefined" :height="view.photo.height ?? undefined" alt="" @error="fail" />
-        <small>{{ view.photo.credit }}</small>
+        <small v-if="view.photo.credit">{{ view.photo.credit }}</small>
       </a>
       <AwarenessNames v-if="view.subjectNames" :names="view.subjectNames" />
       <div class="military-awareness-controls" role="group" :aria-label="view.navigation.label">

From f1b843aaa10fd7c25967241ea9129241e1ff853c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 14:12:58 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 149/181] docs(changelog): uncredited Planespotters photos are
 shown

---
 changelog.d/1657-photo-without-credit.md | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1657-photo-without-credit.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1657-photo-without-credit.md b/changelog.d/1657-photo-without-credit.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba5f6b84b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1657-photo-without-credit.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+- A tracked aircraft's Planespotters photo is shown even when the answer names
+  no photographer, linked to its Planespotters page with no credit line,
+  instead of no photo at all (Sameh Khamis, @samehkhamis, #1657).

From 630e1b1998a3b7aed4658d8d907ab1ac818c5541 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 18:11:30 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 150/181] Hide street-vehicle brackets and labels behind
 buildings and terrain

The detection overlay only hid a contact behind the Earth's curve, so a
street vehicle behind or under a building, a 3D tile or a hill still had
its bracket and "VEH-nnnn" callout painted over that geometry, while its
own dot was depth-tested and correctly hidden.

A contact a layer marks `depthTested: true` (only Street Traffic does) is
now tested against the depth the scene drew and left out of the overlay
while a drawn surface stands in front of it by more than max(3 m, 2% of
its range). Other layers are untouched: their markers are drawn over the
scene on purpose.

The test runs on the GPU and never waits for it. Each tested contact is
one point drawn inside an occlusion query; the vertex shader looks up the
frame's packed pick depth at the contact's pixel, decodes it and drops the
point when the surface is nearer than the contact's threshold. Query
results are collected on later frames. Reading depth back was measured
and rejected: `scene.pickPosition` per contact costs 0.2 to 1.4 ms each,
and Chromium answers `getBufferSubData` with a round trip to its GPU
process even behind a signalled sync object (1.5 ms on a quiet machine,
15 to 25 ms on a busy one).

- Contacts are retested every 100 to 200 ms, spread across frames, at
  most 256 a frame; with more in view the pace stretches so none starves.
- Hiding is immediate. A hidden contact returns 600 ms after its last
  "hidden" answer, so one on a silhouette edge does not blink, and a
  contact new to the view is held back until its first answer (400 ms at
  most), so orbiting does not flash brackets behind buildings.
- A callout whose contact goes behind something is dropped at once, not
  carried to the next solve and not faded out on the facade.
- These times run on painted frames, so a hidden tab does not expire them.
- A control point in every batch must draw; if it does not, the batch is
  ignored and after three the probe stands down for ten seconds. With no
  pick depth (2D, Columbus view, depth picking off) nothing is hidden.
  A WebGL 1 context reads depth back synchronously about 8 times a second.

The renderer internals this depends on are read in one function,
`readSceneDepthSource`, with the engine version they were checked against.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                 |  27 +
 scripts/package-boundaries.json       |   4 +
 src/data/detection.js                 |  86 ++-
 src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs       | 292 ++++++++++
 src/data/detectionOcclusion.js        | 410 ++++++++++++++
 src/data/detectionOcclusion.test.mjs  | 618 ++++++++++++++++++++
 src/data/fixtures/fakeDepthScene.mjs  | 339 +++++++++++
 src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.js       | 773 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.test.mjs | 664 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/layers/traffic/controls.js        |   3 +
 10 files changed, 3215 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 src/data/detectionOcclusion.js
 create mode 100644 src/data/detectionOcclusion.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/data/fixtures/fakeDepthScene.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.js
 create mode 100644 src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.test.mjs

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index d0204c9e8..602abf037 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -3605,6 +3605,33 @@ isCurrent })` gates BOTH halves of the map-stack switch, which is its only
 >   eye level before detection sees it, so ground-backed labels only reappear
 >   once the camera clears the ellipsoid. Rendered proof:
 >   `scripts/qa-cockpit-plates.mjs`.
+> - **Street vehicles behind geometry lose their bracket and callout
+>   (2026-11-09):** a contact a layer marks `depthTested: true` (only Street
+>   Traffic does) is tested against the depth the scene drew, and is left out
+>   of the overlay while a building, 3D tile, terrain or any other drawn
+>   surface stands in front of it by more than max(3 m, 2% of its range). That
+>   includes vehicles the road data routes through tunnels. Every other layer
+>   is untouched: aircraft, vessels and satellites draw their markers over the
+>   scene on purpose and keep their labels over it. The test runs on the GPU
+>   (`src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.js`): one occlusion query per contact,
+>   repeated every 100 to 200 ms, answered a frame or two later, with nothing
+>   read back from the GPU and so no stall. A contact hides as soon as a
+>   "hidden" answer arrives and returns 600 ms after its last one, which keeps
+>   a contact on a silhouette edge from blinking; a callout whose contact goes
+>   behind something is dropped at once rather than faded out on the facade.
+>   A contact new to the view is held back until its first answer (at most
+>   400 ms), so orbiting a city does not flash a bracket for each vehicle that
+>   swings into frame behind a building. These times run on painted frames,
+>   so a hidden tab or an idle scene does not expire them.
+>   Do not swap this for `scene.pickPosition` per contact or for a depth
+>   read-back: both wait on the GPU process (measured 0.2 to 1.4 ms per pick,
+>   and 1.5 to 25 ms per `getBufferSubData` even behind a signalled sync
+>   object). With no pick depth (2D or Columbus view, depth picking off) or
+>   after a failed self-check, nothing is hidden and
+>   `getDetectionDiagnostics().surfaceDepthMode` reads `off`; a WebGL 1
+>   context reads depth back synchronously about 8 times a second and reads
+>   `sync`. The renderer internals this relies on are listed, with the engine
+>   version they were checked against, in `readSceneDepthSource`.
 > - **Required attribution has two named keep-out rules (2026-08-20):** the
 >   Google/Cesium credit line must stay visible in every state, and below 900px
 >   two surfaces used to paint over it — the command dock's popover tray (any
diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index 220269c82..7d41b8def 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -2599,8 +2599,10 @@
       "src/data/detectionCohort.js",
       "src/data/detectionDraw.js",
       "src/data/detectionPolicy.js",
+      "src/data/detectionOcclusion.js",
       "src/data/detectionPresentation.js",
       "src/data/detectionRenderDemand.js",
+      "src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.js",
       "src/data/earthquakes.js",
       "src/data/fireAnchors.js",
       "src/data/firmsAdapt.js",
@@ -4083,6 +4085,8 @@
       "src/data/detection.js",
       "src/data/detectionRenderDemand.js",
       "src/data/detectionPresentation.js",
+      "src/data/detectionOcclusion.js",
+      "src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.js",
       "src/data/modelEligibility.js",
       "src/app/layers/recentImagery.js",
       "src/layers/recentImagery/index.js",
diff --git a/src/data/detection.js b/src/data/detection.js
index 0ec9e9ba2..770b63fef 100644
--- a/src/data/detection.js
+++ b/src/data/detection.js
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ import {
   viewScaleForAltitude,
 } from './detectionPolicy.js';
 import { detectionBracketOpacity } from './detectionPresentation.js';
+import { SurfaceOcclusion } from './detectionOcclusion.js';
+import { SceneOcclusionProbe } from './sceneOcclusionProbe.js';
 import {
   createCyberSonarSampler,
   cyberSonarFrameDelay,
@@ -268,6 +270,22 @@ let _allocationStrategy = ALLOCATION_ELASTIC;
 let _lastNonOffMode = MODE_BALANCED;
 /** @type {LabelArbiter} Shared stable callout selector. */
 const _labelArbiter = new LabelArbiter();
+/**
+ * Hides the bracket and callout of a depth-tested contact (a street vehicle)
+ * that the scene drew something in front of. `_occlusionProbe` asks the GPU
+ * about each such contact without waiting for the answer; `_surfaceOcclusion`
+ * remembers the answers and decides, every frame, who is drawn.
+ */
+const _occlusionProbe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+const _surfaceOcclusion = new SurfaceOcclusion(_occlusionProbe);
+/**
+ * Keys of callouts the label arbiter still holds for contacts last seen
+ * hidden. A key stays here until its contact is seen drawn again or the
+ * arbiter lets the callout go, so the callout cannot come back at its old
+ * place just because its contact has since left the view.
+ */
+const _surfaceSuppressedKeys = new Set();
+let _surfaceDepthFallbackReported = false;
 let _lastLabelSolveAt = 0;
 let _labelSolveDirty = true;
 let _lastDiagnostics = null;
@@ -372,6 +390,9 @@ export function destroyDetection() {
   _suspended = false;
   _suspendReason = '';
   _labelArbiter.clear();
+  _surfaceOcclusion.clear();
+  _surfaceSuppressedKeys.clear();
+  _occlusionProbe.destroy();
   _lastLabelSolveAt = 0;
   _labelSolveDirty = true;
   _lastDiagnostics = null;
@@ -697,6 +718,9 @@ function _applyModeState() {
     _syncSurfaceVisibility();
     _setLanesActive(false);
     _labelArbiter.clear();
+    _surfaceOcclusion.clear();
+    _surfaceSuppressedKeys.clear();
+    _occlusionProbe.reset();
     _lastLabelSolveAt = 0;
     _labelSolveDirty = true;
     _lastSolveSnapshot = {
@@ -1337,6 +1361,9 @@ function _drawOverlay(frame) {
   // every host lane. Detection retains the manual scalar projection below.
   const occluder = frame.occluder;
   const camPos = frame.cameraPosition;
+  // Answers to the occlusion tests started on earlier frames land here.
+  _surfaceOcclusion.beginFrame(now);
+  _occlusionProbe.beginFrame(_viewer?.scene, _surfaceOcclusion.now);
   const keyhole = frame.keyhole;
   // Read the OUTSIDE setting ONCE per paint, from the same module state the
   // host's own keyhole alpha comes from, so a bracket and its callout can never
@@ -1447,6 +1474,29 @@ function _drawOverlay(frame) {
     // The bracket follows the same linear radial keyhole fade as its callout.
     const color = colorFor(resolveTier(obj));
     const keyholeAlpha = keyholeLabelAlphaFromGeometry(sx, sy, keyhole);
+    // Something the scene drew in front of a depth-tested contact hides its
+    // bracket and callout too, on every frame, not only on solves.
+    if (obj.depthTested === true) {
+      const testedLayerId = obj._layerId || 'unknown';
+      const testedSourceId = obj.sourceId ?? obj.id ?? i;
+      const hidden = _surfaceOcclusion.isHidden(
+        testedLayerId,
+        testedSourceId,
+        obj.position,
+      );
+      // If the arbiter holds a callout for this contact it would keep painting
+      // it until the next solve, and then fade it out where it last stood;
+      // see `_surfaceSuppressedKeys`. Only held contacts cost a key.
+      if (
+        (hidden || _surfaceSuppressedKeys.size > 0) &&
+        renderIdentities.get(testedLayerId)?.has(testedSourceId)
+      ) {
+        const key = _detectionKey(testedLayerId, testedSourceId);
+        if (hidden) _surfaceSuppressedKeys.add(key);
+        else _surfaceSuppressedKeys.delete(key);
+      }
+      if (hidden) continue;
+    }
     const sonarFactor =
       sonarActive && !obj.skipLabel ? sonarSampler.at(sx, sy) : 1;
     const sonarLabelFactor = sonarSampler.label(sonarFactor);
@@ -1547,6 +1597,8 @@ function _drawOverlay(frame) {
         candidateMap.set(candidate.key, candidate);
     }
   }
+  // Start this frame's occlusion tests; nothing here waits for them.
+  _occlusionProbe.endFrame();
 
   const altitude = _viewer?.camera?.positionCartographic?.height ?? 1e9;
   const collectiveBudget = labelBudgetFor(altitude, _densityPct);
@@ -1557,6 +1609,13 @@ function _drawOverlay(frame) {
   let didSolve = false;
   let solveMs = 0;
   if (shouldSolve) {
+    _surfaceOcclusion.prune();
+    if (_occlusionProbe.mode === 'sync' && !_surfaceDepthFallbackReported) {
+      _surfaceDepthFallbackReported = true;
+      console.info(
+        '[detection] No occlusion queries here (WebGL 1); street-vehicle label occlusion reads the frame depth back synchronously, about 8 times a second.',
+      );
+    }
     const quotas = allocateLayerQuotas(
       demandByLayer,
       ambientBudget,
@@ -1643,7 +1702,25 @@ function _drawOverlay(frame) {
     _ctx.lineWidth = bracketWidth;
   }
 
-  const renderEntries = _labelArbiter.renderEntries(candidateMap, now);
+  let renderEntries = _labelArbiter.renderEntries(candidateMap, now);
+  // A callout whose contact has gone behind something goes with it at once:
+  // no carry-over to the next solve and no fade painted on the facade.
+  if (_surfaceSuppressedKeys.size > 0) {
+    const allEntries = renderEntries;
+    renderEntries = allEntries.filter(
+      (entry) => !_surfaceSuppressedKeys.has(entry.candidate.key),
+    );
+    // The arbiter has let some of them go: forget those.
+    if (
+      allEntries.length - renderEntries.length !==
+      _surfaceSuppressedKeys.size
+    ) {
+      const held = new Set();
+      for (const entry of allEntries) held.add(entry.candidate.key);
+      for (const key of _surfaceSuppressedKeys)
+        if (!held.has(key)) _surfaceSuppressedKeys.delete(key);
+    }
+  }
   const fadingCount = countFadingRenderEntries(renderEntries);
   // Demand counts fades in BOTH directions; `fadingCount` above stays the
   // fade-OUT tail because that is what the published diagnostics have always
@@ -1698,6 +1775,13 @@ function _drawOverlay(frame) {
       keyholeRadius: keyhole.radius,
       keyholeFeatherPx: keyhole.featherPx,
       calloutOcclusionCount: calloutOcclusionRects.length,
+      surfaceTestedCount: _surfaceOcclusion.testedCount,
+      surfaceHiddenCount: _surfaceOcclusion.hiddenCount,
+      surfaceDepthMode: _occlusionProbe.mode,
+      // Tests started on the last frame, and what collecting answers and
+      // drawing them cost it.
+      surfaceProbeTests: _occlusionProbe.lastFrameTests,
+      surfaceProbeMs: _occlusionProbe.lastFrameMs,
     };
   } else {
     const selectedCount = _labelArbiter.selectedKeys.size;
diff --git a/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs b/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs
index db01ed18a..c60255993 100644
--- a/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/detectionHost.test.mjs
@@ -36,6 +36,12 @@ import {
   setAwarenessEchoField,
 } from '../awarenessEcho.js';
 import { composeLabel, resolveTier } from './detectionDraw.js';
+import {
+  createFakeDepthScene,
+  createFakeGl,
+  depthImage,
+  viewDistanceToDepth,
+} from './fixtures/fakeDepthScene.mjs';
 
 test('detection diagnostics count rendered fading rows instead of absent selected identities', () => {
   assert.equal(countFadingRenderEntries([
@@ -1369,3 +1375,289 @@ test('transit contacts take the vehicle tier, not the civil-air one', () => {
   assert.equal(resolveTier({ type: 'AIR' }), 'civil');
   assert.equal(resolveTier({ type: 'SEA' }), 'sea');
 });
+
+/**
+ * Give the host environment a scene that keeps frame depth: the camera 10,000
+ * km up the +Z axis looking down it, and one depth range in which the whole
+ * frame is a surface `surfaceDistance()` metres in front of the camera.
+ */
+function installDepthScene(env, surfaceDistance, { webgl2 = true } = {}) {
+  const near = 1;
+  const far = 100_000_000;
+  const gl = createFakeGl({ webgl2 });
+  const camera = env.viewer.camera;
+  camera.viewMatrix = Cesium.Matrix4.fromTranslation(new Cesium.Cartesian3(0, 0, -10_000_000));
+  camera.frustum.fovy = Math.PI / 2;
+  camera.frustum.aspectRatio = 800 / 600;
+  const paint = () =>
+    depthImage(8, 6, () => viewDistanceToDepth(surfaceDistance(), near, far, true));
+  const image = paint();
+  const scene = createFakeDepthScene({ gl, ranges: [{ near, far, image }] });
+  Object.assign(env.viewer.scene, scene, { camera });
+  return {
+    gl,
+    /** Draw the next frame's depth. */
+    redraw() {
+      image.data.set(paint().data);
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/** Street contacts 3,643 km and 2,000 km below the camera, and a flight. */
+function occlusionLayers() {
+  return [
+    {
+      id: 'traffic',
+      getDetectableObjects: () => [
+        { position: new Cesium.Cartesian3(-0.4, 0, 6_356_752), id: 'VEH-0001', type: 'VEH', depthTested: true },
+        { position: new Cesium.Cartesian3(0.4, 0, 8_000_000), id: 'VEH-0002', type: 'VEH', depthTested: true },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      id: 'flights',
+      // The same nearer surface is in front of it, but it is not depth-tested.
+      getDetectableObjects: () => [
+        { position: new Cesium.Cartesian3(-0.4, 0.3, 6_356_752), sourceId: 'f1', id: 'AIR1', metric: 'FL300', type: 'AIR' },
+      ],
+    },
+  ];
+}
+
+function paintedText(env) {
+  return env.ctx.calls.filter(([name]) => name === 'fillText').map(([, text]) => text);
+}
+
+/** One rendered frame 16 ms on; `settleFrame` is one 250 ms on (a solve). */
+function nextFrame(env) {
+  env.advance(16);
+  env.postRender.raise();
+}
+
+test('a depth-tested contact behind drawn geometry loses its bracket and callout, tested on the GPU without anything read back', () => {
+  const env = installEnvironment();
+  // A roof 3,000 km below the camera: in front of VEH-0001, behind VEH-0002.
+  let surface = 3_000_000;
+  const depth = installDepthScene(env, () => surface);
+  try {
+    initWorldOverlay(env.viewer);
+    initDetection(env.viewer, occlusionLayers(), () => {});
+    setMode('DENSE');
+    settleFrame(env);
+    let diagnostics = getDetectionDiagnostics();
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.surfaceDepthMode, 'async');
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.surfaceTestedCount, 2, 'only the depth-tested contacts');
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.surfaceProbeTests, 2);
+    // New to the view, so held back for the frame or two the first answer
+    // takes: neither is drawn yet. The flight is.
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.surfaceHiddenCount, 2, 'no answer has arrived yet');
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.visibleCount, 1);
+    assert.equal(depth.gl.counts.queries, 3, 'a control point and one query per contact');
+
+    // Frames before the GPU answers start nothing new and wait for nothing.
+    nextFrame(env);
+    nextFrame(env);
+    assert.equal(depth.gl.counts.queries, 3);
+    assert.equal(depth.gl.counts.resultReads, 0);
+
+    // The answers land. The contact above the roof is drawn from then on; the
+    // one under it never is.
+    depth.gl.finishGpu();
+    nextFrame(env);
+    depth.gl.finishGpu();
+    settleFrame(env);
+    env.ctx.calls.length = 0;
+    nextFrame(env);
+    assert.ok(!paintedText(env).includes('VEH-0001'));
+    assert.ok(paintedText(env).includes('VEH-0002'));
+
+    // It stays gone, frame after frame and solve after solve.
+    for (let i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
+      depth.gl.finishGpu();
+      env.ctx.calls.length = 0;
+      nextFrame(env);
+      assert.ok(!paintedText(env).includes('VEH-0001'), `frame ${i}`);
+    }
+    depth.gl.finishGpu();
+    settleFrame(env);
+    diagnostics = getDetectionDiagnostics();
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.surfaceHiddenCount, 1);
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.visibleCount, 2, 'the hidden contact has no bracket');
+    assert.ok(diagnostics.labeledKeys.includes('traffic:VEH-0002'));
+    assert.ok(!diagnostics.labeledKeys.includes('traffic:VEH-0001'));
+    assert.ok(diagnostics.labeledKeys.includes('flights:f1'));
+    assert.ok(paintedText(env).includes('AIR1'));
+    assert.equal(depth.gl.counts.readPixels, 0, 'depth never left the GPU');
+
+    // The roof goes away: the bracket returns once visible answers have kept
+    // coming for the reappear time, and the callout once a solve re-admits it.
+    surface = 5_000_000;
+    depth.redraw();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 80; i++) {
+      depth.gl.finishGpu();
+      nextFrame(env);
+    }
+    for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+      depth.gl.finishGpu();
+      settleFrame(env);
+    }
+    diagnostics = getDetectionDiagnostics();
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.surfaceHiddenCount, 0);
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.visibleCount, 3);
+    assert.ok(diagnostics.labeledKeys.includes('traffic:VEH-0001'));
+  } finally {
+    env.cleanup();
+  }
+});
+
+test('a labelled contact that goes behind something loses its callout at once, and does not get it back by leaving the view', () => {
+  const env = installEnvironment();
+  // To begin with the drawn surface is below both vehicles.
+  let surface = 5_000_000;
+  const depth = installDepthScene(env, () => surface);
+  const layers = occlusionLayers();
+  const everyVehicle = layers[0].getDetectableObjects;
+  const answerAndSolve = (count) => {
+    for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      depth.gl.finishGpu();
+      settleFrame(env);
+    }
+  };
+  try {
+    initWorldOverlay(env.viewer);
+    initDetection(env.viewer, layers, () => {});
+    setMode('DENSE');
+    answerAndSolve(6);
+    assert.ok(getDetectionDiagnostics().labeledKeys.includes('traffic:VEH-0001'));
+    env.ctx.calls.length = 0;
+    nextFrame(env);
+    assert.ok(paintedText(env).includes('VEH-0001'));
+
+    // A roof is drawn over VEH-0001. Its callout goes on the frame the answer
+    // lands, which is not a solve: no carry-over, no fade.
+    surface = 3_000_000;
+    depth.redraw();
+    let gone = -1;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 30 && gone < 0; i++) {
+      depth.gl.finishGpu();
+      env.ctx.calls.length = 0;
+      nextFrame(env);
+      if (!paintedText(env).includes('VEH-0001')) gone = i;
+    }
+    assert.ok(gone >= 0, 'the callout went');
+    // The layer stops reporting it (it drove out of view). The arbiter still
+    // remembers where its callout was; it must not paint it there again.
+    layers[0].getDetectableObjects = () => everyVehicle().slice(1);
+    for (let i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
+      depth.gl.finishGpu();
+      env.ctx.calls.length = 0;
+      nextFrame(env);
+      assert.ok(!paintedText(env).includes('VEH-0001'), `frame ${i}`);
+    }
+  } finally {
+    env.cleanup();
+  }
+});
+
+test('without scene depth every contact keeps its bracket and callout', () => {
+  const env = installEnvironment();
+  try {
+    initWorldOverlay(env.viewer);
+    initDetection(env.viewer, occlusionLayers(), () => {});
+    setMode('DENSE');
+    settleFrame(env);
+    settleFrame(env);
+    const diagnostics = getDetectionDiagnostics();
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.surfaceDepthMode, 'off');
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.surfaceTestedCount, 2);
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.surfaceProbeTests, 0);
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.surfaceHiddenCount, 0);
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.visibleCount, 3);
+    assert.ok(diagnostics.labeledKeys.includes('traffic:VEH-0001'));
+  } finally {
+    env.cleanup();
+  }
+});
+
+test('scene depth that goes away puts hidden contacts back', () => {
+  const env = installEnvironment();
+  const depth = installDepthScene(env, () => 3_000_000);
+  try {
+    initWorldOverlay(env.viewer);
+    initDetection(env.viewer, occlusionLayers(), () => {});
+    setMode('DENSE');
+    settleFrame(env);
+    depth.gl.finishGpu();
+    settleFrame(env);
+    assert.equal(getDetectionDiagnostics().surfaceHiddenCount, 1);
+    // The scene stops keeping pick depth (a 2D view, depth picking turned off).
+    depth.gl.finishGpu();
+    env.viewer.scene.useDepthPicking = false;
+    // The hidden time runs on painted frames, so paint a second's worth.
+    for (let i = 0; i < 70; i++) nextFrame(env);
+    settleFrame(env);
+    const diagnostics = getDetectionDiagnostics();
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.surfaceDepthMode, 'off');
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.surfaceHiddenCount, 0);
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.visibleCount, 3);
+  } finally {
+    env.cleanup();
+  }
+});
+
+test('turning detection off drops every test in flight; tearing it down frees the GPU objects', () => {
+  const env = installEnvironment();
+  const depth = installDepthScene(env, () => 3_000_000);
+  try {
+    initWorldOverlay(env.viewer);
+    initDetection(env.viewer, occlusionLayers(), () => {});
+    setMode('DENSE');
+    settleFrame(env);
+    assert.equal(depth.gl.liveQueries.size, 3);
+    // Off keeps the GPU objects (the shader is not compiled again on the next
+    // on) but the answers in flight are no longer wanted.
+    setMode('OFF');
+    assert.equal(depth.gl.counts.deleted, 0);
+    depth.gl.finishGpu();
+    setMode('DENSE');
+    settleFrame(env);
+    assert.equal(depth.gl.counts.queries, 6, 'both contacts are tested afresh');
+    assert.equal(depth.gl.liveQueries.size, 3, 'on the same queries, reused');
+    depth.gl.finishGpu();
+    nextFrame(env);
+    settleFrame(env);
+    assert.equal(getDetectionDiagnostics().surfaceHiddenCount, 1);
+    assert.equal(getDetectionDiagnostics().visibleCount, 2);
+  } finally {
+    env.cleanup();
+  }
+  // Tearing detection down releases everything.
+  assert.equal(depth.gl.liveQueries.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(depth.gl.counts.deleted, 5);
+});
+
+test('a WebGL 1 scene reads depth synchronously and reports it once', () => {
+  const env = installEnvironment();
+  const depth = installDepthScene(env, () => 3_000_000, { webgl2: false });
+  const originalInfo = console.info;
+  const reported = [];
+  console.info = (...args) => reported.push(args.join(' '));
+  try {
+    initWorldOverlay(env.viewer);
+    initDetection(env.viewer, occlusionLayers(), () => {});
+    setMode('DENSE');
+    for (let i = 0; i < 30; i++) nextFrame(env);
+    settleFrame(env);
+    const diagnostics = getDetectionDiagnostics();
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.surfaceDepthMode, 'sync');
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.surfaceHiddenCount, 1);
+    assert.equal(diagnostics.visibleCount, 2);
+    // Half a second of frames: a read about every eighth of one, not one per
+    // frame and not one per contact.
+    assert.ok(depth.gl.counts.readPixels >= 3 && depth.gl.counts.readPixels <= 6, `${depth.gl.counts.readPixels} reads`);
+    assert.equal(reported.length, 1);
+    assert.match(reported[0], /synchronously/);
+  } finally {
+    console.info = originalInfo;
+    env.cleanup();
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/data/detectionOcclusion.js b/src/data/detectionOcclusion.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22c8d2ac4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/detectionOcclusion.js
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+/**
+ * Scene-geometry occlusion for detection contacts.
+ *
+ * The overlay's own horizon test only knows about the Earth's curve. A contact
+ * whose marker the scene depth-tests (a street vehicle's dot) can still sit
+ * behind a building, a 3D tile or a hill, and painting its bracket and callout
+ * there puts a label on the facade in front of it.
+ *
+ * The fix compares each such contact with what the renderer actually drew: if
+ * the drawn surface along the contact's ray is nearer than the contact by more
+ * than a small margin, something stands in front of it and its bracket and
+ * callout are not drawn. `sceneOcclusionProbe.js` runs that comparison on the
+ * GPU, against the frame's own depth, and hands back a yes or no per contact a
+ * frame or two later without ever waiting on the GPU. This file holds the
+ * arithmetic both sides share and the per-contact memory of the answers.
+ *
+ * Only contacts that opt in with `depthTested: true` are tested: the ones whose
+ * marker the scene itself hides behind geometry. Everything else keeps its
+ * label exactly as before, which covers contacts high above the ground
+ * (aircraft, satellites): their markers are drawn on top of the scene by
+ * design, their 3D models can be scaled up to a minimum pixel size and so fill
+ * the very pixel being read, and a label that hid while its marker stayed on
+ * screen would be the worse mismatch.
+ *
+ * This file is plain arithmetic; it never touches the renderer.
+ */
+
+/** Never less than this: covers a dot drawn a little above or into its road. */
+export const SURFACE_OCCLUSION_MIN_MARGIN_M = 3;
+/** Grows with range so depth-buffer precision never reads as an occluder. */
+export const SURFACE_OCCLUSION_MARGIN_FRACTION = 0.02;
+
+/**
+ * How much nearer than the contact the drawn surface must be before it counts
+ * as standing in front of it.
+ * @param {number} contactDistance Camera-to-contact distance in metres.
+ * @returns {number} Margin in metres.
+ */
+export function surfaceOcclusionMargin(contactDistance) {
+  const distance = Number(contactDistance);
+  if (!(distance > 0)) return SURFACE_OCCLUSION_MIN_MARGIN_M;
+  return Math.max(
+    SURFACE_OCCLUSION_MIN_MARGIN_M,
+    distance * SURFACE_OCCLUSION_MARGIN_FRACTION,
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether a drawn surface hides a contact.
+ * @param {number} contactDistance Camera-to-contact distance in metres.
+ * @param {number|undefined} surfaceDistance Camera-to-drawn-surface distance
+ *   along the contact's ray; undefined or non-finite when nothing was drawn.
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function surfaceHidesContact(contactDistance, surfaceDistance) {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(contactDistance) || !Number.isFinite(surfaceDistance))
+    return false;
+  return (
+    surfaceDistance < contactDistance - surfaceOcclusionMargin(contactDistance)
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Unpack a depth the renderer stored across the four bytes of an RGBA8 texel
+ * (most significant byte first, each byte a base-255 digit).
+ * @param {ArrayLike<number>} bytes
+ * @param {number} offset Index of the texel's red byte.
+ * @returns {number} Window-space depth in [0, 1].
+ */
+export function unpackDepth(bytes, offset) {
+  return (
+    bytes[offset] / 255 +
+    bytes[offset + 1] / 65025 +
+    bytes[offset + 2] / 16581375 +
+    bytes[offset + 3] / 4228250625
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert a window-space depth to the distance in front of the camera, measured
+ * along the view direction, for one depth range ("frustum") of the frame.
+ *
+ * Logarithmic depth stores `log2(z - near + 1) / log2(far - near + 1)`.
+ * Standard perspective depth stores `far * (z - near) / (z * (far - near))`.
+ *
+ * @param {number} depth Window-space depth in [0, 1].
+ * @param {number} near Near plane of the range, metres.
+ * @param {number} far Far plane of the range, metres.
+ * @param {boolean} logDepth Whether the frame was drawn with logarithmic depth.
+ * @returns {number} Metres along the view direction, or NaN where the range
+ *   drew nothing (depth at or outside the ends of [0, 1]).
+ */
+export function depthToViewDistance(depth, near, far, logDepth) {
+  if (!(depth > 0) || !(depth < 1)) return Number.NaN;
+  if (!(near > 0) || !(far > near)) return Number.NaN;
+  if (logDepth)
+    return near + Math.pow(2, depth * Math.log2(far - near + 1)) - 1;
+  return (near * far) / (far - depth * (far - near));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Where a world position falls in a frame, and how near a drawn surface has to
+ * be there to hide it.
+ *
+ * A surface hides the contact when its distance along the contact's ray is
+ * under the contact's own distance less the margin. Along one ray, distance
+ * and view distance (depth in front of the camera) are in a fixed ratio, so
+ * the same rule reads: the surface's view distance is under
+ * `viewDistance * (1 - margin / contactDistance)`. That number is `threshold`,
+ * and comparing a decoded depth with it is all the GPU has to do.
+ *
+ * @param {ArrayLike<number>} view World-to-camera matrix, column-major, the
+ *   camera looking down its own -Z axis.
+ * @param {number} tanHalfFovX
+ * @param {number} tanHalfFovY
+ * @param {{x: number, y: number, z: number}} position
+ * @param {{u: number, v: number, threshold: number}} out `u`, `v` in [0, 1)
+ *   from the bottom-left corner of the frame.
+ * @returns {boolean} False when the position is behind the camera or outside
+ *   the frame; `out` is then untouched.
+ */
+export function projectContact(view, tanHalfFovX, tanHalfFovY, position, out) {
+  const { x, y, z } = position;
+  const viewDistance = -(view[2] * x + view[6] * y + view[10] * z + view[14]);
+  if (!(viewDistance > 0)) return false;
+  const ex = view[0] * x + view[4] * y + view[8] * z + view[12];
+  const ey = view[1] * x + view[5] * y + view[9] * z + view[13];
+  const u = (ex / (viewDistance * tanHalfFovX)) * 0.5 + 0.5;
+  const v = (ey / (viewDistance * tanHalfFovY)) * 0.5 + 0.5;
+  if (!(u >= 0 && u < 1 && v >= 0 && v < 1)) return false;
+  const contactDistance = Math.sqrt(
+    ex * ex + ey * ey + viewDistance * viewDistance,
+  );
+  out.u = u;
+  out.v = v;
+  out.threshold =
+    viewDistance *
+    (1 - surfaceOcclusionMargin(contactDistance) / contactDistance);
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * One frame of depth read back to memory, with the camera it was drawn from.
+ * Only the synchronous fallback uses this (see `sceneOcclusionProbe.js`); the
+ * normal path never copies depth off the GPU.
+ *
+ * `bytes` holds `frustums.length` stacked images of `width` x `height` RGBA8
+ * texels, nearest depth range first, rows bottom to top (the order the
+ * graphics API reads them back in).
+ */
+export class DepthSnapshot {
+  /**
+   * @param {{
+   *   width: number, height: number, bytes: Uint8Array,
+   *   frustums: Array<{near: number, far: number}>, logDepth: boolean,
+   *   view: ArrayLike<number>, tanHalfFovX: number, tanHalfFovY: number,
+   * }} fields
+   */
+  constructor(fields) {
+    this.width = fields.width;
+    this.height = fields.height;
+    this.bytes = fields.bytes;
+    this.frustums = fields.frustums;
+    this.logDepth = fields.logDepth === true;
+    this.view = fields.view;
+    this.tanHalfFovX = fields.tanHalfFovX;
+    this.tanHalfFovY = fields.tanHalfFovY;
+    this._projected = { u: 0, v: 0, threshold: 0 };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Distance along the view direction to the nearest surface drawn at a texel.
+   * @param {number} column
+   * @param {number} row Counted from the bottom of the frame.
+   * @returns {number} Metres, or NaN where nothing was drawn.
+   */
+  surfaceViewDistance(column, row) {
+    const { width, height, bytes, frustums, logDepth } = this;
+    const texel = (row * width + column) * 4;
+    const layer = width * height * 4;
+    for (let i = 0; i < frustums.length; i++) {
+      const distance = depthToViewDistance(
+        unpackDepth(bytes, i * layer + texel),
+        frustums[i].near,
+        frustums[i].far,
+        logDepth,
+      );
+      if (distance === distance) return distance;
+    }
+    return Number.NaN;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Whether the frame drew something in front of a world position.
+   * @param {{x: number, y: number, z: number}} position
+   * @returns {boolean|null} Null when the position is outside the frame.
+   */
+  hides(position) {
+    const projected = this._projected;
+    if (
+      !projectContact(
+        this.view,
+        this.tanHalfFovX,
+        this.tanHalfFovY,
+        position,
+        projected,
+      )
+    )
+      return null;
+    return (
+      this.surfaceViewDistance(
+        Math.floor(projected.u * this.width),
+        Math.floor(projected.v * this.height),
+      ) < projected.threshold
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A contact is tested again at most this long, and at least half this long,
+ * after its last test was started, so a view full of contacts spreads its
+ * tests over about ten frames instead of repeating all of them on every one.
+ * With more contacts in view than the probe's per-frame budget can serve at
+ * that pace, the interval stretches (see `SurfaceOcclusion.beginFrame`).
+ */
+export const SURFACE_RETEST_MS = 200;
+
+/**
+ * A contact stays hidden at least this long after the last test that found it
+ * hidden, and never less than three retest intervals.
+ *
+ * Going behind something takes effect as soon as the answer arrives. Coming
+ * back takes several visible answers in a row, so a contact on a silhouette
+ * edge, which tests either way from one frame to the next while the camera
+ * orbits, stays off instead of blinking. It is also the clean failure: when
+ * answers stop arriving (no depth to test against) every contact is drawn
+ * again within this time, exactly as before this test existed.
+ */
+export const SURFACE_REAPPEAR_MS = 600;
+
+/**
+ * A contact that has never had an answer is held back this long, at most,
+ * while a working probe gets it one.
+ *
+ * A contact new to the view would otherwise be drawn for the frame or two its
+ * first test takes, and then vanish if it turned out to be behind something:
+ * a camera orbiting a city would flash a bracket for every vehicle that
+ * swings into the frame behind a building. With no working probe nothing is
+ * held back, and past this time the contact is drawn whatever happens.
+ */
+export const SURFACE_FIRST_ANSWER_MS = 400;
+
+/**
+ * The most one frame advances the occlusion clock.
+ *
+ * Every interval above is measured on a clock that only runs while the
+ * overlay is painting: each painted frame moves it on by the time since the
+ * last one, but never by more than this. Answers only arrive while frames are
+ * painted, so on a wall clock a pause (a hidden tab, a scene with nothing to
+ * redraw) would run out every "hidden" at once and the first frame afterwards
+ * would paint every label over the buildings again until fresh answers came.
+ * On this clock a pause of any length counts as one slow frame.
+ */
+export const SURFACE_MAX_FRAME_STEP_MS = 50;
+
+/** A contact not drawn for this long is forgotten. */
+export const SURFACE_FORGET_MS = 2000;
+
+/**
+ * What is remembered about one contact.
+ * @typedef {{lastHiddenAt: number, hiddenUntil: number, appliedHiddenAt: number,
+ *   queuedAt: number, pending: boolean, answered: boolean, firstSeenAt: number,
+ *   seenAt: number}} SurfaceContact Times are on the occlusion clock.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Per-contact occlusion answers, and the schedule that keeps them fresh.
+ *
+ * `probe` is whatever tests a contact against the drawn scene. It has
+ * `add(contact, position)`, which starts a test (setting `contact.pending`)
+ * and returns false when it cannot take one now, and it reports back by
+ * clearing `contact.pending`, setting `contact.answered` and, when the
+ * contact was hidden, setting `contact.lastHiddenAt`. `probe.maxPerFrame`, if
+ * set, is how many tests it takes in one frame; `probe.mode` reads `'async'`
+ * while answers come a frame or two after the test.
+ */
+export class SurfaceOcclusion {
+  /**
+   * @param {{add: (contact: SurfaceContact, position: object) => boolean}} probe
+   */
+  constructor(probe) {
+    this.probe = probe;
+    /** @type {Map<string, Map<*, SurfaceContact>>} Layer id -> source id. */
+    this.contacts = new Map();
+    /**
+     * The occlusion clock, in milliseconds of painted time (see
+     * `SURFACE_MAX_FRAME_STEP_MS`). The probe must date its answers by it.
+     */
+    this.now = 0;
+    this._wall = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+    /** Depth-tested contacts drawn or hidden this frame. */
+    this.testedCount = 0;
+    this.hiddenCount = 0;
+    this.retestMs = SURFACE_RETEST_MS;
+    this.reappearMs = SURFACE_REAPPEAR_MS;
+    this._phase = 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Open a frame and move the occlusion clock on.
+   * @param {number} wallNow Monotonic milliseconds.
+   */
+  beginFrame(wallNow) {
+    // Contacts arrive in the same order every frame and the probe takes only
+    // so many, so if more fell due per frame than it takes, the ones at the
+    // end of the order would never be tested. Pace the retests to what the
+    // last frame showed the probe can keep up with: all of the contacts, once
+    // per interval, with a third of the budget to spare.
+    const elapsed = wallNow - this._wall;
+    const frameMs =
+      elapsed > 0 ? Math.min(SURFACE_MAX_FRAME_STEP_MS, elapsed) : 0;
+    this._wall = wallNow;
+    const budget = Number(this.probe.maxPerFrame) || Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+    this.retestMs = Math.max(
+      SURFACE_RETEST_MS,
+      (this.testedCount / budget) * frameMs * 2,
+    );
+    this.reappearMs = Math.max(SURFACE_REAPPEAR_MS, this.retestMs * 3);
+    this.now += frameMs;
+    this.testedCount = 0;
+    this.hiddenCount = 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Whether a contact's bracket and callout should be left out of this frame.
+   * Starts a fresh test of the contact when one is due.
+   * @param {string} layerId
+   * @param {*} sourceId
+   * @param {{x: number, y: number, z: number}} position
+   * @returns {boolean}
+   */
+  isHidden(layerId, sourceId, position) {
+    const now = this.now;
+    let layer = this.contacts.get(layerId);
+    if (!layer) {
+      layer = new Map();
+      this.contacts.set(layerId, layer);
+    }
+    let contact = layer.get(sourceId);
+    if (!contact) {
+      contact = {
+        lastHiddenAt: Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
+        hiddenUntil: Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
+        appliedHiddenAt: Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
+        queuedAt: Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
+        pending: false,
+        answered: false,
+        firstSeenAt: now,
+        seenAt: now,
+      };
+      layer.set(sourceId, contact);
+    }
+    contact.seenAt = now;
+    this.testedCount++;
+    if (
+      !contact.pending &&
+      now - contact.queuedAt >= this.retestMs &&
+      this.probe.add(contact, position)
+    ) {
+      // Contacts that came into view together would otherwise all fall due on
+      // the same frames for ever. Each test backdates itself by a different
+      // part of half the interval, which spreads them out within a second.
+      contact.queuedAt = now - this.retestMs * 0.5 * this._phase;
+      this._phase = (this._phase + 0.618034) % 1;
+    }
+    // A new "hidden" answer sets when the contact may come back, once, with
+    // the pace in force now. A later change of pace must not bring back a
+    // "hidden" that has already run out.
+    if (contact.lastHiddenAt !== contact.appliedHiddenAt) {
+      contact.appliedHiddenAt = contact.lastHiddenAt;
+      contact.hiddenUntil = contact.lastHiddenAt + this.reappearMs;
+    }
+    const hidden =
+      now < contact.hiddenUntil ||
+      // Not yet answered: held back while a working probe finds out.
+      (!contact.answered &&
+        this.probe.mode === 'async' &&
+        now - contact.firstSeenAt < SURFACE_FIRST_ANSWER_MS);
+    if (hidden) this.hiddenCount++;
+    return hidden;
+  }
+
+  /** Forget contacts that are no longer drawn. */
+  prune() {
+    for (const [layerId, layer] of this.contacts) {
+      for (const [sourceId, contact] of layer) {
+        if (this.now - contact.seenAt > SURFACE_FORGET_MS)
+          layer.delete(sourceId);
+      }
+      if (layer.size === 0) this.contacts.delete(layerId);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Forget every contact (mode off, viewer swap). */
+  clear() {
+    this.contacts.clear();
+    this.testedCount = 0;
+    this.hiddenCount = 0;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/data/detectionOcclusion.test.mjs b/src/data/detectionOcclusion.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fbd1fdd57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/detectionOcclusion.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,618 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import {
+  DepthSnapshot,
+  SURFACE_FIRST_ANSWER_MS,
+  SURFACE_FORGET_MS,
+  SURFACE_MAX_FRAME_STEP_MS,
+  SURFACE_OCCLUSION_MIN_MARGIN_M,
+  SURFACE_REAPPEAR_MS,
+  SURFACE_RETEST_MS,
+  SurfaceOcclusion,
+  depthToViewDistance,
+  projectContact,
+  surfaceHidesContact,
+  surfaceOcclusionMargin,
+  unpackDepth,
+} from './detectionOcclusion.js';
+import {
+  depthImage,
+  packDepth,
+  viewDistanceToDepth,
+} from './fixtures/fakeDepthScene.mjs';
+
+test('the margin is 3 m near the camera and 2% of the range beyond 150 m', () => {
+  assert.equal(surfaceOcclusionMargin(10), SURFACE_OCCLUSION_MIN_MARGIN_M);
+  assert.equal(surfaceOcclusionMargin(150), 3);
+  assert.equal(surfaceOcclusionMargin(500), 10);
+  assert.equal(surfaceOcclusionMargin(5000), 100);
+  assert.equal(surfaceOcclusionMargin(0), 3);
+  assert.equal(surfaceOcclusionMargin(Number.NaN), 3);
+});
+
+test('a surface hides a contact only when nearer by more than the margin', () => {
+  // 500 m away: margin 10 m.
+  assert.equal(surfaceHidesContact(500, 489), true, 'a facade 11 m in front');
+  assert.equal(surfaceHidesContact(500, 491), false, 'its own road or dot');
+  assert.equal(surfaceHidesContact(500, 500), false);
+  assert.equal(surfaceHidesContact(500, 520), false, 'the ground behind it');
+  // Close range keeps the 3 m floor.
+  assert.equal(surfaceHidesContact(60, 56), true);
+  assert.equal(surfaceHidesContact(60, 58), false);
+});
+
+test('nothing drawn, or no distance, never hides a contact', () => {
+  assert.equal(surfaceHidesContact(500, undefined), false);
+  assert.equal(surfaceHidesContact(500, Number.NaN), false);
+  assert.equal(surfaceHidesContact(Number.NaN, 10), false);
+});
+
+test('packed depth unpacks most significant byte first', () => {
+  assert.equal(unpackDepth([0, 0, 0, 0], 0), 0);
+  assert.equal(unpackDepth([255, 0, 0, 0], 0), 1);
+  assert.equal(unpackDepth([9, 9, 51, 0, 0, 0], 2), 0.2);
+  for (const depth of [0.000123, 0.25, 0.5, 0.987654321]) {
+    const round = unpackDepth(packDepth(depth), 0);
+    assert.ok(Math.abs(round - depth) < 1e-9, `${depth} -> ${round}`);
+  }
+});
+
+test('logarithmic depth decodes to metres in front of the camera', () => {
+  const near = 0.1;
+  const far = 10_000_000;
+  // depth = log2(z - near + 1) / log2(far - near + 1)
+  for (const z of [0.5, 12, 480, 25_000, 3_000_000]) {
+    const depth = Math.log2(z - near + 1) / Math.log2(far - near + 1);
+    const decoded = depthToViewDistance(depth, near, far, true);
+    assert.ok(Math.abs(decoded - z) / z < 1e-9, `${z} -> ${decoded}`);
+  }
+});
+
+test('standard perspective depth decodes to metres in front of the camera', () => {
+  const near = 1;
+  const far = 5000;
+  // depth = far * (z - near) / (z * (far - near))
+  for (const z of [1.5, 40, 900, 4999]) {
+    const depth = (far * (z - near)) / (z * (far - near));
+    const decoded = depthToViewDistance(depth, near, far, false);
+    assert.ok(Math.abs(decoded - z) / z < 1e-9, `${z} -> ${decoded}`);
+  }
+  assert.ok(
+    Math.abs(depthToViewDistance(0.5, 1, 5000, false) - 10000 / 5001) < 1e-9,
+    'half depth sits just past twice the near plane',
+  );
+});
+
+test('the ends of the depth range, and a bad range, mean nothing was drawn', () => {
+  for (const log of [true, false]) {
+    assert.ok(Number.isNaN(depthToViewDistance(0, 1, 100, log)));
+    assert.ok(Number.isNaN(depthToViewDistance(1, 1, 100, log)));
+    assert.ok(Number.isNaN(depthToViewDistance(Number.NaN, 1, 100, log)));
+    assert.ok(Number.isNaN(depthToViewDistance(0.5, 0, 100, log)));
+    assert.ok(Number.isNaN(depthToViewDistance(0.5, 100, 100, log)));
+  }
+});
+
+const IDENTITY = [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1];
+
+/** A point `distance` metres ahead, `side` of the way to the frame edge. */
+const ahead = (distance, side = 0, up = 0) => ({
+  x: side * distance,
+  y: up * distance,
+  z: -distance,
+});
+
+test('a contact projects to its place in the frame, from the bottom-left corner', () => {
+  const out = { u: -1, v: -1, threshold: -1 };
+  // 90 degree field of view: the frame edge is as far out as the point is ahead.
+  assert.equal(projectContact(IDENTITY, 1, 1, ahead(500), out), true);
+  assert.deepEqual([out.u, out.v], [0.5, 0.5]);
+  assert.equal(
+    projectContact(IDENTITY, 1, 1, ahead(500, -0.5, 0.5), out),
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual([out.u, out.v], [0.25, 0.75]);
+  // A wider horizontal field of view pulls the same point towards the middle.
+  assert.equal(
+    projectContact(IDENTITY, 2, 1, ahead(500, -0.5, 0.5), out),
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual([out.u, out.v], [0.375, 0.75]);
+});
+
+test('the threshold is the margin rule restated as a view distance', () => {
+  const out = { u: 0, v: 0, threshold: 0 };
+  // Straight ahead, distance and view distance are the same thing.
+  projectContact(IDENTITY, 1, 1, ahead(500), out);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(out.threshold - 490) < 1e-9, '500 m less 2%');
+  projectContact(IDENTITY, 1, 1, ahead(60), out);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(out.threshold - 57) < 1e-9, '60 m less the 3 m floor');
+  // Off axis the ray is longer than the view distance; the rule holds along
+  // the ray, so a surface at view distance d sits d * range / viewDistance out.
+  const corner = ahead(400, -0.9, 0.9);
+  const range = Math.hypot(corner.x, corner.y, corner.z);
+  projectContact(IDENTITY, 1, 1, corner, out);
+  for (const surfaceView of [out.threshold - 0.01, out.threshold + 0.01]) {
+    const alongRay = (surfaceView * range) / 400;
+    assert.equal(
+      surfaceHidesContact(range, alongRay),
+      surfaceView < out.threshold,
+    );
+  }
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(out.threshold - 400 * 0.98) < 1e-9);
+});
+
+test('behind the camera or outside the frame there is nothing to test', () => {
+  const out = { u: 7, v: 7, threshold: 7 };
+  assert.equal(
+    projectContact(IDENTITY, 1, 1, { x: 0, y: 0, z: 500 }, out),
+    false,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    projectContact(IDENTITY, 1, 1, { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 }, out),
+    false,
+  );
+  assert.equal(projectContact(IDENTITY, 1, 1, ahead(500, -1.2), out), false);
+  assert.equal(projectContact(IDENTITY, 1, 1, ahead(500, 0, 1.01), out), false);
+  assert.equal(
+    projectContact(IDENTITY, 1, 1, ahead(500, 1), out),
+    false,
+    'u = 1',
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(out, { u: 7, v: 7, threshold: 7 }, 'left untouched');
+});
+
+test('a contact is projected with the camera it is given', () => {
+  // Camera 1000 m up the +Z axis looking down -Z: view = translate(0, 0, -1000).
+  const view = [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, -1000, 1];
+  const out = { u: 0, v: 0, threshold: 0 };
+  assert.equal(
+    projectContact(view, 1, 1, { x: -250, y: 0, z: 500 }, out),
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.equal(out.u, 0.25);
+  assert.equal(projectContact(view, 1, 1, { x: 0, y: 0, z: 1500 }, out), false);
+});
+
+/**
+ * A snapshot from a camera at the origin looking down -Z with a 90 degree
+ * field of view. By default one depth range in which the left half of the
+ * frame is a wall `wall` metres away and the right half is ground `ground`
+ * metres away.
+ */
+function snapshotWithWall({
+  wall = 400,
+  ground = 500,
+  logDepth = true,
+  size = 8,
+  frustums,
+  images,
+} = {}) {
+  const ranges = frustums || [{ near: 1, far: 100_000 }];
+  const layers = images || [
+    depthImage(size, size, (column) =>
+      viewDistanceToDepth(
+        column < size / 2 ? wall : ground,
+        ranges[0].near,
+        ranges[0].far,
+        logDepth,
+      ),
+    ),
+  ];
+  const bytes = new Uint8Array(size * size * 4 * layers.length);
+  layers.forEach((image, i) => bytes.set(image.data, i * size * size * 4));
+  return new DepthSnapshot({
+    width: size,
+    height: size,
+    bytes,
+    frustums: ranges,
+    logDepth,
+    view: IDENTITY,
+    tanHalfFovX: 1,
+    tanHalfFovY: 1,
+  });
+}
+
+test('a contact behind a drawn wall is hidden; one on drawn ground, or in front of the wall, is not', () => {
+  for (const logDepth of [true, false]) {
+    const snapshot = snapshotWithWall({ logDepth });
+    assert.equal(snapshot.hides(ahead(500, -0.5)), true);
+    assert.equal(snapshot.hides(ahead(500, 0.5)), false);
+    assert.equal(snapshot.hides(ahead(300, -0.5)), false);
+    // 2% of 405 m is 8.1 m: 5 m behind the wall is still the wall's own face.
+    assert.equal(snapshot.hides(ahead(405, -0.5)), false);
+    assert.equal(snapshot.hides(ahead(412, -0.5)), true);
+    assert.equal(snapshot.hides(ahead(500, -1.5)), null, 'outside the frame');
+  }
+});
+
+test('rows are read bottom to top', () => {
+  const size = 8;
+  const image = depthImage(size, size, (_column, row) =>
+    viewDistanceToDepth(row < size / 2 ? 400 : 500, 1, 100_000, true),
+  );
+  const snapshot = snapshotWithWall({ images: [image] });
+  assert.equal(snapshot.hides(ahead(500, 0, -0.5)), true, 'below centre');
+  assert.equal(snapshot.hides(ahead(500, 0, 0.5)), false, 'above centre');
+});
+
+test('the nearest depth range that drew something answers', () => {
+  const size = 4;
+  const frustums = [
+    { near: 1, far: 1000 },
+    { near: 999, far: 1_000_000 },
+  ];
+  // Near range: a wall 400 m away on the left, nothing on the right.
+  const nearImage = depthImage(size, size, (column) =>
+    column < 2 ? viewDistanceToDepth(400, 1, 1000, true) : 1,
+  );
+  // Far range: ground 20 km away everywhere.
+  const farImage = depthImage(size, size, () =>
+    viewDistanceToDepth(20_000, 999, 1_000_000, true),
+  );
+  const snapshot = snapshotWithWall({
+    size,
+    frustums,
+    images: [nearImage, farImage],
+  });
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(snapshot.surfaceViewDistance(0, 0) - 400) < 0.01);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(snapshot.surfaceViewDistance(3, 0) - 20_000) < 1);
+  assert.equal(snapshot.hides(ahead(15_000, -0.5)), true);
+  assert.equal(snapshot.hides(ahead(15_000, 0.5)), false);
+  assert.equal(snapshot.hides(ahead(30_000, 0.5)), true);
+});
+
+test('where nothing was drawn a contact is visible', () => {
+  const size = 4;
+  const snapshot = snapshotWithWall({
+    size,
+    images: [depthImage(size, size, () => 1)],
+  });
+  assert.ok(Number.isNaN(snapshot.surfaceViewDistance(1, 1)));
+  assert.equal(snapshot.hides(ahead(500)), false);
+});
+
+/**
+ * A probe that answers when told to. `hidden` decides each test's answer at
+ * the time it is resolved.
+ */
+function manualProbe() {
+  const inFlight = [];
+  return {
+    accepting: true,
+    started: 0,
+    inFlight,
+    add(contact) {
+      if (!this.accepting) return false;
+      this.started++;
+      contact.pending = true;
+      inFlight.push(contact);
+      return true;
+    },
+    /** Deliver every answer in flight. */
+    answer(hidden, now) {
+      for (const contact of inFlight.splice(0)) {
+        contact.pending = false;
+        contact.answered = true;
+        if (hidden) contact.lastHiddenAt = now;
+      }
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+const anywhere = { x: 0, y: 0, z: -500 };
+
+test('a contact is drawn until an answer says it is hidden, then hidden at once', () => {
+  const probe = manualProbe();
+  const occlusion = new SurfaceOcclusion(probe);
+  occlusion.beginFrame(1000);
+  assert.equal(occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere), false);
+  assert.equal(probe.started, 1, 'a new contact is tested straight away');
+  occlusion.beginFrame(1016);
+  assert.equal(occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere), false);
+  assert.equal(probe.started, 1, 'one test in flight per contact');
+  probe.answer(true, occlusion.now);
+  occlusion.beginFrame(1032);
+  assert.equal(occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere), true);
+  assert.equal(occlusion.testedCount, 1);
+  assert.equal(occlusion.hiddenCount, 1);
+  // The same source id on another layer is another contact.
+  assert.equal(occlusion.isHidden('transit', 'a', anywhere), false);
+});
+
+test('with a working probe a new contact is held back until its first answer, and no longer than the limit', () => {
+  const probe = manualProbe();
+  probe.mode = 'async';
+  const occlusion = new SurfaceOcclusion(probe);
+  occlusion.beginFrame(0);
+  // New to the view: tested at once, and not drawn while the answer is out.
+  assert.equal(occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'street', anywhere), true);
+  assert.equal(occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'roofed', anywhere), true);
+  assert.equal(occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'unanswered', anywhere), true);
+  assert.equal(probe.started, 3);
+  const [street, roofed] = probe.inFlight.splice(0, 2);
+  street.pending = false;
+  street.answered = true;
+  roofed.pending = false;
+  roofed.answered = true;
+  roofed.lastHiddenAt = occlusion.now;
+  occlusion.beginFrame(16);
+  assert.equal(
+    occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'street', anywhere),
+    false,
+    'drawn from its first answer',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'roofed', anywhere),
+    true,
+    'never drawn at all',
+  );
+  // The third answer never comes. It is drawn once the limit has passed.
+  const firstSeen = occlusion.now - 16;
+  const drawn = [];
+  for (let wall = 32; wall < 1000; wall += 16) {
+    occlusion.beginFrame(wall);
+    drawn.push([
+      occlusion.now - firstSeen,
+      !occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'unanswered', anywhere),
+    ]);
+  }
+  for (const [age, shown] of drawn)
+    assert.equal(shown, age >= SURFACE_FIRST_ANSWER_MS, `at ${age} ms`);
+
+  // No working probe: a new contact is drawn at once, as before.
+  for (const mode of ['off', 'sync', undefined]) {
+    const idle = manualProbe();
+    idle.mode = mode;
+    const plain = new SurfaceOcclusion(idle);
+    plain.beginFrame(0);
+    assert.equal(plain.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere), false, String(mode));
+  }
+});
+
+test('a contact is retested at most every retest interval and at least every half of it', () => {
+  const probe = manualProbe();
+  const occlusion = new SurfaceOcclusion(probe);
+  const starts = [];
+  let before = 0;
+  for (let now = 0; now <= 2000; now += 4) {
+    probe.answer(false, now);
+    occlusion.beginFrame(now);
+    occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere);
+    if (probe.started !== before) {
+      starts.push(now);
+      before = probe.started;
+    }
+  }
+  const gaps = starts.slice(1).map((at, i) => at - starts[i]);
+  assert.ok(gaps.length >= 9);
+  assert.ok(
+    gaps.every((gap) => gap <= SURFACE_RETEST_MS),
+    `${gaps}`,
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    gaps.every((gap) => gap >= SURFACE_RETEST_MS / 2),
+    `${gaps}`,
+  );
+  assert.ok(new Set(gaps).size > 3, 'not all on the same beat');
+});
+
+test('contacts that appear together drift apart instead of all testing on the same frames', () => {
+  const probe = manualProbe();
+  const occlusion = new SurfaceOcclusion(probe);
+  const perFrame = [];
+  for (let frame = 0; frame < 240; frame++) {
+    const now = frame * 16;
+    probe.answer(false, now);
+    occlusion.beginFrame(now);
+    const before = probe.started;
+    for (let id = 0; id < 600; id++)
+      occlusion.isHidden('traffic', id, anywhere);
+    perFrame.push(probe.started - before);
+  }
+  assert.equal(perFrame[0], 600, 'every new contact is tested at once');
+  const settled = perFrame.slice(120);
+  assert.ok(Math.max(...settled) < 200, `peak ${Math.max(...settled)}`);
+  assert.ok(Math.min(...settled) > 0);
+});
+
+test('with more contacts than the probe takes per frame, the retests slow down and none is starved', () => {
+  // A probe that takes 256 tests a frame, 2,400 contacts in view, 30 fps.
+  const inFlight = [];
+  let taken = 0;
+  const probe = {
+    maxPerFrame: 256,
+    add(contact) {
+      if (taken >= 256) return false;
+      taken++;
+      contact.pending = true;
+      inFlight.push(contact);
+      return true;
+    },
+  };
+  const occlusion = new SurfaceOcclusion(probe);
+  const tests = new Array(2400).fill(0);
+  const lastStart = new Array(2400).fill(0);
+  let longestGap = 0;
+  for (let frame = 0; frame < 300; frame++) {
+    const now = frame * 33;
+    for (const contact of inFlight.splice(0)) contact.pending = false;
+    taken = 0;
+    occlusion.beginFrame(now);
+    for (let id = 0; id < 2400; id++) {
+      const before = taken;
+      occlusion.isHidden('traffic', id, anywhere);
+      if (taken !== before) {
+        tests[id]++;
+        if (frame > 60) longestGap = Math.max(longestGap, now - lastStart[id]);
+        lastStart[id] = now;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  assert.ok(
+    Math.min(...tests) >= 8,
+    `fewest tests for one contact: ${Math.min(...tests)}`,
+  );
+  assert.ok(occlusion.retestMs > SURFACE_RETEST_MS);
+  assert.ok(longestGap <= occlusion.retestMs + 33, `longest gap ${longestGap}`);
+  assert.ok(occlusion.reappearMs >= 3 * occlusion.retestMs);
+  // A view the budget covers easily keeps the normal pace.
+  const few = new SurfaceOcclusion(probe);
+  for (let frame = 0; frame < 10; frame++) {
+    taken = 0;
+    few.beginFrame(frame * 16);
+    for (let id = 0; id < 300; id++) few.isHidden('traffic', id, anywhere);
+  }
+  assert.equal(few.retestMs, SURFACE_RETEST_MS);
+  assert.equal(few.reappearMs, SURFACE_REAPPEAR_MS);
+});
+
+test('a hidden contact comes back only after the reappear time without a hidden answer', () => {
+  const probe = manualProbe();
+  const occlusion = new SurfaceOcclusion(probe);
+  occlusion.beginFrame(0);
+  occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere);
+  const hiddenAt = occlusion.now;
+  probe.answer(true, hiddenAt);
+  // Visible answers from now on; the contact still waits out the time.
+  let reappeared = null;
+  for (let wall = 16; wall < 2000 && reappeared === null; wall += 16) {
+    probe.answer(false, occlusion.now);
+    occlusion.beginFrame(wall);
+    if (!occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere))
+      reappeared = occlusion.now;
+  }
+  assert.ok(reappeared - hiddenAt >= SURFACE_REAPPEAR_MS);
+  assert.ok(reappeared - hiddenAt < SURFACE_REAPPEAR_MS + 17);
+});
+
+test('a contact on an edge, answering either way in turn, stays hidden', () => {
+  const probe = manualProbe();
+  const occlusion = new SurfaceOcclusion(probe);
+  const drawn = [];
+  let answers = 0;
+  for (let wall = 0; wall < 4000; wall += 16) {
+    if (probe.inFlight.length > 0)
+      probe.answer(answers++ % 2 === 0, occlusion.now);
+    occlusion.beginFrame(wall);
+    drawn.push(!occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere));
+  }
+  // Drawn only until the first answer arrives.
+  assert.equal(drawn.lastIndexOf(true), 0);
+});
+
+test('when the probe stops answering, hidden contacts are drawn again and stay drawn', () => {
+  const probe = manualProbe();
+  const occlusion = new SurfaceOcclusion(probe);
+  occlusion.beginFrame(0);
+  occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere);
+  const hiddenAt = occlusion.now;
+  probe.answer(true, hiddenAt);
+  // No depth any more: the probe takes no tests and answers nothing.
+  probe.accepting = false;
+  const drawn = [];
+  for (let wall = 16; wall < 3000; wall += 16) {
+    occlusion.beginFrame(wall);
+    drawn.push([
+      occlusion.now - hiddenAt,
+      !occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere),
+    ]);
+  }
+  for (const [age, shown] of drawn)
+    assert.equal(shown, age >= SURFACE_REAPPEAR_MS, `at ${age} ms`);
+  // A probe that never accepted anything hides nothing.
+  const dead = new SurfaceOcclusion({ add: () => false });
+  dead.beginFrame(0);
+  assert.equal(dead.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere), false);
+});
+
+test('a change of pace does not bring back a hidden that has run out', () => {
+  // 2,400 contacts with a 256-a-frame probe: the hide time is longer at 33 ms
+  // frames than at 16 ms ones.
+  const inFlight = [];
+  let taken = 0;
+  const probe = {
+    maxPerFrame: 256,
+    add(contact) {
+      if (taken >= 256) return false;
+      taken++;
+      contact.pending = true;
+      inFlight.push(contact);
+      return true;
+    },
+  };
+  const occlusion = new SurfaceOcclusion(probe);
+  let wall = 0;
+  const paint = (step) => {
+    wall += step;
+    for (const contact of inFlight.splice(0)) contact.pending = false;
+    taken = 0;
+    occlusion.beginFrame(wall);
+    let watched = false;
+    for (let id = 0; id < 2400; id++) {
+      const hidden = occlusion.isHidden('traffic', id, anywhere);
+      if (id === 0) watched = hidden;
+    }
+    return watched;
+  };
+  for (let i = 0; i < 30; i++) paint(16);
+  // One hidden answer for contact 0, then visible answers only.
+  occlusion.contacts.get('traffic').get(0).lastHiddenAt = occlusion.now;
+  const states = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < 80; i++) states.push(paint(16));
+  assert.equal(states[0], true);
+  assert.equal(states.at(-1), false, 'ran out at the fast pace');
+  // The frames slow down, which lengthens the hide time for new answers.
+  const slow = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < 40; i++) slow.push(paint(33));
+  assert.ok(occlusion.reappearMs > SURFACE_REAPPEAR_MS);
+  assert.ok(
+    slow.every((hidden) => hidden === false),
+    'and stays out',
+  );
+});
+
+test('a pause in painting does not run the hidden time out', () => {
+  const probe = manualProbe();
+  const occlusion = new SurfaceOcclusion(probe);
+  occlusion.beginFrame(0);
+  occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere);
+  probe.answer(true, occlusion.now);
+  occlusion.beginFrame(16);
+  assert.equal(occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere), true);
+  // Nothing is painted for a minute (a hidden tab, an idle scene). On the
+  // first frame back the contact is still hidden: no answer could have come.
+  const before = occlusion.now;
+  occlusion.beginFrame(60_016);
+  assert.equal(occlusion.now - before, SURFACE_MAX_FRAME_STEP_MS);
+  assert.equal(occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere), true);
+  // A clock that jumps backwards moves nothing.
+  occlusion.beginFrame(100);
+  assert.equal(occlusion.now - before, SURFACE_MAX_FRAME_STEP_MS);
+});
+
+test('prune forgets contacts that are no longer drawn; clear forgets everything', () => {
+  const probe = manualProbe();
+  const occlusion = new SurfaceOcclusion(probe);
+  let wall = 0;
+  /** Paint frames for `ms` of painted time, drawing the given contacts. */
+  const paint = (ms, ids) => {
+    for (const end = occlusion.now + ms; occlusion.now < end;) {
+      wall += 50;
+      occlusion.beginFrame(wall);
+      for (const id of ids) occlusion.isHidden('traffic', id, anywhere);
+    }
+  };
+  paint(100, ['gone', 'here']);
+  paint(SURFACE_FORGET_MS + 50, ['here']);
+  occlusion.prune();
+  assert.deepEqual([...occlusion.contacts.get('traffic').keys()], ['here']);
+  paint(SURFACE_FORGET_MS + 50, []);
+  occlusion.prune();
+  assert.equal(occlusion.contacts.size, 0);
+
+  occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'again', anywhere);
+  occlusion.clear();
+  assert.equal(occlusion.contacts.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(occlusion.testedCount, 0);
+});
diff --git a/src/data/fixtures/fakeDepthScene.mjs b/src/data/fixtures/fakeDepthScene.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47e969717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/fixtures/fakeDepthScene.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+/**
+ * A stand-in scene and WebGL context for tests of the occlusion probe: just
+ * the members `sceneOcclusionProbe.js` uses, with depth images the test
+ * controls.
+ *
+ * The fake context cannot run GLSL. When the probe draws a point inside a
+ * query, the fake decides whether the point draws by applying the same rule
+ * to the same inputs the vertex shader gets (the uploaded attributes, the
+ * bound depth textures and the uniforms), using the CPU decode from
+ * `detectionOcclusion.js`. That checks everything around the shader; the
+ * shader itself is checked against `scene.pickPosition` in a real browser.
+ */
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { depthToViewDistance, unpackDepth } from '../detectionOcclusion.js';
+
+/** Inverse of `unpackDepth`: four base-255 digits, most significant first. */
+export function packDepth(depth) {
+  const bytes = [];
+  let rest = Math.min(Math.max(depth, 0), 1);
+  for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    rest *= 255;
+    const digit = Math.min(255, Math.floor(rest));
+    bytes.push(digit);
+    rest -= digit;
+  }
+  return bytes;
+}
+
+/** Inverse of `depthToViewDistance`. */
+export function viewDistanceToDepth(distance, near, far, logDepth) {
+  if (logDepth)
+    return Math.log2(distance - near + 1) / Math.log2(far - near + 1);
+  return (far * (distance - near)) / (distance * (far - near));
+}
+
+/**
+ * An RGBA8 depth image filled from a function of the texel.
+ * @param {number} width
+ * @param {number} height
+ * @param {(column: number, row: number) => number} depthAt Window depth; rows
+ *   count from the bottom.
+ */
+export function depthImage(width, height, depthAt) {
+  const data = new Uint8Array(width * height * 4);
+  for (let row = 0; row < height; row++)
+    for (let column = 0; column < width; column++)
+      data.set(packDepth(depthAt(column, row)), (row * width + column) * 4);
+  return { width, height, data };
+}
+
+const GL = {
+  FRAMEBUFFER: 0x8d40,
+  READ_FRAMEBUFFER: 0x8ca8,
+  DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER: 0x8ca9,
+  FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING: 0x8ca6,
+  DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING: 0x8ca6,
+  READ_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING: 0x8caa,
+  TEXTURE_BINDING_2D: 0x8069,
+  TEXTURE_2D: 0x0de1,
+  TEXTURE0: 0x84c0,
+  ACTIVE_TEXTURE: 0x84e0,
+  COLOR_ATTACHMENT0: 0x8ce0,
+  FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE: 0x8cd5,
+  ARRAY_BUFFER: 0x8892,
+  ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING: 0x8894,
+  VERTEX_ARRAY_BINDING: 0x85b5,
+  CURRENT_PROGRAM: 0x8b8d,
+  STREAM_DRAW: 0x88e0,
+  SCISSOR_TEST: 0x0c11,
+  VIEWPORT: 0x0ba2,
+  POINTS: 0x0000,
+  FLOAT: 0x1406,
+  RGBA: 0x1908,
+  RGBA8: 0x8058,
+  UNSIGNED_BYTE: 0x1401,
+  VERTEX_SHADER: 0x8b31,
+  FRAGMENT_SHADER: 0x8b30,
+  COMPILE_STATUS: 0x8b81,
+  LINK_STATUS: 0x8b82,
+  ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_CONSERVATIVE: 0x8d6a,
+  QUERY_RESULT: 0x8866,
+  QUERY_RESULT_AVAILABLE: 0x8867,
+};
+
+/**
+ * A recording WebGL context. `webgl2: false` leaves out queries, vertex
+ * arrays and immutable textures, as a WebGL 1 context does. Query results
+ * stay unavailable until `finishGpu()`.
+ */
+export function createFakeGl({ webgl2 = true } = {}) {
+  const state = {
+    read: null,
+    draw: null,
+    units: [null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null],
+    unit: 0,
+    array: null,
+    vertexArray: null,
+    program: null,
+    scissor: false,
+    viewport: [0, 0, 1920, 1080],
+    lost: false,
+    /** Whether a point that should draw does (false: a broken draw path). */
+    drawsLand: true,
+    compiles: true,
+  };
+  const counts = {
+    readPixels: 0,
+    queries: 0,
+    draws: 0,
+    resultReads: 0,
+    deleted: 0,
+  };
+  const liveQueries = new Set();
+  let activeQuery = null;
+  const gl = {
+    ...GL,
+    state,
+    counts,
+    liveQueries,
+    isContextLost: () => state.lost,
+    getParameter(name) {
+      if (name === GL.READ_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING) return state.read;
+      if (name === GL.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING) return state.draw;
+      if (name === GL.TEXTURE_BINDING_2D) return state.units[state.unit];
+      if (name === GL.ACTIVE_TEXTURE) return GL.TEXTURE0 + state.unit;
+      if (name === GL.ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING) return state.array;
+      if (name === GL.VERTEX_ARRAY_BINDING) return state.vertexArray;
+      if (name === GL.CURRENT_PROGRAM) return state.program;
+      if (name === GL.VIEWPORT) return Int32Array.from(state.viewport);
+      return null;
+    },
+    isEnabled: (cap) => cap === GL.SCISSOR_TEST && state.scissor,
+    enable(cap) {
+      if (cap === GL.SCISSOR_TEST) state.scissor = true;
+    },
+    disable(cap) {
+      if (cap === GL.SCISSOR_TEST) state.scissor = false;
+    },
+    createFramebuffer: () => ({ image: null }),
+    createTexture: () => ({ image: null }),
+    createBuffer: () => ({ data: null }),
+    deleteFramebuffer() {
+      counts.deleted++;
+    },
+    deleteTexture() {
+      counts.deleted++;
+    },
+    deleteBuffer() {
+      counts.deleted++;
+    },
+    activeTexture(unit) {
+      state.unit = unit - GL.TEXTURE0;
+    },
+    bindTexture(_target, texture) {
+      state.units[state.unit] = texture;
+    },
+    bindFramebuffer(target, framebuffer) {
+      if (target !== GL.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER) state.read = framebuffer;
+      if (target !== GL.READ_FRAMEBUFFER) state.draw = framebuffer;
+    },
+    bindBuffer(_target, buffer) {
+      state.array = buffer;
+    },
+    readPixels(x, y, width, height, _format, _type, destination) {
+      counts.readPixels++;
+      const image = state.read.image;
+      for (let row = 0; row < height; row++) {
+        const from = ((y + row) * image.width + x) * 4;
+        destination.set(
+          image.data.subarray(from, from + width * 4),
+          row * width * 4,
+        );
+      }
+    },
+  };
+  if (webgl2) {
+    Object.assign(gl, {
+      texStorage2D(_target, _levels, _format, width, height) {
+        state.units[state.unit].image = {
+          width,
+          height,
+          data: new Uint8Array(width * height * 4),
+        };
+      },
+      framebufferTexture2D(_target, _attachment, _kind, texture) {
+        state.draw.image = texture.image;
+      },
+      checkFramebufferStatus: () => GL.FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE,
+      createShader: () => ({}),
+      shaderSource() {},
+      compileShader() {},
+      getShaderParameter: () => state.compiles,
+      deleteShader() {},
+      createProgram: () => ({ uniforms: {} }),
+      attachShader() {},
+      linkProgram() {},
+      getProgramParameter: () => true,
+      deleteProgram() {
+        counts.deleted++;
+      },
+      getUniformLocation: (_program, name) => name,
+      useProgram(program) {
+        state.program = program;
+      },
+      viewport(x, y, width, height) {
+        state.viewport = [x, y, width, height];
+      },
+      uniform1i(name, value) {
+        state.program.uniforms[name] = value;
+      },
+      uniform4f(name, x, y, z, w) {
+        state.program.uniforms[name] = [x, y, z, w];
+      },
+      createVertexArray: () => ({ buffer: null }),
+      deleteVertexArray() {
+        counts.deleted++;
+      },
+      bindVertexArray(vertexArray) {
+        state.vertexArray = vertexArray;
+      },
+      enableVertexAttribArray() {},
+      vertexAttribPointer() {
+        state.vertexArray.buffer = state.array;
+      },
+      bufferData(_target, data) {
+        state.array.data = Float32Array.from(data);
+      },
+      createQuery() {
+        const query = { drew: false, available: false, ended: false };
+        liveQueries.add(query);
+        return query;
+      },
+      deleteQuery(query) {
+        liveQueries.delete(query);
+      },
+      beginQuery(_target, query) {
+        counts.queries++;
+        query.drew = false;
+        query.available = false;
+        query.ended = false;
+        activeQuery = query;
+      },
+      endQuery() {
+        activeQuery.ended = true;
+        activeQuery = null;
+      },
+      /** The vertex shader's rule, applied to what the shader would be given. */
+      drawArrays(_mode, first) {
+        counts.draws++;
+        const uniforms = state.program.uniforms;
+        const data = state.vertexArray.buffer.data;
+        const u = data[first * 3];
+        const v = data[first * 3 + 1];
+        const threshold = data[first * 3 + 2];
+        let surface = -1;
+        for (let i = 0; i < uniforms.u_count && surface < 0; i++) {
+          const image = state.units[uniforms[`u_depth${i}`]].image;
+          const column = Math.min(image.width - 1, Math.floor(u * image.width));
+          const row = Math.min(image.height - 1, Math.floor(v * image.height));
+          const distance = depthToViewDistance(
+            unpackDepth(image.data, (row * image.width + column) * 4),
+            uniforms.u_near[i],
+            uniforms.u_far[i],
+            uniforms.u_logDepth === 1,
+          );
+          if (distance === distance) surface = distance;
+        }
+        const hidden = surface > 0 && surface < threshold;
+        // A point at the middle of the viewport lands only if that is the
+        // target's one pixel and the scissor test is not in the way. A
+        // sampler left on a unit with no texture fails the whole draw.
+        const samplersBound = [0, 1, 2, 3].every(
+          (i) => state.units[uniforms[`u_depth${i}`]]?.image,
+        );
+        const lands =
+          state.drawsLand &&
+          samplersBound &&
+          !state.scissor &&
+          state.draw?.image?.width === 1 &&
+          state.viewport.join() === '0,0,1,1';
+        if (activeQuery && !hidden && lands) activeQuery.drew = true;
+      },
+      getQueryParameter(query, name) {
+        if (name === GL.QUERY_RESULT_AVAILABLE) return query.available;
+        counts.resultReads++;
+        return query.available && query.drew ? 1 : 0;
+      },
+    });
+  }
+  /** Let every query issued so far finish. */
+  gl.finishGpu = () => {
+    for (const query of liveQueries) if (query.ended) query.available = true;
+  };
+  return gl;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A scene drawn in the given depth ranges, nearest first.
+ * @param {{
+ *   gl?: object,
+ *   ranges: Array<{near: number, far: number, image: object}>,
+ *   logDepth?: boolean, fovy?: number, aspectRatio?: number,
+ *   viewMatrix?: Cesium.Matrix4,
+ * }} options
+ */
+export function createFakeDepthScene({
+  gl = createFakeGl(),
+  ranges,
+  logDepth = true,
+  fovy = Math.PI / 2,
+  aspectRatio = 1,
+  viewMatrix = Cesium.Matrix4.clone(Cesium.Matrix4.IDENTITY),
+}) {
+  return {
+    mode: Cesium.SceneMode.SCENE3D,
+    useDepthPicking: true,
+    opaqueFrustumNearOffset: 0.9999,
+    context: { _gl: gl, depthTexture: true, webgl2: !!gl.createQuery },
+    _environmentState: { useGlobeDepthFramebuffer: true },
+    frameState: { useLogDepth: logDepth },
+    camera: { frustum: { fovy, aspectRatio }, viewMatrix },
+    view: {
+      frustumCommandsList: ranges.map(({ near, far }) => ({ near, far })),
+      pickDepths: ranges.map(({ image }) => {
+        const texture = { image };
+        return {
+          framebuffer: {
+            _framebuffer: { image },
+            getColorTexture: () => ({
+              width: image.width,
+              height: image.height,
+              _texture: texture,
+            }),
+          },
+        };
+      }),
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.js b/src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..070d5fe9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.js
@@ -0,0 +1,773 @@
+/**
+ * Asks the GPU, per contact, whether the scene drew something in front of it,
+ * without waiting for the answer.
+ *
+ * The scene already keeps the depth of the frame it has just drawn (for
+ * picking). `scene.pickPosition` reads one texel of it back and waits, a
+ * fraction of a millisecond to over a millisecond per call; asking once per
+ * labelled contact turns a 2 ms frame into a 40 ms one. Copying the whole
+ * depth image back instead is no better where it matters: Chromium answers
+ * `getBufferSubData` with a round trip to its GPU process even after a sync
+ * object has signalled, measured here at 1.5 ms on a quiet machine and 15 to
+ * 25 ms on a busy one.
+ *
+ * So nothing is read back at all. Each tested contact becomes one point drawn
+ * into a private 1x1 target, inside an occlusion query. The vertex shader looks
+ * up the frame's depth at the contact's pixel, decodes it, and throws the point
+ * away when the drawn surface is nearer than the contact's threshold (see
+ * `projectContact`). The query's "did anything draw" bit is the answer, and
+ * asking whether a query result is in is the one question WebGL 2 lets a page
+ * put to the GPU without waiting (Chromium publishes results to the page
+ * through shared memory between frames): `_collect` just looks.
+ *
+ * - `beginFrame(scene, now)` collects the answers that have arrived.
+ * - `add(contact, position)` queues a contact for testing against this frame.
+ * - `endFrame()` draws the queued points. Answers land a frame or two later.
+ *
+ * A WebGL 1 context has no queries. There the probe falls back to reading the
+ * frame's depth back synchronously, at most every `SYNC_READ_INTERVAL_MS`, and
+ * answering on the CPU; `mode` then reads `'sync'`. Where the scene keeps no
+ * pick depth, or is not a 3D perspective view, `mode` reads `'off'`, nothing
+ * is tested and callers carry on as if no contact were hidden.
+ *
+ * Every read of renderer internals is in `readSceneDepthSource` below; the
+ * rest of the file is plain WebGL on the handles that function returns.
+ */
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { DepthSnapshot, projectContact } from './detectionOcclusion.js';
+
+/**
+ * Depth ranges tested, nearest first. Logarithmic depth draws nearly every
+ * view in one or two; anything past the fourth is beyond where depth-tested
+ * contacts are labelled.
+ */
+export const PROBE_MAX_FRUSTUMS = 4;
+
+/** Contacts tested per frame; the rest wait for the next one. */
+export const PROBE_MAX_PER_FRAME = 256;
+
+/** Painted frames a batch of queries may stay unanswered before it is dropped. */
+export const PROBE_MAX_PENDING_FRAMES = 120;
+
+/** Batches in a row whose control point failed before the probe stands down. */
+export const PROBE_MAX_CONTROL_FAILURES = 3;
+
+/** How long the probe stands down after a failure before trying again. */
+export const PROBE_RETRY_AFTER_MS = 10_000;
+
+/** Shortest gap between two synchronous depth reads (WebGL 1 fallback). */
+export const SYNC_READ_INTERVAL_MS = 125;
+
+/**
+ * Everything this module takes from the renderer, in one place.
+ *
+ * RENDERER INTERNALS. Checked against cesium 1.138.0 (@cesium/engine 22.3.0);
+ * re-check on an engine upgrade. Undocumented members used, and what each is
+ * assumed to be:
+ *
+ * - `scene.context._gl`: the WebGL context. `scene.context.webgl2` says which.
+ * - `scene.view.frustumCommandsList[i].near` / `.far`: the depth ranges the
+ *   last frame was drawn in, nearest first.
+ * - `scene.view.pickDepths[i].framebuffer`: one framebuffer per depth range,
+ *   refreshed every frame while `scene.useDepthPicking` is on and
+ *   `scene._environmentState.useGlobeDepthFramebuffer` is true, whose first
+ *   colour attachment is an RGBA8 texture holding window-space depth packed
+ *   four bytes to a texel (`czm_packDepth`; see `unpackDepth`).
+ *   `framebuffer._framebuffer` is the raw WebGL framebuffer, and
+ *   `framebuffer.getColorTexture(0)` the texture (`._texture` its raw handle).
+ * - Opaque geometry in every range but the nearest is drawn with its near
+ *   plane pulled in by `scene.opaqueFrustumNearOffset` (public), exactly as
+ *   `scene.pickPosition` assumes when it decodes the same textures.
+ * - `scene.frameState.useLogDepth`: whether depth is logarithmic (see
+ *   `depthToViewDistance`).
+ *
+ * Any of these missing or shaped differently returns null, which callers treat
+ * as "no depth".
+ *
+ * @param {Cesium.Scene} scene
+ * @param {Float64Array} [viewScratch] Sixteen numbers to write the view matrix
+ *   into instead of allocating; the result's `view` is then this array.
+ * @returns {null | {
+ *   gl: WebGLRenderingContext|WebGL2RenderingContext, webgl2: boolean,
+ *   width: number, height: number, framebuffers: WebGLFramebuffer[],
+ *   textures: WebGLTexture[],
+ *   frustums: Array<{near: number, far: number}>, logDepth: boolean,
+ *   view: Float64Array, tanHalfFovX: number, tanHalfFovY: number,
+ * }}
+ */
+export function readSceneDepthSource(scene, viewScratch) {
+  try {
+    if (!scene || scene.mode !== Cesium.SceneMode.SCENE3D) return null;
+    if (scene.useDepthPicking !== true) return null;
+    const context = scene.context;
+    const gl = context?._gl;
+    if (!gl || context.depthTexture !== true) return null;
+    if (scene._environmentState?.useGlobeDepthFramebuffer !== true) return null;
+
+    const camera = scene.camera;
+    const frustum = camera?.frustum;
+    const fovy = frustum?.fovy;
+    const aspectRatio = frustum?.aspectRatio;
+    if (!(fovy > 0 && fovy < Math.PI) || !(aspectRatio > 0)) return null;
+    if (frustum.xOffset || frustum.yOffset) return null;
+
+    const view = scene.view;
+    const ranges = view?.frustumCommandsList;
+    const pickDepths = view?.pickDepths;
+    if (!ranges?.length || !pickDepths?.length) return null;
+    const count = Math.min(
+      ranges.length,
+      pickDepths.length,
+      PROBE_MAX_FRUSTUMS,
+    );
+    const nearOffset = Number(scene.opaqueFrustumNearOffset) || 1;
+    const framebuffers = [];
+    const textures = [];
+    const frustums = [];
+    let width = 0;
+    let height = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      const framebuffer = pickDepths[i]?.framebuffer;
+      const raw = framebuffer?._framebuffer;
+      const texture = framebuffer?.getColorTexture?.(0);
+      const near = ranges[i]?.near * (i === 0 ? 1 : nearOffset);
+      const far = ranges[i]?.far;
+      if (!raw || !texture?._texture || !(near > 0) || !(far > near))
+        return null;
+      if (i === 0) {
+        width = texture.width;
+        height = texture.height;
+      } else if (texture.width !== width || texture.height !== height) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      framebuffers.push(raw);
+      textures.push(texture._texture);
+      frustums.push({ near, far });
+    }
+    if (!(width > 0) || !(height > 0)) return null;
+
+    const tanHalfFovY = Math.tan(fovy / 2);
+    return {
+      gl,
+      webgl2: context.webgl2 === true,
+      width,
+      height,
+      framebuffers,
+      textures,
+      frustums,
+      logDepth: scene.frameState?.useLogDepth === true,
+      view: Cesium.Matrix4.toArray(
+        camera.viewMatrix,
+        viewScratch || new Float64Array(16),
+      ),
+      tanHalfFovX: tanHalfFovY * aspectRatio,
+      tanHalfFovY,
+    };
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * One point per contact. `a_contact` is (u, v, threshold): where the contact
+ * is in the frame, and the view distance a drawn surface must be under to hide
+ * it. A hidden contact's point is moved outside the clip volume, so nothing is
+ * drawn and its query reports no samples. A visible one lands on the single
+ * pixel of the 1x1 target (the viewport is set to match while these draw).
+ */
+export const PROBE_VERTEX_SHADER = `#version 300 es
+precision highp float;
+precision highp sampler2D;
+layout(location = 0) in vec3 a_contact;
+uniform sampler2D u_depth0;
+uniform sampler2D u_depth1;
+uniform sampler2D u_depth2;
+uniform sampler2D u_depth3;
+uniform int u_count;
+uniform bool u_logDepth;
+uniform vec4 u_near;
+uniform vec4 u_far;
+
+float viewDistance(sampler2D depthTexture, float near, float far) {
+  ivec2 size = textureSize(depthTexture, 0);
+  ivec2 texel = min(ivec2(a_contact.xy * vec2(size)), size - 1);
+  float depth = dot(
+    texelFetch(depthTexture, texel, 0),
+    vec4(1.0, 1.0 / 255.0, 1.0 / 65025.0, 1.0 / 16581375.0));
+  if (depth <= 0.0 || depth >= 1.0) return -1.0;
+  if (u_logDepth) return near + exp2(depth * log2(far - near + 1.0)) - 1.0;
+  return near * far / (far - depth * (far - near));
+}
+
+void main() {
+  float surface = viewDistance(u_depth0, u_near.x, u_far.x);
+  if (surface < 0.0 && u_count > 1) surface = viewDistance(u_depth1, u_near.y, u_far.y);
+  if (surface < 0.0 && u_count > 2) surface = viewDistance(u_depth2, u_near.z, u_far.z);
+  if (surface < 0.0 && u_count > 3) surface = viewDistance(u_depth3, u_near.w, u_far.w);
+  bool hidden = surface > 0.0 && surface < a_contact.z;
+  gl_Position = hidden ? vec4(2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0) : vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+  gl_PointSize = 1.0;
+}
+`;
+
+const FRAGMENT_SHADER = `#version 300 es
+precision mediump float;
+out vec4 color;
+void main() { color = vec4(1.0); }
+`;
+
+function canQuery(gl) {
+  return (
+    typeof gl.createQuery === 'function' &&
+    typeof gl.beginQuery === 'function' &&
+    typeof gl.getQueryParameter === 'function' &&
+    typeof gl.createVertexArray === 'function'
+  );
+}
+
+function compile(gl, type, source) {
+  const shader = gl.createShader(type);
+  gl.shaderSource(shader, source);
+  gl.compileShader(shader);
+  if (!gl.getShaderParameter(shader, gl.COMPILE_STATUS)) {
+    gl.deleteShader(shader);
+    return null;
+  }
+  return shader;
+}
+
+/** Owns the GPU objects and the query batches in flight. */
+export class SceneOcclusionProbe {
+  /**
+   * @param {{
+   *   now?: () => number,
+   *   readSource?: typeof readSceneDepthSource,
+   * }} [options]
+   */
+  constructor({
+    now = () => performance.now(),
+    readSource = readSceneDepthSource,
+  } = {}) {
+    this._clock = now;
+    this._readSource = readSource;
+    /** Most tests one frame takes; read by whoever schedules them. */
+    this.maxPerFrame = PROBE_MAX_PER_FRAME;
+    /** `'async'` (queries), `'sync'` (blocking read), or `'off'`. */
+    this.mode = 'off';
+    /** Milliseconds the last frame spent collecting answers and drawing. */
+    this.lastFrameMs = 0;
+    /** Contact tests started in the last frame. */
+    this.lastFrameTests = 0;
+    this._scene = null;
+    this._now = 0;
+    this._source = undefined;
+    this._gl = null;
+    this._resources = null;
+    this._queryPool = [];
+    this._batches = [];
+    this._attributes = new Float32Array((PROBE_MAX_PER_FRAME + 1) * 3);
+    this._queued = [];
+    this._projected = { u: 0, v: 0, threshold: 0 };
+    this._controlFailures = 0;
+    this._retryAt = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+    this._frame = 0;
+    this._view = new Float64Array(16);
+    this._snapshot = null;
+    this._snapshotAt = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+    this._spent = 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Open a frame: take in the answers that have arrived. Call after the scene
+   * has rendered (a post-render listener), before `add`.
+   * @param {Cesium.Scene} scene
+   * @param {number} now The caller's clock, in milliseconds. Answers are
+   *   dated by it, so it must be the clock the caller judges their age on.
+   */
+  beginFrame(scene, now) {
+    const started = this._clock();
+    this._scene = scene;
+    this._now = now;
+    this._frame++;
+    this._source = undefined;
+    // A frame that never reached `endFrame` leaves its contacts untested.
+    this._release(this._queued);
+    this._queued.length = 0;
+    this.lastFrameTests = 0;
+    this._collect();
+    this._spent = this._clock() - started;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Queue a contact for testing against the frame just drawn.
+   * @param {{lastHiddenAt: number, pending: boolean, answered: boolean}}
+   *   contact Updated when the answer arrives: `pending` cleared, `answered`
+   *   set and, if the contact was hidden, `lastHiddenAt` set to the time of
+   *   the frame it was tested against.
+   * @param {{x: number, y: number, z: number}} position
+   * @returns {boolean} False when the contact cannot be tested now.
+   */
+  add(contact, position) {
+    if (this._source === undefined) this._openSource();
+    const source = this._source;
+    if (!source) return false;
+    if (this.mode === 'sync') {
+      const hidden = this._snapshot?.hides(position);
+      if (hidden === null || hidden === undefined) return false;
+      contact.answered = true;
+      if (hidden) contact.lastHiddenAt = this._now;
+      this.lastFrameTests++;
+      return true;
+    }
+    const queued = this._queued;
+    if (queued.length >= PROBE_MAX_PER_FRAME) return false;
+    const projected = this._projected;
+    if (
+      !projectContact(
+        source.view,
+        source.tanHalfFovX,
+        source.tanHalfFovY,
+        position,
+        projected,
+      )
+    )
+      return false;
+    // Slot 0 is the control point; contacts start at 1.
+    const at = (queued.length + 1) * 3;
+    const attributes = this._attributes;
+    attributes[at] = projected.u;
+    attributes[at + 1] = projected.v;
+    attributes[at + 2] = projected.threshold;
+    queued.push(contact);
+    contact.pending = true;
+    this.lastFrameTests++;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /** Close the frame: draw the queued contacts' queries. */
+  endFrame() {
+    const started = this._clock();
+    if (this._queued.length > 0 && this._source && this.mode === 'async') {
+      try {
+        this._draw(this._source);
+      } catch {
+        this._release(this._queued);
+        this._fail();
+      }
+    }
+    this._queued.length = 0;
+    this._source = undefined;
+    this.lastFrameMs = this._spent + (this._clock() - started);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Drop every test in flight but keep the GPU objects, so that switching the
+   * overlay off and on again does not compile the shader a second time.
+   */
+  reset() {
+    const gl = this._gl;
+    for (const batch of this._batches) this._release(batch.contacts);
+    this._release(this._queued);
+    try {
+      if (gl && !gl.isContextLost?.()) {
+        for (const batch of this._batches)
+          for (let i = batch.cursor; i < batch.queries.length; i++)
+            this._queryPool.push(batch.queries[i]);
+      }
+    } catch {
+      // A context that is going away has already released them.
+    }
+    this._batches.length = 0;
+    this._queued.length = 0;
+    this._source = undefined;
+    this._snapshot = null;
+    this._snapshotAt = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+    this._controlFailures = 0;
+    this._retryAt = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+    this.mode = 'off';
+  }
+
+  /** Delete the GPU objects and drop every test in flight. */
+  destroy() {
+    this.reset();
+    const gl = this._gl;
+    try {
+      if (gl && !gl.isContextLost?.()) {
+        for (const query of this._queryPool) gl.deleteQuery(query);
+        const resources = this._resources;
+        if (resources) {
+          gl.deleteProgram(resources.program);
+          gl.deleteVertexArray(resources.vertexArray);
+          gl.deleteBuffer(resources.buffer);
+          gl.deleteFramebuffer(resources.framebuffer);
+          gl.deleteTexture(resources.texture);
+        }
+      }
+    } catch {
+      // A context that is going away has already released them.
+    }
+    this._queryPool.length = 0;
+    this._resources = null;
+    this._gl = null;
+  }
+
+  /** Tests that will never be answered stop counting as in flight. */
+  _release(contacts) {
+    for (const contact of contacts) if (contact) contact.pending = false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Something in the query path broke: stand down for a while and keep
+   * everything drawn, then try again in case the cause was passing.
+   */
+  _fail() {
+    this._retryAt = this._now + PROBE_RETRY_AFTER_MS;
+    this._controlFailures = 0;
+    this.mode = 'off';
+  }
+
+  /** Read this frame's depth source, once, when the first contact asks. */
+  _openSource() {
+    this._source = null;
+    if (this._now < this._retryAt) return;
+    const source = this._readSource(this._scene, this._view);
+    if (!source) {
+      this.mode = 'off';
+      return;
+    }
+    if (source.gl !== this._gl) {
+      // A different context (a rebuilt viewer) orphans whatever was in flight.
+      this.destroy();
+      this._gl = source.gl;
+    }
+    try {
+      if (source.gl.isContextLost?.()) {
+        // Everything made on the lost context went with it.
+        this.reset();
+        this._queryPool.length = 0;
+        this._resources = null;
+        return;
+      }
+      if (source.webgl2 && canQuery(source.gl)) {
+        if (!this._resources && !this._createResources(source.gl)) {
+          this._fail();
+          return;
+        }
+        this.mode = 'async';
+      } else {
+        this.mode = 'sync';
+        if (this._now - this._snapshotAt >= SYNC_READ_INTERVAL_MS) {
+          this._snapshot = this._readSync(source);
+          this._snapshotAt = this._now;
+        }
+      }
+      this._source = source;
+    } catch {
+      this._fail();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compile the shader and make the 1x1 target. This is the one place the
+   * probe does wait on the GPU process (compile, link and framebuffer status
+   * are answered synchronously): once per WebGL context, on the first frame a
+   * depth-tested contact is in view. `reset` keeps the result.
+   */
+  _createResources(gl) {
+    const vertex = compile(gl, gl.VERTEX_SHADER, PROBE_VERTEX_SHADER);
+    const fragment = compile(gl, gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER, FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+    if (!vertex || !fragment) return false;
+    const program = gl.createProgram();
+    gl.attachShader(program, vertex);
+    gl.attachShader(program, fragment);
+    gl.linkProgram(program);
+    gl.deleteShader(vertex);
+    gl.deleteShader(fragment);
+    if (!gl.getProgramParameter(program, gl.LINK_STATUS)) {
+      gl.deleteProgram(program);
+      return false;
+    }
+    const uniform = (name) => gl.getUniformLocation(program, name);
+    const previousArray = gl.getParameter(gl.VERTEX_ARRAY_BINDING);
+    const previousBuffer = gl.getParameter(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING);
+    const previousTexture = gl.getParameter(gl.TEXTURE_BINDING_2D);
+    const previousDraw = gl.getParameter(gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING);
+
+    const vertexArray = gl.createVertexArray();
+    const buffer = gl.createBuffer();
+    gl.bindVertexArray(vertexArray);
+    gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer);
+    gl.enableVertexAttribArray(0);
+    gl.vertexAttribPointer(0, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
+    gl.bindVertexArray(previousArray);
+    gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, previousBuffer);
+
+    const texture = gl.createTexture();
+    const framebuffer = gl.createFramebuffer();
+    gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, texture);
+    gl.texStorage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 1, gl.RGBA8, 1, 1);
+    gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, previousTexture);
+    gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);
+    gl.framebufferTexture2D(
+      gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER,
+      gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,
+      gl.TEXTURE_2D,
+      texture,
+      0,
+    );
+    const complete =
+      gl.checkFramebufferStatus(gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER) ===
+      gl.FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE;
+    gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, previousDraw);
+    if (!complete) {
+      // Leave nothing half-made behind, so a later retry starts from scratch.
+      gl.deleteProgram(program);
+      gl.deleteVertexArray(vertexArray);
+      gl.deleteBuffer(buffer);
+      gl.deleteFramebuffer(framebuffer);
+      gl.deleteTexture(texture);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    this._resources = {
+      program,
+      vertexArray,
+      buffer,
+      texture,
+      framebuffer,
+      depth: [0, 1, 2, 3].map((i) => uniform(`u_depth${i}`)),
+      count: uniform('u_count'),
+      logDepth: uniform('u_logDepth'),
+      near: uniform('u_near'),
+      far: uniform('u_far'),
+    };
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Draw one query per queued contact, preceded by a control point that must
+   * always draw. The renderer caches the framebuffer, viewport and scissor
+   * state it last set, so those are put back exactly as found, along with
+   * every binding touched here. Depth, stencil, blending and the colour mask
+   * need no care: the target has no depth or stencil attachment, and a query
+   * counts samples whether or not they are written.
+   */
+  _draw(source) {
+    const gl = source.gl;
+    const resources = this._resources;
+    const contacts = this._queued.slice();
+    const count = contacts.length + 1;
+    const attributes = this._attributes;
+    // The control point: mid-frame, with a threshold nothing can be under.
+    attributes[0] = 0.5;
+    attributes[1] = 0.5;
+    attributes[2] = -1;
+    const layers = source.textures.length;
+    const frustums = source.frustums;
+
+    const previousProgram = gl.getParameter(gl.CURRENT_PROGRAM);
+    const previousArray = gl.getParameter(gl.VERTEX_ARRAY_BINDING);
+    const previousBuffer = gl.getParameter(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING);
+    const previousDraw = gl.getParameter(gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING);
+    const previousUnit = gl.getParameter(gl.ACTIVE_TEXTURE);
+    const previousViewport = gl.getParameter(gl.VIEWPORT);
+    const previousTextures = [];
+    const scissor = gl.isEnabled(gl.SCISSOR_TEST);
+    const queries = [];
+    const pool = this._queryPool;
+    let open = false;
+    try {
+      for (let i = 0; i < layers; i++) {
+        gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE0 + i);
+        previousTextures.push(gl.getParameter(gl.TEXTURE_BINDING_2D));
+        gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, source.textures[i]);
+      }
+      if (scissor) gl.disable(gl.SCISSOR_TEST);
+      gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, resources.framebuffer);
+      gl.viewport(0, 0, 1, 1);
+      gl.useProgram(resources.program);
+      // Samplers past the ranges in use point at the first range's texture:
+      // every sampler a program declares must be drawable, read or not.
+      for (let i = 0; i < PROBE_MAX_FRUSTUMS; i++)
+        gl.uniform1i(resources.depth[i], i < layers ? i : 0);
+      gl.uniform1i(resources.count, layers);
+      gl.uniform1i(resources.logDepth, source.logDepth ? 1 : 0);
+      gl.uniform4f(
+        resources.near,
+        frustums[0].near,
+        frustums[1]?.near ?? 1,
+        frustums[2]?.near ?? 1,
+        frustums[3]?.near ?? 1,
+      );
+      gl.uniform4f(
+        resources.far,
+        frustums[0].far,
+        frustums[1]?.far ?? 2,
+        frustums[2]?.far ?? 2,
+        frustums[3]?.far ?? 2,
+      );
+      gl.bindVertexArray(resources.vertexArray);
+      gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, resources.buffer);
+      gl.bufferData(
+        gl.ARRAY_BUFFER,
+        attributes.subarray(0, count * 3),
+        gl.STREAM_DRAW,
+      );
+      for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        const query = pool.pop() || gl.createQuery();
+        queries.push(query);
+        gl.beginQuery(gl.ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_CONSERVATIVE, query);
+        open = true;
+        gl.drawArrays(gl.POINTS, i, 1);
+        gl.endQuery(gl.ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_CONSERVATIVE);
+        open = false;
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      // Leave no query open and none unaccounted for; the caller stands down.
+      try {
+        if (open) gl.endQuery(gl.ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_CONSERVATIVE);
+        for (const query of queries) gl.deleteQuery(query);
+      } catch {
+        // Nothing more can be done for them.
+      }
+      throw error;
+    } finally {
+      gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, previousBuffer);
+      gl.bindVertexArray(previousArray);
+      gl.useProgram(previousProgram);
+      gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, previousDraw);
+      if (previousViewport)
+        gl.viewport(
+          previousViewport[0],
+          previousViewport[1],
+          previousViewport[2],
+          previousViewport[3],
+        );
+      if (scissor) gl.enable(gl.SCISSOR_TEST);
+      for (let i = previousTextures.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE0 + i);
+        gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, previousTextures[i]);
+      }
+      gl.activeTexture(previousUnit);
+    }
+
+    this._batches.push({
+      queries,
+      contacts,
+      at: this._now,
+      frame: this._frame,
+      cursor: 0,
+      control: false,
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Take in whatever answers have arrived, oldest batch first, without
+   * waiting for any that have not. An answer is dated to the frame its test
+   * was drawn on, so one that arrives late (the overlay was not painting for
+   * a while) is as stale as it is old.
+   */
+  _collect() {
+    const batches = this._batches;
+    if (batches.length === 0) return;
+    const gl = this._gl;
+    try {
+      if (gl.isContextLost?.()) {
+        // Queries made on a lost context are gone with it.
+        this.reset();
+        this._queryPool.length = 0;
+        this._resources = null;
+        return;
+      }
+      while (batches.length > 0) {
+        const batch = batches[0];
+        const { queries, contacts } = batch;
+        while (batch.cursor < queries.length) {
+          const query = queries[batch.cursor];
+          if (!gl.getQueryParameter(query, gl.QUERY_RESULT_AVAILABLE)) break;
+          const drew = !!gl.getQueryParameter(query, gl.QUERY_RESULT);
+          if (batch.cursor === 0) {
+            batch.control = drew;
+          } else {
+            const contact = contacts[batch.cursor - 1];
+            contact.pending = false;
+            contact.answered = true;
+            // Without the control point's yes, a no means nothing.
+            if (!drew && batch.control && batch.at > contact.lastHiddenAt)
+              contact.lastHiddenAt = batch.at;
+          }
+          this._queryPool.push(query);
+          batch.cursor++;
+        }
+        if (batch.cursor < queries.length) break;
+        batches.shift();
+        if (batch.control) {
+          this._controlFailures = 0;
+        } else if (++this._controlFailures >= PROBE_MAX_CONTROL_FAILURES) {
+          this._fail();
+        }
+      }
+      // Whatever is still unanswered after too many frames is dropped,
+      // wherever it stands in the queue, so its contacts can be tested again.
+      const overdue = this._frame - PROBE_MAX_PENDING_FRAMES;
+      for (let i = batches.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        const batch = batches[i];
+        if (batch.frame >= overdue) continue;
+        for (let k = batch.cursor; k < batch.queries.length; k++)
+          gl.deleteQuery(batch.queries[k]);
+        for (
+          let k = Math.max(0, batch.cursor - 1);
+          k < batch.contacts.length;
+          k++
+        )
+          batch.contacts[k].pending = false;
+        batches.splice(i, 1);
+      }
+    } catch {
+      for (const batch of batches) this._release(batch.contacts);
+      batches.length = 0;
+      this._fail();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * No queries (WebGL 1): read each depth range at full size and wait for it.
+   * Costs milliseconds per read; used only where nothing better exists.
+   */
+  _readSync(source) {
+    const gl = source.gl;
+    const { width, height } = source;
+    const layers = source.framebuffers.length;
+    const layerBytes = width * height * 4;
+    const byteLength = layerBytes * layers;
+    const bytes =
+      this._snapshot?.bytes.length === byteLength
+        ? this._snapshot.bytes
+        : new Uint8Array(byteLength);
+    const previous = gl.getParameter(gl.FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING);
+    for (let i = 0; i < layers; i++) {
+      gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, source.framebuffers[i]);
+      gl.readPixels(
+        0,
+        0,
+        width,
+        height,
+        gl.RGBA,
+        gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE,
+        bytes.subarray(i * layerBytes, (i + 1) * layerBytes),
+      );
+    }
+    gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, previous);
+    return new DepthSnapshot({
+      width,
+      height,
+      bytes,
+      frustums: source.frustums,
+      logDepth: source.logDepth,
+      // The source's matrix is a scratch array the next frame overwrites.
+      view: Float64Array.from(source.view),
+      tanHalfFovX: source.tanHalfFovX,
+      tanHalfFovY: source.tanHalfFovY,
+    });
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.test.mjs b/src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d4ba75e1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,664 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import {
+  PROBE_MAX_CONTROL_FAILURES,
+  PROBE_MAX_FRUSTUMS,
+  PROBE_MAX_PENDING_FRAMES,
+  PROBE_MAX_PER_FRAME,
+  PROBE_RETRY_AFTER_MS,
+  PROBE_VERTEX_SHADER,
+  SYNC_READ_INTERVAL_MS,
+  SceneOcclusionProbe,
+  readSceneDepthSource,
+} from './sceneOcclusionProbe.js';
+import {
+  createFakeDepthScene,
+  createFakeGl,
+  depthImage,
+  viewDistanceToDepth,
+} from './fixtures/fakeDepthScene.mjs';
+
+const NEAR = 1;
+const FAR = 100_000;
+
+/** Left half a wall 400 m away, right half ground 500 m away. */
+function wallImage(width, height, logDepth = true, wall = 400) {
+  return depthImage(width, height, (column) =>
+    viewDistanceToDepth(column < width / 2 ? wall : 500, NEAR, FAR, logDepth),
+  );
+}
+
+function wallScene({ width = 64, height = 32, logDepth = true, gl } = {}) {
+  return createFakeDepthScene({
+    gl,
+    logDepth,
+    aspectRatio: width / height,
+    ranges: [
+      { near: NEAR, far: FAR, image: wallImage(width, height, logDepth) },
+    ],
+  });
+}
+
+const behindWall = { x: -250, y: 0, z: -500 };
+const onStreet = { x: 250, y: 0, z: -500 };
+const contact = () => ({
+  lastHiddenAt: Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
+  pending: false,
+});
+
+/** One frame: collect, queue the given contacts, draw. */
+function frame(probe, scene, now, tests = []) {
+  probe.beginFrame(scene, now);
+  const accepted = tests.map(([entry, position]) => probe.add(entry, position));
+  probe.endFrame();
+  return accepted;
+}
+
+test('a test is drawn at once and answered on a later frame, without anything being read back', () => {
+  const scene = wallScene();
+  const gl = scene.context._gl;
+  const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  const hidden = contact();
+  const shown = contact();
+  assert.equal(probe.mode, 'off');
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    frame(probe, scene, 1000, [
+      [hidden, behindWall],
+      [shown, onStreet],
+    ]),
+    [true, true],
+  );
+  assert.equal(probe.mode, 'async');
+  assert.equal(probe.lastFrameTests, 2);
+  assert.equal(hidden.pending, true);
+  assert.equal(
+    gl.counts.queries,
+    3,
+    'the control point and one query per contact',
+  );
+  assert.equal(gl.counts.draws, 3);
+
+  // Frames pass before the GPU has answered: nothing changes, nothing waits.
+  frame(probe, scene, 1016);
+  frame(probe, scene, 1032);
+  assert.equal(hidden.pending, true);
+  assert.equal(hidden.lastHiddenAt, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
+  assert.equal(gl.counts.resultReads, 0);
+  assert.equal(gl.counts.readPixels, 0);
+
+  gl.finishGpu();
+  frame(probe, scene, 1048);
+  assert.equal(hidden.pending, false);
+  assert.equal(shown.pending, false);
+  assert.equal(hidden.answered, true);
+  assert.equal(shown.answered, true);
+  assert.equal(hidden.lastHiddenAt, 1000, 'dated to its test frame');
+  assert.equal(shown.lastHiddenAt, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
+  assert.equal(gl.counts.readPixels, 0, 'depth never leaves the GPU');
+});
+
+test('queries are reused, and every depth range is tested nearest first', () => {
+  const width = 64;
+  const height = 32;
+  const farNear = 900;
+  const farFar = 5_000_000;
+  const scene = createFakeDepthScene({
+    aspectRatio: 2,
+    ranges: [
+      // Near range: the wall on the left, nothing drawn on the right.
+      {
+        near: NEAR,
+        far: 1000,
+        image: depthImage(width, height, (column) =>
+          column < width / 2 ? viewDistanceToDepth(400, NEAR, 1000, true) : 1,
+        ),
+      },
+      // Far range: ground 20 km away, drawn with its near plane pulled in.
+      {
+        near: farNear,
+        far: farFar,
+        image: depthImage(width, height, () =>
+          viewDistanceToDepth(20_000, farNear * 0.9999, farFar, true),
+        ),
+      },
+    ],
+  });
+  const gl = scene.context._gl;
+  const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  const cases = [
+    [contact(), { x: -7500, y: 0, z: -15_000 }, true], // behind the near wall
+    [contact(), { x: 7500, y: 0, z: -15_000 }, false], // above the far ground
+    [contact(), { x: 15_000, y: 0, z: -30_000 }, true], // under the far ground
+    [contact(), { x: -150, y: 0, z: -300 }, false], // in front of the wall
+  ];
+  for (let round = 0; round < 3; round++) {
+    frame(
+      probe,
+      scene,
+      round * 100,
+      cases.map(([entry, position]) => [entry, position]),
+    );
+    gl.finishGpu();
+    frame(probe, scene, round * 100 + 16);
+    for (const [entry, , hidden] of cases) {
+      assert.equal(entry.pending, false);
+      assert.equal(entry.lastHiddenAt === round * 100, hidden);
+    }
+  }
+  assert.equal(gl.liveQueries.size, 5, 'five queries serve every round');
+  const source = readSceneDepthSource(scene);
+  assert.equal(source.frustums[1].near, farNear * 0.9999);
+});
+
+test('standard depth scenes are tested too', () => {
+  const scene = wallScene({ logDepth: false });
+  const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  const hidden = contact();
+  const shown = contact();
+  frame(probe, scene, 0, [
+    [hidden, behindWall],
+    [shown, onStreet],
+  ]);
+  scene.context._gl.finishGpu();
+  frame(probe, scene, 16);
+  assert.equal(hidden.lastHiddenAt, 0);
+  assert.equal(shown.lastHiddenAt, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
+});
+
+test('every binding the renderer relies on is left as found', () => {
+  const scene = wallScene();
+  const gl = scene.context._gl;
+  const found = {
+    read: { image: null },
+    draw: { image: null },
+    units: [{}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}],
+    unit: 5,
+    array: {},
+    vertexArray: {},
+    program: { uniforms: {} },
+    scissor: true,
+    viewport: [12, 34, 640, 480],
+  };
+  Object.assign(gl.state, found, { units: [...found.units] });
+  const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  const hidden = contact();
+  frame(probe, scene, 0, [[hidden, behindWall]]);
+  for (const key of [
+    'read',
+    'draw',
+    'unit',
+    'array',
+    'vertexArray',
+    'program',
+    'scissor',
+  ])
+    assert.equal(gl.state[key], found[key], key);
+  assert.deepEqual(gl.state.units, found.units);
+  assert.deepEqual(gl.state.viewport, [12, 34, 640, 480]);
+  // The scissor test and the offset viewport would both have kept the points
+  // off the target, so neither was in force for them: the control point drew,
+  // and the answer counts.
+  gl.finishGpu();
+  frame(probe, scene, 16);
+  assert.equal(hidden.lastHiddenAt, 0);
+  assert.equal(gl.state.scissor, true);
+});
+
+test('a contact outside the frame, or past the frame budget, is not taken', () => {
+  const scene = wallScene();
+  const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  probe.beginFrame(scene, 0);
+  const outside = contact();
+  assert.equal(probe.add(outside, { x: -1100, y: 0, z: -500 }), false);
+  assert.equal(probe.add(outside, { x: 0, y: 0, z: 500 }), false);
+  assert.equal(outside.pending, false);
+  const taken = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < PROBE_MAX_PER_FRAME + 10; i++)
+    taken.push(probe.add(contact(), onStreet));
+  probe.endFrame();
+  assert.equal(taken.filter(Boolean).length, PROBE_MAX_PER_FRAME);
+  assert.equal(taken.lastIndexOf(true), PROBE_MAX_PER_FRAME - 1);
+  assert.equal(scene.context._gl.counts.queries, PROBE_MAX_PER_FRAME + 1);
+});
+
+test('a frame with nothing to test touches nothing', () => {
+  let reads = 0;
+  const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe({
+    readSource: () => {
+      reads++;
+      return null;
+    },
+  });
+  frame(probe, {}, 0);
+  frame(probe, {}, 16);
+  assert.equal(reads, 0);
+  assert.equal(probe.lastFrameTests, 0);
+});
+
+test('no depth source: nothing is tested and nothing is in flight', () => {
+  const broken = [
+    null,
+    {},
+    { ...wallScene(), mode: Cesium.SceneMode.SCENE2D },
+    { ...wallScene(), mode: Cesium.SceneMode.COLUMBUS_VIEW },
+    { ...wallScene(), useDepthPicking: false },
+    { ...wallScene(), _environmentState: { useGlobeDepthFramebuffer: false } },
+    { ...wallScene(), view: { frustumCommandsList: [], pickDepths: [] } },
+    { ...wallScene(), view: undefined },
+    (() => {
+      const scene = wallScene();
+      scene.context.depthTexture = false;
+      return scene;
+    })(),
+    (() => {
+      const scene = wallScene();
+      scene.camera.frustum = { width: 1000, aspectRatio: 2 }; // orthographic
+      return scene;
+    })(),
+    (() => {
+      const scene = wallScene();
+      scene.camera.frustum.xOffset = 10;
+      return scene;
+    })(),
+    (() => {
+      const scene = wallScene();
+      scene.view.pickDepths[0].framebuffer = undefined; // not drawn yet
+      return scene;
+    })(),
+    (() => {
+      const scene = wallScene();
+      Object.defineProperty(scene, 'view', {
+        get() {
+          throw new Error('renderer changed shape');
+        },
+      });
+      return scene;
+    })(),
+  ];
+  for (const scene of broken) {
+    assert.equal(readSceneDepthSource(scene), null);
+    const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+    const entry = contact();
+    assert.deepEqual(frame(probe, scene, 0, [[entry, behindWall]]), [false]);
+    assert.equal(probe.mode, 'off');
+    assert.equal(entry.pending, false);
+  }
+});
+
+test('depth that comes and goes is picked up frame by frame', () => {
+  const scene = wallScene();
+  const gl = scene.context._gl;
+  const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  const entry = contact();
+  scene.useDepthPicking = false;
+  assert.deepEqual(frame(probe, scene, 0, [[entry, behindWall]]), [false]);
+  assert.equal(probe.mode, 'off');
+  scene.useDepthPicking = true;
+  assert.deepEqual(frame(probe, scene, 16, [[entry, behindWall]]), [true]);
+  assert.equal(probe.mode, 'async');
+  gl.finishGpu();
+  frame(probe, scene, 32);
+  assert.equal(entry.lastHiddenAt, 16);
+});
+
+test('depth ranges past the limit are left out, nearest kept', () => {
+  const image = wallImage(8, 8);
+  const ranges = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < PROBE_MAX_FRUSTUMS + 2; i++)
+    ranges.push({ near: 10 ** i, far: 10 ** (i + 1), image });
+  const source = readSceneDepthSource(createFakeDepthScene({ ranges }));
+  assert.equal(source.frustums.length, PROBE_MAX_FRUSTUMS);
+  assert.equal(source.textures.length, PROBE_MAX_FRUSTUMS);
+  assert.equal(source.frustums[0].near, 1);
+});
+
+test('a control point that does not draw voids its batch; a run of them stands the probe down for a while', () => {
+  const scene = wallScene();
+  const gl = scene.context._gl;
+  const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  // Something outside the probe's reach stops every point from drawing, so
+  // every query reads "nothing drew", which would otherwise mean "hidden".
+  gl.state.drawsLand = false;
+  let now = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < PROBE_MAX_CONTROL_FAILURES; i++) {
+    const entry = contact();
+    assert.deepEqual(frame(probe, scene, now, [[entry, behindWall]]), [true]);
+    gl.finishGpu();
+    now += 16;
+    frame(probe, scene, now);
+    assert.equal(entry.pending, false);
+    assert.equal(entry.lastHiddenAt, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, 'not believed');
+    now += 16;
+  }
+  assert.equal(probe.mode, 'off');
+  const stoodDownAt = now - 16;
+  assert.deepEqual(frame(probe, scene, now, [[contact(), behindWall]]), [
+    false,
+  ]);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    frame(probe, scene, stoodDownAt + PROBE_RETRY_AFTER_MS - 1, [
+      [contact(), behindWall],
+    ]),
+    [false],
+  );
+  // The cause has passed: the probe picks up where it left off.
+  gl.state.drawsLand = true;
+  const entry = contact();
+  const retryAt = stoodDownAt + PROBE_RETRY_AFTER_MS;
+  assert.deepEqual(frame(probe, scene, retryAt, [[entry, behindWall]]), [true]);
+  assert.equal(probe.mode, 'async');
+  gl.finishGpu();
+  frame(probe, scene, retryAt + 16);
+  assert.equal(entry.lastHiddenAt, retryAt);
+
+  // One good batch in between resets the count.
+  const healthy = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  const other = wallScene();
+  for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+    other.context._gl.state.drawsLand = i % 2 === 1;
+    frame(healthy, other, i * 32, [[contact(), onStreet]]);
+    other.context._gl.finishGpu();
+    frame(healthy, other, i * 32 + 16);
+  }
+  assert.equal(healthy.mode, 'async');
+});
+
+test('a shader that does not compile, or a WebGL call that throws, stands the probe down cleanly', () => {
+  let scene = wallScene();
+  scene.context._gl.state.compiles = false;
+  let probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  let entry = contact();
+  assert.deepEqual(frame(probe, scene, 0, [[entry, behindWall]]), [false]);
+  assert.equal(probe.mode, 'off');
+  assert.equal(entry.pending, false);
+
+  // A draw that throws part-way: bindings restored, no query left behind.
+  scene = wallScene();
+  let gl = scene.context._gl;
+  const found = {
+    draw: { image: null },
+    program: { uniforms: {} },
+    viewport: [0, 0, 800, 600],
+  };
+  Object.assign(gl.state, found, { scissor: true });
+  let draws = 0;
+  const drawArrays = gl.drawArrays;
+  gl.drawArrays = (...args) => {
+    if (++draws === 2) throw new Error('driver');
+    return drawArrays(...args);
+  };
+  probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  entry = contact();
+  const other = contact();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    frame(probe, scene, 0, [
+      [entry, behindWall],
+      [other, onStreet],
+    ]),
+    [true, true],
+  );
+  assert.equal(entry.pending, false, 'released when the draw failed');
+  assert.equal(other.pending, false);
+  assert.equal(probe.mode, 'off');
+  assert.equal(gl.state.draw, found.draw);
+  assert.equal(gl.state.program, found.program);
+  assert.deepEqual(gl.state.viewport, found.viewport);
+  assert.equal(gl.state.scissor, true);
+  assert.equal(gl.liveQueries.size, 0);
+  assert.deepEqual(frame(probe, scene, 16, [[entry, behindWall]]), [false]);
+
+  scene = wallScene();
+  gl = scene.context._gl;
+  probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  entry = contact();
+  frame(probe, scene, 0, [[entry, behindWall]]);
+  gl.getQueryParameter = () => {
+    throw new Error('driver');
+  };
+  frame(probe, scene, 16);
+  assert.equal(entry.pending, false);
+  assert.equal(probe.mode, 'off');
+});
+
+test('a frame that never reaches its end leaves no contact waiting for an answer', () => {
+  const scene = wallScene();
+  const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  const entry = contact();
+  probe.beginFrame(scene, 0);
+  assert.equal(probe.add(entry, behindWall), true);
+  assert.equal(entry.pending, true);
+  // The painter threw before endFrame; the next frame starts clean.
+  probe.beginFrame(scene, 16);
+  assert.equal(entry.pending, false);
+  assert.equal(probe.add(entry, behindWall), true);
+  probe.endFrame();
+  assert.equal(
+    scene.context._gl.counts.queries,
+    2,
+    'only the second frame drew',
+  );
+});
+
+test('an answer collected late is dated to its test, not to its arrival', () => {
+  const scene = wallScene();
+  const gl = scene.context._gl;
+  const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  const entry = contact();
+  frame(probe, scene, 1000, [[entry, behindWall]]);
+  gl.finishGpu();
+  // The overlay paints nothing for 20 seconds, then resumes.
+  frame(probe, scene, 21_000);
+  assert.equal(entry.pending, false);
+  assert.equal(entry.lastHiddenAt, 1000);
+  // An older answer never overwrites a newer one.
+  entry.lastHiddenAt = 30_000;
+  frame(probe, scene, 22_000, [[entry, behindWall]]);
+  gl.finishGpu();
+  frame(probe, scene, 22_016);
+  assert.equal(entry.lastHiddenAt, 30_000);
+});
+
+test('samplers for depth ranges not in use point at a texture that is bound', () => {
+  const scene = wallScene();
+  const gl = scene.context._gl;
+  // Whatever the renderer left on the other units is not the probe's to read.
+  gl.state.units = [null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null];
+  const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  const entry = contact();
+  frame(probe, scene, 0, [[entry, behindWall]]);
+  gl.finishGpu();
+  frame(probe, scene, 16);
+  assert.equal(
+    entry.lastHiddenAt,
+    0,
+    'the draw was valid, so the answer counts',
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(gl.state.units, [
+    null,
+    null,
+    null,
+    null,
+    null,
+    null,
+    null,
+    null,
+  ]);
+});
+
+test('reset drops tests in flight but keeps the GPU objects for next time', () => {
+  const scene = wallScene();
+  const gl = scene.context._gl;
+  const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  const entry = contact();
+  frame(probe, scene, 0, [[entry, behindWall]]);
+  probe.reset();
+  assert.equal(entry.pending, false);
+  assert.equal(probe.mode, 'off');
+  assert.equal(gl.counts.deleted, 0);
+  gl.finishGpu();
+  frame(probe, scene, 16);
+  assert.equal(
+    entry.lastHiddenAt,
+    Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
+    'the dropped answer is not applied',
+  );
+  frame(probe, scene, 32, [[entry, behindWall]]);
+  assert.equal(probe.mode, 'async');
+  assert.equal(gl.liveQueries.size, 2, 'queries are reused, not recreated');
+});
+
+test('a lost context drops what was in flight and starts over when it returns', () => {
+  const scene = wallScene();
+  const gl = scene.context._gl;
+  const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  const entry = contact();
+  frame(probe, scene, 0, [[entry, behindWall]]);
+  gl.state.lost = true;
+  assert.deepEqual(frame(probe, scene, 16, [[contact(), behindWall]]), [false]);
+  assert.equal(entry.pending, false);
+  assert.equal(probe.mode, 'off');
+  gl.state.lost = false;
+  assert.deepEqual(frame(probe, scene, 32, [[entry, behindWall]]), [true]);
+  gl.finishGpu();
+  frame(probe, scene, 48);
+  assert.equal(entry.lastHiddenAt, 32);
+});
+
+test('queries that are never answered are abandoned', () => {
+  const scene = wallScene();
+  const gl = scene.context._gl;
+  const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  const entry = contact();
+  frame(probe, scene, 0, [[entry, behindWall]]);
+  for (let i = 1; i <= PROBE_MAX_PENDING_FRAMES; i++)
+    frame(probe, scene, i * 16);
+  assert.equal(entry.pending, true);
+  frame(probe, scene, (PROBE_MAX_PENDING_FRAMES + 1) * 16);
+  assert.equal(entry.pending, false);
+  assert.equal(entry.lastHiddenAt, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
+  assert.equal(gl.liveQueries.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(probe.mode, 'async', 'and the next contact is tested as usual');
+});
+
+test('every batch times out on its own, however many are queued ahead of it', () => {
+  const scene = wallScene();
+  const gl = scene.context._gl;
+  const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  const entries = [];
+  // Ten frames each start a batch; the GPU answers none of them.
+  for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    const entry = contact();
+    entries.push(entry);
+    frame(probe, scene, i * 16, [[entry, behindWall]]);
+  }
+  for (let i = 10; i <= PROBE_MAX_PENDING_FRAMES; i++)
+    frame(probe, scene, i * 16);
+  assert.ok(entries.every((entry) => entry.pending));
+  // Ten more frames and all ten have been dropped, not one every 120 frames.
+  for (let i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
+    frame(probe, scene, (PROBE_MAX_PENDING_FRAMES + i) * 16);
+  assert.ok(entries.every((entry) => !entry.pending));
+  assert.equal(gl.liveQueries.size, 0);
+});
+
+test('a target that cannot be made leaves nothing behind, and the next try starts from scratch', () => {
+  const scene = wallScene();
+  const gl = scene.context._gl;
+  const complete = gl.checkFramebufferStatus;
+  gl.checkFramebufferStatus = () => 0;
+  const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  const entry = contact();
+  assert.deepEqual(frame(probe, scene, 0, [[entry, behindWall]]), [false]);
+  assert.equal(probe.mode, 'off');
+  assert.equal(gl.counts.deleted, 5, 'program, array, buffer, target');
+  // Memory pressure passes; after the stand-down the probe builds it all again.
+  gl.checkFramebufferStatus = complete;
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    frame(probe, scene, PROBE_RETRY_AFTER_MS, [[entry, behindWall]]),
+    [true],
+  );
+  assert.equal(probe.mode, 'async');
+  gl.finishGpu();
+  frame(probe, scene, PROBE_RETRY_AFTER_MS + 16);
+  assert.equal(entry.lastHiddenAt, PROBE_RETRY_AFTER_MS);
+});
+
+test('a new WebGL context, or destroy, releases everything', () => {
+  const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  const first = wallScene();
+  const entry = contact();
+  frame(probe, first, 0, [[entry, behindWall]]);
+  const second = wallScene();
+  const again = contact();
+  assert.deepEqual(frame(probe, second, 16, [[again, behindWall]]), [true]);
+  assert.equal(entry.pending, false, 'the first context will never answer');
+  assert.equal(first.context._gl.liveQueries.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(
+    first.context._gl.counts.deleted,
+    5,
+    'program, array, buffer, target',
+  );
+  probe.destroy();
+  assert.equal(again.pending, false);
+  assert.equal(second.context._gl.liveQueries.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(probe.mode, 'off');
+});
+
+test('without queries (WebGL 1) depth is read back synchronously, at most every interval, and the mode says so', () => {
+  const gl = createFakeGl({ webgl2: false });
+  const scene = wallScene({ gl });
+  assert.equal(scene.context.webgl2, false);
+  const sceneFramebuffer = { image: null };
+  gl.state.read = sceneFramebuffer;
+  gl.state.draw = sceneFramebuffer;
+  const probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
+  const hidden = contact();
+  const shown = contact();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    frame(probe, scene, 1000, [
+      [hidden, behindWall],
+      [shown, onStreet],
+      [contact(), { x: -1100, y: 0, z: -500 }],
+    ]),
+    [true, true, false],
+  );
+  assert.equal(probe.mode, 'sync');
+  assert.equal(gl.counts.readPixels, 1);
+  assert.equal(gl.state.read, sceneFramebuffer);
+  assert.equal(gl.state.draw, sceneFramebuffer);
+  assert.equal(hidden.lastHiddenAt, 1000, 'answered on the spot');
+  assert.equal(hidden.pending, false);
+  assert.equal(shown.answered, true);
+  assert.equal(shown.lastHiddenAt, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
+  // Frames inside the interval answer from the read already made.
+  frame(probe, scene, 1000 + SYNC_READ_INTERVAL_MS - 1, [[hidden, behindWall]]);
+  assert.equal(gl.counts.readPixels, 1);
+  assert.equal(hidden.lastHiddenAt, 1000 + SYNC_READ_INTERVAL_MS - 1);
+  frame(probe, scene, 1000 + SYNC_READ_INTERVAL_MS, [[hidden, behindWall]]);
+  assert.equal(gl.counts.readPixels, 2);
+});
+
+test('the shader decodes depth the way the CPU decode does', () => {
+  // The fake context stands in for the shader, so pin the parts of the source
+  // the two must agree on: the unpack weights, both depth formulas, the
+  // nearest-range-first order and the comparison.
+  const source = PROBE_VERTEX_SHADER.replace(/\s+/g, ' ');
+  assert.match(
+    source,
+    /vec4\(1\.0, 1\.0 \/ 255\.0, 1\.0 \/ 65025\.0, 1\.0 \/ 16581375\.0\)/,
+  );
+  assert.match(source, /if \(depth <= 0\.0 \|\| depth >= 1\.0\) return -1\.0;/);
+  assert.match(
+    source,
+    /near \+ exp2\(depth \* log2\(far - near \+ 1\.0\)\) - 1\.0/,
+  );
+  assert.match(source, /near \* far \/ \(far - depth \* \(far - near\)\)/);
+  assert.match(
+    source,
+    /bool hidden = surface > 0\.0 && surface < a_contact\.z;/,
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    source.indexOf('u_depth0, u_near.x') < source.indexOf('u_depth1, u_near.y'),
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/traffic/controls.js b/src/layers/traffic/controls.js
index 403aaaa88..0e50ac9fb 100644
--- a/src/layers/traffic/controls.js
+++ b/src/layers/traffic/controls.js
@@ -299,6 +299,9 @@ export function createControls({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
           position: pos,
           id: `VEH-${String(layerState._dots[i].id).padStart(4, '0')}`,
           type: 'VEH',
+          // The dots are depth-tested, so the overlay hides a contact's
+          // bracket and callout wherever the scene hides its dot.
+          depthTested: true,
         };
         // Live mode: the detection bracket carries the congestion signal —
         // its canvas sits ABOVE the post-FX chain, so tier colors survive

