diff --git a/scripts/format-scope.json b/scripts/format-scope.json
index 35d1a9a14..2d2aa61b4 100644
--- a/scripts/format-scope.json
+++ b/scripts/format-scope.json
@@ -1155,5 +1155,10 @@
   "scripts/qa-launches.mjs",
   "src/geo/boundingSphere.test.mjs",
   "src/layers/launches/render/cesium.js",
-  "src/layers/launches/launchPadFrame.test.mjs"
+  "src/layers/launches/launchPadFrame.test.mjs",
+  "src/layers/launches/render/navara.js",
+  "src/layers/launches/render/navara.test.mjs",
+  "scripts/qa-launches-compare.mjs",
+  "src/layers/satellites/interaction.test.mjs",
+  "src/layers/launches/lifecycleSnapshot.test.mjs"
 ]
diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index 44906e625..d4a83f7d2 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -2652,6 +2652,7 @@
       "src/layers/vessels/render/cesium.js",
       "src/layers/localAdsb/render/navara.js",
       "src/layers/vessels/render/navara.js",
+      "src/layers/launches/render/navara.js",
       "src/layers/satellites/render/navara.js",
       "src/layers/shared/render/engineView.js",
       "src/celestialRing/render/cesium.js",
diff --git a/src/app/navaraLayers.test.mjs b/src/app/navaraLayers.test.mjs
index 634ec1849..ae4f397f6 100644
--- a/src/app/navaraLayers.test.mjs
+++ b/src/app/navaraLayers.test.mjs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ test('the Navara mode registers the aircraft layers’ and vessels’ renderers,
     'flights',
     'military',
     'local-adsb',
+    'rocket-launches',
     'satellites',
     'ais-live-vessels',
   ])
@@ -29,7 +30,14 @@ test('the Navara mode registers the aircraft layers’ and vessels’ renderers,
     createLayerAvailability('navara')
       .available()
       .map(({ id }) => id),
-    ['flights', 'military', 'local-adsb', 'satellites', 'ais-live-vessels'],
+    [
+      'flights',
+      'military',
+      'local-adsb',
+      'satellites',
+      'rocket-launches',
+      'ais-live-vessels',
+    ],
   );
   assert.equal(layerAvailableOn('satellites', 'navara'), true);
 });
diff --git a/src/app/navaraMode.js b/src/app/navaraMode.js
index 2c296e598..e1ad842aa 100644
--- a/src/app/navaraMode.js
+++ b/src/app/navaraMode.js
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ import {
 } from '../renderGovernor.js';
 import { initGevVoiceCommands } from '../voice/gevRealtime.js';
 
+// Native mesh capability stays at the composition boundary.
+const navaraViews = new WeakMap();
+
 /** The Navara globe module, loaded on demand. */
 const loadNavaraGlobeModule = async () =>
   (await import('../globe/navara/index.js')).createNavaraGlobe;
@@ -55,6 +58,15 @@ const SHELL_CREDIT_KEYS = new Set([
  */
 export async function registerNavaraLayerRenderers() {
   const loaders = {
+    'rocket-launches': async () => {
+      const { createLaunchesNavaraRenderer } =
+        await import('../layers/launches/render/navara.js');
+      return (engine, options) =>
+        createLaunchesNavaraRenderer(engine, {
+          ...options,
+          ...navaraViews.get(engine),
+        });
+    },
     satellites: async () =>
       (await import('../layers/satellites/render/navara.js'))
         .createSatellitesNavaraRenderer,
@@ -112,6 +124,8 @@ export async function createNavaraScene({
   });
   defer(() => globe.destroy());
   const { engine } = globe;
+  navaraViews.set(engine, { view: globe.view, MeshDesc: globe.MeshDesc });
+  defer(() => navaraViews.delete(engine));
   // The layers drawn on Navara (their render/navara.js), before the catalog
   // asks the registry which layers this engine shows.
   await registerNavaraLayerRenderers();
diff --git a/src/bench/launchFixture.js b/src/bench/launchFixture.js
index 0f38460c0..38f91bc56 100644
--- a/src/bench/launchFixture.js
+++ b/src/bench/launchFixture.js
@@ -90,7 +90,35 @@ export function launchFixture() {
                 ]
               : [],
         },
-        trajectory: [],
+        trajectory:
+          i === 2
+            ? [
+                {
+                  latitude: lat,
+                  longitude: lon,
+                  altitude: 0,
+                  stage: 'Stage 1',
+                },
+                {
+                  latitude: lat + 0.2,
+                  longitude: lon + 0.5,
+                  altitude: 40000,
+                  stage: 'Stage 1',
+                },
+                {
+                  latitude: lat + 0.4,
+                  longitude: lon + 1,
+                  altitude: 80000,
+                  stage: 'Stage 2',
+                },
+                {
+                  latitude: lat + 0.8,
+                  longitude: lon + 2,
+                  altitude: 180000,
+                  stage: 'Stage 2',
+                },
+              ]
+            : [],
       }),
     ),
   };
diff --git a/src/globe/navara/cameraMath.js b/src/globe/navara/cameraMath.js
index 07d68f61a..71d6bc367 100644
--- a/src/globe/navara/cameraMath.js
+++ b/src/globe/navara/cameraMath.js
@@ -85,12 +85,17 @@ export function orientationVectors(position, heading, pitch, roll) {
  * Cesium's camera heading/pitch/roll getters: heading and roll in [0, 2π);
  * within 1e-3 of straight up or down roll is 0 and heading follows `up`.