From 076d2649823ddea45fc329625232e2f87e574daa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 23:03:20 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 151/181] Hide street vehicles behind low walls and trees seen
 from above

In a dense downtown view from about 400 m up, the occlusion margin of
max(3 m, 2% of the range) came to 14 to 20 m, so a wall, awning, tree or
lower facade standing 10 to 20 m in front of a street was read as the
road itself: the vehicle's dot was hidden by the scene, but its bracket and
callout were still drawn. Checked against scene.pickPosition in one such
view, 18 of 470 vehicles in frame fell in that band.

The margin now depends on how steeply the camera looks down on the
contact. A point on the line of sight s metres in front of a vehicle
stands s * sin(elevation) above it, so a surface there hides the vehicle
once that rise passes 2 m. The margin stays at least 3 m and at most 2%
of the range, so grazing and street-level views are unchanged. In the
same views no vehicle with the drawn surface within 3 m in front of it
(its own road) is newly hidden.

From the review of the first change:

- A contact back in view after longer than a retest interval is held back
  and retested like a new one, instead of being drawn from an answer
  given before it left the view. It gets a fresh record, so a test still
  in flight from before cannot end the hold-back either.
- The hold-back for a contact's first answer stretches with the retest
  pace when a crowded view slows it.
- A batch whose control point failed no longer counts as a first answer.
- An unknown log-depth flag reads as "no depth" rather than as standard
  depth, which would have put every surface in front of every contact.
- A shader that fails to build leaves no shader behind and is not built
  again on the same context.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                 |  19 ++-
 src/data/detectionOcclusion.js        |  84 ++++++++--
 src/data/detectionOcclusion.test.mjs  | 233 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/data/fixtures/fakeDepthScene.mjs  |  18 +-
 src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.js       |  37 +++-
 src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.test.mjs |  28 +++-
 6 files changed, 388 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 602abf037..7ad2b6e95 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -3609,8 +3609,13 @@ isCurrent })` gates BOTH halves of the map-stack switch, which is its only
 >   (2026-11-09):** a contact a layer marks `depthTested: true` (only Street
 >   Traffic does) is tested against the depth the scene drew, and is left out
 >   of the overlay while a building, 3D tile, terrain or any other drawn
->   surface stands in front of it by more than max(3 m, 2% of its range). That
->   includes vehicles the road data routes through tunnels. Every other layer
+>   surface stands in front of it by more than a margin: 3 m, or what a 2 m
+>   rise above the vehicle on its line of sight takes when the camera looks
+>   down on it, and above 3 m never more than 2% of its range (2% applies
+>   outright at grazing angles or when the camera looks up). A flat
+>   2% let walls, awnings and trees 10 to 20 m in front of a street 1 km away
+>   pass as the road. That includes vehicles the road data routes through
+>   tunnels. Every other layer
 >   is untouched: aircraft, vessels and satellites draw their markers over the
 >   scene on purpose and keep their labels over it. The test runs on the GPU
 >   (`src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.js`): one occlusion query per contact,
@@ -3619,9 +3624,13 @@ isCurrent })` gates BOTH halves of the map-stack switch, which is its only
 >   "hidden" answer arrives and returns 600 ms after its last one, which keeps
 >   a contact on a silhouette edge from blinking; a callout whose contact goes
 >   behind something is dropped at once rather than faded out on the facade.
->   A contact new to the view is held back until its first answer (at most
->   400 ms), so orbiting a city does not flash a bracket for each vehicle that
->   swings into frame behind a building. These times run on painted frames,
+>   A contact new to the view, or back in it after longer than a retest
+>   interval, is held back until its first answer (at most 400 ms, longer
+>   when a crowded view stretches the retest pace), so orbiting a city does
+>   not flash a bracket for each vehicle that swings into frame behind a
+>   building. A callout placed beside a visible vehicle can still overlap a
+>   facade; that is where the callout was placed, not the vehicle being
+>   behind it. These times run on painted frames,
 >   so a hidden tab or an idle scene does not expire them.
 >   Do not swap this for `scene.pickPosition` per contact or for a depth
 >   read-back: both wait on the GPU process (measured 0.2 to 1.4 ms per pick,
diff --git a/src/data/detectionOcclusion.js b/src/data/detectionOcclusion.js
index 22c8d2ac4..83c668725 100644
--- a/src/data/detectionOcclusion.js
+++ b/src/data/detectionOcclusion.js
@@ -27,22 +27,43 @@
 
 /** Never less than this: covers a dot drawn a little above or into its road. */
 export const SURFACE_OCCLUSION_MIN_MARGIN_M = 3;
-/** Grows with range so depth-buffer precision never reads as an occluder. */
+/** The most the margin grows with range: 2% of it. */
 export const SURFACE_OCCLUSION_MARGIN_FRACTION = 0.02;
+/**
+ * How far above a contact a drawn surface on its line of sight must stand to
+ * count as in front of it, when the camera looks down on the contact.
+ */
+export const SURFACE_OCCLUSION_RISE_M = 2;
 
 /**
  * How much nearer than the contact the drawn surface must be before it counts
  * as standing in front of it.
+ *
+ * The margin absorbs a contact placed a little above or below the drawn
+ * ground: a vehicle's position and the scene's road surface are not the same
+ * height to the metre. Looking down at the contact, a point on its line of
+ * sight `s` metres in front of it stands `s * sinElevation` metres above it,
+ * so a surface there only hides the contact once `s` passes
+ * `SURFACE_OCCLUSION_RISE_M / sinElevation`. That keeps the margin to a few
+ * metres from above, where a fixed share of the range would let a wall,
+ * awning or tree 10 to 20 m in front of a street at 1 km pass as "the road".
+ * At grazing angles, or looking up, the margin is 2% of the range at most
+ * (never under 3 m); depth precision is far finer than that at every range
+ * the overlay labels.
+ *
  * @param {number} contactDistance Camera-to-contact distance in metres.
+ * @param {number} [sinElevation] Sine of the camera's elevation seen from the
+ *   contact (1 straight overhead, 0 level, negative below); unknown when
+ *   omitted.
  * @returns {number} Margin in metres.
  */
-export function surfaceOcclusionMargin(contactDistance) {
+export function surfaceOcclusionMargin(contactDistance, sinElevation = 0) {
   const distance = Number(contactDistance);
   if (!(distance > 0)) return SURFACE_OCCLUSION_MIN_MARGIN_M;
-  return Math.max(
-    SURFACE_OCCLUSION_MIN_MARGIN_M,
-    distance * SURFACE_OCCLUSION_MARGIN_FRACTION,
-  );
+  let margin = distance * SURFACE_OCCLUSION_MARGIN_FRACTION;
+  const rise = Number(sinElevation);
+  if (rise > 0) margin = Math.min(margin, SURFACE_OCCLUSION_RISE_M / rise);
+  return Math.max(SURFACE_OCCLUSION_MIN_MARGIN_M, margin);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -50,13 +71,19 @@ export function surfaceOcclusionMargin(contactDistance) {
  * @param {number} contactDistance Camera-to-contact distance in metres.
  * @param {number|undefined} surfaceDistance Camera-to-drawn-surface distance
  *   along the contact's ray; undefined or non-finite when nothing was drawn.
+ * @param {number} [sinElevation] See `surfaceOcclusionMargin`.
  * @returns {boolean}
  */
-export function surfaceHidesContact(contactDistance, surfaceDistance) {
+export function surfaceHidesContact(
+  contactDistance,
+  surfaceDistance,
+  sinElevation = 0,
+) {
   if (!Number.isFinite(contactDistance) || !Number.isFinite(surfaceDistance))
     return false;
   return (
-    surfaceDistance < contactDistance - surfaceOcclusionMargin(contactDistance)
+    surfaceDistance <
+    contactDistance - surfaceOcclusionMargin(contactDistance, sinElevation)
   );
 }
 
@@ -109,6 +136,12 @@ export function depthToViewDistance(depth, near, far, logDepth) {
  * `viewDistance * (1 - margin / contactDistance)`. That number is `threshold`,
  * and comparing a decoded depth with it is all the GPU has to do.
  *
+ * The margin depends on how steeply the camera looks down on the contact
+ * (see `surfaceOcclusionMargin`). "Up" at the contact is taken as the
+ * direction from the world origin to it, which is the Earth's centre in the
+ * Earth-fixed frame the scene is drawn in; it differs from the true vertical
+ * by a fraction of a degree at most.
+ *
  * @param {ArrayLike<number>} view World-to-camera matrix, column-major, the
  *   camera looking down its own -Z axis.
  * @param {number} tanHalfFovX
@@ -131,11 +164,22 @@ export function projectContact(view, tanHalfFovX, tanHalfFovY, position, out) {
   const contactDistance = Math.sqrt(
     ex * ex + ey * ey + viewDistance * viewDistance,
   );
+  // Up at the contact, turned into camera axes, against the direction from
+  // the contact to the camera (-ex, -ey, viewDistance in camera axes).
+  const radius = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y + z * z);
+  let sinElevation = 0;
+  if (radius > 0) {
+    const ux = (view[0] * x + view[4] * y + view[8] * z) / radius;
+    const uy = (view[1] * x + view[5] * y + view[9] * z) / radius;
+    const uz = (view[2] * x + view[6] * y + view[10] * z) / radius;
+    sinElevation = (-ux * ex - uy * ey + uz * viewDistance) / contactDistance;
+  }
   out.u = u;
   out.v = v;
   out.threshold =
     viewDistance *
-    (1 - surfaceOcclusionMargin(contactDistance) / contactDistance);
+    (1 -
+      surfaceOcclusionMargin(contactDistance, sinElevation) / contactDistance);
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -303,6 +347,7 @@ export class SurfaceOcclusion {
     this.hiddenCount = 0;
     this.retestMs = SURFACE_RETEST_MS;
     this.reappearMs = SURFACE_REAPPEAR_MS;
+    this.firstAnswerMs = SURFACE_FIRST_ANSWER_MS;
     this._phase = 0;
   }
 
@@ -326,6 +371,9 @@ export class SurfaceOcclusion {
       (this.testedCount / budget) * frameMs * 2,
     );
     this.reappearMs = Math.max(SURFACE_REAPPEAR_MS, this.retestMs * 3);
+    // At a stretched pace a crowd of new contacts takes longer to get its
+    // first answers; the hold-back stretches with it.
+    this.firstAnswerMs = Math.max(SURFACE_FIRST_ANSWER_MS, this.retestMs * 2);
     this.now += frameMs;
     this.testedCount = 0;
     this.hiddenCount = 0;
@@ -347,11 +395,19 @@ export class SurfaceOcclusion {
       this.contacts.set(layerId, layer);
     }
     let contact = layer.get(sourceId);
-    if (!contact) {
+    if (!contact || now - contact.seenAt > this.retestMs) {
+      // New, or back in view after longer than a retest interval. A returning
+      // contact's last answer is older than any contact that stayed in view
+      // runs on, and the view has probably turned since: it is held back
+      // like a new one until a fresh answer comes, or orbiting flashes it
+      // behind the building it went behind while out of view. It gets a new
+      // record, so a test still in flight from before answers the old one
+      // and cannot end the hold-back with what the previous view showed. A
+      // "hidden" it already had keeps running.
       contact = {
-        lastHiddenAt: Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
-        hiddenUntil: Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
-        appliedHiddenAt: Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
+        lastHiddenAt: contact?.lastHiddenAt ?? Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
+        hiddenUntil: contact?.hiddenUntil ?? Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
+        appliedHiddenAt: contact?.appliedHiddenAt ?? Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
         queuedAt: Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
         pending: false,
         answered: false,
@@ -385,7 +441,7 @@ export class SurfaceOcclusion {
       // Not yet answered: held back while a working probe finds out.
       (!contact.answered &&
         this.probe.mode === 'async' &&
-        now - contact.firstSeenAt < SURFACE_FIRST_ANSWER_MS);
+        now - contact.firstSeenAt < this.firstAnswerMs);
     if (hidden) this.hiddenCount++;
     return hidden;
   }
diff --git a/src/data/detectionOcclusion.test.mjs b/src/data/detectionOcclusion.test.mjs
index fbd1fdd57..5aadc7c92 100644
--- a/src/data/detectionOcclusion.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/detectionOcclusion.test.mjs
@@ -30,6 +30,25 @@ test('the margin is 3 m near the camera and 2% of the range beyond 150 m', () =>
   assert.equal(surfaceOcclusionMargin(Number.NaN), 3);
 });
 
+test('looking down on a contact, the margin is what a 2 m rise on its line of sight takes', () => {
+  // 1 km away, seen from 30 degrees up: 2 m of rise is 4 m along the ray.
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(surfaceOcclusionMargin(1000, 0.5) - 4) < 1e-9);
+  // Straight down: the 3 m floor.
+  assert.equal(surfaceOcclusionMargin(1000, 1), SURFACE_OCCLUSION_MIN_MARGIN_M);
+  // Grazing, level or from below: never more than 2% of the range.
+  assert.equal(surfaceOcclusionMargin(1000, 0.01), 20);
+  assert.equal(surfaceOcclusionMargin(1000, 0), 20);
+  assert.equal(surfaceOcclusionMargin(1000, -0.3), 20);
+  assert.equal(surfaceOcclusionMargin(1000, Number.NaN), 20);
+  assert.equal(surfaceOcclusionMargin(100, 0.05), 3);
+  // A low wall 15 m in front of a street 1 km off, seen from 25 degrees up,
+  // stands about 6 m above the vehicle's line of sight: it hides it.
+  const sin25 = Math.sin((25 * Math.PI) / 180);
+  assert.equal(surfaceHidesContact(1000, 985, sin25), true);
+  assert.equal(surfaceHidesContact(1000, 985), false, 'unknown angle: 2%');
+  assert.equal(surfaceHidesContact(1000, 996, sin25), false, 'its own road');
+});
+
 test('a surface hides a contact only when nearer by more than the margin', () => {
   // 500 m away: margin 10 m.
   assert.equal(surfaceHidesContact(500, 489), true, 'a facade 11 m in front');
@@ -142,6 +161,134 @@ test('the threshold is the margin rule restated as a view distance', () => {
   assert.ok(Math.abs(out.threshold - 400 * 0.98) < 1e-9);
 });
 
+test('the threshold uses how steeply the camera looks down on the contact', () => {
+  // A street on a sphere the size of the Earth, under a camera 1 km up and
+  // 1 km back along the surface, looking straight at it: 45 degrees down.
+  const R = 6_371_000;
+  const street = { x: 0, y: 0, z: R };
+  const camera = { x: 0, y: -1000, z: R + 1000 };
+  // Camera axes: x along world x, looking along (0, 1, -1) / sqrt 2.
+  const s = Math.SQRT1_2;
+  const forward = [0, s, -s];
+  const up = [0, s, s];
+  const right = [1, 0, 0];
+  const t = (axis) =>
+    -(axis[0] * camera.x + axis[1] * camera.y + axis[2] * camera.z);
+  // Rows: right, up, -forward (the camera looks down its -Z).
+  const back = forward.map((c) => -c);
+  const view = [
+    right[0],
+    up[0],
+    back[0],
+    0,
+    right[1],
+    up[1],
+    back[1],
+    0,
+    right[2],
+    up[2],
+    back[2],
+    0,
+    t(right),
+    t(up),
+    t(back),
+    1,
+  ];
+  const out = { u: 0, v: 0, threshold: 0 };
+  assert.equal(projectContact(view, 1, 1, street, out), true);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(out.u - 0.5) < 1e-9 && Math.abs(out.v - 0.5) < 1e-9);
+  const range = Math.SQRT2 * 1000;
+  // 2 m of rise at 45 degrees is 2.83 m along the ray: the 3 m floor, not
+  // 2% of 1414 m (28 m).
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(out.threshold - (range - 3)) < 1e-6, `${out.threshold}`);
+});
+
+test('off the middle of the frame, with the camera turned, the threshold matches the world-space rule', () => {
+  // Rotations about the three axes, then a camera placed and turned freely;
+  // the threshold must equal the margin rule worked out in world space.
+  const rot = (ax, ay, az) => {
+    const [cx, sx, cy, sy, cz, sz] = [
+      Math.cos(ax),
+      Math.sin(ax),
+      Math.cos(ay),
+      Math.sin(ay),
+      Math.cos(az),
+      Math.sin(az),
+    ];
+    // Rows of Rz * Ry * Rx.
+    return [
+      [cz * cy, cz * sy * sx - sz * cx, cz * sy * cx + sz * sx],
+      [sz * cy, sz * sy * sx + cz * cx, sz * sy * cx - cz * sx],
+      [-sy, cy * sx, cy * cx],
+    ];
+  };
+  const R = 6_371_000;
+  let checked = 0;
+  for (let k = 0; k < 200; k++) {
+    // A deterministic spread of poses.
+    const a = (n) => Math.sin(k * 12.9898 + n * 78.233) * 3;
+    const m = rot(a(1), a(2), a(3)); // world-to-camera rotation
+    const lat = a(4) / 3;
+    const lon = a(5);
+    const contact = {
+      x: R * Math.cos(lat) * Math.cos(lon),
+      y: R * Math.cos(lat) * Math.sin(lon),
+      z: R * Math.sin(lat),
+    };
+    // Camera 300 to 2300 m from the contact, in a direction above or below it.
+    const d = [a(6), a(7), a(8)];
+    const dl = Math.hypot(...d) || 1;
+    const dist = 1300 + 1000 * Math.sin(k);
+    const cam = {
+      x: contact.x + (d[0] / dl) * dist,
+      y: contact.y + (d[1] / dl) * dist,
+      z: contact.z + (d[2] / dl) * dist,
+    };
+    const t = m.map(
+      (row) => -(row[0] * cam.x + row[1] * cam.y + row[2] * cam.z),
+    );
+    const view = [
+      m[0][0],
+      m[1][0],
+      m[2][0],
+      0,
+      m[0][1],
+      m[1][1],
+      m[2][1],
+      0,
+      m[0][2],
+      m[1][2],
+      m[2][2],
+      0,
+      t[0],
+      t[1],
+      t[2],
+      1,
+    ];
+    const out = { u: 0, v: 0, threshold: 0 };
+    if (!projectContact(view, 2, 2, contact, out)) continue;
+    checked++;
+    const toCam = [cam.x - contact.x, cam.y - contact.y, cam.z - contact.z];
+    const range = Math.hypot(...toCam);
+    const sinElevation =
+      (toCam[0] * contact.x + toCam[1] * contact.y + toCam[2] * contact.z) /
+      (range * R);
+    const viewDistance = -(
+      m[2][0] * contact.x +
+      m[2][1] * contact.y +
+      m[2][2] * contact.z +
+      t[2]
+    );
+    const expected =
+      viewDistance * (1 - surfaceOcclusionMargin(range, sinElevation) / range);
+    assert.ok(
+      Math.abs(out.threshold - expected) < 1e-6,
+      `pose ${k}: ${out.threshold} vs ${expected}`,
+    );
+  }
+  assert.ok(checked > 20, `${checked} poses in frame`);
+});
+
 test('behind the camera or outside the frame there is nothing to test', () => {
   const out = { u: 7, v: 7, threshold: 7 };
   assert.equal(
@@ -616,3 +763,89 @@ test('prune forgets contacts that are no longer drawn; clear forgets everything'
   assert.equal(occlusion.contacts.size, 0);
   assert.equal(occlusion.testedCount, 0);
 });
+
+test('a contact back in view after a while waits for a fresh answer, like a new one', () => {
+  const probe = manualProbe();
+  probe.mode = 'async';
+  const occlusion = new SurfaceOcclusion(probe);
+  let wall = 0;
+  const step = () => occlusion.beginFrame((wall += 16));
+  step();
+  occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere);
+  probe.answer(false, occlusion.now);
+  step();
+  assert.equal(occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere), false);
+  // Out of view for a moment shorter than a retest: drawn straight away.
+  for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) step();
+  assert.equal(occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere), false);
+  // Out of view for longer (the camera swung away and back): the old
+  // "visible" may now be behind a building. Held back, and tested at once.
+  const started = probe.started;
+  for (let i = 0; i < 30; i++) step();
+  assert.equal(occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere), true);
+  assert.equal(probe.started, started + 1);
+  probe.answer(true, occlusion.now);
+  step();
+  assert.equal(occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'a', anywhere), true);
+
+  // It leaves with a test in flight, and comes back. That test's answer was
+  // about the previous view: when it lands, it must not end the hold-back.
+  const other = new SurfaceOcclusion(probe);
+  probe.answer(false, 0);
+  other.beginFrame((wall += 16));
+  other.isHidden('traffic', 'b', anywhere);
+  assert.equal(probe.inFlight.length, 1, 'tested, unanswered');
+  for (let i = 0; i < 30; i++) other.beginFrame((wall += 16));
+  const before = probe.started;
+  assert.equal(other.isHidden('traffic', 'b', anywhere), true);
+  assert.equal(probe.started, before + 1, 'tested afresh at once');
+  const [stale] = probe.inFlight.splice(0, 1);
+  stale.pending = false;
+  stale.answered = true;
+  other.beginFrame((wall += 16));
+  assert.equal(
+    other.isHidden('traffic', 'b', anywhere),
+    true,
+    'the old answer did not end the hold-back',
+  );
+  probe.answer(false, other.now);
+  other.beginFrame((wall += 16));
+  assert.equal(other.isHidden('traffic', 'b', anywhere), false);
+});
+
+test('at a stretched retest pace, new contacts are held back longer for their first answer', () => {
+  const probe = manualProbe();
+  probe.mode = 'async';
+  probe.maxPerFrame = 100;
+  const occlusion = new SurfaceOcclusion(probe);
+  occlusion.beginFrame(0);
+  for (let id = 0; id < 2000; id++) occlusion.isHidden('traffic', id, anywhere);
+  occlusion.beginFrame(33);
+  // 2000 contacts at 100 a frame and 33 ms frames: a retest every 1.3 s.
+  assert.ok(occlusion.retestMs > 1000, `${occlusion.retestMs}`);
+  assert.equal(occlusion.firstAnswerMs, occlusion.retestMs * 2);
+  assert.ok(occlusion.firstAnswerMs > SURFACE_FIRST_ANSWER_MS);
+  // A contact the probe has not reached yet is still held back past the
+  // usual limit, and drawn once the stretched one has run out.
+  probe.accepting = false;
+  let wall = 33;
+  const ages = [];
+  const firstSeen = occlusion.now;
+  occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'late', anywhere);
+  while (occlusion.now - firstSeen < occlusion.firstAnswerMs + 100) {
+    occlusion.beginFrame((wall += 33));
+    for (let id = 0; id < 2000; id++)
+      occlusion.isHidden('traffic', id, anywhere);
+    ages.push([
+      occlusion.now - firstSeen,
+      occlusion.isHidden('traffic', 'late', anywhere),
+    ]);
+  }
+  const limit = occlusion.firstAnswerMs;
+  assert.ok(
+    ages.some(([age, hidden]) => age > SURFACE_FIRST_ANSWER_MS + 50 && hidden),
+    'held past 400 ms',
+  );
+  for (const [age, hidden] of ages)
+    if (age >= limit) assert.equal(hidden, false, `at ${age} ms`);
+});
diff --git a/src/data/fixtures/fakeDepthScene.mjs b/src/data/fixtures/fakeDepthScene.mjs
index 47e969717..fd337dcae 100644
--- a/src/data/fixtures/fakeDepthScene.mjs
+++ b/src/data/fixtures/fakeDepthScene.mjs
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ export function createFakeGl({ webgl2 = true } = {}) {
     lost: false,
     /** Whether a point that should draw does (false: a broken draw path). */
     drawsLand: true,
+    /** Whether shaders compile: a boolean, or a function of the shader type. */
     compiles: true,
   };
   const counts = {
@@ -111,12 +112,14 @@ export function createFakeGl({ webgl2 = true } = {}) {
     deleted: 0,
   };
   const liveQueries = new Set();
+  const liveShaders = new Set();
   let activeQuery = null;
   const gl = {
     ...GL,
     state,
     counts,
     liveQueries,
+    liveShaders,
     isContextLost: () => state.lost,
     getParameter(name) {
       if (name === GL.READ_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING) return state.read;
@@ -186,11 +189,20 @@ export function createFakeGl({ webgl2 = true } = {}) {
         state.draw.image = texture.image;
       },
       checkFramebufferStatus: () => GL.FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE,
-      createShader: () => ({}),
+      createShader(type) {
+        const shader = { type };
+        liveShaders.add(shader);
+        return shader;
+      },
       shaderSource() {},
       compileShader() {},
-      getShaderParameter: () => state.compiles,
-      deleteShader() {},
+      getShaderParameter: (shader) =>
+        typeof state.compiles === 'function'
+          ? state.compiles(shader.type)
+          : state.compiles,
+      deleteShader(shader) {
+        liveShaders.delete(shader);
+      },
       createProgram: () => ({ uniforms: {} }),
       attachShader() {},
       linkProgram() {},
diff --git a/src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.js b/src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.js
index 070d5fe9f..772bc638e 100644
--- a/src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.js
+++ b/src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.js
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ export const SYNC_READ_INTERVAL_MS = 125;
  *   plane pulled in by `scene.opaqueFrustumNearOffset` (public), exactly as
  *   `scene.pickPosition` assumes when it decodes the same textures.
  * - `scene.frameState.useLogDepth`: whether depth is logarithmic (see
- *   `depthToViewDistance`).
+ *   `depthToViewDistance`). Anything but a boolean there is "no depth".
  *
  * Any of these missing or shaped differently returns null, which callers treat
  * as "no depth".
@@ -145,6 +145,10 @@ export function readSceneDepthSource(scene, viewScratch) {
       frustums.push({ near, far });
     }
     if (!(width > 0) || !(height > 0)) return null;
+    // Read as standard depth, logarithmic depth puts every surface a few
+    // metres from the camera and would hide every contact: unknown is "no".
+    const logDepth = scene.frameState?.useLogDepth;
+    if (typeof logDepth !== 'boolean') return null;
 
     const tanHalfFovY = Math.tan(fovy / 2);
     return {
@@ -155,7 +159,7 @@ export function readSceneDepthSource(scene, viewScratch) {
       framebuffers,
       textures,
       frustums,
-      logDepth: scene.frameState?.useLogDepth === true,
+      logDepth,
       view: Cesium.Matrix4.toArray(
         camera.viewMatrix,
         viewScratch || new Float64Array(16),
@@ -262,6 +266,8 @@ export class SceneOcclusionProbe {
     this._now = 0;
     this._source = undefined;
     this._gl = null;
+    /** A context the probe's shader failed to build on; never retried. */
+    this._unsupportedGl = null;
     this._resources = null;
     this._queryPool = [];
     this._batches = [];
@@ -409,6 +415,7 @@ export class SceneOcclusionProbe {
     this._queryPool.length = 0;
     this._resources = null;
     this._gl = null;
+    this._unsupportedGl = null;
   }
 
   /** Tests that will never be answered stop counting as in flight. */
@@ -448,6 +455,11 @@ export class SceneOcclusionProbe {
         this._resources = null;
         return;
       }
+      if (source.gl === this._unsupportedGl) {
+        // The shader did not build on this context: nothing is tested here.
+        this.mode = 'off';
+        return;
+      }
       if (source.webgl2 && canQuery(source.gl)) {
         if (!this._resources && !this._createResources(source.gl)) {
           this._fail();
@@ -476,7 +488,13 @@ export class SceneOcclusionProbe {
   _createResources(gl) {
     const vertex = compile(gl, gl.VERTEX_SHADER, PROBE_VERTEX_SHADER);
     const fragment = compile(gl, gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER, FRAGMENT_SHADER);
-    if (!vertex || !fragment) return false;
+    if (!vertex || !fragment) {
+      if (vertex) gl.deleteShader(vertex);
+      if (fragment) gl.deleteShader(fragment);
+      // The same source will not compile on this context next time either.
+      this._unsupportedGl = gl;
+      return false;
+    }
     const program = gl.createProgram();
     gl.attachShader(program, vertex);
     gl.attachShader(program, fragment);
@@ -485,6 +503,7 @@ export class SceneOcclusionProbe {
     gl.deleteShader(fragment);
     if (!gl.getProgramParameter(program, gl.LINK_STATUS)) {
       gl.deleteProgram(program);
+      this._unsupportedGl = gl;
       return false;
     }
     const uniform = (name) => gl.getUniformLocation(program, name);
@@ -691,10 +710,14 @@ export class SceneOcclusionProbe {
           } else {
             const contact = contacts[batch.cursor - 1];
             contact.pending = false;
-            contact.answered = true;
-            // Without the control point's yes, a no means nothing.
-            if (!drew && batch.control && batch.at > contact.lastHiddenAt)
-              contact.lastHiddenAt = batch.at;
+            // Without the control point's yes the batch means nothing: not a
+            // "hidden", and not a first answer that ends a new contact's
+            // hold-back either.
+            if (batch.control) {
+              contact.answered = true;
+              if (!drew && batch.at > contact.lastHiddenAt)
+                contact.lastHiddenAt = batch.at;
+            }
           }
           this._queryPool.push(query);
           batch.cursor++;
diff --git a/src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.test.mjs b/src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.test.mjs
index d4ba75e1e..713546295 100644
--- a/src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/sceneOcclusionProbe.test.mjs
@@ -266,6 +266,11 @@ test('no depth source: nothing is tested and nothing is in flight', () => {
       scene.view.pickDepths[0].framebuffer = undefined; // not drawn yet
       return scene;
     })(),
+    // Whether depth is logarithmic, unknown: decoding it the wrong way would
+    // put every surface in front of every contact.
+    { ...wallScene(), frameState: {} },
+    { ...wallScene(), frameState: { useLogDepth: 1 } },
+    { ...wallScene(), frameState: undefined },
     (() => {
       const scene = wallScene();
       Object.defineProperty(scene, 'view', {
@@ -329,6 +334,7 @@ test('a control point that does not draw voids its batch; a run of them stands t
     frame(probe, scene, now);
     assert.equal(entry.pending, false);
     assert.equal(entry.lastHiddenAt, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, 'not believed');
+    assert.notEqual(entry.answered, true, 'and not a first answer either');
     now += 16;
   }
   assert.equal(probe.mode, 'off');
@@ -351,6 +357,7 @@ test('a control point that does not draw voids its batch; a run of them stands t
   gl.finishGpu();
   frame(probe, scene, retryAt + 16);
   assert.equal(entry.lastHiddenAt, retryAt);
+  assert.equal(entry.answered, true);
 
   // One good batch in between resets the count.
   const healthy = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
@@ -366,16 +373,33 @@ test('a control point that does not draw voids its batch; a run of them stands t
 
 test('a shader that does not compile, or a WebGL call that throws, stands the probe down cleanly', () => {
   let scene = wallScene();
-  scene.context._gl.state.compiles = false;
+  // Only the fragment shader fails: the vertex shader that did compile must
+  // not be left behind.
+  scene.context._gl.state.compiles = (type) =>
+    type !== scene.context._gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER;
   let probe = new SceneOcclusionProbe();
   let entry = contact();
   assert.deepEqual(frame(probe, scene, 0, [[entry, behindWall]]), [false]);
   assert.equal(probe.mode, 'off');
   assert.equal(entry.pending, false);
+  // Nothing half-made is kept, and the same context is never asked again:
+  // compiling is a wait on the GPU process and would fail the same way.
+  let gl = scene.context._gl;
+  assert.equal(gl.liveShaders.size, 0, 'no shader left behind');
+  let shaderCalls = 0;
+  const createShader = gl.createShader;
+  gl.createShader = (...args) => {
+    shaderCalls++;
+    return createShader(...args);
+  };
+  for (const now of [PROBE_RETRY_AFTER_MS + 16, 5 * PROBE_RETRY_AFTER_MS])
+    assert.deepEqual(frame(probe, scene, now, [[entry, behindWall]]), [false]);
+  assert.equal(shaderCalls, 0);
+  assert.equal(probe.mode, 'off');
 
   // A draw that throws part-way: bindings restored, no query left behind.
   scene = wallScene();
-  let gl = scene.context._gl;
+  gl = scene.context._gl;
   const found = {
     draw: { image: null },
     program: { uniforms: {} },

From 85f42f6cd824a2315c669737cd075a3a949c970e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 15:28:44 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 152/181] Changelog fragment for #1659

---
 changelog.d/1659-street-vehicle-occlusion.md | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1659-street-vehicle-occlusion.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1659-street-vehicle-occlusion.md b/changelog.d/1659-street-vehicle-occlusion.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..438b64556
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1659-street-vehicle-occlusion.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+- Hide street-vehicle brackets and callouts behind buildings and terrain. A
+  Street Traffic contact behind a building, a 3D tile, a hill or a tunnel roof
+  now loses its bracket and "VEH-nnnn" callout along with its dot, instead of
+  having them painted over the facade; aircraft, vessels and satellites keep
+  their labels over the scene as before (Sameh Khamis, @samehkhamis, #1659).

From 9234c1b3d2d95b814059d814c36be54bf3acb1a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 15:44:17 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 153/181] fix(voice): drop viewport decision codes the caller
 can never log, name the crop decision eligible (#835)

The decision no longer reports not-entity-context or channel-closed, which
its only caller rules out first, nor pointer-scale-not-useful, which the
crop path already checks and logs. A closed channel returns before any
record, as on main. The crop decision is pointer-crop-eligible, since the
crop checks after it decide whether the pointer is on ground, and a sender
called on a closed channel logs channel-lost.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                     |  2 +-
 src/voice/realtimeViewport.js             | 35 ++++++++++++-----------
 src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs | 26 ++++++-----------
 3 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 5c6e847fe..291d365d2 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -6147,7 +6147,7 @@ and unreachable upstream (502/504) separately from road geometry.
 - **Reliability**: tool-call dedupe (2.5s window across call/item/args keys); response-create queueing that respects active responses and defers follow-ups when the user starts speaking; per-tool follow-up instructions so the agent confirms only what actually happened (zoom confirms only on `ok=true`).
 - **Aircraft identity honesty:** “What is this aircraft?” reads callsign, operator, registration, type, and route only from the selected contact context. Missing operator, route, or type enrichment is named explicitly rather than silently omitted or inferred from the callsign.
 - **Diagnostics**: every client/server event is posted to `/api/realtime/debug-log` and appended to `.gev-logs/realtime-conversations.jsonl` (gitignored) with secret/image redaction; last 30 errors persist in `localStorage` (`gev-realtime-errors`); `window.__gevVoiceCommands.getDiagnostics()` in the console.
-  - **Visual-context escalation** (OpenAI Realtime): when a response's last tool result is a `get_entity_context` answer, a tool output from that response was sent and the data channel is open, it logs one `viewport_context.decision` with `contextId`, `send` and `reason`, plus `viewScale` (absent only for `channel-closed`) and, when `send` is true, `kind` (`viewport` or `crop`). Decision reasons: `structured-identity-sufficient` (structured context made an image unnecessary), `view-scale-not-local`, `structured-identity-missing` (requests a viewport), `pointer-ground-crop` (a pointer answer with no identity at `local` or `city` scale; requests a crop, and the snapshot checks below confirm the target is ground), `pointer-identity-present`, `pointer-missing`, `pointer-scale-not-useful` and `channel-closed`. A send decision is followed by exactly one outcome with the same `contextId` and `kind`: `viewport_context.result` (`sent`, `data-channel-send-failed`), logged as soon as the send returns, or `viewport_context.skipped`. Pointer-crop skips are `pointer-not-fresh` (no snapshot, or a stale one), `pointer-not-ground`, `pointer-off-screen`, `pointer-already-requested` (the most recently requested snapshot again: already sent, still being captured, or an earlier attempt for it threw), `pointer-expired`, `pointer-pose-unknown` and `pose-changed`; dropped captures are `capture-unavailable`, `session-reset`, `superseded` (a newer request or turn), `channel-lost` and `frame-stale`; a step that throws before an outcome closes the pair with `error`, and the caller then logs `viewport_context.failed`. The `channel-closed` decision and the `channel-closed` and `pointer-scale-not-useful` skip outcomes are defensive and not expected from the current caller; direct calls to the crop or image senders log those skips with a null `contextId`. Decision and outcome are separate records, so the debug-log rate limit can drop one half of a pair. Payloads are static codes only, never image data, tool payloads or user text, and other tool results log nothing here. Gemini Live uses a different gate in `geminiSession.js` (no pointer crop, a 1 s throttle), which is not instrumented.
+  - **Visual-context escalation** (OpenAI Realtime): when a response's last tool result is a `get_entity_context` answer, a tool output from that response was sent and the data channel is open, it logs one `viewport_context.decision` with `contextId`, `send` and `reason`, plus `viewScale` and, when `send` is true, `kind` (`viewport` or `crop`). Decision reasons: `structured-identity-sufficient` (structured context made an image unnecessary), `view-scale-not-local`, `structured-identity-missing` (requests a viewport), `pointer-crop-eligible` (a pointer answer with no identity; requests a crop, and the crop checks below decide whether one is sent), `pointer-identity-present` and `pointer-missing`. A send decision is followed by exactly one outcome with the same `contextId` and `kind`: `viewport_context.result` (`sent`, `data-channel-send-failed`), logged as soon as the send returns, or `viewport_context.skipped`. Pointer-crop skips are `pointer-not-fresh` (no snapshot, or a stale one), `pointer-not-ground`, `pointer-off-screen`, `pointer-scale-not-useful` (zoomed out past `local` or `city`), `pointer-already-requested` (the most recently requested snapshot again: already sent, still being captured, or an earlier attempt for it threw), `pointer-expired`, `pointer-pose-unknown` and `pose-changed`; dropped captures are `capture-unavailable`, `session-reset`, `superseded` (a newer request or turn), `channel-lost` and `frame-stale`; a step that throws before an outcome closes the pair with `error`, and the caller then logs `viewport_context.failed`. Direct calls to the crop or image senders log their skips with a null `contextId`. Decision and outcome are separate records, so the debug-log rate limit can drop one half of a pair. Payloads are static codes only, never image data, tool payloads or user text, and other tool results log nothing here. Gemini Live uses a different gate in `geminiSession.js` (no pointer crop, a 1 s throttle), which is not instrumented.
 - **Counting semantics ("near")** — a CONTRACT; new count-bearing tool work inherits it. Three honest numbers exist for one question: the Contacts cohort (250 km around the subject, what the panel shows), `analyst_query`'s count of _currently-loaded_ records for the requested scope, and the layer-wide loaded total in `coverage.layersQueried[].total`. They diverge legitimately — the flights layer loads by viewport, so after a camera dive the loaded set can hold a fraction of the cohort (field case: panel 42, analyst 8). The contract:
   1. **Contacts ACTIVE** → "near / nearby / how many aircraft" means the **Contacts window** — the panel's numbers, spoken verbatim. Mechanism: `contactsWindow` (`{centeredOn, radiusKm, flights, military, vessels, complete}`), carried by both `analyst_query` and `get_current_view_state`, derived by `contactsWindowFromSnapshot()` from the same snapshot the panel renders so the two cannot drift. Voice filtering and follow-up memory use that immutable snapshot too. A cohort whose feed cannot answer reports `'unknown'`, never a confident zero; a cohort at the 20,000-row retention bound reports a lower bound.
   2. **Contacts OFF** → "nearby" means **in view**; "near \<place\>" means a radius around that place. A radius query with Contacts active and no explicit centre is centred on the **active contact**, not the camera.
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js b/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js
index dc845da31..edfe9ab11 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeViewport.js
@@ -73,26 +73,23 @@ const POINTER_CROP_MAX_AGE_MS = 20000;
 const POINTER_CROP_SCALES = new Set(['local', 'city']);
 
 /**
- * Reason-coded explanation of the existing visual escalation policy.
+ * Reason-coded explanation of the existing visual escalation policy, for an
+ * entity-context answer on an open channel (the caller checks both).
  * Pointer crops remain a separate path from full-frame screenshots.
  * These reasons are static diagnostics, never model-generated claims.
  */
-export function viewportContextDecision(result, { channelOpen = true } = {}) {
-  if (result?.action !== 'get_entity_context')
-    return { send: false, reason: 'not-entity-context' };
-  if (!channelOpen) return { send: false, reason: 'channel-closed' };
-  const viewScale = result.scene?.basemap?.viewScale ?? null;
-  if (result.scope === 'pointer') {
+export function viewportContextDecision(result) {
+  const viewScale = result?.scene?.basemap?.viewScale ?? null;
+  if (result?.scope === 'pointer') {
     if (result.selected)
       return { send: false, reason: 'pointer-identity-present', viewScale };
     if (!result.pointer)
       return { send: false, reason: 'pointer-missing', viewScale };
-    if (!POINTER_CROP_SCALES.has(viewScale))
-      return { send: false, reason: 'pointer-scale-not-useful', viewScale };
+    // The crop path checks ground, freshness and scale itself, and logs why.
     return {
       send: true,
       kind: 'crop',
-      reason: 'pointer-ground-crop',
+      reason: 'pointer-crop-eligible',
       viewScale,
     };
   }
@@ -390,13 +387,17 @@ export class RealtimeViewport {
    * requests pair up.
    */
   async sendVisualContextIfUseful(result) {
-    // Runs after every tool output. Only entity context can escalate, so
-    // other tools log nothing and leave the shared debug-log budget alone.
-    if (result?.action !== 'get_entity_context') return false;
+    // Runs after every tool output. Only entity context on an open channel
+    // can escalate, so anything else logs nothing and leaves the shared
+    // debug-log budget alone.
+    if (
+      result?.action !== 'get_entity_context' ||
+      !this.dc ||
+      this.dc.readyState !== 'open'
+    )
+      return false;
     const contextId = ++this.contextSeq;
-    const decision = viewportContextDecision(result, {
-      channelOpen: this.dc?.readyState === 'open',
-    });
+    const decision = viewportContextDecision(result);
     this.debugLog?.('viewport_context.decision', { contextId, ...decision });
     if (!decision.send) return false;
     const diag = diagnosticsRecord(contextId);
@@ -481,7 +482,7 @@ export class RealtimeViewport {
     const report = (event, reason) =>
       reportOutcome(this, diag, event, kind, reason);
     if (!this.dc || this.dc.readyState !== 'open') {
-      report('viewport_context.skipped', 'channel-closed');
+      report('viewport_context.skipped', 'channel-lost');
       return false;
     }
     const generation = this.generation;
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs b/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
index 2a90b3795..94f8c9379 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeViewportPolicy.test.mjs
@@ -13,17 +13,6 @@ const localContext = (overrides = {}) => ({
 });
 
 test('viewport context reasons preserve the existing escalation gate', () => {
-  assert.deepEqual(
-    viewportContextDecision({ action: 'get_current_view_state' }),
-    {
-      send: false,
-      reason: 'not-entity-context',
-    },
-  );
-  assert.deepEqual(
-    viewportContextDecision(localContext(), { channelOpen: false }),
-    { send: false, reason: 'channel-closed' },
-  );
   assert.deepEqual(
     viewportContextDecision({
       action: 'get_entity_context',
@@ -87,7 +76,7 @@ test('pointer ground selects the #837 crop path, not a full viewport', () => {
   assert.deepEqual(viewportContextDecision(pointerContext), {
     send: true,
     kind: 'crop',
-    reason: 'pointer-ground-crop',
+    reason: 'pointer-crop-eligible',
     viewScale: 'city',
   });
   assert.deepEqual(
@@ -96,8 +85,9 @@ test('pointer ground selects the #837 crop path, not a full viewport', () => {
       scene: { basemap: { viewScale: 'global' } },
     }),
     {
-      send: false,
-      reason: 'pointer-scale-not-useful',
+      send: true,
+      kind: 'crop',
+      reason: 'pointer-crop-eligible',
       viewScale: 'global',
     },
   );
@@ -173,7 +163,7 @@ test('runtime dispatch preserves pointer crop and full image separation', async
     calls.some(
       (call) =>
         call.event === 'viewport_context.decision' &&
-        call.detail.reason === 'pointer-ground-crop',
+        call.detail.reason === 'pointer-crop-eligible',
     ),
   );
 });
@@ -333,7 +323,7 @@ test('a crop decision that cannot send logs why, under the same id', async () =>
     assert.equal(events.length, 2, reason);
     const [decision, outcome] = events;
     assert.equal(decision.event, 'viewport_context.decision');
-    assert.equal(decision.detail.reason, 'pointer-ground-crop');
+    assert.equal(decision.detail.reason, 'pointer-crop-eligible');
     assert.deepEqual(outcome, {
       event: 'viewport_context.skipped',
       detail: { contextId: decision.detail.contextId, kind: 'crop', reason },
@@ -573,8 +563,8 @@ test('direct calls log their defensive skips without a decision id', async () =>
     [...open.events, ...closed.events].map((item) => item.detail),
     [
       { contextId: null, kind: 'crop', reason: 'pointer-scale-not-useful' },
-      { contextId: null, kind: 'crop', reason: 'channel-closed' },
-      { contextId: null, kind: 'viewport', reason: 'channel-closed' },
+      { contextId: null, kind: 'crop', reason: 'channel-lost' },
+      { contextId: null, kind: 'viewport', reason: 'channel-lost' },
     ],
   );
 });

From 09d02b6e7af9d40f67d3720569b25d43e9b5a8f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said Turksever <asturksever@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 00:52:49 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 154/181] Keyless voice: say where to add the OpenAI key
 instead of blaming the microphone

---
 server/providers/openai/realtime.js  |  7 ++++++-
 src/ui/views/panels/VoiceControl.vue |  2 +-
 src/voice/control.js                 |  2 +-
 src/voice/realtimeBackend.js         |  5 +++--
 src/voice/realtimeBackend.test.mjs   | 14 ++++++++++++++
 src/voice/realtimeController.js      |  5 ++++-
 src/voice/realtimeDiagnostics.js     | 11 +++++++++++
 7 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/server/providers/openai/realtime.js b/server/providers/openai/realtime.js
index 4412eb331..f88171e4a 100644
--- a/server/providers/openai/realtime.js
+++ b/server/providers/openai/realtime.js
@@ -238,7 +238,12 @@ function createRealtimeTokenHandler({
       if (!bearer) {
         res.statusCode = 503;
         res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
-        res.end(JSON.stringify({ error: 'OPENAI_API_KEY is not set' }));
+        res.end(
+          JSON.stringify({
+            error: 'OPENAI_API_KEY is not set',
+            code: 'API_KEY_MISSING',
+          }),
+        );
         return;
       }
     }
diff --git a/src/ui/views/panels/VoiceControl.vue b/src/ui/views/panels/VoiceControl.vue
index 8c1144e52..172077425 100644
--- a/src/ui/views/panels/VoiceControl.vue
+++ b/src/ui/views/panels/VoiceControl.vue
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ const frameStyle = (panel) => ({
           <button class="gev-voice-error-dismiss" type="button" @click="controls?.dismissError()">{{ t('DISMISS') }}</button>
         </div>
         <div id="gev-voice-error-detail">{{ view.error.text }}</div>
-        <div class="gev-voice-error-hint" :hidden="view.error.typed">{{ t('Check microphone permission and network access, then try again.') }}</div>
+        <div class="gev-voice-error-hint" :hidden="view.error.typed || view.error.hint === false">{{ t('Check microphone permission and network access, then try again.') }}</div>
       </div>
   </div>
 </template>
diff --git a/src/voice/control.js b/src/voice/control.js
index 61da65bfc..58cf08f2f 100644
--- a/src/voice/control.js
+++ b/src/voice/control.js
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ function initialState(panel) {
         t('Hold Space to speak · tap Space to activate focused controls'),
     },
     // A typed chat error reads as chat's, without the microphone hint.
-    error: { text: '', typed: false },
+    error: { text: '', typed: false, hint: true },
     // Connection and turn state beside the selected mode's indicator.
     phase: { text: '' },
     voicePanel: {
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeBackend.js b/src/voice/realtimeBackend.js
index ca38432ee..a9c10f2af 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeBackend.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeBackend.js
@@ -39,8 +39,9 @@ export function createRealtimeBackend({
       if (!response.ok) {
         const reason =
           typeof data?.error === 'string' ? data.error : data?.error?.message;
-        throw new Error(
-          reason || `Realtime token failed: HTTP ${response.status}`,
+        throw Object.assign(
+          new Error(reason || `Realtime token failed: HTTP ${response.status}`),
+          typeof data?.code === 'string' ? { code: data.code } : {},
         );
       }
       const token =
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeBackend.test.mjs b/src/voice/realtimeBackend.test.mjs
index ac96e2374..b60bf8406 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeBackend.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeBackend.test.mjs
@@ -143,3 +143,17 @@ test('controller lifetime stops pending transport and releases resources through
   assert.equal(controller.stream, null);
   assert.equal(controller.isActive(), false);
 });
+
+test('a missing server key keeps its code, so the UI can point to Provider Settings', async () => {
+  const backend = createRealtimeBackend({
+    tokenTransport: async () =>
+      Response.json(
+        { error: 'OPENAI_API_KEY is not set', code: 'API_KEY_MISSING' },
+        { status: 503 },
+      ),
+  });
+  await assert.rejects(backend.requestToken(), {
+    message: 'OPENAI_API_KEY is not set',
+    code: 'API_KEY_MISSING',
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeController.js b/src/voice/realtimeController.js
index e5f2efd60..a7dd07021 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeController.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeController.js
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import {
 } from './pointerContext.js';
 
 import { shouldPauseRadioForVoice } from './realtimeProtocol.js';
-import { postDebugLog } from './realtimeDiagnostics.js';
+import { missingVoiceKeyText, postDebugLog } from './realtimeDiagnostics.js';
 
 export {
   readStoredVoiceTier,
@@ -437,6 +437,9 @@ export class GevRealtimeController extends RealtimeFacade {
         status === 'error'
           ? resolvedDetail() || t('Voice session could not be started.')
           : '',
+      // "Check microphone permission" is wrong advice for a missing key.
+      hint: () =>
+        !(status === 'error' && resolvedDetail() === missingVoiceKeyText()),
     });
     if (status === 'idle' || status === 'connecting' || status === 'error') {
       this.setVoiceSpeaker('idle');
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeDiagnostics.js b/src/voice/realtimeDiagnostics.js
index 55e078280..dcdacf08e 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeDiagnostics.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeDiagnostics.js
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+import { t } from '../i18n/index.js';
+
+/** The voice error when the server has no OpenAI key: where to add it. */
+export const missingVoiceKeyText = () =>
+  t('Needs {envVars} — add it in Provider Settings', {
+    envVars: 'OPENAI_API_KEY',
+  });
+
 const ERROR_LOG_LIMIT = 30;
 
 const ERROR_STORAGE_KEY = 'gev-realtime-errors';
@@ -83,6 +91,7 @@ function createErrorRecord(source, error, extra = {}) {
       String(error?.message || '').trim() ||
       'No browser error message supplied',
     errorDetail: rtcError?.errorDetail || null,
+    code: typeof rtcError?.code === 'string' ? rtcError.code : null,
     sctpCauseCode: rtcError?.sctpCauseCode ?? null,
     receivedAlert: rtcError?.receivedAlert ?? null,
     sentAlert: rtcError?.sentAlert ?? null,
@@ -91,6 +100,8 @@ function createErrorRecord(source, error, extra = {}) {
 }
 
 function formatErrorForDisplay(record) {
+  // A missing key is a setup step, not a connection fault: say where to add it.
+  if (record.code === 'API_KEY_MISSING') return missingVoiceKeyText();
   const primary = [record.source, record.message].filter(Boolean).join(': ');
   const state = [
     record.errorDetail && `detail=${record.errorDetail}`,

From c03a54de40ceff918b9eb04f84f0dc68bd371612 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said Turksever <asturksever@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 11:55:31 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 155/181] Tests: pin the API_KEY_MISSING code on the keyless
 voice token response

---
 src/hudSummaryResponse.test.mjs | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/hudSummaryResponse.test.mjs b/src/hudSummaryResponse.test.mjs
index 097d7133d..6effd2eee 100644
--- a/src/hudSummaryResponse.test.mjs
+++ b/src/hudSummaryResponse.test.mjs
@@ -150,7 +150,10 @@ test('the installed keyless HUD route stays successful after the voice quota is
     const firstToken = await invokeRoute(token);
     const secondToken = await invokeRoute(token);
     assert.equal(firstToken.statusCode, 503);
-    assert.deepEqual(firstToken.body, { error: 'OPENAI_API_KEY is not set' });
+    assert.deepEqual(firstToken.body, {
+      error: 'OPENAI_API_KEY is not set',
+      code: 'API_KEY_MISSING',
+    });
     assert.equal(secondToken.statusCode, 429);
 
     for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 2; attempt += 1) {

From 0687e0e3dae9fd265c11e4802da465b96fa138c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said Turksever <asturksever@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 11:59:28 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 156/181] Changelog: 1599 fragment

---
 changelog.d/1599-keyless-voice-key-hint.md | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1599-keyless-voice-key-hint.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1599-keyless-voice-key-hint.md b/changelog.d/1599-keyless-voice-key-hint.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dfa2c5bb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1599-keyless-voice-key-hint.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+- Without `OPENAI_API_KEY`, the mic now says the key is missing and to add it in
+  Provider Settings, instead of showing the raw server error with a hint to
+  check microphone permissions. `/api/realtime/token` returns
+  `code: "API_KEY_MISSING"` with its 503 (asturksever, #1599).

From f86b8954f664a052bcbd36c275cce86369418223 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 16:01:50 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 157/181] fix(voice): a missing-key error keeps its wording and
 hides the microphone hint after a language change (#1599)

The voice error was matched against the translated key message to decide
whether to show the microphone hint, so switching language brought the hint
back and left the message in the old language. The error now carries a
missing-key flag into the status, which words the message at render time.
A controller test covers the language switch, and CURRENT-STATE.md documents
the keyless voice response.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md            |  2 +-
 src/voice/gevRealtime.test.mjs   | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/voice/realtimeController.js  | 16 ++++++++++++----
 src/voice/realtimeDiagnostics.js |  6 +++++-
 4 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index b04d4cf2e..d9721b2a3 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -6269,7 +6269,7 @@ and unreachable upstream (502/504) separately from road geometry.
 
 `GEV MIC` button (bottom UI) starts an OpenAI Realtime session over WebRTC:
 
-- **Token flow**: browser fetches a short-lived client secret from `/api/realtime/token`; the Vite middleware uses `OPENAI_API_KEY` by default, or the signed-in local ChatGPT/Codex OAuth access token when OAuth was explicitly selected in Provider Settings, and posts the full session config (instructions, tool schemas, VAD, truncation) to `api.openai.com/v1/realtime/client_secrets`. Both long-lived credentials stay server-side; OAuth minting is loopback-only. SDP exchange goes directly to `api.openai.com/v1/realtime/calls` with the ephemeral token.
+- **Token flow**: browser fetches a short-lived client secret from `/api/realtime/token`; the Vite middleware uses `OPENAI_API_KEY` by default, or the signed-in local ChatGPT/Codex OAuth access token when OAuth was explicitly selected in Provider Settings, and posts the full session config (instructions, tool schemas, VAD, truncation) to `api.openai.com/v1/realtime/client_secrets`. Both long-lived credentials stay server-side; OAuth minting is loopback-only. SDP exchange goes directly to `api.openai.com/v1/realtime/calls` with the ephemeral token. With no OpenAI key the token route answers `503` with code `API_KEY_MISSING`, and the voice control shows `Needs OPENAI_API_KEY — add it in Provider Settings` in the interface language, reworded on a language change, without the microphone-permission hint.
 - **Session defaults** (env-tunable): model `gpt-realtime-2` (or `gpt-realtime-2.1-mini` when the MINI tier is selected — see the model-tier entry below), voice `marin`, reasoning effort `low`, semantic VAD with low eagerness, no response interruption, context window truncated to ~3,000 post-instruction tokens with 0.5 retention ratio — the conversational window stays short because map state is fetched live per turn.
 - **Thirty tools** (argument schemas in `src/voice/actionSchemas.js`, served with their descriptions by `server/providers/openai/tools.js`, executed client-side in `src/voice/gevActions.js`): `fly_to_location`, `select_nearest_aircraft`, `adjust_camera_zoom`, `zoom_to_globe`, `set_layer_visibility`, `show_data_layers_menu`, `set_panel_open`, `set_visual_style`, `get_entity_context`, `get_current_view_state`, `set_hud`, `set_cyber_sonar`, `set_detection`, `set_map_stack`, `set_post_processing`, `control_scene`, `control_cctv`, `set_context_mode`, `control_cockpit`, `control_radio`, `track_entity`, `stop_tracking`, `frame_overhead`, `annotate_map`, `clear_annotations`, `move_camera`, `fly_route`, `analyst_query`, `next_iss_pass`, and `next_satellite_pass`.
 
diff --git a/src/voice/gevRealtime.test.mjs b/src/voice/gevRealtime.test.mjs
index 859932e08..426a15f5c 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevRealtime.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/gevRealtime.test.mjs
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import {
 } from './gevRealtime.js';
 import { createVoiceCostTracker } from './voiceCost.js';
 import { createTestVoiceUi } from '../testSupport/voiceUi.mjs';
+import { setLocale } from '../i18n/index.js';
 
 test('push-to-talk recognizes Space by code or key', () => {
   assert.equal(PUSH_TO_TALK_HOLD_DELAY_MS, 500);
@@ -3734,3 +3735,32 @@ test('the controller forwards viewport escalation diagnostics to its debug log',
     }],
   );
 });
+
+test('a missing server key says where to add it, without the microphone hint, in every language', () => {
+  const ui = createTestVoiceUi();
+  const controller = new GevRealtimeController({
+    ui,
+    runner: async () => ({ ok: true }),
+    radioLayer: { subscribePlaybackControls: () => () => {}, setVoiceDucked() {} },
+  });
+  try {
+    controller.reportError(
+      'Realtime connection',
+      Object.assign(new Error('OPENAI_API_KEY is not set'), { code: 'API_KEY_MISSING' }),
+    );
+    assert.equal(ui.state.error.text, 'Needs OPENAI_API_KEY — add it in Provider Settings');
+    assert.equal(ui.state.error.hint, false);
+
+    setLocale('es');
+    assert.notEqual(ui.state.error.text, 'Needs OPENAI_API_KEY — add it in Provider Settings');
+    assert.match(ui.state.error.text, /OPENAI_API_KEY/);
+    assert.equal(ui.state.error.hint, false);
+    setLocale('en');
+
+    controller.reportError('Realtime connection', new Error('ICE failed'));
+    assert.match(ui.state.error.text, /ICE failed/);
+    assert.equal(ui.state.error.hint, true);
+  } finally {
+    setLocale('en');
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeController.js b/src/voice/realtimeController.js
index a7dd07021..56f501f95 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeController.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeController.js
@@ -407,7 +407,14 @@ export class GevRealtimeController extends RealtimeFacade {
     }
   }
 
-  setStatus(status, detail) {
+  /**
+   * @param {string} status
+   * @param {string} [detail]
+   * @param {{missingKey?: boolean}} [options] True when the error is a
+   *   missing server key: it is worded in the current language and shown
+   *   without the microphone hint.
+   */
+  setStatus(status, detail, { missingKey = false } = {}) {
     this.status = status;
     this.emitSessionEvent({ type: 'state', state: status, detail });
     this.ui.update('root', {
@@ -435,11 +442,12 @@ export class GevRealtimeController extends RealtimeFacade {
     this.ui.update('error', {
       text: () =>
         status === 'error'
-          ? resolvedDetail() || t('Voice session could not be started.')
+          ? (missingKey && missingVoiceKeyText()) ||
+            resolvedDetail() ||
+            t('Voice session could not be started.')
           : '',
       // "Check microphone permission" is wrong advice for a missing key.
-      hint: () =>
-        !(status === 'error' && resolvedDetail() === missingVoiceKeyText()),
+      hint: () => !(status === 'error' && missingKey),
     });
     if (status === 'idle' || status === 'connecting' || status === 'error') {
       this.setVoiceSpeaker('idle');
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeDiagnostics.js b/src/voice/realtimeDiagnostics.js
index dcdacf08e..6efa71dfc 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeDiagnostics.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeDiagnostics.js
@@ -183,7 +183,11 @@ export class RealtimeDiagnostics {
     storeErrors(this.errors);
     console.error('[GEV Realtime]', record);
     this.debugLog('error', record);
-    this.setStatus('error', formatErrorForDisplay(record));
+    this.setStatus(
+      'error',
+      formatErrorForDisplay(record),
+      record.code === 'API_KEY_MISSING' ? { missingKey: true } : undefined,
+    );
     return record;
   }
 

From b89f81b7290fe9a118d0c7ed29dfbaa633b0788b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 17:06:50 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 158/181] fix(voice): keyless Gemini voice drops the microphone
 hint

The Gemini token route now answers a missing key with code API_KEY_MISSING,
the session carries it to the error state as missingKey, and the voice
control hides "Check microphone permission" for that error, as it already
does for OpenAI. The OpenAI controller sends the same flag, so the shared
control and the controller agree whichever updates last.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md               |  2 +-
 server/providers/gemini/realtime.js |  5 ++++-
 src/geminiServer.test.mjs           |  7 ++++++-
 src/voice/geminiSession.js          | 26 ++++++++++++++++++--------
 src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs    | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/voice/realtimeController.js     |  7 ++++++-
 src/voice/sessionCommands.js        |  2 ++
 8 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index d9721b2a3..9a2f938e6 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ Source factories have dedicated `layers/<family>/source` exports. ALPR and earth
 
 Voice controls bind to a protocol-independent session factory. The default WebRTC adapter preserves the existing Realtime connection, push-to-talk, cost controls and radio handoff. Session subscriptions expose state, transcript, action call/progress/result, interruption, completion and turn-metrics events; stopping or replacing a session cancels pending actions. An active session's normal Stop publishes one idle transition, including adapters that emit their own terminal state; a restart triggered by that transition keeps ownership of its new startup state. Alternate adapters can use the same controls and action runner.
 
-The standalone app offers OpenAI and Gemini Live through the **AI Provider** setting, shared by voice and typed chat. Gemini keeps its permanent API key on the local server and mints a short-lived, single-use credential with server-owned instructions and the standalone action catalog. Its native WebSocket adapter supports open microphone and push-to-talk input, streaming audio, captions and the existing action runner. In push-to-talk, a tool call that arrives with no input, reply or tool result outstanding is answered with a failure and never runs, and neither does any other call in the reply it starts; open-microphone turns start on Gemini's server-side activity detection, which reports no boundary to check. Switching providers ends the old conversation and releases its microphone and connection; only the input mode carries over. Gemini uses bounded shutdown draining and explicit manual restart, without automatic reconnection or a promise of uninterrupted session duration. Hosts that do not opt into the provider facade retain their existing default or custom adapter.
+The standalone app offers OpenAI and Gemini Live through the **AI Provider** setting, shared by voice and typed chat. Gemini keeps its permanent API key on the local server and mints a short-lived, single-use credential with server-owned instructions and the standalone action catalog. With no Gemini key the token route answers `503` with code `API_KEY_MISSING`, and the voice control says `Add a Gemini API key in Provider Settings` without the microphone-permission hint. Its native WebSocket adapter supports open microphone and push-to-talk input, streaming audio, captions and the existing action runner. In push-to-talk, a tool call that arrives with no input, reply or tool result outstanding is answered with a failure and never runs, and neither does any other call in the reply it starts; open-microphone turns start on Gemini's server-side activity detection, which reports no boundary to check. Switching providers ends the old conversation and releases its microphone and connection; only the input mode carries over. Gemini uses bounded shutdown draining and explicit manual restart, without automatic reconnection or a promise of uninterrupted session duration. Hosts that do not opt into the provider facade retain their existing default or custom adapter.
 
 Voice action argument schemas have one portable owner under `src/voice/actionSchemas.js`. The Realtime provider builds 33 tools using separate description-only metadata; a session is offered 32 of them unless `OVERPASS_UPSTREAMS` is set, which adds `osm_query` and its one prompt sentence (`server/providers/openai/tools.js`). Description customization cannot replace argument types, enum values or required fields.
 
diff --git a/server/providers/gemini/realtime.js b/server/providers/gemini/realtime.js
index fa8821afa..ec2c87cd3 100644
--- a/server/providers/gemini/realtime.js
+++ b/server/providers/gemini/realtime.js
@@ -63,7 +63,10 @@ export function createGeminiTokenHandler({
         return reply(403, 'Gemini voice requires a same-origin app request');
       apiKey = String(resolveApiKey() || '').trim();
       if (!apiKey)
-        return reply(503, 'Add a Gemini API key in Provider Settings');
+        return reply(503, {
+          error: 'Add a Gemini API key in Provider Settings',
+          code: 'API_KEY_MISSING',
+        });
       model = normalizeGeminiModel(resolveModel());
       if (!model)
         return reply(503, 'The Gemini Live model configuration is invalid');
diff --git a/src/geminiServer.test.mjs b/src/geminiServer.test.mjs
index e6d8d2de9..de8211f98 100644
--- a/src/geminiServer.test.mjs
+++ b/src/geminiServer.test.mjs
@@ -251,7 +251,12 @@ test('mint locks canonical action schemas and server instructions with no perman
 
 test('missing key and malformed model fail without an upstream request', async (t) => {
   const missing = await fixture(t, { resolveApiKey: () => '' });
-  assert.equal((await missing.send()).status, 503);
+  const missingResponse = await missing.send();
+  assert.equal(missingResponse.status, 503);
+  assert.deepEqual(await missingResponse.json(), {
+    error: 'Add a Gemini API key in Provider Settings',
+    code: 'API_KEY_MISSING',
+  });
   assert.equal(missing.calls.length, 0);
   for (const model of [
     '',
diff --git a/src/voice/geminiSession.js b/src/voice/geminiSession.js
index 8996774b3..0ee9fb313 100644
--- a/src/voice/geminiSession.js
+++ b/src/voice/geminiSession.js
@@ -359,7 +359,11 @@ export class GeminiSessionController {
     );
   }
 
-  setStatus(status, detail, recovery) {
+  /**
+   * @param {{missingKey?: boolean}} [options] True when the server has no
+   *   Gemini key: the control then drops its microphone hint.
+   */
+  setStatus(status, detail, recovery, { missingKey = false } = {}) {
     this.status = status;
     if (status === 'listening' && this.input.pushToTalkMode)
       detail = this.input.pushToTalkKeyHeld
@@ -371,6 +375,7 @@ export class GeminiSessionController {
       detail: translateKnown(detail),
     };
     if (recovery) event.recovery = translateKnown(recovery);
+    if (missingKey) event.missingKey = true;
     this.emit(event);
     this.input.updateVoiceButtonLabel();
     if (['idle', 'connecting', 'error'].includes(status))
@@ -584,12 +589,15 @@ export class GeminiSessionController {
       const data = await readResponseJsonCapped(response, 256 * 1024, signal);
       signal.throwIfAborted();
       if (!response.ok)
-        throw new Error(
-          typeof data?.error === 'string'
-            ? tokenErrorMessage(data.error)
-            : t('Gemini token request failed (HTTP {status})', {
-                status: response.status,
-              }),
+        throw Object.assign(
+          new Error(
+            typeof data?.error === 'string'
+              ? tokenErrorMessage(data.error)
+              : t('Gemini token request failed (HTTP {status})', {
+                  status: response.status,
+                }),
+          ),
+          typeof data?.code === 'string' ? { code: data.code } : {},
         );
       if (
         typeof data?.model !== 'string' ||
@@ -966,7 +974,9 @@ export class GeminiSessionController {
           : error?.message || msg('Gemini voice could not start');
     this.lastError = detail;
     this.stop({ preserveStatus: true });
-    this.setStatus('error', detail, recovery);
+    this.setStatus('error', detail, recovery, {
+      missingKey: error?.code === 'API_KEY_MISSING',
+    });
   }
 
   abortTools() {
diff --git a/src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs b/src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs
index 82f403ef7..a97b5caac 100644
--- a/src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs
@@ -3638,3 +3638,21 @@ test('cancelling a queued globe reset also skips its dependent rotation', async
     h.c.stop();
   }
 });
+
+test('a missing server key reaches the error state flagged, other token failures do not', async () => {
+  for (const [body, missingKey] of [
+    [{ error: 'Add a Gemini API key in Provider Settings', code: 'API_KEY_MISSING' }, true],
+    [{ error: 'Gemini quota is unavailable. Try again later.' }, undefined],
+  ]) {
+    const h = harness({
+      fetchImpl: async () => Response.json(body, { status: 503 }),
+    });
+    await h.c.start();
+    const error = h.events.filter(
+      (event) => event.type === 'state' && event.state === 'error',
+    ).at(-1);
+    assert.equal(error?.detail, body.error);
+    assert.equal(error?.missingKey, missingKey);
+    assert.equal(h.sockets.length, 0);
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs b/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs
index a9acd2804..b2fed2721 100644
--- a/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs
@@ -871,3 +871,22 @@ test('a provider switch hands chat Settings to the new mount', async (t) => {
   assert.deepEqual(f.mounts[1].options.presentation, shown);
   assert.equal(f.facade.provider, next);
 });
+
+test('a missing-key error hides the microphone hint; other errors keep it', async (t) => {
+  const f = compositionFixture(t, {});
+  f.select('gemini');
+  await settle();
+  const instance = f.instances.at(-1);
+  const ui = f.views.at(-1);
+  instance.hooks.emit({
+    type: 'state',
+    state: 'error',
+    detail: 'Add a Gemini API key in Provider Settings',
+    missingKey: true,
+  });
+  assert.equal(ui.state.error.text, 'Add a Gemini API key in Provider Settings');
+  assert.equal(ui.state.error.hint, false);
+  instance.hooks.emit({ type: 'state', state: 'error', detail: 'Socket closed' });
+  assert.equal(ui.state.error.text, 'Socket closed');
+  assert.equal(ui.state.error.hint, true);
+});
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeController.js b/src/voice/realtimeController.js
index 56f501f95..58b8aec77 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeController.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeController.js
@@ -416,7 +416,12 @@ export class GevRealtimeController extends RealtimeFacade {
    */
   setStatus(status, detail, { missingKey = false } = {}) {
     this.status = status;
-    this.emitSessionEvent({ type: 'state', state: status, detail });
+    this.emitSessionEvent({
+      type: 'state',
+      state: status,
+      detail,
+      ...(missingKey && { missingKey: true }),
+    });
     this.ui.update('root', {
       status,
       ...(status === 'error' && { errorDismissed: false }),
diff --git a/src/voice/sessionCommands.js b/src/voice/sessionCommands.js
index 242a2126b..ad5ce59bd 100644
--- a/src/voice/sessionCommands.js
+++ b/src/voice/sessionCommands.js
@@ -129,6 +129,8 @@ export function createVoiceCommands({
         event.state === 'error'
           ? event.detail || t('Voice could not be started.')
           : '',
+      // "Check microphone permission" is wrong advice for a missing key.
+      hint: () => !(event.state === 'error' && event.missingKey === true),
     });
   });
   // Captions, plan and result card nested in the control; it only reads

From 0118e17ea6ddfaaf7a8a080413487276bc64317a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 17:07:01 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 159/181] Changelog fragment for #1660

---
 changelog.d/1660-keyless-gemini-mic-hint.md | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1660-keyless-gemini-mic-hint.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1660-keyless-gemini-mic-hint.md b/changelog.d/1660-keyless-gemini-mic-hint.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f539e0e5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1660-keyless-gemini-mic-hint.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+- Keyless Gemini voice no longer blames the microphone. Without
+  `GEMINI_API_KEY`, the voice control shows only "Add a Gemini API key in
+  Provider Settings", without the microphone-permission hint, as OpenAI voice
+  already does (Sameh Khamis, @samehkhamis, #1660).

From fdbff75e1e9def6fc458901c12deef75480af438 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 17:10:45 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 160/181] Format the keyless Gemini voice tests (#1660)

---
 src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs    | 14 ++++++++++----
 src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs | 11 +++++++++--
 2 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs b/src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs
index a97b5caac..3c91d3a0a 100644
--- a/src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs
@@ -3641,16 +3641,22 @@ test('cancelling a queued globe reset also skips its dependent rotation', async
 
 test('a missing server key reaches the error state flagged, other token failures do not', async () => {
   for (const [body, missingKey] of [
-    [{ error: 'Add a Gemini API key in Provider Settings', code: 'API_KEY_MISSING' }, true],
+    [
+      {
+        error: 'Add a Gemini API key in Provider Settings',
+        code: 'API_KEY_MISSING',
+      },
+      true,
+    ],
     [{ error: 'Gemini quota is unavailable. Try again later.' }, undefined],
   ]) {
     const h = harness({
       fetchImpl: async () => Response.json(body, { status: 503 }),
     });
     await h.c.start();
-    const error = h.events.filter(
-      (event) => event.type === 'state' && event.state === 'error',
-    ).at(-1);
+    const error = h.events
+      .filter((event) => event.type === 'state' && event.state === 'error')
+      .at(-1);
     assert.equal(error?.detail, body.error);
     assert.equal(error?.missingKey, missingKey);
     assert.equal(h.sockets.length, 0);
diff --git a/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs b/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs
index b2fed2721..dcc38d6c5 100644
--- a/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs
@@ -884,9 +884,16 @@ test('a missing-key error hides the microphone hint; other errors keep it', asyn
     detail: 'Add a Gemini API key in Provider Settings',
     missingKey: true,
   });
-  assert.equal(ui.state.error.text, 'Add a Gemini API key in Provider Settings');
+  assert.equal(
+    ui.state.error.text,
+    'Add a Gemini API key in Provider Settings',
+  );
   assert.equal(ui.state.error.hint, false);
-  instance.hooks.emit({ type: 'state', state: 'error', detail: 'Socket closed' });
+  instance.hooks.emit({
+    type: 'state',
+    state: 'error',
+    detail: 'Socket closed',
+  });
   assert.equal(ui.state.error.text, 'Socket closed');
   assert.equal(ui.state.error.hint, true);
 });

From b1c5de0ed123d4ac06887f8199fa672f79392db6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 18:04:52 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 161/181] fix(voice): Gemini voice messages follow a language
 change

The Gemini session translated each status and error message once, when it
happened, so after a language change the voice control kept showing it in
the old language. The state event now also carries the English catalog text
as sourceDetail, and the control words it when shown. The local server's
known token errors stay catalog text until then instead of being translated
on arrival.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md               |  2 +-
 src/voice/geminiSession.js          |  9 +++++++--
 src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs    | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/voice/sessionCommands.js        | 17 +++++++++++-----
 5 files changed, 77 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 9a2f938e6..adbf20824 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ Source factories have dedicated `layers/<family>/source` exports. ALPR and earth
 
 Voice controls bind to a protocol-independent session factory. The default WebRTC adapter preserves the existing Realtime connection, push-to-talk, cost controls and radio handoff. Session subscriptions expose state, transcript, action call/progress/result, interruption, completion and turn-metrics events; stopping or replacing a session cancels pending actions. An active session's normal Stop publishes one idle transition, including adapters that emit their own terminal state; a restart triggered by that transition keeps ownership of its new startup state. Alternate adapters can use the same controls and action runner.
 
-The standalone app offers OpenAI and Gemini Live through the **AI Provider** setting, shared by voice and typed chat. Gemini keeps its permanent API key on the local server and mints a short-lived, single-use credential with server-owned instructions and the standalone action catalog. With no Gemini key the token route answers `503` with code `API_KEY_MISSING`, and the voice control says `Add a Gemini API key in Provider Settings` without the microphone-permission hint. Its native WebSocket adapter supports open microphone and push-to-talk input, streaming audio, captions and the existing action runner. In push-to-talk, a tool call that arrives with no input, reply or tool result outstanding is answered with a failure and never runs, and neither does any other call in the reply it starts; open-microphone turns start on Gemini's server-side activity detection, which reports no boundary to check. Switching providers ends the old conversation and releases its microphone and connection; only the input mode carries over. Gemini uses bounded shutdown draining and explicit manual restart, without automatic reconnection or a promise of uninterrupted session duration. Hosts that do not opt into the provider facade retain their existing default or custom adapter.
+The standalone app offers OpenAI and Gemini Live through the **AI Provider** setting, shared by voice and typed chat. Gemini keeps its permanent API key on the local server and mints a short-lived, single-use credential with server-owned instructions and the standalone action catalog. With no Gemini key the token route answers `503` with code `API_KEY_MISSING`, and the voice control says `Add a Gemini API key in Provider Settings` without the microphone-permission hint. Gemini's status and error messages keep their English catalog text on the session's `state` event (`sourceDetail`, beside the worded `detail`), so the voice control words them again after a language change. Its native WebSocket adapter supports open microphone and push-to-talk input, streaming audio, captions and the existing action runner. In push-to-talk, a tool call that arrives with no input, reply or tool result outstanding is answered with a failure and never runs, and neither does any other call in the reply it starts; open-microphone turns start on Gemini's server-side activity detection, which reports no boundary to check. Switching providers ends the old conversation and releases its microphone and connection; only the input mode carries over. Gemini uses bounded shutdown draining and explicit manual restart, without automatic reconnection or a promise of uninterrupted session duration. Hosts that do not opt into the provider facade retain their existing default or custom adapter.
 