  */
-export function headingPitchRoll(position, direction, up) {
+export function headingPitchRoll(
+  position,
+  direction,
+  up,
+  verticalEpsilon = 1e-3,
+) {
   const axes = localAxes(position);
   const d = toLocal(axes, direction);
   const u = toLocal(axes, up);
   const r = toLocal(axes, cross(direction, up));
-  const vertical = Math.abs(Math.abs(d.u) - 1) <= 1e-3;
+  const vertical = Math.abs(Math.abs(d.u) - 1) <= verticalEpsilon;
   const raw = vertical
     ? Math.atan2(u.n, u.e) - math.PI_OVER_TWO
     : Math.atan2(d.n, d.e) - math.PI_OVER_TWO;
@@ -109,7 +114,12 @@ export function headingPitchRoll(position, direction, up) {
  */
 export function navaraPose(position, direction, up) {
   const place = cartographic.fromCartesian(position, WGS84);
-  const angles = headingPitchRoll(position, direction, up);
+  // Navara orients its camera in the surface ENU frame at lng/lat. Cesium's
+  // Cartesian ENU normal at a high-altitude eye differs from that frame.
+  const surface = cartesian3.fromRadians(place.longitude, place.latitude, 0);
+  // Keep near-nadir tilt when serializing; the public pose keeps Cesium's
+  // wider singularity tolerance, which would discard it here.
+  const angles = headingPitchRoll(surface, direction, up, 1e-14);
   let roll = math.toDegrees(angles.roll);
   if (roll > 180) roll -= 360;
   return {
diff --git a/src/globe/navara/cameraMath.test.mjs b/src/globe/navara/cameraMath.test.mjs
index 8fddd9090..6f78874fe 100644
--- a/src/globe/navara/cameraMath.test.mjs
+++ b/src/globe/navara/cameraMath.test.mjs
@@ -116,12 +116,11 @@ test('navaraPose gives Navara setCamera degrees in the same convention', () => {
   near(pose.lng, -70, 1e-9, 'lng');
   near(pose.lat, 45, 1e-9, 'lat');
   near(pose.height, 25000, 1e-6, 'height');
-  near(pose.heading, math.toDegrees(1.2), 1e-9, 'heading (deg)');
-  near(pose.pitch, math.toDegrees(-0.6), 1e-9, 'pitch (deg)');
-  near(pose.roll, math.toDegrees(-0.05), 1e-9, 'roll (deg) in (−180, 180]');
-  // Back through the same convention, the basis is unchanged.
+  assert.ok(pose.heading >= 0 && pose.heading <= 360);
+  assert.ok(pose.roll > -180 && pose.roll <= 180);
+  // Navara uses the surface frame at lng/lat to reconstruct the basis.
   const back = orientationVectors(
-    camera.position,
+    cartesian3.fromDegrees(pose.lng, pose.lat, 0),
     math.toRadians(pose.heading),
     math.toRadians(pose.pitch),
     math.toRadians(pose.roll),
@@ -358,3 +357,24 @@ test("horizonVisible agrees with Cesium's EllipsoidalOccluder, also at the limb"
   assert.equal(horizonVisible(eye, buried), false);
   assert.equal(horizonVisible(eye, lifted), true);
 });
+
+test('Navara high-orbit angles reconstruct the exact requested world basis', () => {
+  for (const height of [0, 25000, 420000, 2e7, 4.5e7])
+    for (const lat of [-70, -45, 15, 45, 70]) {
+      const camera = cameraAt(-70, lat, height, 1.2, -1.4, -0.05);
+      const pose = navaraPose(camera.position, camera.direction, camera.up);
+      const back = orientationVectors(
+        cartesian3.fromDegrees(pose.lng, pose.lat, 0),
+        math.toRadians(pose.heading),
+        math.toRadians(pose.pitch),
+        math.toRadians(pose.roll),
+      );
+      near(
+        cartesian3.distance(back.direction, camera.direction),
+        0,
+        1e-12,
+        'high orbit direction',
+      );
+      near(cartesian3.distance(back.up, camera.up), 0, 1e-12, 'high orbit up');
+    }
+});
diff --git a/src/globe/navara/cameraModel.test.mjs b/src/globe/navara/cameraModel.test.mjs
index b45604846..7386ab21d 100644
--- a/src/globe/navara/cameraModel.test.mjs
+++ b/src/globe/navara/cameraModel.test.mjs
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ function createFakePort() {
       port.drawn = {
         position,
         ...orientationVectors(
-          position,
+          cartesian3.fromDegrees(pose.lng, pose.lat, 0),
           math.toRadians(pose.heading),
           math.toRadians(pitch),
           math.toRadians(pose.roll),
@@ -127,8 +127,14 @@ test('setView updates the pose at once and pushes the Navara pose in degrees', (
   near(pose.roll, 0.05, 1e-12, 'roll');
   const pushed = port.applied.at(-1);
   near(pushed.lng, -70, 1e-9, 'lng');
-  near(pushed.heading, math.toDegrees(1.2), 1e-9, 'heading (deg)');
-  near(pushed.roll, math.toDegrees(0.05), 1e-9, 'roll (deg)');
+  port.update();
+  near(
+    cartesian3.distance(port.drawn.direction, pose.direction),
+    0,
+    1e-12,
+    'drawn direction',
+  );
+  near(cartesian3.distance(port.drawn.up, pose.up), 0, 1e-12, 'drawn up');
   assert.ok(port.frames > 0, 'no frame was requested');
 });
 
diff --git a/src/globe/navara/createNavaraEngine.test.mjs b/src/globe/navara/createNavaraEngine.test.mjs
index 219adc231..2dc649b60 100644
--- a/src/globe/navara/createNavaraEngine.test.mjs
+++ b/src/globe/navara/createNavaraEngine.test.mjs
@@ -214,7 +214,20 @@ test("the camera starts from Navara's drawn camera and pushes poses with setCame
   engine.camera.setView({ destination: cartesian3.fromDegrees(20, 10, 1e6) });
   const [, pose] = view.calls.findLast(([name]) => name === 'setCamera');
   near(pose.lng, 20, 1e-9, 'lng');
-  near(pose.pitch, -90, 1e-9, 'pitch');
+  const drawn = orientationVectors(
+    cartesian3.fromDegrees(pose.lng, pose.lat, 0),
+    math.toRadians(pose.heading),
+    math.toRadians(pose.pitch),
+    math.toRadians(pose.roll),
+  );
+  const desired = engine.camera.pose();
+  near(
+    cartesian3.distance(drawn.direction, desired.direction),
+    0,
+    1e-12,
+    'world direction',
+  );
+  near(cartesian3.distance(drawn.up, desired.up), 0, 1e-12, 'world up');
 });
 
 test("Navara's fov follows Cesium's vertical fov, also after a resize", () => {
diff --git a/src/globe/navara/index.js b/src/globe/navara/index.js
index c26e48001..f47f6ff2d 100644
--- a/src/globe/navara/index.js
+++ b/src/globe/navara/index.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // the product way (viewOptions.js) and the GlobeEngine on it. Load it with a
 // dynamic import() so Navara stays out of the Cesium-mode bundle.
 
-import ThreeView from '@navaramap/three';
+import ThreeView, { MeshDesc } from '@navaramap/three';
 import * as geo from '../../geo/index.js';
 import { DefaultPlugin } from '@navaramap/three-default-plugin';
 import { createNavaraEngine } from './createNavaraEngine.js';
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ export async function createNavaraGlobe({
   return {
     view,
     engine,
+    MeshDesc,
     destroy() {
       if (destroyed) return;
       destroyed = true;
diff --git a/src/layers/launches/index.js b/src/layers/launches/index.js
index 4286325d5..feb7dbb00 100644
--- a/src/layers/launches/index.js
+++ b/src/layers/launches/index.js
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ export function createRocketLaunchesLayer({ services, source }) {
               }
             : null,
           padVisible: state._launchPadZonePrimitive?.show === true,
+          padHeightM: state._launchPadZonePrimitive?.heightM ?? null,
         };
       },
       satelliteParamsForSpaceMissions:
diff --git a/src/layers/launches/lifecycle.js b/src/layers/launches/lifecycle.js
index f33560fac..77d66e102 100644
--- a/src/layers/launches/lifecycle.js
+++ b/src/layers/launches/lifecycle.js
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ export function createLifecycle({
       layerState._updateDirty = false;
       if (layerState._dataSource) layerState._dataSource.show = true;
       parts.orbitRendering.syncMissionOrbitPrimitiveVisibility();
+      // Snapshot the existing follow before the mission flight releases it.
+      await parts.ingestion.captureSatelliteDependency();
       parts.selection.focusFullGlobe(layerState._viewer);
       document.getElementById('cockpit-context')?.setAttribute('hidden', '');
       if (layerState._selectedLaunchId)
@@ -88,7 +90,6 @@ export function createLifecycle({
           layerState._explicitSelection,
         );
       else parts.selection.setSelectedMission(null, false);
-      await parts.ingestion.captureSatelliteDependency();
     },
 
     async disable() {
diff --git a/src/layers/launches/lifecycleSnapshot.test.mjs b/src/layers/launches/lifecycleSnapshot.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec7fdbda8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/launches/lifecycleSnapshot.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { createLifecycle } from './lifecycle.js';
+test('missions preserve the satellite target before their focus flight releases it', async () => {
+  const previous = globalThis.document;
+  globalThis.document = { getElementById: () => null };
+  try {
+    let target = 25544,
+      snapshot = null;
+    const lifecycle = createLifecycle({
+      state: { _dataSource: { show: false }, _viewer: {} },
+      services: { render: {} },
+      parts: {
+        orbitRendering: { syncMissionOrbitPrimitiveVisibility() {} },
+        selection: {
+          focusFullGlobe() {
+            target = null;
+          },
+          setSelectedMission() {},
+        },
+        ingestion: {
+          async captureSatelliteDependency() {
+            snapshot = target;
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    });
+    await lifecycle.methods._enableBody();
+    assert.equal(target, null);
+    assert.equal(
+      snapshot,
+      25544,
+      'mission camera must not erase the restoration target',
+    );
+  } finally {
+    if (previous === undefined) delete globalThis.document;
+    else globalThis.document = previous;
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/launches/orbitRendering.js b/src/layers/launches/orbitRendering.js
index 10d5191b1..6d1915ed0 100644
--- a/src/layers/launches/orbitRendering.js
+++ b/src/layers/launches/orbitRendering.js
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ export function createOrbitRendering({
       new Date(appClock.now()),
       collection.modelMatrix,
     );
+    getRenderer().commitOrbit(collection);
     layerState._missionOrbitPrimitives.set(launch.id, {
       primitive: collection,
       basePositions: orbitPath,
diff --git a/src/layers/launches/render/navara.js b/src/layers/launches/render/navara.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48a1421fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/launches/render/navara.js
@@ -0,0 +1,565 @@
+// Mission points, paths and the documented flat pad disc on Navara.
+import * as geo from '../../../geo/index.js';
+import {
+  Group,
+  Mesh,
+  CircleGeometry,
+  RingGeometry,
+  MeshBasicMaterial,
+  DoubleSide,
+} from 'three';
+import { createMoverBank } from '../../aircraft/render/navara.js';
+import { createEngineLayerView } from '../../shared/render/engineView.js';
+import { registerViewerEngine } from '../../../globe/cesium/engineFromViewer.js';
+import { selectionDispatcherFor } from '../../../data/selectionDispatcher.js';
+import { LAUNCH_PAD_ZONE_RADIUS_M } from '../policy.js';
+
+const PAD_KIND = 'gevLaunchPad';
+const registered = new WeakSet();
+const read = (v, time) =>
+  typeof v?.getValue === 'function' ? v.getValue(time) : v;
+const property = (v) =>
+  typeof v?.getValue === 'function' ? v : { getValue: () => v };
+const rgba = (c) => (c ? [c.red, c.green, c.blue, c.alpha] : [1, 1, 1, 1]);
+export function createLaunchesNavaraRenderer(
+  engine,
+  { view: nativeView, MeshDesc } = {},
+) {
+  let destroyed = false,
+    sequence = 0,
+    inFrame = false,
+    queued = false,
+    bankVisibility = false;
+  const sources = new Set(),
+    banks = new Map(),
+    dirty = new Set(),
+    primitives = new Set();
+  const flush = () => {
+    queued = false;
+    for (const bank of dirty) bank.commit();
+    dirty.clear();
+  };
+  const touch = (bank) => {
+    dirty.add(bank);
+    if (!inFrame && !queued) {
+      queued = true;
+      queueMicrotask(flush);
+    }
+  };
+  const fields = { position: null, color: null, show: true };
+  const pointBank = (record, graphic, sprite) => {
+    const time = engine.clock.now(),
+      size =
+        read(sprite ? graphic.width : graphic.pixelSize, time) ??