 Voice action argument schemas have one portable owner under `src/voice/actionSchemas.js`. The Realtime provider builds 33 tools using separate description-only metadata; a session is offered 32 of them unless `OVERPASS_UPSTREAMS` is set, which adds `osm_query` and its one prompt sentence (`server/providers/openai/tools.js`). Description customization cannot replace argument types, enum values or required fields.
 
diff --git a/src/voice/geminiSession.js b/src/voice/geminiSession.js
index 0ee9fb313..8900c1552 100644
--- a/src/voice/geminiSession.js
+++ b/src/voice/geminiSession.js
@@ -71,7 +71,9 @@ export function geminiSocketUrl({ token, websocketUrl }) {
   return url.href;
 }
 
-// Known local-server failures are translated; unexpected diagnostics stay intact.
+// The local server's known failures, marked for translation. Each is kept as
+// its English catalog text, which the status words when it is shown, so a
+// language change words it again; unexpected diagnostics stay intact.
 function tokenErrorMessage(error) {
   switch (error) {
     case msg('Gemini voice could not connect. Try again.'):
@@ -85,7 +87,6 @@ function tokenErrorMessage(error) {
     case msg('Token request is too large'):
     case msg('Use an empty JSON token request'):
     case msg('Method not allowed'):
-      return t(error);
     default:
       return error;
   }
@@ -369,10 +370,14 @@ export class GeminiSessionController {
       detail = this.input.pushToTalkKeyHeld
         ? msg('Release Space to send')
         : msg('Hold Space to talk');
+    // `detail` is worded in the current language; `sourceDetail` keeps the
+    // English catalog text, so a view can word it again after a language
+    // change.
     const event = {
       type: 'state',
       state: status,
       detail: translateKnown(detail),
+      ...(typeof detail === 'string' && { sourceDetail: detail }),
     };
     if (recovery) event.recovery = translateKnown(recovery);
     if (missingKey) event.missingKey = true;
diff --git a/src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs b/src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs
index 3c91d3a0a..6e921d827 100644
--- a/src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { geminiSocketUrl } from './geminiSession.js';
 import { createVoiceSession } from './session.js';
 import { createPointerTracker } from './pointerContext.js';
 import { withToolCatalog } from './gevRealtime.js';
+import { setLocale, t } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import {
   harness,
   tick,
@@ -3662,3 +3663,28 @@ test('a missing server key reaches the error state flagged, other token failures
     assert.equal(h.sockets.length, 0);
   }
 });
+
+test('an error keeps its English catalog text beside the worded detail', async (t2) => {
+  t2.after(() => setLocale('en'));
+  setLocale('es');
+  const h = harness({
+    fetchImpl: async () =>
+      Response.json(
+        { error: 'Gemini quota is unavailable. Try again later.' },
+        { status: 503 },
+      ),
+  });
+  await h.c.start();
+  const error = h.events
+    .filter((event) => event.type === 'state' && event.state === 'error')
+    .at(-1);
+  assert.equal(
+    error.sourceDetail,
+    'Gemini quota is unavailable. Try again later.',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    error.detail,
+    t('Gemini quota is unavailable. Try again later.'),
+  );
+  assert.notEqual(error.detail, error.sourceDetail);
+});
diff --git a/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs b/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs
index dcc38d6c5..96c19ecf4 100644
--- a/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { createGevActionRunner } from './gevActions.js';
 import { createPointerTracker } from './pointerContext.js';
 import { createReferentRegistry } from './referents.js';
 import { createTestVoiceUi } from '../testSupport/voiceUi.mjs';
+import { setLocale, t } from '../i18n/index.js';
 
 const PROVIDER_KEY = 'gev.voice.provider';
 const settle = () => new Promise((resolve) => setImmediate(resolve));
@@ -897,3 +898,33 @@ test('a missing-key error hides the microphone hint; other errors keep it', asyn
   assert.equal(ui.state.error.text, 'Socket closed');
   assert.equal(ui.state.error.hint, true);
 });
+
+test('a provider message is worded again after a language change', async (t2) => {
+  t2.after(() => setLocale('en'));
+  const f = compositionFixture(t2, {});
+  f.select('gemini');
+  await settle();
+  const instance = f.instances.at(-1);
+  const ui = f.views.at(-1);
+  const quota = 'Gemini quota is unavailable. Try again later.';
+  instance.hooks.emit({
+    type: 'state',
+    state: 'error',
+    detail: quota,
+    sourceDetail: quota,
+  });
+  assert.equal(ui.state.error.text, quota);
+  setLocale('es');
+  assert.equal(ui.state.error.text, t(quota));
+  assert.notEqual(ui.state.error.text, quota);
+  setLocale('en');
+  instance.hooks.emit({
+    type: 'state',
+    state: 'listening',
+    detail: 'Ask or command',
+    sourceDetail: 'Ask or command',
+  });
+  setLocale('es');
+  assert.equal(ui.state.detail.text, t('Ask or command'));
+  assert.notEqual(ui.state.detail.text, 'Ask or command');
+});
diff --git a/src/voice/sessionCommands.js b/src/voice/sessionCommands.js
index ad5ce59bd..c3ef1a917 100644
--- a/src/voice/sessionCommands.js
+++ b/src/voice/sessionCommands.js
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { createVoiceSession, isStoppable } from './session.js';
 import { VoiceCardControls } from './voiceCard.js';
 import { PointerReticle } from './pointerReticle.js';
 import { VOICE_PROVIDERS } from './providerCapabilities.js';
-import { t } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { t, translateKnown } from '../i18n/index.js';
 
 function createDefaultReticle(pointer) {
   const element = pointer?.element;
@@ -114,11 +114,18 @@ export function createVoiceCommands({
     // States are machine values; only the label is translated.
     ui.update('status', { text: () => voiceStatusLabel(event.state) });
     // The portable session reports 'Voice off' in English: show the idle
-    // label instead. Other details are provider messages, shown as they come.
+    // label instead. Other details are provider messages; one that keeps its
+    // English catalog text is worded again in the current language.
     const idle = event.state === 'idle';
-    const detail = event.detail === 'Voice off' ? '' : event.detail;
+    const source = event.sourceDetail ?? event.detail;
+    const detail = () =>
+      source === 'Voice off'
+        ? ''
+        : event.sourceDetail
+          ? translateKnown(event.sourceDetail)
+          : event.detail;
     ui.update('detail', {
-      text: () => detail || (idle ? t('Voice off') : t('Voice active')),
+      text: () => detail() || (idle ? t('Voice off') : t('Voice active')),
     });
     // A typed chat session is not the microphone.
     ui.update('button', {
@@ -127,7 +134,7 @@ export function createVoiceCommands({
     ui.update('error', {
       text: () =>
         event.state === 'error'
-          ? event.detail || t('Voice could not be started.')
+          ? detail() || t('Voice could not be started.')
           : '',
       // "Check microphone permission" is wrong advice for a missing key.
       hint: () => !(event.state === 'error' && event.missingKey === true),

From 44dd6d48a84afe1734f8207cbdf733c07668b7c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 18:05:04 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 162/181] Changelog fragment for #1661

---
 changelog.d/1661-gemini-voice-message-locale.md | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1661-gemini-voice-message-locale.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1661-gemini-voice-message-locale.md b/changelog.d/1661-gemini-voice-message-locale.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c53270375
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1661-gemini-voice-message-locale.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+- Gemini voice messages follow a language change. A Gemini Live status or
+  error, such as "Gemini quota is unavailable", is shown in the new interface
+  language after you switch it, instead of staying in the old one, as OpenAI
+  voice messages already do (Sameh Khamis, @samehkhamis, #1661).

From 874f83ba48fa0ee667f8063f010a4072e0c38d23 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 18:11:07 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 163/181] fix(voice): messages worded before reaching the
 status also follow a language change (#1661)

The radio and push-to-talk helpers shared by both voice providers now pass
English catalog text, and the OpenAI controller words its detail when shown,
like the Gemini session. A token failure without a server message carries
its status as sourceParams, so it is worded again with the number. The docs
say sourceDetail is the message as given, catalog text when it is the app's
own.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md               |  2 +-
 src/voice/geminiSession.js          | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs    | 21 +++++++++++++++++
 src/voice/gevRealtime.test.mjs      | 20 +++++++++++++++-
 src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs | 24 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/voice/realtimeController.js     |  9 +++++---
 src/voice/realtimeInput.js          |  6 ++---
 src/voice/realtimeRadio.js          |  4 ++--
 src/voice/sessionCommands.js        |  4 +++-
 9 files changed, 107 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index adbf20824..9563a3aff 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ Source factories have dedicated `layers/<family>/source` exports. ALPR and earth
 
 Voice controls bind to a protocol-independent session factory. The default WebRTC adapter preserves the existing Realtime connection, push-to-talk, cost controls and radio handoff. Session subscriptions expose state, transcript, action call/progress/result, interruption, completion and turn-metrics events; stopping or replacing a session cancels pending actions. An active session's normal Stop publishes one idle transition, including adapters that emit their own terminal state; a restart triggered by that transition keeps ownership of its new startup state. Alternate adapters can use the same controls and action runner.
 
-The standalone app offers OpenAI and Gemini Live through the **AI Provider** setting, shared by voice and typed chat. Gemini keeps its permanent API key on the local server and mints a short-lived, single-use credential with server-owned instructions and the standalone action catalog. With no Gemini key the token route answers `503` with code `API_KEY_MISSING`, and the voice control says `Add a Gemini API key in Provider Settings` without the microphone-permission hint. Gemini's status and error messages keep their English catalog text on the session's `state` event (`sourceDetail`, beside the worded `detail`), so the voice control words them again after a language change. Its native WebSocket adapter supports open microphone and push-to-talk input, streaming audio, captions and the existing action runner. In push-to-talk, a tool call that arrives with no input, reply or tool result outstanding is answered with a failure and never runs, and neither does any other call in the reply it starts; open-microphone turns start on Gemini's server-side activity detection, which reports no boundary to check. Switching providers ends the old conversation and releases its microphone and connection; only the input mode carries over. Gemini uses bounded shutdown draining and explicit manual restart, without automatic reconnection or a promise of uninterrupted session duration. Hosts that do not opt into the provider facade retain their existing default or custom adapter.
+The standalone app offers OpenAI and Gemini Live through the **AI Provider** setting, shared by voice and typed chat. Gemini keeps its permanent API key on the local server and mints a short-lived, single-use credential with server-owned instructions and the standalone action catalog. With no Gemini key the token route answers `503` with code `API_KEY_MISSING`, and the voice control says `Add a Gemini API key in Provider Settings` without the microphone-permission hint. Voice status and error messages keep the message as given on the session's `state` event (`sourceDetail`, English catalog text when it is the app's own, with `sourceParams` for its placeholders), beside the worded `detail`, so the voice control words them again after a language change. Typed-chat errors and the chat panel are worded once. Its native WebSocket adapter supports open microphone and push-to-talk input, streaming audio, captions and the existing action runner. In push-to-talk, a tool call that arrives with no input, reply or tool result outstanding is answered with a failure and never runs, and neither does any other call in the reply it starts; open-microphone turns start on Gemini's server-side activity detection, which reports no boundary to check. Switching providers ends the old conversation and releases its microphone and connection; only the input mode carries over. Gemini uses bounded shutdown draining and explicit manual restart, without automatic reconnection or a promise of uninterrupted session duration. Hosts that do not opt into the provider facade retain their existing default or custom adapter.
 
 Voice action argument schemas have one portable owner under `src/voice/actionSchemas.js`. The Realtime provider builds 33 tools using separate description-only metadata; a session is offered 32 of them unless `OVERPASS_UPSTREAMS` is set, which adds `osm_query` and its one prompt sentence (`server/providers/openai/tools.js`). Description customization cannot replace argument types, enum values or required fields.
 
diff --git a/src/voice/geminiSession.js b/src/voice/geminiSession.js
index 8900c1552..572db471a 100644
--- a/src/voice/geminiSession.js
+++ b/src/voice/geminiSession.js
@@ -361,23 +361,31 @@ export class GeminiSessionController {
   }
 
   /**
-   * @param {{missingKey?: boolean}} [options] True when the server has no
-   *   Gemini key: the control then drops its microphone hint.
+   * @param {{missingKey?: boolean, params?: object}} [options] `missingKey`
+   *   is true when the server has no Gemini key: the control then drops its
+   *   microphone hint. `params` fill the placeholders of `detail`.
    */
-  setStatus(status, detail, recovery, { missingKey = false } = {}) {
+  setStatus(
+    status,
+    detail,
+    recovery,
+    { missingKey = false, params = null } = {},
+  ) {
     this.status = status;
     if (status === 'listening' && this.input.pushToTalkMode)
       detail = this.input.pushToTalkKeyHeld
         ? msg('Release Space to send')
         : msg('Hold Space to talk');
     // `detail` is worded in the current language; `sourceDetail` keeps the
-    // English catalog text, so a view can word it again after a language
-    // change.
+    // message as given (English catalog text, with `sourceParams` for its
+    // placeholders, when it is ours), so a view can word it again after a
+    // language change.
     const event = {
       type: 'state',
       state: status,
-      detail: translateKnown(detail),
+      detail: params ? t(detail, params) : translateKnown(detail),
       ...(typeof detail === 'string' && { sourceDetail: detail }),
+      ...(params && { sourceParams: params }),
     };
     if (recovery) event.recovery = translateKnown(recovery);
     if (missingKey) event.missingKey = true;
@@ -603,6 +611,15 @@ export class GeminiSessionController {
                 }),
           ),
           typeof data?.code === 'string' ? { code: data.code } : {},
+          // The status words this again in the current language when shown.
+          typeof data?.error === 'string'
+            ? {}
+            : {
+                wording: {
+                  text: msg('Gemini token request failed (HTTP {status})'),
+                  params: { status: response.status },
+                },
+              },
         );
       if (
         typeof data?.model !== 'string' ||
@@ -976,11 +993,14 @@ export class GeminiSessionController {
           )
         : error?.name === 'TimeoutError'
           ? msg('Gemini connection timed out. Try again.')
-          : error?.message || msg('Gemini voice could not start');
-    this.lastError = detail;
+          : error?.wording?.text ||
+            error?.message ||
+            msg('Gemini voice could not start');
+    this.lastError = error?.wording ? error.message : detail;
     this.stop({ preserveStatus: true });
     this.setStatus('error', detail, recovery, {
       missingKey: error?.code === 'API_KEY_MISSING',
+      params: error?.wording?.params,
     });
   }
 
diff --git a/src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs b/src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs
index 6e921d827..e441e6915 100644
--- a/src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/geminiSession.test.mjs
@@ -3688,3 +3688,24 @@ test('an error keeps its English catalog text beside the worded detail', async (
   );
   assert.notEqual(error.detail, error.sourceDetail);
 });
+
+test('a token failure without a message keeps its status for the next language', async (t2) => {
+  t2.after(() => setLocale('en'));
+  setLocale('es');
+  const h = harness({
+    fetchImpl: async () => Response.json({}, { status: 502 }),
+  });
+  await h.c.start();
+  const error = h.events
+    .filter((event) => event.type === 'state' && event.state === 'error')
+    .at(-1);
+  assert.equal(
+    error.sourceDetail,
+    'Gemini token request failed (HTTP {status})',
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(error.sourceParams, { status: 502 });
+  assert.equal(
+    error.detail,
+    t('Gemini token request failed (HTTP {status})', { status: 502 }),
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/voice/gevRealtime.test.mjs b/src/voice/gevRealtime.test.mjs
index 426a15f5c..752dbf9c8 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevRealtime.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/gevRealtime.test.mjs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ import {
 } from './gevRealtime.js';
 import { createVoiceCostTracker } from './voiceCost.js';
 import { createTestVoiceUi } from '../testSupport/voiceUi.mjs';
-import { setLocale } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { setLocale, t } from '../i18n/index.js';
 
 test('push-to-talk recognizes Space by code or key', () => {
   assert.equal(PUSH_TO_TALK_HOLD_DELAY_MS, 500);
@@ -3764,3 +3764,21 @@ test('a missing server key says where to add it, without the microphone hint, in
     setLocale('en');
   }
 });
+
+test('a status from a shared helper is worded again after a language change', () => {
+  const ui = createTestVoiceUi();
+  const controller = new GevRealtimeController({
+    ui,
+    runner: async () => ({ ok: true }),
+    radioLayer: { subscribePlaybackControls: () => () => {}, setVoiceDucked() {} },
+  });
+  try {
+    controller.setStatus('listening', 'Radio did not start');
+    assert.equal(ui.state.detail.text, 'Radio did not start');
+    setLocale('es');
+    assert.equal(ui.state.detail.text, t('Radio did not start'));
+    assert.notEqual(ui.state.detail.text, 'Radio did not start');
+  } finally {
+    setLocale('en');
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs b/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs
index 96c19ecf4..dc358834d 100644
--- a/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/providerCommands.test.mjs
@@ -928,3 +928,27 @@ test('a provider message is worded again after a language change', async (t2) =>
   assert.equal(ui.state.detail.text, t('Ask or command'));
   assert.notEqual(ui.state.detail.text, 'Ask or command');
 });
+
+test('a provider message with placeholders is worded again with them', async (t2) => {
+  t2.after(() => setLocale('en'));
+  const f = compositionFixture(t2, {});
+  f.select('gemini');
+  await settle();
+  const ui = f.views.at(-1);
+  const text = 'Gemini token request failed (HTTP {status})';
+  f.instances.at(-1).hooks.emit({
+    type: 'state',
+    state: 'error',
+    detail: t(text, { status: 502 }),
+    sourceDetail: text,
+    sourceParams: { status: 502 },
+  });
+  assert.equal(ui.state.error.text, 'Gemini token request failed (HTTP 502)');
+  setLocale('es');
+  assert.equal(ui.state.error.text, t(text, { status: 502 }));
+  assert.match(ui.state.error.text, /502/);
+  assert.notEqual(
+    ui.state.error.text,
+    'Gemini token request failed (HTTP 502)',
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeController.js b/src/voice/realtimeController.js
index 58b8aec77..b85439759 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeController.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeController.js
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export {
 
 import { createRealtimeBackend } from './realtimeBackend.js';
 
-import { t } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { t, translateKnown } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { voiceStatusLabel } from './control.js';
 
 // Machine states (dataset.status, CSS); voiceStatusLabel() translates labels.
@@ -416,10 +416,13 @@ export class GevRealtimeController extends RealtimeFacade {
    */
   setStatus(status, detail, { missingKey = false } = {}) {
     this.status = status;
+    // A detail may be English catalog text (from the helpers this controller
+    // shares with Gemini): it is worded in the current language when shown.
     this.emitSessionEvent({
       type: 'state',
       state: status,
-      detail,
+      detail: translateKnown(detail),
+      ...(typeof detail === 'string' && { sourceDetail: detail }),
       ...(missingKey && { missingKey: true }),
     });
     this.ui.update('root', {
@@ -437,7 +440,7 @@ export class GevRealtimeController extends RealtimeFacade {
         ? held
           ? t('Release Space to send')
           : t('Hold Space to talk')
-        : detail;
+        : translateKnown(detail);
     const primaryDetail = () =>
       status === 'error'
         ? t('VOICE UNAVAILABLE')
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeInput.js b/src/voice/realtimeInput.js
index 9c9fd85e7..0a43fa6ec 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeInput.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeInput.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { t } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { msg, t } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import {
   PUSH_TO_TALK_HOLD_DELAY_MS,
   MICROPHONE_VISUALIZER_GATE,
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ export class RealtimeInput {
           this.ui.update('root', { pushToTalk: 'held' });
           this.setMicrophoneEnabled(true);
           if (this.status === 'listening')
-            this.setStatus('listening', t('Release Space to send'));
+            this.setStatus('listening', msg('Release Space to send'));
         } else {
           this.start({ pushToTalk: true });
           // start() performs a controlled stop() before connecting. Restore the
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ export class RealtimeInput {
     if (!this.pushToTalkMode) return;
     this.setMicrophoneEnabled(false);
     if (this.status === 'listening')
-      this.setStatus('listening', t('Hold Space to talk'));
+      this.setStatus('listening', msg('Hold Space to talk'));
     else this.updateVoiceButtonLabel();
   }
 
diff --git a/src/voice/realtimeRadio.js b/src/voice/realtimeRadio.js
index 065c55c3b..90abce9e8 100644
--- a/src/voice/realtimeRadio.js
+++ b/src/voice/realtimeRadio.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { t } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { msg } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import {
   silenceRadioForVoice,
   startPreparedRadioAfterPlaybackReady,
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ export class RealtimeRadio {
     if (radioHandoff.result?.ok || radioHandoff.cancelled || !stillCurrent)
       return;
     if (this.dc?.readyState === 'open' && !this.userTurnPending) {
-      this.setStatus('listening', t('Radio did not start'));
+      this.setStatus('listening', msg('Radio did not start'));
       this.queueResponseCreate(
         'Say exactly one short correction: “The Radio station could not start. Voice is still on.”',
       );
diff --git a/src/voice/sessionCommands.js b/src/voice/sessionCommands.js
index c3ef1a917..2add30636 100644
--- a/src/voice/sessionCommands.js
+++ b/src/voice/sessionCommands.js
@@ -122,7 +122,9 @@ export function createVoiceCommands({
       source === 'Voice off'
         ? ''
         : event.sourceDetail
-          ? translateKnown(event.sourceDetail)
+          ? event.sourceParams
+            ? t(event.sourceDetail, event.sourceParams)
+            : translateKnown(event.sourceDetail)
           : event.detail;
     ui.update('detail', {
       text: () => detail() || (idle ? t('Voice off') : t('Voice active')),

From 57ff81f723195d5a67fc7734b77bb6413c1bcca4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 15:52:23 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 164/181] feat(live): flights, military and vessels follow the
 world clock when their source declares a timeline

A live source may now declare a timeline: it can answer a snapshot at a
given time (source.timeline = { coverage(), stepMs, subscribe? }, read by
readSnapshotTimeline). While such a layer is on it follows the world clock
and registers the coverage. At the live edge it polls exactly as before;
away from it the layer asks for getSnapshot({ ...query, atMs }) at the step
at or before the clock time and shows that snapshot instead of polling.

src/time/snapshotTimeline.js owns the following: a seek, time going
backwards or leaving live replaces every contact with the snapshot at the
new time (play waits on it, for at most 8 s); playing on keeps one
snapshot ahead and gates play on it, applying those snapshots as polls so
contacts move smoothly; outside coverage the layer is empty; back at live
it is cleared and polls at once. One load at a time, and a load the
source drops for a newer one is not a failure.

While following, aircraft are drawn at the clock time with no render
delay, records and absences are judged at the clock, track requests carry
atMs, and vessels move between fixes along the great circle. The world
clock counts jumps (seeks and returns to live) in getState().

A source with no timeline never follows the clock, and every layer stays
live, unchanged.
---
 changelog.d/0-contacts-follow-world-clock.md |   7 +
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                        |  41 +++
 scripts/package-boundaries.json              |  19 ++
 src/layers/flights/clockFollow.js            |  41 +++
 src/layers/flights/clockFollow.test.mjs      | 230 +++++++++++++
 src/layers/flights/index.js                  |  23 +-
 src/layers/flights/ingestion.js              | 168 ++++++----
 src/layers/flights/lifecycle.js              |   3 +
 src/layers/flights/motion.js                 |  18 +-
 src/layers/flights/policy.js                 |   9 +
 src/layers/flights/queries.js                |   3 +
 src/layers/flights/records.js                |  72 +++-
 src/layers/flights/rendering.js              |   4 +-
 src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js       |  35 +-
 src/layers/flights/state.js                  |   7 +
 src/layers/flights/tracking.js               |  23 +-
 src/layers/military/clockFollow.js           |  40 +++
 src/layers/military/clockFollow.test.mjs     |  88 +++++
 src/layers/military/index.js                 |  23 +-
 src/layers/military/ingestion.js             | 162 +++++----
 src/layers/military/lifecycle.js             |   3 +
 src/layers/military/motion.js                |  18 +-
 src/layers/military/policy.js                |   9 +
 src/layers/military/queries.js               |   8 +-
 src/layers/military/records.js               |  28 +-
 src/layers/military/snapshotRenderer.js      |  41 ++-
 src/layers/military/state.js                 |   7 +
 src/layers/military/tracking.js              |  23 +-
 src/layers/vessels/clockFollow.test.mjs      | 177 ++++++++++
 src/layers/vessels/index.js                  |  27 ++
 src/layers/vessels/ingestion.js              |  63 +++-
 src/layers/vessels/lifecycle.js              |   3 +
 src/layers/vessels/motion.js                 |  62 ++++
 src/layers/vessels/motion.test.mjs           |  31 ++
 src/layers/vessels/policy.js                 |   5 +
 src/layers/vessels/queries.js                |   3 +
 src/layers/vessels/records.js                |  44 ++-
 src/layers/vessels/rendering.js              |  47 ++-
 src/layers/vessels/snapshotRenderer.js       |  14 +-
 src/layers/vessels/state.js                  |  18 +-
 src/layers/vessels/tracking.js               |  14 +-
 src/sources/live/contract.js                 |  37 +++
 src/sources/live/contract.test.mjs           |  39 +++
 src/sources/live/index.js                    |   2 +-
 src/time/snapshotTimeline.js                 | 329 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/time/snapshotTimeline.test.mjs           | 304 +++++++++++++++++
 src/time/worldClock.js                       |  18 +-
 src/time/worldClock.test.mjs                 |  21 ++
 src/ui/layerPanel.js                         |  13 +-
 49 files changed, 2185 insertions(+), 239 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/0-contacts-follow-world-clock.md
 create mode 100644 src/layers/flights/clockFollow.js
 create mode 100644 src/layers/flights/clockFollow.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/layers/military/clockFollow.js
 create mode 100644 src/layers/military/clockFollow.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/layers/vessels/clockFollow.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/layers/vessels/motion.js
 create mode 100644 src/layers/vessels/motion.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/time/snapshotTimeline.js
 create mode 100644 src/time/snapshotTimeline.test.mjs

diff --git a/changelog.d/0-contacts-follow-world-clock.md b/changelog.d/0-contacts-follow-world-clock.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f9a1d402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/0-contacts-follow-world-clock.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+- Flights, Military Flights and AIS Vessels follow the world clock when their
+  source declares a timeline, that is, can answer a snapshot at a given time
+  (`source.timeline`, read by `readSnapshotTimeline` from
+  `gods-eye-view/sources/live`). Away from live they show the snapshot at the
+  clock's time and move on with it as it plays; back at live they poll as
+  before. A source with no timeline keeps them live, unchanged (Sameh Khamis,
+  @samehkhamis, #PR).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 9a2f938e6..e1c47a347 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -1589,6 +1589,47 @@ messages; arbitrary HTTP response bodies are not surfaced as diagnostics.
 Sources receive cancellation signals and check them after body parsing. The
 layer's existing lifecycle and selection guards continue to reject late work.
 
+### Following the world clock
+
+A source may declare a timeline: it can answer a snapshot at a given time.
+`source.timeline` is `{ coverage(), stepMs, subscribe? }`, validated by
+`readSnapshotTimeline` (`src/sources/live/contract.js`): `coverage()` returns
+the span `{ start, end }` in epoch ms it can answer, or null while it does not
+know yet; `stepMs` is the spacing of its snapshots; the optional
+`subscribe(listener)` tells of a change in coverage. Flights, Military Flights
+and AIS Vessels follow the world clock only while their source declares one
+(`src/time/snapshotTimeline.js`); with none they never follow it, and every
+request, timing and display stays as it is live.
+
+While such a layer is on it follows the clock and registers the source's
+coverage on the timeline. At the live edge it polls as it always has. Away
+from it the layer stops polling and asks for `getSnapshot({ ...query, atMs })`
+at the step at or before the clock's time; a request at the live edge carries
+no `atMs`. A seek, the time going backwards or leaving live is a jump (the
+clock's `getState().jumps` counts seeks and returns to live, not play): what
+loads is dropped, play holds while the snapshot loads, and the snapshot then
+stands in for every contact. A contact it lacks is gone at once; a tracked or
+selected contact it lacks is released, and one it has starts its trail afresh,
+whose track request carries `atMs` and draws only points at or before it.
+Playing, the layer stays a snapshot ahead of the time, and play does not pass a
+snapshot still loading for more than 8 seconds. Those snapshots apply as polls
+do, so contacts move on smoothly: aircraft are drawn at the clock's time
+rather than behind it, and vessels between two fixes move along the great
+circle, never past the newer one. Records, absences and the Layers panel's age
+are judged at the clock's time. Outside the coverage the layer shows no
+contacts and loads nothing; while the coverage is unknown it loads nothing and
+clears nothing. A snapshot that fails clears the time and is asked again after
+5 seconds; one the source drops for a newer request (an `AbortError`) is no
+failure, and nothing is cleared. A layer has one snapshot loading at a time:
+the older is aborted before a newer starts. Moving the view while vessels follow the clock asks for the new
+area at the same time. Back at live the contacts are cleared and the layer
+polls at once.
+
+A snapshot at `atMs` describes the world as it stood then: `observedAtMs` is
+at or before `atMs`, no record is observed later than `atMs`, freshness and
+staleness are judged against `atMs`, `atMs` is echoed back, and a vessel
+snapshot reports `transportStatus: 'live'`.
+
 ## State and action outcomes
 
 Share preferences, place lookups and Scene playback expose immutable snapshots
diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index 7d41b8def..4945d49f1 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -1505,6 +1505,9 @@
       "src/layers/flights/tracking.js",
       "src/data/trailContinuity.js",
       "src/layers/flights/records.js",
+      "src/layers/flights/clockFollow.js",
+      "src/time/snapshotTimeline.js",
+      "src/sources/live/contract.js",
       "src/layers/flights/recordPolicy.js",
       "src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js",
       "src/layers/flights/modelSpec.js",
@@ -1560,6 +1563,9 @@
       "src/layers/military/controller.js",
       "src/layers/military/index.js",
       "src/layers/military/ingestion.js",
+      "src/layers/military/clockFollow.js",
+      "src/time/snapshotTimeline.js",
+      "src/sources/live/contract.js",
       "src/layers/military/lifecycle.js",
       "src/layers/military/motion.js",
       "src/layers/military/policy.js",
@@ -1634,6 +1640,10 @@
       "src/layers/vessels/evidence.js",
       "src/layers/vessels/index.js",
       "src/layers/vessels/ingestion.js",
+      "src/layers/vessels/motion.js",
+      "src/time/snapshotTimeline.js",
+      "src/time/worldClock.js",
+      "src/sources/live/contract.js",
       "src/layers/vessels/cameraArea.js",
       "src/layers/vessels/viewArea.js",
       "src/layers/vessels/lifecycle.js",
@@ -2782,6 +2792,8 @@
       "src/layers/flights/enrichment.js",
       "src/layers/flights/evidence.js",
       "src/layers/flights/index.js",
+      "src/layers/flights/clockFollow.js",
+      "src/time/snapshotTimeline.js",
       "src/layers/flights/ingestion.js",
       "src/layers/flights/lifecycle.js",
       "src/layers/flights/motion.js",
@@ -2823,6 +2835,7 @@
       "src/layers/launches/testing.js",
       "src/layers/military/controller.js",
       "src/layers/military/index.js",
+      "src/layers/military/clockFollow.js",
       "src/layers/military/ingestion.js",
       "src/layers/military/lifecycle.js",
       "src/layers/military/motion.js",
@@ -2905,6 +2918,7 @@
       "src/layers/vessels/cards.js",
       "src/layers/vessels/evidence.js",
       "src/layers/vessels/index.js",
+      "src/layers/vessels/motion.js",
       "src/layers/vessels/cameraArea.js",
       "src/layers/vessels/ingestion.js",
       "src/layers/vessels/viewArea.js",
@@ -3792,6 +3806,9 @@
       "src/layers/flights/enrichment.js",
       "src/layers/flights/evidence.js",
       "src/layers/flights/index.js",
+      "src/layers/flights/clockFollow.js",
+      "src/time/snapshotTimeline.js",
+      "src/sources/live/contract.js",
       "src/layers/flights/ingestion.js",
       "src/layers/flights/lifecycle.js",
       "src/layers/flights/motion.js",
@@ -3833,6 +3850,7 @@
       "src/layers/launches/testing.js",
       "src/layers/military/controller.js",
       "src/layers/military/index.js",
+      "src/layers/military/clockFollow.js",
       "src/layers/military/ingestion.js",
       "src/layers/military/lifecycle.js",
       "src/layers/military/motion.js",
@@ -3914,6 +3932,7 @@
       "src/layers/vessels/cards.js",
       "src/layers/vessels/evidence.js",
       "src/layers/vessels/index.js",
+      "src/layers/vessels/motion.js",
       "src/layers/vessels/cameraArea.js",
       "src/layers/vessels/ingestion.js",
       "src/layers/vessels/viewArea.js",
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/clockFollow.js b/src/layers/flights/clockFollow.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5413d99c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/flights/clockFollow.js
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/**
+ * What the layer drops when the world clock moves it to another time (its
+ * source declares a timeline; see src/time/snapshotTimeline.js).
+ */
+export function createClockFollow({ flightState, parts }) {
+  /**
+   * Forget how every contact moved, before the snapshot at another time takes
+   * the place of every contact: their fixes, courses, floors and the tracked
+   * trail belong to the time the clock left.
+   */
+  function resetMotion() {
+    flightState.records.reset();
+    flightState._positionHistory.clear();
+    flightState._displayCourse.clear();
+    flightState._groundSnap.clear();
+    flightState._displayFloorState.clear();
+    flightState._drReconcileValid = false;
+    flightState._cachedDRFrame = -1;
+    flightState._cachedDRPosition = null;
+    parts.tracking._clearTrail();
+    flightState._lastCamPoseSig = '';
+  }
+
+  /** Drop every contact: the time has none to show, or the clock went live. */
+  function clear() {
+    if (flightState._trackedIcao)
+      parts.tracking._clearTracking(false, { evicted: true });
+    resetMotion();
+    for (const [icao24, billboard] of flightState._billboards) {
+      flightState._billboardCollection?.remove(billboard);
+      parts.rendering._releaseModel(icao24);
+    }
+    flightState._billboards.clear();
+    flightState._cullPositions.clear();
+    flightState._detectionObjects.clear();
+    flightState.feed._count = 0;
+    flightState.feed._lastUpdate = null;
+  }
+
+  return { resetMotion, clear };
+}
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/clockFollow.test.mjs b/src/layers/flights/clockFollow.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a997c4ade
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/flights/clockFollow.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { FlightRecords } from './records.js';
+import { createIngestion } from './ingestion.js';
+import { createClockFollow } from './clockFollow.js';
+import { displayDelayMs, followsClock, RENDER_DELAY_SEC } from './policy.js';
+
+// Flights follow the world clock only while their source declares a timeline
+// (src/time/snapshotTimeline.js); these cover the layer's side of it.
+
+const T = 1_800_000_000_000;
+const following = { timeline: { active: () => true } };
+const live = { timeline: { active: () => false } };
+
+function records(now = () => T) {
+  return new FlightRecords({
+    geoidHeight: () => 0,
+    cachedGroundFloor: () => null,
+    floorAltitudeM: (altitude) => altitude,
+    now,
+  });
+}
+const view = () => ({
+  viewerLatDeg: null,
+  viewerLonDeg: null,
+  trackedId: null,
+  floorWarmPoints: [],
+});
+const observation = (fields = {}) => ({
+  id: 'abc123',
+  reference: 'abc123',
+  longitude: -77,
+  latitude: 39,
+  callsign: 'TEST1',
+  baroAltitudeM: 1000,
+  onGround: false,
+  speedMps: 120,
+  courseDeg: 90,
+  positionTimeMs: T - 5_000,
+  ...fields,
+});
+
+test('contacts are drawn behind the live edge, and at the time following the clock', () => {
+  assert.equal(displayDelayMs({ timeline: null }), RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000);
+  assert.equal(displayDelayMs({}), RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000);
+  assert.equal(displayDelayMs(live), RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000);
+  assert.equal(displayDelayMs(following), 0);
+  assert.equal(followsClock({}), false);
+  assert.equal(followsClock(following), true);
+});
+
+test('civil records judge absence and receipt at the layer clock', () => {
+  let now = T;
+  const store = records(() => now);
+  const { meta } = store.receive(observation({ positionTimeMs: null }), view());
+  assert.equal(meta.observedReceiptMs, T);
+  assert.equal(meta.newestFixMs, T, 'an undated fix is the clock time');
+  assert.equal(
+    store.absence('abc123', { complete: true, tracked: true }),
+    'stale',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    store.absence('abc123', {
+      complete: true,
+      tracked: true,
+      nowMs: T + 11 * 60_000,
+    }),
+    'remove',
+    'a given time judges retention',
+  );
+  store.receive(observation(), view());
+  now = T + 11 * 60_000;
+  assert.equal(
+    store.absence('abc123', { complete: true, tracked: true }),
+    'remove',
+    'the clock judges retention when no time is given',
+  );
+});
+
+test('a records reset forgets where airframes were and keeps what they are', () => {
+  const store = records();
+  const first = store.receive(observation(), view());
+  first.meta.typeCode = 'B738';
+  first.meta.registration = 'N123';
+  first.meta.photo = { src: 'photo.jpg' };
+  store.absence('abc123', { complete: true });
+  store.beginSnapshot(T);
+  store.reset();
+  assert.equal(store.data.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(store.missingPolls.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(store.lastSnapshotMs, null);
+  const again = store.receive(
+    observation({ positionTimeMs: T - 600_000, callsign: 'OTHER' }),
+    view(),
+  );
+  assert.equal(again.prevMeta, undefined, 'no motion carries across');
+  assert.equal(again.groundFlipped, false);
+  assert.equal(again.meta.typeCode, 'B738');
+  assert.equal(again.meta.registration, 'N123');
+  assert.equal(again.meta.photo.src, 'photo.jpg');
+  assert.equal(again.meta.newestFixMs, T - 600_000, 'an earlier fix applies');
+  store.forget('abc123');
+  assert.equal(store.airframes.size, 0);
+});
+
+function ingestion(source, { follows = false } = {}) {
+  const feed = {
+    _source: source,
+    _activeUpdateControllers: new Set(),
+    _trackingRefreshEpoch: 0,
+    _lastSource: 'Fixture',
+    _retryAt: 0,
+  };
+  const applied = [];
+  const state = { follows };
+  const { methods } = createIngestion({
+    feed,
+    getQuery: () => ({ latitude: 39 }),
+    applySnapshot: (snapshot, _viewer, options) => {
+      applied.push({ snapshot, options });
+      return { count: 1, ids: new Set() };
+    },
+    setSourceLabel: () => {},
+    applyPendingTrackingRestore: () => {},
+    followsClock: () => state.follows,
+  });
+  return { feed, applied, state, methods };
+}
+
+test('civil polls carry no time; a snapshot at a time carries it and replaces', async () => {
+  const queries = [];
+  const probe = ingestion({
+    async getSnapshot(query) {
+      queries.push(query);
+      return { records: [], observedAtMs: T - 60_000, freshness: 'current' };
+    },
+  });
+  await probe.methods.update(null);
+  assert.deepEqual(queries[0], { latitude: 39 });
+  assert.equal(probe.applied[0].options, undefined);
+  assert.equal(await probe.methods.loadAt(T - 60_000, { replace: true }), true);
+  assert.deepEqual(queries[1], { latitude: 39, atMs: T - 60_000 });
+  assert.deepEqual(probe.applied[1].options, { replace: true });
+  assert.equal(probe.feed._lastUpdate, T - 60_000);
+});
+
+test('following the clock, civil polls stop and a poll already out is dropped', async () => {
+  let release;
+  const probe = ingestion({
+    getSnapshot: () =>
+      new Promise((resolve) => {
+        release = resolve;
+      }),
+  });
+  const out = probe.methods.update(null);
+  probe.state.follows = true;
+  release({ records: [], observedAtMs: T, freshness: 'current' });
+  await out;
+  assert.equal(probe.applied.length, 0);
+  await probe.methods.update(null);
+  assert.equal(probe.applied.length, 0, 'no poll while following');
+});
+
+test('a failed snapshot at a time reports it without holding the live backoff', async () => {
+  const probe = ingestion({
+    async getSnapshot() {
+      throw Object.assign(new Error('nope'), { retryAfterMs: 60_000 });
+    },
+  });
+  assert.equal(await probe.methods.loadAt(T), false);
+  assert.equal(probe.feed._retryAt, 0);
+  assert.equal(probe.feed._lastError, 'Live data unavailable');
+});
+
+test('a jump forgets how contacts moved; clearing drops every contact', () => {
+  const calls = [];
+  const flightState = {
+    records: records(),
+    _positionHistory: new Map([['abc123', []]]),
+    _displayCourse: new Map([['abc123', 90]]),
+    _groundSnap: { clear: () => calls.push('ground') },
+    _displayFloorState: new Map([['abc123', {}]]),
+    _drReconcileValid: true,
+    _cachedDRFrame: 7,
+    _billboards: new Map([['abc123', { id: 'abc123' }]]),
+    _billboardCollection: { remove: () => calls.push('remove') },
+    _cullPositions: new Map([['abc123', null]]),
+    _detectionObjects: new Map([['abc123', {}]]),
+    _trackedIcao: 'abc123',
+    feed: { _count: 1, _lastUpdate: T },
+  };
+  const parts = {
+    tracking: {
+      _clearTrail: () => calls.push('trail'),
+      _clearTracking: (_skip, { evicted }) => {
+        calls.push(`untrack:${evicted}`);
+        flightState._trackedIcao = null;
+      },
+    },
+    rendering: { _releaseModel: (id) => calls.push(`model:${id}`) },
+  };
+  const follow = createClockFollow({ flightState, parts });
+  flightState.records.receive(observation(), view());
+  follow.resetMotion();
+  assert.equal(flightState.records.data.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(flightState._positionHistory.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(flightState._displayCourse.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(flightState._displayFloorState.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(flightState._drReconcileValid, false);
+  assert.equal(flightState._billboards.size, 1, 'contacts stay until replaced');
+  follow.clear();
+  assert.equal(flightState._billboards.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(flightState._detectionObjects.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(flightState.feed._count, 0);
+  assert.equal(flightState.feed._lastUpdate, null);
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('untrack:true'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('model:abc123'));
+});
+
+test('a snapshot at a time the source drops for a newer one sets no error', async () => {
+  const probe = ingestion({
+    async getSnapshot() {
+      throw new DOMException('Superseded', 'AbortError');
+    },
+  });
+  await assert.rejects(probe.methods.loadAt(T), { name: 'AbortError' });
+  assert.equal(probe.feed._lastError, undefined);
+  assert.equal(probe.feed._backoff, undefined);
+  assert.equal(probe.feed._retryAt, 0);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/index.js b/src/layers/flights/index.js
index f778c98b1..0261299dc 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/index.js
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ import { createLifecycle } from './lifecycle.js';
 import { createEvidence } from './evidence.js';
 import { createTesting } from './testing.js';
 import { createQueries } from './queries.js';
+import { createClockFollow } from './clockFollow.js';
+import { createSnapshotTimeline } from '../../time/snapshotTimeline.js';
+import { worldClock } from '../../time/worldClock.js';
 /** Compose one civil-flight layer with application-owned scene services. */
 export function createCivilFlightLayer({
   source,
@@ -29,6 +32,7 @@ export function createCivilFlightLayer({
   parts.evidence = createEvidence(context);
   parts.testing = createTesting(context);
   parts.queries = createQueries(context);
+  parts.clockFollow = createClockFollow(context);
   const applySnapshot = createFlightSnapshotRenderer({
     flightState,
     records: flightState.records,
@@ -45,7 +49,11 @@ export function createCivilFlightLayer({
     feed: flightState.feed,
     getQuery: (viewer) =>
       parts.controller._flightQuery(viewer || flightState._viewer),
-    applySnapshot,
+    applySnapshot: (snapshot, viewer, options) => {
+      if (options?.replace) parts.clockFollow.resetMotion();
+      return applySnapshot(snapshot, viewer, options);
+    },
+    followsClock: () => flightState.timeline.active(),
     setSourceLabel: (source) => {
       layer.source = source;
     },
@@ -53,6 +61,19 @@ export function createCivilFlightLayer({
       parts.tracking._applyPendingTrackingRestore(),
   });
 
+  // Contacts follow the world clock while the source declares a timeline.
+  flightState.timeline = createSnapshotTimeline({
+    id: 'flights',
+    clock: worldClock,
+    source: () => flightState.feed._source,
+    load: (atMs, { signal, replace }) =>
+      parts.ingestion.methods.loadAt(atMs, { signal, replace }),
+    clear: () => parts.clockFollow.clear(),
+    resumeLive: () => {
+      layer.update(flightState._viewer).catch(() => {});
+    },
+  });
+
   Object.assign(
     layer,
     parts.queries.methods,
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/ingestion.js b/src/layers/flights/ingestion.js
index 0e537a66f..5558c7b6f 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/ingestion.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/ingestion.js
@@ -11,85 +11,119 @@ export function createIngestion({
   applySnapshot,
   setSourceLabel,
   applyPendingTrackingRestore,
+  followsClock = () => false,
 }) {
   const methods = {
     async update(viewer, { signal = null } = {}) {
-      const nowMs = Date.now();
-      const trackingRefreshEpoch = ++feed._trackingRefreshEpoch;
+      // Following the world clock, the layer shows the snapshots loadAt
+      // applies; polling the live feed would put the live edge among them.
+      if (followsClock()) return;
+      await acquire(viewer, { signal });
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Apply the source's snapshot at world time `atMs` (its timeline says it
+     * can answer one), in place of every contact when `replace`. Resolves
+     * whether it was applied.
+     * @param {number} atMs
+     * @param {{signal?: AbortSignal|null, replace?: boolean, viewer?: object}} [options]
+     * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
+     */
+    async loadAt(atMs, { signal = null, replace = false, viewer = null } = {}) {
+      // Whatever polls or loads for another time no longer applies.
+      if (replace)
+        for (const controller of feed._activeUpdateControllers)
+          controller.abort();
+      return acquire(viewer, { signal, atMs, replace });
+    },
+  };
+
+  async function acquire(viewer, { signal = null, atMs, replace = false }) {
+    const nowMs = Date.now();
+    const timed = atMs !== undefined;
+    const trackingRefreshEpoch = ++feed._trackingRefreshEpoch;
+    feed._lastTrackingRefreshOutcome = {
+      epoch: trackingRefreshEpoch,
+      status: 'source-unavailable',
+      ids: new Set(),
+      source: feed._lastSource,
+      coverage: feed._lastCoverage,
+    };
+    if (!timed && feed._retryAt && nowMs < feed._retryAt) {
+      feed._backoff = true;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const resourceController = new AbortController();
+    feed._activeUpdateControllers.add(resourceController);
+    const updateSignal = signal
+      ? AbortSignal.any([signal, resourceController.signal])
+      : resourceController.signal;
+    try {
+      updateSignal.throwIfAborted();
+      const query = timed ? { ...getQuery(viewer), atMs } : getQuery(viewer);
+      const snapshot = await feed._source.getSnapshot(query, {
+        signal: updateSignal,
+      });
+      updateSignal.throwIfAborted();
+      // The clock left the live edge while this poll was out.
+      if (!timed && followsClock()) return;
+      feed._lastStatus = snapshot.status ?? 200;
+      const sourceEpochMs = snapshot.observedAtMs;
+      const sourceAgeMs = snapshot.ageMs;
+      const sourceStale = snapshot.stale || snapshot.freshness === 'unknown';
+      feed._backoff = sourceStale;
+      feed._retryAt = 0;
+      // i18n-ignore: English data; the panel shows it through FEED_ERROR_PATTERNS (ui/statusText.js)
+      feed._lastError = sourceStale
+        ? sourceAgeMs == null
+          ? msg('Source snapshot time unavailable')
+          : `Source snapshot ${Math.max(2, Math.round(sourceAgeMs / 60_000))} min old`
+        : null;
+      feed._lastSource = snapshot.source;
+      feed._lastCoverage = snapshot.coverage;
+      setSourceLabel(feed._lastSource);
+      const accepted = timed
+        ? applySnapshot(snapshot, viewer, { replace })
+        : applySnapshot(snapshot, viewer);
+      feed._count = accepted.count;
+      // Freshness belongs to the source snapshot, not the moment this browser
+      // received a cached 200 response.
+      feed._lastUpdate = sourceEpochMs;
       feed._lastTrackingRefreshOutcome = {
         epoch: trackingRefreshEpoch,
-        status: 'source-unavailable',
-        ids: new Set(),
+        status: 'accepted',
+        ids: accepted.ids,
         source: feed._lastSource,
         coverage: feed._lastCoverage,
       };
-      if (feed._retryAt && nowMs < feed._retryAt) {
-        feed._backoff = true;
-        return;
+      console.log(`[Data:Flights] Updated: ${feed._count} aircraft`);
+      applyPendingTrackingRestore();
+      return true;
+    } catch (e) {
+      if (updateSignal.aborted || e?.name === 'AbortError') {
+        throw new DOMException('Flights update aborted', 'AbortError');
       }
-
-      const resourceController = new AbortController();
-      feed._activeUpdateControllers.add(resourceController);
-      const updateSignal = signal
-        ? AbortSignal.any([signal, resourceController.signal])
-        : resourceController.signal;
-      try {
-        updateSignal.throwIfAborted();
-        const snapshot = await feed._source.getSnapshot(getQuery(viewer), {
-          signal: updateSignal,
-        });
-        updateSignal.throwIfAborted();
-        feed._lastStatus = snapshot.status ?? 200;
-        const sourceEpochMs = snapshot.observedAtMs;
-        const sourceAgeMs = snapshot.ageMs;
-        const sourceStale = snapshot.stale || snapshot.freshness === 'unknown';
-        feed._backoff = sourceStale;
-        feed._retryAt = 0;
-        // i18n-ignore: English data; the panel shows it through FEED_ERROR_PATTERNS (ui/statusText.js)
-        feed._lastError = sourceStale
-          ? sourceAgeMs == null
-            ? msg('Source snapshot time unavailable')
-            : `Source snapshot ${Math.max(2, Math.round(sourceAgeMs / 60_000))} min old`
-          : null;
-        feed._lastSource = snapshot.source;
-        feed._lastCoverage = snapshot.coverage;
-        setSourceLabel(feed._lastSource);
-        const accepted = applySnapshot(snapshot, viewer);
-        feed._count = accepted.count;
-        // Freshness belongs to the source snapshot, not the moment this browser
-        // received a cached 200 response.
-        feed._lastUpdate = sourceEpochMs;
-        feed._lastTrackingRefreshOutcome = {
-          epoch: trackingRefreshEpoch,
-          status: 'accepted',
-          ids: accepted.ids,
-          source: feed._lastSource,
-          coverage: feed._lastCoverage,
-        };
-        console.log(`[Data:Flights] Updated: ${feed._count} aircraft`);
-        applyPendingTrackingRestore();
-      } catch (e) {
-        if (updateSignal.aborted || e?.name === 'AbortError') {
-          throw new DOMException('Flights update aborted', 'AbortError');
-        }
-        console.warn('[Data:Flights] Fetch error:', e);
-        feed._backoff = true;
+      console.warn('[Data:Flights] Fetch error:', e);
+      feed._backoff = true;
+      // A snapshot at a time is asked again by the clock's follower.
+      if (!timed)
         feed._retryAt =
           Date.now() + (e?.retryAfterMs ?? ERROR_BACKOFF_INTERVAL);
-        feed._lastStatus = e?.status ?? null;
-        if (e?.source) {
-          feed._lastSource = e.source;
-          setSourceLabel(feed._lastSource);
-        }
-        feed._lastError =
-          e?.name === 'LiveSourceError'
-            ? e.message
-            : msg('Live data unavailable');
-      } finally {
-        feed._activeUpdateControllers.delete(resourceController);
+      feed._lastStatus = e?.status ?? null;
+      if (e?.source) {
+        feed._lastSource = e.source;
+        setSourceLabel(feed._lastSource);
       }
-    },
-  };
+      feed._lastError =
+        e?.name === 'LiveSourceError'
+          ? e.message
+          : msg('Live data unavailable');
+      return false;
+    } finally {
+      feed._activeUpdateControllers.delete(resourceController);
+    }
+  }
 
   return { methods };
 }
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/lifecycle.js b/src/layers/flights/lifecycle.js
index 87e3e356a..adfb11cc4 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/lifecycle.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/lifecycle.js
@@ -190,6 +190,7 @@ export function createLifecycle({
         );
       }
       restoreSpriteOrderOnEnable('flights', viewer);
+      flightState.timeline?.start();
     },
 
     /**
@@ -198,6 +199,7 @@ export function createLifecycle({
      * @param {Cesium.Viewer} viewer
      */
     disable(viewer) {
+      flightState.timeline?.stop();
       parts.controller._abortActiveUpdates();
       parts.tracking._cancelPendingTrackingRestore();
       if (flightState._billboardCollection)
@@ -240,6 +242,7 @@ export function createLifecycle({
      * @param {Cesium.Viewer} viewer
      */
     destroy(viewer) {
+      flightState.timeline?.stop();
       flightState.lifetime.abort();
       flightState._enrichActive = 0;
       flightState._enrichLastDispatchMs = 0;
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/motion.js b/src/layers/flights/motion.js
index ecfb26d7f..637da2bb6 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/motion.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/motion.js
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import {
 } from '../../data/modelVisualAnchor.js';
 import {
   FOCUS_EVIDENCE_DEV,
-  RENDER_DELAY_SEC,
   TRACKED_MODEL_MAX_PX,
   TRACKED_MODEL_MIN_PX,
   TRACKED_BILLBOARD_SCALE_BY_DISTANCE,
@@ -39,6 +38,8 @@ import {
   DISPLAY_CORRIDOR_LOOKAHEAD_SEC,
   DISPLAY_CORRIDOR_CELL_BUDGET,
   DISPLAY_CORRIDOR_FAIR_SHARE,
+  displayDelayMs,
+  followsClock,
 } from './policy.js';
 
 /** Half a coarse floor cell (0.001°), less a margin so rounding keeps a
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ export function createMotion({
       sampledRenderTime ??
       Cesium.JulianDate.addSeconds(
         julianAt(flightState.now(), flightState._scratchRenderTime),
-        -RENDER_DELAY_SEC,
+        -displayDelayMs(flightState) / 1000,
         flightState._scratchRenderTime,
       );
 
@@ -320,7 +321,7 @@ export function createMotion({
       ? newest.epochMs
       : Cesium.JulianDate.toDate(newest.time).getTime();
     const elapsedSec =
-      (flightState.now() - RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000 - newestMs) / 1000;
+      (flightState.now() - displayDelayMs(flightState) - newestMs) / 1000;
     if (!(elapsedSec > 0)) return null;
     const { coastSec, holds } = _coastPlan(
       newest,
@@ -415,7 +416,7 @@ export function createMotion({
     if (!history || history.length === 0) return true;
     const renderTime = Cesium.JulianDate.addSeconds(
       julianAt(flightState.now()),
-      -RENDER_DELAY_SEC,
+      -displayDelayMs(flightState) / 1000,
       flightState._scratchWarmupTime,
     );
     return Cesium.JulianDate.lessThan(renderTime, history[0].time);
@@ -499,9 +500,15 @@ export function createMotion({
     }
 
     const nowMs = Date.now();
+    // How far the contact may move between frames goes by the world's time,
+    // which plays faster than the wall clock when following it at a rate.
+    const worldMs = followsClock(flightState) ? flightState.now() : nowMs;
     const info = flightState.records.data.get(icao24);
     if (sameTrack) {
-      const dtSec = Math.max(0.001, (nowMs - flightState._drPrevMs) / 1000);
+      const dtSec = Math.max(
+        0.001,
+        (worldMs - flightState._drPrevWorldMs) / 1000,
+      );
       const speed = (info && info.velocity) || 0;
       // Plausible single-frame motion (m): real velocity × frame Δt, ×4 slack + 25 m base.
       const plausible = speed * dtSec * 4 + 25;
@@ -549,6 +556,7 @@ export function createMotion({
     Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(raw, flightState._drPrevRaw);
     Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(display, flightState._drPrevDisplay);
     flightState._drPrevMs = nowMs;
+    flightState._drPrevWorldMs = worldMs;
     flightState._drReconcileValid = true;
     flightState._cachedDRPosition = display;
     const focusSizePx = _trackedFocusSizePx(
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/policy.js b/src/layers/flights/policy.js
index 2e450d6d5..58d6a86ea 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/policy.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/policy.js
@@ -147,6 +147,15 @@ export const TRAIL_MAX_POINTS = 2000;
 
 export const RENDER_DELAY_SEC = 30;
 
+/** Whether the layer shows the world clock's time instead of the live feed:
+ *  its source declares a timeline and the clock is away from live. */
+export const followsClock = (state) => state.timeline?.active() === true;
+
+/** How far behind the time contacts are drawn: RENDER_DELAY_SEC live, none
+ *  following the clock, whose snapshots are loaded ahead of the time. */
+export const displayDelayMs = (state) =>
+  followsClock(state) ? 0 : RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000;
+
 /** @constant {number} Polls an aircraft may miss before removal (transient OpenSky dropouts). */
 
 // --- Landed-plane fast cull (owner field report 2026-07-02: "phantom" planes
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/queries.js b/src/layers/flights/queries.js
index a696238dc..3c00b1824 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/queries.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/queries.js
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import {
   LANDED_SPEED_MAX_MPS,
   FOCUS_EVIDENCE_DEV,
   FLEET_DR_INTERVAL_MS,
+  followsClock,
 } from './policy.js';
 import { emergencyBroadcastPhrase } from '../../data/aircraftEmergency.js';
 
@@ -986,6 +987,8 @@ export function createQueries({
         retryInSec,
         source: flightState.feed._lastSource,
         coverage: flightState.feed._lastCoverage,
+        // Following the world clock, the snapshot's age is told from its time.
+        ...(followsClock(flightState) && { atMs: flightState.now() }),
       };
     },
   };
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/records.js b/src/layers/flights/records.js
index 2636ed47a..63cc6f5f5 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/records.js
@@ -16,13 +16,22 @@ import {
 
 /** Source-independent aircraft metadata and bounded missing-poll retention. */
 export class FlightRecords {
-  constructor({ geoidHeight, cachedGroundFloor, floorAltitudeM }) {
+  constructor({
+    geoidHeight,
+    cachedGroundFloor,
+    floorAltitudeM,
+    now = () => Date.now(),
+  }) {
     this.services = {
       geoidHeight,
       cachedGroundFloor,
       floorAltitudeM,
     };
+    /** The time records are judged at: the layer's clock. */
+    this.now = now;
     this.data = new Map();
+    // Facts about an airframe, not a moment, kept across a reset.
+    this.airframes = new Map();
     this.missingPolls = new Map();
     // Contacts whose last poll re-sent a fix no newer than the one before.
     this.fixRepeated = new Set();
@@ -90,6 +99,9 @@ export class FlightRecords {
     // regressing to the ICAO hex / a 0° (north) heading. Bounded by the
     // MISSING_POLL_LIMIT eviction below, which deletes the whole entry.
     const prevMeta = this.data.get(icao24);
+    // The airframe's facts: this record's, or those kept across a reset.
+    const airframe = prevMeta ?? this.airframes.get(icao24);
+    this.airframes.delete(icao24);
     // Grounded planes with no baro reading sit at 0 m, not the 10 km
     // airborne default (a parked plane must never float).
     // NOTE (height-datum fix): `alt` stays the AVIATION field — the sticky
@@ -244,16 +256,16 @@ export class FlightRecords {
     // A route (and its airline) belongs to the callsign it was looked up for;
     // a new callsign drops it, so an old flight's route never shows under it.
     const routeHeld =
-      Boolean(prevMeta?.routeCallsign) &&
-      prevMeta.routeCallsign === nextCallsign.toUpperCase();
+      Boolean(airframe?.routeCallsign) &&
+      airframe.routeCallsign === nextCallsign.toUpperCase();
     const fixEpochMs =
       Number.isFinite(observation.positionTimeMs) &&
       observation.positionTimeMs > 0
         ? observation.positionTimeMs
-        : Date.now();
+        : this.now();
     const meta = {
       sourceReference: observation.reference,
-      observedReceiptMs: Date.now(),
+      observedReceiptMs: this.now(),
       newestFixMs: this._noteFix(icao24, prevMeta, fixEpochMs),
       callsign: nextCallsign,
       altitude: alt,
@@ -273,7 +285,7 @@ export class FlightRecords {
       category: cat,
       // An adsbdb-enriched type code outranks the coarse OpenSky category.
       klass: classifyAircraft({
-        typeCode: prevMeta?.typeCode ?? null,
+        typeCode: airframe?.typeCode ?? null,
         category: cat,
       }),
       turnRateDps: prevMeta?.turnRateDps || 0,
@@ -308,14 +320,14 @@ export class FlightRecords {
         null,
       ),
       // adsbdb enrichment — written by the enrichment callbacks, carried across polls:
-      typeCode: prevMeta?.typeCode ?? null,
-      typeName: prevMeta?.typeName ?? null,
-      registration: prevMeta?.registration ?? null,
-      airline: routeHeld ? (prevMeta.airline ?? null) : null,
-      route: routeHeld ? (prevMeta.route ?? null) : null,
-      routeCallsign: routeHeld ? prevMeta.routeCallsign : null,
+      typeCode: airframe?.typeCode ?? null,
+      typeName: airframe?.typeName ?? null,
+      registration: airframe?.registration ?? null,
+      airline: routeHeld ? (airframe.airline ?? null) : null,
+      route: routeHeld ? (airframe.route ?? null) : null,
+      routeCallsign: routeHeld ? airframe.routeCallsign : null,
       // Planespotters photo of the tracked airframe (Core asks it directly).
-      photo: prevMeta?.photo ?? null,
+      photo: airframe?.photo ?? null,
       // The RAW poll fix lat/lon (this tick's OpenSky state-vector
       // coords, pre-dead-reckon) — kept distinct from the continuously
       // dead-reckoned billboard position for any consumer that needs the
@@ -328,7 +340,10 @@ export class FlightRecords {
     return { icao24, prevMeta, meta, groundFlipped, fixEpochMs };
   }
 
-  absence(id, { complete, retainIds, likelyLanded, tracked = false }) {
+  absence(
+    id,
+    { complete, retainIds, likelyLanded, tracked = false, nowMs = this.now() },
+  ) {
     const misses = (this.missingPolls.get(id) || 0) + 1;
     // The tracked contact has missed an update: it is stale from the first
     // one, and kept (so the camera keeps its target) until ten minutes after
@@ -337,7 +352,7 @@ export class FlightRecords {
     const meta = this.data.get(id);
     const fixMs = meta?.newestFixMs ?? meta?.observedReceiptMs;
     if (tracked && Number.isFinite(fixMs)) {
-      if (Date.now() - fixMs < TRACKED_RETENTION_MS) {
+      if (nowMs - fixMs < TRACKED_RETENTION_MS) {
         this.missingPolls.set(id, misses);
         return 'stale';
       }
@@ -349,7 +364,7 @@ export class FlightRecords {
     // still takes the landed limit.
     if (
       (!complete || (retainIds?.has(id) && !likelyLanded)) &&
-      Date.now() - (this.data.get(id)?.observedReceiptMs ?? 0) < 300000
+      nowMs - (this.data.get(id)?.observedReceiptMs ?? 0) < 300000
     )
       return 'retain';
     const limit = likelyLanded ? LANDED_MISSING_POLL_LIMIT : MISSING_POLL_LIMIT;
@@ -361,8 +376,33 @@ export class FlightRecords {
     return 'remove';
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Forget every observation, as when the world clock jumps to another time:
+   * what an airframe is (its type, registration, route and photo) is kept for
+   * when it is seen again; where it was and when is not.
+   */
+  reset() {
+    for (const [id, meta] of this.data) {
+      this.airframes.set(id, {
+        typeCode: meta.typeCode,
+        typeName: meta.typeName,
+        registration: meta.registration,
+        airline: meta.airline,
+        route: meta.route,
+        routeCallsign: meta.routeCallsign,
+        photo: meta.photo,
+      });
+    }
+    this.data.clear();
+    this.missingPolls.clear();
+    this.fixRepeated.clear();
+    this.lastSnapshotMs = null;
+    this.snapshotAdvanced = true;
+  }
+
   forget(id) {
     this.data.delete(id);
+    this.airframes.delete(id);
     this.missingPolls.delete(id);
     this.fixRepeated.delete(id);
     this.geoidNCache.delete(id);
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/rendering.js b/src/layers/flights/rendering.js
index dfc46a553..bf8dbb5ee 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/rendering.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/rendering.js
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ import {
   TRACKED_MODEL_MIN_PX,
   TRACKED_MODEL_MAX_PX,
   FLEET_DR_INTERVAL_MS,
-  RENDER_DELAY_SEC,
   COURSE_SLEW_DT_MAX_SEC,
   ROTATION_REFRESH_MS,
   COURSE_MAX_DPS,
   HIDDEN_CONTACT_DR_TICKS,
   hiddenContactDrPhase,
   STALE_ALPHA,
+  displayDelayMs,
 } from './policy.js';
 import { AIRCRAFT_ENVIRONMENT_MAP_OPTIONS } from '../../data/aircraftModelLighting.js';
 
@@ -895,7 +895,7 @@ export function createRendering({
     // Every contact in this pass shares the same delayed display instant.
     const renderTime = Cesium.JulianDate.addSeconds(
       julianAt(flightState.now(), flightState._scratchFleetRenderTime),
-      -RENDER_DELAY_SEC,
+      -displayDelayMs(flightState) / 1000,
       flightState._scratchFleetRenderTime,
     );
 
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js b/src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js
index 1ef928562..5219dcb09 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/snapshotRenderer.js
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
 } from '../../data/motionModel.js';
 import { aircraftIcon } from '../../data/aircraftIcons.js';
 import { POSITION_HISTORY_LIMIT } from './recordPolicy.js';
+import { followsClock } from './policy.js';
 
 /** Apply reconciled aircraft records to Cesium resources and follow state. */
 export function createFlightSnapshotRenderer({
@@ -25,7 +26,11 @@ export function createFlightSnapshotRenderer({
   const { refreshMilitaryRegistryIfStale, isMilitaryIcao } = militaryRegistry;
   const { warmGroundFloor, cachedGroundFloor } = groundFloor;
   const { sampleMeshFloorCells } = meshFloor;
-  return function applySnapshot(snapshot, viewer) {
+  /**
+   * `replace`: the snapshot is the world at another time (the world clock
+   * jumped), so it stands in for every contact: one it lacks is gone at once.
+   */
+  return function applySnapshot(snapshot, viewer, { replace = false } = {}) {
     const currentIcaos = new Set();
     const acceptedSnapshotIcaos = new Set();
     // Field-test round 3 (2026-07-06, Austin fleet-underground): viewer
@@ -153,7 +158,10 @@ export function createFlightSnapshotRenderer({
         });
         if (kinematicsChanged && !holds) {
           const synthetic = synthesizeForwardKinematicsFix(newest, {
-            epochMs: Date.now(),
+            // Following the clock, the snapshot's time is the moment it moves on from.
+            epochMs: followsClock(flightState)
+              ? snapshot.observedAtMs
+              : Date.now(),
             velocity: meta.velocity,
             track: meta.true_track,
             turnRateDps: meta.turnRateDps,
@@ -263,12 +271,15 @@ export function createFlightSnapshotRenderer({
     // feed gap, and the full grace left phantom planes parked at airports.
     for (const [icao24, bb] of flightState._billboards) {
       if (currentIcaos.has(icao24)) continue;
-      const absence = records.absence(icao24, {
-        complete: snapshot.complete,
-        retainIds: snapshot.retainIds,
-        likelyLanded: queries._likelyLanded(icao24),
-        tracked: icao24 === flightState._trackedIcao,
-      });
+      const absence = replace
+        ? 'remove'
+        : records.absence(icao24, {
+            complete: snapshot.complete,
+            retainIds: snapshot.retainIds,
+            likelyLanded: queries._likelyLanded(icao24),
+            tracked: icao24 === flightState._trackedIcao,
+            nowMs: flightState.now?.(),
+          });
       if (absence === 'retain') continue;
       if (absence === 'stale') {
         if (icao24 === flightState._trackedIcao && flightState._trackedEntity) {
@@ -302,6 +313,14 @@ export function createFlightSnapshotRenderer({
       flightState._displayFloorState.delete(icao24);
     }
 
+    // The tracked contact at the new time: its trail starts there.
+    if (
+      replace &&
+      flightState._trackedIcao &&
+      currentIcaos.has(flightState._trackedIcao)
+    )
+      tracking._startTrail(flightState._trackedIcao);
+
     // Fresh courses arrived — force a rotation pass on the next fleet tick
     flightState._lastCamPoseSig = '';
 
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/state.js b/src/layers/flights/state.js
index 4b58f54fb..fd77dc113 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/state.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/state.js
@@ -11,10 +11,14 @@ export function createFlightState({ source, services }) {
   flightState.records = new FlightRecords({
     ...services.geoid,
     ...services.groundFloor,
+    now: () => flightState.now(),
   });
   flightState._cullPositions = new Map();
   /** The time contacts are drawn behind by the render delay, in epoch ms. */
   flightState.now = worldTimeFor('flights');
+  /** Follows the world clock while the source declares a timeline (set by the
+   *  layer); see followsClock and displayDelayMs in policy.js. */
+  flightState.timeline = null;
 
   /** Per-class model spec. Hangar-fleet classes (CLASS_MODEL_REAL) ship GLBs
    *  vertex-baked to real-world METERS in the airplane.glb axis convention, so
@@ -385,6 +389,9 @@ export function createFlightState({ source, services }) {
 
   flightState._drPrevMs = 0;
 
+  /** World time of that frame: the wall clock live, the cursor following the clock. */
+  flightState._drPrevWorldMs = 0;
+
   flightState._drReconcileValid = false;
 
   /** @type {string|null} icao the reconciliation state currently belongs to */
diff --git a/src/layers/flights/tracking.js b/src/layers/flights/tracking.js
index a4faa8329..f01ccc45a 100644
--- a/src/layers/flights/tracking.js
+++ b/src/layers/flights/tracking.js
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ import {
   TRACKED_MODEL_RETRY_BACKOFF_MS,
   TRAIL_MAX_POINTS,
   DR_CORRECTION_MS,
-  RENDER_DELAY_SEC,
   TRAIL_COLOR,
   CYAN_TRANSPARENT,
   STALE_ALPHA,
+  displayDelayMs,
+  followsClock,
 } from './policy.js';
 import {
   drawTrailSegments,
@@ -376,7 +377,7 @@ export function createTracking({
       TRAIL_MAX_POINTS,
       {
         nullAltitude,
-        displayMs: flightState.now() - RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000,
+        displayMs: flightState.now() - displayDelayMs(flightState),
         settleMs: DR_CORRECTION_MS,
       },
     );
@@ -392,7 +393,7 @@ export function createTracking({
 
   function _trailTick() {
     if (!flightState._trackedIcao || !flightState._trail) return;
-    const displayMs = flightState.now() - RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000;
+    const displayMs = flightState.now() - displayDelayMs(flightState);
     let changed = false;
     if (
       flightState._trailFixes.length &&
@@ -458,7 +459,7 @@ export function createTracking({
       flightState._trailFixes,
       trailBodyCount(
         flightState._trailFixes,
-        flightState.now() - RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000,
+        flightState.now() - displayDelayMs(flightState),
       ),
       parts.motion._trackedModelCenterWorld(),
       parts.motion._trackedModelEnvelopeM(),
@@ -587,15 +588,16 @@ export function createTracking({
 
   async function _backfillTrail(icao24, token, oldestFixEpochSec) {
     let path = null;
+    // Following the world clock, the track ends at the world's time.
+    const atMs = followsClock(flightState) ? flightState.now() : undefined;
     try {
+      const signal = AbortSignal.any([
+        flightState.lifetime.signal,
+        AbortSignal.timeout(8000),
+      ]);
       const track = await flightState.feed._source.getTrack?.(
         flightState.records.data.get(icao24)?.sourceReference ?? icao24,
-        {
-          signal: AbortSignal.any([
-            flightState.lifetime.signal,
-            AbortSignal.timeout(8000),
-          ]),
-        },
+        atMs === undefined ? { signal } : { signal, atMs },
       );
       path = track?.records ?? null;
     } catch {
@@ -625,6 +627,7 @@ export function createTracking({
       } = waypoint;
       const time = observedAtMs / 1000;
       if (!Number.isFinite(lat) || !Number.isFinite(lon)) continue;
+      if (atMs !== undefined && !(observedAtMs <= atMs)) continue;
       if (!Number.isFinite(time) || time >= oldestFixEpochSec) continue;
       parsed.push({
         lat,
diff --git a/src/layers/military/clockFollow.js b/src/layers/military/clockFollow.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f120a54ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/military/clockFollow.js
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * What the layer drops when the world clock moves it to another time (its
+ * source declares a timeline; see src/time/snapshotTimeline.js).
+ */
+export function createClockFollow({ flightState, parts }) {
+  /**
+   * Forget how every contact moved, before the snapshot at another time takes
+   * the place of every contact: their fixes, courses and the tracked trail
+   * belong to the time the clock left.
+   */
+  function resetMotion() {
+    flightState.records.reset();
+    flightState._positionHistory.clear();
+    flightState._displayCourse.clear();
+    flightState._groundSnap.clear();
+    flightState._drReconcileValid = false;
+    flightState._cachedDRFrame = -1;
+    flightState._cachedDRPosition = null;
+    parts.tracking._clearTrail();
+    flightState._lastCamPoseSig = '';
+  }
+
+  /** Drop every contact: the time has none to show, or the clock went live. */
+  function clear() {
+    if (flightState._trackedIcao)
+      parts.tracking._clearTracking(false, { evicted: true });
+    resetMotion();
+    for (const [icao24, billboard] of flightState._billboards) {
+      flightState._billboardCollection?.remove(billboard);
+      parts.rendering._releaseModel(icao24);
+    }
+    flightState._billboards.clear();
+    flightState._cullPositions.clear();
+    flightState._detectionObjects.clear();
+    flightState.feed._count = 0;
+    flightState.feed._lastUpdate = null;
+  }
+
+  return { resetMotion, clear };
+}
diff --git a/src/layers/military/clockFollow.test.mjs b/src/layers/military/clockFollow.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c9e335a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/military/clockFollow.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { MilitaryFlightRecords } from './records.js';
+import { createIngestion, createMilitaryFeed } from './ingestion.js';
+import { displayDelayMs, RENDER_DELAY_SEC } from './policy.js';
+
+// Military aircraft follow the world clock only while their source declares
+// a timeline (src/time/snapshotTimeline.js); these cover the layer's side.
+
+const T = 1_800_000_000_000;
+
+test('military contacts are drawn behind the live edge, and at the time following the clock', () => {
+  assert.equal(displayDelayMs({ timeline: null }), RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000);
+  assert.equal(displayDelayMs({ timeline: { active: () => false } }), 15_000);
+  assert.equal(displayDelayMs({ timeline: { active: () => true } }), 0);
+});
+
+test('military records judge absence at the layer clock and reset at a jump', () => {
+  let now = T;
+  const store = new MilitaryFlightRecords({
+    geoidHeight: () => 0,
+    cachedGroundFloor: () => null,
+    floorAltitudeM: (altitude) => altitude,
+    now: () => now,
+  });
+  const { meta } = store.receive(
+    {
+      id: 'ae0001',
+      reference: 'ae0001',
+      latitude: 39,
+      longitude: -77,
+      baroAltitudeM: 3000,
+      onGround: false,
+      positionTimeMs: T - 1_000,
+    },
+    { observedAtMs: T, floorWarmPoints: [] },
+  );
+  assert.equal(meta.observedReceiptMs, T);
+  assert.equal(
+    store.absence('ae0001', { complete: true, tracked: true }),
+    'stale',
+  );
+  now = T + 11 * 60_000;
+  assert.equal(
+    store.absence('ae0001', { complete: true, tracked: true }),
+    'remove',
+  );
+  store.receive(
+    { id: 'ae0001', latitude: 39, longitude: -77, positionTimeMs: T },
+    { observedAtMs: T, floorWarmPoints: [] },
+  );
+  store.absence('ae0001', { complete: true });
+  store.reset();
+  assert.equal(store.data.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(store.missingPolls.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(store.lastSnapshotMs, null);
+});
+
+test('military polls carry no time; a snapshot at a time carries it, and polls stop following', async () => {
+  const queries = [];
+  const applied = [];
+  let follows = false;
+  const feed = createMilitaryFeed({
+    async getSnapshot(query) {
+      queries.push(query);
+      return { records: [], observedAtMs: T, freshness: 'current' };
+    },
+  });
+  const { methods } = createIngestion({
+    feed,
+    applySnapshot: (_snapshot, _viewer, options) => {
+      applied.push(options);
+      return { count: 0, ids: new Set() };
+    },
+    setSourceLabel: () => {},
+    applyPendingTrackingRestore: () => {},
+    followsClock: () => follows,
+  });
+  await methods.update(null);
+  assert.deepEqual(queries, [{}]);
+  assert.deepEqual(applied, [undefined]);
+  follows = true;
+  await methods.update(null);
+  assert.equal(queries.length, 1, 'no poll while following');
+  assert.equal(await methods.loadAt(T, { replace: true }), true);
+  assert.deepEqual(queries[1], { atMs: T });
+  assert.deepEqual(applied[1], { replace: true });
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/military/index.js b/src/layers/military/index.js
index 53a1a25b4..acc975358 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/index.js
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ import { createIngestion } from './ingestion.js';
 import { createLifecycle } from './lifecycle.js';
 import { createTesting } from './testing.js';
 import { createQueries } from './queries.js';
+import { createClockFollow } from './clockFollow.js';
+import { createSnapshotTimeline } from '../../time/snapshotTimeline.js';
+import { worldClock } from '../../time/worldClock.js';
 /** Compose one military-flight layer with application-owned scene services. */
 export function createMilitaryFlightLayer({
   source,
@@ -25,6 +28,7 @@ export function createMilitaryFlightLayer({
   parts.lifecycle = createLifecycle(context);
   parts.testing = createTesting(context);
   parts.queries = createQueries(context);
+  parts.clockFollow = createClockFollow(context);
   const applySnapshot = createMilitarySnapshotRenderer({
     flightState,
     records: flightState.records,
@@ -38,7 +42,11 @@ export function createMilitaryFlightLayer({
   });
   parts.ingestion = createIngestion({
     feed: flightState.feed,
-    applySnapshot,
+    applySnapshot: (snapshot, viewer, options) => {
+      if (options?.replace) parts.clockFollow.resetMotion();
+      return applySnapshot(snapshot, viewer, options);
+    },
+    followsClock: () => flightState.timeline.active(),
     setSourceLabel: (source) => {
       layer.source = source;
     },
@@ -46,6 +54,19 @@ export function createMilitaryFlightLayer({
       parts.tracking._applyPendingTrackingRestore(),
   });
 
+  // Contacts follow the world clock while the source declares a timeline.
+  flightState.timeline = createSnapshotTimeline({
+    id: 'military',
+    clock: worldClock,
+    source: () => flightState.feed._source,
+    load: (atMs, { signal, replace }) =>
+      parts.ingestion.methods.loadAt(atMs, { signal, replace }),
+    clear: () => parts.clockFollow.clear(),
+    resumeLive: () => {
+      layer.update(flightState._viewer).catch(() => {});
+    },
+  });
+
   Object.assign(
     layer,
     parts.queries.methods,
diff --git a/src/layers/military/ingestion.js b/src/layers/military/ingestion.js
index 9777b1831..af4697db2 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/ingestion.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/ingestion.js
@@ -10,78 +10,110 @@ export function createIngestion({
   applySnapshot,
   setSourceLabel,
   applyPendingTrackingRestore,
+  followsClock = () => false,
 }) {
   const methods = {
     async update(viewer, { signal = null } = {}) {
-      const nowMs = Date.now();
-      const trackingRefreshEpoch = ++feed._trackingRefreshEpoch;
-      feed._lastTrackingRefreshOutcome = {
-        epoch: trackingRefreshEpoch,
-        status: 'source-unavailable',
-        ids: new Set(),
-        source: feed._lastSource,
-      };
-      if (feed._retryAt && nowMs < feed._retryAt) {
-        feed._backoff = true;
-        return;
-      }
+      // Following the world clock, the layer shows the snapshots loadAt
+      // applies; polling the live feed would put the live edge among them.
+      if (followsClock()) return;
+      await acquire(viewer, { signal });
+    },
 
-      const resourceController = new AbortController();
-      feed._activeUpdateControllers.add(resourceController);
-      const updateSignal = signal
-        ? AbortSignal.any([signal, resourceController.signal])
-        : resourceController.signal;
-      try {
-        updateSignal.throwIfAborted();
-        const snapshot = await feed._source.getSnapshot(
-          {},
-          { signal: updateSignal },
-        );
-        updateSignal.throwIfAborted();
-        feed._lastStatus = snapshot.status ?? 200;
-        feed._lastSource = snapshot.source;
-        setSourceLabel(feed._lastSource);
-        feed._backoff = snapshot.stale || snapshot.freshness === 'unknown';
-        feed._retryAt = 0;
-        feed._lastError =
-          snapshot.reason ||
-          (snapshot.freshness === 'unknown'
-            ? msg('Source snapshot time unavailable')
-            : null);
-        const accepted = applySnapshot(snapshot, viewer);
-        feed._count = accepted.count;
-        feed._lastUpdate = snapshot.observedAtMs;
-        feed._lastTrackingRefreshOutcome = {
-          epoch: trackingRefreshEpoch,
-          status: 'accepted',
-          ids: accepted.ids,
-          source: feed._lastSource,
-        };
-        console.log(`[Data:Military] Updated: ${feed._count} aircraft`);
-        applyPendingTrackingRestore();
-      } catch (e) {
-        if (updateSignal.aborted || e?.name === 'AbortError') {
-          throw new DOMException('Military update aborted', 'AbortError');
-        }
-        console.warn('[Data:Military] Fetch error:', e);
-        feed._backoff = true;
-        feed._retryAt =
-          Date.now() + (e?.retryAfterMs ?? ERROR_BACKOFF_INTERVAL);
-        feed._lastStatus = e?.status ?? null;
-        if (e?.source) {
-          feed._lastSource = e.source;
-          setSourceLabel(feed._lastSource);
-        }
-        feed._lastError =
-          e?.name === 'LiveSourceError'
-            ? e.message
-            : msg('Live data unavailable');
-      } finally {
-        feed._activeUpdateControllers.delete(resourceController);
-      }
+    /**
+     * Apply the source's snapshot at world time `atMs` (its timeline says it
+     * can answer one), in place of every contact when `replace`. Resolves
+     * whether it was applied.
+     * @param {number} atMs
+     * @param {{signal?: AbortSignal|null, replace?: boolean, viewer?: object}} [options]
+     * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
+     */
+    async loadAt(atMs, { signal = null, replace = false, viewer = null } = {}) {
+      // Whatever polls or loads for another time no longer applies.
+      if (replace)
+        for (const controller of feed._activeUpdateControllers)
+          controller.abort();
+      return acquire(viewer, { signal, atMs, replace });
     },
   };
 
+  async function acquire(viewer, { signal = null, atMs, replace = false }) {
+    const nowMs = Date.now();
+    const timed = atMs !== undefined;
+    const trackingRefreshEpoch = ++feed._trackingRefreshEpoch;
+    feed._lastTrackingRefreshOutcome = {
+      epoch: trackingRefreshEpoch,
+      status: 'source-unavailable',
+      ids: new Set(),
+      source: feed._lastSource,
+    };
+    if (!timed && feed._retryAt && nowMs < feed._retryAt) {
+      feed._backoff = true;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const resourceController = new AbortController();
+    feed._activeUpdateControllers.add(resourceController);
+    const updateSignal = signal
+      ? AbortSignal.any([signal, resourceController.signal])
+      : resourceController.signal;
+    try {
+      updateSignal.throwIfAborted();
+      const snapshot = await feed._source.getSnapshot(timed ? { atMs } : {}, {
+        signal: updateSignal,
+      });
+      updateSignal.throwIfAborted();
+      // The clock left the live edge while this poll was out.
+      if (!timed && followsClock()) return;
+      feed._lastStatus = snapshot.status ?? 200;
+      feed._lastSource = snapshot.source;
+      setSourceLabel(feed._lastSource);
+      feed._backoff = snapshot.stale || snapshot.freshness === 'unknown';
+      feed._retryAt = 0;
+      feed._lastError =
+        snapshot.reason ||
+        (snapshot.freshness === 'unknown'
+          ? msg('Source snapshot time unavailable')
+          : null);
+      const accepted = timed
+        ? applySnapshot(snapshot, viewer, { replace })
+        : applySnapshot(snapshot, viewer);
+      feed._count = accepted.count;
+      feed._lastUpdate = snapshot.observedAtMs;
+      feed._lastTrackingRefreshOutcome = {
+        epoch: trackingRefreshEpoch,
+        status: 'accepted',
+        ids: accepted.ids,
+        source: feed._lastSource,
+      };
+      console.log(`[Data:Military] Updated: ${feed._count} aircraft`);
+      applyPendingTrackingRestore();
+      return true;
+    } catch (e) {
+      if (updateSignal.aborted || e?.name === 'AbortError') {
+        throw new DOMException('Military update aborted', 'AbortError');
+      }
+      console.warn('[Data:Military] Fetch error:', e);
+      feed._backoff = true;
+      // A snapshot at a time is asked again by the clock's follower.
+      if (!timed)
+        feed._retryAt =
+          Date.now() + (e?.retryAfterMs ?? ERROR_BACKOFF_INTERVAL);
+      feed._lastStatus = e?.status ?? null;
+      if (e?.source) {
+        feed._lastSource = e.source;
+        setSourceLabel(feed._lastSource);
+      }
+      feed._lastError =
+        e?.name === 'LiveSourceError'
+          ? e.message
+          : msg('Live data unavailable');
+      return false;
+    } finally {
+      feed._activeUpdateControllers.delete(resourceController);
+    }
+  }
+
   return { methods };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/layers/military/lifecycle.js b/src/layers/military/lifecycle.js
index c9e658e98..695286803 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/lifecycle.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/lifecycle.js
@@ -167,6 +167,7 @@ export function createLifecycle({
         );
       }
       restoreSpriteOrder(viewer);
+      flightState.timeline?.start();
     },
 
     /**
@@ -175,6 +176,7 @@ export function createLifecycle({
      * @param {Cesium.Viewer} viewer - The Cesium viewer instance
      */
     disable(viewer) {
+      flightState.timeline?.stop();
       parts.controller._abortActiveUpdates();
       parts.tracking._cancelPendingTrackingRestore();
       if (flightState._billboardCollection)
@@ -219,6 +221,7 @@ export function createLifecycle({
      * @param {Cesium.Viewer} viewer - The Cesium viewer instance
      */
     destroy(viewer) {
+      flightState.timeline?.stop();
       flightState.lifetime.abort();
       parts.controller._abortActiveUpdates();
       releaseContinuousRender('military'); // direct-destroy path (perf wave 2 fix)
diff --git a/src/layers/military/motion.js b/src/layers/military/motion.js
index 6a01e6c49..6828b788e 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/motion.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/motion.js
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ import {
   modelAnchorWorld,
 } from '../../data/modelVisualAnchor.js';
 import {
-  RENDER_DELAY_SEC,
+  displayDelayMs,
+  followsClock,
   TRACKED_MODEL_MAX_PX,
   TRACKED_MODEL_MIN_PX,
   BILLBOARD_SCALE,
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ export function createMotion({
     // two KNOWN fixes whenever possible (see RENDER_DELAY_SEC rationale).
     const renderTime = Cesium.JulianDate.addSeconds(
       julianAt(flightState.now()),
-      -RENDER_DELAY_SEC,
+      -displayDelayMs(flightState) / 1000,
       flightState._scratchRenderTime,
     );
 
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ export function createMotion({
       ? newest.epochMs
       : Cesium.JulianDate.toDate(newest.time).getTime();
     const elapsedSec =
-      (flightState.now() - RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000 - newestMs) / 1000;
+      (flightState.now() - displayDelayMs(flightState) - newestMs) / 1000;
     if (!(elapsedSec > 0)) return null;
     const { coastSec, holds } = _coastPlan(
       newest,
@@ -285,7 +286,7 @@ export function createMotion({
     if (!history || history.length === 0) return true;
     const renderTime = Cesium.JulianDate.addSeconds(
       julianAt(flightState.now()),
-      -RENDER_DELAY_SEC,
+      -displayDelayMs(flightState) / 1000,
       flightState._scratchWarmupTime,
     );
     return Cesium.JulianDate.lessThan(renderTime, history[0].time);
@@ -370,9 +371,15 @@ export function createMotion({
     }
 
     const nowMs = Date.now();
+    // How far the contact may move between frames goes by the world's time,
+    // which plays faster than the wall clock when following it at a rate.
+    const worldMs = followsClock(flightState) ? flightState.now() : nowMs;
     const info = flightState.records.data.get(icao24);
     if (sameTrack) {
-      const dtSec = Math.max(0.001, (nowMs - flightState._drPrevMs) / 1000);
+      const dtSec = Math.max(
+        0.001,
+        (worldMs - flightState._drPrevWorldMs) / 1000,
+      );
       const speed = (info && info.speedMps) || 0;
       // Plausible single-frame motion (m): real velocity × frame Δt, ×4 slack + 25 m base.
       const plausible = speed * dtSec * 4 + 25;
@@ -403,6 +410,7 @@ export function createMotion({
     Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(raw, flightState._drPrevRaw);
     Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(display, flightState._drPrevDisplay);
     flightState._drPrevMs = nowMs;
+    flightState._drPrevWorldMs = worldMs;
     flightState._drReconcileValid = true;
     flightState._cachedDRPosition = display;
     const focusSizePx = _trackedFocusSizePx(
diff --git a/src/layers/military/policy.js b/src/layers/military/policy.js
index da67bc9b6..cafbaada2 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/policy.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/policy.js
@@ -186,6 +186,15 @@ export const TRAIL_MAX_POINTS = 2000;
 
 export const RENDER_DELAY_SEC = 15;
 
+/** Whether the layer shows the world clock's time instead of the live feed:
+ *  its source declares a timeline and the clock is away from live. */
+export const followsClock = (state) => state.timeline?.active() === true;
+
+/** How far behind the time contacts are drawn: RENDER_DELAY_SEC live, none
+ *  following the clock, whose snapshots are loaded ahead of the time. */
+export const displayDelayMs = (state) =>
+  followsClock(state) ? 0 : RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000;
+
 /** @constant {number} Polls an aircraft may miss before removal (transient adsb.lol dropouts). */
 
 // --- Landed-plane fast cull (mirror of flights.js; owner field report
diff --git a/src/layers/military/queries.js b/src/layers/military/queries.js
index d23ad621a..4af14b3ba 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/queries.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/queries.js
@@ -9,7 +9,11 @@ import {
   contactMatchWins,
   CONTACT_MATCH_TIER,
 } from '../../data/contactMatch.js';
-import { LANDED_ALT_MAX_FT, LANDED_SPEED_MAX_MPS } from './policy.js';
+import {
+  LANDED_ALT_MAX_FT,
+  LANDED_SPEED_MAX_MPS,
+  followsClock,
+} from './policy.js';
 import { emergencyBroadcastPhrase } from '../../data/aircraftEmergency.js';
 
 export function createQueries({
@@ -834,6 +838,8 @@ export function createQueries({
         retryInSec,
         source: flightState.feed._lastSource,
         fallback: false,
+        // Following the world clock, the snapshot's age is told from its time.
+        ...(followsClock(flightState) && { atMs: flightState.now() }),
       };
     },
   };
diff --git a/src/layers/military/records.js b/src/layers/military/records.js
index 7b48e6f8b..b18e946b8 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/records.js
@@ -11,8 +11,15 @@ import {
 
 /** Portable military aircraft metadata and bounded missing-poll retention. */
 export class MilitaryFlightRecords {
-  constructor({ geoidHeight, cachedGroundFloor, floorAltitudeM }) {
+  constructor({
+    geoidHeight,
+    cachedGroundFloor,
+    floorAltitudeM,
+    now = () => Date.now(),
+  }) {
     this.services = { geoidHeight, cachedGroundFloor, floorAltitudeM };
+    /** The time records are judged at: the layer's clock. */
+    this.now = now;
     this.data = new Map();
     this.missingPolls = new Map();
     // Contacts whose last poll re-sent a fix no newer than the one before.
@@ -170,7 +177,7 @@ export class MilitaryFlightRecords {
     const fixEpochMs = aircraft.positionTimeMs ?? observedAtMs;
     const meta = {
       sourceReference: aircraft.reference,
-      observedReceiptMs: Date.now(),
+      observedReceiptMs: this.now(),
       newestFixMs: this._noteFix(icao24, prevMeta, fixEpochMs),
       callsign: stickyText(callsign, prevMeta?.callsign),
       type: stickyType,
@@ -230,7 +237,10 @@ export class MilitaryFlightRecords {
       fixEpochMs,
     };
   }
-  absence(id, { complete, retainIds, likelyLanded, tracked = false }) {
+  absence(
+    id,
+    { complete, retainIds, likelyLanded, tracked = false, nowMs = this.now() },
+  ) {
     const misses = (this.missingPolls.get(id) || 0) + 1;
     // The tracked contact has missed an update: it is stale from the first
     // one, and kept (so the camera keeps its target) until ten minutes after
@@ -239,7 +249,7 @@ export class MilitaryFlightRecords {
     const meta = this.data.get(id);
     const fixMs = meta?.newestFixMs ?? meta?.observedReceiptMs;
     if (tracked && Number.isFinite(fixMs)) {
-      if (Date.now() - fixMs < TRACKED_RETENTION_MS) {
+      if (nowMs - fixMs < TRACKED_RETENTION_MS) {
         this.missingPolls.set(id, misses);
         return 'stale';
       }
@@ -251,7 +261,7 @@ export class MilitaryFlightRecords {
     // still takes the landed limit.
     if (
       (!complete || (retainIds?.has(id) && !likelyLanded)) &&
-      Date.now() - (this.data.get(id)?.observedReceiptMs ?? 0) < 300000
+      nowMs - (this.data.get(id)?.observedReceiptMs ?? 0) < 300000
     )
       return 'retain';
     const limit = likelyLanded ? LANDED_MISSING_POLL_LIMIT : MISSING_POLL_LIMIT;
@@ -262,6 +272,14 @@ export class MilitaryFlightRecords {
     this.missingPolls.delete(id);
     return 'remove';
   }
+  /** Forget every observation, as when the world clock jumps to another time. */
+  reset() {
+    this.data.clear();
+    this.missingPolls.clear();
+    this.fixRepeated.clear();
+    this.lastSnapshotMs = null;
+    this.snapshotAdvanced = true;
+  }
   forget(id) {
     this.data.delete(id);
     this.missingPolls.delete(id);
diff --git a/src/layers/military/snapshotRenderer.js b/src/layers/military/snapshotRenderer.js
index e674cc456..94e1921a5 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/snapshotRenderer.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/snapshotRenderer.js
@@ -9,7 +9,12 @@ import {
 } from '../../data/motionModel.js';
 import { aircraftIcon } from '../../data/aircraftIcons.js';
 import { POSITION_HISTORY_LIMIT } from './recordPolicy.js';
-import { BILLBOARD_SCALE, GROUND_SCALE, TRACKED_ICON_COLOR } from './policy.js';
+import {
+  BILLBOARD_SCALE,
+  GROUND_SCALE,
+  TRACKED_ICON_COLOR,
+  followsClock,
+} from './policy.js';
 
 /** Apply military record changes to Cesium resources and existing follow operations. */
 export function createMilitarySnapshotRenderer({
@@ -27,7 +32,11 @@ export function createMilitarySnapshotRenderer({
     groundFloor;
   const { sampleMeshFloorCells } = meshFloor;
   const { registerMilitaryIcaos } = militaryRegistry;
-  return function applySnapshot(snapshot, viewer) {
+  /**
+   * `replace`: the snapshot is the world at another time (the world clock
+   * jumped), so it stands in for every contact: one it lacks is gone at once.
+   */
+  return function applySnapshot(snapshot, viewer, { replace = false } = {}) {
     const currentIcaos = new Set();
     const receiptNowMs = snapshot.observedAtMs;
     records.beginSnapshot(snapshot.observedAtMs);
@@ -120,7 +129,10 @@ export function createMilitarySnapshotRenderer({
         });
         if (kinematicsChanged && !holds) {
           const synthetic = synthesizeForwardKinematicsFix(newest, {
-            epochMs: Date.now(),
+            // Following the clock, the snapshot's time is the moment it moves on from.
+            epochMs: followsClock(flightState)
+              ? snapshot.observedAtMs
+              : Date.now(),
             velocity: meta.speedMps,
             track: meta.track,
             turnRateDps: meta.turnRateDps,
@@ -272,12 +284,15 @@ export function createMilitarySnapshotRenderer({
     // feed gap, and the full grace left phantom planes parked at airports.
     for (const [icao24, bb] of flightState._billboards) {
       if (currentIcaos.has(icao24)) continue;
-      const absence = records.absence(icao24, {
-        complete: snapshot.complete,
-        retainIds: snapshot.retainIds,
-        likelyLanded: queries._likelyLanded(icao24),
-        tracked: icao24 === flightState._trackedIcao,
-      });
+      const absence = replace
+        ? 'remove'
+        : records.absence(icao24, {
+            complete: snapshot.complete,
+            retainIds: snapshot.retainIds,
+            likelyLanded: queries._likelyLanded(icao24),
+            tracked: icao24 === flightState._trackedIcao,
+            nowMs: flightState.now?.(),
+          });
       if (absence === 'retain') continue;
       if (absence === 'stale') {
         if (icao24 === flightState._trackedIcao && flightState._trackedEntity) {
@@ -310,6 +325,14 @@ export function createMilitarySnapshotRenderer({
       flightState._groundSnap.forget(icao24);
     }
 
+    // The tracked contact at the new time: its trail starts there.
+    if (
+      replace &&
+      flightState._trackedIcao &&
+      currentIcaos.has(flightState._trackedIcao)
+    )
+      tracking._startTrail(flightState._trackedIcao);
+
     // Fresh courses arrived — force a rotation pass on the next fleet tick
     flightState._lastCamPoseSig = '';
 
diff --git a/src/layers/military/state.js b/src/layers/military/state.js
index 23f8f053c..4d9febafd 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/state.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/state.js
@@ -10,10 +10,14 @@ export function createFlightState({ source, services }) {
   flightState.records = new MilitaryFlightRecords({
     ...services.geoid,
     ...services.groundFloor,
+    now: () => flightState.now(),
   });
   flightState._cullPositions = new Map();
   /** The time contacts are drawn behind by the render delay, in epoch ms. */
   flightState.now = worldTimeFor('military');
+  /** Follows the world clock while the source declares a timeline (set by the
+   *  layer); see followsClock and displayDelayMs in policy.js. */
+  flightState.timeline = null;
 
   /** Per-class model spec for THIS layer (2026-08-16, owner playtest ask:
    *  military contacts should read as their WEIGHT CLASS, always in this layer's
@@ -321,6 +325,9 @@ export function createFlightState({ source, services }) {
 
   flightState._drPrevMs = 0;
 
+  /** World time of that frame: the wall clock live, the cursor following the clock. */
+  flightState._drPrevWorldMs = 0;
+
   flightState._drReconcileValid = false;
 