+        (sprite ? 24 : 5);
+    const image = sprite ? read(graphic.image, time) : null;
+    const outline = rgba(
+      read(graphic.outlineColor, time) ?? {
+        red: 0,
+        green: 0,
+        blue: 0,
+        alpha: 1,
+      },
+    );
+    const outlineWidth = read(graphic.outlineWidth, time) ?? 0;
+    const key = [
+      sprite ? 'sprite' : 'point',
+      size,
+      outlineWidth,
+      ...outline,
+      image ?? '',
+    ].join(':');
+    let bank = banks.get(key);
+    if (!bank) {
+      const id = ++sequence;
+      bank = createMoverBank(engine, {
+        options: (capacity, generation) => ({
+          id: `launches-${id}-${generation}`,
+          kind: sprite ? 'sprite' : 'point',
+          capacity,
+          pickable: true,
+          depthTest: 'always',
+          ...(sprite
+            ? {
+                sprite: {
+                  sizePx: size,
+                  atlas: {
+                    ...(typeof image === 'string'
+                      ? { url: image }
+                      : { canvas: image }),
+                    cells: { reticle: [0, 0, 1, 1] },
+                  },
+                },
+              }
+            : {
+                point: {
+                  sizePx: size,
+                  outlinePx: outlineWidth,
+                  outlineColor: outline,
+                },
+              }),
+        }),
+        write: (point, set, index) =>
+          set.set(index, {
+            position: point.position,
+            color: point.color,
+            show: point.show,
+            pickId: point.record.entity.id,
+            ...(sprite ? { cell: 'reticle' } : {}),
+          }),
+        onCommit: touch,
+      });
+      banks.set(key, bank);
+      bank.setVisible(bankVisibility);
+    }
+    return bank;
+  };
+  const syncPoint = (point, graphic, record) => {
+    const time = engine.clock.now();
+    if (
+      !record.source.show ||
+      !record.entity.show ||
+      read(graphic.show, time) === false
+    ) {
+      if (point.show) {
+        point.show = false;
+        fields.position = point.position;
+        fields.color = point.color;
+        fields.show = false;
+        point.gevBank.update(point, fields);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    const p = read(record.entity.position, time),
+      c = read(graphic.color, time);
+    const shown = Boolean(p);
+    const red = c?.red ?? 1,
+      green = c?.green ?? 1,
+      blue = c?.blue ?? 1,
+      alpha = c?.alpha ?? 1;
+    if (
+      p &&
+      (point.position.x !== p.x ||
+        point.position.y !== p.y ||
+        point.position.z !== p.z ||
+        point.show !== shown ||
+        red !== point.color[0] ||
+        green !== point.color[1] ||
+        blue !== point.color[2] ||
+        alpha !== point.color[3])
+    ) {
+      geo.cartesian3.clone(p, point.position);
+      point.color[0] = red;
+      point.color[1] = green;
+      point.color[2] = blue;
+      point.color[3] = alpha;
+      point.show = shown;
+      fields.position = point.position;
+      fields.color = point.color;
+      fields.show = shown;
+      point.gevBank.update(point, fields);
+    } else if (point.show !== shown) {
+      point.show = shown;
+      fields.position = point.position;
+      fields.color = point.color;
+      fields.show = shown;
+      point.gevBank.update(point, fields);
+    }
+  };
+  const syncEntity = (record) => {
+    for (const point of record.points) syncPoint(point, point.graphic, record);
+    if (record.line) {
+      const show = Boolean(
+        record.source.show &&
+        record.entity.show &&
+        read(record.entity.polyline.show, engine.clock.now()) !== false,
+      );
+      if (show !== record.lineVisible) {
+        record.lineVisible = show;
+        record.line.show(show);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+  const sync = () => {
+    let visible = false;
+    for (const source of sources)
+      if (source.show) {
+        visible = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    if (visible !== bankVisibility) {
+      bankVisibility = visible;
+      for (const bank of banks.values()) bank.setVisible(visible);
+    }
+    for (const source of sources)
+      for (const record of source.records.values()) syncEntity(record);
+  };
+  const frame = (run) => {
+    inFrame = true;
+    try {
+      return run();
+    } finally {
+      sync();
+      inFrame = false;
+      flush();
+    }
+  };
+  const adapter = createEngineLayerView(engine, {
+    layerId: 'rocket-launches',
+    wrap: frame,
+    isDestroyed: () => destroyed,
+  });
+  const view = adapter.view;
+  view.container = engine.host.container;
+  view.scene.canvas = engine.host.canvas;
+  view.scene.preUpdate = engine.frames.preUpdate;
+  view.scene.preRender = engine.frames.preRender;
+  view.scene.postRender = engine.frames.postRender;
+  view.scene.requestRender = () => engine.render.request('rocket-launches');
+  Object.defineProperty(view, 'trackedEntity', {
+    get: () => engine.camera.following(),
+    set: (value) => {
+      if (!value) engine.camera.following()?.stop();
+    },
+  });
+  view.camera.cancelFlight = () => engine.camera.cancelFlight();
+  view.camera.lookAt = (target, offset) => engine.camera.lookAt(target, offset);
+  view.camera.lookAtTransform = (matrix, offset) =>
+    engine.camera.lookAtTransform(matrix, offset);
+  view.camera.setView = (options) => engine.camera.setView(options);
+  view.camera.flyTo = ({ easingFunction, ...options }) =>
+    engine.camera.flyTo({ ...options, easing: 'cubicInOut' });
+  view.camera.flyToBoundingSphere = (
+    sphere,
+    { offset, easingFunction, ...options } = {},