   /** @type {string|null} icao the reconciliation state currently belongs to */
diff --git a/src/layers/military/tracking.js b/src/layers/military/tracking.js
index a834c2446..9e2441f45 100644
--- a/src/layers/military/tracking.js
+++ b/src/layers/military/tracking.js
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ import {
   TRACKED_MODEL_RETRY_BACKOFF_MS,
   TRAIL_MAX_POINTS,
   DR_CORRECTION_MS,
-  RENDER_DELAY_SEC,
+  displayDelayMs,
+  followsClock,
   TRAIL_COLOR,
   BILLBOARD_SCALE,
   GROUND_SCALE,
@@ -574,7 +575,7 @@ export function createTracking({
       TRAIL_MAX_POINTS,
       {
         nullAltitude,
-        displayMs: flightState.now() - RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000,
+        displayMs: flightState.now() - displayDelayMs(flightState),
         settleMs: DR_CORRECTION_MS,
       },
     );
@@ -590,7 +591,7 @@ export function createTracking({
 
   function _trailTick() {
     if (!flightState._trackedIcao || !flightState._trail) return;
-    const displayMs = flightState.now() - RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000;
+    const displayMs = flightState.now() - displayDelayMs(flightState);
     let changed = false;
     if (
       flightState._trailFixes.length &&
@@ -651,7 +652,7 @@ export function createTracking({
       flightState._trailFixes,
       trailBodyCount(
         flightState._trailFixes,
-        flightState.now() - RENDER_DELAY_SEC * 1000,
+        flightState.now() - displayDelayMs(flightState),
       ),
       parts.motion._trackedModelCenterWorld(),
       parts.motion._trackedModelEnvelopeM(),
@@ -789,15 +790,16 @@ export function createTracking({
 
   async function _backfillTrail(icao24, token, oldestFixEpochSec) {
     let trace = null;
+    // Following the world clock, the track ends at the world's time.
+    const atMs = followsClock(flightState) ? flightState.now() : undefined;
     try {
+      const signal = AbortSignal.any([
+        flightState.lifetime.signal,
+        AbortSignal.timeout(8000),
+      ]);
       const track = await flightState.feed._source.getTrack?.(
         flightState.records.data.get(icao24)?.sourceReference ?? icao24,
-        {
-          signal: AbortSignal.any([
-            flightState.lifetime.signal,
-            AbortSignal.timeout(8000),
-          ]),
-        },
+        atMs === undefined ? { signal } : { signal, atMs },
       );
       trace = track?.records ?? null;
     } catch {
@@ -825,6 +827,7 @@ export function createTracking({
         lon = point.longitude;
       if (!Number.isFinite(lat) || !Number.isFinite(lon)) continue;
       if (!Number.isFinite(t) || t >= oldestFixEpochSec) continue;
+      if (atMs !== undefined && !(point.observedAtMs <= atMs)) continue;
       parsed.push({
         lat,
         lon,
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/clockFollow.test.mjs b/src/layers/vessels/clockFollow.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f0978c07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/clockFollow.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { VesselRecords } from './records.js';
+import { createIngestion, createVesselFeed } from './ingestion.js';
+
+// Vessels follow the world clock only while their source declares a
+// timeline (src/time/snapshotTimeline.js); these cover the layer's side.
+
+const row = (mmsi, fields = {}) => ({
+  mmsi,
+  lat: 51.93,
+  lon: 4.05,
+  name: mmsi,
+  last_position_epoch: 1_000,
+  ...fields,
+});
+
+function store() {
+  const records = new VesselRecords({ now: () => 5_000_000 });
+  const events = [];
+  const effects = {
+    add: (record) => events.push(['add', record.mmsi]),
+    beforeUpdate: () => null,
+    updated: (record) => events.push(['update', record.mmsi]),
+    remove: (record, evicted) => events.push(['remove', record.mmsi, evicted]),
+    removed: (mmsi) => events.push(['removed', mmsi]),
+    staleSelected: (record) => events.push(['stale', record.mmsi]),
+  };
+  return {
+    records,
+    events,
+    reconcile: (rows, options = {}) =>
+      records.reconcile(rows, options, effects),
+  };
+}
+
+test('rows at another time stand in for every vessel, selected or not', () => {
+  const probe = store();
+  probe.reconcile([row('111'), row('222')]);
+  const selectedRecord = probe.records.byMmsi.get('222');
+  probe.reconcile([row('111', { last_position_epoch: 900 })], {
+    complete: false,
+    selectedRecord,
+    replace: true,
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual([...probe.records.byMmsi.keys()], ['111']);
+  assert.deepEqual(probe.events.slice(-3), [
+    ['update', '111'],
+    ['remove', '222', true],
+    ['removed', '222'],
+  ]);
+  assert.equal(probe.records.byMmsi.get('111').motion, null);
+});
+
+test('following the clock, a vessel keeps where its fix moved from', () => {
+  const probe = store();
+  probe.reconcile([row('111')]);
+  probe.reconcile([row('111', { lat: 52, last_position_epoch: 1_010 })], {
+    follow: true,
+  });
+  const record = probe.records.byMmsi.get('111');
+  assert.deepEqual(record.motion, {
+    fromLat: 51.93,
+    fromLon: 4.05,
+    fromMs: 1_000_000,
+    toLat: 52,
+    toLon: 4.05,
+    toMs: 1_010_000,
+  });
+  probe.reconcile([row('111', { lat: 52, last_position_epoch: 1_010 })], {
+    follow: true,
+  });
+  assert.equal(record.motion.toMs, 1_010_000, 'a repeated fix keeps its move');
+  const live = store();
+  live.reconcile([row('111')]);
+  live.reconcile([row('111', { lat: 52, last_position_epoch: 1_010 })]);
+  assert.equal(
+    Object.hasOwn(live.records.byMmsi.get('111'), 'motion'),
+    false,
+    'live records are as before',
+  );
+});
+
+function ingestion(source) {
+  const feed = createVesselFeed();
+  feed.enabled = true;
+  feed.sessionId = 1;
+  const applied = [];
+  const state = { follows: false, reloads: 0, radiusKm: 50 };
+  const methods = createIngestion({
+    feed,
+    readSource: () => source,
+    readViewer: () => ({}),
+    readArea: () => ({ lat: 1, lon: 2, radiusKm: state.radiusKm }),
+    getRowLimit: () => 500,
+    readCount: () => applied.at(-1)?.rows.length ?? 0,
+    now: () => 9999,
+    setSourceLabel: () => {},
+    applyRows: (_viewer, rows, options) => applied.push({ rows, options }),
+    classifySnapshot: (payload) => ({
+      acceptedRows: payload.rows,
+      acceptedRowCount: payload.rows.length,
+      rawRowCount: payload.rows.length,
+      transportStatus: payload.status,
+      lastMessageAt: payload.lastMessageAt,
+      error: null,
+    }),
+    isDefinitiveTransportFailure: () => false,
+    isGraceEligibleTransport: () => false,
+    markUnavailable: () => {},
+    settleFirstConnect: () => {},
+    followsClock: () => state.follows,
+    reloadAtClock: () => {
+      state.reloads += 1;
+    },
+  });
+  return { feed, applied, state, ...methods };
+}
+
+test('vessel polls carry no time; a snapshot at a time carries it and replaces', async () => {
+  const queries = [];
+  const probe = ingestion({
+    async getSnapshot(query) {
+      queries.push(query);
+      return {
+        records: [{ id: '111', latitude: 1, longitude: 2, observedAtMs: 5 }],
+        observedAtMs: 5,
+        freshness: 'current',
+        complete: true,
+        transportStatus: 'live',
+      };
+    },
+  });
+  await probe.methods.update();
+  assert.equal(Object.hasOwn(queries[0], 'atMs'), false);
+  assert.deepEqual(probe.applied[0].options, { complete: true });
+  probe.state.follows = true;
+  await probe.methods.update();
+  assert.equal(queries.length, 1, 'no poll while following');
+  assert.equal(await probe.loadAt(5_000, { replace: true }), true);
+  assert.equal(queries[1].atMs, 5_000);
+  assert.deepEqual(probe.applied[1].options, { complete: true, replace: true });
+  assert.equal(probe.feed.lastUpdate, 5);
+  // Following the clock, a moved view reloads the time shown.
+  probe.state.radiusKm = 2_000;
+  await probe.refreshIfMoved({});
+  assert.equal(probe.state.reloads, 1);
+  assert.equal(queries.length, 2);
+});
+
+test('an empty vessel snapshot at another time shows no vessels', async () => {
+  const probe = ingestion({
+    async getSnapshot() {
+      return { records: [], observedAtMs: 5, freshness: 'current' };
+    },
+  });
+  probe.state.follows = true;
+  await probe.loadAt(5_000, { replace: true });
+  assert.deepEqual(probe.applied, [
+    { rows: [], options: { complete: true, replace: true } },
+  ]);
+});
+
+test('a vessel snapshot at a time the source drops for a newer one is no failure', async () => {
+  const probe = ingestion({
+    async getSnapshot() {
+      throw new DOMException('Superseded', 'AbortError');
+    },
+  });
+  probe.state.follows = true;
+  await assert.rejects(probe.loadAt(5_000, { replace: true }), {
+    name: 'AbortError',
+  });
+  assert.equal(probe.feed.error, null);
+  assert.equal(probe.feed.loading, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(probe.applied, []);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/index.js b/src/layers/vessels/index.js
index f5ee9b497..bd8282e84 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/index.js
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ import { createCards } from './cards.js';
 import { createTesting } from './testing.js';
 import { createEvidence } from './evidence.js';
 import { createQueries } from './queries.js';
+import { followsClock } from './policy.js';
+import { createSnapshotTimeline } from '../../time/snapshotTimeline.js';
+import { worldClock } from '../../time/worldClock.js';
 /** Compose one vessel layer with application-owned scene services. */
 export function createVesselLayer({ source, services, options = {} } = {}) {
   const vesselState = createVesselState({ source, services });
@@ -31,6 +34,7 @@ export function createVesselLayer({ source, services, options = {} } = {}) {
     tracking: parts.tracking,
     selection: parts.selection,
     cards: parts.cards,
+    followsClock: () => followsClock(vesselState),
   });
 
   parts.ingestion = createIngestion({
@@ -50,6 +54,29 @@ export function createVesselLayer({ source, services, options = {} } = {}) {
     setSourceLabel: (source) => {
       layer.source = source;
     },
+    followsClock: () => followsClock(vesselState),
+    reloadAtClock: () => vesselState.timeline.reload(),
+  });
+  // Vessels follow the world clock while the source declares a timeline.
+  vesselState.timeline = createSnapshotTimeline({
+    id: 'ais-live-vessels',
+    clock: worldClock,
+    source: () => vesselState._source,
+    load: (atMs, { signal, replace }) =>
+      parts.ingestion.loadAt(atMs, { signal, replace }),
+    clear: () => {
+      const { state } = vesselState;
+      if (state.viewer)
+        parts.snapshots.reconcileVessels(state.viewer, [], {
+          complete: true,
+          replace: true,
+        });
+      state.feed.count = state.records.all.length;
+      state.feed.lastUpdate = null;
+    },
+    resumeLive: () => {
+      void parts.ingestion.loadLivePositions(vesselState.state.viewer);
+    },
   });
   Object.assign(
     layer,
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/ingestion.js b/src/layers/vessels/ingestion.js
index dca9b81ca..6f01339c9 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/ingestion.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/ingestion.js
@@ -21,9 +21,36 @@ export function createIngestion({
   settleFirstConnect,
   now,
   setSourceLabel,
+  followsClock = () => false,
+  reloadAtClock = () => {},
 }) {
   async function loadLivePositions(viewer) {
-    if (!viewer || feed.loading) return;
+    // Following the world clock, the layer shows the snapshots loadAt applies.
+    if (followsClock()) return;
+    await loadPositions(viewer);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Apply the source's snapshot at world time `atMs` (its timeline says it
+   * can answer one), in place of every vessel when `replace`. Resolves
+   * whether it was applied.
+   * @param {number} atMs
+   * @param {{signal?: AbortSignal|null, replace?: boolean}} [options]
+   * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
+   */
+  async function loadAt(atMs, { signal = null, replace = false } = {}) {
+    // Whatever polls or loads for another time no longer applies.
+    if (replace && feed.loading) {
+      feed.abort?.abort();
+      feed.loading = false;
+      feed.abort = null;
+    }
+    return loadPositions(readViewer(), { atMs, replace, signal });
+  }
+
+  async function loadPositions(viewer, { atMs, replace = false, signal } = {}) {
+    const timed = atMs !== undefined;
+    if (!viewer || feed.loading) return false;
     feed.loading = true;
     feed.loadingLabel = feed.loaded ? 'refreshing...' : 'loading...';
     const requestController = new AbortController();
@@ -33,21 +60,29 @@ export function createIngestion({
     try {
       // Combine the layer's teardown-abort with a hard timeout so a hung upstream
       // can't wedge the poll indefinitely (parity with the track fetch + flights).
-      const signal =
+      const requestSignal =
         typeof AbortSignal.any === 'function'
           ? AbortSignal.any([
               requestController.signal,
               AbortSignal.timeout(10000),
+              ...(signal ? [signal] : []),
             ])
           : requestController.signal;
       // Ask for the vessels in view; a wide view asks for every vessel.
       const area = readArea(viewer);
       feed.lastArea = area;
       const snapshot = await readSource().getSnapshot(
-        { maxRows: getRowLimit(), ...(area ? { area } : {}) },
-        { signal },
+        {
+          maxRows: getRowLimit(),
+          ...(area ? { area } : {}),
+          ...(timed ? { atMs } : {}),
+        },
+        { signal: requestSignal },
       );
-      if (!ownsAisRequest(requestController, requestSessionId)) return;
+      if (!ownsAisRequest(requestController, requestSessionId)) return false;
+      if (signal?.aborted) return false;
+      // The clock left the live edge while this poll was out.
+      if (!timed && followsClock()) return false;
       setSourceLabel(snapshot.source);
       // Map observations into the existing display store; source fields stop here.
       applyAisFeedSnapshot(viewer, {
@@ -67,8 +102,12 @@ export function createIngestion({
             : new Date(snapshot.observedAtMs).toISOString(),
         silentForMs: snapshot.silentForMs,
         reconnectAttempt: snapshot.reconnectAttempt,
+        ...(replace && { replace }),
       });
+      return true;
     } catch (error) {
+      // A snapshot at a time the source dropped for a newer one is no failure.
+      if (timed && error?.name === 'AbortError') throw error;
       if (
         ownsAisRequest(requestController, requestSessionId) &&
         error?.name !== 'AbortError'
@@ -76,6 +115,7 @@ export function createIngestion({
         markUnavailable(error?.message || msg('AIS live load failed'));
         console.warn('[Data:ais-live-vessels]', feed.error, error);
       }
+      return false;
     } finally {
       if (
         feed.abort === requestController &&
@@ -113,6 +153,9 @@ export function createIngestion({
     feed.acceptedRowCount = snapshot.acceptedRowCount;
     feed.partial = payload?.complete === false;
 
+    // At another time, a snapshot with no vessels shows none, not the last.
+    if (payload?.replace && snapshot.acceptedRowCount === 0)
+      applyRows(viewer, [], { complete: true, replace: true });
     if (snapshot.acceptedRowCount === 0 && !snapshot.emptyCoverage) {
       feed.count = readCount();
       feed.stale = feed.count > 0 || Boolean(payload?.refreshing);
@@ -139,6 +182,7 @@ export function createIngestion({
     settleFirstConnect('ready');
     applyRows(viewer, snapshot.acceptedRows, {
       complete: payload?.complete !== false,
+      ...(payload?.replace && { replace: true }),
     });
     feed.count = readCount();
     feed.stale =
@@ -180,10 +224,16 @@ export function createIngestion({
   }
   /** Ask again when the view moved away from the last area asked for. */
   function refreshIfMoved(viewer) {
-    if (!feed.enabled || feed.loading) return Promise.resolve();
+    const following = followsClock();
+    if (!feed.enabled || (feed.loading && !following)) return Promise.resolve();
     const active = viewer || readViewer();
     if (!viewAreaMovedEnough(feed.lastArea ?? null, readArea(active)))
       return Promise.resolve();
+    // Following the world clock, the new area is asked for at the same time.
+    if (following) {
+      reloadAtClock();
+      return Promise.resolve();
+    }
     return loadLivePositions(active);
   }
 
@@ -196,6 +246,7 @@ export function createIngestion({
 
   return {
     loadLivePositions,
+    loadAt,
     refreshIfMoved,
     ownsAisRequest,
     applyAisFeedSnapshot,
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/lifecycle.js b/src/layers/vessels/lifecycle.js
index 1c1f611cc..e89b0ebd9 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/lifecycle.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/lifecycle.js
@@ -200,10 +200,12 @@ export function createLifecycle({
         state.feed.removeViewListener = moveEnd.addEventListener(() => {
           components.ingestion.refreshIfMoved(activeViewer);
         });
+      vesselState.timeline?.start();
       return components.ingestion.loadLivePositions(activeViewer);
     },
 
     disable() {
+      vesselState.timeline?.stop();
       removeViewListener();
       state.feed.enabled = false;
       invalidateAisSession();
@@ -224,6 +226,7 @@ export function createLifecycle({
     },
 
     destroy(viewer) {
+      vesselState.timeline?.stop();
       removeViewListener();
       const activeViewer = viewer || state.viewer;
       invalidateAisSession();
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/motion.js b/src/layers/vessels/motion.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4efb7d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/motion.js
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/**
+ * Where a vessel is at world time `tMs` while the layer follows the world
+ * clock: between the fix it moved from and the fix it moved to, along the
+ * great circle; at the earlier fix before it, at the newer fix after it. A
+ * vessel is never projected past its newest fix.
+ * @param {{lat: number, lon: number, motion?: {fromLat: number, fromLon: number,
+ *   fromMs: number, toLat: number, toLon: number, toMs: number}|null}} record
+ * @param {number} tMs
+ * @returns {{lat: number, lon: number}}
+ */
+export function vesselPositionAt(record, tMs) {
+  const motion = record?.motion;
+  if (
+    !motion ||
+    !Number.isFinite(tMs) ||
+    !(motion.toMs > motion.fromMs) ||
+    tMs >= motion.toMs
+  )
+    return record;
+  if (tMs <= motion.fromMs) return { lat: motion.fromLat, lon: motion.fromLon };
+  const fraction = (tMs - motion.fromMs) / (motion.toMs - motion.fromMs);
+  return greatCircleAt(
+    motion.fromLat,
+    motion.fromLon,
+    motion.toLat,
+    motion.toLon,
+    fraction,
+  );
+}
+
+const RAD = Math.PI / 180;
+
+/** The point `fraction` of the way from one position to another. */
+function greatCircleAt(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, fraction) {
+  const p1 = unit(lat1, lon1);
+  const p2 = unit(lat2, lon2);
+  const dot = Math.min(
+    1,
+    Math.max(-1, p1[0] * p2[0] + p1[1] * p2[1] + p1[2] * p2[2]),
+  );
+  const angle = Math.acos(dot);
+  if (angle < 1e-12) return { lat: lat2, lon: lon2 };
+  const a = Math.sin((1 - fraction) * angle) / Math.sin(angle);
+  const b = Math.sin(fraction * angle) / Math.sin(angle);
+  const x = a * p1[0] + b * p2[0];
+  const y = a * p1[1] + b * p2[1];
+  const z = a * p1[2] + b * p2[2];
+  return {
+    lat: Math.atan2(z, Math.hypot(x, y)) / RAD,
+    lon: Math.atan2(y, x) / RAD,
+  };
+}
+
+function unit(lat, lon) {
+  const phi = lat * RAD;
+  const lambda = lon * RAD;
+  return [
+    Math.cos(phi) * Math.cos(lambda),
+    Math.cos(phi) * Math.sin(lambda),
+    Math.sin(phi),
+  ];
+}
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/motion.test.mjs b/src/layers/vessels/motion.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5370ae85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/motion.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { vesselPositionAt } from './motion.js';
+
+const record = {
+  lat: 1,
+  lon: 1,
+  motion: {
+    fromLat: 0,
+    fromLon: 0,
+    fromMs: 1_000,
+    toLat: 1,
+    toLon: 1,
+    toMs: 3_000,
+  },
+};
+
+test('a vessel holds at its fixes and moves between them along the great circle', () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(vesselPositionAt(record, 500), { lat: 0, lon: 0 });
+  assert.equal(vesselPositionAt(record, 3_000), record);
+  assert.equal(vesselPositionAt(record, 9_000), record, 'never projected past');
+  const half = vesselPositionAt(record, 2_000);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(half.lat - 0.5) < 1e-3);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(half.lon - 0.5) < 1e-3);
+});
+
+test('a vessel with no move is at its record', () => {
+  const still = { lat: 4, lon: 5 };
+  assert.equal(vesselPositionAt(still, 2_000), still);
+  assert.equal(vesselPositionAt({ ...still, motion: null }, 2_000).lat, 4);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/policy.js b/src/layers/vessels/policy.js
index 9ab06fbb8..1981cdcdc 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/policy.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/policy.js
@@ -53,6 +53,11 @@ export const TRAIL_MAX_POINTS = 400;
 
 export const TRAIL_MIN_MOVE_M = 25;
 
+/** Whether the layer shows the world clock's time instead of the live feed:
+ *  its source declares a timeline and the clock is away from live. */
+export const followsClock = (vesselState) =>
+  vesselState.timeline?.active() === true;
+
 export const DEFAULT_AIS_RUNTIME = Object.freeze({
   now: () => Date.now(),
   setTimeout: (callback, delayMs) => setTimeout(callback, delayMs),
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/queries.js b/src/layers/vessels/queries.js
index 523e16510..c0ce32355 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/queries.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/queries.js
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import {
   REFRESH_MS,
   FOCUS_EVIDENCE_DEV,
   VESSEL_LIFT_M,
+  followsClock,
 } from './policy.js';
 import { VESSEL_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID } from '../../data/vesselLabels.js';
 
@@ -660,6 +661,8 @@ export function createQueries({
         retryInSec: aisRetryInSec(),
         // Same field as flights and military, so Contacts names the provider.
         source: layer.source,
+        // Following the world clock, the snapshot's age is told from its time.
+        ...(followsClock(vesselState) && { atMs: vesselState.worldNow() }),
       };
     },
   };
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/records.js b/src/layers/vessels/records.js
index 2a00fca3c..c0fc2d49e 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/records.js
@@ -44,6 +44,26 @@ function finiteNumber(value) {
   return Number.isFinite(number) ? number : null;
 }
 
+/**
+ * The move from a record's fix to the next row's, when the fix moves on in
+ * time; otherwise the move it was making, if the row repeats its fix.
+ */
+function motionBetween(record, next) {
+  const fromEpoch = record.lastPositionEpoch;
+  const toEpoch = next.lastPositionEpoch;
+  if (fromEpoch === toEpoch) return record.motion ?? null;
+  if (!Number.isFinite(fromEpoch) || !Number.isFinite(toEpoch)) return null;
+  if (!(toEpoch > fromEpoch)) return null;
+  return {
+    fromLat: record.lat,
+    fromLon: record.lon,
+    fromMs: fromEpoch * 1000,
+    toLat: next.lat,
+    toLon: next.lon,
+    toMs: toEpoch * 1000,
+  };
+}
+
 /** Own stable vessel records and bounded incomplete/selected retention. */
 export class VesselRecords {
   constructor({ now = () => Date.now() } = {}) {
@@ -52,9 +72,23 @@ export class VesselRecords {
     this.unkeyed = [];
     this.all = [];
   }
+  /**
+   * Fold a refresh into the records. Following the world clock (`follow`),
+   * a vessel whose fix moves on keeps where it moved from, so it can be drawn
+   * between the two (see motion.js). `replace`: the rows are the world at
+   * another time (the clock jumped), so they stand in for every vessel: one
+   * they lack is gone at once, selected or not, and none moves from where it
+   * was at the time the clock left.
+   */
   reconcile(
     rows,
-    { complete = true, selectedRecord = null, cap = Infinity },
+    {
+      complete = true,
+      selectedRecord = null,
+      cap = Infinity,
+      replace = false,
+      follow = false,
+    },
     effects,
   ) {
     const receivedAtMs = this.now();
@@ -94,6 +128,8 @@ export class VesselRecords {
           record.fixReceivedAtMs = next.fixReceivedAtMs;
           record.fixFeedEpoch = next.fixFeedEpoch;
         }
+        if (replace) record.motion = null;
+        else if (follow) record.motion = motionBetween(record, next);
         record.reference = next.reference;
         record.receivedAtMs = next.receivedAtMs;
         record.lat = next.lat;
@@ -117,6 +153,12 @@ export class VesselRecords {
     }
     for (const [mmsi, record] of this.byMmsi) {
       if (seen.has(mmsi)) continue;
+      if (replace) {
+        effects.remove(record, record === selectedRecord);
+        this.byMmsi.delete(mmsi);
+        effects.removed(mmsi);
+        continue;
+      }
       if (
         !complete &&
         Number.isFinite(record.receivedAtMs) &&
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/rendering.js b/src/layers/vessels/rendering.js
index aefc43bed..ed6ea4ed7 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/rendering.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/rendering.js
@@ -19,7 +19,12 @@ import {
   FOCUS_UPDATE_MS,
   LABEL_GRID_PX,
   CARD_MIN_SEP_PX,
+  followsClock,
 } from './policy.js';
+import { vesselPositionAt } from './motion.js';
+
+/** How often vessels move on as the world clock plays (wall ms). */
+const FOLLOW_POSITION_MS = 250;
 
 export function createRendering({
   vesselState,
@@ -42,20 +47,16 @@ export function createRendering({
       visual = { billboard: record.billboard || null };
       visualRecords.set(record, visual);
     }
+    // Following the world clock, a vessel is drawn where it was at the time.
+    const { lat, lon } = followsClock(vesselState)
+      ? vesselPositionAt(record, vesselState.worldNow())
+      : record;
     const heightM = components.queries.vesselDatumHeightM(
-      components.tracking.currentGeoidN(record.lat, record.lon),
+      components.tracking.currentGeoidN(lat, lon),
       VESSEL_LIFT_M,
     );
-    visual.position = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
-      record.lon,
-      record.lat,
-      heightM,
-    );
-    visual.surfacePosition = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
-      record.lon,
-      record.lat,
-      0,
-    );
+    visual.position = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lon, lat, heightM);
+    visual.surfacePosition = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(lon, lat, 0);
     visual.normal = Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84.geodeticSurfaceNormal(
       visual.position,
       new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
@@ -212,9 +213,27 @@ export function createRendering({
   // own label publication requests a frame, and scheduling on that would loop.
   function installRuntime(viewer) {
     if (state.preRenderRemover || !viewer) return;
-    state.preRenderRemover = viewer.scene.preRender.addEventListener(() =>
-      updateVisibility(),
-    );
+    state.preRenderRemover = viewer.scene.preRender.addEventListener(() => {
+      if (followsClock(vesselState)) followClockPositions();
+      updateVisibility();
+    });
+  }
+
+  // As the world clock plays, vessels between two fixes move on along them.
+  let followedAtWallMs = -Infinity;
+  let followedAtMs = null;
+  function followClockPositions() {
+    const wallMs = performance.now();
+    if (wallMs - followedAtWallMs < FOLLOW_POSITION_MS) return;
+    followedAtWallMs = wallMs;
+    const atMs = vesselState.worldNow();
+    if (atMs === followedAtMs) return;
+    followedAtMs = atMs;
+    for (const record of state.records.all) {
+      if (!record.motion) continue;
+      const visual = prepareRecordVisual(record);
+      if (visual.billboard) visual.billboard.position = visual.position;
+    }
   }
 
   function scheduleTrailingVisibilityPass(now) {
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/snapshotRenderer.js b/src/layers/vessels/snapshotRenderer.js
index 03abb81dc..a461c1c17 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/snapshotRenderer.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/snapshotRenderer.js
@@ -6,16 +6,25 @@ export function createVesselSnapshotRenderer({
   tracking,
   selection,
   cards,
+  followsClock = () => false,
 }) {
-  function reconcileVessels(viewer, rows, { complete = true } = {}) {
+  /** `replace`: the rows are the world at another time (see VesselRecords). */
+  function reconcileVessels(
+    viewer,
+    rows,
+    { complete = true, replace = false } = {},
+  ) {
     rendering.ensureCollections(viewer);
     const occluder = rendering.makeOccluder();
+    const follow = followsClock();
     records.reconcile(
       rows,
       {
         complete,
         selectedRecord: state.selectedRecord,
         cap: rendering.renderRowLimit(),
+        ...(replace && { replace }),
+        ...(follow && { follow }),
       },
       {
         add(record) {
@@ -54,6 +63,9 @@ export function createVesselSnapshotRenderer({
         },
       },
     );
+    // The selected vessel at the new time: its trail starts there.
+    if (replace && state.selectedRecord && state.trailMmsi)
+      tracking.startSelectedVesselTrail(state.selectedRecord);
     state.lastVisibilityUpdate = 0;
     rendering.updateVisibility(true);
   }
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/state.js b/src/layers/vessels/state.js
index 3cd769c3e..35e336edc 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/state.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/state.js
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import { createVesselFeed } from './ingestion.js';
 import { VesselRecords } from './records.js';
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
-import { DEFAULT_AIS_RUNTIME } from './policy.js';
+import { DEFAULT_AIS_RUNTIME, followsClock } from './policy.js';
+import { worldTimeFor } from '../../time/worldClock.js';
 
 export function createVesselState({ source, services }) {
   const {
@@ -31,6 +32,19 @@ export function createVesselState({ source, services }) {
 
   vesselState._aisRuntime = DEFAULT_AIS_RUNTIME;
 
+  /** Follows the world clock while the source declares a timeline (set by the
+   *  layer); see followsClock in policy.js. */
+  vesselState.timeline = null;
+
+  /** The world time the layer draws at while it follows the clock. */
+  vesselState.worldNow = worldTimeFor('ais-live-vessels');
+
+  /** The time records are judged at: the world's while following the clock. */
+  vesselState.recordsNow = () =>
+    followsClock(vesselState)
+      ? vesselState.worldNow()
+      : vesselState._aisRuntime.now();
+
   vesselState._aisSessionSequence = 0;
 
   /**
@@ -48,7 +62,7 @@ export function createVesselState({ source, services }) {
 
   vesselState.state = {
     feed: createVesselFeed(),
-    records: new VesselRecords({ now: () => vesselState._aisRuntime.now() }),
+    records: new VesselRecords({ now: () => vesselState.recordsNow() }),
     viewer: null,
 
     billboardCollection: null,
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/tracking.js b/src/layers/vessels/tracking.js
index 2c11ff463..8a8a5c30c 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/tracking.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/tracking.js
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   TRAIL_COLOR,
   TRAIL_MAX_POINTS,
   TRAIL_MIN_MOVE_M,
+  followsClock,
 } from './policy.js';
 
 export function createTracking({
@@ -116,12 +117,17 @@ export function createTracking({
 
   async function backfillVesselTrail(mmsi, token, reference = mmsi) {
     const owner = state.trailAbort;
+    // Following the world clock, the track ends at the world's time.
+    const atMs = followsClock(vesselState) ? vesselState.worldNow() : undefined;
     const signal = owner
       ? AbortSignal.any([owner.signal, AbortSignal.timeout(8000)])
       : AbortSignal.timeout(8000);
     let samples = null;
     try {
-      const track = await vesselState._source.getTrack?.(reference, { signal });
+      const track = await vesselState._source.getTrack?.(
+        reference,
+        atMs === undefined ? { signal } : { signal, atMs },
+      );
       samples = track?.records ?? null;
     } catch {
       return; // silent — keep the live-accumulated trail
@@ -140,6 +146,12 @@ export function createTracking({
       const lat = Number(sample?.latitude);
       const lon = Number(sample?.longitude);
       if (!Number.isFinite(lat) || !Number.isFinite(lon)) continue;
+      // Following the clock, an undated sample may be later than the time.
+      if (
+        atMs !== undefined &&
+        !(Number.isFinite(sample?.observedAtMs) && sample.observedAtMs <= atMs)
+      )
+        continue;
       // Per-sample N (≤ TRAIL_MAX_POINTS lookups) — same sea-surface datum as
       // the live vertices so the spliced trail is height-continuous.
       const heightM = components.queries.vesselDatumHeightM(
diff --git a/src/sources/live/contract.js b/src/sources/live/contract.js
index 7c2e41788..b9f69a970 100644
--- a/src/sources/live/contract.js
+++ b/src/sources/live/contract.js
@@ -8,6 +8,15 @@
  * getTrack(reference, { signal }). References are opaque to consumers.
  * Snapshots describe coverage and completeness independently of freshness.
  * Records contain observation data only, with no scene objects or transport data.
+ *
+ * A source may also declare a timeline (see readSnapshotTimeline): it can
+ * answer a snapshot at a given time, so the layer follows the world clock.
+ * The query then carries `atMs` (absent while the clock is live, so a live
+ * request is unchanged), and the snapshot is the world as it stood at that
+ * time: `observedAtMs` <= `atMs`, no record observed later than `atMs`,
+ * freshness and staleness judged against `atMs`, and `atMs` echoed back. A
+ * vessel snapshot at a time reports `transportStatus: 'live'`. getTrack then
+ * receives `{ signal, atMs }` and returns only points at or before `atMs`.
  */
 // Messages are English data (AI tools read them too); the Layers panel shows
 // them translated by their shape (translateFeedError in src/ui/statusText.js),
@@ -140,3 +149,31 @@ export function httpError(response, source) {
     },
   );
 }
+
+/**
+ * The timeline a source declares, or null when it has none or it is
+ * malformed: `{ coverage(), stepMs, subscribe? }`. `coverage()` returns the
+ * span `{start, end}` (epoch ms) the source can answer a snapshot for, or
+ * null while it does not know yet; `stepMs` is the spacing of its snapshots;
+ * the optional `subscribe(listener)` tells of a change in coverage and
+ * returns the unsubscribe.
+ * @param {object|null|undefined} source
+ * @returns {{coverage: () => ({start: number, end: number}|null),
+ *   stepMs: number, subscribe: ((listener: () => void) => () => void)|null}|null}
+ */
+export function readSnapshotTimeline(source) {
+  const timeline = source?.timeline;
+  if (!timeline || typeof timeline !== 'object') return null;
+  if (typeof timeline.coverage !== 'function') return null;
+  const stepMs = timeline.stepMs;
+  if (!Number.isFinite(stepMs) || stepMs <= 0) return null;
+  if (timeline.subscribe != null && typeof timeline.subscribe !== 'function')
+    return null;
+  return {
+    coverage: () => timeline.coverage(),
+    stepMs,
+    subscribe: timeline.subscribe
+      ? (listener) => timeline.subscribe(listener)
+      : null,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/sources/live/contract.test.mjs b/src/sources/live/contract.test.mjs
index 416b42a37..5a1976465 100644
--- a/src/sources/live/contract.test.mjs
+++ b/src/sources/live/contract.test.mjs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
   normalizeVesselObservation,
   openSkySnapshot,
   readsbSnapshot,
+  readSnapshotTimeline,
 } from './index.js';
 
 const now = 1800000000000;
@@ -486,3 +487,41 @@ test('a photo enrichment outage rejects without echoing the body', async () => {
     );
   }
 });
+
+test('a source declares a timeline only with a coverage reader and a positive step', () => {
+  assert.equal(readSnapshotTimeline(null), null);
+  assert.equal(readSnapshotTimeline({ getSnapshot() {} }), null);
+  assert.equal(readSnapshotTimeline({ timeline: { stepMs: 10_000 } }), null);
+  assert.equal(
+    readSnapshotTimeline({ timeline: { coverage: () => null, stepMs: 0 } }),
+    null,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    readSnapshotTimeline({
+      timeline: { coverage: () => null, stepMs: 10_000, subscribe: 'no' },
+    }),
+    null,
+  );
+  const span = { start: 1000, end: 5000 };
+  const plain = readSnapshotTimeline({
+    timeline: { coverage: () => span, stepMs: 10_000 },
+  });
+  assert.equal(plain.stepMs, 10_000);
+  assert.deepEqual(plain.coverage(), span);
+  assert.equal(plain.subscribe, null);
+  const listeners = [];
+  const told = readSnapshotTimeline({
+    timeline: {
+      coverage: () => null,
+      stepMs: 5_000,
+      subscribe(listener) {
+        listeners.push(listener);
+        return () => listeners.splice(listeners.indexOf(listener), 1);
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const stop = told.subscribe(() => {});
+  assert.equal(listeners.length, 1);
+  stop();
+  assert.equal(listeners.length, 0);
+});
diff --git a/src/sources/live/index.js b/src/sources/live/index.js
index dcc4b5d91..102a4262c 100644
--- a/src/sources/live/index.js
+++ b/src/sources/live/index.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-export { LiveSourceError } from './contract.js';
+export { LiveSourceError, readSnapshotTimeline } from './contract.js';
 export {
   normalizeOpenSkyAircraft,
   normalizeReadsbAircraft,
diff --git a/src/time/snapshotTimeline.js b/src/time/snapshotTimeline.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ade31392c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/time/snapshotTimeline.js
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+import { readSnapshotTimeline } from '../sources/live/contract.js';
+
+/** The longest play waits on a snapshot before it goes on without it. */
+export const SNAPSHOT_WAIT_MS = 8_000;
+/** How long a snapshot that failed to load waits before it is asked again. */
+export const SNAPSHOT_RETRY_MS = 5_000;
+
+/**
+ * Let a layer of live contacts (flights, military aircraft, vessels) follow
+ * the world clock when, and only when, its source declares a timeline: it can
+ * answer a snapshot at a given time (see readSnapshotTimeline). With no
+ * timeline this does nothing at all: the layer never follows the clock and
+ * stays live.
+ *
+ * While the layer is on, it follows the clock. At the live edge the layer
+ * polls as it always has. Away from it the layer is `active()`: it stops
+ * polling and shows the snapshots this asks for.
+ *
+ * - A jump (a seek, time going backwards, leaving live) drops what loads,
+ *   holds play, and asks for the snapshot at the step at or before the time;
+ *   `load(atMs, {signal, replace: true})` puts it in place of every contact.
+ * - Playing on, it stays a snapshot ahead of the time: it asks for the next
+ *   step as the clock nears the newest it has, and play does not pass a
+ *   snapshot still loading (for at most SNAPSHOT_WAIT_MS). Those snapshots
+ *   are applied as polls are (`replace: false`), so contacts move on smoothly.
+ * - Outside the source's coverage the layer is `clear()`ed and nothing loads;
+ *   while the coverage is not known yet nothing loads and nothing is cleared.
+ * - Back at live, the layer is `clear()`ed and `resumeLive()` polls at once.
+ *
+ * `load` resolves true once the snapshot is applied and false (or rejects)
+ * when it could not be; it must not apply anything once `signal` aborts. A
+ * rejection named AbortError is a request the source dropped for a newer
+ * one: it is not a failure, and nothing is cleared.
+ *
+ * @param {{id: string, clock: ReturnType<typeof import('./worldClock.js').createWorldClock>,
+ *   source: () => object|null,
+ *   load: (atMs: number, options: {signal: AbortSignal, replace: boolean}) => Promise<boolean>,
+ *   clear: () => void, resumeLive: () => void,
+ *   now?: () => number, setTimeout?: typeof globalThis.setTimeout,
+ *   clearTimeout?: typeof globalThis.clearTimeout}} options `source`
+ *   returns the layer's current source; it is read when the layer starts.
+ */
+export function createSnapshotTimeline({
+  id,
+  clock,
+  source,
+  load,
+  clear,
+  resumeLive,
+  now = () => globalThis.performance.now(),
+  setTimeout = globalThis.setTimeout,
+  clearTimeout = globalThis.clearTimeout,
+}) {
+  let timeline = null;
+  let releases = [];
+  let started = false;
+  // Whether the layer was away from live when it last heard of the clock.
+  let wasActive = false;
+  let lastJumps = null;
+  let lastTimeMs = null;
+  // Each request's number; an answer to an older one is dropped.
+  let sequence = 0;
+  let inflight = null;
+  // The time of the newest snapshot applied since the last jump.
+  let lead = null;
+  // Cleared for a time outside coverage, so it is not cleared again.
+  let empty = false;
+  let waiting = null;
+  let waitTimer = null;
+  // Play waited its longest on the snapshot loading: it goes on without it.
+  let capped = false;
+  let gated;
+  let failedUntil = -Infinity;
+  let retryTimer = null;
+
+  const span = () => {
+    let covered;
+    try {
+      covered = timeline.coverage();
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error(`Snapshot coverage failed: ${id}`, error);
+      return null;
+    }
+    return covered &&
+      Number.isFinite(covered.start) &&
+      Number.isFinite(covered.end) &&
+      covered.end >= covered.start
+      ? covered
+      : null;
+  };
+  const within = (timeMs, covered) =>
+    timeMs >= covered.start && timeMs <= covered.end;
+  const stepAtOrBefore = (timeMs) =>
+    Math.floor(timeMs / timeline.stepMs) * timeline.stepMs;
+  const playsOn = (state) => state.playing && !state.stepping;
+
+  const setGate = (ms) => {
+    if (ms === gated) return;
+    gated = ms;
+    clock.gate(id, ms);
+  };
+  const stopWaiting = () => {
+    const release = waiting;
+    waiting = null;
+    if (waitTimer !== null) clearTimeout(waitTimer);
+    waitTimer = null;
+    release?.();
+  };
+  const startWaiting = () => {
+    if (waiting || capped) return;
+    waiting = clock.wait(id);
+    waitTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+      waitTimer = null;
+      capped = true;
+      stopWaiting();
+      setGate(null);
+    }, SNAPSHOT_WAIT_MS);
+  };
+  const stopRetry = () => {
+    if (retryTimer !== null) clearTimeout(retryTimer);
+    retryTimer = null;
+  };
+  // Drop what loads; nothing that answers afterwards applies.
+  const cancel = () => {
+    sequence += 1;
+    inflight?.controller.abort();
+    inflight = null;
+    capped = false;
+    stopWaiting();
+    stopRetry();
+  };
+  const clearOnce = () => {
+    if (empty) return;
+    empty = true;
+    clear();
+  };
+
+  function request(atMs, replace) {
+    // One load at a time: an older one is dropped before a newer starts.
+    inflight?.controller.abort();
+    const mine = ++sequence;
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    inflight = { atMs, controller };
+    const failed = () => {
+      inflight = null;
+      // A time that could not be shown shows nothing, not another time.
+      if (replace) clearOnce();
+      capped = false;
+      stopWaiting();
+      failedUntil = now() + SNAPSHOT_RETRY_MS;
+      stopRetry();
+      retryTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+        retryTimer = null;
+        if (started) follow(clock.getState());
+      }, SNAPSHOT_RETRY_MS);
+    };
+    // The source dropped this request for a newer one of its own: nothing
+    // failed, so nothing is cleared or held back; the time is asked for again
+    // as the clock next moves, or shortly.
+    const superseded = () => {
+      inflight = null;
+      stopRetry();
+      retryTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+        retryTimer = null;
+        if (started) follow(clock.getState());
+      }, SNAPSHOT_RETRY_MS);
+    };
+    Promise.resolve()
+      .then(() => load(atMs, { signal: controller.signal, replace }))
+      .then(
+        (applied) => {
+          if (mine !== sequence || controller.signal.aborted) return;
+          if (applied === false) {
+            failed();
+            return;
+          }
+          inflight = null;
+          lead = atMs;
+          empty = false;
+          capped = false;
+          stopWaiting();
+          follow(clock.getState());
+        },
+        (error) => {
+          if (mine !== sequence || controller.signal.aborted) return;
+          if (error?.name === 'AbortError') {
+            superseded();
+            return;
+          }
+          console.warn(`Snapshot at ${atMs} failed: ${id}`, error);
+          failed();
+        },
+      );
+  }
+
+  // Show the time afresh: the snapshot at its step replaces every contact.
+  function jumpTo(timeMs) {
+    cancel();
+    lead = null;
+    setGate(null);
+    const covered = span();
+    if (!covered) return;
+    if (!within(timeMs, covered)) {
+      clearOnce();
+      return;
+    }
+    startWaiting();
+    request(Math.max(covered.start, stepAtOrBefore(timeMs)), true);
+  }
+
+  // The time moved on by itself, or nothing moved: load what it now needs.
+  function keepUp(timeMs, state) {
+    const covered = span();
+    if (!covered) return;
+    if (!within(timeMs, covered)) {
+      cancel();
+      lead = null;
+      setGate(null);
+      clearOnce();
+      return;
+    }
+    if (inflight) {
+      if (playsOn(state) && timeMs >= inflight.atMs) startWaiting();
+      return;
+    }
+    if (now() < failedUntil) return;
+    if (lead === null) {
+      jumpTo(timeMs);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!playsOn(state)) {
+      setGate(null);
+      return;
+    }
+    const step = timeline.stepMs;
+    if (lead - timeMs >= step) {
+      setGate(lead);
+      return;
+    }
+    const next = Math.min(
+      covered.end,
+      Math.max(lead + step, stepAtOrBefore(timeMs) + step),
+    );
+    if (next <= lead) {
+      setGate(null);
+      return;
+    }
+    setGate(capped ? null : next);
+    request(next, false);
+  }
+
+  function follow(state) {
+    if (!started) return;
+    if (state.live) {
+      lastJumps = state.jumps;
+      lastTimeMs = null;
+      if (!wasActive) return;
+      wasActive = false;
+      cancel();
+      setGate(null);
+      lead = null;
+      empty = false;
+      failedUntil = -Infinity;
+      clear();
+      resumeLive();
+      return;
+    }
+    const timeMs = state.timeMs;
+    const jumped =
+      !wasActive ||
+      state.jumps !== lastJumps ||
+      (lastTimeMs !== null && timeMs < lastTimeMs);
+    wasActive = true;
+    lastJumps = state.jumps;
+    lastTimeMs = timeMs;
+    if (jumped) {
+      failedUntil = -Infinity;
+      jumpTo(timeMs);
+    } else keepUp(timeMs, state);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    /** The source's timeline while the layer follows the clock, else null. */
+    get timeline() {
+      return started ? timeline : null;
+    },
+    /** Whether the layer shows the snapshots this loads instead of polling. */
+    active: () => started && !clock.isLive(),
+    /** The layer is on: follow the clock if its source declares a timeline. */
+    start() {
+      if (started) return;
+      timeline = readSnapshotTimeline(source());
+      if (!timeline) return;
+      started = true;
+      wasActive = false;
+      lastJumps = null;
+      lastTimeMs = null;
+      lead = null;
+      empty = false;
+      failedUntil = -Infinity;
+      gated = undefined;
+      releases = [
+        clock.hold(id),
+        clock.register({ id, coverage: () => span() }),
+        clock.subscribe(follow),
+      ];
+      const unsubscribe = timeline.subscribe?.(() => clock.coverageChanged());
+      if (typeof unsubscribe === 'function') releases.push(unsubscribe);
+      follow(clock.getState());
+    },
+    /** Load the time shown afresh, as when the area the layer asks for moved. */
+    reload() {
+      if (!started || clock.isLive()) return;
+      failedUntil = -Infinity;
+      jumpTo(clock.getState().timeMs);
+    },
+    /** The layer is off: stop following and drop what loads. */
+    stop() {
+      if (!started) return;
+      started = false;
+      cancel();
+      setGate(null);
+      wasActive = false;
+      lead = null;
+      for (const release of releases.splice(0).reverse()) release();
+      timeline = null;
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/time/snapshotTimeline.test.mjs b/src/time/snapshotTimeline.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0be59fb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/time/snapshotTimeline.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { createWorldClock } from './worldClock.js';
+import {
+  createSnapshotTimeline,
+  SNAPSHOT_RETRY_MS,
+  SNAPSHOT_WAIT_MS,
+} from './snapshotTimeline.js';
+
+const STEP = 10_000;
+const WALL = Date.UTC(2026, 10, 1, 12);
+
+function harness({ timeline = true, coverage } = {}) {
+  const t = {
+    wall: WALL,
+    mono: 1_000,
+    timers: new Map(),
+    nextId: 1,
+  };
+  const clock = createWorldClock({
+    now: () => t.wall,
+    monotonicNow: () => t.mono,
+    setInterval: () => 0,
+    clearInterval: () => {},
+    requestFrame: null,
+    cancelFrame: null,
+  });
+  let span =
+    coverage === undefined ? { start: WALL - 3_600_000, end: WALL } : coverage;
+  const coverageListeners = new Set();
+  const source = {
+    getSnapshot() {},
+    ...(timeline && {
+      timeline: {
+        coverage: () => span,
+        stepMs: STEP,
+        subscribe(listener) {
+          coverageListeners.add(listener);
+          return () => coverageListeners.delete(listener);
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+  };
+  const calls = [];
+  const pending = [];
+  const timers = {
+    setTimeout: (fn, ms) => {
+      const id = t.nextId++;
+      t.timers.set(id, { fn, at: t.mono + ms });
+      return id;
+    },
+    clearTimeout: (id) => t.timers.delete(id),
+  };
+  const follower = createSnapshotTimeline({
+    id: 'flights',
+    clock,
+    source: () => source,
+    load: (atMs, { signal, replace }) =>
+      new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        calls.push({ type: 'load', atMs, replace });
+        pending.push({ atMs, replace, signal, resolve, reject });
+      }),
+    clear: () => calls.push({ type: 'clear' }),
+    resumeLive: () => calls.push({ type: 'live' }),
+    now: () => t.mono,
+    ...timers,
+  });
+  return {
+    t,
+    clock,
+    follower,
+    calls,
+    pending,
+    setCoverage(next) {
+      span = next;
+      for (const listener of coverageListeners) listener();
+    },
+    coverageListeners,
+    advance(ms) {
+      t.wall += ms;
+      t.mono += ms;
+      for (const [id, timer] of [...t.timers]) {
+        if (timer.at > t.mono) continue;
+        t.timers.delete(id);
+        timer.fn();
+      }
+    },
+    async answer(index = 0, value = true) {
+      pending.splice(index, 1)[0].resolve(value);
+      await flush();
+    },
+  };
+}
+const flush = () => new Promise((resolve) => setImmediate(resolve));
+const loads = (calls) => calls.filter((call) => call.type === 'load');
+
+test('a source with no timeline never follows the clock nor asks for a time', async () => {
+  const h = harness({ timeline: false });
+  h.follower.start();
+  assert.equal(h.follower.timeline, null);
+  assert.equal(h.clock.follows('flights'), false);
+  assert.equal(h.clock.coverage(), null);
+  h.clock.seek(WALL - 600_000);
+  h.clock.play();
+  h.advance(30_000);
+  h.clock.goLive();
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(h.follower.active(), false);
+  assert.deepEqual(h.calls, []);
+  h.follower.stop();
+});
+
+test('at the live edge a layer with a timeline only follows and registers', async () => {
+  const h = harness();
+  h.follower.start();
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(h.clock.follows('flights'), true);
+  assert.deepEqual(h.clock.coverage(), {
+    start: WALL - 3_600_000,
+    end: WALL,
+    marks: [],
+  });
+  assert.equal(h.follower.active(), false);
+  assert.deepEqual(h.calls, []);
+  h.follower.stop();
+  assert.equal(h.clock.follows('flights'), false);
+  assert.equal(h.clock.coverage(), null);
+});
+
+test('a seek asks for the step at or before the time, holding play while it loads', async () => {
+  const h = harness();
+  h.follower.start();
+  const at = WALL - 600_000 + 4_321;
+  h.clock.seek(at);
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(h.follower.active(), true);
+  assert.deepEqual(loads(h.calls), [
+    { type: 'load', atMs: WALL - 600_000, replace: true },
+  ]);
+  h.clock.play();
+  h.advance(2_000);
+  assert.equal(h.clock.now(), at, 'play waits on the snapshot');
+  assert.equal(h.clock.getState().buffering, true);
+  await h.answer();
+  assert.equal(h.clock.getState().buffering, false);
+  h.follower.stop();
+});
+
+test('a seek back replaces the contacts and an older answer is dropped', async () => {
+  const h = harness();
+  h.follower.start();
+  h.clock.seek(WALL - 600_000);
+  await flush();
+  const first = h.pending[0];
+  h.clock.seek(WALL - 1_200_000);
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(first.signal.aborted, true, 'the older load is cancelled');
+  first.resolve(true);
+  await flush();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    loads(h.calls).map(({ atMs, replace }) => [atMs, replace]),
+    [
+      [WALL - 600_000, true],
+      [WALL - 1_200_000, true],
+    ],
+  );
+  await h.answer(1);
+  // Going backwards in time is a jump too, even without a seek.
+  h.clock.seek(WALL - 1_300_000);
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(loads(h.calls).at(-1).replace, true);
+  h.follower.stop();
+});
+
+test('playing on asks for the next step and play does not pass it unloaded', async () => {
+  const h = harness();
+  h.follower.start();
+  const at = WALL - 600_000;
+  h.clock.seek(at);
+  await flush();
+  await h.answer();
+  h.clock.play();
+  h.advance(100);
+  // A tick: the clock tells its listeners as play goes on.
+  h.clock.coverageChanged();
+  await flush();
+  assert.deepEqual(loads(h.calls).at(-1), {
+    type: 'load',
+    atMs: at + STEP,
+    replace: false,
+  });
+  h.advance(STEP * 2);
+  assert.equal(h.clock.now(), at + STEP, 'gated at the step still loading');
+  h.clock.coverageChanged();
+  assert.equal(h.clock.getState().buffering, true);
+  await h.answer(h.pending.length - 1);
+  assert.equal(h.clock.getState().buffering, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(loads(h.calls).at(-1), {
+    type: 'load',
+    atMs: at + 2 * STEP,
+    replace: false,
+  });
+  // A step that never comes holds play for at most SNAPSHOT_WAIT_MS.
+  h.advance(STEP * 2);
+  h.clock.coverageChanged();
+  assert.equal(h.clock.getState().buffering, true);
+  h.advance(SNAPSHOT_WAIT_MS);
+  assert.equal(h.clock.getState().buffering, false);
+  h.advance(1_000);
+  assert.ok(h.clock.now() > at + 2 * STEP, 'play went on without it');
+  h.follower.stop();
+});
+
+test('a failed snapshot clears the time and is asked again later', async () => {
+  const h = harness();
+  h.follower.start();
+  h.clock.seek(WALL - 600_000);
+  await flush();
+  await h.answer(0, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(h.calls.at(-1), { type: 'clear' });
+  assert.equal(loads(h.calls).length, 1);
+  h.advance(SNAPSHOT_RETRY_MS);
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(loads(h.calls).length, 2);
+  assert.equal(loads(h.calls)[1].replace, true);
+  h.follower.stop();
+});
+
+test('outside coverage the layer is cleared and nothing loads; unknown coverage waits', async () => {
+  const h = harness({ coverage: null });
+  h.follower.start();
+  h.clock.seek(WALL - 600_000);
+  await flush();
+  assert.deepEqual(h.calls, [], 'no coverage yet: nothing loads or clears');
+  h.setCoverage({ start: WALL - 3_600_000, end: WALL });
+  await flush();
+  assert.deepEqual(loads(h.calls), [
+    { type: 'load', atMs: WALL - 600_000, replace: true },
+  ]);
+  await h.answer();
+  h.clock.seek(WALL - 7_200_000);
+  await flush();
+  assert.deepEqual(h.calls.at(-1), { type: 'clear' });
+  assert.equal(loads(h.calls).length, 1);
+  h.follower.stop();
+  assert.equal(h.coverageListeners.size, 0);
+});
+
+test('back at live the layer is cleared and polls at once', async () => {
+  const h = harness();
+  h.follower.start();
+  h.clock.seek(WALL - 600_000);
+  await flush();
+  const inflight = h.pending[0];
+  h.clock.goLive();
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(inflight.signal.aborted, true);
+  assert.deepEqual(h.calls.slice(-2), [{ type: 'clear' }, { type: 'live' }]);
+  assert.equal(h.follower.active(), false);
+  h.follower.stop();
+});
+
+test('a load the source drops for a newer one is no failure: nothing clears, it is asked again', async () => {
+  const h = harness();
+  h.follower.start();
+  h.clock.seek(WALL - 600_000);
+  await flush();
+  h.pending
+    .shift()
+    .reject(new DOMException('Superseded by a newer request', 'AbortError'));
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(
+    h.calls.some((call) => call.type === 'clear'),
+    false,
+    'the layer keeps what it shows',
+  );
+  assert.equal(loads(h.calls).length, 1);
+  h.advance(SNAPSHOT_RETRY_MS);
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(loads(h.calls).length, 2, 'the time is asked for again');
+  assert.equal(loads(h.calls)[1].replace, true);
+  h.follower.stop();
+});
+
+test('a layer never has two loads out: the older is aborted before a newer starts', async () => {
+  const h = harness();
+  h.follower.start();
+  const live = () => h.pending.filter(({ signal }) => !signal.aborted).length;
+  h.clock.seek(WALL - 600_000);
+  await flush();
+  await h.answer();
+  h.clock.play();
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(live(), 1, 'the next step loads');
+  h.follower.reload();
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(live(), 1, 'a reload drops it first');
+  h.clock.seek(WALL - 900_000);
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(live(), 1, 'a seek drops it first');
+  assert.equal(h.pending.length, 3);
+  h.follower.stop();
+  assert.equal(live(), 0);
+});
diff --git a/src/time/worldClock.js b/src/time/worldClock.js
index edfe4c283..ad83f6a41 100644
--- a/src/time/worldClock.js
+++ b/src/time/worldClock.js
@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@
  * clock holds a cursor, fixed or playing. Only the layers that follow the clock
  * move with the cursor; the rest keep reading the live edge through
  * `timeFor(id)`. On the page's clock the layers whose data has a time of its
- * own (the sky, satellites, launches and weather) follow it; live feeds such
- * as flights and vessels have no time to move to and stay live.
+ * own (the sky, satellites, launches and weather) follow it. Flights,
+ * military aircraft and vessels follow it only when their source declares a
+ * timeline, that is, can answer a snapshot at a given time (see
+ * src/time/snapshotTimeline.js); otherwise they stay live.
  *
  * Playback is continuous (`cursor + elapsed × rate`) unless a driver takes
  * it: weather replay steps its observed frames itself and moves the clock as
@@ -64,6 +66,9 @@ export function createWorldClock({
   let anchorMono = 0;
   let rate = 1;
   let playing = false;
+  // How many times the cursor has jumped (a seek, a return to live), so a
+  // layer can tell a jump from the cursor playing on.
+  let jumps = 0;
   // The driver handle stepping the clock, or null.
   let active = null;
   let ticker = null;
@@ -118,6 +123,7 @@ export function createWorldClock({
       buffering: continuous() && buffering(),
       following: followedIds(),
       supported: isSupported(),
+      jumps,
     });
   // Each listener hears the state as it is when called. A change made from
   // inside a listener notifies everyone afresh, and the outer round stops, so
@@ -182,6 +188,7 @@ export function createWorldClock({
       live = false;
       cursorMs = ms;
       anchorMono = monotonicNow();
+      jumps += 1;
       changed();
     },
     /** Back to the wall clock; playback stops and its rate goes back to 1. */
@@ -193,6 +200,7 @@ export function createWorldClock({
       playing = false;
       active = null;
       rate = 1;
+      jumps += 1;
       // Its driven(false) finds nothing left to stop.
       stepping?.driver.pause();
       changed();
@@ -300,8 +308,10 @@ export function createWorldClock({
           active = handle;
           playing = true;
           live = false;
-          if (Number.isFinite(atMs)) cursorMs = atMs;
-          else cursorMs ??= now();
+          if (Number.isFinite(atMs)) {
+            cursorMs = atMs;
+            jumps += 1;
+          } else cursorMs ??= now();
           anchorMono = monotonicNow();
           if (previous && previous !== handle) previous.driver.pause();
           changed();
diff --git a/src/time/worldClock.test.mjs b/src/time/worldClock.test.mjs
index f81fa85a9..323fa7202 100644
--- a/src/time/worldClock.test.mjs
+++ b/src/time/worldClock.test.mjs
@@ -387,3 +387,24 @@ test('playing, listeners hear of the time every animation frame', () => {
   clock.pause();
   assert.equal(frames.size, 0);
 });
+
+test('a seek or a return to live counts as a jump; play does not', () => {
+  const t = fakeTime();
+  const clock = createWorldClock(t.options);
+  assert.equal(clock.getState().jumps, 0);
+  clock.seek(t.wall - 60_000);
+  assert.equal(clock.getState().jumps, 1);
+  clock.seek(t.wall - 60_000);
+  assert.equal(clock.getState().jumps, 1, 'the same paused time is no jump');
+  clock.play();
+  t.advance(1_000);
+  t.timers.forEach(({ fn }) => fn());
+  assert.equal(clock.getState().jumps, 1, 'playing on is no jump');
+  clock.pause();
+  clock.setRate(4);
+  assert.equal(clock.getState().jumps, 1);
+  clock.goLive();
+  assert.equal(clock.getState().jumps, 2);
+  clock.goLive();
+  assert.equal(clock.getState().jumps, 2, 'already live is no jump');
+});
diff --git a/src/ui/layerPanel.js b/src/ui/layerPanel.js
index cc597c613..896627bdc 100644
--- a/src/ui/layerPanel.js
+++ b/src/ui/layerPanel.js
@@ -740,7 +740,9 @@ export class LayerPanel {
     ) {
       return `${source} · ${translateStatusMessage(stats.statusMessage.trim())}`;
     }
-    const ago = stats.lastUpdate ? this._timeAgo(stats.lastUpdate) : t('never');
+    const ago = stats.lastUpdate
+      ? this._timeAgo(stats.lastUpdate, stats.atMs)
+      : t('never');
     if (stats.loading) {
       const loadingLabel =
         typeof stats.loadingLabel === 'string' && stats.loadingLabel.trim()
@@ -783,7 +785,7 @@ export class LayerPanel {
       // row by the oldest of it, not by the load that re-served it.
       const dataAgo =
         Number(stats.oldestTileAt) > 0
-          ? this._timeAgo(stats.oldestTileAt)
+          ? this._timeAgo(stats.oldestTileAt, stats.atMs)
           : ago;
       if (typeof stats.retryInSec === 'number' && stats.retryInSec > 0) {
         return t('{state} · {source} · {ago} · retrying in {seconds}s', {
@@ -808,8 +810,11 @@ export class LayerPanel {
     return t('{source} · {ago}', { source, ago });
   }
 
-  _timeAgo(timestamp) {
-    const diff = Math.floor((Date.now() - timestamp) / 1000);
+  /** How long before `nowMs` (the layer's world time, else the wall clock). */
+  _timeAgo(timestamp, nowMs) {
+    const diff = Math.floor(
+      ((Number.isFinite(nowMs) ? nowMs : Date.now()) - timestamp) / 1000,
+    );
     if (diff < 5) return t('just now');
     if (diff < 60) return t('{count}s ago', { count: diff });
     if (diff < 3600) return t('{count}m ago', { count: Math.floor(diff / 60) });

From cbbf55cacdd799f7b058ce0850ce3f3d113a6036 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 18:12:50 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 165/181] feat(vessels): key vessels by their source's stable
 id, and share a selected vessel

AIS Vessels are keyed by the id their live source gives, with the MMSI as an
attribute: an MMSI can be shared, spoofed or reused, so two vessels with one
MMSI are now two vessels. Looking a vessel up or selecting it by MMSI still
finds it.

A share link made while a vessel is selected opens that vessel. A UUID vessel
id travels as 16 bytes in a new thing field (13). A shared thing that is not
reporting now says so in a sentence per kind, with its id (ICAO, NORAD, MMSI
or vessel UUID) on a second line.
---
 changelog.d/0-contacts-follow-world-clock.md |  31 +-
 docs/CODE-BOUNDARIES.md                      |   5 +-
 docs/SHARE-LINK-FORMAT.md                    |  55 +-
 docs/TOOLS.md                                |   2 +-
 src/data/aisLiveVessels.analyst.test.mjs     |  12 +
 src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs             |  87 +-
 src/data/firmsInteraction.test.mjs           |   2 +-
 src/data/militaryAwareness.test.mjs          |   2 +-
 src/data/militaryAwarenessEngine.js          |   4 +-
 src/data/pickRegistry.js                     |   6 +-
 src/data/pickRegistry.test.mjs               |  14 +-
 src/data/pickedContext.js                    |   4 +-
 src/data/vesselLabels.js                     |   2 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json                     |  16 +-
 src/i18n/locales/de.json                     |  16 +-
 src/i18n/locales/es.json                     |  16 +-
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json                     |  16 +-
 src/i18n/locales/he.json                     |  16 +-
 src/i18n/locales/it.json                     |  16 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json                     |  16 +-
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json                     |  16 +-
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json                     |  16 +-
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json                     |  16 +-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json                  |  16 +-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json                |  16 +-
 src/i18n/same-as-english.json                |  45 +-
 src/layers/awareness/history.js              |   2 +-
 src/layers/awareness/panel.js                |   2 +-
 src/layers/awareness/subject.js              |   4 +-
 src/layers/vessels/cards.js                  |  14 +-
 src/layers/vessels/clockFollow.test.mjs      |  10 +-
 src/layers/vessels/cockpitSubject.js         |   8 +-
 src/layers/vessels/cockpitSubject.test.mjs   |  26 +-
 src/layers/vessels/evidence.js               |   2 +-
 src/layers/vessels/ingestion.js              |   4 +-
 src/layers/vessels/lifecycle.js              |   8 +-
 src/layers/vessels/ownership.test.mjs        |  98 +-
 src/layers/vessels/queries.js                | 157 +++-
 src/layers/vessels/radarContacts.test.mjs    |   2 +-
 src/layers/vessels/records.js                |  55 +-
 src/layers/vessels/records.test.mjs          |  72 +-
 src/layers/vessels/rendering.js              |  20 +-
 src/layers/vessels/selection.js              |  39 +-
 src/layers/vessels/snapshotRenderer.js       |   8 +-
 src/layers/vessels/state.js                  |   8 +-
 src/layers/vessels/testing.js                |  23 +-
 src/layers/vessels/tracking.js               |  18 +-
 src/loadingFeedback.test.mjs                 | 904 ++++++++++++++-----
 src/share/follow.js                          |  27 +
 src/share/viewCodec.js                       |  65 +-
 src/share/viewCodec.test.mjs                 | 212 +++++
 src/sources/live/contract.js                 |  10 +-
 src/sources/live/contract.test.mjs           |  61 ++
 src/sources/live/vessels.js                  |  57 +-
 src/time/snapshotTimeline.js                 |  20 +-
 src/time/snapshotTimeline.test.mjs           |  32 +
 src/tools/queries/maritime.js                |  46 +-
 src/tools/queries/maritime.test.mjs          |  50 +
 src/ui/applicationShell.js                   |   7 +-
 src/ui/cockpitBridge.test.mjs                |  24 +-
 src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js                    |   2 +-
 src/ui/cockpitCamera.js                      |   6 +-
 src/ui/cockpitController.js                  |   2 +-
 src/ui/cockpitCoordinator.js                 |   2 +-
 src/ui/cockpitInput.js                       |   8 +-
 src/ui/cockpitTrackingController.js          |  11 +-
 src/ui/shareFollow.js                        |  65 +-
 src/ui/shareLinks.test.mjs                   | 228 ++++-
 src/ui/shareRestoration.js                   | 112 ++-
 src/ui/styles/status.css                     |  18 +
 src/voice/gevActions.js                      |  15 +-
 src/voice/pointAndAskReview.test.mjs         |  25 +
 src/voice/referents.js                       |  13 +-
 src/voice/speech.js                          |   2 +-
 74 files changed, 2481 insertions(+), 586 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changelog.d/0-contacts-follow-world-clock.md b/changelog.d/0-contacts-follow-world-clock.md
index 6f9a1d402..3755ed7d6 100644
--- a/changelog.d/0-contacts-follow-world-clock.md
+++ b/changelog.d/0-contacts-follow-world-clock.md
@@ -3,5 +3,34 @@
   (`source.timeline`, read by `readSnapshotTimeline` from
   `gods-eye-view/sources/live`). Away from live they show the snapshot at the
   clock's time and move on with it as it plays; back at live they poll as
-  before. A source with no timeline keeps them live, unchanged (Sameh Khamis,
+  before. A source's `timeline.subscribe` may also tell of a better answer
+  for a time it has answered; paused, the layer loads the time shown again.
+  A source with no timeline keeps them live, unchanged (Sameh Khamis,
   @samehkhamis, #PR).
+- AIS Vessels are keyed by the stable id their live source gives (`id` on a
+  vessel record), not by MMSI: vessels can share an MMSI, through spoofing,
+  reused numbers or defaults such as 0, and a number can move to another
+  hull. Two vessels sharing an MMSI are now two vessels, each selected,
+  followed and carded on its own. The MMSI is an attribute (`mmsi`), shown
+  when known and `--` otherwise, up to ten digits; looking a vessel up or
+  selecting it by MMSI (an older link, say) still finds a vessel with it, and
+  a vessel with no name is no longer named by its id. `vesselSnapshot` takes
+  `idFor(row)` for a source whose rows carry an id of their own. Tool and voice results carry the vessel's id beside its MMSI
+  (`id`, or `vesselId` where `id` is a display label), and `get_vessel_track`
+  also takes an `id`. AISStream has only MMSIs, so its vessels are keyed by
+  MMSI and nothing changes there (Sameh Khamis, @samehkhamis, #PR).
+- A share link made while a vessel is selected (and the camera follows
+  nothing) now opens that vessel: the link names it, opens with the camera
+  where it was, looking at the vessel, and selects the vessel once the feed
+  has it, at the link's world time when it has one. A vessel id that is a
+  source's stable id, such as a UUID, travels as its 16 bytes in a new thing
+  field (13), so the link stays short (62 characters where a followed
+  aircraft's is 44). MMSI and other ids, and links already shared, are
+  unchanged; an app that predates the field opens such a link at the same
+  camera, without selecting the vessel. A camera that no follow offset can
+  carry (below the vessel's horizon, say) still makes a place view.
+  A shared flight, military flight, vessel or satellite that is not reporting
+  now says so in a sentence ("The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing
+  where it was at 14:05"), with its id on a second line under it (ICAO,
+  NORAD, MMSI or vessel UUID) instead of at the head of the sentence (Sameh
+  Khamis, @samehkhamis, #PR).
diff --git a/docs/CODE-BOUNDARIES.md b/docs/CODE-BOUNDARIES.md
index 591db02dc..b30c3aba1 100644
--- a/docs/CODE-BOUNDARIES.md
+++ b/docs/CODE-BOUNDARIES.md
@@ -634,8 +634,9 @@ source-time fallback and model-owned ground policy. The renderer supplies that
 ownership fact and handles stale-ground lifting, Cesium history and primitives;
 record reconciliation does not import the engine or application.
 
-`layers/vessels/records` owns plain AIS metadata, stable MMSI identity and bounded
-retention. `layers/vessels/ingestion` owns source requests and feed state through
+`layers/vessels/records` owns plain AIS metadata, identity by the stable id the
+source gives (an MMSI only for a feed that has nothing else; the MMSI itself is
+an attribute) and bounded retention. `layers/vessels/ingestion` owns source requests and feed state through
 explicit operations. Both exports exclude Cesium, DOM and application assembly.
 The snapshot renderer applies record changes; rendering owns a weak map of
 geometry and billboard resources used by cards, picking and trails.
diff --git a/docs/SHARE-LINK-FORMAT.md b/docs/SHARE-LINK-FORMAT.md
index bf69653f9..8d2e99383 100644
--- a/docs/SHARE-LINK-FORMAT.md
+++ b/docs/SHARE-LINK-FORMAT.md
@@ -28,7 +28,11 @@ Following an aircraft is 42–50: 42 when the link is made from the app's own
 follow camera with the fix taken as the link is made, 44 with a fix four
 seconds older, and 50 after orbiting to another heading and pitch. A view in
 any other style that keeps the style's own look adds only the style (two
-bytes): the 42-character followed aircraft in Noir is 44.
+bytes): the 42-character followed aircraft in Noir is 44. A selected vessel
+named by its MMSI costs what an aircraft does (46 characters for the
+44-character aircraft above); one named by a UUID costs 13 bytes more, as its
+16 bytes travel raw (62 characters where the aircraft is 44, rather than about
+88 with the UUID as text).
 
 ## Opening a short link
 
@@ -47,9 +51,22 @@ best effort: until the entity is found, and if it is not found in time, the
 camera is where the link was made, looking at the entity's last-known fix,
 and the app says that the entity isn't reporting and when the fix was taken.
 The share button makes a thing view while the camera follows an aircraft,
-military aircraft or satellite. A selected vessel is not followed (the camera
-stays where the user puts it), so a link made then is a place view; vessel
-thing views open, but the app does not make them yet.
+military aircraft or satellite. While the camera follows nothing and a vessel
+is selected, it makes a vessel thing view: the fix is the vessel's position
+as drawn (as of the world time while the vessel layer follows the world
+clock, else as of its latest position report), and the offset is the one whose derived camera is
+where the user's camera is (`followOffsetFor` in `src/share/follow.js`, the
+inverse of `followCameraFor`, taken from the fix at the format's precision).
+The opened camera is then within the offset's whole metres and degrees of
+where the link was made, looking at the vessel. When no offset can carry the
+camera, because it is not above the vessel's local horizontal (it would look
+up at the vessel, or through the earth) or its range is outside 1 m to
+10⁸ m, the link is a place view as before. A vessel is selected, not
+followed, so the camera stays where the user puts it. Following an entity
+takes priority over a selected vessel, and a followed entity the format
+cannot name still makes a place view. Opening a vessel thing view with a
+world time waits for the vessel layer's snapshot at that time and selects the
+vessel once it has it.
 
 ## Payload
 
@@ -274,14 +291,23 @@ sub-message:
 | 10  | fix alt     | sint metres                                              | 0       |
 | 11  | fix age     | sint seconds the fix predates the created-at time        | 0       |
 | 12  | observed-at | epoch, when the fix was taken; only without a created-at | none    |
+| 13  | vessel id   | UUID, 16 bytes (LEN)                                     |         |
 
 The entity kind is the field that carries the id (its code in
-`SHARE_VIEW_ENTITY_KINDS`), so it costs nothing; exactly one of fields 1–4 is
-present (two is malformed). Entity ids are the ones the layers look up: an
-aircraft's ICAO 24-bit address (six hex digits, stored as a number; other
-forms such as TIS-B `~abc123` as text), a vessel's MMSI and a satellite's
-NORAD catalog number (decimal numbers; an MMSI with a leading zero stays
-text). Ids are lowercase and match `[0-9a-z~_-]{1,16}`.
+`SHARE_VIEW_ENTITY_KINDS`, or field 13 for a vessel), so it costs nothing;
+exactly one of fields 1–4 and 13 is present (two is malformed). Entity ids are
+the ones the layers look up: an aircraft's ICAO 24-bit address (six hex
+digits, stored as a number; other forms such as TIS-B `~abc123` as text), a
+vessel's id (its MMSI, or a source's stable id, such as a UUID) and a
+satellite's NORAD catalog number (decimal numbers; an MMSI with a leading
+zero stays text). Ids are lowercase and match `[0-9a-z~_-]{1,16}`, except a
+vessel id that is a UUID (`xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx`, lowercase
+hex): it is written as its 16 bytes in field 13 rather than as 36 characters
+of text in field 3, after the other thing fields, and decodes as the
+lowercase dashed UUID. Field 13 of any other length is malformed. A decoder
+that predates field 13 skips it, finds no entity and opens the view as a
+place at its derived camera (`unknown-entity-kind`), as for a new entity kind,
+so the field needed no new version.
 
 Fields 5–7 are the follow offset: the camera looks along (heading, pitch) at
 the entity from `range` metres away, heading clockwise from north, in the
@@ -319,8 +345,9 @@ bytes, a check byte that does not match (`checksum`), an unknown version byte,
 a truncated value, a varint over 8 bytes or above 2⁵³ − 1, an
 overlong varint, a LEN longer than what remains (at any level, including
 inside the thing sub-message), a reserved wire type, field number 0, a known
-field with the wrong wire type or repeated, two entity ids in one thing, a
-duplicate panel/option/style entry, non-ASCII text, and a latitude or
+field with the wrong wire type or repeated, two entity ids in one thing
+(field 13 counts as one), a UUID vessel id that is not 16 bytes
+(`bad-length`), a duplicate panel/option/style entry, non-ASCII text, and a latitude or
 longitude (camera or fix) beyond ±90/±180.
 
 Tolerated and reported in `unknownFields`: unknown fields at any level
@@ -358,8 +385,8 @@ the app that can open it.
    boolean takes the next flag bit instead, which costs nothing when it is at
    its default.
 6. **New view kinds and entity kinds** get the next code. A new entity kind's
-   id takes the next free thing field (13 onwards), so older apps skip it and
-   fall back to the camera. A thing that needs more than an id (for example a
+   id takes the next free thing field (14 onwards; 13 is a vessel id that is
+   a UUID), so older apps skip it and fall back to the camera. A thing that needs more than an id (for example a
    CCTV camera, a radio station or a transit vehicle) adds further thing
    fields the same way.
 7. **A new layer option** needs an entry in `SHARE_VIEW_LAYER_OPTION_ABSENT`
diff --git a/docs/TOOLS.md b/docs/TOOLS.md
index 80fd80b13..7fd4c0937 100644
--- a/docs/TOOLS.md
+++ b/docs/TOOLS.md
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ and the development server's internal routes. See SECURITY.md.
 | `get_aircraft_info`   | `aircraft`    | Aircraft type and registration, and flight route, from adsbdb  |
 | `vessels_in_area` | `vessels` | Ships reported by AIS in an area, nearest first, optionally by type; `group_by` and `stats` count and summarize every match |
 | `find_vessel` | `vessels` | Ships anywhere by MMSI, IMO number or name |
-| `get_vessel_track` | `vessels` | Recent positions of one ship, thinned to 200 points |
+| `get_vessel_track` | `vessels` | Recent positions of one ship by vessel id or MMSI, thinned to 200 points |
 | `next_satellite_pass` | `satellites` | Next pass over a place or point (default the ISS), with naked-eye visibility |
 | `satellites_overhead` | `satellites` | Satellites in a CelesTrak group above a place or point now, highest first |
 | `find_cctv_cameras` | `cctv` | Public cameras in an area, nearest first |
diff --git a/src/data/aisLiveVessels.analyst.test.mjs b/src/data/aisLiveVessels.analyst.test.mjs
index 636f84e31..5a015be50 100644
--- a/src/data/aisLiveVessels.analyst.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/aisLiveVessels.analyst.test.mjs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import { mapAnalystRecord } from './aisLiveVessels.js';
 
 const FULL_RECORD = {
+  id: '353136000',
   mmsi: '353136000',
   name: 'EVER GIVEN',
   lat: 29.55,
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ test('ais analyst record: full record maps every contract field', () => {
   const r = mapAnalystRecord(FULL_RECORD);
   assert.deepEqual(r, {
     id: 'EVER GIVEN',
+    vesselId: '353136000',
     mmsi: '353136000',
     name: 'EVER GIVEN',
     lat: 29.55,
@@ -38,6 +40,16 @@ test('ais analyst record: nameless vessel falls back to mmsi id', () => {
   assert.equal(r.name, null);
 });
 
+test('ais analyst record: the key is the source id; the MMSI rides along when known', () => {
+  const shared = mapAnalystRecord({ ...FULL_RECORD, id: 'provider-a' });
+  assert.equal(shared.vesselId, 'provider-a');
+  assert.equal(shared.mmsi, '353136000');
+  const noMmsi = mapAnalystRecord({ ...FULL_RECORD, id: 'provider-b', mmsi: '', name: '' });
+  assert.equal(noMmsi.vesselId, 'provider-b');
+  assert.equal(noMmsi.mmsi, null);
+  assert.equal(noMmsi.id, 'provider-b', 'a nameless vessel with no MMSI is labelled by its id');
+});
+
 test('ais analyst record: empty strings and NaN become null, never undefined', () => {
   const r = mapAnalystRecord({ mmsi: '', name: 'TUG', speed: NaN, type: '', destination: '' });
   assert.equal(r.mmsi, null);
diff --git a/src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs b/src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs
index 193136264..e427a5412 100644
--- a/src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/aisLiveVessels.test.mjs
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ test('zero accepted rows preserve warm vessel selection, trail, and freshness ti
     records: [record],
     selectedRecord: record,
     trail,
-    trailMmsi: record.mmsi,
+    trailId: record.mmsi,
     trailPositions: [POS],
     loaded: true,
     lastUpdate: 456,
@@ -314,8 +314,8 @@ test('zero accepted rows preserve warm vessel selection, trail, and freshness ti
       lastMessageAt: 789,
       rawRowCount: 1,
       acceptedRowCount: 0,
-      selectedMmsi: record.mmsi,
-      trailMmsi: record.mmsi,
+      selectedId: record.mmsi,
+      trailId: record.mmsi,
       trailPositionCount: 1,
       sessionId: _getVesselFeedStateForTest().sessionId,
       firstConnectPhase: 'idle',
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ test('superseded AIS response cannot mutate or finalize a replacement request',
       records: [replacement],
       selectedRecord: replacement,
       trail: replacementTrail,
-      trailMmsi: replacement.mmsi,
+      trailId: replacement.mmsi,
       trailPositions: [POS],
       loaded: true,
       lastUpdate: 200,
@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ test('superseded AIS response cannot mutate or finalize a replacement request',
     let feed = _getVesselFeedStateForTest();
     assert.equal(feed.loading, true, 'old finally must not clear replacement loading ownership');
     assert.equal(feed.lastUpdate, 200, 'old response must not advance replacement freshness');
-    assert.equal(feed.selectedMmsi, replacement.mmsi);
+    assert.equal(feed.selectedId, replacement.mmsi);
 
     second.resolve(jsonResponse({ status: 'open', lastMessageAt: null, rows: [] }));
     await replacementLoad;
@@ -590,8 +590,8 @@ test('superseded AIS response cannot mutate or finalize a replacement request',
     assert.equal(feed.lastUpdate, 200);
     assert.equal(feed.error, 'awaiting first AIS message…');
     assert.equal(feed.stale, true);
-    assert.equal(feed.selectedMmsi, replacement.mmsi);
-    assert.equal(feed.trailMmsi, replacement.mmsi);
+    assert.equal(feed.selectedId, replacement.mmsi);
+    assert.equal(feed.trailId, replacement.mmsi);
     assert.equal(replacementTrail.clearCalls, 0);
   } finally {
     globalThis.fetch = priorFetch;
@@ -784,21 +784,21 @@ test('vessel focus wire restores a hidden sprite before releasing the active pas
 
 test('vessel selection: empty-space click requests deselection', () => {
   assert.deepEqual(
-    reduceVesselSelection({ selectedMmsi: '353136000', gesture: 'click' }),
+    reduceVesselSelection({ selectedId: '353136000', gesture: 'click' }),
     { action: 'deselect' },
   );
 });
 
 test('vessel selection: no selection plus empty-space click is a no-op', () => {
   assert.deepEqual(
-    reduceVesselSelection({ selectedMmsi: null, pickedMmsi: null, gesture: 'click' }),
+    reduceVesselSelection({ selectedId: null, pickedId: null, gesture: 'click' }),
     { action: 'none' },
   );
 });
 
 test('vessel selection: Escape deselects only when this layer owns a selection', () => {
   assert.deepEqual(
-    reduceVesselSelection({ selectedMmsi: 353136000, gesture: 'escape' }),
+    reduceVesselSelection({ selectedId: 353136000, gesture: 'escape' }),
     { action: 'deselect' },
   );
   assert.deepEqual(
@@ -810,16 +810,16 @@ test('vessel selection: Escape deselects only when this layer owns a selection',
 test('vessel selection: another vessel replaces selection; same vessel is a no-op', () => {
   assert.deepEqual(
     reduceVesselSelection({
-      selectedMmsi: '353136000',
-      pickedMmsi: '367123450',
+      selectedId: '353136000',
+      pickedId: '367123450',
       gesture: 'click',
     }),
     { action: 'select' },
   );
   assert.deepEqual(
     reduceVesselSelection({
-      selectedMmsi: '353136000',
-      pickedMmsi: '353136000',
+      selectedId: '353136000',
+      pickedId: '353136000',
       gesture: 'click',
     }),
     { action: 'none' },
@@ -834,8 +834,9 @@ test('vessel selection: another vessel replaces selection; same vessel is a no-o
 
 const POS = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(4.05, 51.93, 3);
 
+// Like the layer's records, a vessel with no id of its own is keyed by its MMSI.
 function makeRecord(overrides = {}) {
-  return {
+  const record = {
     name: 'EVER GIVEN',
     mmsi: '353136000',
     type: 'Container Ship',
@@ -849,6 +850,8 @@ function makeRecord(overrides = {}) {
     billboard: null,
     ...overrides,
   };
+  if (!Object.hasOwn(overrides, 'id')) record.id = record.mmsi;
+  return record;
 }
 
 function makeTrailSpy() {
@@ -948,7 +951,7 @@ function installWireHarness(picked, stateOverrides = {}) {
     records: [record],
     selectedRecord: record,
     trail,
-    trailMmsi: record.mmsi,
+    trailId: record.mmsi,
     trailPositions: [POS],
     interactionHandlerFactory,
     interactionKeyTarget: keyTarget,
@@ -983,7 +986,7 @@ test('vessel interaction wire: trail pick does not deselect', () => {
     harness.handler.click({ position: { x: 10, y: 20 } });
     assert.equal(aisLiveVesselsLayer.getSelectedInfo()?.mmsi, harness.record.mmsi);
     assert.equal(harness.trail.clearCalls, 0);
-    assert.equal(_getVesselStateForTest().trailMmsi, harness.record.mmsi);
+    assert.equal(_getVesselStateForTest().trailId, harness.record.mmsi);
   } finally {
     harness.cleanup();
   }
@@ -1213,7 +1216,7 @@ test('vessel interaction lifecycle: disable detaches input and enable reinstalls
       selectedRecord: harness.record,
       enabled: false,
       trail: harness.trail,
-      trailMmsi: harness.record.mmsi,
+      trailId: harness.record.mmsi,
       trailPositions: [POS],
       interactionHandlerFactory: harness.interactionHandlerFactory,
       interactionKeyTarget: harness.keyTarget,
@@ -1287,7 +1290,7 @@ test('vessel trail lifecycle: deselect clears the selected-vessel trail', () =>
     aisLiveVesselsLayer.clearSelection();
     assert.equal(harness.trail.clearCalls, 1);
     assert.deepEqual(_getVesselStateForTest(), {
-      trailMmsi: null,
+      trailId: null,
       trailPositionCount: 0,
       vesselCount: 1,
     });
@@ -1302,14 +1305,14 @@ test('vessel trail lifecycle: reconciliation eviction clears an orphaned trail',
   _setVesselStateForTest({
     records: [record],
     trail,
-    trailMmsi: record.mmsi,
+    trailId: record.mmsi,
     trailPositions: [POS],
   });
   try {
     _reconcileVesselsForTest({}, []);
     assert.equal(trail.clearCalls, 1);
     assert.deepEqual(_getVesselStateForTest(), {
-      trailMmsi: null,
+      trailId: null,
       trailPositionCount: 0,
       vesselCount: 0,
     });
@@ -1566,6 +1569,28 @@ test('vessel interaction wire: selecting a vessel by click requests a camera tra
   }
 });
 
+test('vessel interaction wire: a vessel with an id and no MMSI is selected by click', () => {
+  const idOnly = makeRecord({ id: 'provider-7', mmsi: '', name: 'NO MMSI' });
+  const harness = installWireHarness(
+    { id: idOnly },
+    { records: [idOnly], selectedRecord: null, trailId: null },
+  );
+  const requests = [];
+  harness.windowTarget.addEventListener(
+    WORLD_FOCUS_REQUEST_EVENT,
+    (event) => requests.push(event.detail),
+  );
+  try {
+    harness.handler.click({ position: { x: 10, y: 20 } });
+    assert.equal(aisLiveVesselsLayer.getSelectedInfo()?.id, 'provider-7');
+    assert.equal(aisLiveVesselsLayer.getSelectedInfo()?.mmsi, '');
+    assert.equal(requests[0]?.id, 'provider-7');
+    assert.match(harness.hud.readout.text, /MMSI: -- /);
+  } finally {
+    harness.cleanup();
+  }
+});
+
 /**
  * Overlay-host recorder whose hitTest answers with one card id. The real host
  * only publishes rects for `interactive` entries, so a stub returning a hit is
@@ -1689,11 +1714,27 @@ for (const card of ['live', 'stale', 'absent', 'covered']) {
   });
 }
 
-test('vessel card policy: only MMSI-keyed cards publish a hit rect', () => {
+test('vessel card policy: only keyed cards publish a hit rect', () => {
   const keyed = applyVesselOverlayPolicy(buildVesselCard(makeRecord()));
   assert.equal(keyed.interactive, true);
   const unkeyed = applyVesselOverlayPolicy(buildVesselCard(makeRecord({ mmsi: '' })));
   assert.equal(unkeyed.interactive, false, 'an unkeyed card has no record to select');
+  const idOnly = buildVesselCard(makeRecord({ id: 'provider-7', mmsi: '' }));
+  assert.equal(applyVesselOverlayPolicy(idOnly).interactive, true, 'a source id is a key');
+  assert.equal(idOnly.id, 'vessel:provider-7');
+});
+
+test('vessel cards are keyed by id and show the MMSI only when known', () => {
+  const shared = buildSelectedVesselCard(makeRecord({ id: 'hull-b' }));
+  assert.equal(shared.id, 'vessel:hull-b');
+  assert.equal(shared.actionable, true);
+  assert.match(shared.details.at(-1), /^MMSI 353136000 · /);
+  const unknown = buildSelectedVesselCard(
+    makeRecord({ id: 'provider-7', mmsi: '', name: 'provider-7' }),
+  );
+  assert.equal(unknown.actionable, true);
+  assert.match(unknown.details.at(-1), /^MMSI -- · /);
+  assert.equal(unknown.title, 'VESSEL', 'a name that is only the id is no name');
 });
 
 test('vessel interaction wire: deselecting never moves the camera', () => {
@@ -1740,7 +1781,7 @@ test('vessel selection passes the opaque source reference to optional history',
     getSnapshot: async () => ({ records: [] }),
     getTrack: async (reference, options) => { requests.push({ reference, options }); return { records: [] }; },
   });
-  const harness = installWireHarness(undefined, { selectedRecord: null, trailMmsi: null });
+  const harness = installWireHarness(undefined, { selectedRecord: null, trailId: null });
   try {
     harness.record.reference = 'opaque:test-reference';
     assert.equal(aisLiveVesselsLayer.selectById(harness.record.mmsi), true);
diff --git a/src/data/firmsInteraction.test.mjs b/src/data/firmsInteraction.test.mjs
index 0251738f3..384c72d6d 100644
--- a/src/data/firmsInteraction.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/firmsInteraction.test.mjs
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ test('a click on neither sprite nor card clears without moving the camera', () =
 const SIBLING_PICKS = [
   ['flights', 'a1b2c3', { id: 'a1b2c3' }],
   ['flights', 'a1b2c3', { primitive: { id: 'a1b2c3' } }],
-  ['ais-live-vessels', '353136000', { id: { mmsi: '353136000', name: 'EVER GIVEN' } }],
+  ['ais-live-vessels', '353136000', { id: { id: '353136000', mmsi: '353136000', name: 'EVER GIVEN' } }],
   ['cctv', 'atx-cam-3', { id: { id: 'atx-cam-3', name: 'entity-like' } }],
   ['satellites', '25544', { id: 25544 }],
 ];
diff --git a/src/data/militaryAwareness.test.mjs b/src/data/militaryAwareness.test.mjs
index 430ca3362..71d22b49b 100644
--- a/src/data/militaryAwareness.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/militaryAwareness.test.mjs
@@ -1807,7 +1807,7 @@ test('hasContact declines while a layer is disabled, whatever its maps still hol
     [
       'aisLiveVessels',
       readLayerSource(new URL('./aisLiveVessels.js', import.meta.url)),
-      /hasContact\(\s*mmsi,?\s*\)\s*\{\s*\n\s*if\s*\(\s*!state\.feed\.enabled\s*\|\|\s*!state\.records\.byMmsi\s*\|\|\s*state\.records\.byMmsi\.size\s*===\s*0,?\s*\)\s*return\s*null;/,
+      /hasContact\(\s*id,?\s*\)\s*\{\s*\n\s*if\s*\(\s*!state\.feed\.enabled\s*\|\|\s*!state\.records\.byId\s*\|\|\s*state\.records\.byId\.size\s*===\s*0,?\s*\)\s*return\s*null;/,
     ],
   ]) {
     assert.match(
diff --git a/src/data/militaryAwarenessEngine.js b/src/data/militaryAwarenessEngine.js
index 136e9d2fa..459cda6db 100644
--- a/src/data/militaryAwarenessEngine.js
+++ b/src/data/militaryAwarenessEngine.js
@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ export function formatAwarenessLabel(value) {
       value.callsign,
       value.name,
       value.label,
+      value.mmsi,
       value.id,
       value.icao24,
-      value.mmsi,
     ]) {
       const label = formatAwarenessLabel(candidate);
       if (label !== '—') return label;
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ export function getAwarenessNavigationTargets(
         ? cohort.summary.nearest
         : [];
     for (const item of sourceItems) {
-      const id = item?.icao24 || item?.mmsi || item?.id;
+      const id = item?.icao24 || item?.id || item?.mmsi;
       if (!id) continue;
       const key = `${layerId}:${id}`;
       if (key === `${subject?.layerId}:${subject?.id}`) continue;
diff --git a/src/data/pickRegistry.js b/src/data/pickRegistry.js
index ef3d8074e..a01e80d36 100644
--- a/src/data/pickRegistry.js
+++ b/src/data/pickRegistry.js
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ const _owners = new Map();
  *
  * Layers use heterogeneous pick ids: flights/military/bikeshare/CCTV use
  * strings, satellites use numeric NORAD catalog ids, live AIS vessels attach
- * the vessel record OBJECT (identity = its `mmsi`), and entity picks surface
+ * the vessel record OBJECT (identity = its `id`), and entity picks surface
  * the Cesium Entity (identity = its string `id`). Everything is coerced to a
  * String so predicates match against one canonical form.
  *
@@ -33,9 +33,7 @@ export function resolvePickId(picked) {
   const unwrap = (id) => {
     if (id === null || id === undefined) return undefined;
     if (typeof id === 'object') {
-      // AIS vessel record (id object with .mmsi) or Cesium Entity (.id string)
-      if (typeof id.mmsi === 'string' || typeof id.mmsi === 'number')
-        return id.mmsi;
+      // AIS vessel record or Cesium Entity: both are keyed by their `.id`.
       if (typeof id.id === 'string' || typeof id.id === 'number') return id.id;
       return undefined;
     }
diff --git a/src/data/pickRegistry.test.mjs b/src/data/pickRegistry.test.mjs
index 43f11260f..3fec66d00 100644
--- a/src/data/pickRegistry.test.mjs
+++ b/src/data/pickRegistry.test.mjs
@@ -33,10 +33,12 @@ test('resolvePickId: numeric pick id (satellite NORAD numbers) → String', () =
   assert.equal(resolvePickId({ id: undefined, primitive: { id: 43013 } }), '43013');
 });
 
-test('resolvePickId: AIS vessel record object → its mmsi', () => {
-  const record = { mmsi: '367123450', name: 'EVER GIVEN', billboard: {} };
+test('resolvePickId: AIS vessel record object → its id, not its MMSI', () => {
+  const record = { id: '367123450', mmsi: '367123450', name: 'EVER GIVEN', billboard: {} };
   assert.equal(resolvePickId({ id: record }), '367123450');
   assert.equal(resolvePickId({ primitive: { id: record } }), '367123450');
+  const shared = { id: 'hull-b', mmsi: '367123450', name: 'EVER GIVEN' };
+  assert.equal(resolvePickId({ id: shared }), 'hull-b');
 });
 
 test('resolvePickId: Cesium-Entity-like object → its string id', () => {
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ test('resolvePickId: unresolvable picks → null', () => {
   assert.equal(resolvePickId(null), null);
   assert.equal(resolvePickId(undefined), null);
   assert.equal(resolvePickId({}), null);
-  assert.equal(resolvePickId({ id: {} }), null); // object with no mmsi/id
+  assert.equal(resolvePickId({ id: {} }), null); // object with no id
   assert.equal(resolvePickId({ primitive: {} }), null);
 });
 