+  ) =>
+    engine.camera.flyToSphere(sphere, {
+      ...options,
+      ...offset,
+      easing: 'cubicInOut',
+    });
+  const unregister = registerViewerEngine(view, engine);
+  const clearSource = (source) => {
+    for (const record of source.records.values()) {
+      for (const point of record.points) point.gevBank?.remove(point);
+      record.line?.destroy();
+    }
+    source.records.clear();
+    source.entitiesArray.length = 0;
+  };
+  const addEntity = (source, spec) => {
+    const record = {
+      source,
+      entity: null,
+      points: [],
+      line: null,
+      lineVisible: null,
+    };
+    let shown = spec.show !== false;
+    const entity = {
+      ...spec,
+      position: spec.position ? property(spec.position) : undefined,
+    };
+    record.entity = entity;
+    Object.defineProperty(entity, 'show', {
+      get: () => shown,
+      set: (value) => {
+        shown = Boolean(value);
+        syncEntity(record);
+      },
+    });
+    for (const name of ['point', 'billboard', 'polyline'])
+      if (spec[name]) {
+        const values = Object.fromEntries(
+          Object.entries(spec[name]).map(([k, v]) => [k, property(v)]),
+        );
+        entity[name] = new Proxy(values, {
+          set: (target, key, value) => {
+            target[key] = property(value);
+            syncEntity(record);
+            return true;
+          },
+        });
+      }
+    source.records.set(entity.id, record);
+    source.entitiesArray.push(entity);
+    for (const name of ['point', 'billboard'])
+      if (entity[name]) {
+        const graphic = entity[name],
+          p = read(entity.position, engine.clock.now());
+        const point = {
+          record,
+          graphic,
+          position: geo.cartesian3.clone(p ?? geo.cartesian3.ZERO),
+          color: new Float64Array(
+            rgba(read(graphic.color, engine.clock.now())),
+          ),
+          show: false,
+          gevBank: null,
+          gevIndex: -1,
+        };
+        record.points.push(point);
+        pointBank(record, graphic, name === 'billboard').add(point);
+      }
+    if (spec.polyline) {
+      const material = read(entity.polyline.material, engine.clock.now());
+      const color = material?.kind ? material.color : material;
+      const dash =
+        material?.kind === 'tactical'
+          ? 'tactical'
+          : material?.kind === 'dash'
+            ? {
+                lengthPx:
+                  material.dashLength /
+                  (material.dashPattern === 0xaaaa ? 16 : 4),
+                gapPx:
+                  material.dashLength /
+                  (material.dashPattern === 0xaaaa ? 16 : 4),
+              }
+            : null;
+      record.line = engine.lines.createLine({
+        id: `launch-entity-${++sequence}`,
+        pickId: entity.id,
+        widthPx: read(entity.polyline.width, engine.clock.now()) ?? 2,
+        color: rgba(color),
+        dash,
+        arc: 'none',
+      });
+      record.line.setPositions(
+        read(entity.polyline.positions, engine.clock.now()),
+      );
+    }
+    syncEntity(record);
+    return entity;
+  };
+  const createDataSource = () => {
+    let visible = false;
+    const source = {
+      records: new Map(),
+      entitiesArray: [],
+      get show() {
+        return visible;
+      },
+      set show(value) {
+        visible = Boolean(value);
+        sync();
+      },
+      entities: {},
+    };
+    Object.defineProperty(source.entities, 'values', {
+      get: () => source.entitiesArray,
+    });
+    source.entities.getById = (id) => source.records.get(id)?.entity;
+    source.entities.removeAll = () => clearSource(source);
+    sources.add(source);
+    return source;
+  };
+  const createPad = (launch) => {
+    const group = new Group();
+    group.matrixAutoUpdate = false;
+    group.frustumCulled = false;
+    const fill = new Mesh(
+      new CircleGeometry(LAUNCH_PAD_ZONE_RADIUS_M, 96),
+      new MeshBasicMaterial({
+        color: 0x22e6e6,
+        transparent: true,
+        opacity: 0.105,
+        side: DoubleSide,
+        depthWrite: false,
+        polygonOffset: true,
+        polygonOffsetFactor: -1,
+        polygonOffsetUnits: -4,
+      }),
+    );
+    const rim = new Mesh(
+      new RingGeometry(
+        LAUNCH_PAD_ZONE_RADIUS_M * 0.952,
+        LAUNCH_PAD_ZONE_RADIUS_M * 0.985,
+        96,
+      ),
+      new MeshBasicMaterial({
+        color: 0x22e6e6,
+        transparent: true,
+        opacity: 0.687,
+        side: DoubleSide,
+        depthWrite: false,
+        polygonOffset: true,
+        polygonOffsetFactor: -1,
+        polygonOffsetUnits: -4,
+      }),
+    );
+    fill.frustumCulled = false;
+    rim.frustumCulled = false;
+    rim.renderOrder = 1;
+    group.add(fill, rim);
+    let padHeightM = 0;
+    let dead = false,
+      freed = false;
+    const dispose = () => {
+      if (freed) return;
+      freed = true;
+      for (const mesh of [fill, rim]) {
+        mesh.geometry.dispose();
+        mesh.material.dispose();
+      }
+    };
+    const place = (height) => {
+      if (dead) return;
+      padHeightM = Number.isFinite(height) ? height : 0;
+      group.matrix.fromArray(
+        geo.transforms.eastNorthUpToFixedFrame(
+          geo.cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+            launch.lon,
+            launch.lat,
+            Number.isFinite(height) ? height : 0,
+          ),
+          geo.ellipsoid.WGS84,
+        ),
+      );
+      group.matrixWorldNeedsUpdate = true;
+      engine.render.request('launch-pad');
+    };
+    // W1 parity decision: a flat ellipsoid disc, not terrain classification.
+    // A coarse tile height sampled during the focus flight can be kilometres off.
+    place(0);
+    let handle;
+    if (nativeView) {
+      if (!registered.has(nativeView)) {
+        registered.add(nativeView);
+        nativeView.registerMesh(
+          PAD_KIND,
+          class extends MeshDesc {
+            constructor(view, ctx, config) {
+              super(view, ctx, config);
+              this.pad = config[PAD_KIND];
+            }
+            createMesh() {
+              return this.pad.group;
+            }
+            onDestroy() {
+              this.pad.dispose();
+              super.onDestroy();
+            }
+          },
+        );
+      }
+      handle = nativeView.addMesh({ [PAD_KIND]: { group, dispose } });
+    }
+    const pad = {
+      get heightM() {
+        return padHeightM;
+      },
+      get show() {
+        return group.visible;
+      },
+      set show(value) {
+        if (group.visible === Boolean(value)) return;
+        group.visible = Boolean(value);
+        engine.render.request('launch-pad');
+      },
+      destroy() {
+        if (dead) return;
+        dead = true;
+        handle?.delete();
+        dispose();
+        primitives.delete(pad);
+        engine.render.request('launch-pad');
+      },
+    };
+    primitives.add(pad);
+    return pad;
+  };
+  const listenClick = (source, listener, { enabled = () => true } = {}) => {
+    const remove = selectionDispatcherFor(engine).register('rocket-launches', {
+      owns: (id) => source.records.has(id),
+      onClick: (event) => {
+        if (!enabled()) return;
+        const entity = [event.picked, ...event.drilled]
+          .map((p) => source.entities.getById(p?.id))
+          .find(Boolean);
+        listener(entity);
+      },
+    });
+    return { destroy: remove };
+  };
+  return {
+    kind: 'navara',
+    engine,
+    view,
+    time: (epoch) => epoch,
+    occluder: () => ({
+      cameraPosition: null,
+      isPointVisible: (p) => engine.projector.horizonVisible(p),
+    }),
+    callback: (fn) => ({ getValue: fn }),
+    range: (heading, pitch, range) => ({ heading, pitch, range }),
+    easing: undefined,
+    createDataSource,
+    addEntity,
+    removeDataSource(source) {
+      clearSource(source);
+      sources.delete(source);
+      sync();
+    },
+    dash: (options) => ({ kind: 'dash', ...options }),
+    patternMaterial: (color) => ({ kind: 'tactical', color }),
+    createOrbit({ positions, width, color }) {
+      const line = engine.lines.createLine({
+        id: `launch-orbit-${++sequence}`,
+        widthPx: width,
+        color: rgba(color),
+        dash: 'tactical',
+        arc: 'none',
+      });
+      line.setPositions(positions);
+      let visible = true;
+      const primitive = {
+        modelMatrix: geo.matrix4.clone(geo.matrix4.IDENTITY),
+        get show() {
+          return visible;
+        },
+        set show(value) {
+          if (visible === Boolean(value)) return;
+          visible = Boolean(value);
+          line.show(visible);
+        },
+        destroy() {
+          line.destroy();
+          primitives.delete(primitive);
+        },
+        line,
+      };
+      primitives.add(primitive);
+      return primitive;
+    },
+    commitOrbit: (primitive) =>
+      primitive.line.setModelMatrix(primitive.modelMatrix),
+    createPad,
+    removePrimitive: (primitive) => primitive.destroy(),
+    project: (p, r) => engine.projector.worldToWindow(p, r),
+    on: (event, listener) => view.on(event, listener),
+    listenClick,
+    listenMove: (source, listener, { enabled = () => true } = {}) => ({
+      destroy: engine.input.on('move', (event) => {
+        if (enabled())
+          listener(
+            engine.picker
+              .drillPick(event.endPosition, 12)
+              .map((p) => source.entities.getById(p.id))
+              .find(Boolean),
+          );
+      }),
+    }),
+    destroy() {
+      destroyed = true;
+      for (const source of sources) clearSource(source);
+      sources.clear();
+      for (const primitive of [...primitives]) primitive.destroy();
+      for (const bank of banks.values()) bank.destroy();
+      banks.clear();
+      dirty.clear();
+      unregister();
+      adapter.destroy();
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/layers/launches/render/navara.test.mjs b/src/layers/launches/render/navara.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85385636e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/launches/render/navara.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import * as geo from '../../../geo/index.js';
+import { createFakeEngine } from '../../../globe/testing/fakeEngine.js';
+import { WHITE } from '../../shared/color.js';
+import { createLaunchesNavaraRenderer } from './navara.js';
+
+const position = geo.cartesian3.fromDegrees(0, 0, 1000);
+test('mission bank growth, callbacks and source visibility write actual mover stores', async () => {
+  const engine = createFakeEngine();
+  const renderer = createLaunchesNavaraRenderer(engine);
+  const source = renderer.createDataSource();
+  let sample = position;
+  for (let i = 0; i < 1100; i++)
+    renderer.addEntity(source, {
+      id: `rocket-launch:${i}`,
+      position: renderer.callback(() => sample),
+      point: { pixelSize: 6, color: WHITE, show: true },
+    });
+  const values = source.entities.values;
+  source.show = true;
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  const listed = engine.movers.list();
+  assert.equal(listed.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(listed[0].count, 1100);
+  const set = engine.fake.moverSet(listed[0].id);
+  assert.equal(set.store.pickIds[1000], 'rocket-launch:1000');
+  const remove = renderer.on('preRender', () => {});
+  sample = { x: 1, y: 2, z: 3 };
+  engine.fake.frame();
+  assert.deepEqual([...set.store.positions.slice(0, 3)], [1, 2, 3]);
+  assert.equal(source.entities.values, values);
+  source.entities.getById('rocket-launch:0').point.show = false;
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  assert.equal(set.store.shows[0], 0);
+  source.show = false;
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  assert.equal(engine.movers.list()[0].count, 0);
+  const commits = engine.fake.moverSet(listed[0].id).commits;
+  sample = { x: 7, y: 8, z: 9 };
+  engine.fake.resetCalls();
+  engine.fake.frames(3);
+  assert.equal(engine.fake.moverSet(listed[0].id).commits, commits);
+  assert.equal(
+    engine.fake.renderRequests,
+    0,
+    'hidden motion must not sustain rendering',
+  );
+  source.show = true;
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  assert.equal(engine.movers.list()[0].count, 1100);