@@ -67,8 +69,8 @@ test('ownership: sibling layers recognize each other via String-coerced ids', ()
   try {
     // Flights asking about a satellite pick (raw numeric id → String upstream)
     assert.equal(isOwnedByOtherLayer('flights', resolvePickId({ id: 25544 })), true);
-    // Flights asking about a vessel pick (record object → mmsi)
-    assert.equal(isOwnedByOtherLayer('flights', resolvePickId({ id: { mmsi: '367123450' } })), true);
+    // Flights asking about a vessel pick (record object → id)
+    assert.equal(isOwnedByOtherLayer('flights', resolvePickId({ id: { id: '367123450', mmsi: '367123450' } })), true);
     // A layer never owns its own pick via the sibling scan
     assert.equal(isOwnedByOtherLayer('satellites', '25544'), false);
     // Unknown ids belong to nobody
@@ -147,7 +149,7 @@ test('touch contact pick expands only a surface miss, bounded to 8 hits in 14 CS
 test('touch contact pick returns the first registered sibling, never a caller-specific preference', (t) => {
   primaryPointer(t, true);
   contactOwners(t);
-  for (const first of [{ id: 'military' }, { id: { mmsi: '123456789' } }]) {
+  for (const first of [{ id: 'military' }, { id: { id: '123456789', mmsi: '123456789' } }]) {
     const scene = {
       pick: () => mapTile,
       drillPick: () => [mapTile, first, { id: 'civil' }],
diff --git a/src/data/pickedContext.js b/src/data/pickedContext.js
index 28c303564..e54ab69c5 100644
--- a/src/data/pickedContext.js
+++ b/src/data/pickedContext.js
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ function contextCarrierRecord(picked, dataManager) {
 function fromRecord(record) {
   const layerId = record.layerId || null;
   const id =
-    layerId === 'ais-live-vessels' && record.properties?.mmsi
-      ? String(record.properties.mmsi)
+    layerId === 'ais-live-vessels' && record.properties?.vesselId
+      ? String(record.properties.vesselId)
       : String(record.id);
   return {
     layerId,
diff --git a/src/data/vesselLabels.js b/src/data/vesselLabels.js
index fbf209040..0a8a164f7 100644
--- a/src/data/vesselLabels.js
+++ b/src/data/vesselLabels.js
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ export function applyVesselOverlayPolicy(
     edgeFade: 'keyhole',
     horizonCull: true,
     terrainOcclusion: false,
-    // Only MMSI-keyed cards can resolve back to one actionable vessel.
+    // Only keyed cards can resolve back to one actionable vessel.
     interactive: card?.actionable === true,
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index d2f662b5d..1f3692a60 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -2676,8 +2676,6 @@
   "Shared flight is unavailable": "الرحلة المشتركة غير متاحة",
   "Shared military flight is unavailable": "الرحلة العسكرية المشتركة غير متاحة",
   "Shared satellite is unavailable": "القمر الصناعي المشترك غير متاح",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "{id}: لا بيانات واردة الآن — يُعرض آخر موضع معروف",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "{id}: لا بيانات واردة الآن — يُعرض الموضع عند {time}",
   "This share link can't be opened": "لا يمكن فتح رابط المشاركة هذا",
   "Shared vessel is unavailable": "السفينة المشتركة غير متاحة",
   "subject": "الهدف",
@@ -3778,5 +3776,17 @@
   "Play speed": "سرعة التشغيل",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "مرّر أو اقرص للتكبير، واسحب للتنقل · انقر نقرًا مزدوجًا لرؤية الكل",
   "1 min/s": "دقيقة/ث",
-  "Photo © {photographer}": "صورة © {photographer}"
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "صورة © {photographer}",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "الرحلة المشتركة: لا بيانات واردة الآن — يُعرض آخر موضع معروف",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "الرحلة المشتركة: لا بيانات واردة الآن — يُعرض موضعها عند {time}",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "الرحلة العسكرية المشتركة: لا بيانات واردة الآن — يُعرض آخر موضع معروف",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "الرحلة العسكرية المشتركة: لا بيانات واردة الآن — يُعرض موضعها عند {time}",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "السفينة المشتركة: لا بيانات واردة الآن — يُعرض آخر موضع معروف",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "السفينة المشتركة: لا بيانات واردة الآن — يُعرض موضعها عند {time}",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "القمر الصناعي المشترك: لا بيانات واردة الآن — يُعرض آخر موضع معروف",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "القمر الصناعي المشترك: لا بيانات واردة الآن — يُعرض موضعها عند {time}",
+  "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO: {id}",
+  "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
+  "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "معرّف UUID للسفينة: {id}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index 2648668c4..88ab65f22 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -2528,8 +2528,6 @@
   "Shared flight is unavailable": "Geteilter Flug ist nicht verfügbar",
   "Shared military flight is unavailable": "Geteilter Militärflug ist nicht verfügbar",
   "Shared satellite is unavailable": "Geteilter Satellit ist nicht verfügbar",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "{id} sendet gerade nicht – letzte bekannte Position wird gezeigt",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "{id} sendet gerade nicht – Position um {time} wird gezeigt",
   "This share link can't be opened": "Dieser Freigabelink kann nicht geöffnet werden",
   "Shared vessel is unavailable": "Geteiltes Schiff ist nicht verfügbar",
   "subject": "Objekt",
@@ -3454,5 +3452,17 @@
   "Play speed": "Wiedergabegeschwindigkeit",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "Scrollen oder mit zwei Fingern zoomen, ziehen zum Verschieben · Doppelklick zeigt alles",
   "1 min/s": "1 Min./s",
-  "Photo © {photographer}": "Foto © {photographer}"
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "Foto © {photographer}",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Der geteilte Flug sendet gerade nicht – letzte bekannte Position wird gezeigt",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Der geteilte Flug sendet gerade nicht – Position um {time} wird gezeigt",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Der geteilte Militärflug sendet gerade nicht – letzte bekannte Position wird gezeigt",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Der geteilte Militärflug sendet gerade nicht – Position um {time} wird gezeigt",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Das geteilte Schiff sendet gerade nicht – letzte bekannte Position wird gezeigt",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Das geteilte Schiff sendet gerade nicht – Position um {time} wird gezeigt",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Der geteilte Satellit sendet gerade nicht – letzte bekannte Position wird gezeigt",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Der geteilte Satellit sendet gerade nicht – Position um {time} wird gezeigt",
+  "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO: {id}",
+  "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
+  "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "Schiffs-UUID: {id}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index 4fc5e30b6..a16074c79 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -427,8 +427,6 @@
   "Link copied!": "¡Enlace copiado!",
   "Link shared": "Enlace compartido",
   "This share link can't be opened": "Este enlace compartido no se puede abrir",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "{id} no está transmitiendo ahora; se muestra dónde estaba a las {time}",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "{id} no está transmitiendo ahora; se muestra dónde se vio por última vez",
   "Shared vessel is unavailable": "El buque compartido no está disponible",
   "Copy failed": "No se pudo copiar",
   "Location not found": "Ubicación no encontrada",
@@ -3535,5 +3533,17 @@
   "Play speed": "Velocidad de reproducción",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "Desplaza o pellizca para ampliar, arrastra para moverte · doble clic para verlo todo",
   "1 min/s": "1 min/s",
-  "Photo © {photographer}": "Foto © {photographer}"
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "Foto © {photographer}",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "El vuelo compartido no está transmitiendo ahora; se muestra dónde se vio por última vez",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "El vuelo compartido no está transmitiendo ahora; se muestra dónde estaba a las {time}",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "El vuelo militar compartido no está transmitiendo ahora; se muestra dónde se vio por última vez",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "El vuelo militar compartido no está transmitiendo ahora; se muestra dónde estaba a las {time}",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "El buque compartido no está transmitiendo ahora; se muestra dónde se vio por última vez",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "El buque compartido no está transmitiendo ahora; se muestra dónde estaba a las {time}",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "El satélite compartido no está transmitiendo ahora; se muestra dónde se vio por última vez",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "El satélite compartido no está transmitiendo ahora; se muestra dónde estaba a las {time}",
+  "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO: {id}",
+  "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
+  "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID del buque: {id}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index 536203664..49e9b6387 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -2287,8 +2287,6 @@
   "Shared {subject} follow expired": "Suivi partagé expiré : {subject}",
   "Shared {subject} could not be restored — feed unavailable": "Suivi partagé non restauré : {subject} — flux indisponible",
   "Shared {subject} is unavailable": "Partage indisponible : {subject}",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "{id} n'émet pas actuellement — affichage de sa dernière position connue",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "{id} n'émet pas actuellement — affichage de sa position à {time}",
   "This share link can't be opened": "Ce lien de partage ne peut pas être ouvert",
   "Shared vessel is unavailable": "Le navire partagé est indisponible",
   "ACQUIRING": "ACQUISITION",
@@ -3535,5 +3533,17 @@
   "Play speed": "Vitesse de lecture",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "Faites défiler ou pincez pour zoomer, glissez pour vous déplacer · double-clic pour tout voir",
   "1 min/s": "1 min/s",
-  "Photo © {photographer}": "Photo © {photographer}"
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "Photo © {photographer}",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Le vol partagé n'émet pas actuellement — affichage de sa dernière position connue",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Le vol partagé n'émet pas actuellement — affichage de sa position à {time}",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Le vol militaire partagé n'émet pas actuellement — affichage de sa dernière position connue",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Le vol militaire partagé n'émet pas actuellement — affichage de sa position à {time}",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Le navire partagé n'émet pas actuellement — affichage de sa dernière position connue",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Le navire partagé n'émet pas actuellement — affichage de sa position à {time}",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Le satellite partagé n'émet pas actuellement — affichage de sa dernière position connue",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Le satellite partagé n'émet pas actuellement — affichage de sa position à {time}",
+  "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO : {id}",
+  "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD : {id}",
+  "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI : {id}",
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID du navire : {id}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/he.json b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
index 5a6fe9404..b1c523a7a 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/he.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
@@ -2119,8 +2119,6 @@
   "Shared {subject} follow expired": "עקיבת {subject} המשותף פגה",
   "Shared {subject} could not be restored — feed unavailable": "לא ניתן לשחזר את {subject} המשותף — הפיד אינו זמין",
   "Shared {subject} is unavailable": "{subject} המשותף אינו זמין",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "{id} לא מדווח עכשיו — מציג היכן נראה לאחרונה",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "{id} לא מדווח עכשיו — מציג היכן היה ב-{time}",
   "This share link can't be opened": "לא ניתן לפתוח את קישור השיתוף הזה",
   "Shared vessel is unavailable": "האונייה המשותפת אינה זמינה",
   "ACQUIRING": "מאתר",
@@ -3535,5 +3533,17 @@
     "other": "{count} ספינות טרופות"
   },
   "EMODnet (European waters) · Wikidata (worldwide)": "EMODnet (מימי אירופה) · ויקינתונים (כל העולם)",
-  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "ספינות טרופות אירופיות בעלות ערך מורשת מגיעות מ־EMODnet Human Activities; ספינות טרופות בולטות מכל העולם מגיעות מוויקינתונים. הצבע מראה מתי הספינה טבעה; הסמן גדל ככל שמספר ההרוגים עולה. לחץ על סמן כדי לפתוח את הכרטיס שלו."
+  "European heritage wrecks come from EMODnet Human Activities; notable wrecks worldwide come from Wikidata. Colour shows when the ship sank; marker size grows with deaths. Click a marker for its card.": "ספינות טרופות אירופיות בעלות ערך מורשת מגיעות מ־EMODnet Human Activities; ספינות טרופות בולטות מכל העולם מגיעות מוויקינתונים. הצבע מראה מתי הספינה טבעה; הסמן גדל ככל שמספר ההרוגים עולה. לחץ על סמן כדי לפתוח את הכרטיס שלו.",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "הטיסה המשותפת לא מדווחת עכשיו — מוצג המיקום האחרון הידוע",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "הטיסה המשותפת לא מדווחת עכשיו — מוצג המיקום בשעה {time}",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "הטיסה הצבאית המשותפת לא מדווחת עכשיו — מוצג המיקום האחרון הידוע",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "הטיסה הצבאית המשותפת לא מדווחת עכשיו — מוצג המיקום בשעה {time}",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "כלי השיט המשותף לא מדווח עכשיו — מוצג המיקום האחרון הידוע",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "כלי השיט המשותף לא מדווח עכשיו — מוצג המיקום בשעה {time}",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "הלוויין המשותף לא מדווח עכשיו — מוצג המיקום האחרון הידוע",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "הלוויין המשותף לא מדווח עכשיו — מוצג המיקום בשעה {time}",
+  "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO: {id}",
+  "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
+  "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID של כלי השיט: {id}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index 329a1fd87..528964948 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -2287,8 +2287,6 @@
   "Shared {subject} follow expired": "Il tracciamento condiviso di {subject} è scaduto",
   "Shared {subject} could not be restored — feed unavailable": "Impossibile ripristinare la condivisione di {subject}: feed non disponibile",
   "Shared {subject} is unavailable": "La condivisione di {subject} non è disponibile",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "{id} non sta trasmettendo ora: viene mostrata l'ultima posizione nota",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "{id} non sta trasmettendo ora: viene mostrata l'ultima posizione nota ({time})",
   "This share link can't be opened": "Impossibile aprire questo link di condivisione",
   "Shared vessel is unavailable": "La nave condivisa non è disponibile",
   "ACQUIRING": "ACQUISIZIONE",
@@ -3535,5 +3533,17 @@
   "Play speed": "Velocità di riproduzione",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "Scorri o pizzica per lo zoom, trascina per spostarti · doppio clic per vedere tutto",
   "1 min/s": "1 min/s",
-  "Photo © {photographer}": "Foto © {photographer}"
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "Foto © {photographer}",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Il volo condiviso non sta trasmettendo ora: viene mostrata l'ultima posizione nota",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Il volo condiviso non sta trasmettendo ora: viene mostrata la posizione alle {time}",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Il volo militare condiviso non sta trasmettendo ora: viene mostrata l'ultima posizione nota",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Il volo militare condiviso non sta trasmettendo ora: viene mostrata la posizione alle {time}",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "La nave condivisa non sta trasmettendo ora: viene mostrata l'ultima posizione nota",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "La nave condivisa non sta trasmettendo ora: viene mostrata la posizione alle {time}",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Il satellite condiviso non sta trasmettendo ora: viene mostrata l'ultima posizione nota",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Il satellite condiviso non sta trasmettendo ora: viene mostrata la posizione alle {time}",
+  "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO: {id}",
+  "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
+  "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID della nave: {id}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index d7164c2e6..347156b7a 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -2209,8 +2209,6 @@
   "Shared {subject} follow expired": "共有された{subject}の追従が期限切れになりました",
   "Shared {subject} could not be restored — feed unavailable": "共有された{subject}を復元できませんでした：フィードを利用できません",
   "Shared {subject} is unavailable": "共有された{subject}は利用できません",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "{id}は現在報告していません。最後に確認された位置を表示しています",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "{id}は現在報告していません。{time}時点の位置を表示しています",
   "This share link can't be opened": "この共有リンクは開けません",
   "Shared vessel is unavailable": "共有された船舶は利用できません",
   "ACQUIRING": "取得中",
@@ -3373,5 +3371,17 @@
   "Play speed": "再生速度",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "スクロールまたはピンチでズーム、ドラッグで移動 · ダブルクリックで全体表示",
   "1 min/s": "1分/秒",
-  "Photo © {photographer}": "写真 © {photographer}"
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "写真 © {photographer}",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "共有されたフライトは現在報告していません。最後に確認された位置を表示しています",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "共有されたフライトは現在報告していません。{time}時点の位置を表示しています",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "共有された軍用機は現在報告していません。最後に確認された位置を表示しています",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "共有された軍用機は現在報告していません。{time}時点の位置を表示しています",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "共有された船舶は現在報告していません。最後に確認された位置を表示しています",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "共有された船舶は現在報告していません。{time}時点の位置を表示しています",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "共有された衛星は現在報告していません。最後に確認された位置を表示しています",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "共有された衛星は現在報告していません。{time}時点の位置を表示しています",
+  "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO: {id}",
+  "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
+  "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "船舶UUID: {id}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index e4b376011..233a94f20 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -2287,8 +2287,6 @@
   "Shared {subject} follow expired": "O acompanhamento compartilhado de {subject} expirou",
   "Shared {subject} could not be restored — feed unavailable": "Não foi possível restaurar o compartilhamento de {subject} — feed indisponível",
   "Shared {subject} is unavailable": "O compartilhamento de {subject} está indisponível",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "{id} não está transmitindo agora — mostrando onde foi visto pela última vez",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "{id} não está transmitindo agora — mostrando onde estava em {time}",
   "This share link can't be opened": "Não é possível abrir este link de compartilhamento",
   "Shared vessel is unavailable": "A embarcação compartilhada está indisponível",
   "ACQUIRING": "ADQUIRINDO",
@@ -3535,5 +3533,17 @@
   "Play speed": "Velocidade de reprodução",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "Role ou faça pinça para ampliar, arraste para se mover · clique duplo para ver tudo",
   "1 min/s": "1 min/s",
-  "Photo © {photographer}": "Foto © {photographer}"
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "Foto © {photographer}",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "O voo compartilhado não está transmitindo agora — mostrando a última posição conhecida",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "O voo compartilhado não está transmitindo agora — mostrando onde estava às {time}",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "O voo militar compartilhado não está transmitindo agora — mostrando a última posição conhecida",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "O voo militar compartilhado não está transmitindo agora — mostrando onde estava às {time}",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "A embarcação compartilhada não está transmitindo agora — mostrando a última posição conhecida",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "A embarcação compartilhada não está transmitindo agora — mostrando onde estava às {time}",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "O satélite compartilhado não está transmitindo agora — mostrando a última posição conhecida",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "O satélite compartilhado não está transmitindo agora — mostrando onde estava às {time}",
+  "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO: {id}",
+  "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
+  "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID da embarcação: {id}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index 78622d3e3..3e5a78ef8 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -425,8 +425,6 @@
   "Link copied!": "Ссылка скопирована!",
   "Link shared": "Ссылка отправлена",
   "This share link can't be opened": "Не удаётся открыть эту ссылку",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "{id} сейчас не передаёт данные — показано последнее известное место ({time})",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "{id} сейчас не передаёт данные — показано последнее известное место",
   "Shared vessel is unavailable": "Судно по ссылке недоступно",
   "Copy failed": "Не удалось скопировать",
   "VISUAL PRESETS": "ПРЕСЕТЫ",
@@ -3616,5 +3614,17 @@
   "Play speed": "Скорость воспроизведения",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "Прокрутите или сведите пальцы для масштаба, перетащите для перемещения · двойной щелчок — показать всё",
   "1 min/s": "1 мин/с",
-  "Photo © {photographer}": "Фото © {photographer}"
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "Фото © {photographer}",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Общий рейс сейчас не передаёт данные — показано последнее известное место",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Общий рейс сейчас не передаёт данные — показано место в {time}",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Общий военный рейс сейчас не передаёт данные — показано последнее известное место",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Общий военный рейс сейчас не передаёт данные — показано место в {time}",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Общее судно сейчас не передаёт данные — показано последнее известное место",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Общее судно сейчас не передаёт данные — показано место в {time}",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Общий спутник сейчас не передаёт данные — показано последнее известное место",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Общий спутник сейчас не передаёт данные — показано место в {time}",
+  "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO: {id}",
+  "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
+  "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID судна: {id}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index 08d6417df..317c7da03 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -2325,8 +2325,6 @@
   "Shared {subject} follow expired": "Посилання на стеження застаріло: {subject}",
   "Shared {subject} could not be restored — feed unavailable": "Не вдалося відновити за посиланням: {subject} — потік даних недоступний",
   "Shared {subject} is unavailable": "Недоступно за посиланням: {subject}",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "{id} зараз не передає даних — показано останнє відоме місце",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "{id} зараз не передає даних — показано останнє відоме місце ({time})",
   "This share link can't be opened": "Не вдається відкрити це посилання",
   "Shared vessel is unavailable": "Судно за посиланням недоступне",
   "ACQUIRING": "ОТРИМАННЯ",
@@ -3616,5 +3614,17 @@
   "Play speed": "Швидкість відтворення",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "Прокрутіть або зведіть пальці для масштабу, перетягніть для переміщення · подвійне клацання — показати все",
   "1 min/s": "1 хв/с",
-  "Photo © {photographer}": "Фото © {photographer}"
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "Фото © {photographer}",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Спільний рейс зараз не передає даних — показано останнє відоме місце",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Спільний рейс зараз не передає даних — показано місце о {time}",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Спільний військовий рейс зараз не передає даних — показано останнє відоме місце",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Спільний військовий рейс зараз не передає даних — показано місце о {time}",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Спільне судно зараз не передає даних — показано останнє відоме місце",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Спільне судно зараз не передає даних — показано місце о {time}",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "Спільний супутник зараз не передає даних — показано останнє відоме місце",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "Спільний супутник зараз не передає даних — показано місце о {time}",
+  "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO: {id}",
+  "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
+  "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID судна: {id}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index 503a6716e..54a106fe1 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -1605,8 +1605,6 @@
   "Link copied!": "链接已复制！",
   "Link shared": "链接已分享",
   "This share link can't be opened": "无法打开此分享链接",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "{id} 目前没有发送信号——显示其在 {time} 的位置",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "{id} 目前没有发送信号——显示其最后出现的位置",
   "Shared vessel is unavailable": "分享的船只不可用",
   "Copy failed": "复制失败",
   "Return map to straight-down view": "将地图恢复为垂直俯视",
@@ -3373,5 +3371,17 @@
   "Play speed": "播放速度",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "滚动或双指缩放，拖动以移动 · 双击查看全部",
   "1 min/s": "1 分钟/秒",
-  "Photo © {photographer}": "照片 © {photographer}"
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "照片 © {photographer}",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "共享的航班目前没有发送信号——显示其最后出现的位置",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "共享的航班目前没有发送信号——显示其在 {time} 的位置",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "共享的军用航班目前没有发送信号——显示其最后出现的位置",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "共享的军用航班目前没有发送信号——显示其在 {time} 的位置",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "共享的船舶目前没有发送信号——显示其最后出现的位置",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "共享的船舶目前没有发送信号——显示其在 {time} 的位置",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "共享的卫星目前没有发送信号——显示其最后出现的位置",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "共享的卫星目前没有发送信号——显示其在 {time} 的位置",
+  "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO：{id}",
+  "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD：{id}",
+  "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI：{id}",
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "船舶 UUID：{id}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index c2a279684..93170fa7f 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -2983,8 +2983,6 @@
   "Take the exit {direction}": "從出口{direction}駛出",
   "Link shared": "鏈接已分享",
   "This share link can't be opened": "無法打開此分享鏈接",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "{id} 目前沒有發送信號——顯示其在 {time} 的位置",
-  "{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "{id} 目前沒有發送信號——顯示其最後出現的位置",
   "Shared vessel is unavailable": "分享的船隻不可用",
   "Check the spelling and press Enter to search again.": "請檢查拼寫，然後按 Enter 重新搜索。",
   "Press Enter to try again.": "按 Enter 重試。",
@@ -3373,5 +3371,17 @@
   "Play speed": "播放速度",
   "Scroll or pinch to zoom, drag to move along · double-click to see it all": "捲動或雙指縮放，拖曳以移動 · 按兩下查看全部",
   "1 min/s": "1 分鐘/秒",
-  "Photo © {photographer}": "照片 © {photographer}"
+  "Photo © {photographer}": "照片 © {photographer}",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "共享的航班目前沒有發送信號——顯示其最後出現的位置",
+  "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "共享的航班目前沒有發送信號——顯示其在 {time} 的位置",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "共享的軍用航班目前沒有發送信號——顯示其最後出現的位置",
+  "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "共享的軍用航班目前沒有發送信號——顯示其在 {time} 的位置",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "共享的船舶目前沒有發送信號——顯示其最後出現的位置",
+  "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "共享的船舶目前沒有發送信號——顯示其在 {time} 的位置",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen": "共享的衛星目前沒有發送信號——顯示其最後出現的位置",
+  "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}": "共享的衛星目前沒有發送信號——顯示其在 {time} 的位置",
+  "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO：{id}",
+  "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD：{id}",
+  "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI：{id}",
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "船舶 UUID：{id}"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
index 0e5988d11..c2e5080e0 100644
--- a/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
+++ b/src/i18n/same-as-english.json
@@ -44,7 +44,10 @@
     "{direction} {angle}°",
     "{direction} · {elevation}",
     "{source} HTTP {status}",
-    "▲ {frp} MW"
+    "▲ {frp} MW",
+    "ICAO: {id}",
+    "MMSI: {id}",
+    "NORAD: {id}"
   ],
   "de": [
     "1090 MHz",
@@ -238,7 +241,10 @@
     "ΔN",
     "Ⅱ PAUSE",
     "≥ {value} MW",
-    "▲ {frp} MW"
+    "▲ {frp} MW",
+    "ICAO: {id}",
+    "MMSI: {id}",
+    "NORAD: {id}"
   ],
   "es": [
     "1 min/s",
@@ -395,7 +401,10 @@
     "Reptiles",
     "acartia.io ↗",
     "iNaturalist ↗",
-    "iNaturalist"
+    "iNaturalist",
+    "ICAO: {id}",
+    "MMSI: {id}",
+    "NORAD: {id}"
   ],
   "fr": [
     "1 min/s",
@@ -810,7 +819,10 @@
     "acartia.io ↗",
     "iNaturalist ↗",
     "iNaturalist",
-    "SATELLITE"
+    "SATELLITE",
+    "ICAO: {id}",
+    "MMSI: {id}",
+    "NORAD: {id}"
   ],
   "ja": [
     "1090 MHz",
@@ -873,7 +885,10 @@
     "ΔE",
     "ΔN",
     "≥ {value} MW",
-    "▲ {frp} MW"
+    "▲ {frp} MW",
+    "ICAO: {id}",
+    "MMSI: {id}",
+    "NORAD: {id}"
   ],
   "pt": [
     "1 min/s",
@@ -1031,7 +1046,10 @@
     "CC BY 4.0",
     "acartia.io ↗",
     "iNaturalist ↗",
-    "iNaturalist"
+    "iNaturalist",
+    "ICAO: {id}",
+    "MMSI: {id}",
+    "NORAD: {id}"
   ],
   "ru": [
     "1900–1945",
@@ -1064,7 +1082,10 @@
     "iNaturalist ↗",
     "{direction} · {elevation}",
     "{direction} {angle}°",
-    "{division}, {country}"
+    "{division}, {country}",
+    "ICAO: {id}",
+    "MMSI: {id}",
+    "NORAD: {id}"
   ],
   "uk": [
     "1900–1945",
@@ -1092,7 +1113,10 @@
     "iNaturalist ↗",
     "{direction} · {elevation}",
     "{direction} {angle}°",
-    "{division}, {country}"
+    "{division}, {country}",
+    "ICAO: {id}",
+    "MMSI: {id}",
+    "NORAD: {id}"
   ],
   "zh-CN": [
     "1090 MHz",
@@ -1331,6 +1355,9 @@
     "TLE",
     "{value} KM",
     "{value} KM/S",
-    "Ironbow"
+    "Ironbow",
+    "ICAO: {id}",
+    "MMSI: {id}",
+    "NORAD: {id}"
   ]
 }
diff --git a/src/layers/awareness/history.js b/src/layers/awareness/history.js
index e8e05505a..b7aa50e22 100644
--- a/src/layers/awareness/history.js
+++ b/src/layers/awareness/history.js
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ export function createHistory({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
     return (
       items.find(
         (item) =>
-          String(item?.icao24 || item?.mmsi || item?.id) === String(subject.id),
+          String(item?.icao24 || item?.id || item?.mmsi) === String(subject.id),
       ) || subject
     );
   }
diff --git a/src/layers/awareness/panel.js b/src/layers/awareness/panel.js
index 182baa6e1..bd5078499 100644
--- a/src/layers/awareness/panel.js
+++ b/src/layers/awareness/panel.js
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ export function createPanel({ state: layerState, parts }) {
       .slice(page, page + AWARENESS_PAGE_SIZE)
       .map((item, index) => {
         const label = formatAwarenessLabel(item);
-        const targetId = item.icao24 || item.mmsi || item.id;
+        const targetId = item.icao24 || item.id || item.mmsi;
         const distance = presentAwarenessDistance(item.distanceM);
         if (!targetId)
           return {
diff --git a/src/layers/awareness/subject.js b/src/layers/awareness/subject.js
index 050d144c2..e8bb26a8c 100644
--- a/src/layers/awareness/subject.js
+++ b/src/layers/awareness/subject.js
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ export function createSubject({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
       .getNearby(position, AWARENESS_RADIUS_M, AWARENESS_QUERY_LIMIT)
       .filter(
         (item) =>
-          !parts.queries.isSame(subject, item, 'ais-live-vessels', 'mmsi'),
+          !parts.queries.isSame(subject, item, 'ais-live-vessels', 'id'),
       );
     const coverage = installationsState.stats?.coverage;
     const installationRadius =
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ export function createSubject({ state: layerState, services, parts, source }) {
     if (!Number.isFinite(latitude) || !Number.isFinite(longitude)) return null;
     return {
       layerId: record.layerId,
-      id: record.properties?.mmsi || record.id,
+      id: record.properties?.vesselId || record.id,
       label: record.label || record.id,
       memberNames: record.properties?.memberNames || [],
       position: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(longitude, latitude, 0),
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/cards.js b/src/layers/vessels/cards.js
index bcf3459f1..49c0264e2 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/cards.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/cards.js
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ export function createCards({
       parts.push(`${roundHeadingDegrees(direction)}°`);
     return {
       id: vesselOverlayEntryId(record),
-      actionable: Boolean(record?.mmsi),
+      actionable: Boolean(record?.id),
       position:
         components.rendering.getVisual(record).billboard?.position ||
         components.rendering.getVisual(record).position,
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ export function createCards({
     );
     return {
       id: vesselOverlayEntryId(record),
-      actionable: Boolean(record?.mmsi),
+      actionable: Boolean(record?.id),
       position:
         components.rendering.getVisual(record).billboard?.position ||
         components.rendering.getVisual(record).position,
@@ -114,11 +114,11 @@ export function createCards({
     };
   }
 
-  /** Stable overlay identity for MMSI-keyed and source-retained unkeyed rows. */
+  /** Stable overlay identity for keyed and source-retained unkeyed rows. */
 
   function vesselOverlayEntryId(record) {
-    const mmsi = String(record?.mmsi || '').trim();
-    if (mmsi) return `vessel:${mmsi}`;
+    const id = String(record?.id || '').trim();
+    if (id) return `vessel:${id}`;
     const name = String(record?.name || 'VESSEL').trim() || 'VESSEL';
     const lat = Number.isFinite(record?.lat) ? record.lat.toFixed(5) : 'x';
     const lon = Number.isFinite(record?.lon) ? record.lon.toFixed(5) : 'x';
@@ -161,7 +161,9 @@ export function createCards({
 
   function displayVesselName(record) {
     const name = String(record.name || '').trim();
-    if (name && name !== 'VESSEL' && name !== record.mmsi) return name;
+    // A source may name a vessel by its id when it has no name.
+    if (name && name !== 'VESSEL' && name !== record.mmsi && name !== record.id)
+      return name;
     return record.mmsi ? `MMSI ${record.mmsi}` : t('VESSEL');
   }
 
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/clockFollow.test.mjs b/src/layers/vessels/clockFollow.test.mjs
index 4f0978c07..84e652bf0 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/clockFollow.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/clockFollow.test.mjs
@@ -37,19 +37,19 @@ function store() {
 test('rows at another time stand in for every vessel, selected or not', () => {
   const probe = store();
   probe.reconcile([row('111'), row('222')]);
-  const selectedRecord = probe.records.byMmsi.get('222');
+  const selectedRecord = probe.records.byId.get('222');
   probe.reconcile([row('111', { last_position_epoch: 900 })], {
     complete: false,
     selectedRecord,
     replace: true,
   });
-  assert.deepEqual([...probe.records.byMmsi.keys()], ['111']);
+  assert.deepEqual([...probe.records.byId.keys()], ['111']);
   assert.deepEqual(probe.events.slice(-3), [
     ['update', '111'],
     ['remove', '222', true],
     ['removed', '222'],
   ]);
-  assert.equal(probe.records.byMmsi.get('111').motion, null);
+  assert.equal(probe.records.byId.get('111').motion, null);
 });
 
 test('following the clock, a vessel keeps where its fix moved from', () => {
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ test('following the clock, a vessel keeps where its fix moved from', () => {
   probe.reconcile([row('111', { lat: 52, last_position_epoch: 1_010 })], {
     follow: true,
   });
-  const record = probe.records.byMmsi.get('111');
+  const record = probe.records.byId.get('111');
   assert.deepEqual(record.motion, {
     fromLat: 51.93,
     fromLon: 4.05,
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ test('following the clock, a vessel keeps where its fix moved from', () => {
   live.reconcile([row('111')]);
   live.reconcile([row('111', { lat: 52, last_position_epoch: 1_010 })]);
   assert.equal(
-    Object.hasOwn(live.records.byMmsi.get('111'), 'motion'),
+    Object.hasOwn(live.records.byId.get('111'), 'motion'),
     false,
     'live records are as before',
   );
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/cockpitSubject.js b/src/layers/vessels/cockpitSubject.js
index d92689a64..52f4412a3 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/cockpitSubject.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/cockpitSubject.js
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ function finiteOrNull(value) {
  * @returns {object|null} Subject info, or null without a usable fix.
  */
 export function vesselCockpitInfo(record) {
-  if (!record?.mmsi) return null;
+  if (!record?.id) return null;
   const latitude = Number(record.lat);
   const longitude = Number(record.lon);
   if (!Number.isFinite(latitude) || !Number.isFinite(longitude)) return null;
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ export function vesselCockpitInfo(record) {
   return {
     kind: 'vessel',
     layerId: VESSEL_COCKPIT_LAYER_ID,
-    id: String(record.mmsi),
-    mmsi: String(record.mmsi),
-    name: String(record.name || record.mmsi),
+    id: String(record.id),
+    mmsi: String(record.mmsi || ''),
+    name: String(record.name || record.mmsi || record.id),
     type: String(record.type || ''),
     typeLabel: displayVesselType(record.type),
     destination: String(record.destination || '').trim(),
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/cockpitSubject.test.mjs b/src/layers/vessels/cockpitSubject.test.mjs
index 572ff199d..784749b37 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/cockpitSubject.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/cockpitSubject.test.mjs
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ test('an unknown or missing type has no eye height of its own', () => {
 
 test('vessel info faces the true heading and moves along course over ground', () => {
   const info = vesselCockpitInfo({
+    id: '211000000',
     mmsi: '211000000',
     name: 'NORDIC STAR',
     type: '70',
@@ -58,6 +59,7 @@ test('vessel info faces the true heading and moves along course over ground', ()
   assert.equal(info.kind, 'vessel');
   assert.equal(info.layerId, VESSEL_COCKPIT_LAYER_ID);
   assert.equal(info.id, '211000000');
+  assert.equal(info.mmsi, '211000000');
   assert.equal(info.typeLabel, 'CARGO');
   assert.equal(info.track, 90);
   assert.equal(info.motionCourse, 95);
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ test('vessel info faces the true heading and moves along course over ground', ()
 });
 
 test('a missing heading or course falls back to the other', () => {
-  const base = { mmsi: '1', lat: 1, lon: 1, speed: 3 };
+  const base = { id: '1', mmsi: '1', lat: 1, lon: 1, speed: 3 };
   assert.equal(vesselCockpitInfo({ ...base, course: 40 }).track, 40);
   assert.equal(vesselCockpitInfo({ ...base, heading: 50 }).motionCourse, 50);
   const neither = vesselCockpitInfo(base);
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ test('a missing heading or course falls back to the other', () => {
 });
 
 test('the subject says whether its track is the heading or the course', () => {
-  const base = { mmsi: '1', lat: 1, lon: 1, speed: 3 };
+  const base = { id: '1', mmsi: '1', lat: 1, lon: 1, speed: 3 };
   assert.equal(
     vesselCockpitInfo({ ...base, heading: 50, course: 40 }).trackSource,
     'heading',
@@ -99,11 +101,12 @@ test('the subject says whether its track is the heading or the course', () => {
 test('a vessel without identity or position is not a subject', () => {
   assert.equal(vesselCockpitInfo(null), null);
   assert.equal(vesselCockpitInfo({ lat: 1, lon: 1 }), null);
-  assert.equal(vesselCockpitInfo({ mmsi: '1', lat: 'x', lon: 1 }), null);
+  assert.equal(vesselCockpitInfo({ id: '1', mmsi: '1', lat: 'x', lon: 1 }), null);
 });
 
 test('a vessel missing from recent refreshes reads as stale', () => {
   const info = vesselCockpitInfo({
+    id: '1',
     mmsi: '1',
     lat: 1,
     lon: 1,
@@ -111,3 +114,20 @@ test('a vessel missing from recent refreshes reads as stale', () => {
   });
   assert.equal(info.stale, true);
 });
+
+test('a vessel is the subject by its id; an MMSI is only shown when known', () => {
+  const info = vesselCockpitInfo({
+    id: 'b6a7c1e2-provider-id',
+    mmsi: '',
+    name: 'NORDIC STAR',
+    lat: 54.5,
+    lon: 10.2,
+  });
+  assert.equal(info.id, 'b6a7c1e2-provider-id');
+  assert.equal(info.mmsi, '');
+  assert.equal(
+    vesselCockpitInfo({ mmsi: '211000000', lat: 54.5, lon: 10.2 }),
+    null,
+    'a record with no id is unkeyed and cannot be ridden',
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/evidence.js b/src/layers/vessels/evidence.js
index c5e593e26..3a8c1b9ce 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/evidence.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/evidence.js
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export function createEvidence({
           )
         : null;
       return {
-        id: record.mmsi,
+        id: record.id,
         show: bb?.show === true,
         alpha: bb?.color?.alpha ?? null,
         x: screen?.x ?? null,
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/ingestion.js b/src/layers/vessels/ingestion.js
index 6f01339c9..735f32daa 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/ingestion.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/ingestion.js
@@ -201,9 +201,11 @@ export function createIngestion({
     return { reconciled: true, ...snapshot };
   }
 
+  /** The layer's row for a source record: keyed by its id, MMSI shown when known. */
   function vesselDisplayRow(record) {
     return {
-      mmsi: record.id,
+      id: record.id,
+      mmsi: String(record.mmsi ?? '').trim(),
       reference: record.reference,
       lat: record.latitude,
       lon: record.longitude,
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/lifecycle.js b/src/layers/vessels/lifecycle.js
index e89b0ebd9..4c457c198 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/lifecycle.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/lifecycle.js
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ export function createLifecycle({
     state.feed.abort = null;
     state.billboardCollection = null;
     state.records.all = [];
-    state.records.byMmsi = new Map();
+    state.records.byId = new Map();
     state.records.unkeyed = [];
     state.clickHandler = null;
     state.keyTarget = null;
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ export function createLifecycle({
     state.selectedRecord = null;
     state.trail = null;
     state.trailPositions = [];
-    state.trailMmsi = null;
+    state.trailId = null;
     state.trailBackfillToken = 0;
   }
   const methods = {
@@ -188,9 +188,9 @@ export function createLifecycle({
           });
       }
       // Pick-ownership (H2): vessel picks carry the record OBJECT as their id;
-      // the registry resolver reduces it to the record's mmsi (a string key).
+      // the registry resolver reduces it to the record's id (a string key).
       registerPickOwner('ais-live-vessels', (pickedId) =>
-        state.records.byMmsi.has(pickedId),
+        state.records.byId.has(pickedId),
       );
       restoreSpriteOrderOnEnable('ais', activeViewer);
       // Vessels are asked for by view, so ask again when the view moves away.
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/ownership.test.mjs b/src/layers/vessels/ownership.test.mjs
index 2404434a0..92c4ec493 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/ownership.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/ownership.test.mjs
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ test('vessel construction is inert and each instance owns its records, icon cach
   const two = createVesselState({ source, services: services() });
   for (const key of ['state', 'shipIconCache', '_scratchFocusScreen'])
     assert.notEqual(one[key], two[key]);
-  assert.notEqual(one.state.records.byMmsi, two.state.records.byMmsi);
+  assert.notEqual(one.state.records.byId, two.state.records.byId);
   assert.notEqual(one.state.feed, two.state.feed);
   assert.notEqual(one.state.records.all, two.state.records.all);
   assert.notEqual(one.state.records.unkeyed, two.state.records.unkeyed);
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ test('partial-feed expiry releases a selected vessel and its pending trail', asy
   layer.selectById('222');
   current = snapshot([observation('111')], { complete: false });
   await layer.update();
-  assert.equal(layer.getSelectedInfo().mmsi, '222');
+  assert.equal(layer.getSelectedInfo().id, '222');
   assert.equal(signal.aborted, false);
   advance(5 * 60 * 1000);
   await layer.update();
@@ -421,3 +421,97 @@ test('vessel stats name the provider the last snapshot reported', async () => {
   await layer.update();
   assert.equal(layer.getStats().source, 'Datalastic');
 });
+
+test('two vessels sharing an MMSI under different ids stay two vessels', async () => {
+  const shared = (id, longitude) => ({
+    ...observation(id),
+    mmsi: '123456789',
+    longitude,
+    name: `HULL ${id}`,
+  });
+  const { layer, primitives } = setup({
+    getSnapshot: async () =>
+      snapshot([shared('hull-a', 4.05), shared('hull-b', 4.25)]),
+  });
+  await layer.update();
+  assert.equal(layer.getStats().count, 2);
+  assert.equal(primitives.size, 2);
+  assert.equal(layer.hasContact('hull-a'), true);
+  assert.equal(layer.hasContact('hull-b'), true);
+  // An MMSI is not a key, but a link naming one still finds a vessel with it.
+  assert.equal(layer.hasContact('123456789'), true);
+  assert.equal(layer.hasContact('987654321'), false);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    layer
+      .getAllPositions()
+      .map(({ id }) => id)
+      .sort(),
+    ['hull-a', 'hull-b'],
+  );
+  assert.equal(layer.selectById('hull-b'), true);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [layer.getSelectedInfo().id, layer.getSelectedInfo().mmsi],
+    ['hull-b', '123456789'],
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    layer.selectById('123456789'),
+    true,
+    'a link naming the MMSI selects a vessel with it',
+  );
+  assert.equal(layer.getSelectedInfo().mmsi, '123456789');
+  assert.equal(layer.selectById('hull-b'), true);
+  // A lookup by the shared MMSI still finds a vessel that has it.
+  assert.equal(layer.findByQuery('123456789').mmsi, '123456789');
+});
+
+test('a vessel with an id and no MMSI renders and can be selected', async () => {
+  const { layer, primitives } = setup({
+    getSnapshot: async () =>
+      snapshot([{ ...observation('7f3c9a10-provider-id'), name: 'NO MMSI' }]),
+  });
+  await layer.update();
+  assert.equal(primitives.size, 1);
+  const [primitive] = primitives;
+  assert.equal(primitive.id.id, '7f3c9a10-provider-id');
+  assert.equal(primitive.id.mmsi, '');
+  assert.equal(layer.selectById('7f3c9a10-provider-id'), true);
+  const info = layer.getSelectedInfo();
+  assert.equal(info.id, '7f3c9a10-provider-id');
+  assert.equal(info.mmsi, '');
+  assert.equal(layer.getCockpitSubject().id, '7f3c9a10-provider-id');
+  assert.equal(layer.testing._getVesselStateForTest().trailId, info.id);
+});
+
+test('a vessel keyed by a UUID is found in any case and names its drawn fix', async () => {
+  const uuid = '0770e3ca-b896-c307-f499-4f9df2b8f86b';
+  const { layer } = setup({
+    getSnapshot: async () =>
+      snapshot([{ ...observation(uuid.toUpperCase()), name: 'UUID HULL' }]),
+  });
+  await layer.update();
+  assert.equal(layer.getSelectedFix(), null, 'nothing selected');
+  // A share link carries the UUID in lowercase.
+  assert.equal(layer.hasContact(uuid), true);
+  assert.equal(layer.selectById(uuid), true);
+  const fix = layer.getSelectedFix();
+  assert.equal(fix.id, uuid.toUpperCase());
+  assert.ok(fix.position, 'where the vessel is drawn');
+  assert.equal(fix.observedAtMs, 500);
+  assert.equal(layer.hasContact('0770e3ca-b896-c307-f499-4f9df2b8f86c'), false);
+});
+
+test('AIS feed rows stay keyed by their MMSI', async () => {
+  const { vesselSnapshot } = await import('../../sources/live/vessels.js');
+  const row = { mmsi: '235000001', lat: 51.93, lon: 4.05, name: 'TERN' };
+  const { layer } = setup({
+    getSnapshot: async () =>
+      vesselSnapshot({ rows: [row, { ...row, lon: 4.2 }], status: 'live' }),
+  });
+  await layer.update();
+  assert.equal(layer.getStats().count, 1, 'one MMSI is one vessel on AIS');
+  assert.equal(layer.selectById('235000001'), true);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [layer.getSelectedInfo().id, layer.getSelectedInfo().mmsi],
+    ['235000001', '235000001'],
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/queries.js b/src/layers/vessels/queries.js
index c0ce32355..d927def6d 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/queries.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/queries.js
@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ import {
 } from './policy.js';
 import { VESSEL_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID } from '../../data/vesselLabels.js';
 
+const UUID_KEY =
+  /^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$/i;
+
 export function createQueries({
   vesselState,
   services,
@@ -38,6 +41,28 @@ export function createQueries({
   const { state } = vesselState;
   const { formatKnots } = services.labels;
 
+  /**
+   * The vessel keyed `id`, else the first whose MMSI is `id`: a link or a
+   * caller that names a vessel by its MMSI still finds it. A share link
+   * carries a UUID key in lowercase, so a UUID matches in any case.
+   * @param {string} id
+   * @returns {object|null}
+   */
+  function recordFor(id) {
+    const record = state.records.byId?.get(id);
+    if (record) return record;
+    if (UUID_KEY.test(id)) {
+      const wanted = id.toLowerCase();
+      for (const candidate of state.records.byId?.values() ?? [])
+        if (candidate.id.toLowerCase() === wanted) return candidate;
+      return null;
+    }
+    if (!/^\d{1,10}$/.test(id)) return null;
+    for (const candidate of state.records.byId?.values() ?? [])
+      if (candidate.mmsi === id) return candidate;
+    return null;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Seconds until the server's next reconnect attempt, or 0 when none is
    * scheduled. Mirrors the flights layer's `retryInSec` chip affordance.
@@ -175,8 +200,9 @@ export function createQueries({
    * fields are null, never NaN/undefined. navStatus is always null: the
    * /api/vessels proxy does not surface AIS NavigationalStatus, so it
    * cannot be derived client-side.
-   * @param {Object|null|undefined} record - `state.records.byMmsi`/`state.records.all` entry.
-   * @returns {{id: string|null, mmsi: string|null, name: string|null,
+   * @param {Object|null|undefined} record - `state.records.byId`/`state.records.all` entry.
+   * @returns {{id: string|null, vesselId: string|null, mmsi: string|null,
+   *   name: string|null,
    *   lat: number|null, lon: number|null, speedKts: number|null,
    *   courseDeg: number|null, shipType: string|null, destination: string|null,
    *   navStatus: null}}
@@ -188,10 +214,14 @@ export function createQueries({
       const t = String(v ?? '').trim();
       return t || null;
     };
+    const vesselId = text(record?.id);
     const mmsi = text(record?.mmsi);
     const name = text(record?.name);
     return {
-      id: name || mmsi,
+      // A display label, as every layer's analyst `id` is; `vesselId` is the
+      // key and `mmsi` the vessel's MMSI when known.
+      id: name || mmsi || vesselId,
+      vesselId,
       mmsi,
       name,
       lat: num(record?.lat),
@@ -225,32 +255,32 @@ export function createQueries({
    * trail picks as no-ops. The interaction wire also reserves sibling-owned
    * picks before this reducer so their camera action cannot mutate AIS state.
    *
-   * @param {{selectedMmsi?: string|number|null, pickedMmsi?: string|number|null,
+   * @param {{selectedId?: string|number|null, pickedId?: string|number|null,
    *   gesture?: 'click'|'escape'}} input - Current selection plus owned pick.
    * @returns {{action: 'none'|'select'|'deselect'}}
    */
 
   function reduceVesselSelection(input = {}) {
-    const selectedMmsi = normalizeSelectionMmsi(input.selectedMmsi);
-    const pickedMmsi = normalizeSelectionMmsi(input.pickedMmsi);
+    const selectedId = normalizeSelectionId(input.selectedId);
+    const pickedId = normalizeSelectionId(input.pickedId);
     const gesture = input.gesture || 'click';
 
     if (gesture === 'escape') {
-      return selectedMmsi ? { action: 'deselect' } : { action: 'none' };
+      return selectedId ? { action: 'deselect' } : { action: 'none' };
     }
     if (gesture !== 'click') {
       return { action: 'none' };
     }
-    if (pickedMmsi) {
-      if (pickedMmsi === selectedMmsi) {
+    if (pickedId) {
+      if (pickedId === selectedId) {
         return { action: 'none' };
       }
       return { action: 'select' };
     }
-    return selectedMmsi ? { action: 'deselect' } : { action: 'none' };
+    return selectedId ? { action: 'deselect' } : { action: 'none' };
   }
 
-  function normalizeSelectionMmsi(value) {
+  function normalizeSelectionId(value) {
     if (value === null || value === undefined) return null;
     const text = String(value).trim();
     return text || null;
@@ -275,9 +305,10 @@ export function createQueries({
     statsRefreshInterval: 1000,
 
     /**
-     * Find a vessel by exact MMSI or case-insensitive name substring.
-     * @param {string|number} query MMSI or partial vessel name.
-     * @returns {{ mmsi: string, name: string, position: Cesium.Cartesian3, latitude: number, longitude: number, speedKt: number|null, course: number|null, type: string }|null}
+     * Find a vessel by its exact id, exact MMSI or case-insensitive name
+     * substring. Vessels can share an MMSI; the first that has it is found.
+     * @param {string|number} query Vessel id, MMSI or partial vessel name.
+     * @returns {{ id: string, mmsi: string, name: string, position: Cesium.Cartesian3, latitude: number, longitude: number, speedKt: number|null, course: number|null, type: string }|null}
      */
     findByQuery(query) {
       if (query === null || query === undefined) return null;
@@ -286,9 +317,9 @@ export function createQueries({
       const q = String(query).trim();
       if (!q) return null;
 
-      let record = null;
-      if (/^\d+$/.test(q)) {
-        record = state.records.byMmsi.get(q) || null;
+      let record = state.records.byId.get(q) || null;
+      if (!record && /^\d+$/.test(q)) {
+        record = records.find((r) => r.mmsi === q) || null;
       }
       if (!record) {
         const lower = q.toLowerCase();
@@ -306,6 +337,7 @@ export function createQueries({
         components.rendering.getVisual(record).position;
       if (!position) return null;
       return {
+        id: record.id,
         mmsi: record.mmsi,
         name: record.name,
         position,
@@ -322,7 +354,7 @@ export function createQueries({
      * @param {Cesium.Cartesian3} centerCartesian Center of the search.
      * @param {number} rangeM Max distance in meters (non-finite = unbounded).
      * @param {number} [maxCount=25] Maximum entries to return.
-     * @returns {Array<{ mmsi: string, name: string, position: Cesium.Cartesian3, distanceM: number }>}
+     * @returns {Array<{ id: string, mmsi: string, name: string, position: Cesium.Cartesian3, distanceM: number }>}
      */
     getNearby(centerCartesian, rangeM, maxCount = 25) {
       const records = state.records.all;
@@ -342,6 +374,7 @@ export function createQueries({
         const distanceM = Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(centerCartesian, position);
         if (!Number.isFinite(distanceM) || distanceM > range) continue;
         entries.push({
+          id: record.id,
           mmsi: record.mmsi,
           name: record.name,
           position,
@@ -363,7 +396,7 @@ export function createQueries({
      * @returns {Array<{ id: string, name: string, latitude: number,
      *   longitude: number, course: number|null, heading: number|null,
      *   type: string, color: string, stale: boolean }>} Empty while the
-     *   layer is off. A ship with no MMSI has an `unkeyed:` id.
+     *   layer is off. A ship with no id has an `unkeyed:` id.
      */
     getRadarContacts(lat, lon, rangeM, maxCount = 60) {
       const records = state.records.all;
@@ -373,7 +406,7 @@ export function createQueries({
       const cap =
         Number.isFinite(maxCount) && maxCount > 0 ? Math.floor(maxCount) : 60;
       const center = { lat, lon };
-      const subject = state.cockpitSubjectMmsi;
+      const subject = state.cockpitSubjectId;
       const finite = (value) => {
         if (value === null || value === undefined || value === '') return null;
         const number = Number(value);
@@ -382,7 +415,7 @@ export function createQueries({
 
       const entries = [];
       records.forEach((record, index) => {
-        if (subject && String(record.mmsi) === subject) return;
+        if (subject && String(record.id) === subject) return;
         const distanceM = greatCircleMeters(center, {
           lat: record.lat,
           lon: record.lon,
@@ -392,8 +425,8 @@ export function createQueries({
       });
       entries.sort((a, b) => a.distanceM - b.distanceM);
       return entries.slice(0, cap).map(({ record, index }) => ({
-        // A ship with no MMSI still needs a key of its own on the scope.
-        id: record.mmsi ? String(record.mmsi) : `unkeyed:${index}`,
+        // A ship with no id still needs a key of its own on the scope.
+        id: record.id ? String(record.id) : `unkeyed:${index}`,
         name: String(record.name || record.mmsi || ''),
         latitude: record.lat,
         longitude: record.lon,
@@ -414,22 +447,22 @@ export function createQueries({
      * Whether this layer still carries a vessel, in O(1).
      *
      * Mirror of `flights.hasContact`: presence consumers must not infer absence
-     * from the capped `getAllPositions` rows. `vesselMap` is MMSI-keyed.
+     * from the capped `getAllPositions` rows. Records are keyed by id.
      * A disabled layer keeps its records, so it must decline rather than answer
      * from data the user can no longer see.
-     * @param {string} mmsi Vessel identifier.
+     * @param {string} id Vessel id.
      * @returns {boolean|null} Presence, or null when the layer is disabled or
      *   holds no data and therefore cannot answer.
      */
-    hasContact(mmsi) {
+    hasContact(id) {
       if (
         !state.feed.enabled ||
-        !state.records.byMmsi ||
-        state.records.byMmsi.size === 0
+        !state.records.byId ||
+        state.records.byId.size === 0
       )
         return null;
-      if (!mmsi) return false;
-      return state.records.byMmsi.has(String(mmsi).trim());
+      if (!id) return false;
+      return Boolean(recordFor(String(id).trim()));
     },
 
     getAllPositions(maxCount = 800) {
@@ -445,8 +478,8 @@ export function createQueries({
         const position = visual.billboard?.position || visual.position;
         if (!position) continue;
         result.push({
-          id: record.mmsi,
-          label: record.name || record.mmsi,
+          id: record.id,
+          label: record.name || record.mmsi || record.id,
           position,
           latitude: record.lat,
           longitude: record.lon,
@@ -479,16 +512,16 @@ export function createQueries({
     },
 
     /**
-     * Select a vessel by MMSI via the same path as a map click
-     * (highlight + HUD update).
-     * @param {string|number} mmsi Vessel MMSI.
+     * Select a vessel by id via the same path as a map click
+     * (highlight + HUD update). An AIS feed's vessels are keyed by MMSI.
+     * @param {string|number} id Vessel id.
      * @returns {boolean} True if a matching vessel was selected.
      */
-    selectById(mmsi) {
-      if (mmsi === null || mmsi === undefined) return false;
-      const target = String(mmsi).trim();
+    selectById(id) {
+      if (id === null || id === undefined) return false;
+      const target = String(id).trim();
       if (!target) return false;
-      const record = state.records.byMmsi.get(target);
+      const record = recordFor(target);
       if (!record) return false;
       components.selection.selectVessel(record);
       return true;
@@ -505,12 +538,13 @@ export function createQueries({
 
     /**
      * Get info about the currently selected vessel.
-     * @returns {{ mmsi: string, name: string, latitude: number, longitude: number, speedKt: number|null, course: number|null, type: string }|null}
+     * @returns {{ id: string, mmsi: string, name: string, latitude: number, longitude: number, speedKt: number|null, course: number|null, type: string }|null}
      */
     getSelectedInfo() {
       const record = state.selectedRecord;
       if (!record) return null;
       return {
+        id: record.id,
         mmsi: record.mmsi,
         name: record.name,
         latitude: record.lat,
@@ -521,6 +555,33 @@ export function createQueries({
       };
     },
 
+    /**
+     * Where the selected vessel is drawn now, for a share link that names it:
+     * its id, its drawn position and the time that position stands for (the
+     * world time while the layer follows the clock, else its fix's time).
+     * @returns {{ id: string, position: Cesium.Cartesian3, observedAtMs: number|null }|null}
+     *   Null when the layer is off, nothing is selected or it is not drawn.
+     */
+    getSelectedFix() {
+      if (!state.feed.enabled) return null;
+      const record = state.selectedRecord;
+      if (!record?.id) return null;
+      const visual = components.rendering.getVisual(record);
+      const position = visual?.billboard?.position || visual?.position;
+      if (!position) return null;
+      const fixEpoch = record.lastPositionEpoch;
+      const observedAtMs = followsClock(vesselState)
+        ? vesselState.worldNow()
+        : Number.isFinite(fixEpoch)
+          ? fixEpoch * 1000
+          : (record.fixReceivedAtMs ?? null);
+      return {
+        id: record.id,
+        position,
+        observedAtMs: Number.isFinite(observedAtMs) ? observedAtMs : null,
+      };
+    },
+
     /**
      * Describe the selected vessel for the Cockpit bridge view.
      * @returns {object|null} `vesselCockpitInfo` fields plus `seaSurfaceHeightM`
@@ -546,16 +607,16 @@ export function createQueries({
     /**
      * Mark the vessel whose bridge the Cockpit camera occupies, or release it.
      * Its sprite, card and detection bracket stay hidden while it is held.
-     * @param {string|number|null} mmsi Subject MMSI, or null to release.
+     * @param {string|number|null} id Subject vessel id, or null to release.
      * @returns {boolean} Always true.
      */
-    setCockpitSubject(mmsi) {
-      const next = normalizeSelectionMmsi(mmsi);
-      if (state.cockpitSubjectMmsi === next) return true;
-      state.cockpitSubjectMmsi = next;
+    setCockpitSubject(id) {
+      const next = normalizeSelectionId(id);
+      if (state.cockpitSubjectId === next) return true;
+      state.cockpitSubjectId = next;
       // The ridden ship's trail runs from under the eye: hidden, its history
       // kept, while the bridge holds the ship it belongs to.
-      state.trail?.setVisible?.(!next || next !== state.trailMmsi);
+      state.trail?.setVisible?.(!next || next !== state.trailId);
       components.rendering.updateVisibility(true);
       return true;
     },
@@ -608,7 +669,7 @@ export function createQueries({
         if (!position) continue;
         result.push({
           position,
-          sourceId: record.mmsi,
+          sourceId: record.id,
           id: record.name || record.mmsi || 'VESSEL',
           type: 'SEA',
           skipLabel: record === selected,
@@ -676,7 +737,7 @@ export function createQueries({
     mapAnalystRecord,
     vesselDatumHeightM,
     reduceVesselSelection,
-    normalizeSelectionMmsi,
+    normalizeSelectionId,
     methods,
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/radarContacts.test.mjs b/src/layers/vessels/radarContacts.test.mjs
index d89d7cf5d..001f266e3 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/radarContacts.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/radarContacts.test.mjs
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ test("the ridden ship's trail is hidden while the bridge holds it", () => {
   };
   const layer = layerWith([record('own', 0), record('other', 2)], {
     trail,
-    trailMmsi: 'own',
+    trailId: 'own',
   });
   layer.setCockpitSubject('own');
   assert.deepEqual(shown, [false]);
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/records.js b/src/layers/vessels/records.js
index c0fc2d49e..17296cc62 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/records.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/records.js
@@ -3,17 +3,25 @@ import {
   SELECTED_PIN_REFRESHES,
 } from './recordPolicy.js';
 
-/** Normalize AIS display fields without allocating scene resources. */
+/**
+ * Normalize AIS display fields without allocating scene resources. `id` is the
+ * vessel's key, the stable id its source gives; a row that names none (an
+ * AIS feed's own rows) is keyed by its MMSI. `mmsi` is only an attribute,
+ * shown when known: vessels can share one. A row with neither is unkeyed.
+ */
 export function normalizeVessel(row) {
   const lat = Number(row.lat);
   const lon = Number(row.lon);
   if (!Number.isFinite(lat) || !Number.isFinite(lon)) return null;
+  const mmsi = String(row.mmsi || '').trim();
+  const id = String(row.id ?? mmsi).trim();
   return {
     lat,
     lon,
-    name: String(row.name || row.mmsi || 'VESSEL'),
-    mmsi: String(row.mmsi || '').trim(),
-    reference: row.reference ?? String(row.mmsi || '').trim(),
+    name: String(row.name || mmsi || 'VESSEL'),
+    id,
+    mmsi,
+    reference: row.reference ?? id,
     imo: String(row.imo || ''),
     type: String(row.type || ''),
     destination: String(row.destination || ''),
@@ -68,7 +76,7 @@ function motionBetween(record, next) {
 export class VesselRecords {
   constructor({ now = () => Date.now() } = {}) {
     this.now = now;
-    this.byMmsi = new Map();
+    this.byId = new Map();
     this.unkeyed = [];
     this.all = [];
   }
@@ -112,14 +120,14 @@ export class VesselRecords {
       if (!next) continue;
       next.receivedAtMs = receivedAtMs;
       stampFix(next, receivedAtMs, feedLatestEpoch);
-      if (!next.mmsi) {
+      if (!next.id) {
         effects.add(next);
         this.unkeyed.push(next);
         continue;
       }
-      if (seen.has(next.mmsi)) continue;
-      seen.add(next.mmsi);
-      const record = this.byMmsi.get(next.mmsi);
+      if (seen.has(next.id)) continue;
+      seen.add(next.id);
+      const record = this.byId.get(next.id);
       if (record) {
         const before = effects.beforeUpdate(record);
         // A feed re-serving a cached row repeats its fix: the fix keeps the
@@ -131,6 +139,7 @@ export class VesselRecords {
         if (replace) record.motion = null;
         else if (follow) record.motion = motionBetween(record, next);
         record.reference = next.reference;
+        record.mmsi = next.mmsi;
         record.receivedAtMs = next.receivedAtMs;
         record.lat = next.lat;
         record.lon = next.lon;
@@ -148,15 +157,15 @@ export class VesselRecords {
         effects.updated(record, before);
       } else {
         effects.add(next);
-        this.byMmsi.set(next.mmsi, next);
+        this.byId.set(next.id, next);
       }
     }
-    for (const [mmsi, record] of this.byMmsi) {
-      if (seen.has(mmsi)) continue;
+    for (const [id, record] of this.byId) {
+      if (seen.has(id)) continue;
       if (replace) {
         effects.remove(record, record === selectedRecord);
-        this.byMmsi.delete(mmsi);
-        effects.removed(mmsi);
+        this.byId.delete(id);
+        effects.removed(id);
         continue;
       }
       if (
@@ -179,18 +188,18 @@ export class VesselRecords {
       }
       // Selection teardown still sees the record before its store entry is removed.
       effects.remove(record, record === selectedRecord);
-      this.byMmsi.delete(mmsi);
-      effects.removed(mmsi);
+      this.byId.delete(id);
+      effects.removed(id);
     }
-    if (this.byMmsi.size + this.unkeyed.length > cap) {
-      for (const [mmsi, record] of this.byMmsi) {
-        if (this.byMmsi.size + this.unkeyed.length <= cap) break;
-        if (seen.has(mmsi) || record === selectedRecord) continue;
+    if (this.byId.size + this.unkeyed.length > cap) {
+      for (const [id, record] of this.byId) {
+        if (this.byId.size + this.unkeyed.length <= cap) break;
+        if (seen.has(id) || record === selectedRecord) continue;
         effects.remove(record, false);
-        this.byMmsi.delete(mmsi);
-        effects.removed(mmsi);
+        this.byId.delete(id);
+        effects.removed(id);
       }
     }
-    this.all = [...this.byMmsi.values(), ...this.unkeyed];
+    this.all = [...this.byId.values(), ...this.unkeyed];
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/records.test.mjs b/src/layers/vessels/records.test.mjs
index 9efa91130..d531ff532 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/records.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/records.test.mjs
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ function setup() {
     beforeUpdate: (record) => record.type,
     updated: (record, before) => events.push(['update', record, before]),
     remove: (record, evicted) =>
-      events.push(['remove', record, evicted, store.byMmsi.has(record.mmsi)]),
-    removed: (id) => events.push(['removed', id, store.byMmsi.has(id)]),
+      events.push(['remove', record, evicted, store.byId.has(record.id)]),
+    removed: (id) => events.push(['removed', id, store.byId.has(id)]),
     staleSelected: (record) => events.push(['stale', record]),
   };
   return {
@@ -40,14 +40,14 @@ test('vessel reconciliation preserves record identity and first duplicate while
     row('222', { name: 'duplicate' }),
     row('bad', { lat: NaN }),
   ]);
-  assert.equal(probe.store.byMmsi.size, 2);
-  assert.equal(probe.store.byMmsi.get('222').name, '222');
-  const record = probe.store.byMmsi.get('111');
+  assert.equal(probe.store.byId.size, 2);
+  assert.equal(probe.store.byId.get('222').name, '222');
+  const record = probe.store.byId.get('111');
   probe.reconcile([row('111', { lat: 51.94, type: 'Tanker' })]);
-  assert.equal(probe.store.byMmsi.get('111'), record);
+  assert.equal(probe.store.byId.get('111'), record);
   assert.equal(record.lat, 51.94);
   assert.equal(probe.events.find((event) => event[0] === 'update')[2], 'Cargo');
-  assert.equal(probe.store.byMmsi.has('222'), false);
+  assert.equal(probe.store.byId.has('222'), false);
   for (const field of ['position', 'surfacePosition', 'normal', 'billboard'])
     assert.equal(Object.hasOwn(record, field), false);
   assert.deepEqual(structuredClone(record), record);
@@ -56,14 +56,14 @@ test('vessel reconciliation preserves record identity and first duplicate while
 test('selected vessel remains pinned for three complete misses and teardown precedes removal', () => {
   const probe = setup();
   probe.reconcile([row('111'), row('222')]);
-  const selectedRecord = probe.store.byMmsi.get('111');
+  const selectedRecord = probe.store.byId.get('111');
   for (let i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
     probe.reconcile([row('222')], { selectedRecord });
-    assert.equal(probe.store.byMmsi.get('111'), selectedRecord);
+    assert.equal(probe.store.byId.get('111'), selectedRecord);
     assert.equal(selectedRecord.missedRefreshes, i);
   }
   probe.reconcile([row('222')], { selectedRecord });
-  assert.equal(probe.store.byMmsi.has('111'), false);
+  assert.equal(probe.store.byId.has('111'), false);
   const removal = probe.events.find(
     (event) => event[0] === 'remove' && event[1] === selectedRecord,
   );
@@ -77,13 +77,13 @@ test('selected vessel remains pinned for three complete misses and teardown prec
 test('partial retention respects age and row cap while preserving the selected contact', () => {
   const probe = setup();
   probe.reconcile([row('111'), row('222')], { cap: 2 });
-  const selectedRecord = probe.store.byMmsi.get('111');
+  const selectedRecord = probe.store.byId.get('111');
   probe.reconcile([row('333')], { complete: false, selectedRecord, cap: 2 });
-  assert.deepEqual([...probe.store.byMmsi.keys()], ['111', '333']);
+  assert.deepEqual([...probe.store.byId.keys()], ['111', '333']);
   assert.equal(selectedRecord.missedRefreshes, 1);
   probe.advance(5 * 60 * 1000);
   probe.reconcile([row('333')], { complete: false, selectedRecord, cap: 2 });
-  assert.equal(probe.store.byMmsi.has('111'), false);
+  assert.equal(probe.store.byId.has('111'), false);
   assert.equal(
     probe.events.find(
       (event) => event[0] === 'remove' && event[1] === selectedRecord,
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ test('unkeyed records rebuild on each refresh and numeric coercion keeps unknown
     ),
     true,
   );
-  assert.equal(probe.store.byMmsi.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(probe.store.byId.size, 0);
   assert.equal(probe.store.all.length, 1);
   assert.equal(normalizeVessel(row('bad', { lon: Infinity })), null);
 });
@@ -120,14 +120,14 @@ test("each fix keeps when it was first received and its refresh's newest fix", (
     row('333'),
   ]);
   for (const mmsi of ['111', '222', '333']) {
-    const record = probe.store.byMmsi.get(mmsi);
+    const record = probe.store.byId.get(mmsi);
     assert.equal(record.fixFeedEpoch, 1_800_000_030, mmsi);
     assert.equal(record.fixReceivedAtMs, 1000, mmsi);
   }
   // A new fix is stamped afresh.
   probe.advance(60_000);
   probe.reconcile([row('111', { last_position_epoch: 1_800_000_050 })]);
-  const record = probe.store.byMmsi.get('111');
+  const record = probe.store.byId.get('111');
   assert.equal(record.fixFeedEpoch, 1_800_000_050);
   assert.equal(record.fixReceivedAtMs, 61_000);
   // The same fix re-served by later polls keeps its first receipt, while
@@ -141,3 +141,43 @@ test("each fix keeps when it was first received and its refresh's newest fix", (
   assert.equal(record.fixFeedEpoch, 1_800_000_050);
   assert.equal(record.receivedAtMs, 91_000);
 });
+
+test('vessels are keyed by their source id; a shared MMSI is only an attribute', () => {
+  const probe = setup();
+  probe.reconcile([
+    row('123456789', { id: 'hull-a', name: 'A' }),
+    row('123456789', { id: 'hull-b', name: 'B' }),
+    row('', { id: 'hull-c', name: 'C' }),
+  ]);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [...probe.store.byId.keys()],
+    ['hull-a', 'hull-b', 'hull-c'],
+  );
+  assert.equal(probe.store.unkeyed.length, 0);
+  const [a, b, c] = probe.store.all;
+  assert.deepEqual([a.mmsi, b.mmsi, c.mmsi], ['123456789', '123456789', '']);
+  assert.equal(a.reference, 'hull-a');
+  // The number moves to another hull: the vessel keeps its id.
+  probe.reconcile([
+    row('', { id: 'hull-a', name: 'A' }),
+    row('123456789', { id: 'hull-b', name: 'B' }),
+    row('123456789', { id: 'hull-c', name: 'C' }),
+  ]);
+  assert.equal(probe.store.byId.get('hull-a'), a);
+  assert.equal(a.mmsi, '');
+  assert.equal(probe.store.byId.get('hull-c').mmsi, '123456789');
+});
+
+test('an AIS row with no id is keyed by its MMSI; one with neither is unkeyed', () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [
+      normalizeVessel(row('366999712')).id,
+      normalizeVessel(row('366999712')).mmsi,
+    ],
+    ['366999712', '366999712'],
+  );
+  const probe = setup();
+  probe.reconcile([row(''), row('', { id: '' })]);
+  assert.equal(probe.store.byId.size, 0);
+  assert.equal(probe.store.unkeyed.length, 2);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/rendering.js b/src/layers/vessels/rendering.js
index ed6ea4ed7..7a6aa6739 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/rendering.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/rendering.js
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ export function createRendering({
         if (visual.billboard) {
           // The bridge camera sits on this sprite; showing it would fill the view.
           visual.billboard.show =
-            visible && record.mmsi !== state.cockpitSubjectMmsi;
+            visible && record.id !== state.cockpitSubjectId;
           if (visible && doRotations && scene) {
             const rot = screenProjectedRotation(
               scene,
@@ -445,8 +445,7 @@ export function createRendering({
     const selected = state.selectedRecord;
     // From the bridge, the selected vessel is the viewer; its card would be
     // pinned to the camera position.
-    const selectedCarded =
-      selected && selected.mmsi !== state.cockpitSubjectMmsi;
+    const selectedCarded = selected && selected.id !== state.cockpitSubjectId;
     const entries = selectedCarded
       ? [components.cards.buildSelectedVesselCard(selected)]
       : [];
@@ -532,17 +531,17 @@ export function createRendering({
           VESSEL_CARD_FADE_DISTANCE_M,
         );
         if (!card.interactive) return card;
-        const mmsi = String(card.id || '').startsWith('vessel:')
+        const id = String(card.id || '').startsWith('vessel:')
           ? card.id.slice('vessel:'.length)
           : '';
+        const mmsi = state.records.byId.get(id)?.mmsi || '';
         return {
           ...card,
-          accessibilityLabel: t('Focus vessel {name}, MMSI {mmsi}', {
-            name: card.title,
-            mmsi,
-          }),
+          accessibilityLabel: mmsi
+            ? t('Focus vessel {name}, MMSI {mmsi}', { name: card.title, mmsi })
+            : t('Focus {label}', { label: card.title }),
           activate: () => {
-            const record = state.records.byMmsi.get(mmsi);
+            const record = state.records.byId.get(id);
             if (!record) return false;
             components.selection.selectAndFocusVessel(record);
             return true;
@@ -574,7 +573,8 @@ export function createRendering({
       text &&
       text !== 'VESSEL' &&
       !/^MMSI\s*\d+$/i.test(text) &&
-      text !== record.mmsi,
+      text !== record.mmsi &&
+      text !== record.id,
     );
   }
 
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/selection.js b/src/layers/vessels/selection.js
index 4b801b9c9..99f3b674a 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/selection.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/selection.js
@@ -39,13 +39,15 @@ export function createSelection({
       if (!state.feed.enabled) return;
       // The bridge view owns the selection: a click on open water must not
       // deselect the vessel the camera is riding.
-      if (state.cockpitSubjectMmsi) return;
+      if (state.cockpitSubjectId) return;
       const picked = pickContact
         ? pickContact(viewer.scene, click.position)
         : viewer.scene.pick(click.position);
       const pickedId = resolvePickId(picked);
-      let record = pickedId ? state.records.byMmsi.get(pickedId) : null;
+      let record = pickedId ? state.records.byId.get(pickedId) : null;
       const rawId = picked?.id ?? picked?.primitive?.id;
+      // Every vessel record carries an `mmsi` field ('' when unknown); its
+      // key is `id`.
       const ownRecordPick =
         rawId && typeof rawId === 'object' && Object.hasOwn(rawId, 'mmsi');
 
@@ -85,10 +87,10 @@ export function createSelection({
       if (cycloneBackground && cardHit?.sourceId !== VESSEL_OVERLAY_SOURCE_ID)
         return;
       if (!record && cardHit) {
-        const mmsi = String(cardHit.entryId || '').startsWith('vessel:')
+        const id = String(cardHit.entryId || '').startsWith('vessel:')
           ? cardHit.entryId.slice('vessel:'.length)
           : null;
-        record = mmsi ? state.records.byMmsi.get(mmsi) || null : null;
+        record = id ? state.records.byId.get(id) || null : null;
         // A stale card id is not empty terrain and must not clear a newer
         // selection. The next paint will evict its hit rectangle.
         if (!record) return;
@@ -100,8 +102,8 @@ export function createSelection({
         selectAndFocusVessel(record);
       } else {
         const transition = components.queries.reduceVesselSelection({
-          selectedMmsi: state.selectedRecord?.mmsi,
-          pickedMmsi: null,
+          selectedId: state.selectedRecord?.id,
+          pickedId: null,
           gesture: 'click',
         });
         if (transition.action === 'deselect') clearVesselInspection();
@@ -123,17 +125,17 @@ export function createSelection({
   /** Select one live vessel and request one UI-owned camera transfer. */
 
   function selectAndFocusVessel(record) {
-    if (!record?.mmsi) return false;
+    if (!record?.id) return false;
     const transition = components.queries.reduceVesselSelection({
-      selectedMmsi: state.selectedRecord?.mmsi,
-      pickedMmsi: record.mmsi,
+      selectedId: state.selectedRecord?.id,
+      pickedId: record.id,
       gesture: 'click',
     });
     if (transition.action === 'select') selectVessel(record);
     requestWorldFocus({
       kind: 'vessel',
-      id: record.mmsi,
-      label: record.name || record.mmsi,
+      id: record.id,
+      label: record.name || record.mmsi || record.id,
       position:
         components.rendering.getVisual(record).billboard?.position ||
         components.rendering.getVisual(record).position,
@@ -160,7 +162,7 @@ export function createSelection({
   function onVesselKeyDown(event) {
     if (!state.feed.enabled || event.key !== 'Escape') return;
     const transition = components.queries.reduceVesselSelection({
-      selectedMmsi: state.selectedRecord?.mmsi,
+      selectedId: state.selectedRecord?.id,
       gesture: 'escape',
     });
     if (transition.action === 'deselect') {
@@ -169,8 +171,8 @@ export function createSelection({
   }
 
   function selectVessel(record) {
-    if (!record?.mmsi) return;
-    const reuseTrail = state.trailMmsi === record.mmsi;
+    if (!record?.id) return;
+    const reuseTrail = state.trailId === record.id;
     clearSelection({ preserveTrail: reuseTrail });
     state.selectedRecord = record;
     record.missedRefreshes = 0;
@@ -188,7 +190,7 @@ export function createSelection({
       selectEntityContext(record);
     }
     // Track-history trail (PRD F3/F4): seed with the current position + async
-    // backfill from the server-side per-MMSI ring buffer.
+    // backfill from the source's recent track for this vessel.
     if (reuseTrail) {
       components.tracking.appendSelectedVesselTrailFix(record);
     } else {
@@ -204,10 +206,10 @@ export function createSelection({
    */
 
   function registerSelectedContext(record) {
-    if (!record?.mmsi) return null;
+    if (!record?.id) return null;
     try {
       return registerEntityContext(record, {
-        id: `ais-${record.mmsi}`,
+        id: `ais-${record.id}`,
         layerId: 'ais-live-vessels',
         layerName: 'Live AIS Vessels',
         source: aisLiveVesselsLayer.source,
@@ -215,7 +217,8 @@ export function createSelection({
         latitude: record.lat,
         longitude: record.lon,
         properties: {
-          mmsi: record.mmsi,
+          vesselId: record.id,
+          mmsi: record.mmsi || null,
           type: record.type,
           speedKt: record.speed,
           course: record.course,
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/snapshotRenderer.js b/src/layers/vessels/snapshotRenderer.js
index a461c1c17..584b17417 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/snapshotRenderer.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/snapshotRenderer.js
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ export function createVesselSnapshotRenderer({
             const nextIcon = rendering.shipIcon(record, selected);
             if (nextIcon !== prevIcon) visual.billboard.image = nextIcon;
           }
-          if (record.mmsi === state.trailMmsi)
+          if (record.id === state.trailId)
             tracking.appendSelectedVesselTrailFix(record);
           if (selected) {
             cards.updateSelectedVesselHud(record);
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ export function createVesselSnapshotRenderer({
           if (evicted) selection.clearVesselInspection({ evicted: true });
           rendering.removeRecordPrimitives(record);
         },
-        removed(mmsi) {
-          if (state.trailMmsi === mmsi) tracking.clearSelectedVesselTrail();
+        removed(id) {
+          if (state.trailId === id) tracking.clearSelectedVesselTrail();
         },
         staleSelected(record) {
           cards.updateSelectedVesselHud(record);
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ export function createVesselSnapshotRenderer({
       },
     );
     // The selected vessel at the new time: its trail starts there.
-    if (replace && state.selectedRecord && state.trailMmsi)
+    if (replace && state.selectedRecord && state.trailId)
       tracking.startSelectedVesselTrail(state.selectedRecord);
     state.lastVisibilityUpdate = 0;
     rendering.updateVisibility(true);
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/state.js b/src/layers/vessels/state.js
index 35e336edc..8875d706e 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/state.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/state.js
@@ -86,14 +86,14 @@ export function createVesselState({ source, services }) {
     activeFocusCount: 0,
     activeLabelCount: 0,
     selectedRecord: null,
-    /** @type {string|null} MMSI whose bridge the Cockpit camera occupies; its sprite and card stay hidden. */
-    cockpitSubjectMmsi: null,
+    /** @type {string|null} Id of the vessel whose bridge the Cockpit camera occupies; its sprite and card stay hidden. */
+    cockpitSubjectId: null,
     /** @type {{setPositions: Function, clear: Function, destroy: Function}|null} Selected-vessel fading trail */
     trail: null,
     /** @type {Cesium.Cartesian3[]} Chronological trail vertices (oldest first) */
     trailPositions: [],
-    /** @type {string|null} MMSI that owns the active selected-vessel trail. */
-    trailMmsi: null,
+    /** @type {string|null} Id of the vessel that owns the active selected-vessel trail. */
+    trailId: null,
     /** @type {number} Monotonic token — invalidates in-flight backfill responses */
     trailBackfillToken: 0,
     trailAbort: null,
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/testing.js b/src/layers/vessels/testing.js
index 6cab17086..436c451d4 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/testing.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/testing.js
@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ export function createTesting({
   function _setVesselStateForTest(options = {}) {
     components.lifecycle.resetState();
     const records = Array.isArray(options.records) ? options.records : [];
+    // A test record that names no id is keyed by its MMSI, as an AIS feed's
+    // own rows are (see normalizeVessel).
+    for (const record of [...records, options.selectedRecord])
+      if (record && typeof record === 'object' && record.id === undefined)
+        record.id = String(record.mmsi || '').trim();
     state.viewer = options.viewer || null;
     state.feed.enabled = options.enabled !== false;
     state.feed.loaded = options.loaded === true;
@@ -42,15 +47,15 @@ export function createTesting({
     state.feed.lastUpdate = options.lastUpdate ?? null;
     state.records.all = records;
     state.feed.count = records.length;
-    state.records.byMmsi = new Map(
+    state.records.byId = new Map(
       records
-        .filter((record) => record?.mmsi)
-        .map((record) => [record.mmsi, record]),
+        .filter((record) => record?.id)
+        .map((record) => [record.id, record]),
     );
     state.selectedRecord = options.selectedRecord || null;
     state.billboardCollection = options.billboardCollection || { remove() {} };
     state.trail = options.trail || null;
-    state.trailMmsi = options.trailMmsi || null;
+    state.trailId = options.trailId || null;
     state.trailPositions = Array.isArray(options.trailPositions)
       ? [...options.trailPositions]
       : [];
@@ -141,8 +146,8 @@ export function createTesting({
       lastMessageAt: state.feed.lastMessageAt,
       rawRowCount: state.feed.rawRowCount,
       acceptedRowCount: state.feed.acceptedRowCount,
-      selectedMmsi: state.selectedRecord?.mmsi || null,
-      trailMmsi: state.trailMmsi,
+      selectedId: state.selectedRecord?.id || null,
+      trailId: state.trailId,
       trailPositionCount: state.trailPositions.length,
       sessionId: state.feed.sessionId,
       firstConnectPhase: state.feed.firstConnectPhase,
@@ -166,14 +171,14 @@ export function createTesting({
   /**
    * Read lifecycle ownership state without exposing the mutable state object.
    * Test-only seam.
-   * @returns {{trailMmsi: string|null, trailPositionCount: number, vesselCount: number}}
+   * @returns {{trailId: string|null, trailPositionCount: number, vesselCount: number}}
    */
 
   function _getVesselStateForTest() {
     return {
-      trailMmsi: state.trailMmsi,
+      trailId: state.trailId,
       trailPositionCount: state.trailPositions.length,
-      vesselCount: state.records.byMmsi.size,
+      vesselCount: state.records.byId.size,
     };
   }
   return {
diff --git a/src/layers/vessels/tracking.js b/src/layers/vessels/tracking.js
index 8a8a5c30c..dfc2aae55 100644
--- a/src/layers/vessels/tracking.js
+++ b/src/layers/vessels/tracking.js
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ export function createTracking({
     state.trailAbort?.abort();
     state.trailAbort = new AbortController();
     state.trailBackfillToken += 1;
-    state.trailMmsi = record.mmsi;
+    state.trailId = record.id;
     state.trailPositions = [];
     const current = vesselTrailPosition(record);
     if (current) state.trailPositions.push(current);
@@ -97,25 +97,21 @@ export function createTracking({
       });
     }
     if (state.trail) state.trail.setPositions(state.trailPositions);
-    backfillVesselTrail(
-      record.mmsi,
-      state.trailBackfillToken,
-      record.reference,
-    );
+    backfillVesselTrail(record.id, state.trailBackfillToken, record.reference);
   }
 
   /**
-   * Fire-and-forget backfill from the server-side per-MMSI ring buffer
+   * Fire-and-forget backfill from the server-side per-vessel ring buffer
    * (PRD F3 — "recent path" since server boot, not voyage history). Older
    * samples are spliced AHEAD of the live accumulation, capped at
    * TRAIL_MAX_POINTS (newest kept). Any failure (404/timeout/malformed)
    * silently keeps the live-only trail.
-   * @param {string} mmsi - MMSI of the selected vessel.
+   * @param {string} id - Key of the selected vessel.
    * @param {number} token - Backfill token captured at request time.
    * @returns {Promise<void>}
    */
 
-  async function backfillVesselTrail(mmsi, token, reference = mmsi) {
+  async function backfillVesselTrail(id, token, reference = id) {
     const owner = state.trailAbort;
     // Following the world clock, the track ends at the world's time.
     const atMs = followsClock(vesselState) ? vesselState.worldNow() : undefined;
@@ -139,7 +135,7 @@ export function createTracking({
       token !== state.trailBackfillToken
     )
       return;
-    if (state.trailMmsi !== mmsi) return;
+    if (state.trailId !== id) return;
 
     const older = [];
     for (const sample of samples) {
@@ -198,7 +194,7 @@ export function createTracking({
     state.trailAbort?.abort();
     state.trailAbort = null;
     state.trailBackfillToken += 1;
-    state.trailMmsi = null;
+    state.trailId = null;
     state.trailPositions = [];
     if (state.trail) state.trail.clear();
   }
diff --git a/src/loadingFeedback.test.mjs b/src/loadingFeedback.test.mjs
index d892ddf1c..ab26f6a3e 100644
--- a/src/loadingFeedback.test.mjs
+++ b/src/loadingFeedback.test.mjs
@@ -1,43 +1,124 @@
 import { ShareRestoration } from './ui/shareRestoration.js';
-import { readShellSource, shellMethod } from './testSupport/readShellSource.mjs';
+import {
+  readShellSource,
+  shellMethod,
+} from './testSupport/readShellSource.mjs';
 import { renderApplicationHtml } from './testSupport/applicationHtml.mjs';
 import { readStylesheet } from './testSupport/readStylesheet.mjs';
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
-const retrySite = (stats = {}) => ({ id: 'military-installations', name: 'Mapped Installations', enabled: true,
-  stats: { status: 'unavailable', error: 'Unavailable', retryAt: Date.now() + 30000, ...stats } });
+const retrySite = (stats = {}) => ({
+  id: 'military-installations',
+  name: 'Mapped Installations',
+  enabled: true,
+  stats: {
+    status: 'unavailable',
+    error: 'Unavailable',
+    retryAt: Date.now() + 30000,
+    ...stats,
+  },
+});
 
 test('installation retry remains visible after failure dwell without a false spinner', () => {
   const summary = aggregateLayerLoading([retrySite()]);
-  const view = presentLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), summary, 100);
+  const view = presentLoadingFeedback(
+    createLoadingFeedbackState(),
+    summary,
+    100,
+  );
   assert.equal(view.state, 'retry');
   assert.equal(view.label, 'OVERPASS TEMPORARILY UNAVAILABLE');
   assert.match(view.detail, /retrying in 30s/);
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), aggregateLayerLoading([{ ...retrySite(), enabled: false }]), 100), null);
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(
+      createLoadingFeedbackState(),
+      aggregateLayerLoading([{ ...retrySite(), enabled: false }]),
+      100,
+    ),
+    null,
+  );
 });
 test('an installation retry never conceals another participant failure', () => {
-  const state = { visible: true, phase: 'terminal', terminal: 'error', activeIds: ['military-installations', 'flights'] };
-  const summary = aggregateLayerLoading([retrySite(), { id: 'flights', enabled: true, stats: { error: 'Failed' } }]);
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(state, summary, 100).label, 'LOAD FAILED');
+  const state = {
+    visible: true,
+    phase: 'terminal',
+    terminal: 'error',
+    activeIds: ['military-installations', 'flights'],
+  };
+  const summary = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    retrySite(),
+    { id: 'flights', enabled: true, stats: { error: 'Failed' } },
+  ]);
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(state, summary, 100).label,
+    'LOAD FAILED',
+  );
   const healthyNow = aggregateLayerLoading([retrySite()]);
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback({ ...state, failedEventIds: ['flights'] }, healthyNow, 100).label, 'LOAD FAILED');
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(
+      { ...state, failedEventIds: ['flights'] },
+      healthyNow,
+      100,
+    ).label,
+    'LOAD FAILED',
+  );
 });
 test('a fresh installation retry can finish successfully without inheriting the old error', () => {
-  let state = { ...createLoadingFeedbackState(), phase: 'terminal', terminal: 'error', visible: true, activeIds: ['military-installations'] };
-  const loading = aggregateLayerLoading([retrySite({ status: 'loading', error: null, loading: true, retryAt: 0, retrying: true })]);
+  let state = {
+    ...createLoadingFeedbackState(),
+    phase: 'terminal',
+    terminal: 'error',
+    visible: true,
+    activeIds: ['military-installations'],
+  };
+  const loading = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    retrySite({
+      status: 'loading',
+      error: null,
+      loading: true,
+      retryAt: 0,
+      retrying: true,
+    }),
+  ]);
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, loading, 1000);
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, loading, 1200);
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(state, loading, 1200).label, 'RETRYING MAPPED SITES');
-  const done = aggregateLayerLoading([retrySite({ status: 'ready', error: null, loading: false, retryAt: 0, retrying: false, count: 3 })]);
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(state, loading, 1200).label,
+    'RETRYING MAPPED SITES',
+  );
+  const done = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    retrySite({
+      status: 'ready',
+      error: null,
+      loading: false,
+      retryAt: 0,
+      retrying: false,
+      count: 3,
+    }),
+  ]);
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, done, 1500);
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(state, done, 1500).label, 'MAPPED SITES LOADED');
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(state, done, 1500).label,
+    'MAPPED SITES LOADED',
+  );
 });
 test('turning off a retrying installation layer does not report the old fetch failure as a disable failure', () => {
-  const stopping = aggregateLayerLoading([{ ...retrySite(), lifecycleState: 'disabling' }]);
-  let state = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), stopping, 1000);
+  const stopping = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    { ...retrySite(), lifecycleState: 'disabling' },
+  ]);
+  let state = reduceLoadingFeedback(
+    createLoadingFeedbackState(),
+    stopping,
+    1000,
+  );
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, stopping, 1200);
-  const off = aggregateLayerLoading([{ ...retrySite({ status: 'idle', error: null, retryAt: 0 }), enabled: false }]);
+  const off = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    {
+      ...retrySite({ status: 'idle', error: null, retryAt: 0 }),
+      enabled: false,
+    },
+  ]);
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, off, 1400);
   assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(state, off, 1400).label, 'LIVE DATA OFF');
 });
@@ -58,9 +139,19 @@ import {
 } from './loadingFeedback.js';
 
 test('universal status notices reuse the standard failure dwell', () => {
-  const notice = createGlobalStatusNotice('Shared satellite is unavailable', 1000);
-  assert.equal(notice.hideAt, null, 'finite dwell waits until first presentation');
-  assert.equal(presentGlobalStatusNotice(notice, 1001).label, 'Shared satellite is unavailable');
+  const notice = createGlobalStatusNotice(
+    'Shared satellite is unavailable',
+    1000,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    notice.hideAt,
+    null,
+    'finite dwell waits until first presentation',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    presentGlobalStatusNotice(notice, 1001).label,
+    'Shared satellite is unavailable',
+  );
   assert.equal(notice.hideAt, 1001 + LOADING_FAILURE_DWELL_MS);
   assert.deepEqual(presentGlobalStatusNotice(notice, notice.hideAt - 1), {
     state: 'error',
@@ -86,10 +177,16 @@ test('acquiring notices persist without a dwell until explicitly cleared', () =>
 
 test('deferred terminal notices lose ownership to newer acquisition epochs and disposal', () => {
   assert.equal(canPresentDeferredStatusNotice(4, 4, false), true);
-  assert.equal(canPresentDeferredStatusNotice(4, 5, false), false,
-    'a newer ACQUIRING epoch blocks the older deferred failure');
-  assert.equal(canPresentDeferredStatusNotice(5, 5, true), false,
-    'disposal blocks even the current deferred notice');
+  assert.equal(
+    canPresentDeferredStatusNotice(4, 5, false),
+    false,
+    'a newer ACQUIRING epoch blocks the older deferred failure',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    canPresentDeferredStatusNotice(5, 5, true),
+    false,
+    'disposal blocks even the current deferred notice',
+  );
 });
 
 test('share-follow failures use the universal top-center status instead of the bottom toast', () => {
@@ -97,15 +194,22 @@ test('share-follow failures use the universal top-center status instead of the b
   const present = shellMethod('_presentAfterStartupCover').toString();
   assert.match(
     handler,
-    /this\.initialRestorePromise\.then\(\(\) =>\s*this\._presentAfterStartupCover\(message, noticeGeneration\),?\s*\)/,
+    /this\.initialRestorePromise\.then\(\(\) =>\s*this\._presentAfterStartupCover\(notice, noticeGeneration\),?\s*\)/,
   );
-  assert.match(present, /this\.showStatus\(message\)/);
+  assert.match(present, /this\.showStatus\(notice\.message\)/);
+  assert.match(present, /state: 'last-known'/);
   assert.match(present, /this\._lifetime\.frame\(\(\) => \{/);
-  assert.match(present, /this\._lifetime\.listen\(\s*startupCover,\s*'transitionend',\s*showOnce,\s*\{ once: true \},?\s*\)/);
-  assert.match(present, /fallbackTimer = this\._lifetime\.timeout\(showOnce, 1000\)/);
+  assert.match(
+    present,
+    /this\._lifetime\.listen\(\s*startupCover,\s*'transitionend',\s*showOnce,\s*\{ once: true \},?\s*\)/,
+  );
+  assert.match(
+    present,
+    /fallbackTimer = this\._lifetime\.timeout\(showOnce, 1000\)/,
+  );
   assert.match(present, /canPresentDeferredStatusNotice\(/);
   for (const source of [handler, present]) {
-    assert.doesNotMatch(source, /this\._showToast\(message\)/);
+    assert.doesNotMatch(source, /this\._showToast\(/);
     assert.doesNotMatch(source, /pushCockpitSignal/);
   }
   assert.match(handler, /result\.classification === 'pending'/);
@@ -118,51 +222,94 @@ test('share-follow failures use the universal top-center status instead of the b
 });
 
 test('universal notice masks active loading only for its own fixed dwell', () => {
-  const summary = aggregateLayerLoading([{ id: 'satellites', name: 'Satellites', lifecycleState: 'enabling' }]);
+  const summary = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    { id: 'satellites', name: 'Satellites', lifecycleState: 'enabling' },
+  ]);
   let loading = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), summary, 0);
   loading = reduceLoadingFeedback(loading, summary, 200);
-  const notice = createGlobalStatusNotice('Shared satellite is unavailable', 300);
+  const notice = createGlobalStatusNotice(
+    'Shared satellite is unavailable',
+    300,
+  );
 
-  assert.equal(presentGlobalLoadingStatus(notice, loading, summary, 301).label, 'Shared satellite is unavailable');
-  assert.equal(presentGlobalLoadingStatus(notice, loading, summary, notice.hideAt).label, 'LOADING LIVE DATA');
+  assert.equal(
+    presentGlobalLoadingStatus(notice, loading, summary, 301).label,
+    'Shared satellite is unavailable',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    presentGlobalLoadingStatus(notice, loading, summary, notice.hideAt).label,
+    'LOADING LIVE DATA',
+  );
 });
 
 test('terminal failure preempts a finite notice, whose full dwell starts afterward', () => {
-  const active = aggregateLayerLoading([{ id: 'satellites', name: 'Satellites', lifecycleState: 'enabling' }]);
+  const active = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    { id: 'satellites', name: 'Satellites', lifecycleState: 'enabling' },
+  ]);
   let loading = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), active, 0);
   loading = reduceLoadingFeedback(loading, active, 200);
   loading = reduceLoadingFeedback(loading, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 300, {
-    type: 'visibility-failed', layerId: 'satellites', error: new Error('offline'),
+    type: 'visibility-failed',
+    layerId: 'satellites',
+    error: new Error('offline'),
   });
-  const notice = createGlobalStatusNotice('Shared satellite is unavailable', 400);
+  const notice = createGlobalStatusNotice(
+    'Shared satellite is unavailable',
+    400,
+  );
 
   assert.equal(
-    presentGlobalLoadingStatus(notice, loading, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 401).label,
+    presentGlobalLoadingStatus(notice, loading, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 401)
+      .label,
     'LOAD FAILED',
   );
-  assert.equal(notice.hideAt, null, 'masked finite notice has not started its dwell');
+  assert.equal(
+    notice.hideAt,
+    null,
+    'masked finite notice has not started its dwell',
+  );
   loading = reduceLoadingFeedback(loading, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 5300);
   assert.equal(
-    presentGlobalLoadingStatus(notice, loading, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 5300).label,
+    presentGlobalLoadingStatus(notice, loading, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 5300)
+      .label,
     'Shared satellite is unavailable',
   );
   assert.equal(notice.hideAt, 5300 + LOADING_FAILURE_DWELL_MS);
   assert.equal(
-    presentGlobalLoadingStatus(notice, loading, aggregateLayerLoading([]), notice.hideAt - 1).label,
+    presentGlobalLoadingStatus(
+      notice,
+      loading,
+      aggregateLayerLoading([]),
+      notice.hideAt - 1,
+    ).label,
     'Shared satellite is unavailable',
   );
-  assert.equal(presentGlobalLoadingStatus(notice, loading, aggregateLayerLoading([]), notice.hideAt), null);
+  assert.equal(
+    presentGlobalLoadingStatus(
+      notice,
+      loading,
+      aggregateLayerLoading([]),
+      notice.hideAt,
+    ),
+    null,
+  );
 });
 
 test('persistent acquisition never hides an unrelated manager failure', () => {
-  const active = aggregateLayerLoading([{
-    id: 'traffic', name: 'Street Traffic', lifecycleState: 'enabling',
-  }]);
+  const active = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    {
+      id: 'traffic',
+      name: 'Street Traffic',
+      lifecycleState: 'enabling',
+    },
+  ]);
   const idle = aggregateLayerLoading([]);
   let loading = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), active, 0);
   loading = reduceLoadingFeedback(loading, active, 200);
   loading = reduceLoadingFeedback(loading, idle, 300, {
-    type: 'visibility-failed', layerId: 'traffic', error: new Error('offline'),
+    type: 'visibility-failed',
+    layerId: 'traffic',
+    error: new Error('offline'),
   });
   const acquiring = createGlobalStatusNotice('ACQUIRING', 100, {
     state: 'acquiring',
@@ -176,71 +323,155 @@ test('persistent acquisition never hides an unrelated manager failure', () => {
     detail: '',
   });
   assert.equal(
-    presentGlobalLoadingStatus(acquiring, loading, idle, 300 + LOADING_FAILURE_DWELL_MS - 1).label,
+    presentGlobalLoadingStatus(
+      acquiring,
+      loading,
+      idle,
+      300 + LOADING_FAILURE_DWELL_MS - 1,
+    ).label,
     'LOAD FAILED',
   );
-  loading = reduceLoadingFeedback(loading, idle, 300 + LOADING_FAILURE_DWELL_MS);
+  loading = reduceLoadingFeedback(
+    loading,
+    idle,
+    300 + LOADING_FAILURE_DWELL_MS,
+  );
   assert.equal(
-    presentGlobalLoadingStatus(acquiring, loading, idle, 300 + LOADING_FAILURE_DWELL_MS).label,
+    presentGlobalLoadingStatus(
+      acquiring,
+      loading,
+      idle,
+      300 + LOADING_FAILURE_DWELL_MS,
+    ).label,
     'ACQUIRING',
     'the still-owned acquisition resumes only after the full failure dwell is visible',
   );
 });
 
 test('replacement, repetition, and hidden-tab elapsed time use the newest fixed deadline', () => {
-  const first = createGlobalStatusNotice('Shared satellite is unavailable', 100);
-  const repeated = createGlobalStatusNotice('Shared satellite is unavailable', 200);
-  const replacement = createGlobalStatusNotice('Shared satellite follow expired', 300);
+  const first = createGlobalStatusNotice(
+    'Shared satellite is unavailable',
+    100,
+  );
+  const repeated = createGlobalStatusNotice(
+    'Shared satellite is unavailable',
+    200,
+  );
+  const replacement = createGlobalStatusNotice(
+    'Shared satellite follow expired',
+    300,
+  );
 
   presentGlobalStatusNotice(first, 100);
   presentGlobalStatusNotice(repeated, 200);
   presentGlobalStatusNotice(replacement, 300);
 
-  assert.ok(repeated.hideAt > first.hideAt, 'a repeated event is a new accessible notice epoch');
-  assert.equal(presentGlobalStatusNotice(replacement, replacement.hideAt - 1).label, 'Shared satellite follow expired');
-  assert.equal(presentGlobalStatusNotice(replacement, replacement.hideAt), null,
-    'elapsed wall time while hidden expires the notice instead of replaying it');
+  assert.ok(
+    repeated.hideAt > first.hideAt,
+    'a repeated event is a new accessible notice epoch',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    presentGlobalStatusNotice(replacement, replacement.hideAt - 1).label,
+    'Shared satellite follow expired',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    presentGlobalStatusNotice(replacement, replacement.hideAt),
+    null,
+    'elapsed wall time while hidden expires the notice instead of replaying it',
+  );
 });
 
 test('universal notice lifecycle clears on dispose and uses the one top-center live region', async () => {
   const ui = readShellSource();
-  const html = await renderApplicationHtml(readFileSync(new URL('../index.html', import.meta.url), 'utf8'));
+  const html = await renderApplicationHtml(
+    readFileSync(new URL('../index.html', import.meta.url), 'utf8'),
+  );
   const disposeStart = ui.indexOf('  async dispose() {');
   const disposeEnd = ui.indexOf('\n  }\n', disposeStart);
   const dispose = ui.slice(disposeStart, disposeEnd);
 
   assert.match(dispose, /this\._feedback\.clearLoadingStatus\(\);/);
   assert.match(dispose, /this\._shareRestoration\.destroy\(\)/);
-  assert.match(ShareRestoration.prototype.destroy.toString(), /this\._shareTrackingNoticeGeneration \+= 1;/);
-  assert.match(html, /<div id="global-loading-status" role="status" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" hidden>/);
+  assert.match(
+    ShareRestoration.prototype.destroy.toString(),
+    /this\._shareTrackingNoticeGeneration \+= 1;/,
+  );
+  assert.match(
+    html,
+    /<div id="global-loading-status" role="status" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" hidden>/,
+  );
 });
 
 test('normalizes lifecycle and refresh loading without owning manager state', () => {
-  assert.equal(normalizeLayerLoading({ lifecycleState: 'enabling' }).loading, true);
-  assert.equal(normalizeLayerLoading({ lifecycleState: 'disabling' }).disabling, true);
-  assert.equal(normalizeLayerLoading({ enabled: true, stats: { loading: true, count: 8 } }).refresh, true);
-  assert.equal(normalizeLayerLoading({ enabled: true, stats: { refreshing: true } }).refresh, true);
+  assert.equal(
+    normalizeLayerLoading({ lifecycleState: 'enabling' }).loading,
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    normalizeLayerLoading({ lifecycleState: 'disabling' }).disabling,
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    normalizeLayerLoading({ enabled: true, stats: { loading: true, count: 8 } })
+      .refresh,
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    normalizeLayerLoading({ enabled: true, stats: { refreshing: true } })
+      .refresh,
+    true,
+  );
   assert.match(
-    normalizeLayerLoading({ stats: { managerRefreshError: 'refresh failed' } }).error,
+    normalizeLayerLoading({ stats: { managerRefreshError: 'refresh failed' } })
+      .error,
     /refresh failed/,
   );
 });
 
 test('delays initial loading so instant operations never flash', () => {
-  const summary = aggregateLayerLoading([{ id: 'a', name: 'A', lifecycleState: 'enabling' }]);
-  const pending = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), summary, 100);
+  const summary = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    { id: 'a', name: 'A', lifecycleState: 'enabling' },
+  ]);
+  const pending = reduceLoadingFeedback(
+    createLoadingFeedbackState(),
+    summary,
+    100,
+  );
   assert.equal(pending.visible, false);
-  const finished = reduceLoadingFeedback(pending, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 150);
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(finished, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 150), null);
+  const finished = reduceLoadingFeedback(
+    pending,
+    aggregateLayerLoading([]),
+    150,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(finished, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 150),
+    null,
+  );
 });
 
 test('reveals sustained loading and then a bounded completion state', () => {
-  const summary = aggregateLayerLoading([{ id: 'a', name: 'A', lifecycleState: 'enabling' }]);
-  const pending = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), summary, 100);
+  const summary = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    { id: 'a', name: 'A', lifecycleState: 'enabling' },
+  ]);
+  const pending = reduceLoadingFeedback(
+    createLoadingFeedbackState(),
+    summary,
+    100,
+  );
   const visible = reduceLoadingFeedback(pending, summary, 300);
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(visible, summary, 300).label, 'LOADING LIVE DATA');
-  const complete = reduceLoadingFeedback(visible, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 350);
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(complete, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 350).label, 'LOAD COMPLETE');
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(visible, summary, 300).label,
+    'LOADING LIVE DATA',
+  );
+  const complete = reduceLoadingFeedback(
+    visible,
+    aggregateLayerLoading([]),
+    350,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(complete, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 350).label,
+    'LOAD COMPLETE',
+  );
 });
 
 test('terminal loading feedback centers its label without an empty detail slot', () => {
@@ -256,100 +487,162 @@ test('terminal loading feedback centers its label without an empty detail slot',
 });
 
 test('distinguishes accepted-data refresh from initial loading', () => {
-  const summary = aggregateLayerLoading([{
-    id: 'a', name: 'A', enabled: true, lifecycleState: 'enabled', stats: { loading: true, count: 4 },
-  }]);
+  const summary = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    {
+      id: 'a',
+      name: 'A',
+      enabled: true,
+      lifecycleState: 'enabled',
+      stats: { loading: true, count: 4 },
+    },
+  ]);
   assert.equal(summary.refresh, true);
 });
 
 test('surfaces cancellation and failure terminal states', () => {
-  const summary = aggregateLayerLoading([{ id: 'a', lifecycleState: 'enabling' }]);
-  const pending = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), summary, 0);
+  const summary = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    { id: 'a', lifecycleState: 'enabling' },
+  ]);
+  const pending = reduceLoadingFeedback(
+    createLoadingFeedbackState(),
+    summary,
+    0,
+  );
   const visible = reduceLoadingFeedback(pending, summary, 200);
-  assert.equal(reduceLoadingFeedback(visible, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 250, {
-    type: 'visibility-cancelled', layerId: 'a', cancelled: true,
-  }).terminal, 'cancelled');
-  assert.equal(reduceLoadingFeedback(visible, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 250, {
-    type: 'visibility-failed', layerId: 'a', error: new Error('no'),
-  }).terminal, 'error');
+  assert.equal(
+    reduceLoadingFeedback(visible, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 250, {
+      type: 'visibility-cancelled',
+      layerId: 'a',
+      cancelled: true,
+    }).terminal,
+    'cancelled',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    reduceLoadingFeedback(visible, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 250, {
+      type: 'visibility-failed',
+      layerId: 'a',
+      error: new Error('no'),
+    }).terminal,
+    'error',
+  );
 });
 
 test('surfaces manager-owned refresh failure and recovery through the shared banner', () => {
-  const refreshing = aggregateLayerLoading([{
-    id: 'satellites',
-    name: 'Satellites',
-    enabled: true,
-    lifecycleState: 'enabled',
-    stats: { refreshing: true, count: 0, lastUpdate: null },
-  }]);
-  let state = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), refreshing, 0, {
-    type: 'refresh-transition', layerId: 'satellites', refreshEpoch: 1,
-  });
+  const refreshing = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    {
+      id: 'satellites',
+      name: 'Satellites',
+      enabled: true,
+      lifecycleState: 'enabled',
+      stats: { refreshing: true, count: 0, lastUpdate: null },
+    },
+  ]);
+  let state = reduceLoadingFeedback(
+    createLoadingFeedbackState(),
+    refreshing,
+    0,
+    {
+      type: 'refresh-transition',
+      layerId: 'satellites',
+      refreshEpoch: 1,
+    },
+  );
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, refreshing, 200);
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(state, refreshing, 200).label, 'REFRESHING LIVE DATA');
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(state, refreshing, 200).label,
+    'REFRESHING LIVE DATA',
+  );
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 250, {
-    type: 'refresh-failed', layerId: 'satellites', error: new Error('offline'), refreshEpoch: 1,
+    type: 'refresh-failed',
+    layerId: 'satellites',
+    error: new Error('offline'),
+    refreshEpoch: 1,
   });
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(state, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 250).label, 'LOAD FAILED');
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(state, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 250).label,
+    'LOAD FAILED',
+  );
 
   const recovered = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, refreshing, 6000, {
-    type: 'refresh-transition', layerId: 'satellites', refreshEpoch: 2,
-  });
-  const complete = reduceLoadingFeedback(recovered, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 6200, {
-    type: 'refresh', layerId: 'satellites', refreshEpoch: 2,
+    type: 'refresh-transition',
+    layerId: 'satellites',
+    refreshEpoch: 2,
   });
+  const complete = reduceLoadingFeedback(
+    recovered,
+    aggregateLayerLoading([]),
+    6200,
+    {
+      type: 'refresh',
+      layerId: 'satellites',
+      refreshEpoch: 2,
+    },
+  );
   assert.equal(complete.terminal, 'complete');
 });
 
 test('AIS first-connect grace expiry reports failure even without a terminal manager event', () => {
-  const waiting = aggregateLayerLoading([{
-    id: 'ais-live-vessels',
-    name: 'AIS Vessels',
-    enabled: true,
-    lifecycleState: 'enabled',
-    stats: { loading: true, count: 0, lastUpdate: null },
-  }]);
+  const waiting = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    {
+      id: 'ais-live-vessels',
+      name: 'AIS Vessels',
+      enabled: true,
+      lifecycleState: 'enabled',
+      stats: { loading: true, count: 0, lastUpdate: null },
+    },
+  ]);
   let state = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), waiting, 0);
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, waiting, 200);
 
-  const unavailable = aggregateLayerLoading([{
-    id: 'ais-live-vessels',
-    name: 'AIS Vessels',
-    enabled: true,
-    lifecycleState: 'enabled',
-    stats: {
-      loading: false,
-      count: 0,
-      lastUpdate: null,
-      status: 'unavailable',
-      error: 'awaiting first AIS message…',
+  const unavailable = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    {
+      id: 'ais-live-vessels',
+      name: 'AIS Vessels',
+      enabled: true,
+      lifecycleState: 'enabled',
+      stats: {
+        loading: false,
+        count: 0,
+        lastUpdate: null,
+        status: 'unavailable',
+        error: 'awaiting first AIS message…',
+      },
     },
-  }]);
+  ]);
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, unavailable, 300);
 
   assert.equal(state.terminal, 'error');
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(state, unavailable, 300).label, 'LOAD FAILED');
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(state, unavailable, 300).label,
+    'LOAD FAILED',
+  );
 });
 
 test('participant stats failure outranks a simultaneous visibility completion', () => {
-  const enabling = aggregateLayerLoading([{
-    id: 'ais-live-vessels',
-    name: 'AIS Vessels',
-    lifecycleState: 'enabling',
-    stats: { loading: true },
-  }]);
+  const enabling = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    {
+      id: 'ais-live-vessels',
+      name: 'AIS Vessels',
+      lifecycleState: 'enabling',
+      stats: { loading: true },
+    },
+  ]);
   let state = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), enabling, 0);
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, enabling, 200);
 
-  const missingKey = aggregateLayerLoading([{
-    id: 'ais-live-vessels',
-    name: 'AIS Vessels',
-    enabled: true,
-    lifecycleState: 'enabled',
-    stats: { loading: false, keyRequired: true },
-  }]);
+  const missingKey = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    {
+      id: 'ais-live-vessels',
+      name: 'AIS Vessels',
+      enabled: true,
+      lifecycleState: 'enabled',
+      stats: { loading: false, keyRequired: true },
+    },
+  ]);
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, missingKey, 250, {
-    type: 'visibility', layerId: 'ais-live-vessels', enabled: true,
+    type: 'visibility',
+    layerId: 'ais-live-vessels',
+    enabled: true,
   });
 
   assert.equal(state.terminal, 'error');
@@ -364,22 +657,31 @@ test('retains the worst terminal outcome until every concurrent load drains', ()
     { id: 'b', name: 'B', lifecycleState: 'enabling' },
   ]);
   let state = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), both, 0, {
-    type: 'visibility-transition', layerId: 'a',
+    type: 'visibility-transition',
+    layerId: 'a',
   });
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, both, 200, {
-    type: 'visibility-transition', layerId: 'b',
+    type: 'visibility-transition',
+    layerId: 'b',
   });
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, onlyB, 250, {
-    type: 'visibility-failed', layerId: 'a', error: new Error('A failed'),
+    type: 'visibility-failed',
+    layerId: 'a',
+    error: new Error('A failed'),
   });
   assert.deepEqual(state.activeIds, ['a', 'b']);
   assert.equal(state.batchOutcome, 'error');
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, onlyB, 300);
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 350, {
-    type: 'visibility', layerId: 'b', enabled: true,
+    type: 'visibility',
+    layerId: 'b',
+    enabled: true,
   });
   assert.equal(state.terminal, 'error');
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(state, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 350).label, 'LOAD FAILED');
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(state, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 350).label,
+    'LOAD FAILED',
+  );
 });
 
 test('retains cancellation across overlapping success and resets it for a later epoch', () => {
@@ -387,37 +689,54 @@ test('retains cancellation across overlapping success and resets it for a later
     { id: 'a', name: 'A', lifecycleState: 'enabling' },
     { id: 'b', name: 'B', lifecycleState: 'enabling' },
   ]);
-  const onlyB = aggregateLayerLoading([{ id: 'b', name: 'B', lifecycleState: 'enabling' }]);
+  const onlyB = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    { id: 'b', name: 'B', lifecycleState: 'enabling' },
+  ]);
   let state = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), both, 0);
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, onlyB, 200, {
-    type: 'visibility-cancelled', layerId: 'a', cancelled: true,
+    type: 'visibility-cancelled',
+    layerId: 'a',
+    cancelled: true,
   });
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 250, {
-    type: 'visibility', layerId: 'b', enabled: true,
+    type: 'visibility',
+    layerId: 'b',
+    enabled: true,
   });
   assert.equal(state.terminal, 'cancelled');
 