+  source.entities.removeAll();
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  assert.equal(values.length, 0);
+  assert.equal(engine.movers.list()[0].count, 0);
+  remove();
+  renderer.destroy();
+  assert.equal(engine.movers.list().length, 0);
+  engine.destroy();
+});
+
+test('mission lines retain dash styles and orbit matrices and release on removal', () => {
+  const engine = createFakeEngine();
+  const renderer = createLaunchesNavaraRenderer(engine);
+  const source = renderer.createDataSource();
+  source.show = true;
+  const entity = renderer.addEntity(source, {
+    id: 'rocket-transfer:x',
+    polyline: {
+      positions: [position, { x: 0, y: 6778137, z: 0 }],
+      width: 2,
+      material: renderer.dash({
+        color: WHITE,
+        dashLength: 24,
+        dashPattern: 0xf0f0,
+      }),
+    },
+  });
+  const first = engine.lines.list()[0];
+  assert.deepEqual(engine.fake.line(first.id).options.dash, {
+    kind: 'pixels',
+    lengthPx: 6,
+    gapPx: 6,
+  });
+  entity.show = false;
+  assert.equal(engine.lines.list()[0].shown, false);
+  const orbit = renderer.createOrbit({
+    positions: [position, { x: 0, y: 6778137, z: 0 }],
+    width: 3,
+    color: WHITE,
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(orbit.modelMatrix, geo.matrix4.IDENTITY);
+  orbit.modelMatrix[12] = 42;
+  renderer.commitOrbit(orbit);
+  assert.equal(engine.fake.line(engine.lines.list()[1].id).modelMatrix[12], 42);
+  renderer.removePrimitive(orbit);
+  renderer.removeDataSource(source);
+  assert.equal(engine.lines.list().length, 0);
+  renderer.destroy();
+  engine.destroy();
+});
+
+test('mission hover uses engine drillPick and obeys disabled state', () => {
+  const engine = createFakeEngine();
+  const renderer = createLaunchesNavaraRenderer(engine);
+  const source = renderer.createDataSource();
+  const entity = renderer.addEntity(source, {
+    id: 'rocket-launch:x',
+    position,
+    point: { pixelSize: 6, color: WHITE },
+  });
+  engine.fake.script('drillPick', [{ id: entity.id }]);
+  let enabled = true,
+    hovered = null;
+  const handler = renderer.listenMove(
+    source,
+    (e) => {
+      hovered = e;
+    },
+    { enabled: () => enabled },
+  );
+  engine.fake.input('move', { endPosition: { x: 1, y: 2 } });
+  assert.equal(hovered, entity);
+  enabled = false;
+  hovered = null;
+  engine.fake.input('move', { endPosition: { x: 1, y: 2 } });
+  assert.equal(hovered, null);
+  handler.destroy();
+  renderer.destroy();
+  engine.destroy();
+});
+
+test('flat pad uses a native mesh description, ellipsoid ENU placement and idempotent disposal', () => {
+  const engine = createFakeEngine();
+  engine.fake.script('sampleHeight', 125);
+  let config,
+    removed = 0;
+  const view = {
+    registerMesh() {},
+    addMesh(value) {
+      config = value;
+      return {
+        delete() {
+          removed++;
+        },
+      };
+    },
+  };
+  const renderer = createLaunchesNavaraRenderer(engine, {
+    view,
+    MeshDesc: class {},
+  });
+  const pad = renderer.createPad({ id: 'x', lon: 0, lat: 0 });
+  assert.equal(
+    engine.fake.callsOf('surface.sampleHeight').length,
+    0,
+    'flat pad must not sample a coarse tile',
+  );
+  const group = config.gevLaunchPad.group;
+  assert.equal(group.children.length, 2);
+  assert.equal(group.matrix.elements[12], 6378137);
+  assert.equal(group.children[0].material.polygonOffsetUnits, -4);
+  pad.show = false;
+  assert.equal(group.visible, false);
+  pad.destroy();
+  pad.destroy();
+  assert.equal(removed, 1);
+  renderer.destroy();
+  engine.destroy();
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/satellites/interaction.js b/src/layers/satellites/interaction.js
index 87c80ac1e..741602a78 100644
--- a/src/layers/satellites/interaction.js
+++ b/src/layers/satellites/interaction.js
@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ export function createInteraction({
             layerState._viewer &&
             ((getRenderer().follow.current() &&
               getRenderer().follow.current() !== layerState._trackedEntity) ||
-              (getRenderer().kind === 'navara' &&
-                !getRenderer().follow.current() &&
+              (!getRenderer().follow.current() &&
                 !getRenderer().follow.releasing()))
           ) {
             parts.tracking._clearTracking(true, {
diff --git a/src/layers/satellites/interaction.test.mjs b/src/layers/satellites/interaction.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08cf490d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layers/satellites/interaction.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { createEngineEvent } from '../../globe/contract.js';
+import { createInteraction } from './interaction.js';
+test('external null follow clears satellite state on Cesium; own release stays guarded', () => {
+  const previous = globalThis.document;
+  globalThis.document = new EventTarget();
+  try {
+    const changed = createEngineEvent();
+    let current = null,
+      releasing = false;
+    const calls = [];
+    const renderer = {
+      kind: 'cesium',
+      follow: {
+        onChanged: (fn) => changed.addEventListener(fn),
+        current: () => current,
+        releasing: () => releasing,
+      },
+      listenClick: () => ({ destroy() {} }),
+    };
+    const state = {
+      _enabled: true,
+      _trackedNorad: 25544,
+      _viewer: {},
+      _trackedEntity: { id: 'own' },
+    };
+    const interaction = createInteraction({
+      state,
+      services: { picking: {} },
+      parts: { tracking: { _clearTracking: (...args) => calls.push(args) } },
+      getRenderer: () => renderer,
+    });
+    interaction._installClickHandler(state._viewer);
+    releasing = true;
+    changed.raiseEvent();
+    assert.equal(calls.length, 0);
+    releasing = false;
+    changed.raiseEvent();
+    assert.equal(calls.length, 1);
+    assert.equal(calls[0][0], true);
+    current = state._trackedEntity;
+    changed.raiseEvent();
+    assert.equal(calls.length, 1);
+    current = { id: 'foreign' };
+    changed.raiseEvent();
+    assert.equal(calls.length, 2);
+    state._trackedEntityChangedRemove();
+  } finally {
+    if (previous === undefined) delete globalThis.document;
+    else globalThis.document = previous;
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/layers/satellites/render/cesium.js b/src/layers/satellites/render/cesium.js
index 5582d8a15..8dd6e524c 100644
--- a/src/layers/satellites/render/cesium.js
+++ b/src/layers/satellites/render/cesium.js
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-// Satellite drawing and native follow, extracted unchanged from the layer.
+// Satellite drawing and guarded native follow.
 import * as Cesium from 'cesium';
 import { isPointerFree } from '../../../data/inputOwnership.js';
 
 export function createSatellitesCesiumRenderer(engine, { viewer } = {}) {
+  let releasing = false;
+  let starting = null;
   return {
     kind: 'cesium',
     engine,
@@ -70,23 +72,37 @@ export function createSatellitesCesiumRenderer(engine, { viewer } = {}) {
     removeTracked: (entity) => viewer?.entities.remove(entity),
     follow: {
       start: (entity) => {
-        if (engine) {
-          engine.camera.follow({
-            native: entity,
-            position: () => entity.position.getValue(viewer.clock.currentTime),
-            viewFrom: () => entity.viewFrom.getValue(viewer.clock.currentTime),
-          });
-        } else {
-          viewer.camera?.cancelFlight();
-          viewer.trackedEntity = entity;
+        starting = entity;
+        try {
+          if (engine) {
+            engine.camera.follow({
+              native: entity,
+              position: () =>
+                entity.position.getValue(viewer.clock.currentTime),
+              viewFrom: () =>
+                entity.viewFrom.getValue(viewer.clock.currentTime),
+            });
+          } else {
+            viewer.camera?.cancelFlight();
+            viewer.trackedEntity = entity;
+          }
+        } finally {
+          starting = null;
         }
       },
       release: () => {
-        const current = engine?.camera.following();
-        if (current && current.native === viewer?.trackedEntity) current.stop();
-        else if (viewer) viewer.trackedEntity = undefined;
+        releasing = true;
+        try {
+          const current = engine?.camera.following();
+          if (current && current.native === viewer?.trackedEntity)
+            current.stop();
+          else if (viewer) viewer.trackedEntity = undefined;
+        } finally {
+          releasing = false;
+        }
       },
-      current: () => viewer?.trackedEntity,
+      current: () => starting ?? viewer?.trackedEntity,
+      releasing: () => releasing,
       onChanged: (listener) =>
         viewer.trackedEntityChanged.addEventListener(listener),
     },
diff --git a/src/layers/satellites/render/cesium.test.mjs b/src/layers/satellites/render/cesium.test.mjs
index 1499863a5..ab733a3f4 100644
--- a/src/layers/satellites/render/cesium.test.mjs
+++ b/src/layers/satellites/render/cesium.test.mjs
@@ -52,3 +52,69 @@ test('native satellite follow goes through the shared camera contract', () => {
   assert.equal(options.position(), position);
   assert.deepEqual({ ...options.viewFrom() }, { ...offset });
 });
+
+test('native own follow release is guarded without hiding later external release', () => {
+  const event = new Cesium.Event();
+  let entity = { id: 'satellite' };
+  const viewer = {
+    trackedEntityChanged: event,
+    get trackedEntity() {
+      return entity;
+    },
+    set trackedEntity(value) {
+      entity = value;
+      event.raiseEvent(value);
+    },
+  };
+  const renderer = createSatellitesCesiumRenderer(null, { viewer });
+  const guards = [];
+  renderer.follow.onChanged(() => guards.push(renderer.follow.releasing()));
+  renderer.follow.release();
+  viewer.trackedEntity = { id: 'other' };
+  viewer.trackedEntity = undefined;
+  assert.deepEqual(guards, [true, false, false]);
+  assert.equal(renderer.follow.releasing(), false);
+});
+
+test('native follow takeover reports its starting entity through an intermediate null', () => {
+  const event = new Cesium.Event();
+  let current = { id: 'foreign' };
+  const viewer = {
+    clock: { currentTime: Cesium.JulianDate.now() },
+    trackedEntityChanged: event,
+    get trackedEntity() {
+      return current;
+    },
+    set trackedEntity(v) {
+      current = v;
+      event.raiseEvent();
+    },
+  };
+  const engine = {
+    camera: {
+      follow: ({ native }) => {
+        viewer.trackedEntity = undefined;
+        viewer.trackedEntity = native;
+      },
+    },
+  };
+  const renderer = createSatellitesCesiumRenderer(engine, { viewer });
+  const entity = {
+    id: 'own',
+    position: {
+      getValue() {
+        return geo.cartesian3.ZERO;
+      },
+    },
+    viewFrom: {
+      getValue() {
+        return geo.cartesian3.ZERO;
+      },
+    },
+  };
+  const seen = [];
+  renderer.follow.onChanged(() => seen.push(renderer.follow.current()));
+  renderer.follow.start(entity);
+  assert.deepEqual(seen, [entity, entity]);
+  assert.equal(renderer.follow.current(), entity);
+});