-  const next = aggregateLayerLoading([{ id: 'c', name: 'C', lifecycleState: 'enabling' }]);
+  const next = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    { id: 'c', name: 'C', lifecycleState: 'enabling' },
+  ]);
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, next, 300, {
-    type: 'visibility-transition', layerId: 'c',
+    type: 'visibility-transition',
+    layerId: 'c',
   });
   assert.equal(state.batchOutcome, null);
   assert.deepEqual(state.activeIds, ['c']);
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 500, {
-    type: 'visibility', layerId: 'c', enabled: true,
+    type: 'visibility',
+    layerId: 'c',
+    enabled: true,
   });
   assert.equal(state.terminal, 'complete');
 });
 
 test('ignores terminal events from layers outside the active loading epoch', () => {
-  const active = aggregateLayerLoading([{ id: 'a', name: 'A', lifecycleState: 'enabling' }]);
+  const active = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    { id: 'a', name: 'A', lifecycleState: 'enabling' },
+  ]);
   let state = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), active, 0);
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, active, 200, {
-    type: 'visibility-failed', layerId: 'unrelated', error: new Error('not this batch'),
+    type: 'visibility-failed',
+    layerId: 'unrelated',
+    error: new Error('not this batch'),
   });
   assert.equal(state.batchOutcome, null);
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 250, {
-    type: 'visibility', layerId: 'a', enabled: true,
+    type: 'visibility',
+    layerId: 'a',
+    enabled: true,
   });
   assert.equal(state.terminal, 'complete');
 });
@@ -427,26 +746,51 @@ test('a final failure outranks an earlier success in the same loading epoch', ()
     { id: 'a', lifecycleState: 'enabling' },
     { id: 'b', lifecycleState: 'enabling' },
   ]);
-  const onlyB = aggregateLayerLoading([{ id: 'b', lifecycleState: 'enabling' }]);
+  const onlyB = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    { id: 'b', lifecycleState: 'enabling' },
+  ]);
   let state = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), both, 0);
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, onlyB, 200, {
-    type: 'visibility', layerId: 'a', enabled: true,
+    type: 'visibility',
+    layerId: 'a',
+    enabled: true,
   });
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 250, {
-    type: 'visibility-failed', layerId: 'b', error: new Error('B failed'),
+    type: 'visibility-failed',
+    layerId: 'b',
+    error: new Error('B failed'),
   });
   assert.equal(state.terminal, 'error');
 });
 
 test('describes disable work without reporting it as a completed load', () => {
-  const summary = aggregateLayerLoading([{
-    id: 'a', name: 'A', enabled: true, lifecycleState: 'disabling',
-  }]);
-  const pending = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), summary, 0);
+  const summary = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    {
+      id: 'a',
+      name: 'A',
+      enabled: true,
+      lifecycleState: 'disabling',
+    },
+  ]);
+  const pending = reduceLoadingFeedback(
+    createLoadingFeedbackState(),
+    summary,
+    0,
+  );
   const visible = reduceLoadingFeedback(pending, summary, 200);
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(visible, summary, 200).label, 'TURNING OFF LIVE DATA');
-  const complete = reduceLoadingFeedback(visible, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 250);
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(complete, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 250).label, 'LIVE DATA OFF');
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(visible, summary, 200).label,
+    'TURNING OFF LIVE DATA',
+  );
+  const complete = reduceLoadingFeedback(
+    visible,
+    aggregateLayerLoading([]),
+    250,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(complete, aggregateLayerLoading([]), 250).label,
+    'LIVE DATA OFF',
+  );
 });
 
 test('a flow failure landing after the roads settle still ends the batch as LOAD FAILED', () => {
@@ -454,17 +798,38 @@ test('a flow failure landing after the roads settle still ends the batch as LOAD
   // that started it. The layer keeps stats.loading true while it still owns
   // that request, so the batch cannot close early and report LOAD COMPLETE
   // over a failure that has not landed yet.
-  const sample = (stats) => aggregateLayerLoading([
-    { id: 'traffic', name: 'Street Traffic', enabled: true, lifecycleState: 'enabled', stats },
-  ]);
+  const sample = (stats) =>
+    aggregateLayerLoading([
+      {
+        id: 'traffic',
+        name: 'Street Traffic',
+        enabled: true,
+        lifecycleState: 'enabled',
+        stats,
+      },
+    ]);
   // Roads loading; flow request outstanding.
-  const roadsLoading = sample({ loading: true, count: 0, mode: 'live', error: null });
-  let state = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), roadsLoading, 0);
+  const roadsLoading = sample({
+    loading: true,
+    count: 0,
+    mode: 'live',
+    error: null,
+  });
+  let state = reduceLoadingFeedback(
+    createLoadingFeedbackState(),
+    roadsLoading,
+    0,
+  );
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, roadsLoading, 200);
   assert.equal(state.visible, true);
   // Cached roads have painted, but the flow fetch has NOT settled: the layer
   // still reports loading, so the batch stays open.
-  const flowStillPending = sample({ loading: true, count: 544, mode: 'live', error: null });
+  const flowStillPending = sample({
+    loading: true,
+    count: 544,
+    mode: 'live',
+    error: null,
+  });
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, flowStillPending, 400);
   assert.equal(state.phase, 'loading');
   // Flow fails late.
@@ -487,9 +852,14 @@ test('keeps cold idle traffic hidden even with a truthful zero-coverage label',
   let state = createTrafficSyncFeedbackState();
   const sample = {
     enabled: true,
-    stats: { loading: false, loadingLabel: 'LIVE · TomTom flow · 0% cov', flowCoveragePct: 0 },
+    stats: {
+      loading: false,
+      loadingLabel: 'LIVE · TomTom flow · 0% cov',
+      flowCoveragePct: 0,
+    },
   };
-  for (const now of [0, 220, 440, 2200]) state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(state, sample, now);
+  for (const now of [0, 220, 440, 2200])
+    state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(state, sample, now);
   assert.equal(state.visible, false);
   assert.equal(state.busy, false);
 });
@@ -503,8 +873,15 @@ test('shows traffic busy work and one fixed busy-to-idle confirmation', () => {
     enabled: true,
     stats: { loading: false, loadingLabel: 'LIVE · TomTom flow · 0% cov' },
   };
-  let state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(createTrafficSyncFeedbackState(), busySample, 100);
-  assert.deepEqual({ visible: state.visible, progress: state.progressText }, { visible: true, progress: '...' });
+  let state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(
+    createTrafficSyncFeedbackState(),
+    busySample,
+    100,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    { visible: state.visible, progress: state.progressText },
+    { visible: true, progress: '...' },
+  );
   state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(state, busySample, 320);
   state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(state, idleSample, 500);
   const fixedDeadline = state.confirmationUntil;
@@ -527,7 +904,10 @@ test('the settled traffic chip shows exactly one percentage — the coverage it
   };
   let state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(
     createTrafficSyncFeedbackState(),
-    { enabled: true, stats: { loading: true, loadingLabel: 'syncing LIVE traffic flow' } },
+    {
+      enabled: true,
+      stats: { loading: true, loadingLabel: 'syncing LIVE traffic flow' },
+    },
     0,
   );
   state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(state, idleSample, 100);
@@ -535,7 +915,11 @@ test('the settled traffic chip shows exactly one percentage — the coverage it
   assert.equal(state.label, 'LIVE · TomTom flow · 0% cov');
   assert.equal(state.progressText, '');
   const rendered = `${state.label} ${state.progressText}`.trim();
-  assert.equal(rendered.match(/\d+%/g).length, 1, 'the settled chip must carry one percentage');
+  assert.equal(
+    rendered.match(/\d+%/g).length,
+    1,
+    'the settled chip must carry one percentage',
+  );
   assert.doesNotMatch(rendered, /100%/);
 });
 
@@ -549,22 +933,40 @@ test('an emptied progress slot collapses rather than leaving a min-width stub',
 test('work still in flight keeps its progress number beside a label that has none', () => {
   const state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(
     createTrafficSyncFeedbackState(),
-    { enabled: true, stats: { phaseLabel: 'warming roads', phaseProgressPct: 42 } },
+    {
+      enabled: true,
+      stats: { phaseLabel: 'warming roads', phaseProgressPct: 42 },
+    },
     0,
   );
   assert.deepEqual(
     { busy: state.busy, label: state.label, progress: state.progressText },
     { busy: true, label: 'warming roads', progress: '42%' },
   );
-  assert.doesNotMatch(state.label, /%/, 'a busy label must not carry its own percentage');
+  assert.doesNotMatch(
+    state.label,
+    /%/,
+    'a busy label must not carry its own percentage',
+  );
 });
 
 test('resets traffic feedback on disable and permits a later fresh cycle', () => {
   const busy = { enabled: true, stats: { loading: true } };
-  const idle = { enabled: true, stats: { loading: false, loadingLabel: 'simulated traffic' } };
-  let state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(createTrafficSyncFeedbackState(), busy, 0);
+  const idle = {
+    enabled: true,
+    stats: { loading: false, loadingLabel: 'simulated traffic' },
+  };
+  let state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(
+    createTrafficSyncFeedbackState(),
+    busy,
+    0,
+  );
   state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(state, idle, 100);
-  state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(state, { enabled: false, stats: {}, forceShow: true }, 200);
+  state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(
+    state,
+    { enabled: false, stats: {}, forceShow: true },
+    200,
+  );
   assert.deepEqual(state, createTrafficSyncFeedbackState());
   state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(state, idle, 300);
   assert.equal(state.visible, false);
@@ -577,41 +979,66 @@ test('new busy work replaces confirmation and force-show remains bounded', () =>
   const idle = { enabled: true, stats: { loadingLabel: 'simulated traffic' } };
   const busy = {
     enabled: true,
-    stats: { phaseProgressPct: -20, prewarmQueueDepth: 1, phaseLabel: 'warming roads' },
+    stats: {
+      phaseProgressPct: -20,
+      prewarmQueueDepth: 1,
+      phaseLabel: 'warming roads',
+    },
   };
-  let state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(createTrafficSyncFeedbackState(), idle, 0);
+  let state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(
+    createTrafficSyncFeedbackState(),
+    idle,
+    0,
+  );
   state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(state, { ...idle, forceShow: true }, 100);
   const forcedDeadline = state.confirmationUntil;
   state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(state, { ...idle, forceShow: true }, 300);
   assert.equal(state.confirmationUntil, forcedDeadline);
   state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(state, busy, 400);
-  assert.deepEqual({ busy: state.busy, progress: state.progressText }, { busy: true, progress: '0%' });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    { busy: state.busy, progress: state.progressText },
+    { busy: true, progress: '0%' },
+  );
   state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(state, idle, 500);
   assert.equal(state.confirmationUntil, 500 + TRAFFIC_SYNC_CONFIRM_MS);
-  state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(state, idle, 500 + TRAFFIC_SYNC_CONFIRM_MS + 1);
+  state = reduceTrafficSyncFeedback(
+    state,
+    idle,
+    500 + TRAFFIC_SYNC_CONFIRM_MS + 1,
+  );
   assert.equal(state.visible, false);
 });
 
 test('aggregates Mapped Installations refresh beside CCTV without changing either owner', () => {
   const summary = aggregateLayerLoading([
     {
-      id: 'cctv', name: 'CCTV', enabled: true, lifecycleState: 'enabled',
+      id: 'cctv',
+      name: 'CCTV',
+      enabled: true,
+      lifecycleState: 'enabled',
       stats: { count: 500, lastUpdate: 10, loading: true },
     },
     {
-      id: 'military-installations', name: 'Mapped Installations', enabled: true,
+      id: 'military-installations',
+      name: 'Mapped Installations',
+      enabled: true,
       lifecycleState: 'enabled',
       stats: { count: 4, lastUpdate: 20, loading: true },
     },
   ]);
   assert.deepEqual(summary.activeIds, ['cctv', 'military-installations']);
   assert.equal(summary.refresh, true);
-  const pending = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), summary, 0);
-  const visible = reduceLoadingFeedback(pending, summary, 200);
-  assert.deepEqual(
-    presentLoadingFeedback(visible, summary, 200),
-    { state: 'refresh', label: 'REFRESHING LIVE DATA', detail: 'CCTV · Mapped Installations' },
+  const pending = reduceLoadingFeedback(
+    createLoadingFeedbackState(),
+    summary,
+    0,
   );
+  const visible = reduceLoadingFeedback(pending, summary, 200);
+  assert.deepEqual(presentLoadingFeedback(visible, summary, 200), {
+    state: 'refresh',
+    label: 'REFRESHING LIVE DATA',
+    detail: 'CCTV · Mapped Installations',
+  });
 });
 
 // The reducer above is pure and fully covered; its DRIVER lives inside the
@@ -619,13 +1046,19 @@ test('aggregates Mapped Installations refresh beside CCTV without changing eithe
 // stack layout contract — the ticker's lifecycle is pinned against ui.js
 // source. (perf rebase 2026-08-17)
 test('the loading ticker never runs hidden and stops after loading and notices settle', () => {
-  const ui = readFileSync(new URL('./ui/shellFeedback.js', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
+  const ui = readFileSync(
+    new URL('./ui/shellFeedback.js', import.meta.url),
+    'utf8',
+  );
   // Scope every assertion to _armLoadingFeedbackTicker's own body. The
   // neighbouring _startTrafficChipTicker is a deliberately PERMANENT 500ms
   // safety-net poll, so its `if (document.hidden) return;` is correct there
   // and must not be confused with this self-stopping ticker's leak.
   const armBody = ui.slice(ui.indexOf('_armLoadingFeedbackTicker() {'));
-  assert.ok(armBody.startsWith('_armLoadingFeedbackTicker() {'), 'ticker function not found in the UI shell source');
+  assert.ok(
+    armBody.startsWith('_armLoadingFeedbackTicker() {'),
+    'ticker function not found in the UI shell source',
+  );
   const arm = armBody.slice(0, armBody.indexOf('\n  }\n') + 5);
 
   // 1. The ARM guard itself refuses while hidden. Previously the only hidden
@@ -686,54 +1119,113 @@ test('the loading ticker never runs hidden and stops after loading and notices s
 });
 
 test('a guidance status such as zoom-in never counts as a participant failure', () => {
-  const zoomIn = { id: 'military-installations', name: 'Mapped Installations', enabled: true,
-    stats: { status: 'zoom-in', error: 'Zoom in to load mapped installation context', loading: true, count: 0 } };
+  const zoomIn = {
+    id: 'military-installations',
+    name: 'Mapped Installations',
+    enabled: true,
+    stats: {
+      status: 'zoom-in',
+      error: 'Zoom in to load mapped installation context',
+      loading: true,
+      count: 0,
+    },
+  };
   const loading = aggregateLayerLoading([zoomIn]);
   assert.equal(loading.records[0].error, null);
   assert.equal(loading.records[0].degraded, false);
-  let state = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), loading, 1000);
+  let state = reduceLoadingFeedback(
+    createLoadingFeedbackState(),
+    loading,
+    1000,
+  );
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, loading, 1200);
-  const settled = aggregateLayerLoading([{ ...zoomIn, stats: { ...zoomIn.stats, loading: false } }]);
+  const settled = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    { ...zoomIn, stats: { ...zoomIn.stats, loading: false } },
+  ]);
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, settled, 1500);
   assert.equal(state.terminal, 'complete');
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(state, settled, 1500).label, 'MAPPED SITES LOADED');
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(state, settled, 1500).label,
+    'MAPPED SITES LOADED',
+  );
 });
 
-
 test('guidance does not suppress independent manager and feed failures', () => {
   for (const field of ['lastError', 'managerRefreshError']) {
     const record = normalizeLayerLoading({
-      id: 'militaryInstallations', enabled: true,
-      stats: { status: 'zoom-in', error: 'Zoom in to load mapped sites.', [field]: 'Network unavailable' },
+      id: 'militaryInstallations',
+      enabled: true,
+      stats: {
+        status: 'zoom-in',
+        error: 'Zoom in to load mapped sites.',
+        [field]: 'Network unavailable',
+      },
     });
     assert.equal(record.error, 'Network unavailable');
   }
 });
 
 test('ALPR retries show a countdown, preserve other failures, and clear when disabled', () => {
-  const camera = { ...retrySite({ error: 'Overpass rate-limited' }), id: 'alpr-cameras', name: 'ALPR cameras' };
+  const camera = {
+    ...retrySite({ error: 'Overpass rate-limited' }),
+    id: 'alpr-cameras',
+    name: 'ALPR cameras',
+  };
   const summary = aggregateLayerLoading([camera]);
   const view = presentLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), summary, 0);
   assert.equal(view.state, 'retry');
   assert.equal(view.label, 'OVERPASS RATE-LIMITED');
   assert.match(view.detail, /ALPR cameras · retrying in 30s/);
-  const failed = { visible: true, phase: 'terminal', terminal: 'error', activeIds: ['alpr-cameras', 'flights'] };
-  const otherFailure = aggregateLayerLoading([camera, { id: 'flights', enabled: true, stats: { error: 'Failed' } }]);
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(failed, otherFailure, 0).label, 'LOAD FAILED');
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback({ ...failed, failedEventIds: ['flights'] }, summary, 0).label, 'LOAD FAILED');
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), aggregateLayerLoading([{ ...camera, enabled: false }]), 0), null);
+  const failed = {
+    visible: true,
+    phase: 'terminal',
+    terminal: 'error',
+    activeIds: ['alpr-cameras', 'flights'],
+  };
+  const otherFailure = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    camera,
+    { id: 'flights', enabled: true, stats: { error: 'Failed' } },
+  ]);
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(failed, otherFailure, 0).label,
+    'LOAD FAILED',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(
+      { ...failed, failedEventIds: ['flights'] },
+      summary,
+      0,
+    ).label,
+    'LOAD FAILED',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(
+      createLoadingFeedbackState(),
+      aggregateLayerLoading([{ ...camera, enabled: false }]),
+      0,
+    ),
+    null,
+  );
 });
 
 test('ALPR retry success does not inherit its prior error, including turning the layer off', () => {
-  const camera = stats => ({ id: 'alpr-cameras', enabled: true, stats });
-  const loading = aggregateLayerLoading([camera({ status: 'loading', loading: true, retrying: true })]);
+  const camera = (stats) => ({ id: 'alpr-cameras', enabled: true, stats });
+  const loading = aggregateLayerLoading([
+    camera({ status: 'loading', loading: true, retrying: true }),
+  ]);
   let state = reduceLoadingFeedback(createLoadingFeedbackState(), loading, 0);
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, loading, 200);
-  assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(state, loading, 200).label, 'RETRYING ALPR CAMERAS');
+  assert.equal(
+    presentLoadingFeedback(state, loading, 200).label,
+    'RETRYING ALPR CAMERAS',
+  );
   const done = aggregateLayerLoading([camera({ status: 'ready', count: 3 })]);
   state = reduceLoadingFeedback(state, done, 300);
   assert.equal(presentLoadingFeedback(state, done, 300).label, 'LOAD COMPLETE');
-  const stopping = normalizeLayerLoading({ ...camera({ status: 'unavailable', error: 'Old failure' }), lifecycleState: 'disabling' });
+  const stopping = normalizeLayerLoading({
+    ...camera({ status: 'unavailable', error: 'Old failure' }),
+    lifecycleState: 'disabling',
+  });
   assert.equal(stopping.error, null);
   assert.equal(stopping.unavailable, false);
 });
diff --git a/src/share/follow.js b/src/share/follow.js
index e24fc003b..bc36c655b 100644
--- a/src/share/follow.js
+++ b/src/share/follow.js
@@ -59,6 +59,12 @@ export const SHARE_VIEW_FOLLOW_OFFSET_DEFAULT = Object.freeze({
   pitch: -35,
 });
 
+/**
+ * The follow range a thing view can carry, in whole metres: 1 to this (the
+ * codec clamps to the same bound).
+ */
+export const SHARE_VIEW_FOLLOW_RANGE_MAX_M = 1e8;
+
 const EARTH_RADIUS_M = 6_371_000;
 const RAD = Math.PI / 180;
 
@@ -114,6 +120,27 @@ function enuBasis(lat, lon) {
 
 const dot = (a, b) => a[0] * b[0] + a[1] * b[1] + a[2] * b[2];
 
+/**
+ * The follow offset that puts the camera at `camera` (lat, lon, alt) while
+ * following an entity at `fix`: the inverse of {@link followCameraFor}, on
+ * the same sphere, in whole metres and degrees. Null when the camera is not
+ * above the entity's local horizontal (a view from below it, or through the
+ * earth, has no follow offset), or is at the entity.
+ */
+export function followOffsetFor(fix, camera) {
+  const at = toEcef(fix.lat, fix.lon, fix.alt);
+  const from = toEcef(camera.lat, camera.lon, camera.alt);
+  const basis = enuBasis(fix.lat, fix.lon);
+  const delta = [0, 1, 2].map((i) => from[i] - at[i]);
+  const local = {
+    east: dot(delta, basis.east),
+    north: dot(delta, basis.north),
+    up: dot(delta, basis.up),
+  };
+  if (!(local.up > 0)) return null;
+  return followOffsetFromEnu(local);
+}
+
 /**
  * Where the camera sits while following an entity at `fix` from `offset`,
  * and how it looks back at the entity, on a sphere of radius 6 371 000 m. A
diff --git a/src/share/viewCodec.js b/src/share/viewCodec.js
index e908bce31..f491e209e 100644
--- a/src/share/viewCodec.js
+++ b/src/share/viewCodec.js
@@ -62,7 +62,9 @@ import {
 export {
   SHARE_VIEW_ENTITY_KINDS,
   SHARE_VIEW_FOLLOW_OFFSET_DEFAULT,
+  SHARE_VIEW_FOLLOW_RANGE_MAX_M,
   followCameraFor,
+  followOffsetFor,
   followOffsetFromEnu,
   followOffsetToEnu,
 } from './follow.js';
@@ -387,8 +389,9 @@ const fieldNumber = (key) => FIELD_BY_KEY.get(key).number;
 
 /**
  * Fields inside the thing message (top-level field 13). Permanent. Fields 1–4
- * are the entity ids, one per SHARE_VIEW_ENTITY_KINDS code; exactly one is
- * present. The follow offset and the last-known fix are flat fields here, not
+ * are the entity ids, one per SHARE_VIEW_ENTITY_KINDS code, and field 13 is a
+ * vessel id that is a UUID, as its 16 bytes; exactly one of them is present.
+ * The follow offset and the last-known fix are flat fields here, not
  * sub-messages, to save their tag and length bytes.
  */
 export const SHARE_VIEW_THING_FIELDS = Object.freeze({
@@ -400,8 +403,17 @@ export const SHARE_VIEW_THING_FIELDS = Object.freeze({
   alt: 10, // sint metres, its last-known altitude
   ageS: 11, // sint, seconds the fix predates the created-at time (field 8)
   observedAt: 12, // epoch, when the fix was taken; only without a created-at
+  vesselUuid: 13, // LEN, 16 bytes: a vessel id that is a UUID
 });
 
+/**
+ * A vessel id that is a UUID, as a source's stable id may be: lowercase,
+ * dashed. It travels as its 16 bytes (thing field 13), not as text.
+ */
+export const SHARE_VIEW_UUID_GRAMMAR =
+  /^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$/;
+const UUID_BYTES = 16;
+
 /** The default of a field or flag for a view in `style`. */
 function defaultOf(entry, style) {
   if (entry.default !== BY_STYLE) return entry.default;
@@ -490,7 +502,10 @@ function normalizeEntityId(entry, value) {
       : typeof value === 'string'
         ? value.trim().toLowerCase()
         : null;
-  if (raw === null || !TRACKING_ID_GRAMMAR.test(raw)) return null;
+  if (raw === null) return null;
+  // A vessel's source may key it by a UUID, longer than the id grammar.
+  if (entry.kind === 'vessel' && SHARE_VIEW_UUID_GRAMMAR.test(raw)) return raw;
+  if (!TRACKING_ID_GRAMMAR.test(raw)) return null;
   if (entry.kind === 'satellite' && !/^[1-9]\d{0,14}$/.test(raw)) return null;
   return raw;
 }
@@ -795,6 +810,31 @@ const REGISTRY_BY_TOKEN = new Map(
 const charNumber = (char) => LAYER_STATE_TOKEN_ALPHABET.indexOf(char);
 const CANONICAL_INTEGER = /^(0|-?[1-9]\d{0,14})$/;
 
+/** The 16 bytes of a UUID in SHARE_VIEW_UUID_GRAMMAR. */
+function uuidBytes(id) {
+  const hex = id.replaceAll('-', '');
+  return Array.from({ length: UUID_BYTES }, (_, i) =>
+    Number.parseInt(hex.slice(i * 2, i * 2 + 2), 16),
+  );
+}
+
+/** The lowercase dashed UUID that `bytes` spell. */
+function uuidText(bytes) {
+  const hex = Array.from(bytes, (byte) =>
+    byte.toString(16).padStart(2, '0'),
+  ).join('');
+  return [
+    hex.slice(0, 8),
+    hex.slice(8, 12),
+    hex.slice(12, 16),
+    hex.slice(16, 20),
+    hex.slice(20),
+  ].join('-');
+}
+
+const isVesselUuid = (entry, id) =>
+  entry.kind === 'vessel' && SHARE_VIEW_UUID_GRAMMAR.test(id);
+
 function writeEntityId(writer, entry, id) {
   const field = entry.code;
   if (entry.idForm === 'hex24' && /^[0-9a-f]{6}$/.test(id))
@@ -895,7 +935,8 @@ function encodeThing(writer, view, state) {
   const f = SHARE_VIEW_THING_FIELDS;
   const d = SHARE_VIEW_FOLLOW_OFFSET_DEFAULT;
   const thing = new WireWriter();
-  writeEntityId(thing, entry, view.entity.id);
+  const uuid = isVesselUuid(entry, view.entity.id);
+  if (!uuid) writeEntityId(thing, entry, view.entity.id);
   const { range, heading, pitch } = view.offset;
   if (range !== d.range) thing.uintField(f.range, range);
   if (heading !== d.heading) thing.sintField(f.heading, signedAngle(heading));
@@ -914,6 +955,8 @@ function encodeThing(writer, view, state) {
     } else if (observed !== null)
       thing.sintField(f.observedAt, epochSeconds(observed));
   }
+  // Fields go in ascending order, so the UUID id (field 13) comes last.
+  if (uuid) thing.bytesField(f.vesselUuid, uuidBytes(view.entity.id));
   writer.bytesField(fieldNumber('thing'), thing.finish());
 }
 
@@ -1063,7 +1106,9 @@ const TOP_LEVEL_WIRE_TYPES = new Map(
 const THING_WIRE_TYPES = new Map([
   ...SHARE_VIEW_ENTITY_KINDS.map((e) => [e.code, [WIRE_VARINT, WIRE_LEN]]),
   ...Object.values(SHARE_VIEW_THING_FIELDS).map((n) => [n, [WIRE_VARINT]]),
+  [SHARE_VIEW_THING_FIELDS.vesselUuid, [WIRE_LEN]],
 ]);
+const VESSEL_ENTRY = SHARE_VIEW_ENTITY_KINDS.find((e) => e.kind === 'vessel');
 
 const unz = unzigzag;
 const CLOSED_ENUMS = new Set(['detectionMode', 'detectionAllocation']);
@@ -1258,8 +1303,18 @@ function decodeThing(reader, createdAtS, unknown) {
     ? followCameraFor(lastKnown, normalizeFollowOffset(offset))
     : null;
   const present = SHARE_VIEW_ENTITY_KINDS.filter((e) => fields.has(e.code));
-  if (present.length > 1)
+  const uuid = fields.get(F.vesselUuid);
+  if (present.length + (uuid ? 1 : 0) > 1)
     throw new ShareWireError('duplicate-field', 'thing entity id');
+  if (uuid) {
+    const bytes = uuid.len.rest();
+    if (bytes.length !== UUID_BYTES)
+      throw new ShareWireError('bad-length', 'thing vessel id');
+    return {
+      camera,
+      view: thingView(VESSEL_ENTRY.kind, uuidText(bytes), offset, lastKnown),
+    };
+  }
   const entry = present[0];
   if (!entry) {
     // A newer app's entity kind uses a thing field this decoder skipped.
diff --git a/src/share/viewCodec.test.mjs b/src/share/viewCodec.test.mjs
index f9fd81d38..8e663fce9 100644
--- a/src/share/viewCodec.test.mjs
+++ b/src/share/viewCodec.test.mjs
@@ -43,14 +43,17 @@ import {
   BY_STYLE,
   SHARE_VIEW_FLAGS,
   SHARE_VIEW_FOLLOW_OFFSET_DEFAULT,
+  SHARE_VIEW_FOLLOW_RANGE_MAX_M,
   SHARE_VIEW_STYLE_DEFAULTS,
   SHARE_VIEW_LAYER_OPTION_ABSENT,
   SHARE_VIEW_PANELS,
   SHARE_VIEW_STYLE_PARAMS,
+  SHARE_VIEW_THING_FIELDS,
   createDefaultShareViewState,
   decodeShareView,
   encodeShareView,
   followCameraFor,
+  followOffsetFor,
   followOffsetFromEnu,
   followOffsetToEnu,
   layerTokenFromNumber,
@@ -149,6 +152,7 @@ function randomState(random) {
               String(int(100000000, 999999999)),
               '002442000',
               'tmp-7',
+              '0770e3ca-b896-c307-f499-4f9df2b8f86b',
             ])
           : pick(random, [
               int(0, 0xffffff).toString(16).padStart(6, '0'),
@@ -1359,3 +1363,211 @@ test('the world time is written only away from live, and may lie ahead', () => {
       encodeShareView({ sharedAtMs: NOW_MS }).length,
   );
 });
+
+/* ---------------- vessel ids that are UUIDs ---------------- */
+
+const VESSEL_UUID = '0770e3ca-b896-c307-f499-4f9df2b8f86b';
+const VESSEL_FIX = {
+  lat: 51.9301,
+  lon: 4.0512,
+  alt: 47,
+  observedAtMs: NOW_MS - 30_000,
+};
+const VESSEL_OFFSET = { range: 3200, heading: 20, pitch: -30 };
+const vesselView = (id, extra = {}) => ({
+  view: {
+    kind: 'thing',
+    entity: { kind: 'vessel', id },
+    offset: VESSEL_OFFSET,
+    lastKnown: VESSEL_FIX,
+  },
+  sharedAtMs: NOW_MS,
+  ...extra,
+});
+
+/** A thing message's bytes, wrapped as a whole payload's code. */
+function thingCode(write) {
+  const thing = new WireWriter();
+  write(thing);
+  const writer = new WireWriter();
+  writer.bytes.push(1);
+  writer.bytesField(13, thing.finish());
+  return hashOf(writer.finish());
+}
+
+test('a vessel id that is a UUID travels as its 16 bytes and round-trips', () => {
+  assert.equal(SHARE_VIEW_THING_FIELDS.vesselUuid, 13);
+  const code = assertRoundTrip(vesselView(VESSEL_UUID));
+  const { state } = decodeOk(code);
+  assert.deepEqual(state.view.entity, { kind: 'vessel', id: VESSEL_UUID });
+  // Upper case is the same id: the decoder gives it back lowercase.
+  assert.equal(
+    decodeOk(encodeShareView(vesselView(VESSEL_UUID.toUpperCase()))).state.view
+      .entity.id,
+    VESSEL_UUID,
+  );
+  // 16 bytes and a two-byte tag and length, not 36 characters of text.
+  const aircraft = encodeShareView({
+    ...vesselView('a1b2c3'),
+    view: {
+      ...vesselView('a1b2c3').view,
+      entity: { kind: 'aircraft', id: 'a1b2c3' },
+    },
+  });
+  assert.equal(aircraft.length, 44);
+  assert.equal(code.length, 62);
+  assert.equal(
+    payloadBytes(code).length - payloadBytes(aircraft).length,
+    18 - 5,
+    'the id costs 18 bytes where an ICAO address costs 5',
+  );
+  // The id field comes last, after the fix, in ascending order.
+  const bytes = payloadBytes(code);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [...bytes.slice(-18)],
+    [
+      0x6a,
+      16,
+      ...VESSEL_UUID.replaceAll('-', '')
+        .match(/../g)
+        .map((h) => parseInt(h, 16)),
+    ],
+  );
+  // A UUID form is only a vessel's: other kinds keep the id grammar.
+  for (const kind of ['aircraft', 'military_aircraft', 'satellite'])
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      normalizeShareViewState({
+        view: { kind: 'thing', entity: { kind, id: VESSEL_UUID } },
+      }).view,
+      { kind: 'place' },
+    );
+  // Near-UUIDs are not UUIDs, and are longer than the id grammar allows.
+  for (const id of [VESSEL_UUID.replaceAll('-', '') + '0', `${VESSEL_UUID}0`])
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      normalizeShareViewState({
+        view: { kind: 'thing', entity: { kind: 'vessel', id } },
+      }).view,
+      { kind: 'place' },
+    );
+});
+
+test('MMSI and short text vessel ids, and links made before UUIDs, are unchanged', () => {
+  // Codes written before vessel ids could be UUIDs.
+  const before = {
+    'AUCAn8wYahkYoPH_rgEogBkwKDg7QIqyP0iA-QRQXlg8Ag': '366999712',
+    AUCAn8wYah4aCTAwMjQ0MjAwMCiAGTAoODtAirI_SID5BFBeWDyl: '002442000',
+  };
+  for (const [code, id] of Object.entries(before)) {
+    assert.equal(encodeShareView(vesselView(id)), code);
+    const { state } = decodeOk(code);
+    assert.deepEqual(state.view, {
+      kind: 'thing',
+      entity: { kind: 'vessel', id },
+      offset: VESSEL_OFFSET,
+      lastKnown: VESSEL_FIX,
+    });
+  }
+  // A camera-only vessel view with a short text id, as before.
+  const tmp = 'ARCgnAEYwLgCagcaBXRtcC03GQ';
+  assert.equal(
+    encodeShareView({
+      lat: 1,
+      lon: 2,
+      view: { kind: 'thing', entity: { kind: 'vessel', id: 'tmp-7' } },
+    }),
+    tmp,
+  );
+  assert.equal(decodeOk(tmp).state.view.entity.id, 'tmp-7');
+});
+
+test('a UUID vessel id with another id, or of the wrong length, is malformed', () => {
+  const uuid = VESSEL_UUID.replaceAll('-', '')
+    .match(/../g)
+    .map((h) => parseInt(h, 16));
+  const reason = (code) => decodeShareView(code, { nowMs: NOW_MS }).reason;
+  // Two entity ids: the UUID and an MMSI, or an aircraft's address.
+  assert.equal(
+    reason(thingCode((t) => t.uintField(3, 366999712).bytesField(13, uuid))),
+    'duplicate-field',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    reason(thingCode((t) => t.uintField(1, 0xa1b2c3).bytesField(13, uuid))),
+    'duplicate-field',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    reason(thingCode((t) => t.bytesField(13, uuid).bytesField(13, uuid))),
+    'duplicate-field',
+  );
+  for (const bytes of [uuid.slice(0, 15), [...uuid, 0], []])
+    assert.equal(
+      reason(thingCode((t) => t.bytesField(13, bytes))),
+      'bad-length',
+    );
+  // The field is LEN only.
+  assert.equal(
+    reason(thingCode((t) => t.uintField(13, 5))),
+    'wire-type-mismatch',
+  );
+  // The 16 bytes alone are a vessel; any bytes spell a UUID.
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    decodeOk(thingCode((t) => t.bytesField(13, new Array(16).fill(0xff)))).state
+      .view.entity,
+    { kind: 'vessel', id: 'ffffffff-ffff-ffff-ffff-ffffffffffff' },
+  );
+});
+
+test('a decoder that predates UUID vessel ids opens the view at its derived camera', () => {
+  // Such a decoder skips thing field 13 as it skips any unknown field: the
+  // same payload with the id under a field this decoder does not know.
+  const bytes = [...payloadBytes(encodeShareView(vesselView(VESSEL_UUID)))];
+  const at = bytes.length - 18;
+  assert.equal(bytes[at], 0x6a);
+  bytes[at] = 0xf2; // field 30, LEN
+  bytes.splice(at + 1, 0, 0x01);
+  // The thing message grew by a byte: its own length too.
+  const thingLength = bytes.indexOf(0x6a) + 1;
+  bytes[thingLength] += 1;
+  const result = decodeOk(hashOf(bytes));
+  assert.equal(result.fallback, 'unknown-entity-kind');
+  assert.deepEqual(result.state.view, { kind: 'place' });
+  const camera = followCameraFor(VESSEL_FIX, VESSEL_OFFSET);
+  assert.equal(result.state.lat, Math.round(camera.lat * 1e4) / 1e4);
+  assert.equal(result.state.lon, Math.round(camera.lon * 1e4) / 1e4);
+});
+
+test('the follow offset for a camera is the inverse of followCameraFor', () => {
+  const fix = { lat: 51.9301, lon: 4.0512, alt: 47 };
+  for (const offset of [
+    { range: 3200, heading: 20, pitch: -30 },
+    { range: 250, heading: 300, pitch: -5 },
+    { range: 80_000, heading: 135, pitch: -70 },
+    { range: 2_000_000, heading: 0, pitch: -89 },
+  ])
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      followOffsetFor(fix, followCameraFor(fix, offset)),
+      offset,
+    );
+  // The codec carries ranges up to the bound a subject is checked against.
+  const far = {
+    range: SHARE_VIEW_FOLLOW_RANGE_MAX_M + 5,
+    heading: 0,
+    pitch: -35,
+  };
+  assert.equal(
+    normalizeShareViewState({
+      view: { kind: 'thing', entity: { kind: 'vessel', id: '1' }, offset: far },
+    }).view.offset.range,
+    SHARE_VIEW_FOLLOW_RANGE_MAX_M,
+  );
+  // A camera below the entity's horizontal, or at it, has no offset.
+  assert.equal(
+    followOffsetFor(fix, { lat: 51.95, lon: 4.0512, alt: 40 }),
+    null,
+  );
+  assert.equal(followOffsetFor(fix, fix), null);
+  // Far round the curve of the earth at low height: below its horizon.
+  assert.equal(
+    followOffsetFor(fix, { lat: 53.9, lon: 4.0512, alt: 1000 }),
+    null,
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/sources/live/contract.js b/src/sources/live/contract.js
index b9f69a970..c40d23b0f 100644
--- a/src/sources/live/contract.js
+++ b/src/sources/live/contract.js
@@ -8,6 +8,11 @@
  * getTrack(reference, { signal }). References are opaque to consumers.
  * Snapshots describe coverage and completeness independently of freshness.
  * Records contain observation data only, with no scene objects or transport data.
+ * Every record has a stable `id` (a non-empty string) that keys it across
+ * snapshots. A vessel record's `id` is whatever its source gives, such as a
+ * provider id; its `mmsi` is an optional attribute ('' or absent when
+ * unknown), never its key, since vessels can share an MMSI. A source that
+ * only has MMSIs uses the MMSI as the id.
  *
  * A source may also declare a timeline (see readSnapshotTimeline): it can
  * answer a snapshot at a given time, so the layer follows the world clock.
@@ -155,8 +160,9 @@ export function httpError(response, source) {
  * malformed: `{ coverage(), stepMs, subscribe? }`. `coverage()` returns the
  * span `{start, end}` (epoch ms) the source can answer a snapshot for, or
  * null while it does not know yet; `stepMs` is the spacing of its snapshots;
- * the optional `subscribe(listener)` tells of a change in coverage and
- * returns the unsubscribe.
+ * the optional `subscribe(listener)` tells of a change in coverage, or of a
+ * better answer for a time already answered (a paused layer then loads the
+ * time shown again), and returns the unsubscribe.
  * @param {object|null|undefined} source
  * @returns {{coverage: () => ({start: number, end: number}|null),
  *   stepMs: number, subscribe: ((listener: () => void) => () => void)|null}|null}
diff --git a/src/sources/live/contract.test.mjs b/src/sources/live/contract.test.mjs
index 5a1976465..0fe9ae913 100644
--- a/src/sources/live/contract.test.mjs
+++ b/src/sources/live/contract.test.mjs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   openSkySnapshot,
   readsbSnapshot,
   readSnapshotTimeline,
+  vesselSnapshot,
 } from './index.js';
 
 const now = 1800000000000;
@@ -196,6 +197,7 @@ test('vessel identity, opaque reference and heading/course remain distinct, unkn
     'opaque-reference',
   );
   assert.equal(row.id, '123456789');
+  assert.equal(row.mmsi, '123456789');
   assert.equal(row.reference, 'opaque-reference');
   assert.equal(row.headingDeg, 45);
   assert.equal(row.courseDeg, 60);
@@ -525,3 +527,62 @@ test('a source declares a timeline only with a coverage reader and a positive st
   stop();
   assert.equal(listeners.length, 0);
 });
+
+test('vessel snapshots key rows by the id idFor gives; the MMSI is an attribute', () => {
+  const at = { lat: 30, lon: -97 };
+  const rows = [
+    { uuid: 'hull-a', mmsi: '123456789', ...at },
+    { uuid: 'hull-b', mmsi: '123456789', ...at },
+    { uuid: 'hull-c', mmsi: 'not-an-mmsi', ...at },
+    { uuid: 'hull-a', mmsi: '123456789', ...at },
+  ];
+  const keyed = vesselSnapshot(
+    { rows },
+    { idFor: (row) => row.uuid || row.mmsi },
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    keyed.records.map(({ id, mmsi, reference }) => [id, mmsi, reference]),
+    [
+      ['hull-a', '123456789', 'hull-a'],
+      ['hull-b', '123456789', 'hull-b'],
+      ['hull-c', '', 'hull-c'],
+    ],
+  );
+  assert.equal(keyed.rejectedCount, 1, 'a repeated id is one vessel');
+
+  // AISStream rows have only MMSIs: one MMSI is one vessel, as before.
+  const ais = vesselSnapshot({ rows });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    ais.records.map(({ id, mmsi, reference }) => [id, mmsi, reference]),
+    [
+      ['123456789', '123456789', '123456789'],
+      ['not-an-mmsi', '', 'not-an-mmsi'],
+    ],
+  );
+  const referenced = vesselSnapshot(
+    { rows: rows.slice(0, 1) },
+    { idFor: (row) => row.uuid, referenceFor: (row) => `track:${row.uuid}` },
+  );
+  assert.equal(referenced.records[0].reference, 'track:hull-a');
+});
+
+test('a vessel with no name is not named by its id; a ten-digit MMSI is an MMSI', () => {
+  const at = { lat: 30, lon: -97 };
+  const [unnamed, longMmsi, named] = vesselSnapshot(
+    {
+      rows: [
+        { uuid: 'f00dcafe-0000-0000-0000-000000000001', ...at },
+        { uuid: 'hull-x', mmsi: '1234567890', ...at },
+        { uuid: 'hull-y', mmsi: '244123456', name: 'EVER GIVEN', ...at },
+      ],
+    },
+    { idFor: (row) => row.uuid },
+  ).records;
+  assert.equal(unnamed.name, '');
+  assert.equal(unnamed.mmsi, '');
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [longMmsi.mmsi, longMmsi.name],
+    ['1234567890', '1234567890'],
+  );
+  assert.equal(named.name, 'EVER GIVEN');
+});
diff --git a/src/sources/live/vessels.js b/src/sources/live/vessels.js
index affdcce7a..366ef2beb 100644
--- a/src/sources/live/vessels.js
+++ b/src/sources/live/vessels.js
@@ -1,18 +1,41 @@
 import { coordinates, epoch, finite, LiveSourceError } from './contract.js';
 
-/** AIS positions are sea-surface observations; heading and course are distinct. */
-export function normalizeVesselObservation(row, reference = null) {
-  const id = String(row?.mmsi || row?.input_identifier || '').trim();
+/** An MMSI is up to ten digits (AIS carries it in 30 bits); anything else a
+ * row names it is not one. */
+const MMSI_PATTERN = /^\d{1,10}$/;
+
+/** The row's MMSI when it carries one that looks like an MMSI, else ''. */
+function vesselMmsi(row) {
+  const text = String(row?.mmsi ?? '').trim();
+  return MMSI_PATTERN.test(text) ? text : '';
+}
+
+/** A row's stable id when its source names none: its MMSI or identifier. */
+function defaultVesselId(row) {
+  return String(row?.mmsi || row?.input_identifier || '');
+}
+
+/**
+ * AIS positions are sea-surface observations; heading and course are distinct.
+ * `id` is the vessel's key; an MMSI is not one (vessels share numbers and a
+ * number can move to another hull), so `mmsi` is an attribute, '' when the
+ * row has none. A row with no id of its own is keyed by its MMSI.
+ */
+export function normalizeVesselObservation(row, reference = null, id = null) {
+  const key = String(id ?? defaultVesselId(row)).trim();
   const latitude = finite(row?.lat),
     longitude = finite(row?.lon);
-  if (!id || !coordinates(latitude, longitude)) return null;
+  if (!key || !coordinates(latitude, longitude)) return null;
+  const mmsi = vesselMmsi(row);
   const speedKts = finite(row.speed);
   return {
-    id,
-    reference: reference ?? id,
+    id: key,
+    mmsi,
+    reference: reference ?? key,
     latitude,
     longitude,
-    name: String(row.name || row.input_name || id),
+    // A source's own id is not a name: a vessel with none is unnamed.
+    name: String(row.name || row.input_name || mmsi || defaultVesselId(row)),
     imo: String(row.imo || ''),
     type: String(row.type_specific || row.type || ''),
     destination: String(row.destination || ''),
@@ -26,12 +49,21 @@ export function normalizeVesselObservation(row, reference = null) {
   };
 }
 
+/**
+ * A vessel snapshot from a `{ rows }` payload. `idFor(row)` gives a row's
+ * stable id (its MMSI or identifier by default); rows are deduped by that id,
+ * so two vessels sharing an MMSI stay two vessels. A source whose rows carry
+ * an id of their own passes it, such as `idFor: (row) => row.uuid || row.mmsi`.
+ * `referenceFor(row)` gives the reference its track is asked for by; the id
+ * by default.
+ */
 export function vesselSnapshot(
   payload,
   {
     source = 'AISStream',
     coverage = 'received AIS positions',
-    referenceFor = (row) => String(row.mmsi || row.input_identifier || ''),
+    idFor = defaultVesselId,
+    referenceFor = null,
   } = {},
 ) {
   if (!Array.isArray(payload?.rows))
@@ -40,8 +72,13 @@ export function vesselSnapshot(
   const records = [],
     ids = new Set();
   for (const row of rows) {
-    const record = normalizeVesselObservation(row);
-    if (record) record.reference = referenceFor(row);
+    const record = normalizeVesselObservation(
+      row,
+      null,
+      row && typeof row === 'object' ? idFor(row) : null,
+    );
+    // A row's track is asked for by its id unless the source says otherwise.
+    if (record && referenceFor) record.reference = referenceFor(row);
     if (record && !ids.has(record.id)) {
       records.push(record);
       ids.add(record.id);
diff --git a/src/time/snapshotTimeline.js b/src/time/snapshotTimeline.js
index ade31392c..f270e49e7 100644
--- a/src/time/snapshotTimeline.js
+++ b/src/time/snapshotTimeline.js
@@ -279,6 +279,13 @@ export function createSnapshotTimeline({
     } else keepUp(timeMs, state);
   }
 
+  /** Load the time shown afresh. */
+  function reloadShown() {
+    if (!started || clock.isLive()) return;
+    failedUntil = -Infinity;
+    jumpTo(clock.getState().timeMs);
+  }
+
   return {
     /** The source's timeline while the layer follows the clock, else null. */
     get timeline() {
@@ -304,16 +311,17 @@ export function createSnapshotTimeline({
         clock.register({ id, coverage: () => span() }),
         clock.subscribe(follow),
       ];
-      const unsubscribe = timeline.subscribe?.(() => clock.coverageChanged());
+      // A source tells of new coverage, or of a better answer for times it
+      // has answered; paused, a time already shown is loaded again.
+      const unsubscribe = timeline.subscribe?.(() => {
+        clock.coverageChanged();
+        if (!clock.isPlaying() && lead !== null && !inflight) reloadShown();
+      });
       if (typeof unsubscribe === 'function') releases.push(unsubscribe);
       follow(clock.getState());
     },
     /** Load the time shown afresh, as when the area the layer asks for moved. */
-    reload() {
-      if (!started || clock.isLive()) return;
-      failedUntil = -Infinity;
-      jumpTo(clock.getState().timeMs);
-    },
+    reload: () => reloadShown(),
     /** The layer is off: stop following and drop what loads. */
     stop() {
       if (!started) return;
diff --git a/src/time/snapshotTimeline.test.mjs b/src/time/snapshotTimeline.test.mjs
index c0be59fb8..a9cf52eac 100644
--- a/src/time/snapshotTimeline.test.mjs
+++ b/src/time/snapshotTimeline.test.mjs
@@ -302,3 +302,35 @@ test('a layer never has two loads out: the older is aborted before a newer start
   h.follower.stop();
   assert.equal(live(), 0);
 });
+
+test('a source that tells of a better answer has the paused time loaded again, not a playing one', async () => {
+  const h = harness();
+  h.follower.start();
+  const at = WALL - 600_000;
+  h.clock.seek(at);
+  await flush();
+  await h.answer();
+  const before = loads(h.calls).length;
+  for (const listener of h.coverageListeners) listener();
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(loads(h.calls).length, before + 1);
+  assert.equal(loads(h.calls).at(-1).atMs, at);
+  await h.answer(h.pending.length - 1);
+  h.clock.play();
+  const playing = loads(h.calls).length;
+  for (const listener of h.coverageListeners) listener();
+  await flush();
+  assert.ok(
+    loads(h.calls)
+      .slice(playing)
+      .every((call) => call.atMs !== at),
+    'playing, the time shown is not loaded again',
+  );
+  h.clock.goLive();
+  await flush();
+  const live = loads(h.calls).length;
+  for (const listener of h.coverageListeners) listener();
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(loads(h.calls).length, live, 'live, nothing is loaded');
+  h.follower.stop();
+});
diff --git a/src/tools/queries/maritime.js b/src/tools/queries/maritime.js
index 0e9d80373..aeb90714f 100644
--- a/src/tools/queries/maritime.js
+++ b/src/tools/queries/maritime.js
@@ -28,6 +28,14 @@ const MMSI_SCHEMA = Object.freeze({
   pattern: '^\\d{5,10}$',
   description: 'Maritime Mobile Service Identity, such as "366999712".',
 });
+const VESSEL_ID_SCHEMA = Object.freeze({
+  type: 'string',
+  minLength: 1,
+  maxLength: 128,
+  description:
+    'The vessel id a vessel search returned. Vessels can share an MMSI; ' +
+    'the id names one of them.',
+});
 const MAX_TRACK_POINTS = 200;
 const ALL_VESSELS = 1_000_000;
 
@@ -47,10 +55,13 @@ const vesselDestination = (value) => {
   return destination && /\p{L}/u.test(destination) ? destination : null;
 };
 
+// `id` is the vessel's key; `mmsi` is its MMSI when known (vessels can share
+// one), else null.
 function vesselRow(record, from) {
   const point = { lat: record.latitude, lon: record.longitude };
   return {
-    mmsi: record.id,
+    id: record.id,
+    mmsi: text(record.mmsi),
     name: text(record.name),
     imo: text(record.imo),
     type: vesselType(record.type),
@@ -194,7 +205,7 @@ export const findVessel = defineTool({
     const [key] = given;
     const wanted = args[key].trim().toUpperCase();
     const matches = {
-      mmsi: (record) => record.id === wanted,
+      mmsi: (record) => String(record.mmsi ?? '') === wanted,
       imo: (record) => String(record.imo).replace(/^IMO/i, '') === wanted,
       name: (record) => String(record.name).toUpperCase().includes(wanted),
     }[key];
@@ -227,25 +238,40 @@ export const getVesselTrack = defineTool({
   name: 'get_vessel_track',
   title: 'Vessel track',
   description:
-    'Recent positions of one ship by MMSI, oldest first. Long tracks are ' +
-    `evenly thinned to at most ${MAX_TRACK_POINTS} points.`,
+    'Recent positions of one ship by its vessel id or MMSI, oldest first. ' +
+    `Long tracks are evenly thinned to at most ${MAX_TRACK_POINTS} points.`,
   inputSchema: {
     type: 'object',
-    properties: { mmsi: MMSI_SCHEMA },
-    required: ['mmsi'],
+    properties: { id: VESSEL_ID_SCHEMA, mmsi: MMSI_SCHEMA },
     additionalProperties: false,
   },
   requires: ['vessels'],
   async run(args, { services, signal }) {
-    const track = await services.vessels.getTrack(args.mmsi, { signal });
+    const given = ['id', 'mmsi'].filter((key) => args[key] != null);
+    if (given.length !== 1)
+      throw new ToolError(
+        'invalid_arguments',
+        'Give exactly one of id or mmsi',
+      );
+    const [key] = given;
+    const wanted = String(args[key]).trim();
+    // A track is asked for by the source's reference for the vessel, which
+    // for an id is the reported vessel's; an MMSI is passed as it is.
+    let reference = wanted;
+    if (key === 'id') {
+      const snapshot = await readVessels(services, signal);
+      const record = snapshot.records.find((item) => item.id === wanted);
+      reference = record?.reference ?? wanted;
+    }
+    const track = await services.vessels.getTrack(reference, { signal });
     const points = track.records
       .filter((point) => Number.isFinite(point.observedAtMs))
       .sort((a, b) => a.observedAtMs - b.observedAtMs);
     const kept = thinEvenly(points, MAX_TRACK_POINTS);
     return {
       summary: points.length
-        ? `${countNoun(points.length, 'position')} for ${args.mmsi} from ${isoTime(points[0].observedAtMs)} to ${isoTime(points.at(-1).observedAtMs)}.`
-        : `No recent track is available for ${args.mmsi}.`,
+        ? `${countNoun(points.length, 'position')} for ${wanted} from ${isoTime(points[0].observedAtMs)} to ${isoTime(points.at(-1).observedAtMs)}.`
+        : `No recent track is available for ${wanted}.`,
       data: {
         view: kept.length
           ? suggestView(services, {
@@ -254,7 +280,7 @@ export const getVesselTrack = defineTool({
               altitudeM: 20_000,
             })
           : null,
-        mmsi: args.mmsi,
+        ...(key === 'id' ? { id: wanted } : { mmsi: wanted }),
         total: points.length,
         returned: kept.length,
         thinned: kept.length < points.length,
diff --git a/src/tools/queries/maritime.test.mjs b/src/tools/queries/maritime.test.mjs
index f89e6bce3..fa835b5b7 100644
--- a/src/tools/queries/maritime.test.mjs
+++ b/src/tools/queries/maritime.test.mjs
@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ import { LiveSourceError } from '../../sources/live/contract.js';
 import { createVesselSource } from '../../sources/live/standalone.js';
 import { AISSTREAM_CACHE_MAX } from '../../../server/providers/vessels/ais-store.js';
 
+// An AIS source's vessel: keyed by its MMSI, which it also reports.
 const vessel = (id, latitude, longitude, extra = {}) => ({
   id,
+  mmsi: id,
   reference: id,
   latitude,
   longitude,
@@ -79,6 +81,7 @@ test('vessels in an area are nearest first and filterable by type', async () =>
     ['366999712', '538001234'],
   );
   assert.deepEqual(all.data.rows[0], {
+    id: '366999712',
     mmsi: '366999712',
     name: 'GOLDEN BEAR',
     imo: '9123456',
@@ -164,6 +167,53 @@ test('vessel tracks are ordered and drop untimed positions', async () => {
   );
 });
 
+test('vessels sharing an MMSI are found as two, each by its own id', async () => {
+  const shared = [
+    vessel('hull-a', 37.81, -122.41, { mmsi: '366999712', name: 'A' }),
+    vessel('hull-b', 37.79, -122.42, {
+      mmsi: '366999712',
+      name: 'B',
+      reference: 'track:hull-b',
+    }),
+    vessel('hull-c', 37.8, -122.4, { mmsi: undefined, name: 'C' }),
+  ];
+  const tracks = [];
+  const catalog = composeCatalog({
+    tools: coreTools,
+    services: {
+      vessels: {
+        getSnapshot: async () => ({ records: shared, freshness: 'current' }),
+        getTrack: async (reference) => {
+          tracks.push(reference);
+          return { records: [] };
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const found = await catalog.call('find_vessel', { mmsi: '366999712' });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    found.data.rows.map((row) => [row.id, row.mmsi]),
+    [
+      ['hull-a', '366999712'],
+      ['hull-b', '366999712'],
+    ],
+  );
+  const area = await catalog.call('vessels_in_area', { area: bay });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    area.data.rows.find((row) => row.id === 'hull-c').mmsi,
+    null,
+    'a vessel with no MMSI says so',
+  );
+  const track = await catalog.call('get_vessel_track', { id: 'hull-b' });
+  assert.deepEqual(tracks, ['track:hull-b'], "asked by the vessel's reference");
+  assert.equal(track.data.id, 'hull-b');
+  assert.equal(track.summary, 'No recent track is available for hull-b.');
+  await assert.rejects(
+    catalog.call('get_vessel_track', { id: 'hull-b', mmsi: '366999712' }),
+    /exactly one/,
+  );
+});
+
 test('a missing AIS key surfaces as an unavailable feed', async () => {
   const keyless = {
     getSnapshot: async () => {
diff --git a/src/ui/applicationShell.js b/src/ui/applicationShell.js
index 7bffa4d4d..be253a3c2 100644
--- a/src/ui/applicationShell.js
+++ b/src/ui/applicationShell.js
@@ -472,7 +472,12 @@ export class StyleManager extends ShellFacade {
       initialShareCode,
     });
     this.shareLinkManager.setFollowSubjectProvider(({ nowMs }) =>
-      readShareFollowSubject({ viewer: this.viewer, nowMs }),
+      readShareFollowSubject({
+        viewer: this.viewer,
+        nowMs,
+        readSelectedVessel: () =>
+          this.services.aisLiveVesselsLayer?.getSelectedFix?.() ?? null,
+      }),
     );
     this.shareLinkManager.setPanelStateProvider(() =>
       this._buildSharePanelState(),
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitBridge.test.mjs b/src/ui/cockpitBridge.test.mjs
index 41682217e..b58e53684 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitBridge.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitBridge.test.mjs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { vesselCockpitInfo } from '../layers/vessels/cockpitSubject.js';
 import { VesselRecords } from '../layers/vessels/records.js';
 
 const RECORD = Object.freeze({
+  id: '211000000',
   mmsi: '211000000',
   name: 'NORDIC STAR',
   type: '70',
@@ -65,9 +66,9 @@ function vesselLayer(record) {
       enabled && selected
         ? { ...vesselCockpitInfo(selected), seaSurfaceHeightM: 0 }
         : null,
-    setCockpitSubject(mmsi) {
-      calls.push(['subject', mmsi]);
-      subject = mmsi;
+    setCockpitSubject(id) {
+      calls.push(['subject', id]);
+      subject = id;
       return true;
     },
     // Like the layer, leaves out the ship whose bridge the Cockpit rides.
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ function vesselLayer(record) {
       radarQueries.push({ lat, lon, rangeM, maxCount });
       const own = {
         ...NEIGHBOUR,
-        id: record.mmsi,
+        id: record.id,
         latitude: record.lat,
         longitude: record.lon,
       };
@@ -257,7 +258,7 @@ test('entering the bridge hides the vessel and shows bridge readouts', async (t)
   await settle();
   assert.equal(cockpit.active, true);
   assert.equal(cockpit.subjectKind, 'vessel');
-  assert.deepEqual(vessels.calls, [['subject', RECORD.mmsi]]);
+  assert.deepEqual(vessels.calls, [['subject', RECORD.id]]);
   assert.equal(document.body.classList.contains('cockpit-mode'), true);
 
   assert.equal(
@@ -303,7 +304,7 @@ test('exiting the bridge releases the vessel and returns to its map view', async
   assert.equal(cockpit.active, false);
   assert.equal(cockpit.subjectKind, null);
   assert.deepEqual(vessels.calls, [
-    ['subject', RECORD.mmsi],
+    ['subject', RECORD.id],
     ['subject', null],
     ['focus'],
   ]);
@@ -374,7 +375,7 @@ test('tracking an aircraft from the bridge ends it without refocusing the vessel
   assert.equal(viewer.trackedEntity, aircraft, 'the aircraft keeps tracking');
   assert.equal(aircraft.show, true, 'the aircraft was never adopted');
   assert.deepEqual(vessels.calls, [
-    ['subject', RECORD.mmsi],
+    ['subject', RECORD.id],
     ['subject', null],
   ]);
 });
@@ -1474,7 +1475,7 @@ test('a fix the feed keeps re-serving goes on ageing into a stale feed', async (
       effects,
     );
   poll();
-  const record = records.byMmsi.get(RECORD.mmsi);
+  const record = records.byId.get(RECORD.id);
   const { $, cockpit, shots } = fixture(t, { record });
   cockpit.enter();
   await settle();
@@ -1540,7 +1541,12 @@ test("a ship's double-click memory does not carry over to another ship", async (
   heightSensitiveProjection(viewer);
   cockpit.onScenePointerDown(1000);
   // Within the memory another ship is selected, drawn elsewhere.
-  vessels.select({ ...RECORD, mmsi: '211000009', name: 'OTHER' });
+  vessels.select({
+    ...RECORD,
+    id: '211000009',
+    mmsi: '211000009',
+    name: 'OTHER',
+  });
   heightSensitiveProjection(viewer, { x: 900 });
   assert.equal(cockpit.onSceneDoubleClick({ x: 400, y: 300 }, 1250), false);
   assert.equal(cockpit.active, false);
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js b/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js
index 20c95a3df..e2046d72f 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.js
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ export function maybeRefreshRegionalBrief(info) {
     !Number.isFinite(info.longitude)
   )
     return;
-  const subjectId = `${info.layerId || 'aircraft'}:${info.icao24 || info.mmsi || info.noradId || info.registration || info.callsign || 'unknown'}`;
+  const subjectId = `${info.layerId || 'aircraft'}:${info.icao24 || (info.kind === 'vessel' ? info.id : '') || info.noradId || info.registration || info.callsign || 'unknown'}`;
   if (subjectId !== this.regionalBriefSubjectId) {
     this.regionalBriefAbort?.abort();
     this.regionalBriefAbort = null;
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitCamera.js b/src/ui/cockpitCamera.js
index 33f9a5182..e97b7f232 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitCamera.js
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitCamera.js
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ function vesselSurfaceM(info, nowMs, at = info) {
     : 0;
   const scene = this.viewer.scene;
   let read =
-    this.vesselWaterline?.mmsi === info.mmsi ? this.vesselWaterline : null;
+    this.vesselWaterline?.vesselId === info.id ? this.vesselWaterline : null;
   if (
     typeof scene?.sampleHeightMostDetailed === 'function' &&
     (!read || nowMs - read.sampledMs >= VESSEL_WATERLINE_REFRESH_MS)
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ function vesselSurfaceM(info, nowMs, at = info) {
     );
     if (!read) {
       read = {
-        mmsi: info.mmsi,
+        vesselId: info.id,
         heightM: loadedWaterlineM(scene, probes, seaM),
         sampledMs: nowMs,
         // Whether a full-detail read has answered for this ship.
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ function updateVessel(nowMs) {
     return;
   }
   const info = this.readVesselInfo();
-  if (!info || info.mmsi !== this.subjectId) {
+  if (!info || info.id !== this.subjectId) {
     this.exit({ restoreTracking: false });
     return;
   }
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitController.js b/src/ui/cockpitController.js
index 81b39fabe..f7f236dea 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitController.js
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitController.js
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ export class CockpitViewController {
      */
     this.subjectKind = null;
     /**
-     * The vessel subject's MMSI or the satellite's NORAD id; aircraft are
+     * The vessel subject's id or the satellite's NORAD id; aircraft are
      * identified by trackedEntity.
      */
     this.subjectId = null;
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitCoordinator.js b/src/ui/cockpitCoordinator.js
index ec85d5888..c431a2ef5 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitCoordinator.js
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitCoordinator.js
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ export class CockpitCoordinator {
         : vessel
           ? {
               kind: 'vessel',
-              id: vessel.mmsi,
+              id: vessel.id,
               layerId: vessel.layerId,
               callsign: null,
               name: vessel.name,
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitInput.js b/src/ui/cockpitInput.js
index 89228c393..4ce5d5b63 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitInput.js
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitInput.js
@@ -83,8 +83,10 @@ export function onScenePointerDown(nowMs = performance.now()) {
     return;
   }
   const at = subjectCanvasPosition.call(this);
-  const mmsi = this.readVesselInfo()?.mmsi ?? null;
-  this.doubleClickStart = at ? { x: at.x, y: at.y, atMs: nowMs, mmsi } : null;
+  const vesselId = this.readVesselInfo()?.id ?? null;
+  this.doubleClickStart = at
+    ? { x: at.x, y: at.y, atMs: nowMs, vesselId }
+    : null;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -111,7 +113,7 @@ export function onSceneDoubleClick(position, nowMs = performance.now()) {
       // The memory is the ship's it was taken for: one followed since (an
       // aircraft, another ship) is hit only where it is drawn.
       this.resolveEntryKind() === 'vessel' &&
-      start.mmsi === (this.readVesselInfo()?.mmsi ?? null) &&
+      start.vesselId === (this.readVesselInfo()?.id ?? null) &&
       doubleClickHitsSubject(position, start));
   if (!hit) return false;
   this.enter();
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitTrackingController.js b/src/ui/cockpitTrackingController.js
index 4e5d9bd2f..069441149 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitTrackingController.js
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitTrackingController.js
@@ -65,7 +65,12 @@ export function resolveEntryKind() {
 
 export function dispatchCockpitModeChanged(active, info = null) {
   const subjectId = active
-    ? String(info?.icao24 || info?.mmsi || info?.noradId || '')
+    ? String(
+        info?.icao24 ||
+          (info?.kind === 'vessel' ? info.id : '') ||
+          info?.noradId ||
+          '',
+      )
         .trim()
         .toLowerCase() || null
     : null;
@@ -245,7 +250,7 @@ export function enter({ kind = null } = {}) {
   // Each session reads its own water: never a height left from the last.
   this.vesselWaterline = null;
   this.vesselFix = null;
-  this.subjectId = vessel ? info.mmsi : satellite ? info.noradId : null;
+  this.subjectId = vessel ? info.id : satellite ? info.noradId : null;
   this.trackedEntity = entity;
   if (entity) {
     this.trackedEntityWasShown = entity.show;
@@ -255,7 +260,7 @@ export function enter({ kind = null } = {}) {
     this.services.satellitesLayer?.setCockpitSubject?.(info.noradId);
     this.beginOrbital();
   } else {
-    this.services.aisLiveVesselsLayer?.setCockpitSubject?.(info.mmsi);
+    this.services.aisLiveVesselsLayer?.setCockpitSubject?.(info.id);
   }
   // A ship reporting neither heading nor course keeps the camera's own
   // heading: no direction is made up for it.
diff --git a/src/ui/shareFollow.js b/src/ui/shareFollow.js
index ba5851da6..a18deeaca 100644
--- a/src/ui/shareFollow.js
+++ b/src/ui/shareFollow.js
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
 import { trackedDisplayPositionForCamera } from '../data/trackedCamera.js';
 import {
   SHARE_VIEW_ENTITY_KINDS,
+  SHARE_VIEW_FOLLOW_RANGE_MAX_M,
+  followOffsetFor,
   followOffsetFromEnu,
   followOffsetToEnu,
 } from '../share/follow.js';
@@ -28,17 +30,68 @@ function enuOffset(origin, position) {
   return { east: local.x, north: local.y, up: local.z };
 }
 
+/** Degrees to the share format's 10⁻⁴-degree coordinate precision. */
+const toCoordinate = (radians) =>
+  Math.round(Cesium.Math.toDegrees(radians) * 1e4) / 1e4;
+
 /**
- * The entity the camera follows as `{ kind, id, offset, lastKnown }`, with
- * the camera's offset from it and its displayed position as of `nowMs`; null
- * when the camera follows nothing a share link can name. A selected vessel is
- * not followed (the camera stays where the user puts it), so a link made then
- * keeps its own camera.
+ * The selected vessel as a thing view's subject: its drawn position as the
+ * last-known fix, and the follow offset that puts the derived camera
+ * (followCameraFor) where the camera is now. The offset is computed from the
+ * fix at the format's precision, so the opened link's camera matches this
+ * one to within the offset's whole metres and degrees. Null when the offset
+ * cannot carry the camera (it is not above the vessel's horizon, or its range
+ * is outside 1 m to SHARE_VIEW_FOLLOW_RANGE_MAX_M): the link is then a place
+ * view.
  */
-export function readShareFollowSubject({ viewer, nowMs = Date.now() }) {
+function selectedVesselSubject(cameraPosition, vessel, nowMs) {
+  const id = String(vessel?.id || '');
+  if (!id || !vessel.position) return null;
+  const fixAt = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(vessel.position);
+  const cameraAt = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(cameraPosition);
+  if (!fixAt || !cameraAt) return null;
+  const lastKnown = {
+    lat: toCoordinate(fixAt.latitude),
+    lon: toCoordinate(fixAt.longitude),
+    alt: Math.round(fixAt.height),
+    observedAtMs: Number.isFinite(vessel.observedAtMs)
+      ? vessel.observedAtMs
+      : nowMs,
+  };
+  const offset = followOffsetFor(lastKnown, {
+    lat: Cesium.Math.toDegrees(cameraAt.latitude),
+    lon: Cesium.Math.toDegrees(cameraAt.longitude),
+    alt: cameraAt.height,
+  });
+  if (
+    !offset ||
+    !(offset.range >= 1 && offset.range <= SHARE_VIEW_FOLLOW_RANGE_MAX_M)
+  )
+    return null;
+  return { kind: 'vessel', id, offset, lastKnown };
+}
+
+/**
+ * The entity a share link made now names, as `{ kind, id, offset, lastKnown }`:
+ * the entity the camera follows, with the camera's offset from it and its
+ * displayed position as of `nowMs`; else, while the camera follows nothing,
+ * the selected vessel (`readSelectedVessel()`, the vessel layer's
+ * `getSelectedFix()`). A selected vessel is not followed (the camera stays
+ * where the user puts it), so its offset is the one that derives the camera
+ * where it is now. Null when there is nothing a share link can name.
+ */
+export function readShareFollowSubject({
+  viewer,
+  nowMs = Date.now(),
+  readSelectedVessel = null,
+}) {
   const cameraPosition = viewer?.camera?.positionWC;
   if (!cameraPosition) return null;
   const tracked = viewer.trackedEntity;
+  if (!tracked) {
+    const vessel = readSelectedVessel?.() ?? null;
+    return vessel ? selectedVesselSubject(cameraPosition, vessel, nowMs) : null;
+  }
   const trackedId = String(tracked?.gevTrackedId || '');
   const separator = trackedId.indexOf(':');
   if (separator <= 0) return null;
diff --git a/src/ui/shareLinks.test.mjs b/src/ui/shareLinks.test.mjs
index d7b747d66..507887a3b 100644
--- a/src/ui/shareLinks.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/shareLinks.test.mjs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
 } from './shareFollow.js';
 import { createDefaultLayerState } from '../data/layerState.js';
 import { parseSharePath, shareLinkUrl } from '../share/shareLinkPath.js';
+import { worldClock } from '../time/worldClock.js';
 import {
   decodeShareView,
   encodeShareView,
@@ -234,7 +235,9 @@ test('a code that fails its check restores nothing and says so', async (t) => {
     (await page.owner.initialRestorePromise).status,
     'not-requested',
   );
-  assert.deepEqual(page.notices, ["This share link can't be opened"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(page.notices, [
+    { message: "This share link can't be opened" },
+  ]);
   // The default start's first address write leaves the bad link behind.
   page.manager._updateHash();
   assert.equal(page.location.pathname, '/');
@@ -334,9 +337,10 @@ test('a thing that is not reporting leaves the view at its last-known fix, with
   await flush();
   assert.equal(page.notices.length, 1);
   assert.match(
-    page.notices[0],
-    /^A1B2C3 isn't reporting now — showing where it was at .+/,
+    page.notices[0].message,
+    /^The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at .+/,
   );
+  assert.equal(page.notices[0].detail, 'ICAO: A1B2C3');
   // A long link names no fix and keeps the existing notice.
   page.owner._initialShareState = { shareView: null };
   page.owner._handleShareTrackingRestoreStatus({
@@ -345,19 +349,48 @@ test('a thing that is not reporting leaves the view at its last-known fix, with
     label: 'flight',
     classification: 'expired',
   });
-  assert.equal(page.notices[1], 'Shared flight follow expired');
+  assert.deepEqual(page.notices[1], {
+    message: 'Shared flight follow expired',
+  });
 });
 
-test('the not-reporting notice names the id and the time of the fix', () => {
+test('the not-reporting notice is a sentence per kind with the id on a second line', () => {
   const at = new Date(2026, 9, 26, 14, 5).getTime();
+  const flight = sharedFixNotice(
+    { kind: 'aircraft', id: 'a1b2c3' },
+    at,
+    at + 60_000,
+  );
   assert.match(
-    sharedFixNotice({ kind: 'aircraft', id: 'a1b2c3' }, at, at + 60_000),
-    /^A1B2C3 isn't reporting now — showing where it was at .*05/,
+    flight.message,
+    /^The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at .*05/,
   );
+  assert.equal(flight.detail, 'ICAO: A1B2C3');
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    sharedFixNotice({ kind: 'military_aircraft', id: 'ae01ce' }, null),
+    {
+      message:
+        "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen",
+      detail: 'ICAO: AE01CE',
+    },
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(sharedFixNotice({ kind: 'vessel', id: '366999712' }, null), {
+    message:
+      "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen",
+    detail: 'MMSI: 366999712',
+  });
   assert.equal(
-    sharedFixNotice({ kind: 'vessel', id: '366999712' }, null),
-    "366999712 isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen",
+    sharedFixNotice(
+      { kind: 'vessel', id: '3F2504E0-4F89-11D3-9A0C-0305E82C3301' },
+      null,
+    ).detail,
+    'Vessel UUID: 3f2504e0-4f89-11d3-9a0c-0305e82c3301',
   );
+  assert.deepEqual(sharedFixNotice({ kind: 'satellite', id: '25544' }, null), {
+    message:
+      "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen",
+    detail: 'NORAD: 25544',
+  });
 });
 
 test('a shared vessel is selected once the vessel feed has it', async (t) => {
@@ -398,7 +431,11 @@ test('a shared vessel is selected once the vessel feed has it', async (t) => {
     page.runAll();
   }
   assert.equal(await missing, false);
-  assert.match(page.notices.at(-1), /^366999712 isn't reporting now/);
+  assert.match(
+    page.notices.at(-1).message,
+    /^The shared vessel isn't reporting now/,
+  );
+  assert.equal(page.notices.at(-1).detail, 'MMSI: 366999712');
 });
 
 test('the share button links to /share/<code>, following the followed entity', (t) => {
@@ -552,3 +589,174 @@ test('long links and hash navigation are unaffected by a share code start', asyn
   assert.equal(page.restores.length, 2);
   assert.equal(page.restores[1].style, 'normal');
 });
+
+const VESSEL_UUID = '0770e3ca-b896-c307-f499-4f9df2b8f86b';
+const VESSEL_AT = { lat: 51.93012, lon: 4.05118, alt: 46.6 };
+
+/** A camera `offset` from the vessel, as Cesium places it (WGS84). */
+function cameraAround(offset) {
+  const vessel = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+    VESSEL_AT.lon,
+    VESSEL_AT.lat,
+    VESSEL_AT.alt,
+  );
+  const local = followOffsetToEnu(offset);
+  return {
+    vessel,
+    camera: Cesium.Matrix4.multiplyByPoint(
+      Cesium.Transforms.eastNorthUpToFixedFrame(vessel),
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(local.east, local.north, local.up),
+      new Cesium.Cartesian3(),
+    ),
+  };
+}
+
+test('a selected vessel is the subject when the camera follows nothing', (t) => {
+  installPage(t, 'https://gev.example/');
+  const offset = { range: 6400, heading: 250, pitch: -28 };
+  const { vessel, camera } = cameraAround(offset);
+  const viewer = fakeViewer();
+  viewer.camera.positionWC = camera;
+  const fixAtMs = Math.floor(NOW_MS / 1000) * 1000 - 90_000;
+  let selected = { id: VESSEL_UUID, position: vessel, observedAtMs: fixAtMs };
+  const readSelectedVessel = () => selected;
+  const subject = readShareFollowSubject({
+    viewer,
+    nowMs: NOW_MS,
+    readSelectedVessel,
+  });
+  assert.equal(subject.kind, 'vessel');
+  assert.equal(subject.id, VESSEL_UUID);
+  // The fix is the vessel's drawn position at the format's precision.
+  assert.deepEqual(subject.lastKnown, {
+    lat: 51.9301,
+    lon: 4.0512,
+    alt: 47,
+    observedAtMs: fixAtMs,
+  });
+  // The inverse of the derived camera, from the user's camera: within the
+  // offset's whole degrees of the camera that placed it.
+  // (The fix is rounded to 10⁻⁴°, about 11 m, before the offset is taken.)
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(subject.offset.range - offset.range) <= 20);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(subject.offset.heading - offset.heading) <= 1);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(subject.offset.pitch - offset.pitch) <= 1);
+
+  // The share button's link opens with its camera where this one is.
+  const manager = new ShareLinkManager(viewer);
+  manager.setFollowSubjectProvider(({ nowMs }) =>
+    readShareFollowSubject({ viewer, nowMs, readSelectedVessel }),
+  );
+  const href = manager.buildLink({ nowMs: NOW_MS });
+  const code = parseSharePath(new URL(href).pathname).code;
+  const { state } = decodeShareView(code, { nowMs: NOW_MS });
+  assert.deepEqual(state.view.entity, { kind: 'vessel', id: VESSEL_UUID });
+  assert.equal(state.view.lastKnown.observedAtMs, fixAtMs);
+  const opened = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(state.lon, state.lat, state.alt);
+  const missM = Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(opened, camera);
+  // Whole degrees at 6.4 km are at most about 80 m; 10⁻⁴° is about 11 m.
+  assert.ok(missM < 100, `${missM.toFixed(1)} m from the camera`);
+  // The UUID costs 13 bytes more than an ICAO address: 16 against 3.
+  manager.setFollowSubjectProvider(() => ({
+    ...subject,
+    kind: 'aircraft',
+    id: 'a1b2c3',
+  }));
+  const aircraft = parseSharePath(
+    new URL(manager.buildLink({ nowMs: NOW_MS })).pathname,
+  ).code;
+  assert.ok(
+    code.length - aircraft.length <= 18,
+    `${code.length} against ${aircraft.length} characters`,
+  );
+  manager.destroy();
+
+  // A camera below the vessel's horizon cannot be carried: a place view.
+  viewer.camera.positionWC = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(4.0512, 54, 900);
+  assert.equal(
+    readShareFollowSubject({ viewer, nowMs: NOW_MS, readSelectedVessel }),
+    null,
+  );
+  // Nor can one at the vessel.
+  viewer.camera.positionWC = vessel;
+  assert.equal(
+    readShareFollowSubject({ viewer, nowMs: NOW_MS, readSelectedVessel }),
+    null,
+  );
+  // With nothing selected there is no subject.
+  viewer.camera.positionWC = camera;
+  selected = null;
+  assert.equal(
+    readShareFollowSubject({ viewer, nowMs: NOW_MS, readSelectedVessel }),
+    null,
+  );
+});
+
+test('a followed aircraft or satellite keeps priority over a selected vessel', () => {
+  const { vessel, camera } = cameraAround({
+    range: 2400,
+    heading: 30,
+    pitch: -20,
+  });
+  const readSelectedVessel = () => ({
+    id: VESSEL_UUID,
+    position: vessel,
+    observedAtMs: NOW_MS,
+  });
+  const viewer = {
+    camera: { positionWC: camera },
+    clock: { currentTime: Cesium.JulianDate.now() },
+    trackedEntity: {
+      gevTrackedId: 'satellites:25544',
+      gevDisplayPosition: () => vessel,
+    },
+  };
+  const subject = readShareFollowSubject({ viewer, readSelectedVessel });
+  assert.equal(subject.kind, 'satellite');
+  // A followed entity the share format cannot name is still followed: the
+  // link is a place view, not the selected vessel.
+  viewer.trackedEntity.gevTrackedId = 'local-adsb:abc';
+  assert.equal(readShareFollowSubject({ viewer, readSelectedVessel }), null);
+});
+
+test('a link to a UUID vessel at a world time selects it once its snapshot has it', async (t) => {
+  t.after(() => worldClock.goLive());
+  const worldTime = Math.floor((NOW_MS - 3_600_000) / 1000) * 1000;
+  const code = encodeShareView({
+    view: {
+      kind: 'thing',
+      entity: { kind: 'vessel', id: VESSEL_UUID },
+      offset: { range: 3200, heading: 20, pitch: -30 },
+      lastKnown: { ...VESSEL_AT, alt: 47, observedAtMs: worldTime },
+    },
+    sharedAtMs: Math.floor(NOW_MS / 1000) * 1000,
+    worldTime,
+  });
+  const page = openPage(t, `http://localhost/share/${code}`);
+  // The link opens paused at its world time.
+  assert.equal(worldClock.isLive(), false);
+  assert.equal(worldClock.now(), worldTime);
+  // The vessel layer: its records are the snapshot at the clock's time, which
+  // arrives a moment after the layer turns on.
+  const records = new Set();
+  const selected = [];
+  page.owner._dataManager = {
+    layers: new Map([
+      [
+        'ais-live-vessels',
+        {
+          module: {
+            hasContact: (id) => (records.size ? records.has(id) : null),
+            selectById: (id) => records.has(id) && selected.push(id) > 0,
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    ]),
+  };
+  await restore(page);
+  assert.deepEqual(selected, []);
+  if (worldClock.now() === worldTime) records.add(VESSEL_UUID);
+  page.runAll();
+  await flush();
+  assert.deepEqual(selected, [VESSEL_UUID]);
+  assert.deepEqual(page.notices, []);
+});
diff --git a/src/ui/shareRestoration.js b/src/ui/shareRestoration.js
index 9fc4c6f45..b0bd471c5 100644
--- a/src/ui/shareRestoration.js
+++ b/src/ui/shareRestoration.js
@@ -70,34 +70,88 @@ export function shareTrackingRestoreNotice(result) {
       : t('Shared {subject} is unavailable', { subject });
 }
 
+// The not-reporting notice, one ready-made sentence per shared entity kind
+// (SHARE_VIEW_ENTITY_KINDS) for the same reason as SHARE_RESTORE_NOTICES.
+const SHARED_FIX_NOTICES = Object.freeze({
+  aircraft: Object.freeze({
+    lastSeen: msg(
+      "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen",
+    ),
+    at: msg(
+      "The shared flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}",
+    ),
+  }),
+  military_aircraft: Object.freeze({
+    lastSeen: msg(
+      "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen",
+    ),
+    at: msg(
+      "The shared military flight isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}",
+    ),
+  }),
+  vessel: Object.freeze({
+    lastSeen: msg(
+      "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen",
+    ),
+    at: msg(
+      "The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}",
+    ),
+  }),
+  satellite: Object.freeze({
+    lastSeen: msg(
+      "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen",
+    ),
+    at: msg(
+      "The shared satellite isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}",
+    ),
+  }),
+});
+
+// The second line names the entity by the id the link carries.
+function sharedFixDetail(entity) {
+  const id = String(entity.id);
+  switch (entity.kind) {
+    case 'aircraft':
+    case 'military_aircraft':
+      // ICAO addresses read as they are written on the aircraft: upper case.
+      return t('ICAO: {id}', { id: id.toUpperCase() });
+    case 'satellite':
+      return t('NORAD: {id}', { id });
+    case 'vessel':
+      return /^\d+$/.test(id)
+        ? t('MMSI: {id}', { id })
+        : t('Vessel UUID: {id}', { id: id.toLowerCase() });
+    default:
+      return id;
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * The notice for a shared entity that is not reporting: the view shows where
- * it was when the link was made.
+ * it was when the link was made. The sentence is the notice; the entity's id
+ * goes on a second line under it.
  * @param {{kind: string, id: string}} entity
  * @param {number|null} observedAtMs
  * @param {number} [nowMs]
- * @returns {string}
+ * @returns {{message: string, detail: string}}
  */
 export function sharedFixNotice(entity, observedAtMs, nowMs = Date.now()) {
-  // ICAO addresses read as they are written on the aircraft: upper case.
-  const id =
-    ENTITY_BY_KIND.get(entity.kind)?.idForm === 'hex24'
-      ? String(entity.id).toUpperCase()
-      : String(entity.id);
+  const detail = sharedFixDetail(entity);
+  const notices = SHARED_FIX_NOTICES[entity.kind];
+  if (!notices)
+    return {
+      message: t('Shared {subject} is unavailable', { subject: t('entity') }),
+      detail,
+    };
   if (!Number.isFinite(observedAtMs))
-    return t("{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was last seen", {
-      id,
-    });
+    return { message: t(notices.lastSeen), detail };
   const time = formatDate(
     observedAtMs,
     nowMs - observedAtMs < DAY_MS
       ? { hour: '2-digit', minute: '2-digit' }
       : { month: 'short', day: 'numeric', hour: '2-digit', minute: '2-digit' },
   );
-  return t("{id} isn't reporting now — showing where it was at {time}", {
-    id,
-    time,
-  });
+  return { message: t(notices.at, { time }), detail };
 }
 
 /** Own initial share restoration, durable layer state and restoration notices. */
@@ -181,7 +235,7 @@ export class ShareRestoration {
       this.syncShareState();
       if (this.shareLinkManager?.rejectedShareCode)
         this._presentAfterStartupCover(
-          t("This share link can't be opened"),
+          { message: t("This share link can't be opened") },
           ++this._shareTrackingNoticeGeneration,
         );
     }
@@ -411,7 +465,7 @@ export class ShareRestoration {
     this._presentAfterStartupCover(
       view.lastKnown
         ? sharedFixNotice(view.entity, view.lastKnown.observedAtMs)
-        : t('Shared vessel is unavailable'),
+        : { message: t('Shared vessel is unavailable') },
       ++this._shareTrackingNoticeGeneration,
     );
     return false;
@@ -505,26 +559,36 @@ export class ShareRestoration {
     // A share link that knows where the entity was says so; the view is
     // already there.
     const fix = this._sharedThingFor(result)?.lastKnown;
-    const message = fix
+    const notice = fix
       ? sharedFixNotice(
           this._initialShareState.shareView.entity,
           fix.observedAtMs,
         )
-      : shareTrackingRestoreNotice(result);
+      : { message: shareTrackingRestoreNotice(result) };
     if (this._resolveInitialShareRestore) {
       void this.initialRestorePromise.then(() =>
-        this._presentAfterStartupCover(message, noticeGeneration),
+        this._presentAfterStartupCover(notice, noticeGeneration),
       );
       return;
     }
-    this._presentAfterStartupCover(message, noticeGeneration);
+    this._presentAfterStartupCover(notice, noticeGeneration);
   }
 
   /**
    * Show a status notice once the start-up cover is gone, unless a newer
-   * notice (generation) has taken its place.
+   * notice (generation) has taken its place. A notice with a detail line is
+   * a last-known one: the sentence over the entity's id.
+   * @param {{message: string, detail?: string}} notice
+   * @param {number} noticeGeneration
    */
-  _presentAfterStartupCover(message, noticeGeneration) {
+  _presentAfterStartupCover(notice, noticeGeneration) {
+    const show = () =>
+      notice.detail
+        ? this.showStatus(notice.message, {
+            state: 'last-known',
+            detail: notice.detail,
+          })
+        : this.showStatus(notice.message);
     const showAfterStartupCover = () => {
       this._lifetime.frame(() => {
         if (
@@ -540,7 +604,7 @@ export class ShareRestoration {
           !startupCover ||
           getComputedStyle(startupCover).visibility === 'hidden'
         ) {
-          this.showStatus(message);
+          show();
           return;
         }
         let fallbackTimer = null;
@@ -555,7 +619,7 @@ export class ShareRestoration {
               this._disposed,
             )
           )
-            this.showStatus(message);
+            show();
         };
         removeStartupListener = this._lifetime.listen(
           startupCover,
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/status.css b/src/ui/styles/status.css
index 404b9cd2c..eebb4e785 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/status.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/status.css
@@ -166,6 +166,24 @@ html:not([lang='en']) #global-loading-detail {
 #global-loading-status[data-state='cancelled'] #global-loading-detail {
   color: #ffd488;
 }
+/* A last-known notice is a sentence with the entity's id on a second line;
+   the id is shown whole (a vessel UUID is 36 characters). */
+#global-loading-status[data-state='last-known'] {
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 3px;
+  border-color: rgba(255, 212, 136, 0.55);
+  text-align: center;
+}
+#global-loading-status[data-state='last-known'] #global-loading-label {
+  color: #ffd488;
+}
+#global-loading-status[data-state='last-known'] #global-loading-detail {
+  max-width: none;
+  color: rgba(255, 228, 176, 0.82);
+  letter-spacing: 1.2px;
+  text-align: center;
+  text-transform: none;
+}
 #global-loading-status[data-state='acquiring'] {
   border-color: rgba(0, 212, 255, 0.42);
   box-shadow:
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.js b/src/voice/gevActions.js
index 2d9334bc8..fdb5dc90c 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.js
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.js
@@ -2824,7 +2824,7 @@ async function trackEntity(
       () => {
         let trackedOk = false;
         if (family.kind === 'vessel') {
-          trackedOk = !!module.selectById?.(found.mmsi);
+          trackedOk = !!module.selectById?.(found.id ?? found.mmsi);
           flyToLandmark(viewer, found.latitude, found.longitude, {
             range: 6000,
             pitch: -45,
@@ -4003,8 +4003,13 @@ function locateLayerEntity(dataManager, { layerId, id, lat, lon }) {
         ?.module?.getAnalystRecords?.()
         .filter(
           (item) =>
-            String(item.icao24 ?? item.mmsi ?? item.noradId ?? item.id) ===
-            String(id),
+            String(
+              item.icao24 ??
+                item.vesselId ??
+                item.mmsi ??
+                item.noradId ??
+                item.id,
+            ) === String(id),
         ) || [];
     // Bikeshare uses station names as IDs: retain the coordinate identity
     // even if a namesake disappears. Moving records use their fresh fix.
@@ -5344,6 +5349,7 @@ function cameraViewBox(viewer) {
 /** Identity fields every compact analyst item keeps when present. */
 const ANALYST_IDENTITY_FIELDS = Object.freeze([
   'icao24',
+  'vesselId',
   'mmsi',
   'registration',
   'label',
@@ -5361,6 +5367,7 @@ const ANALYST_CANONICAL_FIELDS = new Set([
   'layerKey',
   'id',
   'icao24',
+  'vesselId',
   'mmsi',
   'noradId',
   'registration',
@@ -5373,7 +5380,7 @@ const ANALYST_CANONICAL_FIELDS = new Set([
  * follow-up can fly to it), distance, and that layer's manifest fields with
  * times as ISO text. The full record set stays engine-side for follow-ups.
  *
- * `icao24`/`mmsi` ride along because the tool instructions tell the model to
+ * `icao24`/`vesselId`/`mmsi` ride along because the tool instructions tell the model to
  * hand this result straight to track_entity, and `id` is a DISPLAY label
  * (callsign, else registration, else hex). A callsign-less contact therefore
  * handed track_entity a tail number the lookup could not resolve, and the
diff --git a/src/voice/pointAndAskReview.test.mjs b/src/voice/pointAndAskReview.test.mjs
index c6eba9eda..205e56f32 100644
--- a/src/voice/pointAndAskReview.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/pointAndAskReview.test.mjs
@@ -245,6 +245,31 @@ test('P2-7: duplicate callsigns and names resolve by canonical identity', () =>
   );
 });
 
+test('vessels sharing an MMSI resolve by their vessel id', () => {
+  const referents = createReferentRegistry();
+  referents.recordResult('analyst_query', {
+    ok: true,
+    items: ['hull-a', 'hull-b'].map((vesselId) => ({
+      layerKey: 'ais-live-vessels',
+      id: 'EVER GIVEN',
+      vesselId,
+      mmsi: '353136000',
+      name: 'EVER GIVEN',
+    })),
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [1, 2].map(
+      (n) =>
+        resolveDeicticArgs(
+          'track_entity',
+          { query: 'x', referent: n },
+          { referents },
+        ).args.query,
+    ),
+    ['hull-a', 'hull-b'],
+  );
+});
+
 test('P1-1: a result from before the last clear cannot repopulate the registry', () => {
   const referents = createReferentRegistry();
   const since = referents.generation();
diff --git a/src/voice/referents.js b/src/voice/referents.js
index 590cff67d..49d7ef057 100644
--- a/src/voice/referents.js
+++ b/src/voice/referents.js
@@ -23,10 +23,17 @@ function finite(value) {
 
 function normalize(entry, index) {
   if (!entry || typeof entry !== 'object') return null;
-  // Identity is the canonical key (transponder hex, MMSI, NORAD id); a
+  // Identity is the canonical key (transponder hex, vessel id, NORAD id); a
   // display `id` such as a callsign is only a label, and two contacts can
-  // share one.
-  const id = entry.icao24 ?? entry.mmsi ?? entry.noradId ?? entry.id ?? null;
+  // share one. Vessels can share an MMSI too, so a vessel's key is its
+  // `vesselId` when the row names one.
+  const id =
+    entry.icao24 ??
+    entry.vesselId ??
+    entry.mmsi ??
+    entry.noradId ??
+    entry.id ??
+    null;
   const label = String(
     entry.label ?? entry.callsign ?? entry.name ?? entry.id ?? id ?? '',
   ).trim();
diff --git a/src/voice/speech.js b/src/voice/speech.js
index 158c37b78..dbff4ad4d 100644
--- a/src/voice/speech.js
+++ b/src/voice/speech.js
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ function frameOverhead(result) {
     .filter((entry) => entry?.label || entry?.id)
     .map((entry, index) => ({
       n: index + 1,
-      id: entry.icao24 || entry.mmsi || entry.id || null,
+      id: entry.icao24 || entry.id || entry.mmsi || null,
       label: spokenLabel(entry.label || entry.id),
       layerId: result.layerId,
     }));

From 5826420a27bf4d87759b8d2881fcfb26bb35715c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 18:17:52 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 166/181] chore(changelog): name the contacts fragment for
 #1662

---
 ...w-world-clock.md => 1662-contacts-follow-world-clock.md} | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 rename changelog.d/{0-contacts-follow-world-clock.md => 1662-contacts-follow-world-clock.md} (95%)

diff --git a/changelog.d/0-contacts-follow-world-clock.md b/changelog.d/1662-contacts-follow-world-clock.md
similarity index 95%
rename from changelog.d/0-contacts-follow-world-clock.md
rename to changelog.d/1662-contacts-follow-world-clock.md
index 3755ed7d6..16f611d52 100644
--- a/changelog.d/0-contacts-follow-world-clock.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1662-contacts-follow-world-clock.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   before. A source's `timeline.subscribe` may also tell of a better answer
   for a time it has answered; paused, the layer loads the time shown again.
   A source with no timeline keeps them live, unchanged (Sameh Khamis,
-  @samehkhamis, #PR).
+  @samehkhamis, #1662).
 - AIS Vessels are keyed by the stable id their live source gives (`id` on a
   vessel record), not by MMSI: vessels can share an MMSI, through spoofing,
   reused numbers or defaults such as 0, and a number can move to another
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
   `idFor(row)` for a source whose rows carry an id of their own. Tool and voice results carry the vessel's id beside its MMSI
   (`id`, or `vesselId` where `id` is a display label), and `get_vessel_track`
   also takes an `id`. AISStream has only MMSIs, so its vessels are keyed by
-  MMSI and nothing changes there (Sameh Khamis, @samehkhamis, #PR).
+  MMSI and nothing changes there (Sameh Khamis, @samehkhamis, #1662).
 - A share link made while a vessel is selected (and the camera follows
   nothing) now opens that vessel: the link names it, opens with the camera
   where it was, looking at the vessel, and selects the vessel once the feed
@@ -33,4 +33,4 @@
   now says so in a sentence ("The shared vessel isn't reporting now — showing
   where it was at 14:05"), with its id on a second line under it (ICAO,
   NORAD, MMSI or vessel UUID) instead of at the head of the sentence (Sameh
-  Khamis, @samehkhamis, #PR).
+  Khamis, @samehkhamis, #1662).

From b226fa820aeb25ca7a1a6571f3b3fe384b87dd39 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 21:19:33 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 167/181] test(news): briefing stories share one published
 time, so their order never depends on a clock tick

---
 src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs b/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs
index a97059aaa..78f2cbdae 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitBriefing.test.mjs
@@ -171,11 +171,15 @@ test('regional news and local conditions render what the region returned', async
   assert.equal(text('#cockpit-local-coordinates'), 'POSITION UNAVAILABLE');
 });
 
+// One time for every story: newest-first order then keeps the order a test
+// lists them in. A clock read per story could tick between two of them and
+// swap them.
+const STORY_PUBLISHED_AT = new Date().toISOString();
 const story = (id, url = `https://example.com/${id}`) => ({
   url,
   title: `Story ${id}`,
   domain: 'example.com',
-  publishedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+  publishedAt: STORY_PUBLISHED_AT,
 });
 
 test('a refreshed news list keeps a focused story on its own link', async (t) => {

From e18353f769c2996076a2613a3e17339bce972174 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 20:47:26 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 168/181] feat(weather): a host can supply decoded frames to
 the weather layers

A weather feed may also be a frame source. With an optional
getFrameImage({ product, time, size, bbox, signal }) the layers take
whole-extent images, detail windows and the global mosaic from it; with an
optional getFrameTile({ product, time, z, x, y, size, signal }) regional
tiles and their prefetch come from it, null being a transparent tile. Pixels
may be an ImageBitmap, ImageData, canvas or VideoFrame of exactly the
requested size; the layer draws them once and closes them. Cancellation
reaches the source, and a feed without these methods reads the image and
tile routes as before.
---
 docs/APPLICATION.md                        |   7 +
 src/layers/weather/index.js                |   3 +
 src/layers/weather/infraredImage.js        |  59 ++++-
 src/layers/weather/infraredImage.test.mjs  | 152 +++++++++++++
 src/layers/weather/rasterTiles.js          |  98 +++++++++
 src/layers/weather/rasterTiles.test.mjs    | 163 +++++++++++++-
 src/layers/weather/rendering.js            | 104 ++++++---
 src/layers/weather/shellRendering.js       |   5 +-
 src/layers/weather/shellRendering.test.mjs |  98 +++++++++
 src/layers/weather/source.js               |  69 ++++++
 src/layers/weather/source.test.mjs         | 104 +++++++++
 src/layers/weather/weather.test.mjs        | 237 +++++++++++++++++++++
 12 files changed, 1068 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/APPLICATION.md b/docs/APPLICATION.md
index 8848601d1..d3ca6ffce 100644
--- a/docs/APPLICATION.md
+++ b/docs/APPLICATION.md
@@ -188,6 +188,13 @@ state restoration, and release them after the consumers stop. The catalog
 constructor (`application/layers`) also requires `wind`, `weather` and
 `cyclones` sources with `getSnapshot` for the Weather layers, and owns the
 observed-history clock those layers share for the catalog's lifetime.
+A `weather` source may also supply decoded frames: an optional
+`getFrameImage({ product, time, size, bbox, signal })` returns a whole-extent or
+detail image and an optional `getFrameTile({ product, time, z, x, y, size,
+signal })` returns one tile or null for a transparent tile, each as an
+`ImageBitmap`, `ImageData`, canvas or `VideoFrame` of exactly the requested
+size, which the layer draws once and closes. Without them the layers read the
+image and tile routes (`WeatherFrameFeed` in `src/layers/weather/source.js`).
 
 `application/services` accepts boundary, terrain, regional-context, weather and
 summary services; its weather service supplies cockpit local conditions, not the
diff --git a/src/layers/weather/index.js b/src/layers/weather/index.js
index fb1447827..cab2d2b98 100644
--- a/src/layers/weather/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/weather/index.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
 import { createWeatherRendering } from './rendering.js';
+import { weatherFrameSource } from './source.js';
 import { imageryHostStatus } from './imageryHost.js';
 import { weatherDisplay, insideExtent } from './display.js';
 import {
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ export function createWeatherLayer({
 } = {}) {
   if (typeof feed?.getSnapshot !== 'function')
     throw new TypeError('Weather requires a snapshot source');
+  // A feed may also supply decoded frames; see weatherFrameSource.
   const radar = id === 'weather-radar';
   const lightning = id === 'weather-lightning';
   const satellite = !radar && !lightning;
@@ -288,6 +290,7 @@ export function createWeatherLayer({
         cesium,
         getHost,
         onChange: notify,
+        frameSource: weatherFrameSource(feed),
       });
       checkHost(false);
       eventTarget?.addEventListener?.(
diff --git a/src/layers/weather/infraredImage.js b/src/layers/weather/infraredImage.js
index 0957f9ce4..de57ab3b9 100644
--- a/src/layers/weather/infraredImage.js
+++ b/src/layers/weather/infraredImage.js
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 import { readResponseBytesCapped } from '../../sources/httpBody.js';
 import { msg } from '../../i18n/index.js';
-import { weatherImageUrl } from './source.js';
+import {
+  weatherImageUrl,
+  weatherPixelSize,
+  drawWeatherPixels,
+  closeWeatherPixels,
+} from './source.js';
 import { infraredAlpha } from './infraredAlpha.js';
 
 export const MAX_MOSAIC_BYTES = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
@@ -20,10 +25,35 @@ export function processInfraredImage(
   if (flipY) context.setTransform(1, 0, 0, -1, 0, image.height);
   context.drawImage(image, 0, 0);
   if (flipY) context.setTransform(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);
+  applyInfraredTransfer(context, canvas, mode);
+  return canvas;
+}
+
+function applyInfraredTransfer(context, canvas, mode) {
   const pixels = context.getImageData(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
   pixels.data.set(infraredAlpha(pixels.data, mode));
   context.putImageData(pixels, 0, 0);
-  return canvas;
+}
+
+/** Draw pixels a frame source supplied into a new canvas, with the display
+ * transfer for infrared products, and release them. They must be `size`. */
+function drawSuppliedImage(pixels, product, mode, size, signal, createCanvas) {
+  try {
+    signal.throwIfAborted();
+    const { width, height } = weatherPixelSize(pixels);
+    if (width !== size.width || height !== size.height)
+      throw new Error('Invalid weather image dimensions');
+    const texture = createCanvas();
+    texture.width = width;
+    texture.height = height;
+    const context = texture.getContext('2d');
+    drawWeatherPixels(context, pixels);
+    if (product === 'clouds' || product === 'clouds-regional')
+      applyInfraredTransfer(context, texture, mode);
+    return texture;
+  } finally {
+    closeWeatherPixels(pixels);
+  }
 }
 
 /** Decode locally, releasing the object URL on success, failure or cancellation. */
@@ -60,7 +90,8 @@ export function decodeInfraredImage(blob, signal) {
 /** Fetch one capped whole-extent frame, or a `bbox` detail window of it, and draw
  * it into a canvas. Infrared frames get the display transfer; a canvas also keeps
  * Cesium's texture row order, which an ImageBitmap upload would not. The decoded
- * image is always released. */
+ * image is always released. With a `frameSource` that has `getImage`, the host
+ * supplies the decoded pixels instead and nothing is fetched or decoded here. */
 export async function acquireWeatherImage(
   product,
   time,
@@ -75,8 +106,30 @@ export async function acquireWeatherImage(
     decodeImage = decodeInfraredImage,
     now = () => performance.now(),
     onFetched = () => {},
+    frameSource = null,
   },
 ) {
+  if (frameSource?.getImage) {
+    signal.throwIfAborted();
+    const started = now();
+    const pixels = await frameSource.getImage({
+      product,
+      time,
+      size,
+      bbox,
+      signal,
+    });
+    onFetched();
+    const texture = drawSuppliedImage(
+      pixels,
+      product,
+      mode,
+      size,
+      signal,
+      createCanvas,
+    );
+    return { texture, decodeMs: now() - started };
+  }
   const response = await fetchImpl(weatherImageUrl(product, time, size, bbox), {
     signal,
   });
diff --git a/src/layers/weather/infraredImage.test.mjs b/src/layers/weather/infraredImage.test.mjs
index 61e532564..fb06607e4 100644
--- a/src/layers/weather/infraredImage.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/weather/infraredImage.test.mjs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import {
   acquireInfraredMosaic,
+  acquireWeatherImage,
   decodeInfraredImage,
   processInfraredImage,
   MAX_MOSAIC_BYTES,
@@ -183,3 +184,154 @@ test('bitmap decoding and Image fallback release resources on success, error and
   }
   assert.deepEqual(revoked, ['blob:test', 'blob:test', 'blob:test']);
 });
+
+const pixels = (width, height) => ({
+  width,
+  height,
+  closes: 0,
+  close() {
+    this.closes++;
+  },
+});
+
+test('a frame source supplies the image: nothing is fetched or decoded and the pixels are released', async () => {
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  const requests = [];
+  const bitmap = pixels(2048, 1024);
+  let clock = 5,
+    fetched = false;
+  const result = await acquireInfraredMosaic('2026-09-15T20:00:00.000Z', {
+    signal: controller.signal,
+    mode: 'filtered',
+    createCanvas: canvas,
+    now: () => clock,
+    onFetched: () => {
+      fetched = true;
+    },
+    fetchImpl: () => assert.fail('a supplied frame is not fetched'),
+    decodeImage: () => assert.fail('a supplied frame is not decoded'),
+    frameSource: {
+      getImage: async (request) => {
+        requests.push(request);
+        clock = 12;
+        return bitmap;
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(requests, [
+    {
+      product: 'clouds',
+      time: '2026-09-15T20:00:00.000Z',
+      size: { width: 2048, height: 1024 },
+      bbox: null,
+      signal: controller.signal,
+    },
+  ]);
+  assert.equal(fetched, true);
+  assert.equal(result.decodeMs, 7);
+  assert.equal(result.texture.width, 2048);
+  assert.equal(result.texture.height, 1024);
+  assert.equal(result.texture.image, bitmap);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [...result.texture.pixels],
+    [194, 0, 0, 98],
+    'infrared frames get the display transfer',
+  );
+  assert.equal(bitmap.closes, 1);
+});
+
+test('supplied detail windows carry their bbox; ImageData is put, radar keeps its pixels', async (t) => {
+  const had = Object.hasOwn(globalThis, 'ImageData');
+  const previous = globalThis.ImageData;
+  globalThis.ImageData = class ImageData {
+    width = 4096;
+    height = 2048;
+    data = new Uint8ClampedArray([1, 2, 3, 4]);
+  };
+  t.after(() => {
+    if (had) globalThis.ImageData = previous;
+    else delete globalThis.ImageData;
+  });
+  const data = new globalThis.ImageData();
+  const bbox = { west: -102, south: 34, east: -96, north: 37 };
+  let request;
+  const { texture } = await acquireWeatherImage('radar', 't', {
+    signal: new AbortController().signal,
+    size: { width: 4096, height: 2048 },
+    bbox,
+    createCanvas: canvas,
+    fetchImpl: () => assert.fail('no fetch'),
+    frameSource: {
+      getImage: async (value) => {
+        request = value;
+        return data;
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  assert.equal(request.bbox, bbox);
+  assert.equal(
+    texture.pixels,
+    data.data,
+    'ImageData is put as it is; radar has no transfer',
+  );
+  assert.equal(texture.image, undefined, 'ImageData is not drawn as an image');
+  assert.equal(texture.width, 4096);
+});
+
+test('a supplied frame of the wrong size is refused and still released', async () => {
+  const wrong = pixels(1024, 512);
+  await assert.rejects(
+    acquireInfraredMosaic('t', {
+      signal: new AbortController().signal,
+      mode: 'filtered',
+      createCanvas: canvas,
+      frameSource: { getImage: async () => wrong },
+    }),
+    /Invalid weather image dimensions/,
+  );
+  assert.equal(wrong.closes, 1);
+  await assert.rejects(
+    acquireInfraredMosaic('t', {
+      signal: new AbortController().signal,
+      mode: 'filtered',
+      createCanvas: canvas,
+      frameSource: { getImage: async () => undefined },
+    }),
+    /Invalid weather image dimensions/,
+  );
+});
+
+test('cancellation reaches the frame source, and a frame that arrives after it is released', async () => {
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  const late = pixels(2048, 1024);
+  let seen;
+  const pending = acquireInfraredMosaic('t', {
+    signal: controller.signal,
+    mode: 'filtered',
+    createCanvas: () => assert.fail('a cancelled frame is not drawn'),
+    frameSource: {
+      getImage: async ({ signal }) => {
+        seen = signal;
+        await flushMicrotasks();
+        return late;
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  controller.abort();
+  await assert.rejects(pending, { name: 'AbortError' });
+  assert.equal(seen, controller.signal);
+  assert.equal(late.closes, 1);
+  const aborted = new AbortController();
+  aborted.abort();
+  await assert.rejects(
+    acquireInfraredMosaic('t', {
+      signal: aborted.signal,
+      frameSource: { getImage: () => assert.fail('already cancelled') },
+    }),
+    { name: 'AbortError' },
+  );
+});
+
+async function flushMicrotasks() {
+  for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+}
diff --git a/src/layers/weather/rasterTiles.js b/src/layers/weather/rasterTiles.js
index cba2b7a0c..e095345e6 100644
--- a/src/layers/weather/rasterTiles.js
+++ b/src/layers/weather/rasterTiles.js
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+import {
+  weatherPixelSize,
+  drawWeatherPixels,
+  closeWeatherPixels,
+} from './source.js';
+
 /** Tile a bounded decoded canvas without network requests or scene state. */
 export function createRasterTileProvider({
   cesium,
@@ -48,3 +54,95 @@ export function createRasterTileProvider({
     },
   };
 }
+
+/**
+ * Tile one product time from a host frame source. Every resolved tile is a
+ * canvas: supplied pixels are drawn into a new one and released, and a null
+ * tile is one shared transparent canvas. Beyond `maxConcurrent` tiles in
+ * flight requestImage returns undefined, Cesium's signal to ask again later. A
+ * failed tile rejects, which Cesium reports through errorEvent. Aborting
+ * `signal` cancels every tile in flight.
+ */
+export function createFrameTileProvider({
+  cesium,
+  frameSource,
+  product,
+  time,
+  tilingScheme,
+  rectangle = cesium.Rectangle.MAX_VALUE,
+  maximumLevel,
+  credit,
+  createCanvas,
+  tileSize = 256,
+  maxConcurrent = 6,
+  signal,
+}) {
+  let inFlight = 0;
+  let empty = null;
+  const canvas = () => {
+    const tile = createCanvas();
+    tile.width = tile.height = tileSize;
+    return tile;
+  };
+  async function load(x, y, level, request) {
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    const abort = () => controller.abort(signal.reason);
+    signal?.addEventListener('abort', abort, { once: true });
+    try {
+      signal?.throwIfAborted();
+      const pixels = await frameSource.getTile({
+        product,
+        time,
+        z: level,
+        x,
+        y,
+        size: tileSize,
+        signal: controller.signal,
+      });
+      if (pixels === null) {
+        controller.signal.throwIfAborted();
+        return (empty ??= canvas());
+      }
+      try {
+        controller.signal.throwIfAborted();
+        const { width, height } = weatherPixelSize(pixels);
+        if (width !== tileSize || height !== tileSize)
+          throw new Error('Invalid weather tile dimensions');
+        const tile = canvas();
+        drawWeatherPixels(tile.getContext('2d'), pixels);
+        return tile;
+      } finally {
+        closeWeatherPixels(pixels);
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      // A cancelled tile is unloaded, not failed, so Cesium may ask again.
+      if (controller.signal.aborted && request && cesium.RequestState)
+        request.state = cesium.RequestState.CANCELLED;
+      throw error;
+    } finally {
+      signal?.removeEventListener('abort', abort);
+    }
+  }
+  return {
+    tilingScheme,
+    rectangle,
+    tileWidth: tileSize,
+    tileHeight: tileSize,
+    minimumLevel: 0,
+    maximumLevel,
+    ready: true,
+    tileDiscardPolicy: undefined,
+    credit,
+    errorEvent: new cesium.Event(),
+    hasAlphaChannel: true,
+    getTileCredits: () => undefined,
+    pickFeatures: () => undefined,
+    requestImage(x, y, level, request) {
+      if (inFlight >= maxConcurrent) return undefined;
+      inFlight++;
+      return load(x, y, level, request).finally(() => {
+        inFlight--;
+      });
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/layers/weather/rasterTiles.test.mjs b/src/layers/weather/rasterTiles.test.mjs
index 5efcf11c0..6c654ff2a 100644
--- a/src/layers/weather/rasterTiles.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/weather/rasterTiles.test.mjs
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
-import { createRasterTileProvider } from './rasterTiles.js';
+import {
+  createRasterTileProvider,
+  createFrameTileProvider,
+} from './rasterTiles.js';
 import { createFieldRaster } from '../wind/fields.js';
 
 // A small canvas double exposes the uploaded raster and exact drawImage crop.
@@ -154,3 +157,161 @@ test('512-pixel crops preserve source extent at root and clamped draping levels'
     assert.deepEqual(tile.crop, crop);
   }
 });
+
+const time = '2026-09-15T20:00:00.000Z';
+function tileCanvas() {
+  const canvas = { width: 0, height: 0, drawn: [] };
+  canvas.getContext = () => ({
+    drawImage: (source, ...args) => canvas.drawn.push([source, ...args]),
+    putImageData: (source, ...args) => canvas.drawn.push([source, ...args]),
+  });
+  return canvas;
+}
+const tilePixels = (size = 256) => ({
+  width: size,
+  height: size,
+  closes: 0,
+  close() {
+    this.closes++;
+  },
+});
+const deferredTile = () => {
+  let resolve, reject;
+  const promise = new Promise((yes, no) => {
+    resolve = yes;
+    reject = no;
+  });
+  return { promise, resolve, reject };
+};
+function frameProvider(getTile, options = {}) {
+  return createFrameTileProvider({
+    cesium: Cesium,
+    frameSource: { getTile },
+    product: 'radar',
+    time,
+    tilingScheme: new Cesium.GeographicTilingScheme(),
+    rectangle: Cesium.Rectangle.fromDegrees(-130, 20, -60, 55),
+    maximumLevel: 6,
+    credit: new Cesium.Credit('NOAA'),
+    createCanvas: tileCanvas,
+    ...options,
+  });
+}
+
+test('a frame tile provider draws each supplied tile into its own canvas and releases it', async () => {
+  const requests = [];
+  const supplied = tilePixels();
+  const provider = frameProvider(async (request) => {
+    requests.push(request);
+    return supplied;
+  });
+  assert.equal(provider.tileWidth, 256);
+  assert.equal(provider.maximumLevel, 6);
+  assert.equal(provider.hasAlphaChannel, true);
+  const tile = await provider.requestImage(3, 1, 2);
+  assert.equal(tile.width, 256);
+  assert.equal(tile.height, 256);
+  assert.deepEqual(tile.drawn, [[supplied, 0, 0]]);
+  assert.equal(supplied.closes, 1);
+  assert.equal(requests.length, 1);
+  const { signal, ...rest } = requests[0];
+  assert.deepEqual(rest, {
+    product: 'radar',
+    time,
+    z: 2,
+    x: 3,
+    y: 1,
+    size: 256,
+  });
+  assert.ok(signal instanceof AbortSignal);
+});
+
+test('a null tile is one shared transparent canvas', async () => {
+  const provider = frameProvider(async () => null);
+  const first = await provider.requestImage(0, 0, 0);
+  const second = await provider.requestImage(1, 0, 0);
+  assert.equal(first, second);
+  assert.equal(first.width, 256);
+  assert.deepEqual(first.drawn, [], 'nothing is drawn on it');
+});
+
+test('beyond the concurrency limit a tile is deferred to Cesium', async () => {
+  const gates = [];
+  const provider = frameProvider(
+    () => {
+      const gate = deferredTile();
+      gates.push(gate);
+      return gate.promise;
+    },
+    { maxConcurrent: 2 },
+  );
+  const first = provider.requestImage(0, 0, 1);
+  const second = provider.requestImage(1, 0, 1);
+  assert.equal(provider.requestImage(2, 0, 1), undefined);
+  gates[0].resolve(null);
+  await first;
+  const third = provider.requestImage(2, 0, 1);
+  assert.ok(third instanceof Promise, 'a finished tile frees its slot');
+  gates[1].resolve(null);
+  gates[2].resolve(null);
+  await Promise.all([second, third]);
+});
+
+test('a failed tile rejects, which Cesium reports through errorEvent', async () => {
+  const provider = frameProvider(async () => {
+    throw new Error('frame unavailable');
+  });
+  await assert.rejects(provider.requestImage(0, 0, 0), /frame unavailable/);
+  const wrong = tilePixels(512);
+  const sized = frameProvider(async () => wrong);
+  await assert.rejects(
+    sized.requestImage(0, 0, 0),
+    /Invalid weather tile dimensions/,
+  );
+  assert.equal(wrong.closes, 1, 'a refused tile is still released');
+  const layer = new Cesium.ImageryLayer(provider);
+  const reported = [];
+  provider.errorEvent.addEventListener((error) => {
+    reported.push(error);
+    error.retry = false;
+  });
+  const imagery = { x: 0, y: 0, level: 0, request: undefined };
+  layer._requestImagery(imagery);
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.equal(reported.length, 1);
+  assert.match(reported[0].error.message, /frame unavailable/);
+  assert.equal(imagery.state, Cesium.ImageryState.FAILED);
+  layer.destroy();
+});
+
+test('aborting the provider signal cancels tiles in flight and releases late pixels', async () => {
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  const gate = deferredTile();
+  let seen;
+  const provider = frameProvider(
+    ({ signal }) => {
+      seen = signal;
+      return gate.promise;
+    },
+    { signal: controller.signal },
+  );
+  const request = new Cesium.Request();
+  const pending = provider.requestImage(0, 0, 0, request);
+  assert.equal(seen.aborted, false);
+  controller.abort();
+  assert.equal(seen.aborted, true, 'the abort reaches the frame source');
+  const late = tilePixels();
+  gate.resolve(late);
+  await assert.rejects(pending, { name: 'AbortError' });
+  assert.equal(late.closes, 1);
+  assert.equal(
+    request.state,
+    Cesium.RequestState.CANCELLED,
+    'Cesium unloads a cancelled tile instead of failing it',
+  );
+  await assert.rejects(
+    provider.requestImage(1, 0, 0),
+    { name: 'AbortError' },
+    'a closed frame asks the source for nothing more',
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/weather/rendering.js b/src/layers/weather/rendering.js
index 629101693..d7c2527ab 100644
--- a/src/layers/weather/rendering.js
+++ b/src/layers/weather/rendering.js
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
-import { weatherTileUrl } from './source.js';
+import { weatherTileUrl, closeWeatherPixels } from './source.js';
 import { orderWeatherImagery } from './imageryOrder.js';
 import { imageryHostStatus } from './imageryHost.js';
-import { createRasterTileProvider } from './rasterTiles.js';
+import {
+  createRasterTileProvider,
+  createFrameTileProvider,
+} from './rasterTiles.js';
 import { createWeatherShell } from './shellRendering.js';
 import { weatherDisplay, escapeCreditText } from './display.js';
 import { msg } from '../../i18n/index.js';
@@ -30,6 +33,7 @@ function createGlobeRendering({
   fetchImpl,
   decodeImage,
   createCanvas,
+  frameSource,
 }) {
   let current = null;
   let incoming = null;
@@ -72,6 +76,7 @@ function createGlobeRendering({
       decodeImage,
       now,
       onFetched,
+      frameSource,
     });
     // An aborted decode may still finish; never repopulate a cleared instance.
     signal.throwIfAborted();
@@ -82,7 +87,8 @@ function createGlobeRendering({
     return { ...result, cached: false };
   }
 
-  function prefetchTiles(snapshot, time) {
+  /** Level 0–1 tiles of the visible product bounds, at most eight. */
+  function prefetchTiles(snapshot) {
     const { west, south, east, north } = snapshot.bounds;
     const bounds = cesium.Rectangle.fromDegrees(west, south, east, north);
     const view = viewer.camera?.computeViewRectangle?.(
@@ -93,10 +99,7 @@ function createGlobeRendering({
       : bounds;
     if (!coverage) return [];
     const scheme = new cesium.GeographicTilingScheme();
-    const template = weatherTileUrl(snapshot.product, time, {
-      size: profile(snapshot.product).tileSize,
-    });
-    const urls = [];
+    const tiles = [];
     for (let z = 0; z <= 1; z++) {
       for (let y = 0; y < scheme.getNumberOfYTilesAtLevel(z); y++) {
         for (let x = 0; x < scheme.getNumberOfXTilesAtLevel(z); x++) {
@@ -107,14 +110,39 @@ function createGlobeRendering({
             )
           )
             continue;
-          urls.push(
-            template.replace('{z}', z).replace('{x}', x).replace('{y}', y),
-          );
-          if (urls.length === MAX_PREFETCH_TILES) return urls;
+          tiles.push({ z, x, y });
+          if (tiles.length === MAX_PREFETCH_TILES) return tiles;
         }
       }
     }
-    return urls;
+    return tiles;
+  }
+  function tileUrls(snapshot, time, tiles) {
+    const template = weatherTileUrl(snapshot.product, time, {
+      size: profile(snapshot.product).tileSize,
+    });
+    return tiles.map(({ z, x, y }) =>
+      template.replace('{z}', z).replace('{x}', x).replace('{y}', y),
+    );
+  }
+  /** Warm tiles through the frame source; the pixels themselves are released. */
+  function prefetchFrameTiles(snapshot, time, tiles, signal) {
+    const size = profile(snapshot.product).tileSize;
+    return Promise.all(
+      tiles.map(async ({ z, x, y }) =>
+        closeWeatherPixels(
+          await frameSource.getTile({
+            product: snapshot.product,
+            time,
+            z,
+            x,
+            y,
+            size,
+            signal,
+          }),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
   }
 
   function creditText(snapshot) {
@@ -225,8 +253,14 @@ function createGlobeRendering({
         )
           return false;
         const global = snapshot.product === 'clouds';
-        const urls = global ? [] : prefetchTiles(snapshot, time);
-        const key = global ? `${time}|${infrared}` : urls.join('|');
+        const tiles = global ? [] : prefetchTiles(snapshot);
+        const supplied = !global && Boolean(frameSource?.getTile);
+        const urls = global || supplied ? [] : tileUrls(snapshot, time, tiles);
+        const key = global
+          ? `${time}|${infrared}`
+          : supplied
+            ? `${snapshot.product}|${time}|${tiles.map(({ z, x, y }) => `${z}/${x}/${y}`).join('|')}`
+            : urls.join('|');
         if (prefetchJob?.key === key || prefetchedKey === key) return false;
         cancelPrefetch();
         job = { key, controller: new AbortController() };
@@ -234,6 +268,8 @@ function createGlobeRendering({
         const { signal } = job.controller;
         job.timeout = setTimeout(() => job.controller.abort(), timeoutMs);
         if (global) await mosaic(time, infrared, signal);
+        else if (supplied)
+          await prefetchFrameTiles(snapshot, time, tiles, signal);
         else
           await Promise.all(
             urls.map(async (url) => {
@@ -396,18 +432,32 @@ function createGlobeRendering({
               credit,
               createCanvas,
             })
-          : new cesium.UrlTemplateImageryProvider({
-              url: weatherTileUrl(snapshot.product, time, {
-                size: nextProfile.tileSize,
-              }),
-              tilingScheme,
-              rectangle,
-              tileWidth: nextProfile.tileSize,
-              tileHeight: nextProfile.tileSize,
-              maximumLevel: nextProfile.maximumLevel,
-              enablePickFeatures: false,
-              credit,
-            });
+          : frameSource?.getTile
+            ? createFrameTileProvider({
+                cesium,
+                frameSource,
+                product: snapshot.product,
+                time,
+                tilingScheme,
+                rectangle,
+                maximumLevel: nextProfile.maximumLevel,
+                tileSize: nextProfile.tileSize,
+                credit,
+                createCanvas,
+                signal: frame.controller.signal,
+              })
+            : new cesium.UrlTemplateImageryProvider({
+                url: weatherTileUrl(snapshot.product, time, {
+                  size: nextProfile.tileSize,
+                }),
+                tilingScheme,
+                rectangle,
+                tileWidth: nextProfile.tileSize,
+                tileHeight: nextProfile.tileSize,
+                maximumLevel: nextProfile.maximumLevel,
+                enablePickFeatures: false,
+                credit,
+              });
         // Cesium reads a provider's credit every frame; a refreshed manifest
         // can replace it without restaging the imagery.
         Object.defineProperty(provider, 'credit', {
@@ -597,6 +647,7 @@ export function createWeatherRendering({
   decodeImage,
   createCanvas = () => document.createElement('canvas'),
   createShell = createWeatherShell,
+  frameSource = null,
 }) {
   const shared = {
     viewer,
@@ -608,6 +659,7 @@ export function createWeatherRendering({
     fetchImpl,
     decodeImage,
     createCanvas,
+    frameSource,
   };
   const globe = createGlobeRendering(shared);
   let shell = null;
diff --git a/src/layers/weather/shellRendering.js b/src/layers/weather/shellRendering.js
index 9def82c43..fdcb8ca3b 100644
--- a/src/layers/weather/shellRendering.js
+++ b/src/layers/weather/shellRendering.js
@@ -391,7 +391,8 @@ export function detailWindow(footprint, bounds, previous = null) {
 /** Observed weather on 3D Tiles: one raised shell per product and one
  * full-extent image per frame. The previous image stays until the next is ready.
  * Inside a window around the view the same surface samples a sharper image of
- * that area, so the two images share one mesh and never blend. */
+ * that area, so the two images share one mesh and never blend. A `frameSource`
+ * with `getImage` supplies both images, the detail window through its `bbox`. */
 export function createWeatherShell({
   viewer,
   cesium,
@@ -405,6 +406,7 @@ export function createWeatherShell({
   decodeImage,
   createCanvas = () => document.createElement('canvas'),
   cacheBytes = WEATHER_SHELL_CACHE_BYTES,
+  frameSource = null,
 }) {
   if (!Object.hasOwn(WEATHER_IMAGE_SIZES, product))
     throw new TypeError('Unknown weather product');
@@ -475,6 +477,7 @@ export function createWeatherShell({
       decodeImage,
       now,
       onFetched,
+      frameSource,
     });
     // An aborted decode may still finish; never repopulate a cleared instance.
     signal.throwIfAborted();
diff --git a/src/layers/weather/shellRendering.test.mjs b/src/layers/weather/shellRendering.test.mjs
index ad65dcef2..f756fd7b9 100644
--- a/src/layers/weather/shellRendering.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/weather/shellRendering.test.mjs
@@ -1502,3 +1502,101 @@ test('global infrared keeps one full-extent image; detail images halve for small
   });
   small.shell.clear();
 });
+
+test('a frame source supplies the full-extent and detail images, the detail through its bbox', async () => {
+  const view = camera(-100, 35, -98, 36);
+  const requests = [];
+  const supplied = [];
+  const h = harness({
+    camera: view,
+    fetchImpl: () => assert.fail('supplied images are not fetched'),
+    decodeImage: () => assert.fail('supplied images are not decoded'),
+    frameSource: {
+      getImage: async (request) => {
+        requests.push(request);
+        const image = {
+          ...request.size,
+          closed: 0,
+          close() {
+            this.closed++;
+          },
+        };
+        supplied.push(image);
+        return image;
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const pending = h.shell.setFrame(snapshot(), times[0]);
+  await flush();
+  h.render();
+  assert.equal(await pending, true);
+  await flush();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    requests.map(({ product, time, size, bbox }) => ({
+      product,
+      time,
+      size,
+      bbox,
+    })),
+    [
+      {
+        product: 'radar',
+        time: times[0],
+        size: { width: 4096, height: 2048 },
+        bbox: null,
+      },
+      {
+        product: 'radar',
+        time: times[0],
+        size: { width: 4096, height: 2048 },
+        bbox: box(-102, 34, -96, 37),
+      },
+    ],
+  );
+  assert.ok(supplied.every(({ closed }) => closed === 1));
+  const [shell] = h.primitives();
+  const { uniforms } = shell.appearance.material;
+  assert.equal(uniforms.image.source, supplied[0]);
+  assert.equal(uniforms.detail.source, supplied[1]);
+  h.render();
+  assert.deepEqual(windowOf(shell), windowFor(box(-102, 34, -96, 37)));
+  h.shell.clear();
+});
+
+test('cancelling a supplied frame aborts the frame source request', async () => {
+  const gate = deferred();
+  let signal;
+  const h = harness({
+    frameSource: {
+      getImage: (request) => {
+        signal = request.signal;
+        return gate.promise;
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const abort = new AbortController();
+  const pending = h.shell.setFrame(snapshot(), times[0], {
+    signal: abort.signal,
+  });
+  await flush();
+  abort.abort();
+  assert.equal(signal.aborted, true);
+  assert.equal(await pending, false);
+  const late = {
+    width: 4096,
+    height: 2048,
+    closed: 0,
+    close() {
+      this.closed++;
+    },
+  };
+  gate.resolve(late);
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(
+    late.closed,
+    1,
+    'a frame arriving after cancellation is released',
+  );
+  assert.equal(h.primitives().length, 0);
+  h.shell.clear();
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/weather/source.js b/src/layers/weather/source.js
index 5386bfad7..276e9bf2e 100644
--- a/src/layers/weather/source.js
+++ b/src/layers/weather/source.js
@@ -104,6 +104,75 @@ export function weatherTileUrl(product, time, { size } = {}) {
   return `/api/weather/tile?product=${product}&time=${encodeURIComponent(time)}&z={z}&x={x}&y={y}${size === undefined ? '' : `&size=${size}`}`;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Decoded pixels a host hands the weather layer. The layer takes ownership:
+ * it draws them once and closes a VideoFrame or ImageBitmap afterwards, so a
+ * host returns a fresh object for every call.
+ * @typedef {ImageBitmap|ImageData|HTMLCanvasElement|OffscreenCanvas|VideoFrame} WeatherPixels
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A weather feed may also be a frame source: a host can supply decoded frames
+ * in place of the bounded image and tile routes. Both methods are optional and
+ * independent; a product or path without one keeps the routes.
+ *
+ * `getFrameImage` returns one image exactly `size` pixels, covering the
+ * product's whole extent, or with `bbox` ({ west, south, east, north }
+ * degrees) a detail window of it. `getFrameTile` returns one `size`-pixel tile
+ * of the geographic tiling scheme, or null for a transparent tile. Rows run
+ * top-down (north first), as an image does. Both honour `signal`.
+ * @typedef {object} WeatherFrameFeed
+ * @property {(request: { product: string, time: string,
+ *   size: { width: number, height: number },
+ *   bbox: { west: number, south: number, east: number, north: number } | null,
+ *   signal: AbortSignal }) => Promise<WeatherPixels>} [getFrameImage]
+ * @property {(request: { product: string, time: string, z: number, x: number,
+ *   y: number, size: number, signal: AbortSignal })
+ *   => Promise<WeatherPixels | null>} [getFrameTile]
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The frame source a feed provides, or null when it has neither method. A
+ * missing method is left undefined, so that path keeps the routes.
+ * @param {WeatherFrameFeed | undefined} feed
+ * @returns {{ getImage?: Function, getTile?: Function } | null}
+ */
+export function weatherFrameSource(feed) {
+  const image = typeof feed?.getFrameImage === 'function';
+  const tile = typeof feed?.getFrameTile === 'function';
+  if (!image && !tile) return null;
+  return {
+    getImage: image
+      ? ({ product, time, size, bbox = null, signal }) =>
+          feed.getFrameImage({ product, time, size, bbox, signal })
+      : undefined,
+    getTile: tile
+      ? ({ product, time, z, x, y, size, signal }) =>
+          feed.getFrameTile({ product, time, z, x, y, size, signal })
+      : undefined,
+  };
+}
+
+/** Width and height of supplied pixels; a VideoFrame draws at its display size. */
+export function weatherPixelSize(pixels) {
+  return {
+    width: pixels?.displayWidth ?? pixels?.width,
+    height: pixels?.displayHeight ?? pixels?.height,
+  };
+}
+
+/** Draw supplied pixels at the canvas origin, at their own size. */
+export function drawWeatherPixels(context, pixels) {
+  if (typeof ImageData !== 'undefined' && pixels instanceof ImageData)
+    context.putImageData(pixels, 0, 0);
+  else context.drawImage(pixels, 0, 0);
+}
+
+/** Release supplied pixels that hold decoder or GPU memory. */
+export function closeWeatherPixels(pixels) {
+  if (typeof pixels?.close === 'function') pixels.close();
+}
+
 /** Acquisition is lazy and shares the application's existing source contract. */
 export function createWeatherSource({
   fetchImpl = (...args) => globalThis.fetch(...args),
diff --git a/src/layers/weather/source.test.mjs b/src/layers/weather/source.test.mjs
index 83ab24e76..ff69fce2f 100644
--- a/src/layers/weather/source.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/weather/source.test.mjs
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ import {
   validateWeatherSnapshot,
   weatherImageUrl,
   weatherTileUrl,
+  weatherFrameSource,
+  weatherPixelSize,
+  drawWeatherPixels,
+  closeWeatherPixels,
   WEATHER_DETAIL_SIZE,
   WEATHER_IMAGE_SIZES,
 } from './source.js';
@@ -199,3 +203,103 @@ test('image frames are read through the bounded image route', async () => {
     /Weather image HTTP 409/,
   );
 });
+
+test('a feed without frame methods is no frame source', () => {
+  assert.equal(weatherFrameSource(undefined), null);
+  assert.equal(weatherFrameSource({ getSnapshot: async () => ({}) }), null);
+  assert.equal(weatherFrameSource({ getFrameImage: 'no' }), null);
+});
+
+test('a frame source forwards exactly the documented requests to its feed', async () => {
+  const calls = [];
+  const signal = new AbortController().signal;
+  const feed = {
+    getFrameImage: async (request) => {
+      calls.push(['image', request]);
+      return 'image';
+    },
+    getFrameTile: async (request) => {
+      calls.push(['tile', request]);
+      return null;
+    },
+  };
+  const source = weatherFrameSource(feed);
+  const size = { width: 4096, height: 2048 };
+  assert.equal(
+    await source.getImage({ product: 'radar', time: 't', size, signal }),
+    'image',
+  );
+  const bbox = { west: -102, south: 34, east: -96, north: 37 };
+  await source.getImage({ product: 'radar', time: 't', size, bbox, signal });
+  assert.equal(
+    await source.getTile({
+      product: 'lightning',
+      time: 't',
+      z: 1,
+      x: 2,
+      y: 0,
+      size: 256,
+      signal,
+      extra: true,
+    }),
+    null,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, [
+    ['image', { product: 'radar', time: 't', size, bbox: null, signal }],
+    ['image', { product: 'radar', time: 't', size, bbox, signal }],
+    [
+      'tile',
+      { product: 'lightning', time: 't', z: 1, x: 2, y: 0, size: 256, signal },
+    ],
+  ]);
+  const imagesOnly = weatherFrameSource({ getFrameImage: feed.getFrameImage });
+  assert.equal(typeof imagesOnly.getImage, 'function');
+  assert.equal(imagesOnly.getTile, undefined, 'tiles keep the tile route');
+  const tilesOnly = weatherFrameSource({ getFrameTile: feed.getFrameTile });
+  assert.equal(tilesOnly.getImage, undefined, 'images keep the image route');
+});
+
+test('supplied pixels report their drawn size, draw at the origin and close once', (t) => {
+  assert.deepEqual(weatherPixelSize({ width: 4, height: 2 }), {
+    width: 4,
+    height: 2,
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    weatherPixelSize({
+      codedWidth: 8,
+      codedHeight: 8,
+      displayWidth: 4,
+      displayHeight: 2,
+    }),
+    { width: 4, height: 2 },
+    'a VideoFrame draws at its display size',
+  );
+  const had = Object.hasOwn(globalThis, 'ImageData');
+  const previous = globalThis.ImageData;
+  globalThis.ImageData = class ImageData {
+    width = 1;
+    height = 1;
+  };
+  t.after(() => {
+    if (had) globalThis.ImageData = previous;
+    else delete globalThis.ImageData;
+  });
+  const calls = [];
+  const context = {
+    drawImage: (...args) => calls.push(['drawImage', ...args]),
+    putImageData: (...args) => calls.push(['putImageData', ...args]),
+  };
+  const bitmap = { width: 1, height: 1 };
+  const data = new globalThis.ImageData();
+  drawWeatherPixels(context, bitmap);
+  drawWeatherPixels(context, data);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, [
+    ['drawImage', bitmap, 0, 0],
+    ['putImageData', data, 0, 0],
+  ]);
+  let closes = 0;
+  closeWeatherPixels({ close: () => closes++ });
+  closeWeatherPixels(data);
+  closeWeatherPixels(null);
+  assert.equal(closes, 1);
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/weather/weather.test.mjs b/src/layers/weather/weather.test.mjs
index a42485ed0..b86219ae4 100644
--- a/src/layers/weather/weather.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/weather/weather.test.mjs
@@ -2400,3 +2400,240 @@ test('disabled weather releases its camera listener and re-enabling binds only o
   h.layer.destroy();
   assert.equal(h.moveEnd.size, 0);
 });
+
+const suppliedTile = (size = 256) => ({
+  width: size,
+  height: size,
+  closes: 0,
+  close() {
+    this.closes++;
+  },
+});
+
+test('a frame source supplies regional tiles in place of the tile route, through the readiness wrapper', async () => {
+  let now = 0;
+  const requests = [];
+  const supplied = [];
+  const h = renderingHarness({
+    now: () => now,
+    fetchImpl: () => assert.fail('supplied tiles are not fetched'),
+    frameSource: {
+      getTile: async (request) => {
+        requests.push(request);
+        const tile = suppliedTile();
+        supplied.push(tile);
+        return tile;
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  h.viewer.scene.globe.tilesLoaded = false;
+  const loaded = h.rendering.setFrame(snapshot, times[0]);
+  assert.equal(h.providers.length, 1);
+  const [provider] = h.providers;
+  assert.equal(provider.options, undefined, 'no URL template provider');
+  assert.equal(provider.maximumLevel, 6);
+  const tile = await provider.requestImage(1, 0, 1, {});
+  assert.equal(tile.width, 256);
+  assert.equal(tile.source, supplied[0]);
+  assert.equal(supplied[0].closes, 1);
+  assert.equal(requests[0].product, 'radar');
+  assert.equal(requests[0].time, times[0]);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [requests[0].z, requests[0].x, requests[0].y, requests[0].size],
+    [1, 1, 0, 256],
+  );
+  assert.equal(h.rendering.getDiagnostics().loadedTiles, 1);
+  now = 500;
+  h.settle();
+  assert.equal(await loaded, true);
+
+  const gate = deferred();
+  let signal;
+  const next = renderingHarness({
+    frameSource: {
+      getTile: (request) => {
+        signal = request.signal;
+        return gate.promise;
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const staged = next.rendering.setFrame(snapshot, times[1]);
+  const pending = next.providers[0].requestImage(0, 0, 0, {});
+  next.rendering.clear();
+  assert.equal(signal.aborted, true, 'clearing a frame aborts its tiles');
+  const late = suppliedTile();
+  gate.resolve(late);
+  await assert.rejects(pending, { name: 'AbortError' });
+  assert.equal(late.closes, 1);
+  assert.equal(await staged, false);
+  h.rendering.clear();
+});
+
+test('a failed supplied tile fails the staged frame through errorEvent', async () => {
+  const h = renderingHarness({
+    frameSource: {
+      getTile: async () => {
+        throw new Error('frame unavailable');
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const staged = h.rendering.setFrame(snapshot, times[0]);
+  const [provider] = h.providers;
+  await assert.rejects(provider.requestImage(0, 0, 0, {}));
+  provider.errorEvent.raiseEvent({ x: 0, y: 0, level: 0, error: {} });
+  h.settle();
+  assert.equal(await staged, false);
+  assert.match(h.rendering.getDiagnostics().error, /Weather tiles unavailable/);
+  h.rendering.clear();
+});
+
+test('supplied regional infrared tiles are canvases, so they get the transfer without a flip', async () => {
+  const hadBitmap = Object.hasOwn(globalThis, 'ImageBitmap');
+  const previous = globalThis.ImageBitmap;
+  globalThis.ImageBitmap = class ImageBitmap {
+    width = 256;
+    height = 256;
+    close() {}
+  };
+  try {
+    const h = renderingHarness({
+      frameSource: { getTile: async () => new globalThis.ImageBitmap() },
+    });
+    void h.rendering.setFrame(
+      { ...snapshot, product: 'clouds-regional' },
+      times[0],
+    );
+    const tile = await h.providers[0].requestImage(0, 0, 0, {});
+    assert.equal(tile.drawnWith, null, 'drawn upright, not flipped');
+    assert.ok(tile.pixels, 'the infrared transfer ran');
+    const empty = renderingHarness({
+      frameSource: { getTile: async () => null },
+    });
+    void empty.rendering.setFrame(
+      { ...snapshot, product: 'clouds-regional' },
+      times[0],
+    );
+    const transparent = await empty.providers[0].requestImage(0, 0, 0, {});
+    assert.equal(transparent.width, 256, 'a null tile is still a canvas');
+    h.rendering.clear();
+    empty.rendering.clear();
+  } finally {
+    if (hadBitmap) globalThis.ImageBitmap = previous;
+    else delete globalThis.ImageBitmap;
+  }
+});
+
+test('tiled prefetch asks the frame source for the same level 0/1 tiles and releases them', async (t) => {
+  const requests = [];
+  const supplied = [];
+  const h = renderingHarness({
+    fetchImpl: () => assert.fail('supplied tiles are not fetched'),
+    frameSource: {
+      getTile: async (request) => {
+        requests.push(request);
+        if (request.z === 0) return null;
+        const tile = suppliedTile();
+        supplied.push(tile);
+        return tile;
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  t.after(() => h.rendering.clear());
+  h.viewer.camera = {
+    computeViewRectangle: () =>
+      Cesium.Rectangle.fromDegrees(-120, 25, -100, 50),
+  };
+  assert.equal(await h.rendering.prefetch(snapshot, times[1]), true);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    requests.map(({ product, time, z, x, y, size }) => [
+      product,
+      time,
+      z,
+      x,
+      y,
+      size,
+    ]),
+    [
+      ['radar', times[1], 0, 0, 0, 256],
+      ['radar', times[1], 1, 0, 0, 256],
+    ],
+  );
+  assert.ok(requests.every(({ signal }) => signal instanceof AbortSignal));
+  assert.equal(supplied[0].closes, 1);
+  assert.equal(
+    await h.rendering.prefetch(snapshot, times[1]),
+    false,
+    'same completed work is not repeated',
+  );
+  assert.equal(requests.length, 2);
+
+  const gate = deferred();
+  let signal;
+  const slow = renderingHarness({
+    frameSource: {
+      getTile: ({ signal: value }) => {
+        signal = value;
+        return gate.promise;
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  t.after(() => slow.rendering.clear());
+  slow.viewer.camera = h.viewer.camera;
+  const warm = slow.rendering.prefetch(snapshot, times[1]);
+  slow.rendering.cancelPrefetch();
+  assert.equal(signal.aborted, true, 'cancelling a prefetch aborts its tiles');
+  gate.resolve(null);
+  assert.equal(await warm, false);
+});
+
+test('the global mosaic comes from the frame source image when present', async (t) => {
+  const requests = [];
+  const h = renderingHarness({
+    fetchImpl: () => assert.fail('a supplied mosaic is not fetched'),
+    decodeImage: () => assert.fail('a supplied mosaic is not decoded'),
+    frameSource: {
+      getImage: async (request) => {
+        requests.push(request);
+        return { width: 2048, height: 1024, close() {} };
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  t.after(() => h.rendering.clear());
+  await showMosaic(h, times[0]);
+  assert.equal(requests.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(requests[0].product, 'clouds');
+  assert.deepEqual(requests[0].size, { width: 2048, height: 1024 });
+  assert.equal(requests[0].bbox, null);
+  assert.equal(h.rendering.getDiagnostics().mosaic.fetched, true);
+});
+
+test('the layer hands rendering a frame source only when its feed is one', () => {
+  const seen = [];
+  const createRendering = (args) => {
+    seen.push(args.frameSource);
+    return {
+      setAlpha() {},
+      rehome() {},
+      clear() {},
+      getDiagnostics: () => ({}),
+    };
+  };
+  const options = {
+    documentRef: target({ hidden: false }),
+    eventTarget: target(),
+    matchMedia: () => target({ matches: false }),
+    createRendering,
+  };
+  createWeatherLayer({
+    ...options,
+    feed: { getSnapshot: async () => snapshot },
+  }).init({});
+  const getFrameTile = async () => null;
+  createWeatherLayer({
+    ...options,
+    feed: { getSnapshot: async () => snapshot, getFrameTile },
+  }).init({});
+  assert.equal(seen[0], null);
+  assert.equal(typeof seen[1].getTile, 'function');
+  assert.equal(seen[1].getImage, undefined);
+});

From aa5c0fb5e3fe59fc0da0a622110ece93086cc27a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 21:54:27 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 169/181] docs(changelog): weather frame source (#1665)

---
 changelog.d/1665-weather-frame-source.md | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/1665-weather-frame-source.md

diff --git a/changelog.d/1665-weather-frame-source.md b/changelog.d/1665-weather-frame-source.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a14f1f01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1665-weather-frame-source.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+- A weather feed can supply decoded frames to the weather layers. With an
+  optional `getFrameImage` or `getFrameTile`, Core draws the images and tiles
+  the feed returns instead of reading the image and tile routes; a feed
+  without them is unchanged (samehkhamis, #1665).

From bc786f8c558c7baff281d37d46020576adba124a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 22:40:15 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 170/181] fix(news): Conflicts reports of the same time come in
 a fixed order

GDELT exports are read in parallel, so two reports with the same time
arrived in whichever order their exports finished, and the feed test that
pages through them failed now and then. Same-time reports now order by
most mentions, then by id.
---
 server/providers/news/keyed.js | 9 ++++++++-
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/server/providers/news/keyed.js b/server/providers/news/keyed.js
index 7bd5ca464..574e44e5b 100644
--- a/server/providers/news/keyed.js
+++ b/server/providers/news/keyed.js
@@ -642,9 +642,16 @@ export function createKeyedNews({
       await firstAnswer(inFlight.get('gdelt'));
     if (!current()) return { failed: true };
     const dayAgo = new Date(now() - DAY_MS).toISOString();
+    // Exports are read in parallel, so reports of one time arrive in any
+    // order: the most mentioned comes first, then by id.
     const reports = [...gdelt.reports.values()]
       .filter((r) => r.publishedAt >= dayAgo)
-      .sort((a, b) => b.publishedAt.localeCompare(a.publishedAt))
+      .sort(
+        (a, b) =>
+          b.publishedAt.localeCompare(a.publishedAt) ||
+          b.mentions - a.mentions ||
+          a.id.localeCompare(b.id),
+      )
       .slice(0, MAX_GDELT_REPORTS);
     if (reports.length !== gdelt.reports.size) {
       const kept = new Set(reports);

From 5b7e917f942474398a5974f9a5f6cf68b94e2a4c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said Turksever <asturksever@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 2026 08:55:55 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 171/181] Street Level: Hebrew strings for the
 show_street_level action

---
 src/i18n/locales/he.json | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/he.json b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
index b1c523a7a..b8de90c97 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/he.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
@@ -1051,6 +1051,7 @@
   "KartaView did not filter this area in time — move the map to ask again": "KartaView לא סינן את האזור בזמן — הזז את המפה כדי לשאול שוב",
   "None of KartaView’s photos here pass the imagery filter": "אף תמונת KartaView כאן לא עוברת את מסנן הצילומים",
   "KartaView did not answer in time — try again": "KartaView לא ענה בזמן — נסה שוב",
+  "Mapillary did not answer in time — try again": "Mapillary לא ענה בזמן — נסה שוב",
   "KartaView could not be reached — check the network": "KartaView לא נגיש — בדוק את הרשת",
   "KartaView sent an answer that could not be read": "KartaView שלח תשובה שלא ניתן לקרוא",
   "KartaView is rate-limiting requests": "KartaView מגביל את קצב הבקשות",
@@ -3292,6 +3293,16 @@
   "Refresh map still": "רענון תמונת המפה",
   "The map still uses a separate request and may show a different moment.": "תמונת המפה נשלפת בבקשה נפרדת ועשויה להראות רגע שונה.",
   "Video plays from Québec 511, which sees your IP address.": "הווידאו זורם מ-Québec 511, שרואה את כתובת ה-IP שלך.",
+  "Press OPEN to load the photo": "לחץ על פתח כדי לטעון את התמונה",
+  "Captured {month}": "צולם ב-{month}",
+  "this spot": "המקום הזה",
+  "the view centre": "מרכז התצוגה",
+  "{source} at {place}": "{source} ב-{place}",
+  "Street level at {place}": "רמת רחוב ב-{place}",
+  "Switching map": "מחליף מפה",
+  "Opening imagery": "פותח צילומים",
+  "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "Street View מוכן: לחץ על {open} כדי לטעון אותו",
+  "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "תמונות ברמת הרחוב מוסתרות בתצוגה הנוכחית. צא ממנה קודם.",
   "Ship bridge view": "תצוגת גשר האונייה",
   "Satellite orbital view": "התצוגה המסלולית של הלוויין",
   "Exit bridge view": "יציאה מתצוגת הגשר",

From e0fedc13dd6d4b5621606491098493b47fa7cc96 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said Turksever <asturksever@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 2026 09:21:06 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 172/181] Street Level: a link whose source has no working key
 says why

---
 changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md |  6 +--
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                 |  3 +-
 src/app/embed.js                      | 14 ++++++
 src/app/embed.test.mjs                | 61 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json              |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/de.json              |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/es.json              |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json              |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/he.json              |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/it.json              |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json              |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json              |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json              |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json              |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json           |  1 +
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json         |  1 +
 16 files changed, 90 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md b/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
index 89f47726e..523fe5773 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
   `sl=google` link never loads a billed panorama by itself: it arms Street
   View and leaves the load to OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW; embedded views open it,
   and so does the God's Eye View panel for a result issued in the last five
-  minutes. A request stops when the user navigates or hides the panel before
-  its photo loads; a new photo replaces the open one in place, so EXPAND
-  stays. When nothing is found and a 360°, flat or SINCE filter is on, the
+  minutes; a link whose source has no working key says so. A request stops
+  when the user navigates or hides the panel before its photo loads; a new
+  photo replaces the open one in place, so EXPAND stays. When nothing is found and a 360°, flat or SINCE filter is on, the
   answer names the filter. An unavailable map stack now reports the
   controller's own reason instead of always asking for a Cesium ion token
   (Said Turksever, @asturksever, #1113).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 1485104e4..0e92438e5 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5329,7 +5329,8 @@ and a plain link runs it once restored (one shot: the rewritten hash drops
   screen centre is within 1 km of it (`ARMED_REACH_M`) or cannot be picked; a
   sky centre refuses; any other lookup, open, close, disable, the source
   switched off or its map leaving drops it), opens the panel and shows a toast
-  pointing at OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW.
+  pointing at OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW. A link whose source has no working
+  key here changes nothing and says so in a toast (not in a frame).
 - **Who may open.** Posted views, and the panel page's own link (inline embed)
   for a tool result issued in the last 5 minutes, open the photo:
   `show_in_gods_eye_view` stamps a street-level result `issued_at`, every
diff --git a/src/app/embed.js b/src/app/embed.js
index ed196b0b6..04da9cbc4 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.js
+++ b/src/app/embed.js
@@ -207,6 +207,14 @@ function armedToast() {
   });
 }
 
+/** Why a link's photo stays shut: its source has no working key here. */
+function keyToast(result) {
+  return t(
+    "{source} cannot open this link's street-level photo without a working key",
+    { source: translateKnown(result.providerName || 'Street Level') },
+  );
+}
+
 /**
  * Make the app show a view: style and map, exactly the view's layers,
  * annotations, the camera, and the followed entity. Each step runs through the
@@ -378,6 +386,12 @@ export function installViews({
       streetLevelArgs(streetLevel, { autoOpen }),
       { origin: 'programmatic' },
     );
+    // A source without a working key changes nothing: say why, or the link
+    // looks broken. In a frame the host reads the result instead.
+    if (result?.stage === 'key' && !isEmbedded(location)) {
+      shell._showToast?.(keyToast(result));
+      return;
+    }
     // OPEN must be in view, but embed mode hides the rail that holds it: in
     // a frame a posted view is the way to open a photo.
     if (result?.armed === true && !isEmbedded(location)) {
diff --git a/src/app/embed.test.mjs b/src/app/embed.test.mjs
index d81831727..4fe754a92 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.test.mjs
+++ b/src/app/embed.test.mjs
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ test('a link to street-level photos opens them after it restores', async () => {
     [[], []],
     'an opened photo needs no toast or panel nudge',
   );
-  // A failure (no key) is not an armed state either.
+  // A failure (no key) is not an armed state either: it says why instead.
   const failed = recorder({
     show_street_level: () => ({
       ok: false,
@@ -542,7 +542,16 @@ test('a link to street-level photos opens them after it restores', async () => {
     windowRef: new EventTarget(),
   });
   await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
-  assert.deepEqual([toasts, panels], [[], []]);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [toasts, panels],
+    [
+      [
+        "Street Level cannot open this link's street-level photo without a working key",
+      ],
+      [],
+    ],
+    'it says why, and nothing to press opens',
+  );
 });
 
 test('a link that follows an entity keeps the camera: its photos are not opened', async () => {
@@ -592,6 +601,54 @@ test('a failing link step does not take the next one with it', async () => {
   assert.deepEqual(calls, ['annotate_map', 'show_street_level']);
 });
 
+test('a link whose source has no working key says why instead of doing nothing; a frame stays quiet', async () => {
+  for (const embed of [false, true]) {
+    const toasts = [];
+    const { calls, run } = recorder({
+      show_street_level: () => ({
+        ok: false,
+        stage: 'key',
+        provider: 'google',
+        providerName: 'Google Street View',
+        error: 'Google Street View needs its key',
+      }),
+    });
+    const windowRef = new EventTarget();
+    if (embed) {
+      windowRef.document = { body: { classList: { add() {} } } };
+      windowRef.parent = { postMessage() {} };
+    }
+    installViews({
+      shell: {
+        initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve(),
+        setCleanView() {},
+        _showToast: (text) => toasts.push(text),
+        setPanelCollapsed() {
+          throw new Error('nothing to arm');
+        },
+      },
+      viewer: fakeViewer(),
+      dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+      run,
+      location: {
+        search: embed ? '?embed=1' : '',
+        hash: '#v=2&lat=1&lon=2&map=photoreal&sl=google,38.57986,-121.49372',
+      },
+      windowRef,
+    });
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    assert.equal(calls[0][0], 'show_street_level');
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      toasts,
+      embed
+        ? []
+        : [
+            "Google Street View cannot open this link's street-level photo without a working key",
+          ],
+    );
+  }
+});
+
 test('a plain link never auto-loads a billed photo: it arms the panel and says so; an embedded view opens', async () => {
   const toasts = [];
   const panels = [];
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index 625089ce2..8b30df99a 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -3744,6 +3744,7 @@
   "Switching map": "جارٍ تبديل الخريطة",
   "Opening imagery": "جارٍ فتح الصور",
   "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "Street View جاهز: اضغط «{open}» لتحميله",
+  "{source} cannot open this link's street-level photo without a working key": "لا يمكن لـ {source} فتح صورة مستوى الشارع في هذا الرابط بدون مفتاح صالح",
   "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "صور مستوى الشارع مخفية في العرض الحالي. اخرج منه أولًا.",
   "STATIONS": "المحطات",
   "Crewed stations and the craft that visit them": "المحطات المأهولة والمركبات التي تزورها",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index 6fb789666..f5eb48d11 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -3420,6 +3420,7 @@
   "Switching map": "Karte wird gewechselt",
   "Opening imagery": "Bilder werden geöffnet",
   "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "Street View ist bereit: Auf {open} klicken, um es zu laden",
+  "{source} cannot open this link's street-level photo without a working key": "{source} kann das Straßenfoto dieses Links ohne gültigen Schlüssel nicht öffnen",
   "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "Fotos auf Straßenebene sind in dieser Ansicht ausgeblendet. Zuerst die Ansicht verlassen.",
   "STATIONS": "STATIONEN",
   "Crewed stations and the craft that visit them": "Bemannte Stationen und die Raumfahrzeuge, die sie anfliegen",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index 5be183101..c5018af73 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -3501,6 +3501,7 @@
   "Switching map": "Cambiando de mapa",
   "Opening imagery": "Abriendo imágenes",
   "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "Street View está listo: pulsa {open} para cargarlo",
+  "{source} cannot open this link's street-level photo without a working key": "{source} no puede abrir la foto a pie de calle de este enlace sin una clave válida",
   "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "Las fotos a pie de calle están ocultas en la vista actual. Sal de ella primero.",
   "STATIONS": "ESTACIONES",
   "Crewed stations and the craft that visit them": "Estaciones tripuladas y las naves que las visitan",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index f2b0e1f3e..e0a22f57f 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -3501,6 +3501,7 @@
   "Switching map": "Changement de carte",
   "Opening imagery": "Ouverture des images",
   "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "Street View est prêt : appuyez sur {open} pour le charger",
+  "{source} cannot open this link's street-level photo without a working key": "{source} ne peut pas ouvrir la photo au niveau de la rue de ce lien sans clé valide",
   "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "Les photos au niveau de la rue sont masquées dans la vue actuelle. Quittez-la d’abord.",
   "STATIONS": "STATIONS",
   "Crewed stations and the craft that visit them": "Stations habitées et les vaisseaux qui s'y rendent",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/he.json b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
index b8de90c97..1aaa9377a 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/he.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
@@ -3302,6 +3302,7 @@
   "Switching map": "מחליף מפה",
   "Opening imagery": "פותח צילומים",
   "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "Street View מוכן: לחץ על {open} כדי לטעון אותו",
+  "{source} cannot open this link's street-level photo without a working key": "{source} לא יכול לפתוח את תמונת רמת הרחוב של הקישור הזה בלי מפתח תקף",
   "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "תמונות ברמת הרחוב מוסתרות בתצוגה הנוכחית. צא ממנה קודם.",
   "Ship bridge view": "תצוגת גשר האונייה",
   "Satellite orbital view": "התצוגה המסלולית של הלוויין",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index 850b4d032..d3f081052 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -3501,6 +3501,7 @@
   "Switching map": "Cambio mappa",
   "Opening imagery": "Apertura delle immagini",
   "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "Street View è pronto: premi {open} per caricarlo",
+  "{source} cannot open this link's street-level photo without a working key": "{source} non può aprire la foto a livello stradale di questo link senza una chiave valida",
   "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "Le foto a livello stradale sono nascoste nella vista attuale. Esci prima da questa vista.",
   "STATIONS": "STAZIONI",
   "Crewed stations and the craft that visit them": "Stazioni con equipaggio e i veicoli che le visitano",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index 7e7ec1495..97ad588ac 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -3339,6 +3339,7 @@
   "Switching map": "地図を切り替え中",
   "Opening imagery": "画像を開いています",
   "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "ストリートビューの準備ができました：{open} を押して読み込みます",
+  "{source} cannot open this link's street-level photo without a working key": "{source} は有効なキーがないため、このリンクのストリートレベル写真を開けません",
   "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "現在の表示ではストリートレベルの写真は非表示です。先にこの表示を終了してください。",
   "STATIONS": "ステーション",
   "Crewed stations and the craft that visit them": "有人宇宙ステーションと、そこを訪れる宇宙機",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index 50de8251b..9895adb6d 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -3501,6 +3501,7 @@
   "Switching map": "Mudando de mapa",
   "Opening imagery": "Abrindo imagens",
   "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "O Street View está pronto: clique em {open} para carregar",
+  "{source} cannot open this link's street-level photo without a working key": "{source} não pode abrir a foto ao nível da rua deste link sem uma chave válida",
   "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "As fotos ao nível da rua estão ocultas na vista atual. Saia dela primeiro.",
   "STATIONS": "ESTAÇÕES",
   "Crewed stations and the craft that visit them": "Estações tripuladas e as naves que as visitam",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index 78865e65b..46e8ad63a 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -3582,6 +3582,7 @@
   "Switching map": "Смена карты",
   "Opening imagery": "Открытие снимков",
   "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "Просмотр улиц готов: нажмите {open}, чтобы загрузить",
+  "{source} cannot open this link's street-level photo without a working key": "{source} не может открыть уличное фото по этой ссылке без рабочего ключа",
   "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "Уличные снимки скрыты в текущем режиме. Сначала выйдите из него.",
   "STATIONS": "СТАНЦИИ",
   "Crewed stations and the craft that visit them": "Пилотируемые станции и прилетающие к ним корабли",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index 23454af62..a0ff6bce7 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -3582,6 +3582,7 @@
   "Switching map": "Перемикання карти",
   "Opening imagery": "Відкриття знімків",
   "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "Перегляд вулиць готовий: натисніть {open}, щоб завантажити",
+  "{source} cannot open this link's street-level photo without a working key": "{source} не може відкрити вуличне фото за цим посиланням без робочого ключа",
   "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "Вуличні знімки приховані в поточному режимі. Спершу вийдіть із нього.",
   "STATIONS": "СТАНЦІЇ",
   "Crewed stations and the craft that visit them": "Пілотовані станції та кораблі, що до них прилітають",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index 3e17fa256..3bd7c0bbd 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -3339,6 +3339,7 @@
   "Switching map": "正在切换地图",
   "Opening imagery": "正在打开影像",
   "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "街景已就绪：按 {open} 加载",
+  "{source} cannot open this link's street-level photo without a working key": "没有有效密钥，{source} 无法打开此链接的街景照片",
   "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "当前视图隐藏了街景照片。请先退出该视图。",
   "STATIONS": "空间站",
   "Crewed stations and the craft that visit them": "载人空间站及来访飞行器",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index 4d45b08fd..3fcd98932 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -3339,6 +3339,7 @@
   "Switching map": "正在切換地圖",
   "Opening imagery": "正在打開影像",
   "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "街景已就緒：按 {open} 載入",
+  "{source} cannot open this link's street-level photo without a working key": "沒有有效金鑰，{source} 無法開啟此連結的街景照片",
   "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "目前的檢視隱藏了街景照片。請先離開此檢視。",
   "STATIONS": "太空站",
   "Crewed stations and the craft that visit them": "載人太空站及來訪飛行器",

From e91e5a9da9f6528ef9972e5c37c2d5ddc1ad3166 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 2026 13:37:26 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 173/181] i18n(sv): apply the second translation review
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- The cloud brightness key is a filter, not a brightness scale.
- Counted lines without a plural form read "label: count", so 1 agrees.
- Fire confidence is «tillförlitlighet», not «säkerhet».
- Agreement with «flöde» and «luftfartyg»; course on the tracking line is
  «FÄRDRIKTNING», which fits both aircraft and ships.
- Wildlife is «Artobservationer», since the layer also shows plants and fungi.
- Bridge readouts are nouns (BLICK, ÖGONHÖJD), cockpit key hints share one
  verb form, tool names in pointer messages are quoted, and «jfr» replaces
  «jmf.»; the guide's example follows.
- Smaller wording and consistency fixes across the catalog.
---
 docs/translations/sv.md  |   2 +-
 src/i18n/locales/sv.json | 126 +++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 2 files changed, 64 insertions(+), 64 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/translations/sv.md b/docs/translations/sv.md
index 12d3a8b80..39d7d5aeb 100644
--- a/docs/translations/sv.md
+++ b/docs/translations/sv.md
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Translation source: [God's Eye View Sverige](https://github.com/Kajjan7610/Gods-
 - Actions and hints use the imperative without a pronoun: «Försök igen», «Klicka på en kamera för att aktivera den», «Välj en tagning först», «Tillåt mikrofonen och försök igen». Avoid «du»/«ni»; "your" becomes «egen» or is left out: «Egen RTL-SDR-mottagare», «Stationen ser din IP-adress» only where a person must be addressed.
 - Sentence case, not Title Case: "Live Flights" → «Liveflyg», "Provider Settings" → «Leverantörsinställningar». UPPERCASE English stays UPPERCASE: «LIVEDATA AV», NOT AN ALL-CLEAR → «INTE FARA ÖVER».
 - Compounds are written as one word, with a hyphen after a name, code or abbreviation: «datalager», «väderrutor», «TomTom-nyckel», «AIS-fartyg», «Street View-reserv». Never split a compound with a space.
-- Short labels, chips and HUD readouts stay short; use a standard abbreviation with a period over a wrapped line: RÄCKV., HAST., NEDERB., ÖVR., MEDD., FÖRST., JMF., KAL.
+- Short labels, chips and HUD readouts stay short; use a standard abbreviation with a period over a wrapped line: RÄCKV., HAST., NEDERB., ÖVR., MEDD., FÖRST., KAL. «Jämför» is JFR, without a period.
 - The avionics codes HDG, BRG, CRS, DEST, SPD, ALT, GS, TRK, V/S, FOV and SQUAWK stay in English, as in the cockpit. Words in a sentence are translated: heading → «kurs», bearing → «bäring», range → «räckvidd».
 - A dash between clauses is a spaced en dash « – ». Quotes are ”…” (Swedish closing quotes on both sides).
 - Status and waiting messages: «Väntar på uppdatering», «Laddar …». Reasons after a dash stay lower case: «Scenen sparades inte – projektet är större än 5 MiB».
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/sv.json b/src/i18n/locales/sv.json
index 081afdf7d..014c6e5e1 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/sv.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/sv.json
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
   "LAW ENFORCE": "POLIS",
   "MEDICAL": "SJUKTRANSPORT",
   "HIGH-SPEED": "SNABBGÅENDE",
-  "PASSENGER": "PASSAGERARE",
+  "PASSENGER": "PASSAGERARFARTYG",
   "CARGO": "LASTFARTYG",
   "TANKER": "TANKFARTYG",
   "OTHER": "ÖVRIGT",
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
   "Opening space missions…": "Öppnar rymduppdrag …",
   "Scanning active events…": "Söker efter aktiva händelser …",
   "Live earthquakes and active fires, from USGS and NASA": "Jordbävningar och aktiva bränder i realtid, från USGS och NASA",
-  "It feels like a forbidden cockpit—then you realize the sources are public and the data is real.": "Det känns som en förbjuden cockpit – tills man inser att källorna är offentliga och att datan är äkta.",
+  "It feels like a forbidden cockpit—then you realize the sources are public and the data is real.": "Det känns som en förbjuden cockpit – tills man inser att källorna är offentliga och att uppgifterna är äkta.",
   "Working…": "Arbetar …",
   "Could not open that mission{detail}. Retry or explore manually.": "Det gick inte att öppna uppdraget{detail}. Försök igen eller utforska manuellt.",
   "This browser is blocking storage, so that could not be saved.": "Webbläsaren blockerar lagring, så det gick inte att spara.",
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
   "Military flights": "Militärflyg",
   "AIS vessels": "AIS-fartyg",
   "Mapped installations": "Kartlagda anläggningar",
-  "syncing {count} city feeds...": "synkar {count} stadsflöden …",
+  "syncing {count} city feeds...": "synkar stadsflöden: {count} …",
   "scanning nearby systems...": "söker efter system i närheten …",
   "Station {id}": "Station {id}",
   "Station": "Station",
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
   "SRC {value}": "KÄLLA {value}",
   "{value} CONTEXT": "KONTEXT {value}",
   "Focus fire detection {title}, {details}": "Fokusera på branddetektering {title}, {details}",
-  "{value} conf": "{value} säkerhet",
+  "{value} conf": "{value} tillförlitlighet",
   "{value} ago": "{value} sedan",
   "sensor n/a": "sensor saknas",
   "FIRE · {frp} MW": "BRAND · {frp} MW",
@@ -177,12 +177,12 @@
   "ORBIT REPLAY · {mission}": "UPPSPELNING AV OMLOPPSBANA · {mission}",
   "PAUSED · {title}": "PAUSAD · {title}",
   "UNSPECIFIED": "EJ ANGIVET",
-  "+{count} additional payload records": "+{count} ytterligare nyttolastposter",
+  "+{count} additional payload records": "Ytterligare nyttolastposter: +{count}",
   "PAYLOAD DATA UNAVAILABLE": "NYTTOLASTDATA SAKNAS",
   "{value} KM DOWNRANGE": "{value} KM MARKAVSTÅND",
   "POSITION UNAVAILABLE": "POSITION SAKNAS",
   "FLIGHT {count}": "FLYGNING {count}",
-  "REUSED": "ÅTERANVÄND",
+  "REUSED": "ÅTERANVÄNT",
   "NO STAGE RE-ENTRY / RECOVERY DATA": "INGA DATA OM ÅTERINTRÄDE / BÄRGNING AV STEG",
   "{count} / 30D": "{count} / 30 D",
   "NO MISSIONS AVAILABLE IN THE CURRENT 30-DAY WINDOW": "INGA UPPDRAG I AKTUELLT 30-DAGARSFÖNSTER",
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@
   "FINAL POSITION": "SLUTPOSITION",
   "REPLAY SPEED": "UPPSPELNINGSHAST.",
   "Replay speed multiplier": "Faktor för uppspelningshastighet",
-  "REPLAY ASCENT": "SPELA UPP STARTEN",
+  "REPLAY ASCENT": "SPELA UPP UPPSTIGNINGEN",
   "Previous mission": "Föregående uppdrag",
   "PREV": "FÖRRA",
   "Next mission": "Nästa uppdrag",
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@
   "Copy failed": "Kunde inte kopiera",
   "CCTV calibration saved": "CCTV-kalibreringen sparades",
   "CCTV calibration reset": "CCTV-kalibreringen återställdes",
-  "ADJUST ON": "JUSTERA PÅ",
+  "ADJUST ON": "JUSTERING PÅ",
   "ADJUST": "JUSTERA",
   "UNKNOWN": "OKÄND",
   "ERROR": "FEL",
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@
   "Thermal": "Värmekamera",
   "Anime": "Anime",
   "Noir": "Noir",
-  "Current cockpit vision style: {style}. Activate for next style.": "Aktuell visningsstil i cockpit: {style}. Aktivera för nästa stil.",
+  "Current cockpit vision style: {style}. Activate for next style.": "Aktuell bildstil i cockpit: {style}. Aktivera för nästa stil.",
   "Current style: {style} — click for next": "Aktuell stil: {style} – klicka för nästa",
   "Collapse Contact panel": "Fäll ihop kontaktpanelen",
   "Expand Contact panel": "Fäll ut kontaktpanelen",
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@
   "Restore real aircraft": "Återställ verkligt flygplan",
   "Reclassify as TR-3B": "Klassa om som TR-3B",
   "TRACK ACQUIRED": "SPÅR LÅST",
-  "{label} · COURSE {heading}°": "{label} · KURS Ö. GRUND {heading}°",
+  "{label} · COURSE {heading}°": "{label} · FÄRDRIKTNING {heading}°",
   "Context could not restore every layer; try again": "Läget ”Kontext” kunde inte återställa alla lager – försök igen",
   "No selected data layers": "Inga valda datalager",
   "{count} data layers could not be cleared": {
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@
   "PLAY": "SPELA",
   "selected": "vald",
   "nearest": "närmaste",
-  "{action} {target} radio station": "{action} {target} radiostation",
+  "{action} {target} radio station": "{action}: {target} radiostation",
   "SYNCING": "SYNKAR",
   "READY": "REDO",
   "station": "stationen",
@@ -870,13 +870,13 @@
   "Those points are in a line — move one off it to enclose an area.": "Punkterna ligger på en linje – flytta en av dem för att innesluta en yta.",
   "That line has no length — click somewhere further away.": "Linjen har ingen längd – klicka någonstans längre bort.",
   " · {max}-point limit reached": " · gränsen på {max} punkter är nådd",
-  "{measure} · double-click or Enter to finish, Backspace undoes, Esc cancels.{full}": "{measure} · dubbelklicka eller tryck Enter för att avsluta, Backsteg ångrar, Esc avbryter.{full}",
+  "{measure} · double-click or Enter to finish, Backspace undoes, Esc cancels.{full}": "{measure} · dubbelklicka eller tryck på Enter för att avsluta, Backsteg ångrar, Esc avbryter.{full}",
   "That shape already has {count} points — finish it or press Backspace.": "Formen har redan {count} punkter – avsluta den eller tryck på Backsteg.",
   "That point is off the globe — click on the world.": "Punkten ligger utanför globen – klicka på jorden.",
   "That shape could not be placed.": "Formen kunde inte placeras.",
   "Could not place the shape: {error}": "Kunde inte placera formen: {error}",
   "Board cleared.": "Ritytan rensad.",
-  "{owner} is using the pointer — close it first.": "Pekaren används av {owner} – stäng det verktyget först.",
+  "{owner} is using the pointer — close it first.": "Verktyget ”{owner}” använder pekaren – stäng det först.",
   "{label} · Detailed outline unavailable": "{label} · Detaljerad kontur otillgänglig",
   "Space Missions isolates replay data. Exit the mode to enable {layer}.": "Läget ”Rymduppdrag” isolerar uppspelningsdata. Lämna läget för att aktivera {layer}.",
   "Data attribution": "Datakällor",
@@ -917,7 +917,7 @@
   "Mailung / Upper Trishuli bridge": "Mailung / bron över Upper Trishuli",
   "Dandagaun viewpoint restaurant": "Utsiktsrestaurangen i Dandagaun",
   "Dandagaun viewpoint": "Utsiktspunkten Dandagaun",
-  "Bidur - Trishuli bridge": "Bidur - Trishulibron",
+  "Bidur - Trishuli bridge": "Bidur – Trishulibron",
   "Bidur bridge": "Bron vid Bidur",
   "Devighat / Taadi Khola Bridge": "Devighat / Taadi Khola-bron",
   "Devighat bridge": "Bron vid Devighat",
@@ -939,7 +939,7 @@
   "FACEBOOK · PROVIDER CONTROLS": "FACEBOOK · PLATTFORMENS REGLAGE",
   "Facebook embed unavailable": "Facebook-inbäddning otillgänglig",
   "AUTOPLAY BLOCKED · USE PROVIDER CONTROLS": "AUTOUPPSPELNING BLOCKERAD · ANVÄND PLATTFORMENS REGLAGE",
-  "Embedded {provider} media for {source}": "Inbäddad media från {provider} för {source}",
+  "Embedded {provider} media for {source}": "Inbäddat medieinnehåll från {provider} för {source}",
   "witness source": "ögonvittneskälla",
   "Witness source": "Ögonvittneskälla",
   "{provider} · EMBEDDED SOURCE": "{provider} · INBÄDDAD KÄLLA",
@@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@
   "NEPAL SCENE CLOCK": "SCENKLOCKA NEPAL",
   "… PLAYING SHOT": "… SPELAR TAGNING",
   "▶ PLAY SHOT": "▶ SPELA TAGNING",
-  "Ⅱ PAUSE": "Ⅱ PAUS",
+  "Ⅱ PAUSE": "Ⅱ PAUSA",
   "↺ REPLAY CINEMATIC": "↺ SPELA FILMLÄGET IGEN",
   "↺ REPLAY": "↺ SPELA IGEN",
   "… PLAYING SCENE": "… SPELAR SCEN",
@@ -1484,7 +1484,7 @@
   "Unknown": "Okänd",
   "Selected Space Mission": "Valt rymduppdrag",
   "Malformed launch snapshot": "Felformaterad ögonblicksbild av uppskjutningar",
-  "Heard by your receiver": "Hörd av den egna mottagaren",
+  "Heard by your receiver": "Hört av den egna mottagaren",
   "1090 MHz": "1090 MHz",
   "978 MHz UAT": "978 MHz UAT",
   "browser SDR": "SDR i webbläsaren",
@@ -1610,7 +1610,7 @@
   "The Google Maps JavaScript API could not load": "Google Maps JavaScript API kunde inte laddas",
   "Google Street View": "Google Street View",
   "GOOGLE STREET VIEW": "GOOGLE STREET VIEW",
-  "Google refused GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY for Street View — check that the Maps JavaScript API is enabled for it and this site is an allowed referrer": "Google avvisade GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY för Street View – kontrollera att Maps JavaScript API är aktiverat för nyckeln och att den här webbplatsen är en tillåten referent",
+  "Google refused GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY for Street View — check that the Maps JavaScript API is enabled for it and this site is an allowed referrer": "Google avvisade GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY för Street View – kontrollera att Maps JavaScript API är aktiverat för nyckeln och att den här webbplatsen finns bland nyckelns tillåtna HTTP-hänvisningsadresser",
   "Street View did not answer — check the network, and that the Maps JavaScript API is enabled for GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY": "Street View svarade inte – kontrollera nätverket och att Maps JavaScript API är aktiverat för GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY",
   "click a street to open Street View": "klicka på en gata för att öppna Street View",
   "Street View has no imagery for this place": "Street View har inga bilder för den här platsen",
@@ -1782,7 +1782,7 @@
   "Hourly global mosaic; usually 2–3 hours delayed": "Global mosaik varje timme; vanligtvis 2–3 timmars fördröjning",
   "GOES regional clouds; approximately 5-minute updates": "Regionala GOES-molnbilder; uppdateras ungefär var 5:e minut",
   "Clouds only": "Endast moln",
-  "Apply the full cloud brightness key; 100% filter strength": "Använd hela ljusstyrkeskalan för moln; filterstyrka 100 %",
+  "Apply the full cloud brightness key; 100% filter strength": "Använd ljusstyrkefiltret för moln fullt ut; filterstyrka 100 %",
   "Full": "Hel bild",
   "Show the complete infrared image; 0% filter strength": "Visa hela den infraröda bilden; filterstyrka 0 %",
   "Soft": "Svag",
@@ -1797,7 +1797,7 @@
   "Map center is outside source coverage": "Kartmitten ligger utanför källans täckning",
   "NOAA/NWS 15-minute lightning density derived from Vaisala NLDN/GLD360. Coverage 110°E across the Pacific/Americas to 0°, 25°S–80°N. Not a live strike count, global coverage or a safety warning.": "Blixttäthet över 15 minuter från NOAA/NWS, härledd från Vaisala NLDN/GLD360. Täckning från 110° O över Stilla havet/Amerika till 0°, 25° S–80° N. Ingen liveräkning av nedslag, ingen global täckning och ingen säkerhetsvarning.",
   "NOAA MRMS radar echoes indicate precipitation patterns, not rain rate, a storm warning or a future forecast. Native source approximately 1 km; display is limited to level 6. Frames use exact advertised observation times.": "Radarekon från NOAA MRMS visar nederbördsmönster, inte regnintensitet, ovädersvarning eller prognos. Källans egen upplösning är ungefär 1 km; visningen är begränsad till nivå 6. Bildrutorna använder exakt angivna observationstider.",
-  "GOES-19/18 longwave infrared Band 14 regional; NESDIS global longwave mosaic. Clouds only dims everything but bright, cold cloud tops; a brightness filter, not a cloud mask. Coverage and freshness differ by region.": "Regionalt: långvågig infraröd från GOES-19/18, band 14; globalt: långvågig mosaik från NESDIS. ”Endast moln” dämpar allt utom ljusa, kalla molntoppar; ett ljusstyrkefilter, inte en molnmask. Täckning och aktualitet varierar mellan regioner.",
+  "GOES-19/18 longwave infrared Band 14 regional; NESDIS global longwave mosaic. Clouds only dims everything but bright, cold cloud tops; a brightness filter, not a cloud mask. Coverage and freshness differ by region.": "Regionalt: långvågigt infrarött från GOES-19/18, band 14; globalt: långvågig IR-mosaik från NESDIS. ”Endast moln” dämpar allt utom ljusa, kalla molntoppar; ett ljusstyrkefilter, inte en molnmask. Täckning och aktualitet varierar mellan regioner.",
   "REGION": "REGION",
   "IMAGE": "BILD",
   "FILTER": "FILTER",
@@ -1807,7 +1807,7 @@
   "Weather prefetch unavailable": "Förhämtning av väder otillgänglig",
   "Weather tiles unavailable · previous frame retained": "Väderrutor otillgängliga · föregående bildruta behålls",
   "Some weather tiles unavailable": "Vissa väderrutor otillgängliga",
-  "Malformed weather manifest": "Felaktigt vädermanifest",
+  "Malformed weather manifest": "Felformaterat vädermanifest",
   "Weather request timed out": "Väderförfrågan överskred tidsgränsen",
   "Temperature field unavailable": "Temperaturfält otillgängligt",
   "Mean sea level pressure field unavailable": "Fält för lufttryck vid havsytan otillgängligt",
@@ -1883,8 +1883,8 @@
   "Unknown wind model": "Okänd vindmodell",
   "Unknown weather overlay": "Okänt väderöverlägg",
   "Wind request timed out": "Vindförfrågan överskred tidsgränsen",
-  "Malformed wind manifest": "Felaktigt vindmanifest",
-  "Malformed wind grid": "Felaktigt vindrutnät",
+  "Malformed wind manifest": "Felformaterat vindmanifest",
+  "Malformed wind grid": "Felformaterat vindrutnät",
   "Google 3D tiles unavailable — check the key's API restrictions, quota, or network": "Google 3D Tiles otillgängliga – kontrollera nyckelns API-begränsningar, kvot eller nätverk",
   "Needs {envVars} — add it in Provider Settings — or a Cesium ion token for the ion-hosted route": "Kräver {envVars} – lägg till under Leverantörsinställningar – eller en Cesium ion-token för varianten som ion är värd för",
   "Exit cockpit to fly to a camera": "Lämna cockpiten för att flyga till en kamera",
@@ -2176,9 +2176,9 @@
   "suspended": "pausat",
   "closed": "stängt",
   "feed status|live": "live",
-  "feed status|stale": "inaktuell",
+  "feed status|stale": "inaktuellt",
   "feed status|unreachable": "går inte att nå",
-  "feed status|invalid": "ogiltig",
+  "feed status|invalid": "ogiltigt",
   "waiting for IQ": "väntar på IQ",
   "{count} messages": {
     "one": "{count} meddelande",
@@ -2228,7 +2228,7 @@
   "CH {index} / {total}": "KAN. {index} / {total}",
   "Station unavailable after directory refresh": "Stationen är otillgänglig efter uppdatering av katalogen",
   "{category} ({count})": "{category} ({count})",
-  "PAUSE": "PAUS",
+  "PAUSE": "PAUSA",
   "RESUME": "FORTSÄTT",
   "Clear reading": "Rensa avläsningen",
   "Earlier observation": "Tidigare observation",
@@ -2241,10 +2241,10 @@
   "Point the camera at the ground to use the view": "Rikta kameran mot marken för att använda vyn",
   "That point cannot anchor a box": "Den punkten kan inte förankra ett område",
   "Imagery stops at ±{limit}° latitude": "Bilderna slutar vid ±{limit}° latitud",
-  "{owner} is using the pointer — close it first": "{owner} använder pekaren – stäng den först",
+  "{owner} is using the pointer — close it first": "Verktyget ”{owner}” använder pekaren – stäng det först",
   "Box is {size} wide · limit {limit}": "Området är {size} brett · gräns {limit}",
   "View is {size} wide · limit {limit}": "Vyn är {size} bred · gräns {limit}",
-  "VS BASEMAP": "JMF. KARTA",
+  "VS BASEMAP": "JFR KARTA",
   "A / B": "A / B",
   "Newest low-cloud day for this box · scene cloud, not box cloud": "Senaste dag med lite moln för området · scenens molnighet, inte områdets",
   "Newest day covering this box · cloudier than 20%": "Senaste dag som täcker området · mer än 20 % moln",
@@ -2299,13 +2299,13 @@
   "Show {day}": "Visa {day}",
   "pinned {slot}": "fäst som {slot}",
   "shown": "visas",
-  "preview": "förhandsvisning",
+  "preview": "förhandsvy",
   "start here": "börja här",
   "No box": "Inget område",
   "Searching": "Söker",
   "Every day is empty here": "Alla dagar saknar bilder här",
   "Sources off": "Källor av",
-  "VS": "JMF.",
+  "VS": "JFR",
   "Not set": "Inte vald",
   "Basemap": "Bakgrundskarta",
   "Source off": "Källa av",
@@ -2335,7 +2335,7 @@
   "{before} {left} percent, {after} {right} percent": "{before} {left} procent, {after} {right} procent",
   "Export failed · {error}": "Exporten misslyckades · {error}",
   "New scene name": "Namn på ny scen",
-  "Delete scene \"{scene}\" and all shots?": "Ta bort scenen ”{scene}” och alla tagningar?",
+  "Delete scene \"{scene}\" and all shots?": "Radera scenen ”{scene}” och alla tagningar?",
   "Stopped (Esc)": "Stoppad (Esc)",
   "No shots yet. Use CAPTURE SHOT to save current look.": "Inga tagningar än. Använd SPARA TAGNING för att spara nuvarande vy.",
   "Double-click to rename": "Dubbelklicka för att byta namn",
@@ -2367,7 +2367,7 @@
   "subject": "objekt",
   "RETRYING ALPR CAMERAS": "ALPR-KAMEROR: FÖRSÖKER IGEN",
   "FETCHING ALPR CAMERAS": "HÄMTAR ALPR-KAMEROR",
-  "OVERPASS TEMPORARILY UNAVAILABLE": "OVERPASS TILLFÄLLIGT OTILLGÄNGLIG",
+  "OVERPASS TEMPORARILY UNAVAILABLE": "OVERPASS TILLFÄLLIGT OTILLGÄNGLIGT",
   "OVERPASS RATE-LIMITED": "OVERPASS: FÖRFRÅGNINGSGRÄNS NÅDD",
   "OVERPASS TIMED OUT": "OVERPASS: TIDSGRÄNSEN ÖVERSKREDS",
   "OVERPASS COULD NOT COMPLETE THE QUERY": "OVERPASS KUNDE INTE SLUTFÖRA FRÅGAN",
@@ -2395,8 +2395,8 @@
   "{source} rate limited (anonymous)": "{source}: förfrågningsgräns nådd (anonym)",
   "{source} rate limited": "{source}: förfrågningsgräns nådd",
   "{source} network error": "{source}: nätverksfel",
-  "Malformed {source} aircraft rows": "Felaktiga luftfartygsrader från {source}",
-  "Malformed {source} response": "Felaktigt svar från {source}",
+  "Malformed {source} aircraft rows": "Felformaterade luftfartygsrader från {source}",
+  "Malformed {source} response": "Felformaterat svar från {source}",
   "entry {n}": "post {n}",
   "feeds {names} stale": {
     "one": "flödet {names} inaktuellt",
@@ -2554,7 +2554,7 @@
   "Gemini connection timed out. Try again.": "Tidsgränsen för Gemini-anslutningen överskreds. Försök igen.",
   "Gemini voice could not start": "Gemini-röststyrningen kunde inte starta",
   "Gemini did not finish the interrupted reply. Start voice again.": "Gemini slutförde inte det avbrutna svaret. Starta röststyrningen igen.",
-  "Gemini session expiring; finishing the current reply": "Gemini-sessionen löper snart ut – slutför det pågående svaret",
+  "Gemini session expiring; finishing the current reply": "Gemini-sessionen löper snart ut – det pågående svaret slutförs",
   "Gemini rejected the voice session. Start voice again to request a fresh session.": "Gemini avvisade röstsessionen. Starta röststyrningen igen för att begära en ny session.",
   "Start voice again for a fresh session credential. If it repeats, check Gemini model and API access.": "Starta röststyrningen igen för nya inloggningsuppgifter för sessionen. Om det upprepas, kontrollera Gemini-modellen och API-åtkomsten.",
   "Gemini action history is full. Start voice again for a fresh session.": "Gemini-åtgärdshistoriken är full. Starta röststyrningen igen för en ny session.",
@@ -2702,7 +2702,7 @@
   "No military within {radius} of the current view": "Inget militärflyg inom {radius} från aktuell vy",
   "No satellites within {radius} of the current view": "Inga satelliter inom {radius} från aktuell vy",
   "No vessels within {radius} of the current view": "Inga fartyg inom {radius} från aktuell vy",
-  "{layer} is enabled on the {source} feed, but no airborne aircraft is loaded in the {place} view yet": "{layer} är aktiverat med flödet {source}, men inget luftfartyg i luften har laddats i vyn över {place} än",
+  "{layer} is enabled on the {source} feed, but no airborne aircraft is loaded in the {place} view yet": "Lagret ”{layer}” är aktiverat med flödet {source}, men inga luftfartyg i luften har laddats i vyn över {place} ännu",
   "{layer} is enabled, but no airborne aircraft is loaded in the {place} view yet": "Lagret ”{layer}” är aktiverat, men inga luftfartyg i luften har laddats i vyn över {place} ännu",
   "{layer} is enabled, but its aircraft feed is unavailable": "Lagret ”{layer}” är aktiverat, men flödet med luftfartyg är otillgängligt",
   "{layer} is enabled, but its destination refresh did not complete": "Lagret ”{layer}” är aktiverat, men uppdateringen vid målet blev inte klar",
@@ -2775,7 +2775,7 @@
   "Adjust HUD": "Justera HUD",
   "Adjust cyber sonar": "Justera cybersonar",
   "Adjust detection overlay": "Justera detekteringsöverlägg",
-  "Change map stack": "Ändra kartstack",
+  "Change map stack": "Byt kartuppsättning",
   "Adjust post-processing": "Justera efterbehandling",
   "Control scene": "Styr scen",
   "Control CCTV": "Styr CCTV",
@@ -2832,7 +2832,7 @@
   "Cockpit briefing pages": "Genomgångssidor i cockpit",
   "SIG": "SIG",
   "LOCAL": "LOKALT",
-  "ESC EXIT": "ESC AVSLUTA",
+  "ESC EXIT": "ESC AVSLUTAR",
   "Active weather products": "Aktiva väderprodukter",
   "RECENT IMAGERY": "SENASTE BILDER",
   "Imagery days in the box": "Bilddagar i området",
@@ -2872,7 +2872,7 @@
   "Minimum opacity for map dots, icons, models, brackets, and labels between sonar passes": "Lägsta opacitet för kartpunkter, ikoner, modeller, ramar och etiketter mellan sonarsvepen",
   "Sector": "Sektor",
   "Sonar sector width": "Sonarsektorns bredd",
-  "Draw on the world — click vertices, double-click or Enter to finish, Esc to cancel": "Rita på världen – klicka ut hörnpunkter, dubbelklicka eller tryck Enter för att avsluta, Esc för att avbryta",
+  "Draw on the world — click vertices, double-click or Enter to finish, Esc to cancel": "Rita på världen – klicka ut hörnpunkter, dubbelklicka eller tryck på Enter för att avsluta, Esc för att avbryta",
   "Shape to draw": "Form att rita",
   "Area": "Område",
   "Line": "Linje",
@@ -2890,7 +2890,7 @@
   "Imported files": "Importerade filer",
   "ACQUIRING FRAME": "HÄMTAR BILDRUTA",
   "STREET LEVEL": "GATUNIVÅ",
-  "Turn Street Level on or off": "Slå på eller av Gatunivå",
+  "Turn Street Level on or off": "Slå på eller av ”Gatunivå”",
   "Show the street-level view full screen (Esc shrinks it)": "Visa gatunivåvyn i helskärm (Esc förminskar den)",
   "Image fit": "Bildanpassning",
   "FIT": "ANPASSA",
@@ -2909,11 +2909,11 @@
   "ALL": "ALLA",
   "FLAT": "PLATTA",
   "SINCE": "SEDAN",
-  "Toggle straight-down and tilted map views": "Växla mellan kartvy rakt uppifrån och lutad kartvy",
+  "Toggle straight-down and tilted map views": "Växla mellan vy rakt ovanifrån och snedvy",
   "Reset map to north up": "Återställ kartan med norr uppåt",
   "Reset map bearing to north": "Återställ kartans bäring till norr",
   "Cyclone request timed out": "Tidsgränsen för cyklonförfrågan överskreds",
-  "Malformed cyclone snapshot": "Felaktig ögonblicksbild av cykloner",
+  "Malformed cyclone snapshot": "Felformaterad ögonblicksbild av cykloner",
   "STALE · Roads: {source} · Flow: cached TomTom tiles": "INAKTUELL · Vägar: {source} · Trafikflöde: cachade TomTom-kartrutor",
   "routing busy — too many routes at once": "ruttplaneringen är upptagen – för många rutter samtidigt",
   "route proxy error": "fel i ruttproxyn",
@@ -2959,15 +2959,15 @@
   "fire confidence filter|All": "Alla",
   "fire confidence filter|Nominal+": "Normal+",
   "fire confidence filter|High": "Hög",
-  "Every detection — many of the strongest fires are rated low confidence": "Alla detekteringar – många av de kraftigaste bränderna har låg säkerhet",
-  "Nominal and high confidence detections": "Detekteringar med normal och hög säkerhet",
-  "High confidence detections only": "Bara detekteringar med hög säkerhet",
+  "Every detection — many of the strongest fires are rated low confidence": "Alla detekteringar – många av de kraftigaste bränderna har låg tillförlitlighet",
+  "Nominal and high confidence detections": "Detekteringar med normal och hög tillförlitlighet",
+  "High confidence detections only": "Bara detekteringar med hög tillförlitlighet",
   "Fire intensity (FRP)": "Brandintensitet (FRP)",
   "≥ {value} MW": "≥ {value} MW",
-  "Confidence": "Säkerhet",
+  "Confidence": "Tillförlitlighet",
   "Minimum fire radiative power, megawatts": "Lägsta strålningseffekt från branden, megawatt",
   "fire intensity filter|All": "Alla",
-  "Detection confidence": "Detekteringens säkerhet",
+  "Detection confidence": "Detekteringens tillförlitlighet",
   "{shown} of {total} shown": "{shown} av {total} visas",
   "Name of {name}": "Namn på {name}",
   "Change the colour of {name}": "Ändra färg på {name}",
@@ -2976,7 +2976,7 @@
   "Drawn shapes": "Ritade former",
   "Audio": "Ljud",
   "UTILITIES": "VERKTYG",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to a drawing": "Lämna cockpit för att flyga till en ritning",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a drawing": "Lämna cockpiten för att flyga till en ritning",
   "Directions, drawing and your own files": "Vägbeskrivning, ritning och egna filer",
   "Voice place search (needs an Overpass server)": "Platssökning med röst (kräver en Overpass-server)",
   "OSM Places": "OSM-platser",
@@ -3135,7 +3135,7 @@
   "Other animals": "Övriga djur",
   "Other or unknown": "Övrigt eller okänt",
   "{label} {detail} — click to retry": "{label}: {detail} – klicka för att försöka igen",
-  "Wildlife sightings source unavailable": "Källan för djurobservationer är otillgänglig",
+  "Wildlife sightings source unavailable": "Källan för artobservationer är otillgänglig",
   "Show only community-confirmed (research-grade) sightings": "Visa bara observationer som bekräftats av andra användare (forskningskvalitet)",
   "No recent sightings in view": "Inga aktuella observationer i vyn",
   "Acartia feed unavailable": "Acartia-flödet är otillgängligt",
@@ -3152,10 +3152,10 @@
   "Show only plants": "Visa bara växter",
   "All rights reserved": "Alla rättigheter förbehållna",
   "Cetacean": "Valdjur",
-  "Wildlife Sightings": "Djurobservationer",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to a sighting": "Lämna cockpit för att flyga till en observation",
-  "Exit cockpit to fly to a sighting area": "Lämna cockpit för att flyga till ett observationsområde",
-  "Wildlife": "Vilda djur",
+  "Wildlife Sightings": "Artobservationer",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a sighting": "Lämna cockpiten för att flyga till en observation",
+  "Exit cockpit to fly to a sighting area": "Lämna cockpiten för att flyga till ett observationsområde",
+  "Wildlife": "Djur och växter",
   "Zoom in for local sightings": "Zooma in för lokala observationer",
   "Loading photo...": "Laddar foto …",
   "Photo unavailable": "Foto otillgängligt",
@@ -3165,7 +3165,7 @@
   "CC BY 4.0": "CC BY 4.0",
   "{count} sightings in view": "Observationer i vyn: {count}",
   "Close sighting": "Stäng observationen",
-  "Wildlife observed within 48 h (whales 7 d). Color and badge glyph show the taxon group. Sensitive species are shown only as 0.2° cells; Salish Sea marine mammal reports via Acartia are rounded to 0.01°. Not a census.": "Vilda djur observerade de senaste 48 h (valar 7 d). Färg och symbol visar artgruppen. Känsliga arter visas bara som rutor på 0,2°; rapporter om marina däggdjur i Salish Sea via Acartia avrundas till 0,01°. Ingen inventering.",
+  "Wildlife observed within 48 h (whales 7 d). Color and badge glyph show the taxon group. Sensitive species are shown only as 0.2° cells; Salish Sea marine mammal reports via Acartia are rounded to 0.01°. Not a census.": "Djur, växter och svampar observerade de senaste 48 h (valar 7 d). Färg och symbol visar artgruppen. Känsliga arter visas bara som rutor på 0,2°; rapporter om marina däggdjur i Salish Sea via Acartia avrundas till 0,01°. Ingen inventering.",
   "Open {name} on iNaturalist": "Öppna {name} på iNaturalist",
   "Open {name} on Acartia": "Öppna {name} på Acartia",
   "iNaturalist": "iNaturalist",
@@ -3179,8 +3179,8 @@
   "Event age": "Händelsernas ålder",
   "Event age: {days}d · undated kept": "Händelsernas ålder: {days} d · utan datum behålls",
   "Close camera preview": "Stäng förhandsvisningen av kameran",
-  "Refresh map still": "Uppdatera kartbilden",
-  "The map still uses a separate request and may show a different moment.": "Kartbilden hämtas separat och kan visa ett annat ögonblick.",
+  "Refresh map still": "Uppdatera stillbilden på kartan",
+  "The map still uses a separate request and may show a different moment.": "Stillbilden på kartan hämtas separat och kan visa ett annat ögonblick.",
   "Video plays from Québec 511, which sees your IP address.": "Videon spelas upp från Québec 511, som ser din IP-adress.",
   "STATIONS": "STATIONER",
   "Crewed stations and the craft that visit them": "Bemannade rymdstationer och farkosterna som besöker dem",
@@ -3199,14 +3199,14 @@
   "CelesTrak SATCAT gives each object's type and status. Without a current copy the classes rest on the UCS database, names and CelesTrak groups, so a satellite that has died since may still show as working.": "CelesTraks SATCAT anger varje objekts typ och status. Utan en aktuell kopia vilar klasserna på UCS-databasen, namn och CelesTraks grupper, så en satellit som har slutat fungera sedan dess kan fortfarande visas som aktiv.",
   "STARLINK ···": "STARLINK ···",
   "STARLINK ✕": "STARLINK ✕",
-  "LOOK STBD {bearing}°": "TITTA STYRB. {bearing}°",
-  "LOOK PORT {bearing}°": "TITTA BABORD {bearing}°",
-  "LOOK ASTERN": "TITTA AKTERUT",
+  "LOOK STBD {bearing}°": "BLICK STYRB. {bearing}°",
+  "LOOK PORT {bearing}°": "BLICK BABORD {bearing}°",
+  "LOOK ASTERN": "BLICK AKTERUT",
   "UP {angle}°": "UPP {angle}°",
   "DOWN {angle}°": "NED {angle}°",
   "{direction} · {elevation}": "{direction} · {elevation}",
-  "LOOK {elevation}": "TITTA {elevation}",
-  "{vesselType} · {feedState} · EYE {height}": "{vesselType} · {feedState} · ÖGA {height}",
+  "LOOK {elevation}": "BLICK {elevation}",
+  "{vesselType} · {feedState} · EYE {height}": "{vesselType} · {feedState} · ÖGONHÖJD {height}",
   "LIVE AIS": "LIVE-AIS",
   "CONTACT NAVIGATION OFF": "KONTAKTNAVIGERING AV",
   "THE BRIDGE STAYS WITH THE SELECTED VESSEL": "BRYGGAN STANNAR PÅ DET VALDA FARTYGET",
@@ -3214,7 +3214,7 @@
   "AIS DESTINATION · CREW REPORTED": "AIS-DESTINATION · ANGIVEN AV BESÄTTNINGEN",
   "{label} · NADIR VIEW": "{label} · NADIRVY",
   "SITES STANDBY": "PLATSER I VÄNTLÄGE",
-  "ENABLE MAPPED INSTALLATIONS FOR SITE PINGS": "SLÅ PÅ ”KARTLAGDA ANLÄGGNINGAR” FÖR PLATSPINGAR",
+  "ENABLE MAPPED INSTALLATIONS FOR SITE PINGS": "AKTIVERA ”KARTLAGDA ANLÄGGNINGAR” FÖR PLATSPINGAR",
   "Unnamed site": "Namnlös plats",
   "OFF-NADIR {angle}°": "OFF-NADIR {angle}°",
   "Release the camera from {name}": "Släpp kameran från {name}",
@@ -3252,7 +3252,7 @@
   "Current vessel heading": "Fartygets aktuella kurs",
   "SPEED OVER GROUND": "FART ÖVER GRUND",
   "COURSE OVER GROUND": "KURS ÖVER GRUND",
-  "ARROWS LOOK": "PILAR TITTAR",
+  "ARROWS LOOK": "PILAR VRIDER VYN",
   "HOME RESET": "HOME ÅTERSTÄLLER",
   "+/− ZOOM": "+/− ZOOMAR",
   "ARROWS TILT": "PILAR LUTAR",

From 83342621093c3bc394e97e31e118221c0f6a807f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 2026 13:39:08 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 174/181] Street Level: the action's failure cards in the
 interface language

The voice card showed English for show_street_level failures the catalog
did not know: a missing key, a map or source that could not be switched on,
the layer, invalid coordinates, an imagery fallback and the filter clause.
They now translate like the other action errors (exact messages and
patterns in speech.js), in all twelve languages; the spoken line stays
English, and the filter clause names the filters as their chips do.
---
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json      | 17 +++++++-
 src/i18n/locales/de.json      | 17 +++++++-
 src/i18n/locales/es.json      | 17 +++++++-
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json      | 17 +++++++-
 src/i18n/locales/he.json      | 17 +++++++-
 src/i18n/locales/it.json      | 17 +++++++-
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json      | 17 +++++++-
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json      | 17 +++++++-
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json      | 17 +++++++-
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json      | 17 +++++++-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json   | 17 +++++++-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json | 17 +++++++-
 src/voice/speech.js           | 81 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/voice/speech.test.mjs     | 49 +++++++++++++++++++++
 14 files changed, 322 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index 8b30df99a..05c3dbeee 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -3800,5 +3800,20 @@
   "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO: {id}",
   "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
   "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
-  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "معرّف UUID للسفينة: {id}"
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "معرّف UUID للسفينة: {id}",
+  "Latitude must be within ±90° and longitude within ±180°": "يجب أن يكون خط العرض ضمن ±90° وخط الطول ضمن ±180°",
+  "Street Level is unavailable": "مستوى الشارع غير متاح",
+  "No street-level imagery source is configured": "لم يُعَدّ أي مصدر لصور مستوى الشارع",
+  "Street Level could not be enabled": "تعذّر تفعيل مستوى الشارع",
+  "Street Level changed while it looked for imagery": "تغيّر مستوى الشارع أثناء البحث عن الصور",
+  "Aim the view at a street": "وجّه العرض نحو شارع",
+  "{source} is not a street-level imagery source here": "{source} ليس مصدرًا لصور مستوى الشارع هنا",
+  "{source} needs its key": "يحتاج {source} إلى مفتاحه",
+  "{source} needs the {map} map, which is not available": "يحتاج {source} إلى خريطة {map}، وهي غير متاحة",
+  "{source} could not be switched on": "تعذّر تفعيل {source}",
+  "{source} is not available on this map": "{source} غير متاح على هذه الخريطة",
+  "{source} imagery could not be opened": "تعذّر فتح صور {source}",
+  "{place} has no position to look for imagery at": "لا يوجد لـ{place} موضع للبحث عن الصور فيه",
+  "No {source} imagery near {place}": "لا توجد صور {source} قرب {place}",
+  "{reason} (filters on: {filters})": "{reason} (المرشحات المفعّلة: {filters})"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index f5eb48d11..8effb49dd 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -3476,5 +3476,20 @@
   "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO: {id}",
   "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
   "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
-  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "Schiffs-UUID: {id}"
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "Schiffs-UUID: {id}",
+  "Latitude must be within ±90° and longitude within ±180°": "Der Breitengrad muss innerhalb von ±90° und der Längengrad innerhalb von ±180° liegen",
+  "Street Level is unavailable": "Straßenebene ist nicht verfügbar",
+  "No street-level imagery source is configured": "Keine Quelle für Bilder auf Straßenebene konfiguriert",
+  "Street Level could not be enabled": "Straßenebene konnte nicht eingeschaltet werden",
+  "Street Level changed while it looked for imagery": "Straßenebene hat sich während der Bildersuche geändert",
+  "Aim the view at a street": "Die Ansicht auf eine Straße richten",
+  "{source} is not a street-level imagery source here": "{source} ist hier keine Quelle für Bilder auf Straßenebene",
+  "{source} needs its key": "{source} braucht seinen Schlüssel",
+  "{source} needs the {map} map, which is not available": "{source} braucht die {map}-Karte, die nicht verfügbar ist",
+  "{source} could not be switched on": "{source} konnte nicht eingeschaltet werden",
+  "{source} is not available on this map": "{source} ist auf dieser Karte nicht verfügbar",
+  "{source} imagery could not be opened": "Bilder von {source} konnten nicht geöffnet werden",
+  "{place} has no position to look for imagery at": "{place} hat keine Position, an der nach Bildern gesucht werden kann",
+  "No {source} imagery near {place}": "Keine Bilder von {source} in der Nähe von {place}",
+  "{reason} (filters on: {filters})": "{reason} (aktive Filter: {filters})"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index c5018af73..6e3d4df5f 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -3557,5 +3557,20 @@
   "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO: {id}",
   "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
   "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
-  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID del buque: {id}"
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID del buque: {id}",
+  "Latitude must be within ±90° and longitude within ±180°": "La latitud debe estar dentro de ±90° y la longitud dentro de ±180°",
+  "Street Level is unavailable": "A pie de calle no está disponible",
+  "No street-level imagery source is configured": "No hay ninguna fuente de imágenes a pie de calle configurada",
+  "Street Level could not be enabled": "No se pudo activar A pie de calle",
+  "Street Level changed while it looked for imagery": "A pie de calle cambió mientras buscaba imágenes",
+  "Aim the view at a street": "Apunta la vista a una calle",
+  "{source} is not a street-level imagery source here": "{source} no es una fuente de imágenes a pie de calle aquí",
+  "{source} needs its key": "{source} necesita su clave",
+  "{source} needs the {map} map, which is not available": "{source} requiere el mapa {map}, que no está disponible",
+  "{source} could not be switched on": "No se pudo activar {source}",
+  "{source} is not available on this map": "{source} no está disponible en este mapa",
+  "{source} imagery could not be opened": "No se pudieron abrir las imágenes de {source}",
+  "{place} has no position to look for imagery at": "{place} no tiene una posición donde buscar imágenes",
+  "No {source} imagery near {place}": "No hay imágenes de {source} cerca de {place}",
+  "{reason} (filters on: {filters})": "{reason} (filtros activos: {filters})"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index e0a22f57f..c9bba95fd 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -3557,5 +3557,20 @@
   "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO : {id}",
   "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD : {id}",
   "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI : {id}",
-  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID du navire : {id}"
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID du navire : {id}",
+  "Latitude must be within ±90° and longitude within ±180°": "La latitude doit être comprise dans ±90° et la longitude dans ±180°",
+  "Street Level is unavailable": "Niveau rue n'est pas disponible",
+  "No street-level imagery source is configured": "Aucune source d'images au niveau de la rue n'est configurée",
+  "Street Level could not be enabled": "Impossible d'activer Niveau rue",
+  "Street Level changed while it looked for imagery": "Niveau rue a changé pendant la recherche d'images",
+  "Aim the view at a street": "Orientez la vue vers une rue",
+  "{source} is not a street-level imagery source here": "{source} n'est pas une source d'images au niveau de la rue ici",
+  "{source} needs its key": "{source} a besoin de sa clé",
+  "{source} needs the {map} map, which is not available": "{source} nécessite la carte {map}, qui n'est pas disponible",
+  "{source} could not be switched on": "Impossible d'activer {source}",
+  "{source} is not available on this map": "{source} n'est pas disponible sur cette carte",
+  "{source} imagery could not be opened": "Impossible d'ouvrir les images de {source}",
+  "{place} has no position to look for imagery at": "{place} n'a pas de position où chercher des images",
+  "No {source} imagery near {place}": "Aucune image {source} près de {place}",
+  "{reason} (filters on: {filters})": "{reason} (filtres actifs : {filters})"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/he.json b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
index 1aaa9377a..77f532a8a 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/he.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/he.json
@@ -3557,5 +3557,20 @@
   "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO: {id}",
   "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
   "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
-  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID של כלי השיט: {id}"
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID של כלי השיט: {id}",
+  "Latitude must be within ±90° and longitude within ±180°": "קו הרוחב חייב להיות בטווח ±90° וקו האורך בטווח ±180°",
+  "Street Level is unavailable": "Street Level אינו זמין",
+  "No street-level imagery source is configured": "לא הוגדר מקור לצילומי רחוב",
+  "Street Level could not be enabled": "לא ניתן היה להפעיל את Street Level",
+  "Street Level changed while it looked for imagery": "Street Level השתנה בזמן החיפוש אחר צילומים",
+  "Aim the view at a street": "כוון את התצוגה אל רחוב",
+  "{source} is not a street-level imagery source here": "{source} אינו מקור לצילומי רחוב כאן",
+  "{source} needs its key": "{source} דורש את המפתח שלו",
+  "{source} needs the {map} map, which is not available": "{source} דורש את מפת {map}, שאינה זמינה",
+  "{source} could not be switched on": "לא ניתן היה להפעיל את {source}",
+  "{source} is not available on this map": "{source} אינו זמין במפה הזו",
+  "{source} imagery could not be opened": "לא ניתן היה לפתוח את הצילומים של {source}",
+  "{place} has no position to look for imagery at": "ל-{place} אין מיקום לחיפוש צילומים",
+  "No {source} imagery near {place}": "אין צילומים של {source} ליד {place}",
+  "{reason} (filters on: {filters})": "{reason} (מסננים פעילים: {filters})"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index d3f081052..7c52e051d 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -3557,5 +3557,20 @@
   "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO: {id}",
   "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
   "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
-  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID della nave: {id}"
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID della nave: {id}",
+  "Latitude must be within ±90° and longitude within ±180°": "La latitudine deve essere entro ±90° e la longitudine entro ±180°",
+  "Street Level is unavailable": "Vista stradale non è disponibile",
+  "No street-level imagery source is configured": "Nessuna fonte di immagini a livello stradale configurata",
+  "Street Level could not be enabled": "Impossibile attivare Vista stradale",
+  "Street Level changed while it looked for imagery": "Vista stradale è cambiata durante la ricerca delle immagini",
+  "Aim the view at a street": "Punta la vista su una strada",
+  "{source} is not a street-level imagery source here": "{source} non è una fonte di immagini a livello stradale qui",
+  "{source} needs its key": "{source} richiede la sua chiave",
+  "{source} needs the {map} map, which is not available": "{source} richiede la mappa {map}, che non è disponibile",
+  "{source} could not be switched on": "Impossibile attivare {source}",
+  "{source} is not available on this map": "{source} non è disponibile su questa mappa",
+  "{source} imagery could not be opened": "Impossibile aprire le immagini di {source}",
+  "{place} has no position to look for imagery at": "{place} non ha una posizione in cui cercare immagini",
+  "No {source} imagery near {place}": "Nessuna immagine di {source} vicino a {place}",
+  "{reason} (filters on: {filters})": "{reason} (filtri attivi: {filters})"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index 97ad588ac..20f962285 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -3395,5 +3395,20 @@
   "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO: {id}",
   "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
   "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
-  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "船舶UUID: {id}"
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "船舶UUID: {id}",
+  "Latitude must be within ±90° and longitude within ±180°": "緯度は±90°、経度は±180°の範囲内で指定してください",
+  "Street Level is unavailable": "ストリートレベルは利用できません",
+  "No street-level imagery source is configured": "ストリートレベル画像のソースが設定されていません",
+  "Street Level could not be enabled": "ストリートレベルをオンにできませんでした",
+  "Street Level changed while it looked for imagery": "画像の検索中にストリートレベルが変更されました",
+  "Aim the view at a street": "表示を通りに向けてください",
+  "{source} is not a street-level imagery source here": "{source}はここではストリートレベル画像のソースではありません",
+  "{source} needs its key": "{source}にはキーが必要です",
+  "{source} needs the {map} map, which is not available": "{source}には{map}マップが必要ですが、利用できません",
+  "{source} could not be switched on": "{source}をオンにできませんでした",
+  "{source} is not available on this map": "{source}はこのマップでは利用できません",
+  "{source} imagery could not be opened": "{source}の画像を開けませんでした",
+  "{place} has no position to look for imagery at": "{place}には画像を探す位置がありません",
+  "No {source} imagery near {place}": "{place}の近くに{source}の画像はありません",
+  "{reason} (filters on: {filters})": "{reason}（有効なフィルター: {filters}）"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index 9895adb6d..698777b32 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -3557,5 +3557,20 @@
   "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO: {id}",
   "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
   "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
-  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID da embarcação: {id}"
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID da embarcação: {id}",
+  "Latitude must be within ±90° and longitude within ±180°": "A latitude deve estar dentro de ±90° e a longitude dentro de ±180°",
+  "Street Level is unavailable": "Nível da rua não está disponível",
+  "No street-level imagery source is configured": "Nenhuma fonte de imagens no nível da rua configurada",
+  "Street Level could not be enabled": "Não foi possível ativar Nível da rua",
+  "Street Level changed while it looked for imagery": "Nível da rua mudou enquanto procurava imagens",
+  "Aim the view at a street": "Aponte a vista para uma rua",
+  "{source} is not a street-level imagery source here": "{source} não é uma fonte de imagens no nível da rua aqui",
+  "{source} needs its key": "{source} precisa da sua chave",
+  "{source} needs the {map} map, which is not available": "{source} requer o mapa {map}, que não está disponível",
+  "{source} could not be switched on": "Não foi possível ativar {source}",
+  "{source} is not available on this map": "{source} não está disponível neste mapa",
+  "{source} imagery could not be opened": "Não foi possível abrir as imagens de {source}",
+  "{place} has no position to look for imagery at": "{place} não tem uma posição para buscar imagens",
+  "No {source} imagery near {place}": "Nenhuma imagem de {source} perto de {place}",
+  "{reason} (filters on: {filters})": "{reason} (filtros ativos: {filters})"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index 46e8ad63a..031f2c429 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -3638,5 +3638,20 @@
   "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO: {id}",
   "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
   "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
-  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID судна: {id}"
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID судна: {id}",
+  "Latitude must be within ±90° and longitude within ±180°": "Широта должна быть в пределах ±90°, а долгота — в пределах ±180°",
+  "Street Level is unavailable": "Уличные снимки недоступны",
+  "No street-level imagery source is configured": "Источник уличных снимков не настроен",
+  "Street Level could not be enabled": "Не удалось включить уличные снимки",
+  "Street Level changed while it looked for imagery": "Уличные снимки изменились во время поиска",
+  "Aim the view at a street": "Наведите вид на улицу",
+  "{source} is not a street-level imagery source here": "{source} здесь не является источником уличных снимков",
+  "{source} needs its key": "{source}: нужен ключ",
+  "{source} needs the {map} map, which is not available": "{source}: нужна карта {map}, но она недоступна",
+  "{source} could not be switched on": "Не удалось включить {source}",
+  "{source} is not available on this map": "{source}: недоступно на этой карте",
+  "{source} imagery could not be opened": "Не удалось открыть снимки {source}",
+  "{place} has no position to look for imagery at": "У места «{place}» нет координат для поиска снимков",
+  "No {source} imagery near {place}": "Нет снимков {source} рядом с {place}",
+  "{reason} (filters on: {filters})": "{reason} (включены фильтры: {filters})"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index a0ff6bce7..561f753b2 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -3638,5 +3638,20 @@
   "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO: {id}",
   "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
   "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
-  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID судна: {id}"
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "UUID судна: {id}",
+  "Latitude must be within ±90° and longitude within ±180°": "Широта має бути в межах ±90°, а довгота — у межах ±180°",
+  "Street Level is unavailable": "Вуличні знімки недоступні",
+  "No street-level imagery source is configured": "Джерело вуличних знімків не налаштовано",
+  "Street Level could not be enabled": "Не вдалося увімкнути вуличні знімки",
+  "Street Level changed while it looked for imagery": "Вуличні знімки змінилися під час пошуку",
+  "Aim the view at a street": "Наведіть вигляд на вулицю",
+  "{source} is not a street-level imagery source here": "{source} тут не є джерелом вуличних знімків",
+  "{source} needs its key": "{source}: потрібен ключ",
+  "{source} needs the {map} map, which is not available": "{source}: потрібна карта {map}, але вона недоступна",
+  "{source} could not be switched on": "Не вдалося увімкнути {source}",
+  "{source} is not available on this map": "{source}: недоступно на цій карті",
+  "{source} imagery could not be opened": "Не вдалося відкрити знімки {source}",
+  "{place} has no position to look for imagery at": "Для місця «{place}» немає координат для пошуку знімків",
+  "No {source} imagery near {place}": "Немає знімків {source} поблизу {place}",
+  "{reason} (filters on: {filters})": "{reason} (увімкнено фільтри: {filters})"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index 3bd7c0bbd..fae3e5ca8 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -3395,5 +3395,20 @@
   "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO：{id}",
   "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD：{id}",
   "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI：{id}",
-  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "船舶 UUID：{id}"
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "船舶 UUID：{id}",
+  "Latitude must be within ±90° and longitude within ±180°": "纬度须在 ±90° 以内，经度须在 ±180° 以内",
+  "Street Level is unavailable": "街景不可用",
+  "No street-level imagery source is configured": "未配置街景影像来源",
+  "Street Level could not be enabled": "无法开启街景",
+  "Street Level changed while it looked for imagery": "查找影像时街景已更改",
+  "Aim the view at a street": "请将视野对准街道",
+  "{source} is not a street-level imagery source here": "{source} 在此处不是街景影像来源",
+  "{source} needs its key": "{source} 需要其密钥",
+  "{source} needs the {map} map, which is not available": "{source} 需要 {map} 地图，但该地图不可用",
+  "{source} could not be switched on": "无法开启 {source}",
+  "{source} is not available on this map": "{source} 在此地图上不可用",
+  "{source} imagery could not be opened": "无法打开 {source} 影像",
+  "{place} has no position to look for imagery at": "{place} 没有可查找影像的位置",
+  "No {source} imagery near {place}": "{place} 附近没有 {source} 影像",
+  "{reason} (filters on: {filters})": "{reason}（已开启筛选：{filters}）"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index 3fcd98932..e9c6c300d 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -3395,5 +3395,20 @@
   "ICAO: {id}": "ICAO：{id}",
   "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD：{id}",
   "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI：{id}",
-  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "船舶 UUID：{id}"
+  "Vessel UUID: {id}": "船舶 UUID：{id}",
+  "Latitude must be within ±90° and longitude within ±180°": "緯度須在 ±90° 以內，經度須在 ±180° 以內",
+  "Street Level is unavailable": "街景不可用",
+  "No street-level imagery source is configured": "未配置街景影像來源",
+  "Street Level could not be enabled": "無法開啟街景",
+  "Street Level changed while it looked for imagery": "查找影像時街景已更改",
+  "Aim the view at a street": "請將視野對準街道",
+  "{source} is not a street-level imagery source here": "{source} 在此處不是街景影像來源",
+  "{source} needs its key": "{source} 需要其密鑰",
+  "{source} needs the {map} map, which is not available": "{source} 需要 {map} 地圖，但該地圖不可用",
+  "{source} could not be switched on": "無法開啟 {source}",
+  "{source} is not available on this map": "{source} 在此地圖上不可用",
+  "{source} imagery could not be opened": "無法打開 {source} 影像",
+  "{place} has no position to look for imagery at": "{place} 沒有可查找影像的位置",
+  "No {source} imagery near {place}": "{place} 附近沒有 {source} 影像",
+  "{reason} (filters on: {filters})": "{reason}（已開啟篩選：{filters}）"
 }
diff --git a/src/voice/speech.js b/src/voice/speech.js
index 3e0227160..3ecb19114 100644
--- a/src/voice/speech.js
+++ b/src/voice/speech.js
@@ -179,9 +179,27 @@ const KNOWN_ERRORS = new Map(
     ),
     msg('Could not arrive at the requested place'),
     msg('The nearest airborne aircraft could not be selected'),
+    // show_street_level
+    msg('Latitude must be within ±90° and longitude within ±180°'),
+    msg('Street Level is unavailable'),
+    msg('No street-level imagery source is configured'),
+    msg('Street Level could not be enabled'),
+    msg('Street Level changed while it looked for imagery'),
+    msg('Aim the view at a street'),
   ].map((text) => [text, text]),
 );
 
+/** The imagery filters an empty street-level result names, as its chips say them. */
+function shownImageryFilters(label) {
+  return [
+    label.includes('360°') ? '360°' : null,
+    label.includes('flat-photo') ? t('FLAT') : null,
+    label.includes('SINCE') ? t('SINCE') : null,
+  ]
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .join(', ');
+}
+
 function noneWithinView(target, radius) {
   switch (target) {
     case 'flights':
@@ -259,6 +277,69 @@ const ERROR_PATTERNS = [
     /^No (\S+) within (\d+(?:\.\d+)?) km of the current view$/,
     ([, target, km]) => noneWithinView(target, shownKm(km)),
   ],
+  // show_street_level: the filter clause first, around the reason it extends.
+  [
+    /^(.+) with the (.+ filters?) on$/,
+    ([, reason, filters]) =>
+      t('{reason} (filters on: {filters})', {
+        reason: shownError(reason),
+        filters: shownImageryFilters(filters),
+      }),
+  ],
+  [
+    /^(.+) is not a street-level imagery source here$/,
+    ([, source]) =>
+      t('{source} is not a street-level imagery source here', { source }),
+  ],
+  [
+    /^(.+) needs its key$/,
+    ([, source]) =>
+      t('{source} needs its key', { source: translateKnown(source) }),
+  ],
+  [
+    /^(.+) needs the (.+) map, which is not available$/,
+    ([, source, map]) =>
+      t('{source} needs the {map} map, which is not available', {
+        source: translateKnown(source),
+        map: map === 'photoreal' ? 'Google 3D' : map,
+      }),
+  ],
+  [
+    /^(.+) could not be switched on$/,
+    ([, source]) =>
+      t('{source} could not be switched on', {
+        source: translateKnown(source),
+      }),
+  ],
+  [
+    /^(.+) is not available on this map$/,
+    ([, source]) =>
+      t('{source} is not available on this map', {
+        source: translateKnown(source),
+      }),
+  ],
+  [
+    /^(.+) imagery could not be opened$/,
+    ([, source]) =>
+      t('{source} imagery could not be opened', {
+        source: translateKnown(source),
+      }),
+  ],
+  [
+    /^(.+) has no position to look for imagery at$/,
+    ([, place]) =>
+      t('{place} has no position to look for imagery at', {
+        place: localizePlaceName(place),
+      }),
+  ],
+  [
+    /^No (.+) imagery near (.+)$/,
+    ([, source, place]) =>
+      t('No {source} imagery near {place}', {
+        source: translateKnown(source),
+        place: localizePlaceName(place),
+      }),
+  ],
 ];
 
 /** A tool error as the card shows it. */
diff --git a/src/voice/speech.test.mjs b/src/voice/speech.test.mjs
index 84d6f8d62..e1aa0c3ec 100644
--- a/src/voice/speech.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/speech.test.mjs
@@ -552,6 +552,55 @@ test('the street-level card says "the view centre" in the interface language', (
   }
 });
 
+test('street-level failure cards are in the interface language; speech stays English', () => {
+  setLocale('de');
+  try {
+    const card = (error, extra = {}) =>
+      envelope('show_street_level', {
+        ok: false,
+        action: 'show_street_level',
+        providerName: 'Google Street View',
+        label: 'Paris',
+        error,
+        ...extra,
+      });
+    const lines = (error, extra) => card(error, extra).display.lines;
+    assert.deepEqual(lines('Google Street View needs its key', { stage: 'key' }), [
+      'Google Street View braucht seinen Schlüssel',
+    ]);
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      lines('Google Street View needs the photoreal map, which is not available', { stage: 'map' }),
+      ['Google Street View braucht die Google 3D-Karte, die nicht verfügbar ist'],
+    );
+    assert.deepEqual(lines('Mapillary could not be switched on', { stage: 'provider' }), [
+      'Mapillary konnte nicht eingeschaltet werden',
+    ]);
+    assert.deepEqual(lines('Street Level could not be enabled', { stage: 'layer' }), [
+      'Straßenebene konnte nicht eingeschaltet werden',
+    ]);
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      lines('Latitude must be within ±90° and longitude within ±180°', { stage: 'location' }),
+      ['Der Breitengrad muss innerhalb von ±90° und der Längengrad innerhalb von ±180° liegen'],
+    );
+    assert.deepEqual(lines('Mapillary imagery could not be opened', { stage: 'imagery' }), [
+      'Bilder von Mapillary konnten nicht geöffnet werden',
+    ]);
+    // The filter clause wraps the reason, already in the interface language,
+    // and names the filters as their chips do.
+    const filtered = card('No Mapillary imagery near Paris with the 360° and SINCE filters on', {
+      stage: 'imagery',
+      noImagery: true,
+      filter: { label: '360° and SINCE filters' },
+    });
+    assert.deepEqual(filtered.display.lines, [
+      'Keine Bilder von Mapillary in der Nähe von Paris (aktive Filter: 360°, SEIT)',
+    ]);
+    assert.match(filtered.say, /with the 360° and SINCE filters on/, 'speech stays English');
+  } finally {
+    setLocale('en');
+  }
+});
+
 test('street-level speech names the source and the place, and says which step failed', () => {
   const ok = envelope('show_street_level', {
     ok: true,

From a8970c1f18123d0fbc50580b8f583c7c466dafc3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 2026 13:40:12 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 175/181] Street Level: a geocoder that throws fails
 show_street_level at its location stage
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

A provider that threw while geocoding (offline, an upstream down) escaped
the action as a bare error. show_street_level now reports it as its
location stage ("Could not arrive at …", the cause in detail), and nothing
is switched or looked up; fly_to_location itself is unchanged.
---
 src/voice/gevActions.js       | 35 ++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.js b/src/voice/gevActions.js
index 5d021ef6e..14956c6c9 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.js
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.js
@@ -3961,19 +3961,28 @@ async function requestStreetLevel(
   if (atViewCentre || (args.fly === false && hasCoordinates)) {
     if (hasCoordinates) point = { lat: latitude, lon: longitude };
   } else {
-    location = await runGevAction(
-      'fly_to_location',
-      {
-        ...(entity
-          ? { entity }
-          : hasCoordinates
-            ? { latitude, longitude }
-            : { query }),
-        viewMode: 'close',
-        waitForArrival: true,
-      },
-      runOptions,
-    );
+    try {
+      location = await runGevAction(
+        'fly_to_location',
+        {
+          ...(entity
+            ? { entity }
+            : hasCoordinates
+              ? { latitude, longitude }
+              : { query }),
+          viewMode: 'close',
+          waitForArrival: true,
+        },
+        runOptions,
+      );
+    } catch (error) {
+      // A geocoder that throws (offline, a provider down) is this stage's
+      // failure too, not an error past the action.
+      return fail('location', `Could not arrive at ${label}`, {
+        cancelled: !current(),
+        detail: String(error?.message || error),
+      });
+    }
     if (location?.ok !== true || !current())
       return fail(
         'location',
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
index 7ccaabc8d..64e36c42b 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
@@ -7005,6 +7005,25 @@ test('show_street_level tells a failed enable, a delisted source, a key refused
   assert.deepEqual(unconfigured.order, [], 'nothing changed');
 });
 
+test('show_street_level reports a geocoder that throws as its location stage', async () => {
+  globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+  const h = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'osm' });
+  const runner = createGevActionRunner({
+    viewer: createVoiceNavigationHarness().viewer,
+    styleManager: { mapStackController: { getActiveId: () => 'osm' }, setMapStack: async () => ({ ok: true }) },
+    dataManager: h.dataManager,
+    placeSearch: {
+      geocode: async () => {
+        throw new Error('geocoder unreachable');
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const result = await runner('show_street_level', { query: 'Capitol Mall', provider: 'mapillary' });
+  assert.deepEqual([result.ok, result.stage], [false, 'location']);
+  assert.equal(result.error, 'Could not arrive at Capitol Mall');
+  assert.deepEqual(h.order.filter((step) => /^(params|open|arm)/.test(step)), [], 'nothing switched or looked up');
+});
+
 test('show_street_level reports a flight that lands without a position', async () => {
   globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
   const hit = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, activeStack: 'osm' });

From f612fc218022863c35fdf7e1d713388198828e3e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 2026 13:43:58 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 176/181] Street Level: a posted view without a photo point
 grounds its look-at too

show_in_gods_eye_view measured a view's altitude from the terrain before
taking the point the camera looks at; a view posted straight into the
embedded app used the ellipsoid altitude, so a camera over high ground
opened photos kilometres ahead. groundedLookAt moves to the view module,
and the embedded app uses it with the app's terrain heights for a posted
street_level that names no point.
---
 src/app/embed.js           | 21 ++++++++++++++
 src/app/embed.test.mjs     | 59 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/app/tools.js           |  1 +
 src/tools/queries/share.js | 28 ++----------------
 src/view/index.js          | 24 ++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 107 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/app/embed.js b/src/app/embed.js
index 04da9cbc4..f4954e720 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.js
+++ b/src/app/embed.js
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import {
   annotationsFromParams,
   createView,
   followFromParams,
+  groundedLookAt,
   streetLevelFromParams,
 } from '../view/index.js';
 
@@ -329,6 +330,7 @@ export function installViews({
   dataManager,
   run,
   signal,
+  terrain = null,
   location = globalThis.location,
   windowRef = globalThis.window,
 }) {
@@ -477,8 +479,27 @@ export function installViews({
     // A panel's host can hand back old results on a remount: only one issued
     // just now may open a billed photo. A framing page's view is its own.
     const autoOpen = !isEmbeddedInline() || event.data.fresh === true;
+    // Photos asked for without a point open where the camera looks, measured
+    // from the ground under it, as show_in_gods_eye_view places them.
+    const asked = event.data.view?.street_level;
+    const unplaced =
+      asked &&
+      typeof asked === 'object' &&
+      asked.lat == null &&
+      asked.lon == null;
     queue = queue.then(async () => {
       if (signal?.aborted) return;
+      if (unplaced && view.street_level) {
+        const point = await groundedLookAt(view.camera, terrain, signal).catch(
+          () => null,
+        );
+        if (signal?.aborted) return;
+        if (point)
+          view = createView({
+            ...event.data.view,
+            street_level: { ...asked, ...point },
+          });
+      }
       const steps = await applyView(view, {
         viewer,
         dataManager,
diff --git a/src/app/embed.test.mjs b/src/app/embed.test.mjs
index 4fe754a92..cb34287a5 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.test.mjs
+++ b/src/app/embed.test.mjs
@@ -104,6 +104,65 @@ test('a followed entity is retried until its layer has it', async () => {
   assert.deepEqual(steps.at(-1), { step: 'follow', ok: true });
 });
 
+test('a posted view without a photo point opens its photos where the camera looks over the ground', async () => {
+  const parent = { postMessage() {} };
+  const windowRef = new EventTarget();
+  windowRef.parent = parent;
+  windowRef.document = { body: { classList: new Set() } };
+  windowRef.document.body.classList.add = Set.prototype.add;
+  const shell = { initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve(), setCleanView() {} };
+  const { calls, run } = recorder();
+  const asked = [];
+  // Denver: the ground is 1,590 m above the ellipsoid under a camera at 1,909 m.
+  const terrain = {
+    getHeights: async (points) => {
+      asked.push(points);
+      return points.map(() => ({ ellipsoid: 1590 }));
+    },
+  };
+  const remove = installViews({
+    shell,
+    viewer: fakeViewer(),
+    dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()),
+    run,
+    terrain,
+    location: { search: '?embed=1', hash: '' },
+    windowRef,
+  });
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  const event = new Event('message');
+  Object.assign(event, {
+    source: parent,
+    origin: 'https://host.example',
+    data: {
+      type: 'gev:view',
+      id: 1,
+      view: {
+        camera: {
+          lat: 39.74,
+          lon: -104.99,
+          altitude_m: 1909,
+          pitch_deg: -30,
+          heading_deg: 0,
+        },
+        street_level: { provider: 'mapillary' },
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  windowRef.dispatchEvent(event);
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 10));
+  remove();
+  const [, args] = calls.find(([name]) => name === 'show_street_level');
+  // 319 m above the ground at -30° looks ~550 m ahead, not the ~3.3 km the
+  // ellipsoid altitude would give.
+  assert.deepEqual(asked, [[{ lat: 39.74, lon: -104.99 }]]);
+  assert.ok(
+    args.latitude > 39.744 && args.latitude < 39.746,
+    String(args.latitude),
+  );
+  assert.equal(args.longitude, -104.99);
+});
+
 test('an embedded page takes views only from its parent and answers it', async () => {
   const posted = [];
   const targets = [];
diff --git a/src/app/tools.js b/src/app/tools.js
index b9a35976d..cffae32b2 100644
--- a/src/app/tools.js
+++ b/src/app/tools.js
@@ -249,6 +249,7 @@ export function createApplicationTools({
       run: (name, args, options = {}) =>
         voiceCommands.runner(name, args, { ...options, signal }),
       signal,
+      terrain: operations.requests.terrain,
     }),
   );
   // An application's own tool takes the pointer as Draw does, and its own
diff --git a/src/tools/queries/share.js b/src/tools/queries/share.js
index bdb9d9267..2e13a98d7 100644
--- a/src/tools/queries/share.js
+++ b/src/tools/queries/share.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import {
   VIEW_PROPERTIES,
   createView,
-  lookAtPoint,
+  groundedLookAt,
   viewUrl,
 } from '../../view/index.js';
 import { defineTool, ToolError } from '../catalog.js';
@@ -41,30 +41,6 @@ async function followedAircraftPosition(follow, tools) {
   }
 }
 
-/**
- * Where a tilted camera looks, measured from the ground under it: a view's
- * altitude is above the ellipsoid, and a city a mile up would otherwise put
- * the point kilometres too far ahead. Null when the terrain cannot say.
- */
-async function groundedLookAt(camera, services, signal) {
-  if (typeof services?.terrain?.getHeights !== 'function') return null;
-  if (!Number.isFinite(camera.altitude_m) || !(camera.pitch_deg > -89))
-    return null;
-  let heights;
-  try {
-    heights = await services.terrain.getHeights(
-      [{ lat: camera.lat, lon: camera.lon }],
-      { signal },
-    );
-  } catch (error) {
-    if (signal?.aborted) throw error;
-    return null;
-  }
-  const ground = Number(heights?.[0]?.ellipsoid);
-  if (!Number.isFinite(ground)) return null;
-  return lookAtPoint({ ...camera, altitude_m: camera.altitude_m - ground });
-}
-
 /**
  * The view described by tool arguments. An area frames the camera straight
  * down over it; camera fields given alongside it override the framing. A
@@ -131,7 +107,7 @@ export async function resolveViewArguments(args, { services, signal, tools }) {
     streetLevel.lat === undefined &&
     streetLevel.lon === undefined
   ) {
-    const point = await groundedLookAt(camera, services, signal);
+    const point = await groundedLookAt(camera, services?.terrain, signal);
     if (point) streetLevel = { ...streetLevel, ...point };
   }
   let view;
diff --git a/src/view/index.js b/src/view/index.js
index 11c3b8c7d..7d70e1c8c 100644
--- a/src/view/index.js
+++ b/src/view/index.js
@@ -123,6 +123,30 @@ export function lookAtPoint(camera) {
   };
 }
 
+/**
+ * Where a tilted camera looks, measured from the ground under it: a view's
+ * altitude is above the ellipsoid, and a city a mile up would otherwise put
+ * the point kilometres too far ahead. `terrain` is a heights service
+ * (`getHeights`); null when it is missing or cannot say.
+ */
+export async function groundedLookAt(camera, terrain, signal) {
+  if (typeof terrain?.getHeights !== 'function') return null;
+  if (!Number.isFinite(camera?.altitude_m) || !(camera.pitch_deg > -89))
+    return null;
+  let heights;
+  try {
+    heights = await terrain.getHeights([{ lat: camera.lat, lon: camera.lon }], {
+      signal,
+    });
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (signal?.aborted) throw error;
+    return null;
+  }
+  const ground = Number(heights?.[0]?.ellipsoid);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(ground)) return null;
+  return lookAtPoint({ ...camera, altitude_m: camera.altitude_m - ground });
+}
+
 /** Annotation kinds the app draws, as in its annotate_map action. */
 export const VIEW_ANNOTATION_TYPES = Object.freeze([
   'pin',

From 45a33b54df3ee368e69a00ce21ad7d5996f74979 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 2026 13:44:49 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 177/181] Street Level: docs for the OPEN exception, panel
 freshness and what stops a request

- SECURITY.md: OPEN also takes the link's point when the screen centre
  cannot be picked at all.
- TOOLS.md: the panel's own link opens Street View only for a result issued
  in the last five minutes; an older one only arms.
- Changelog: the hiding modes stop a request, collapsing the panel does not;
  failure cards are in the interface language.
- CURRENT-STATE: a posted view without a point grounds its look-at too.
---
 SECURITY.md                           | 2 +-
 changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md | 9 ++++++---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                 | 7 ++++---
 docs/TOOLS.md                         | 6 ++++--
 4 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/SECURITY.md b/SECURITY.md
index 4316f522f..43ee7b6bd 100644
--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ God's Eye View's tools are also served to MCP clients: over stdio (`npm run mcp`
 - **What the panel's requests can reach.** In clients that display MCP Apps, the panel loads the app through the `panel_request` tool, which requests paths on the app's server. It is marked for the panel only and requires a key that each MCP server puts in its panel page, which keeps it from clients that list tools to the model without loading the panel. That key is not access control: any MCP client can read the panel page, key included, and then reach the app's files and data routes through `panel_request`, much as its other tools reach the data. Provider Settings, credential and model endpoints, `/mcp` and the development server's internal routes are refused to every caller.
 - **The panel carries the two browser keys.** The panel build (`npm run build:panel`) includes the same Google Maps key and Cesium ion token as the app, and they run inside the client's panel page, on the client's site. A key restricted by HTTP referrer must also allow that page, or the panel cannot load tiles. To keep the app's own keys narrower, build the panel with separately restricted keys in the environment of `npm run build:panel`.
 - **Embed mode is not framable by default.** `?embed=1` documents keep `X-Frame-Options: DENY` and `frame-ancestors 'none'` unless `GEV_EMBED_FRAME_ANCESTORS` names the pages that may frame them; a framing page can change what the app shows. Other documents can never be framed.
-- **A plain link never loads a billed Street View panorama without a click.** A share link with `sl=google,<lat>,<lon>` flies there, switches to Google 3D and lights Street View, then stops: the panel is armed and the photo loads only when the visitor presses OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW (one lookup and one panorama load on the browser Maps key, no retries, no geocoding or server call). A view posted into the embedded app (the God's Eye View panel, or a page `GEV_EMBED_FRAME_ANCESTORS` allows), and the panel page's own opening link for a tool result issued in the last five minutes, are that client's own request and open the photo; freshness is judged only by the result's `issued_at`, so a result older than five minutes only arms, whether the panel was mounted again (reopening a conversation) or got it later on the same mount, while one re-sent or remounted within five minutes of issue opens the photo again; adding `?embed=1` to a published link does not lift the gate (in a frame the link only arms; the panel that holds OPEN is hidden there, so a posted view is the way to open a photo). The OPEN press uses the link's point only while the ground under the screen centre is within 1 km of it; with the sky in the middle it opens nothing. The armed lookup dies when its source is switched off, when its map leaves, or when any other photo opens or closes. A link pasted into an open tab follows the same rule, and a link's source switch and layer are never saved as the recipient's own preferences. A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`. Mapillary, KartaView and Panoramax links open their photo at once; none of them bills per image.
+- **A plain link never loads a billed Street View panorama without a click.** A share link with `sl=google,<lat>,<lon>` flies there, switches to Google 3D and lights Street View, then stops: the panel is armed and the photo loads only when the visitor presses OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW (one lookup and one panorama load on the browser Maps key, no retries, no geocoding or server call). A view posted into the embedded app (the God's Eye View panel, or a page `GEV_EMBED_FRAME_ANCESTORS` allows), and the panel page's own opening link for a tool result issued in the last five minutes, are that client's own request and open the photo; freshness is judged only by the result's `issued_at`, so a result older than five minutes only arms, whether the panel was mounted again (reopening a conversation) or got it later on the same mount, while one re-sent or remounted within five minutes of issue opens the photo again; adding `?embed=1` to a published link does not lift the gate (in a frame the link only arms; the panel that holds OPEN is hidden there, so a posted view is the way to open a photo). The OPEN press uses the link's point only while the ground under the screen centre is within 1 km of it, or when the screen centre cannot be picked at all (no ground picking, or a globe with no size yet); with the sky in the middle it opens nothing. The armed lookup dies when its source is switched off, when its map leaves, or when any other photo opens or closes. A link pasted into an open tab follows the same rule, and a link's source switch and layer are never saved as the recipient's own preferences. A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`. Mapillary, KartaView and Panoramax links open their photo at once; none of them bills per image.
 
 ## Scope & expectations
 
diff --git a/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md b/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
index 523fe5773..233a6bd16 100644
--- a/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
+++ b/changelog.d/1113-show-street-level.md
@@ -8,8 +8,11 @@
   View and leaves the load to OPEN GOOGLE STREET VIEW; embedded views open it,
   and so does the God's Eye View panel for a result issued in the last five
   minutes; a link whose source has no working key says so. A request stops
-  when the user navigates or hides the panel before its photo loads; a new
-  photo replaces the open one in place, so EXPAND stays. When nothing is found and a 360°, flat or SINCE filter is on, the
-  answer names the filter. An unavailable map stack now reports the
+  when the user navigates, or enters cockpit, clean view, recording or scene
+  playback, before its photo loads (collapsing the panel does not stop it: the
+  photo reveals it); a new photo replaces the open one in place, so EXPAND
+  stays. When nothing is found and a 360°, flat or SINCE filter is on, the
+  answer names the filter. Failure cards are in the interface language. An
+  unavailable map stack now reports the
   controller's own reason instead of always asking for a Cesium ion token
   (Said Turksever, @asturksever, #1113).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 0e92438e5..0c3577644 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5315,9 +5315,10 @@ a point, which defaults to where the camera looks (below 20 km, at a pitch
 steeper than -5° and within 10 km ahead; else the camera's own point, also
 for half a point). A `google` source brings `map: photoreal` and refuses
 another map; `street_level` does not combine with `follow`.
-`show_in_gods_eye_view` measures a view's altitude from the terrain under the
-camera (`services.terrain`) before taking the look-at point, and keeps the
-view's own estimate without a terrain answer. Links carry
+`show_in_gods_eye_view`, and the embedded app for a posted view with no
+point, measure the view's altitude from the terrain under the camera
+(`groundedLookAt` with the terrain heights service) before taking the look-at
+point, and keep the view's own estimate without a terrain answer. Links carry
 `sl=<source>,<lat>,<lon>`; the globe panel applies views through the action,
 and a plain link runs it once restored (one shot: the rewritten hash drops
 `sl`). A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`.
diff --git a/docs/TOOLS.md b/docs/TOOLS.md
index 1a95d2656..a6d501c8c 100644
--- a/docs/TOOLS.md
+++ b/docs/TOOLS.md
@@ -110,8 +110,10 @@ shows only on the Google 3D map, so a `google` source sets `map` to
 photos. Links carry it as `sl=<source>,<lat>,<lon>`: once restored, the app
 runs `show_street_level`, which flies there and opens the nearest photo. A
 plain link with a `google` source only arms the panel for OPEN GOOGLE STREET
-VIEW; a view posted into the embedded app, or the panel page's own opening
-link, opens it, and `?embed=1` on a published link does not. Mapillary,
+VIEW; a view posted into the embedded app opens it, and so does the panel
+page's own opening link, but only for a tool result issued in the last five
+minutes (an older one, such as a host remounting the panel, only arms);
+`?embed=1` on a published link does not. Mapillary,
 KartaView and Panoramax, which do not bill per image, open at once. A link
 that follows an entity ignores `sl`.
 

From 4fd36c44e0571c703daba4696202a56b40d7097d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 2026 16:05:26 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 178/181] Street Level: a replacement keeps its own state, and
 a posted view stands down

- Releasing a held viewer frees the old source's adapter without resetting
  the panel, so a replacement's error, outcome and armed OPEN survive; a
  cross-source replacement drops the old photo's details and marker.
- The action holds the open photo only for its own switch-off: a source
  switched by hand during the load stops it and reports cancelled.
- A posted view waiting on terrain watches the camera and stands down after a
  navigation or a globe press; a flat or straight-down camera asks no terrain.
- An arming link opens the panel without persisting the layout, and a posted
  view's street-level step runs as programmatic.
- An off-globe street_level point throws TypeError.
- zh-Hant uses the file's wording for the new strings; README and
  CURRENT-STATE count 35 tools.
---
 README.md                                     |   2 +-
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                         |  23 +-
 src/app/embed.js                              |  35 ++-
 src/app/embed.test.mjs                        |  17 +-
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json                 |   8 +-
 src/layers/streetLevel/index.js               |  30 ++-
 .../streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js |   4 +-
 src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.js          |  37 +++-
 src/navigationPolicy.js                       |  34 +++
 src/streetLevelLifecycle.test.mjs             |  16 +-
 src/streetLevelReplacement.test.mjs           | 201 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/view/index.js                             |  14 +-
 src/view/index.test.mjs                       |  15 ++
 src/voice/gevActions.js                       |  39 +---
 14 files changed, 391 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/streetLevelReplacement.test.mjs

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index dc119497a..4d5998aca 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ Click **GEV MIC**, grant the microphone, and just talk. This is more than a voic
 - **🎬 Cinematic framing.** _"Show me the planes overhead"_ pulls the camera back, angles it, and frames the live traffic like a director.
 - **🔒 Honest and secure.** The agent only confirms actions that succeeded. Your `OPENAI_API_KEY` never touches the browser; the client only gets a short-lived session token. If you choose **USE CHATGPT OAUTH** in Provider Settings, the local server uses that sign-in only to mint the same kind of short-lived Realtime credential, and refuses the OAuth path for non-loopback clients.
 
-Thirty-two tools, four jobs — the commands below come straight from the product's voice test suite and tool playbook:
+Thirty-five tools (thirty-four unless an Overpass server is set), four jobs — the commands below come straight from the product's voice test suite and tool playbook:
 
 **🎥 Direct it** — drone-operator camera verbs:
 
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 0c3577644..e93e21d79 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5282,14 +5282,19 @@ app.
   newer turn, a shell navigation stamp (`_navigationGeneration`, re-taken where
   its own flight lands) or a press or wheel on the globe stops it
   (`superseded: true`). The same checks run before a found photo loads
-  (`proceed`), so nothing billed loads for a request that was given up, and a
-  lookup given up leaves the panel as it was; a photo that opened after either
-  is closed again.
+  (`proceed`), so nothing billed loads for a request that was given up. A
+  lookup given up leaves the panel as it was when the request kept the photo's
+  source; one that had switched the source off closes that source's photo with
+  it. A photo that opened after either is closed again.
 - **Replacing a photo.** An open photo stays up while the new request looks
   (`openNearest` `replace: true`; the viewer is replaced, not closed, so EXPAND
-  stays, also across sources through `holdViewer`) and closes if nothing
-  opens, so a place with no imagery shows its own error; a link that only arms
-  closes it at once. A replacement stops a playing Mapillary sequence.
+  stays, also across sources through `holdViewer`, which holds only the action's
+  own switch-off of the photo's source: a source switched by hand meanwhile
+  still stops the load) and closes if nothing opens, so a place with no imagery
+  shows its own error; a link that only arms closes it at once. A replacement
+  from another source drops the old photo's details, and the request's error or
+  armed OPEN outlives the old viewer. A replacement stops a playing Mapillary
+  sequence.
 - **Outcome.** `noImagery` marks an empty result, `imageryError` a source or
   viewer failure and `aim: 'sky'` a sky centre (from `street.nearestOutcome`);
   an empty result names a narrowing 360°/flat or SINCE filter the source
@@ -5312,8 +5317,8 @@ error.
 
 Views carry the request as `street_level` (`src/view/index.js`): a source and
 a point, which defaults to where the camera looks (below 20 km, at a pitch
-steeper than -5° and within 10 km ahead; else the camera's own point, also
-for half a point). A `google` source brings `map: photoreal` and refuses
+steeper than -5° and within 10 km ahead; else the camera's own point); half a
+point is not mixed with the camera's: both coordinates come from that default. A `google` source brings `map: photoreal` and refuses
 another map; `street_level` does not combine with `follow`.
 `show_in_gods_eye_view`, and the embedded app for a posted view with no
 point, measure the view's altitude from the terrain under the camera
@@ -6411,7 +6416,7 @@ and unreachable upstream (502/504) separately from road geometry.
 
 - **Token flow**: browser fetches a short-lived client secret from `/api/realtime/token`; the Vite middleware uses `OPENAI_API_KEY` by default, or the signed-in local ChatGPT/Codex OAuth access token when OAuth was explicitly selected in Provider Settings, and posts the full session config (instructions, tool schemas, VAD, truncation) to `api.openai.com/v1/realtime/client_secrets`. Both long-lived credentials stay server-side; OAuth minting is loopback-only. SDP exchange goes directly to `api.openai.com/v1/realtime/calls` with the ephemeral token. With no OpenAI key the token route answers `503` with code `API_KEY_MISSING`, and the voice control shows `Needs OPENAI_API_KEY — add it in Provider Settings` in the interface language, reworded on a language change, without the microphone-permission hint.
 - **Session defaults** (env-tunable): model `gpt-realtime-2` (or `gpt-realtime-2.1-mini` when the MINI tier is selected — see the model-tier entry below), voice `marin`, reasoning effort `low`, semantic VAD with low eagerness, no response interruption, context window truncated to ~3,000 post-instruction tokens with 0.5 retention ratio — the conversational window stays short because map state is fetched live per turn.
-- **Thirty-two tools** (argument schemas in `src/voice/actionSchemas.js`, served with their descriptions by `server/providers/openai/tools.js`, executed client-side in `src/voice/gevActions.js`): `fly_to_location`, `select_nearest_aircraft`, `show_street_level`, `adjust_camera_zoom`, `zoom_to_globe`, `set_layer_visibility`, `show_data_layers_menu`, `set_panel_open`, `set_voice_inactivity_timeout`, `set_visual_style`, `get_entity_context`, `get_current_view_state`, `set_hud`, `set_cyber_sonar`, `set_detection`, `set_map_stack`, `set_post_processing`, `control_scene`, `control_cctv`, `set_context_mode`, `control_cockpit`, `control_radio`, `track_entity`, `stop_tracking`, `frame_overhead`, `annotate_map`, `clear_annotations`, `move_camera`, `fly_route`, `analyst_query`, `next_iss_pass`, and `next_satellite_pass`.
+- **Thirty-five tools** (thirty-four in a session without `OVERPASS_UPSTREAMS`, which adds `osm_query`; argument schemas in `src/voice/actionSchemas.js`, served with their descriptions by `server/providers/openai/tools.js`, executed client-side in `src/voice/gevActions.js`): `fly_to_location`, `select_nearest_aircraft`, `show_street_level`, `adjust_camera_zoom`, `zoom_to_globe`, `set_layer_visibility`, `show_data_layers_menu`, `set_panel_open`, `set_voice_inactivity_timeout`, `set_visual_style`, `get_entity_context`, `get_current_view_state`, `set_hud`, `set_cyber_sonar`, `set_detection`, `set_map_stack`, `set_post_processing`, `control_scene`, `control_cctv`, `set_context_mode`, `control_cockpit`, `control_radio`, `track_entity`, `stop_tracking`, `frame_overhead`, `annotate_map`, `clear_annotations`, `move_camera`, `fly_route`, `analyst_query`, `resolve_area`, `find_imagery`, `osm_query`, `next_iss_pass`, and `next_satellite_pass`.
 
 > **Reading `npm test` totals:** the count depends on the Node major. The two
 > GC-bracketed allocation microbenchmarks (`src/data/focusAllocations.test.mjs`
diff --git a/src/app/embed.js b/src/app/embed.js
index f4954e720..13e928df1 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.js
+++ b/src/app/embed.js
@@ -12,7 +12,10 @@
  */
 
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
-import { announceNavigationAuthority } from '../navigationPolicy.js';
+import {
+  announceNavigationAuthority,
+  watchCameraOwner,
+} from '../navigationPolicy.js';
 import { t, translateKnown } from '../i18n/index.js';
 import { GOOGLE_LABEL } from '../layers/streetLevel/providers/google/policy.js';
 import {
@@ -234,10 +237,10 @@ export async function applyView(
   },
 ) {
   const steps = [];
-  const act = async (name, args) => {
+  const act = async (name, args, options) => {
     let result = null;
     try {
-      result = await run(name, args);
+      result = await run(name, args, options);
     } catch (error) {
       result = { ok: false, error: error?.message || String(error) };
     }
@@ -270,9 +273,12 @@ export async function applyView(
   if (view.street_level) {
     // The photos frame the camera; when the action fails before flying, the
     // view's own camera still applies.
+    // A posted view replays someone else's view, as a link does: the source
+    // it lights is not saved as the visitor's own choice.
     const result = await act(
       'show_street_level',
       streetLevelArgs(view.street_level, { autoOpen }),
+      { origin: 'programmatic' },
     );
     if (result?.ok !== true) {
       // Overtaken (a click on the map, a newer request): hands off.
@@ -397,8 +403,10 @@ export function installViews({
     // OPEN must be in view, but embed mode hides the rail that holds it: in
     // a frame a posted view is the way to open a photo.
     if (result?.armed === true && !isEmbedded(location)) {
+      // Opened for this link only: the recipient's saved layout stays theirs.
       shell.setPanelCollapsed?.(STREET_LEVEL_PANEL_ID, false, {
         explicit: true,
+        persist: false,
       });
       // On a phone the panel sits in a tab sheet: open it so OPEN shows.
       shell.revealPanel?.(STREET_LEVEL_PANEL_ID);
@@ -490,10 +498,25 @@ export function installViews({
     queue = queue.then(async () => {
       if (signal?.aborted) return;
       if (unplaced && view.street_level) {
-        const point = await groundedLookAt(view.camera, terrain, signal).catch(
-          () => null,
-        );
+        // Whoever takes the camera while the terrain answers (a drag, a
+        // search, the assistant) keeps it: the view stands down.
+        const owner = watchCameraOwner(viewer, shell);
+        const point = await groundedLookAt(view.camera, terrain, signal)
+          .catch(() => null)
+          .finally(() => owner.stop());
         if (signal?.aborted) return;
+        if (owner.taken()) {
+          post(
+            {
+              type: EMBED_APPLIED_MESSAGE,
+              id,
+              ok: false,
+              steps: [{ step: 'street_level', ok: false, superseded: true }],
+            },
+            replyOrigin,
+          );
+          return;
+        }
         if (point)
           view = createView({
             ...event.data.view,
diff --git a/src/app/embed.test.mjs b/src/app/embed.test.mjs
index cb34287a5..bcc5ada9b 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.test.mjs
+++ b/src/app/embed.test.mjs
@@ -85,6 +85,19 @@ test('a view is applied through the app actions in order', async () => {
   assert.ok(steps.some((step) => step.step === 'camera'));
 });
 
+test("a view's street-level step replays the sender's view: nothing it switches is the visitor's choice", async () => {
+  const { options, run } = recorder();
+  await applyView(
+    createView({
+      camera: { lat: 48.86, lon: 2.29 },
+      street_level: { provider: 'panoramax', lat: 48.8584, lon: 2.2945 },
+    }),
+    { viewer: fakeViewer(), dataManager: fakeLayers(new Set()), run },
+  );
+  const [, runOptions] = options.find(([name]) => name === 'show_street_level');
+  assert.equal(runOptions?.origin, 'programmatic');
+});
+
 test('a followed entity is retried until its layer has it', async () => {
   let tries = 0;
   const { run } = recorder({
@@ -739,8 +752,8 @@ test('a plain link never auto-loads a billed photo: it arms the panel and says s
   ]);
   assert.deepEqual(
     panels,
-    [['street-level-panel', false, { explicit: true }]],
-    'the panel opens so OPEN is in view',
+    [['street-level-panel', false, { explicit: true, persist: false }]],
+    "the panel opens so OPEN is in view, without saving the layout as the recipient's",
   );
   assert.deepEqual(revealed, ['street-level-panel'], 'its phone sheet too');
   // Adding ?embed=1 to a published link does not lift the gate: the page is
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index e9c6c300d..b10c726b2 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -3330,7 +3330,7 @@
   "Refresh map still": "重新整理地圖靜態畫面",
   "The map still uses a separate request and may show a different moment.": "地圖靜態畫面使用獨立請求，顯示的時間可能不同。",
   "Video plays from Québec 511, which sees your IP address.": "影片從 Québec 511 播放，Québec 511 會看到你的 IP 位址。",
-  "Press OPEN to load the photo": "點擊“打開”載入照片",
+  "Press OPEN to load the photo": "點擊“打開”加載照片",
   "Captured {month}": "拍攝於 {month}",
   "this spot": "此處",
   "the view centre": "視圖中心",
@@ -3338,9 +3338,9 @@
   "Street level at {place}": "{place} 的街景",
   "Switching map": "正在切換地圖",
   "Opening imagery": "正在打開影像",
-  "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "街景已就緒：按 {open} 載入",
-  "{source} cannot open this link's street-level photo without a working key": "沒有有效金鑰，{source} 無法開啟此連結的街景照片",
-  "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "目前的檢視隱藏了街景照片。請先離開此檢視。",
+  "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "街景已就緒：按 {open} 加載",
+  "{source} cannot open this link's street-level photo without a working key": "沒有有效密鑰，{source} 無法打開此鏈接的街景照片",
+  "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "當前視圖隱藏了街景照片。請先退出該視圖。",
   "STATIONS": "太空站",
   "Crewed stations and the craft that visit them": "載人太空站及來訪飛行器",
   "IMAGING": "成像",
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
index 6b0aa2d27..bee453af8 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/index.js
@@ -266,11 +266,11 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
     if (providerAvailable(entry)) parts.credits.show(state.viewer, entry.def);
   }
 
-  /** Requests replacing the open photo that switch its source keep it up. */
-  let viewerHolds = 0;
+  /** Sources whose open photo a replacing request keeps up while it switches them off. */
+  const heldViewers = new Map();
 
   function deactivate(entry) {
-    if (!viewerHolds) parts.viewerHost.unmount(entry.def.id);
+    if (!heldViewers.has(entry.def.id)) parts.viewerHost.unmount(entry.def.id);
     entry.instance.deactivate();
     parts.credits.hide(state.viewer, entry.def);
   }
@@ -854,19 +854,29 @@ export function createStreetLevelLayer({
     },
     closeViewer,
     /**
-     * Keep the open photo up while a request that replaces it switches the
-     * source, so EXPAND stays. Release closes it if its source is still off.
+     * Keep the open photo up while a request that replaces it switches its
+     * source off, so EXPAND stays; only that source's own switch-off is held,
+     * a source switched by hand meanwhile still stops a load. Release frees
+     * the old viewer.
      */
     holdViewer() {
-      viewerHolds += 1;
+      const id = state.street.open ? state.street.providerId : null;
+      if (!id) return () => {};
+      heldViewers.set(id, (heldViewers.get(id) || 0) + 1);
       let held = true;
       return () => {
         if (!held) return;
         held = false;
-        viewerHolds -= 1;
-        if (viewerHolds) return;
-        for (const entry of state.providers.values())
-          if (!entry.on) parts.viewerHost.unmount(entry.def.id);
+        const left = heldViewers.get(id) - 1;
+        if (left > 0) return void heldViewers.set(id, left);
+        heldViewers.delete(id);
+        if (state.providers.get(id)?.on !== false) return;
+        // Its photo still up (the request gave up) closes with its source;
+        // otherwise the request replaced or closed it, and the panel keeps
+        // what that request left (an error, an armed OPEN).
+        if (state.street.open && state.street.providerId === id)
+          parts.viewerHost.unmount(id);
+        else parts.viewerHost.release(id);
       };
     },
     /**
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js
index 78ca14a49..e885d377c 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/providers/mapillary/policy.js
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ export const SEQUENCE_IMAGE_FIELDS =
 
 /**
  * Images asked for in a nearest-image search: the API cuts at the limit
- * before any order, so this is its most, and the distance sort and the
- * imagery filter choose among all of the spot's photos.
+ * before any order, so this is its most; the distance sort and the imagery
+ * filter choose among the photos this one request returns.
  */
 export const NEAREST_LIMIT = 100;
 /**
diff --git a/src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.js b/src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.js
index acaba443e..9e3b18901 100644
--- a/src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.js
+++ b/src/layers/streetLevel/viewerHost.js
@@ -73,6 +73,19 @@ export function createViewerHost({ state, parts }) {
       active.unsubscribe();
       active.adapter.unmount();
       active = null;
+      // The photo being replaced belonged to that source: none of its details
+      // (id, place, author, link) describe the one loading now.
+      const { open, loading, error, providerId, providerName, providerLabel } =
+        state.street;
+      Object.assign(state.street, freshStreet(), {
+        open,
+        loading,
+        error,
+        providerId,
+        providerName,
+        providerLabel,
+      });
+      parts.marker.clear();
     }
     const adapter = entry.instance.viewer;
     const promise = (async () => {
@@ -202,5 +215,27 @@ export function createViewerHost({ state, parts }) {
     active = null;
   }
 
-  return { attach, open, close, resize, setRenderMode, stopPlayback, unmount };
+  /**
+   * Destroy `providerId`'s viewer and leave the panel's state alone: what a
+   * request leaves behind once it replaced or closed that source's photo.
+   */
+  function release(providerId) {
+    if (active?.id !== providerId && mounting?.id !== providerId) return;
+    const pending = mounting;
+    mounting = null;
+    active?.unsubscribe();
+    (active?.adapter ?? pending?.adapter)?.unmount();
+    active = null;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    attach,
+    open,
+    close,
+    resize,
+    setRenderMode,
+    stopPlayback,
+    unmount,
+    release,
+  };
 }
diff --git a/src/navigationPolicy.js b/src/navigationPolicy.js
index 2980b21e6..0813b773e 100644
--- a/src/navigationPolicy.js
+++ b/src/navigationPolicy.js
@@ -181,3 +181,37 @@ export function reassertNavigationHandoff({
   release?.();
   return true;
 }
+
+/** Gestures on the globe that take the camera from a pending request. */
+const CAMERA_GESTURES = ['pointerdown', 'wheel'];
+
+/**
+ * Whether the camera is still a request's: a navigation the shell stamps (a
+ * search, the assistant, a link) or a press or wheel on the globe hands it to
+ * someone else. `claim()` makes the camera as it is now the request's (after
+ * its own flight); `stop()` removes the gesture listeners.
+ */
+export function watchCameraOwner(viewer, navigation) {
+  let generation = navigation?._navigationGeneration;
+  const canvas = viewer?.canvas ?? viewer?.scene?.canvas ?? null;
+  let taken = false;
+  const onGesture = () => {
+    taken = true;
+  };
+  for (const type of CAMERA_GESTURES)
+    canvas?.addEventListener?.(type, onGesture, { passive: true });
+  return {
+    claim: () => {
+      generation = navigation?._navigationGeneration;
+      taken = false;
+    },
+    taken: () =>
+      taken ||
+      (Number.isFinite(generation) &&
+        navigation._navigationGeneration !== generation),
+    stop: () => {
+      for (const type of CAMERA_GESTURES)
+        canvas?.removeEventListener?.(type, onGesture);
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/streetLevelLifecycle.test.mjs b/src/streetLevelLifecycle.test.mjs
index 3a08a44c3..b64ef9ea0 100644
--- a/src/streetLevelLifecycle.test.mjs
+++ b/src/streetLevelLifecycle.test.mjs
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import { fakeStreetLevelProvider, fakeCesiumViewer } from './testSupport/streetL
 import { showStreetLevel } from './voice/gevActions.js';
 import { installViews } from './app/embed.js';
 import { ShareRestoration } from './ui/shareRestoration.js';
-import { createView } from './view/index.js';
 import { StreetLevelControls } from './ui/streetLevelControls.js';
 import { createApp, nextTick } from 'vue';
 import { createPinia } from 'pinia';
@@ -22,11 +21,10 @@ function deferred() {
   const promise = new Promise(done => { resolve = done; });
   return { promise, resolve };
 }
-async function harness(t, { nearestImage = async () => 'A', failImage = null, billed = false, extraProviders = [] } = {}) {
+async function harness(t, { nearestImage = async () => 'A', failImage = null, extraProviders = [] } = {}) {
   document.body.className = '';
   document.body.replaceChildren();
   const provider = fakeStreetLevelProvider({ nearestImage });
-  provider.billedPerImage = billed;
   const originalCreate = provider.create;
   const opened = [];
   provider.create = context => {
@@ -50,7 +48,6 @@ async function harness(t, { nearestImage = async () => 'A', failImage = null, bi
   layer.attachViewerHost(host);
   t.after(() => { layer.destroy(); document.body.className = ''; document.body.replaceChildren(); });
   await settle();
-  assert.equal(layer.providerStatus('mapillary').billed, billed);
   const dataManager = {
     layers: new Map([['street-level', { module: layer }]]),
     getAll: () => [{ id: 'street-level', enabled: true }],
@@ -69,14 +66,9 @@ async function harness(t, { nearestImage = async () => 'A', failImage = null, bi
       return { ok: true, latitude: 48, longitude: 2, label: 'fixture point' };
     },
   };
-  let result;
-  const run = async (name, args) => {
-    if (name !== 'show_street_level') return { ok: true };
-    result = await showStreetLevel(args, context);
-    return result;
-  };
-  const view = createView({ camera: { lat: 48, lon: 2 }, layers: ['street-level'], street_level: { provider: 'mapillary', lat: 48, lon: 2 } });
-  return { layer, viewer, dataManager, context, run, view, opened, flights, result: () => result };
+  const run = (name, args) =>
+    name === 'show_street_level' ? showStreetLevel(args, context) : Promise.resolve({ ok: true });
+  return { layer, viewer, dataManager, context, run, opened, flights };
 }
 
 test('a landed link does not reclaim a camera the user moved while its layers load', async t => {
diff --git a/src/streetLevelReplacement.test.mjs b/src/streetLevelReplacement.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d931d707
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/streetLevelReplacement.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+import './testSupport/registerDom.mjs';
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { createStreetLevelLayer } from './layers/streetLevel/index.js';
+import { fakeStreetLevelProvider, fakeCesiumViewer } from './testSupport/streetLevelFakes.mjs';
+import { showStreetLevel } from './voice/gevActions.js';
+import { installViews } from './app/embed.js';
+
+// Replacing a street-level photo, across sources and against the user's own
+// moves; posted views waiting on terrain. Offline: providers, lookups, terrain
+// and flights are fixtures.
+globalThis.fetch = async () => { throw new Error('Unexpected network use in offline test'); };
+const settle = () => new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+function deferred() {
+  let resolve;
+  const promise = new Promise(done => { resolve = done; });
+  return { promise, resolve };
+}
+function provider(id, { nearest = async () => 'B', load = async () => {}, billed = false } = {}) {
+  const def = fakeStreetLevelProvider({ id, pickPrefix: id + ':', nearestImage: nearest });
+  def.name = id;
+  def.label = id.toUpperCase();
+  def.billedPerImage = billed;
+  const create = def.create;
+  def.create = context => {
+    const instance = create(context);
+    let pose;
+    instance.viewer.onPose = listener => { pose = listener; return () => { pose = null; }; };
+    instance.viewer.open = async imageId => {
+      def.calls.open.push(imageId);
+      await load(imageId);
+      pose?.({ imageId, position: { lat: 48, lon: 2 }, creator: 'fixture photographer',
+        externalUrl: 'https://www.mapillary.com/app/?pKey=' + imageId });
+    };
+    return instance;
+  };
+  return def;
+}
+async function harness(t, defs) {
+  document.body.className = '';
+  document.body.replaceChildren();
+  const viewer = fakeCesiumViewer();
+  viewer.canvas = viewer.scene.canvas;
+  viewer.canvas.setPointerCapture = () => {};
+  const layer = createStreetLevelLayer({ providers: defs });
+  layer.init(viewer);
+  layer.enable(viewer);
+  layer.attachViewerHost(document.body.appendChild(document.createElement('div')));
+  t.after(() => { layer.destroy(); document.body.className = ''; document.body.replaceChildren(); });
+  await settle();
+  const dataManager = {
+    layers: new Map([['street-level', { module: layer }]]),
+    getAll: () => [{ id: 'street-level', enabled: true }],
+    isEnabled: () => true,
+    getLayerParams: () => ({ mapillary: true }),
+    setLayerParams: (_id, params) => layer.setParams(params),
+  };
+  const shell = { _navigationGeneration: 1, initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve(), setCleanView() {} };
+  const flights = [];
+  const context = { viewer, dataManager, styleManager: shell,
+    runOptions: { signal: new AbortController().signal },
+    runGevAction: async (name, args) => {
+      assert.equal(name, 'fly_to_location');
+      flights.push(args);
+      return { ok: true, latitude: args.latitude, longitude: args.longitude, label: 'fixture point' };
+    },
+  };
+  const run = (name, args) => name === 'show_street_level' ? showStreetLevel(args, context) : Promise.resolve({ ok: true });
+  return { layer, viewer, dataManager, shell, context, run, flights };
+}
+async function embed(t, h, terrain) {
+  const replies = [];
+  const peer = { postMessage: message => replies.push(message) };
+  const windowRef = new EventTarget();
+  windowRef.parent = peer;
+  windowRef.document = document;
+  const remove = installViews({ ...h, terrain, windowRef, location: { search: '?embed=1', hash: '' } });
+  t.after(remove);
+  await settle();
+  const post = (id, view) => {
+    const event = new Event('message');
+    Object.assign(event, { source: peer, origin: 'https://host.example', data: { type: 'gev:view', id, view } });
+    windowRef.dispatchEvent(event);
+  };
+  return { post, replies };
+}
+const args = provider => ({ provider, latitude: 48, longitude: 2, fly: false });
+const view = pitch => ({ camera: { lat: 48, lon: 2, altitude_m: 1000, pitch_deg: pitch }, street_level: { provider: 'mapillary' } });
+
+for (const outcome of ['empty', 'error']) {
+  test('a replacement from another source that opens nothing keeps its explanation (' + outcome + ')', async t => {
+    const a = provider('mapillary');
+    const b = provider('panoramax', { nearest: async () => {
+      if (outcome === 'error') throw new Error('Fixture lookup failure');
+      return null;
+    } });
+    const h = await harness(t, [a, b]);
+    assert.equal(await h.layer.openImage('mapillary', 'A', { frame: false }), true);
+    const result = await showStreetLevel(args('panoramax'), h.context);
+    const street = h.layer.getUIState().street;
+    t.diagnostic(JSON.stringify({ result, error: street.error, nearestOutcome: street.nearestOutcome }));
+    assert.equal(result.ok, false);
+    assert.equal(street.open, false);
+    assert.ok(street.error, 'replacement explanation must survive release');
+    if (outcome === 'empty') assert.equal(street.nearestOutcome, 'empty');
+  });
+}
+test('an arming link from another source keeps its armed point', async t => {
+  const h = await harness(t, [provider('mapillary'), provider('google', { billed: true })]);
+  assert.equal(await h.layer.openImage('mapillary', 'A', { frame: false }), true);
+  const result = await showStreetLevel({ ...args('google'), autoOpen: false }, h.context);
+  const street = h.layer.getUIState().street;
+  t.diagnostic(JSON.stringify({ result, armed: street.armed }));
+  assert.equal(result.armed, true);
+  assert.deepEqual(street.armed?.point, { lat: 48, lon: 2 });
+});
+test('a same-source lookup that finds nothing keeps its explanation', async t => {
+  const h = await harness(t, [provider('mapillary', { nearest: async () => null })]);
+  await h.layer.openImage('mapillary', 'A', { frame: false });
+  const result = await showStreetLevel(args('mapillary'), h.context);
+  assert.equal(result.noImagery, true);
+  assert.ok(h.layer.getUIState().street.error);
+  assert.equal(h.layer.getUIState().street.nearestOutcome, 'empty');
+});
+
+for (const takeover of ['navigation', 'gesture', 'none']) {
+  test('a posted view waiting on terrain yields to the user (' + takeover + ')', async t => {
+    const a = provider('mapillary');
+    const h = await harness(t, [a]);
+    const entered = deferred();
+    const terrain = deferred();
+    const e = await embed(t, h, { getHeights: async () => { entered.resolve(); return terrain.promise; } });
+    e.post(1, view(-45));
+    await entered.promise;
+    if (takeover === 'navigation') h.shell._navigationGeneration++;
+    if (takeover === 'gesture') h.viewer.canvas.dispatchEvent(new Event('pointerdown'));
+    terrain.resolve([{ ellipsoid: 200 }]);
+    for (let n = 0; n < 8 && !e.replies.some(r => r.id === 1); n++) await settle();
+    const reply = e.replies.find(r => r.id === 1);
+    t.diagnostic(JSON.stringify({ takeover, flights: h.flights, opened: a.calls.open, reply }));
+    assert.ok(reply, 'host receives completion');
+    assert.equal(h.flights.length, takeover === 'none' ? 1 : 0, 'superseded view must not reclaim the camera');
+    assert.equal(a.calls.open.length, takeover === 'none' ? 1 : 0);
+    assert.equal(reply.ok, takeover === 'none');
+  });
+}
+
+test('a posted view looking at the horizon does not wait on terrain or hold the queue', async t => {
+  const h = await harness(t, [provider('mapillary')]);
+  const terrain = deferred();
+  let terrainCalls = 0;
+  const e = await embed(t, h, { getHeights: () => { terrainCalls++; return terrain.promise; } });
+  e.post(1, view(0));
+  e.post(2, { ...view(-90), street_level: { provider: 'mapillary', lat: 49, lon: 3 } });
+  for (let n = 0; n < 8; n++) await settle();
+  const before = e.replies.filter(r => r.id).map(r => r.id);
+  terrain.resolve([{ ellipsoid: 200 }]);
+  for (let n = 0; n < 8 && !e.replies.some(r => r.id === 2); n++) await settle();
+  const after = e.replies.filter(r => r.id).map(r => r.id);
+  t.diagnostic(JSON.stringify({ terrainCalls, before, after, flights: h.flights }));
+  assert.deepEqual(after, [1, 2], 'both complete after irrelevant terrain is released');
+  assert.deepEqual(before, [1, 2], 'both should complete without any terrain response');
+  assert.equal(terrainCalls, 0);
+});
+
+for (const initial of [true, false]) {
+  test('a source switched by hand during the load stops the request (photo open before: ' + initial + ')', async t => {
+    const entered = deferred();
+    const load = deferred();
+    const a = provider('mapillary', { load: async id => { if (id === 'B') { entered.resolve(); await load.promise; } } });
+    const h = await harness(t, [a, provider('panoramax')]);
+    if (initial) await h.layer.openImage('mapillary', 'A', { frame: false });
+    const request = showStreetLevel(args('mapillary'), h.context);
+    await entered.promise;
+    h.layer.setProviderEnabled('panoramax', true);
+    load.resolve();
+    const result = await request;
+    const street = h.layer.getUIState().street;
+    t.diagnostic(JSON.stringify({ initial, result, open: street.open, sourceOn: h.layer.providerStatus('mapillary').on }));
+    assert.equal(h.layer.providerStatus('mapillary').on, false);
+    assert.equal(street.open, false);
+    assert.equal(result.ok, false, 'request for the disabled source must not report success');
+    assert.equal(result.cancelled, true);
+  });
+}
+
+test('a failed replacement from another source does not keep the old photo\'s details', async t => {
+  const h = await harness(t, [provider('mapillary'), provider('panoramax', { load: async () => { throw new Error('Fixture image load failure'); } })]);
+  await h.layer.openImage('mapillary', 'A', { frame: false });
+  const before = h.layer.getUIState().street;
+  assert.equal(before.imageId, 'A');
+  assert.ok(before.externalUrl);
+  const result = await showStreetLevel(args('panoramax'), h.context);
+  const street = h.layer.getUIState().street;
+  t.diagnostic(JSON.stringify({ result, street }));
+  assert.equal(result.ok, false);
+  assert.equal(street.providerId, 'panoramax');
+  assert.match(street.error, /Fixture image load failure/);
+  assert.deepEqual({ imageId: street.imageId, position: street.position, creator: street.creator, externalUrl: street.externalUrl },
+    { imageId: null, position: null, creator: null, externalUrl: null }, 'destroyed provider photo must not be attributed to replacement');
+});
diff --git a/src/view/index.js b/src/view/index.js
index 7d70e1c8c..cd5f20f31 100644
--- a/src/view/index.js
+++ b/src/view/index.js
@@ -131,7 +131,13 @@ export function lookAtPoint(camera) {
  */
 export async function groundedLookAt(camera, terrain, signal) {
   if (typeof terrain?.getHeights !== 'function') return null;
-  if (!Number.isFinite(camera?.altitude_m) || !(camera.pitch_deg > -89))
+  // Looking down or at the horizon the point is the camera's own: the ground
+  // under it changes nothing, so it is not asked for.
+  if (
+    !Number.isFinite(camera?.altitude_m) ||
+    !(camera.pitch_deg > -89) ||
+    camera.pitch_deg > LOOK_AT_MIN_PITCH_DEG
+  )
     return null;
   let heights;
   try {
@@ -381,6 +387,12 @@ export function createView({
     // photos at X, also when the camera sits behind it. It is a pair: half
     // of one is not mixed with the camera's other half.
     const given = [latitude(streetLevel.lat), longitude(streetLevel.lon)];
+    // A coordinate given off the globe is an error, not a reason to guess.
+    for (const [index, key] of ['lat', 'lon'].entries())
+      if (streetLevel[key] != null && given[index] === undefined)
+        throw new TypeError(
+          `Street-level ${key} is not a valid coordinate: ${streetLevel[key]}`,
+        );
     const seen = lookAtPoint(camera);
     const [lat, lon] = given.includes(undefined) ? [seen.lat, seen.lon] : given;
     street = Object.freeze({
diff --git a/src/view/index.test.mjs b/src/view/index.test.mjs
index 9fda7d149..046d76b3c 100644
--- a/src/view/index.test.mjs
+++ b/src/view/index.test.mjs
@@ -208,6 +208,21 @@ test('street-level photos travel in the link, light their source and bring their
   assert.equal(streetLevelFromParams(new URLSearchParams('sl=bing,1,2')), null);
   assert.equal(streetLevelFromParams(new URLSearchParams('lat=1')), null);
   assert.equal(createView({ camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2 } }).street_level, null);
+  // A point off the globe is refused, like an unknown source.
+  for (const bad of [
+    { lat: 95, lon: 2 },
+    { lat: 48, lon: 200 },
+    { lat: Number.NaN, lon: 2 },
+  ])
+    assert.throws(
+      () =>
+        createView({
+          camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
+          street_level: { provider: 'mapillary', ...bad },
+        }),
+      TypeError,
+      JSON.stringify(bad),
+    );
   // Half a point is not mixed with the camera's other half.
   const half = createView({
     camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.js b/src/voice/gevActions.js
index 14956c6c9..14b8102c3 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.js
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.js
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ import {
 import * as defaultFloorServices from '../data/groundFloor.js';
 import { isPickedWorldPosition } from '../data/scenePick.js';
 import { unavailablePlaceSearch } from '../search/placeSearch.js';
+import { watchCameraOwner } from '../navigationPolicy.js';
 import * as defaultAnnotationResolver from '../annotations/annotationResolver.js';
 import { normalizeRadioCountryInput } from '../data/radioCountry.js';
 import { TR3B_CLASS } from '../data/tr3bRegistry.js';
@@ -2984,7 +2985,6 @@ export function activeImageryFilter(ui) {
  * detection so the framed entities are labeled, and reports
  * detectionEnabled so the voice agent can mention labels are on.
  */
-
 async function frameOverhead(viewer, dataManager, styleManager, args = {}) {
   const targetRaw = String(args.target || 'flights').toLowerCase();
   const layerId =
@@ -3763,40 +3763,6 @@ function actionIntentOrigin(runOptions) {
   return runOptions?.origin === 'programmatic' ? 'programmatic' : 'voice';
 }
 
-/** Gestures on the globe that take the camera from a pending request. */
-const CAMERA_GESTURES = ['pointerdown', 'wheel'];
-
-/**
- * Whether the camera is still a request's: a navigation the shell stamps (a
- * search, the assistant, a link) or a press or wheel on the globe hands it to
- * someone else. `claim()` makes the camera as it is now the request's (after
- * its own flight); `stop()` removes the gesture listeners.
- */
-function watchCameraOwner(viewer, navigation) {
-  let generation = navigation?._navigationGeneration;
-  const canvas = viewer?.canvas ?? viewer?.scene?.canvas ?? null;
-  let taken = false;
-  const onGesture = () => {
-    taken = true;
-  };
-  for (const type of CAMERA_GESTURES)
-    canvas?.addEventListener?.(type, onGesture, { passive: true });
-  return {
-    claim: () => {
-      generation = navigation?._navigationGeneration;
-      taken = false;
-    },
-    taken: () =>
-      taken ||
-      (Number.isFinite(generation) &&
-        navigation._navigationGeneration !== generation),
-    stop: () => {
-      for (const type of CAMERA_GESTURES)
-        canvas?.removeEventListener?.(type, onGesture);
-    },
-  };
-}
-
 /**
  * Whether cockpit, clean view, recording or scene playback hides the panel a
  * street-level photo opens in. Embed mode uses clean view for its globe but
@@ -4034,7 +4000,8 @@ async function requestStreetLevel(
 
   // Light the source the way a chip click does, so the choice is kept. An
   // open photo of another source stays up until this request replaces it.
-  if (layerModule.getUIState?.()?.street?.open === true)
+  const openPhoto = layerModule.getUIState?.()?.street;
+  if (openPhoto?.open === true && openPhoto.providerId !== provider)
     holdViewer(layerModule);
   const switches = Object.fromEntries(
     providerIds.map((id) => [id, id === provider]),

From ae66d075754ea578779a536649922727fba11b46 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Said Turksever <asturksever@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 2026 12:16:58 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 179/181] i18n(sv): the PR's 27 Street Level strings
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Main added a Swedish catalog in #1630, so the catalog test failed on the
strings this PR adds. They use the catalog's terms (Gatunivå, nyckel,
bilder på gatunivå, vyns mitt).
---
 src/i18n/locales/sv.json | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/sv.json b/src/i18n/locales/sv.json
index 7d2828954..367025e4e 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/sv.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/sv.json
@@ -1713,6 +1713,7 @@
   "KartaView did not filter this area in time — move the map to ask again": "KartaView hann inte filtrera området – flytta kartan för att fråga igen",
   "None of KartaView’s photos here pass the imagery filter": "Inga av KartaViews foton här klarar bildfiltret",
   "KartaView did not answer in time — try again": "KartaView svarade inte i tid – försök igen",
+  "Mapillary did not answer in time — try again": "Mapillary svarade inte i tid – försök igen",
   "KartaView could not be reached — check the network": "KartaView kunde inte nås – kontrollera nätverket",
   "KartaView sent an answer that could not be read": "KartaView skickade ett svar som inte kunde läsas",
   "KartaView is rate-limiting requests": "KartaView begränsar antalet förfrågningar",
@@ -3327,6 +3328,17 @@
   "Refresh map still": "Uppdatera stillbilden på kartan",
   "The map still uses a separate request and may show a different moment.": "Stillbilden på kartan hämtas separat och kan visa ett annat ögonblick.",
   "Video plays from Québec 511, which sees your IP address.": "Videon spelas upp från Québec 511, som ser din IP-adress.",
+  "Press OPEN to load the photo": "Tryck på ÖPPNA för att läsa in bilden",
+  "Captured {month}": "Tagen {month}",
+  "this spot": "den här platsen",
+  "the view centre": "vyns mitt",
+  "{source} at {place}": "{source} vid {place}",
+  "Street level at {place}": "Gatunivå vid {place}",
+  "Switching map": "Byter karta",
+  "Opening imagery": "Öppnar bilder",
+  "Street View is ready: press {open} to load it": "Street View är redo: tryck på {open} för att läsa in den",
+  "{source} cannot open this link's street-level photo without a working key": "{source} kan inte öppna länkens bild på gatunivå utan en fungerande nyckel",
+  "Street-level photos are hidden in the current view. Leave it first.": "Bilder på gatunivå är dolda i den aktuella vyn. Lämna den först.",
   "STATIONS": "STATIONER",
   "Crewed stations and the craft that visit them": "Bemannade rymdstationer och farkosterna som besöker dem",
   "IMAGING": "AVBILDNING",
@@ -3457,6 +3469,21 @@
   "NORAD: {id}": "NORAD: {id}",
   "MMSI: {id}": "MMSI: {id}",
   "Vessel UUID: {id}": "Fartygs-UUID: {id}",
+  "Latitude must be within ±90° and longitude within ±180°": "Latituden måste ligga inom ±90° och longituden inom ±180°",
+  "Street Level is unavailable": "”Gatunivå” är inte tillgängligt",
+  "No street-level imagery source is configured": "Ingen källa för bilder på gatunivå är konfigurerad",
+  "Street Level could not be enabled": "”Gatunivå” kunde inte aktiveras",
+  "Street Level changed while it looked for imagery": "”Gatunivå” ändrades medan bilder söktes",
+  "Aim the view at a street": "Rikta vyn mot en gata",
+  "{source} is not a street-level imagery source here": "{source} är inte en källa för bilder på gatunivå här",
+  "{source} needs its key": "{source} behöver sin nyckel",
+  "{source} needs the {map} map, which is not available": "{source} behöver kartan {map}, som inte är tillgänglig",
+  "{source} could not be switched on": "{source} kunde inte slås på",
+  "{source} is not available on this map": "{source} är inte tillgänglig på den här kartan",
+  "{source} imagery could not be opened": "Bilder från {source} kunde inte öppnas",
+  "{place} has no position to look for imagery at": "{place} har ingen position att söka efter bilder vid",
+  "No {source} imagery near {place}": "Inga bilder från {source} nära {place}",
+  "{reason} (filters on: {filters})": "{reason} (aktiva filter: {filters})",
   "1 h/s": "1 h/s",
   "1 d/s": "1 d/s",
   "1 wk/s": "1 v/s",

From 0ebc09079d48b69b902444d93164b0fb64f56be1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 2026 18:02:15 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 180/181] Street Level: polar look-at, a bounded terrain wait,
 takeovers during the flight

- The look-at longitude wraps fully, so a tilted camera at a pole gives a
  point on the globe. The strict off-globe check on street_level is undone:
  points are clamped again, as before.
- A posted view that fails is answered, and the views behind it still apply.
- A posted view waits at most 2 s for the terrain under its camera, then
  keeps its own estimate.
- A camera taken during that wait stays where it is: the rest of the view
  applies, and only its photos stand down.
- show_street_level keeps a search or a press on the globe made during its
  own flight: it adopts only its own navigation stamps on landing, and a
  gesture is never forgiven.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md               |   4 +-
 src/app/embed.js                    | 106 +++++++++++++++++-----------
 src/navigationPolicy.js             |   6 +-
 src/streetLevelReplacement.test.mjs |  89 ++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/view/index.js                   |   9 +--
 src/view/index.test.mjs             |  15 ----
 src/voice/gevActions.js             |   9 ++-
 src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs       |  34 +++++++--
 8 files changed, 193 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 038f59627..b9585de17 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5323,7 +5323,9 @@ another map; `street_level` does not combine with `follow`.
 `show_in_gods_eye_view`, and the embedded app for a posted view with no
 point, measure the view's altitude from the terrain under the camera
 (`groundedLookAt` with the terrain heights service) before taking the look-at
-point, and keep the view's own estimate without a terrain answer. Links carry
+point, and keep the view's own estimate without a terrain answer (the embedded
+app waits 2 s for one). A camera taken during that wait stays where it is:
+the rest of the view applies and its photos do not open. Links carry
 `sl=<source>,<lat>,<lon>`; the globe panel applies views through the action,
 and a plain link runs it once restored (one shot: the rewritten hash drops
 `sl`). A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`.
diff --git a/src/app/embed.js b/src/app/embed.js
index 13e928df1..5a3119da9 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.js
+++ b/src/app/embed.js
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ const FOLLOW_LAYERS = {
 const FOLLOW_ATTEMPTS = 20;
 const FOLLOW_RETRY_MS = 1000;
 const FLIGHT_SECONDS = 2;
+/** How long a posted view waits for the terrain under its camera. */
+const TERRAIN_WAIT_MS = 2000;
 
 /**
  * Whether this page shows the app embedded: `?embed=1` when another page
@@ -495,51 +497,71 @@ export function installViews({
       typeof asked === 'object' &&
       asked.lat == null &&
       asked.lon == null;
-    queue = queue.then(async () => {
-      if (signal?.aborted) return;
-      if (unplaced && view.street_level) {
-        // Whoever takes the camera while the terrain answers (a drag, a
-        // search, the assistant) keeps it: the view stands down.
-        const owner = watchCameraOwner(viewer, shell);
-        const point = await groundedLookAt(view.camera, terrain, signal)
-          .catch(() => null)
-          .finally(() => owner.stop());
+    queue = queue
+      .then(async () => {
         if (signal?.aborted) return;
-        if (owner.taken()) {
-          post(
-            {
-              type: EMBED_APPLIED_MESSAGE,
-              id,
-              ok: false,
-              steps: [{ step: 'street_level', ok: false, superseded: true }],
-            },
-            replyOrigin,
-          );
-          return;
+        let apply = run;
+        if (unplaced && view.street_level) {
+          // A terrain service that does not answer soon leaves the view's
+          // own estimate.
+          const wait = AbortSignal.timeout(TERRAIN_WAIT_MS);
+          const owner = watchCameraOwner(viewer, shell);
+          const point = await groundedLookAt(
+            view.camera,
+            terrain,
+            signal ? AbortSignal.any([signal, wait]) : wait,
+          )
+            .catch(() => null)
+            .finally(() => owner.stop());
+          if (signal?.aborted) return;
+          // Whoever takes the camera meanwhile (a drag, a search, the
+          // assistant) keeps it: the photos stand down, as when the camera
+          // is taken during the action, and the rest of the view applies.
+          if (owner.taken())
+            apply = (name, ...rest) =>
+              name === 'show_street_level'
+                ? {
+                    ok: false,
+                    cancelled: true,
+                    superseded: true,
+                    error: 'The camera moved on before the photo opened',
+                  }
+                : run(name, ...rest);
+          else if (point)
+            view = createView({
+              ...event.data.view,
+              street_level: { ...asked, ...point },
+            });
         }
-        if (point)
-          view = createView({
-            ...event.data.view,
-            street_level: { ...asked, ...point },
-          });
-      }
-      const steps = await applyView(view, {
-        viewer,
-        dataManager,
-        run,
-        signal,
-        autoOpen,
-      });
-      post(
-        {
-          type: EMBED_APPLIED_MESSAGE,
-          id,
-          ok: steps.every((step) => step.ok),
-          steps,
-        },
-        replyOrigin,
+        const steps = await applyView(view, {
+          viewer,
+          dataManager,
+          run: apply,
+          signal,
+          autoOpen,
+        });
+        post(
+          {
+            type: EMBED_APPLIED_MESSAGE,
+            id,
+            ok: steps.every((step) => step.ok),
+            steps,
+          },
+          replyOrigin,
+        );
+      })
+      // A view that fails is answered, and the views behind it still apply.
+      .catch((error) =>
+        post(
+          {
+            type: EMBED_APPLIED_MESSAGE,
+            id,
+            ok: false,
+            error: error?.message || String(error),
+          },
+          replyOrigin,
+        ),
       );
-    });
   };
   windowRef.addEventListener('message', onMessage);
   void ready.then(() => {
diff --git a/src/navigationPolicy.js b/src/navigationPolicy.js
index 0813b773e..63e489ed8 100644
--- a/src/navigationPolicy.js
+++ b/src/navigationPolicy.js
@@ -188,8 +188,9 @@ const CAMERA_GESTURES = ['pointerdown', 'wheel'];
 /**
  * Whether the camera is still a request's: a navigation the shell stamps (a
  * search, the assistant, a link) or a press or wheel on the globe hands it to
- * someone else. `claim()` makes the camera as it is now the request's (after
- * its own flight); `stop()` removes the gesture listeners.
+ * someone else. `claim()` takes the navigation stamped so far as the
+ * request's (its own flight); a gesture is never forgiven. `stop()` removes
+ * the gesture listeners.
  */
 export function watchCameraOwner(viewer, navigation) {
   let generation = navigation?._navigationGeneration;
@@ -203,7 +204,6 @@ export function watchCameraOwner(viewer, navigation) {
   return {
     claim: () => {
       generation = navigation?._navigationGeneration;
-      taken = false;
     },
     taken: () =>
       taken ||
diff --git a/src/streetLevelReplacement.test.mjs b/src/streetLevelReplacement.test.mjs
index 2d931d707..84fe3cf30 100644
--- a/src/streetLevelReplacement.test.mjs
+++ b/src/streetLevelReplacement.test.mjs
@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@ import { createStreetLevelLayer } from './layers/streetLevel/index.js';
 import { fakeStreetLevelProvider, fakeCesiumViewer } from './testSupport/streetLevelFakes.mjs';
 import { showStreetLevel } from './voice/gevActions.js';
 import { installViews } from './app/embed.js';
+import { groundedLookAt } from './view/index.js';
+import { composeCatalog, coreTools } from './tools/index.js';
 
 // Replacing a street-level photo, across sources and against the user's own
-// moves; posted views waiting on terrain. Offline: providers, lookups, terrain
-// and flights are fixtures.
+// moves; posted views waiting on terrain, and their look-at near a pole.
+// Offline: providers, lookups, terrain and flights are fixtures.
 globalThis.fetch = async () => { throw new Error('Unexpected network use in offline test'); };
 const settle = () => new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
 function deferred() {
@@ -142,6 +144,11 @@ for (const takeover of ['navigation', 'gesture', 'none']) {
     assert.equal(h.flights.length, takeover === 'none' ? 1 : 0, 'superseded view must not reclaim the camera');
     assert.equal(a.calls.open.length, takeover === 'none' ? 1 : 0);
     assert.equal(reply.ok, takeover === 'none');
+    // Only the photos stand down: the rest of the view still applies, and
+    // the camera stays with whoever took it.
+    const steps = reply.steps.map(step => step.step);
+    assert.ok(steps.includes('clear_annotations'), JSON.stringify(steps));
+    assert.ok(!steps.includes('camera'), JSON.stringify(steps));
   });
 }
 
@@ -199,3 +206,81 @@ test('a failed replacement from another source does not keep the old photo\'s de
   assert.deepEqual({ imageId: street.imageId, position: street.position, creator: street.creator, externalUrl: street.externalUrl },
     { imageId: null, position: null, creator: null, externalUrl: null }, 'destroyed provider photo must not be attributed to replacement');
 });
+
+const rejections = [];
+process.on('unhandledRejection', reason => { rejections.push(String(reason?.message || reason)); });
+// 111 m from the North Pole, looking east and down: 1 km ahead is more than a
+// full turn of that parallel.
+const north = { camera: { lat: 89.999, lon: 170, altitude_m: 1000, pitch_deg: -45, heading_deg: 90 }, street_level: { provider: 'mapillary' } };
+const placed = { camera: { lat: 48, lon: 2, altitude_m: 1000, pitch_deg: -45 }, street_level: { provider: 'mapillary', lat: 48, lon: 2 } };
+
+test('a grounded look-at near a pole stays on the globe', async () => {
+  const point = await groundedLookAt(north.camera, { getHeights: async () => [{ ellipsoid: 0 }] });
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(point.lat) <= 90 && Math.abs(point.lon) <= 180, JSON.stringify(point));
+});
+
+test('show_in_gods_eye_view frames the South Pole with a tilted camera', async () => {
+  const catalog = composeCatalog({
+    tools: coreTools,
+    services: { app: { baseUrl: 'http://localhost:4173/' }, terrain: { getHeights: async () => [{ ellipsoid: 2835 }] } },
+  });
+  const result = await catalog.call('show_in_gods_eye_view', {
+    camera: { lat: -90, lon: 0, altitude_m: 3500, pitch_deg: -30, heading_deg: 45 },
+    street_level: { provider: 'mapillary' },
+  });
+  const street = result.data?.view?.street_level;
+  assert.ok(street && Math.abs(street.lat) <= 90 && Math.abs(street.lon) <= 180, JSON.stringify(result));
+});
+
+test('a posted polar view is answered and the next view still applies', async t => {
+  rejections.length = 0;
+  const h = await harness(t, [provider('mapillary')]);
+  const e = await embed(t, h, { getHeights: async () => [{ ellipsoid: 0 }] });
+  e.post(1, north);
+  e.post(2, placed);
+  for (let n = 0; n < 20 && !e.replies.some(r => r.id === 2); n++) await settle();
+  t.diagnostic(JSON.stringify({ replies: e.replies.filter(r => r.id), rejections }));
+  assert.ok(e.replies.some(r => r.id === 1), 'the polar view gets an answer');
+  assert.ok(e.replies.some(r => r.id === 2 && r.ok === true), 'the next view still applies');
+  assert.deepEqual(rejections, [], 'no rejection escapes the views queue');
+});
+
+test('a stalled terrain answer does not hold posted views', { timeout: 15000 }, async t => {
+  const h = await harness(t, [provider('mapillary')]);
+  let asked = 0;
+  // Hangs like a stalled upstream; gives up only when its signal aborts.
+  const terrain = {
+    getHeights: (_points, { signal } = {}) => {
+      asked++;
+      return new Promise((_, reject) => signal?.addEventListener('abort', () => reject(signal.reason), { once: true }));
+    },
+  };
+  const e = await embed(t, h, terrain);
+  e.post(1, view(-45));
+  e.post(2, placed);
+  const started = Date.now();
+  while (Date.now() - started < 5000 && !e.replies.some(r => r.id === 2)) await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 100));
+  t.diagnostic(JSON.stringify({ asked, waitedMs: Date.now() - started, replies: e.replies.filter(r => r.id).map(r => r.id) }));
+  assert.equal(asked, 1);
+  assert.ok(e.replies.some(r => r.id === 1), 'the view falls back to its own estimate within 5 s');
+  assert.ok(e.replies.some(r => r.id === 2), 'the next view is not held behind it');
+});
+
+test('a posted view that throws is answered and does not hold the views behind it', async t => {
+  rejections.length = 0;
+  const h = await harness(t, [provider('mapillary')]);
+  const getAll = h.dataManager.getAll;
+  let calls = 0;
+  h.dataManager.getAll = () => {
+    if (calls++ === 0) throw new Error('Fixture layer list failure');
+    return getAll();
+  };
+  const e = await embed(t, h, null);
+  e.post(1, placed);
+  e.post(2, placed);
+  for (let n = 0; n < 20 && !e.replies.some(r => r.id === 2); n++) await settle();
+  t.diagnostic(JSON.stringify({ replies: e.replies.filter(r => r.id), rejections }));
+  assert.deepEqual(e.replies.find(r => r.id === 1), { type: 'gev:view-applied', id: 1, ok: false, error: 'Fixture layer list failure' });
+  assert.ok(e.replies.some(r => r.id === 2 && r.ok === true), 'the next view still applies');
+  assert.deepEqual(rejections, []);
+});
diff --git a/src/view/index.js b/src/view/index.js
index cd5f20f31..be7324fe0 100644
--- a/src/view/index.js
+++ b/src/view/index.js
@@ -119,7 +119,8 @@ export function lookAtPoint(camera) {
   const lon = camera.lon + dLon;
   return {
     lat: clamp(camera.lat + dLat, -90, 90),
-    lon: lon > 180 ? lon - 360 : lon < -180 ? lon + 360 : lon,
+    // Near a pole one step ahead can be several turns of the parallel.
+    lon: ((((lon + 180) % 360) + 360) % 360) - 180,
   };
 }
 
@@ -387,12 +388,6 @@ export function createView({
     // photos at X, also when the camera sits behind it. It is a pair: half
     // of one is not mixed with the camera's other half.
     const given = [latitude(streetLevel.lat), longitude(streetLevel.lon)];
-    // A coordinate given off the globe is an error, not a reason to guess.
-    for (const [index, key] of ['lat', 'lon'].entries())
-      if (streetLevel[key] != null && given[index] === undefined)
-        throw new TypeError(
-          `Street-level ${key} is not a valid coordinate: ${streetLevel[key]}`,
-        );
     const seen = lookAtPoint(camera);
     const [lat, lon] = given.includes(undefined) ? [seen.lat, seen.lon] : given;
     street = Object.freeze({
diff --git a/src/view/index.test.mjs b/src/view/index.test.mjs
index 046d76b3c..9fda7d149 100644
--- a/src/view/index.test.mjs
+++ b/src/view/index.test.mjs
@@ -208,21 +208,6 @@ test('street-level photos travel in the link, light their source and bring their
   assert.equal(streetLevelFromParams(new URLSearchParams('sl=bing,1,2')), null);
   assert.equal(streetLevelFromParams(new URLSearchParams('lat=1')), null);
   assert.equal(createView({ camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2 } }).street_level, null);
-  // A point off the globe is refused, like an unknown source.
-  for (const bad of [
-    { lat: 95, lon: 2 },
-    { lat: 48, lon: 200 },
-    { lat: Number.NaN, lon: 2 },
-  ])
-    assert.throws(
-      () =>
-        createView({
-          camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
-          street_level: { provider: 'mapillary', ...bad },
-        }),
-      TypeError,
-      JSON.stringify(bad),
-    );
   // Half a point is not mixed with the camera's other half.
   const half = createView({
     camera: { lat: 1, lon: 2 },
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.js b/src/voice/gevActions.js
index 14b8102c3..9a38408b2 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.js
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.js
@@ -812,6 +812,7 @@ export function createGevActionRunner({
         runOptions,
         current,
         reportProgress,
+        otherHandoffs,
       });
     }
 
@@ -3813,9 +3814,12 @@ async function requestStreetLevel(
     runOptions = {},
     current = () => true,
     reportProgress = () => {},
+    otherHandoffs = () => 0,
   },
 ) {
   const action = 'show_street_level';
+  // Navigations other than voice fly-tos (this request's own flight) so far.
+  const handoffs = otherHandoffs();
   let provider = null;
   let providerName = null;
   let label = null;
@@ -3972,8 +3976,9 @@ async function requestStreetLevel(
   }
 
   // A mode that hides the panel may have started during the flight. The
-  // camera is the request's from where its flight landed.
-  if (location) owner.claim();
+  // camera is the request's from where its flight landed, unless another
+  // navigation took it during the flight.
+  if (location && otherHandoffs() === handoffs) owner.claim();
   const arrived = interrupted('view');
   if (arrived) return arrived;
 
diff --git a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
index 64e36c42b..98bc786db 100644
--- a/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/gevActions.test.mjs
@@ -6573,11 +6573,10 @@ function createStreetLevelHarness({
   const lookups = [];
   const origins = [];
   const revealed = [];
-  const { viewer, styleManager, currentGeneration } = createVoiceNavigationHarness();
+  const { viewer, styleManager, currentGeneration, panelSearch } = createVoiceNavigationHarness();
   // Who owns the camera: the shell's navigation stamps and globe gestures.
-  let userNavigations = 0;
   Object.defineProperty(styleManager, '_navigationGeneration', {
-    get: () => currentGeneration() + userNavigations,
+    get: () => currentGeneration(),
   });
   viewer.scene.canvas = Object.assign(new EventTarget(), { clientWidth: 1200, clientHeight: 800 });
   let completeFlight = null;
@@ -6719,10 +6718,9 @@ function createStreetLevelHarness({
     origins,
     revealed,
     street,
-    // The user searches or flies elsewhere, or drags the globe.
-    navigate: () => {
-      userNavigations += 1;
-    },
+    // The user searches or flies elsewhere (a stamp, as the shell's), or
+    // drags the globe.
+    navigate: panelSearch,
     gesture: () => viewer.scene.canvas.dispatchEvent(new Event('pointerdown')),
   };
 }
@@ -7428,6 +7426,28 @@ test('show_street_level owns the camera from where its own flight lands', async
   assert.ok(h.order.some((step) => step.startsWith('open:mapillary')));
 });
 
+// A camera taken during the action's own flight. 'navigate' is a
+// location-panel search: a stamp that leaves the flight flying. 'gesture' is a
+// press on the globe, which does not cancel a Cesium flight either.
+for (const take of ['navigate', 'gesture']) {
+  test(`show_street_level stands down when the camera is taken during its own flight (${take})`, async () => {
+    globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
+    const h = createStreetLevelHarness();
+    const pending = h.runner('show_street_level', { latitude: 38.58, longitude: -121.49, provider: 'google' });
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    assert.deepEqual(h.order, ['fly'], 'the flight is under way');
+    h[take]();
+    h.finishFlight();
+    const result = await pending;
+    assert.deepEqual([result.ok, result.superseded], [false, true], result.error);
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      h.order.filter((step) => /^(map|params|open|arm|enable)/.test(step)),
+      [],
+      'no map switch, no source, no billed photo for the place the user left',
+    );
+  });
+}
+
 test('show_street_level closes the previous photo, so one that finds nothing leaves no other place on screen', async () => {
   globalThis.window = globalThis.window || { clearTimeout, setTimeout, requestIdleCallback: null };
   const empty = createStreetLevelHarness({ enabled: true, photoOpen: true, nearest: null });

From 71797427d619df1938372cc1e25dcc92640e4ce4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: German Khokhlov <ouchlock@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 2026 19:01:58 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 181/181] Street Level: a posted view whose camera was taken
 stands down whole again

Applying the rest of a posted view after the camera was taken during its
terrain wait still let it change the camera: stop_tracking dropped a follow
the user had just started, and annotate_map framed the view's marks. A
camera taken during the wait now ends the view again, as before. The 2 s
terrain timeout and the per-view catch on the queue stay.
---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                 |   3 +-
 src/app/embed.js                      |  32 +++----
 src/app/embedTerrainTakeover.test.mjs | 118 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/streetLevelReplacement.test.mjs   |   5 --
 4 files changed, 135 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/app/embedTerrainTakeover.test.mjs

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index b9585de17..943458e5e 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -5324,8 +5324,7 @@ another map; `street_level` does not combine with `follow`.
 point, measure the view's altitude from the terrain under the camera
 (`groundedLookAt` with the terrain heights service) before taking the look-at
 point, and keep the view's own estimate without a terrain answer (the embedded
-app waits 2 s for one). A camera taken during that wait stays where it is:
-the rest of the view applies and its photos do not open. Links carry
+app waits 2 s for one). Links carry
 `sl=<source>,<lat>,<lon>`; the globe panel applies views through the action,
 and a plain link runs it once restored (one shot: the rewritten hash drops
 `sl`). A link that follows an entity ignores `sl`.
diff --git a/src/app/embed.js b/src/app/embed.js
index 5a3119da9..85c4f0752 100644
--- a/src/app/embed.js
+++ b/src/app/embed.js
@@ -500,7 +500,6 @@ export function installViews({
     queue = queue
       .then(async () => {
         if (signal?.aborted) return;
-        let apply = run;
         if (unplaced && view.street_level) {
           // A terrain service that does not answer soon leaves the view's
           // own estimate.
@@ -514,20 +513,21 @@ export function installViews({
             .catch(() => null)
             .finally(() => owner.stop());
           if (signal?.aborted) return;
-          // Whoever takes the camera meanwhile (a drag, a search, the
-          // assistant) keeps it: the photos stand down, as when the camera
-          // is taken during the action, and the rest of the view applies.
-          if (owner.taken())
-            apply = (name, ...rest) =>
-              name === 'show_street_level'
-                ? {
-                    ok: false,
-                    cancelled: true,
-                    superseded: true,
-                    error: 'The camera moved on before the photo opened',
-                  }
-                : run(name, ...rest);
-          else if (point)
+          // Whoever takes the camera while the terrain answers (a drag, a
+          // search, the assistant) keeps it: the view stands down.
+          if (owner.taken()) {
+            post(
+              {
+                type: EMBED_APPLIED_MESSAGE,
+                id,
+                ok: false,
+                steps: [{ step: 'street_level', ok: false, superseded: true }],
+              },
+              replyOrigin,
+            );
+            return;
+          }
+          if (point)
             view = createView({
               ...event.data.view,
               street_level: { ...asked, ...point },
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ export function installViews({
         const steps = await applyView(view, {
           viewer,
           dataManager,
-          run: apply,
+          run,
           signal,
           autoOpen,
         });
diff --git a/src/app/embedTerrainTakeover.test.mjs b/src/app/embedTerrainTakeover.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60ead319d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/embedTerrainTakeover.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+import '../testSupport/registerDom.mjs';
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
+import { installViews } from './embed.js';
+import { createGevActionRunner } from '../voice/gevActions.js';
+import { createAnnotationEngine } from '../annotations/annotationEngine.js';
+import { fakeCesiumViewer } from '../testSupport/streetLevelFakes.mjs';
+
+// A camera taken while a posted view waits on terrain stays with whoever took
+// it: the stale view stands down whole, so it neither stops a newer follow nor
+// frames its own marks. Offline: real installViews, action runner and
+// annotation engine; the viewer, renderer, flights data and terrain are fixtures.
+globalThis.fetch = async () => { throw new Error('Unexpected network request in offline reproduction'); };
+globalThis.requestAnimationFrame = () => 1;
+globalThis.cancelAnimationFrame = () => {};
+const tick = () => new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+function deferred() {
+  let resolve;
+  const promise = new Promise(done => { resolve = done; });
+  return { promise, resolve };
+}
+
+async function scenario(t, effect) {
+  document.body.className = '';
+  const entered = deferred();
+  const terrain = deferred();
+  const viewer = fakeCesiumViewer();
+  viewer.clock = { onTick: new Cesium.Event() };
+  viewer.canvas = viewer.scene.canvas;
+  // A real perspective frustum looking down at 0,0; the old view's mark
+  // at 48N,2E is outside it. No override of the engine's visibility logic.
+  Object.assign(viewer.camera, {
+    position: Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(0, 0, 1000),
+    direction: new Cesium.Cartesian3(-1, 0, 0),
+    up: new Cesium.Cartesian3(0, 0, 1),
+    heading: 0,
+    frustum: new Cesium.PerspectiveFrustum({ fov: Math.PI / 3, aspectRatio: 1, near: 1, far: 20000000 }),
+  });
+  const entity = { id: 'fixture-aircraft' };
+  const aircraft = { icao24: 'fixture', callsign: 'Fixture', latitude: 0, longitude: 0 };
+  let stopCalls = 0;
+  const flights = {
+    findByQuery: () => aircraft,
+    trackById: () => { viewer.trackedEntity = entity; return true; },
+    getTrackedInfo: () => viewer.trackedEntity ? aircraft : null,
+    stopTracking: () => { stopCalls++; viewer.trackedEntity = undefined; return true; },
+  };
+  const dataManager = {
+    layers: new Map([['flights', { module: flights }]]),
+    getAll: () => [{ id: 'flights', enabled: true }],
+    isEnabled: id => id === 'flights',
+    setLayerParams: () => true,
+  };
+  const shell = {
+    _navigationGeneration: 1,
+    initialRestorePromise: Promise.resolve(),
+    setCleanView() {},
+    runImmediateNavigation(_noun, navigate) { this._navigationGeneration++; return navigate(); },
+  };
+  const annotations = createAnnotationEngine({ viewer,
+    renderer: { add() {}, update() {}, remove() {}, sync() {}, destroy() {} },
+  });
+  const runner = createGevActionRunner({ viewer, dataManager, styleManager: shell, annotations });
+  const calls = [];
+  const run = async (name, args, options) => {
+    calls.push(name);
+    return runner(name, args, options);
+  };
+  const replies = [];
+  const peer = { postMessage: message => replies.push(message) };
+  const windowRef = new EventTarget();
+  windowRef.parent = peer;
+  windowRef.document = document;
+  const remove = installViews({ shell, viewer, dataManager, run, windowRef,
+    location: { search: '?embed=1', hash: '' },
+    terrain: { getHeights: () => { entered.resolve(); return terrain.promise; } },
+  });
+  t.after(() => { remove(); runner.dispose(); annotations.destroy(); document.body.className = ''; });
+  await tick();
+  const event = new Event('message');
+  Object.assign(event, { source: peer, origin: 'https://host.example', data: {
+    type: 'gev:view', id: 1, view: {
+      camera: { lat: 48, lon: 2, altitude_m: 1000, pitch_deg: -45 },
+      layers: ['flights'],
+      street_level: { provider: 'mapillary' },
+      annotations: effect === 'annotations'
+        ? [{ type: 'pin', latitude: 48, longitude: 2, label: 'Old view' }] : [],
+    },
+  } });
+  windowRef.dispatchEvent(event);
+  await entered.promise;
+  if (effect === 'follow') {
+    const follow = await runner('track_entity', { query: 'Fixture', layerId: 'flights' });
+    assert.equal(follow.ok, true, 'new follow starts through the real runner');
+    assert.equal(viewer.trackedEntity, entity);
+  } else {
+    viewer.canvas.dispatchEvent(new Event('pointerdown'));
+  }
+  terrain.resolve([{ ellipsoid: 200 }]);
+  for (let n = 0; n < 50 && !replies.some(reply => reply.id === 1); n++) await tick();
+  const reply = replies.find(reply => reply.id === 1);
+  t.diagnostic(JSON.stringify({ effect, calls, stopCalls, followed: viewer.trackedEntity === entity,
+    annotationCount: annotations.count(), annotationFlights: viewer.flights.started, reply }));
+  assert.ok(reply, 'host receives completion');
+  assert.equal(reply.ok, false, 'superseded view is acknowledged as not applied');
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('show_street_level'), 'superseded request never reaches photo handler');
+  if (effect === 'follow') {
+    assert.equal(stopCalls, 0, 'stale view must not stop the newer follow');
+    assert.equal(viewer.trackedEntity, entity, 'the new tracked entity stays selected');
+  } else {
+    assert.equal(viewer.flights.started, 0, 'stale annotations must not fly the camera');
+  }
+}
+
+for (const effect of ['follow', 'annotations']) {
+  test(`a camera taken during the terrain wait keeps the user's ${effect}`, { timeout: 5000 }, t => scenario(t, effect));
+}
diff --git a/src/streetLevelReplacement.test.mjs b/src/streetLevelReplacement.test.mjs
index 84fe3cf30..f0aa97ec0 100644
--- a/src/streetLevelReplacement.test.mjs
+++ b/src/streetLevelReplacement.test.mjs
@@ -144,11 +144,6 @@ for (const takeover of ['navigation', 'gesture', 'none']) {
     assert.equal(h.flights.length, takeover === 'none' ? 1 : 0, 'superseded view must not reclaim the camera');
     assert.equal(a.calls.open.length, takeover === 'none' ? 1 : 0);
     assert.equal(reply.ok, takeover === 'none');
-    // Only the photos stand down: the rest of the view still applies, and
-    // the camera stays with whoever took it.
-    const steps = reply.steps.map(step => step.step);
-    assert.ok(steps.includes('clear_annotations'), JSON.stringify(steps));
-    assert.ok(!steps.includes('camera'), JSON.stringify(steps));
   });
 }