From 5a6cf22be150165e34459ead56a954cdf3a054e9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sameh Khamis <sameh@halfpixel.ai>
Date: Sun, 8 Nov 2026 19:35:30 -0800
Subject: [PATCH] feat(cockpit): the owner flags load at startup from one
 generated 15 KB sheet; the loading status names the place packs while they
 load on first lookup

---
 docs/CURRENT-STATE.md                         |  10 +-
 package-lock.json                             |   3 +-
 package.json                                  |   2 +-
 scripts/build-owner-flags.mjs                 |  93 +++++++++++
 scripts/check-package-boundaries.mjs          |   9 +-
 scripts/format-scope.json                     |   5 +-
 scripts/package-boundaries.json               |   7 +-
 src/data/local_data/owner_flags/README.md     |  17 ++
 .../local_data/owner_flags/owner_flags.png    | Bin 0 -> 15348 bytes
 src/data/placeBelow.js                        |  69 +++++++-
 src/data/placePacksLoading.test.mjs           |  23 +++
 src/i18n/locales/ar.json                      |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/de.json                      |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/es.json                      |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/fr.json                      |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/it.json                      |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/ja.json                      |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/pt.json                      |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/ru.json                      |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/uk.json                      |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json                   |   1 +
 src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json                 |   1 +
 src/layers/satellites/classes.js              |   8 +
 src/tooling/packageBoundaries.test.mjs        |  46 ------
 src/ui/applicationShell.js                    |  29 +++-
 src/ui/cockpitOrbital.test.mjs                |  59 ++++++-
 src/ui/cockpitOrbitalSatellites.js            |   3 +
 src/ui/cockpitOrbitalView.test.mjs            |   6 +-
 src/ui/layerNames.js                          |  13 +-
 src/ui/ownerFlag.js                           | 129 +++++++++------
 src/ui/ownerFlag.test.mjs                     | 154 +++++++++++-------
 src/ui/ownerFlagSheet.js                      | 113 +++++++++++++
 .../shellFeedbackStatusLocalization.test.mjs  |  11 ++
 src/ui/styles/cockpitOrbital.css              |   3 +-
 src/ui/views/panels/CockpitOrbital.vue        |  36 ++--
 35 files changed, 643 insertions(+), 216 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 scripts/build-owner-flags.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/data/local_data/owner_flags/README.md
 create mode 100644 src/data/local_data/owner_flags/owner_flags.png
 create mode 100644 src/data/placePacksLoading.test.mjs
 create mode 100644 src/ui/ownerFlagSheet.js

diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 6d088b232..08dc69d1f 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -1786,15 +1786,19 @@ names it and the country in the reader's language through `Intl.DisplayNames`,
 "Sichuan, China", and from 8× the most prominent populated place within half
 the view's smaller side, so it is in the picture, "Sichuan, China · near
 Chengdu", from a bundled pack of Natural Earth populated places loaded on
-first use; else the smallest named sea, gulf, strait, channel, sound or bay;
+first use (each pack loads on the first lookup that needs it, and the
+top-centre loading status lists "Place names" until it arrives); else the
+smallest named sea, gulf, strait, channel, sound or bay;
 else the ocean; nothing in a coastline gap), at most every 2 s and only after
 20 km of ground travel, or at once when a zoom step changes how much ground
 the view shows. A division or populated-places pack that fails to load drops
 only that part (the country still shows); a lookup that fails outright hides
 the band rather than leave the last place up, and the next HUD beat looks
 again. The readout card puts
-the owner country's flag (an SVG from `flag-icons`, fetched only for the shown
-country) or a text badge for an organisation before the name, the operator
+the owner country's flag (drawn from one 15 KB sheet of every owner
+country's flag, built from `flag-icons` by `scripts/build-owner-flags.mjs`
+and loaded at startup, so a ride never waits for a flag; if the sheet will
+not load the country code shows as a badge) or a text badge for an organisation before the name, the operator
 under it, and a NORAD · COSPAR · TLE-epoch line, ending with the element
 set's age (`<1 H OLD`, then whole hours, then whole days: the gap, either
 side, between the epoch and the world-clock time the satellite is shown at), whose TLE button
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 87c2cb80b..9ab7b43f7 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
         "@meri-imperiumi/eccodes-wasm": "^2.48.2",
         "cesium": "^1.124.0",
         "egm96-universal": "^1.1.1",
-        "flag-icons": "7.5.0",
         "hls.js": "^1.7.3",
         "mapillary-js": "^4.1.2",
         "mgrs": "^2.1.0",
@@ -29,6 +28,7 @@
         "@happy-dom/global-registrator": "^20.14.6",
         "@vitejs/plugin-vue": "^5.2.4",
         "@vue/test-utils": "^2.5.1",
+        "flag-icons": "7.5.0",
         "happy-dom": "^20.14.6",
         "prettier": "3.9.6",
         "puppeteer": "^25.16.0",
@@ -2416,6 +2416,7 @@
       "version": "7.5.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/flag-icons/-/flag-icons-7.5.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-kd+MNXviFIg5hijH766tt+3x76ele1AXlo4zDdCxIvqWZhKt4T83bOtxUOOMlTx/EcFdUMH5yvQgYlFh1EqqFg==",
+      "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/fresh": {
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 3d107667a..76808c084 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@
     "@meri-imperiumi/eccodes-wasm": "^2.48.2",
     "cesium": "^1.124.0",
     "egm96-universal": "^1.1.1",
-    "flag-icons": "7.5.0",
     "hls.js": "^1.7.3",
     "mapillary-js": "^4.1.2",
     "mgrs": "^2.1.0",
@@ -77,6 +76,7 @@
     "@happy-dom/global-registrator": "^20.14.6",
     "@vitejs/plugin-vue": "^5.2.4",
     "@vue/test-utils": "^2.5.1",
+    "flag-icons": "7.5.0",
     "happy-dom": "^20.14.6",
     "prettier": "3.9.6",
     "puppeteer": "^25.16.0",
diff --git a/scripts/build-owner-flags.mjs b/scripts/build-owner-flags.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99b7a7545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/build-owner-flags.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+/**
+ * Build the owner flag sheet the orbital Cockpit marks a satellite's owner
+ * country with (`src/ui/ownerFlag.js`): every flag in OWNER_COUNTRY_CODES
+ * (`src/layers/satellites/classes.js`), drawn from the flag-icons 4:3 SVGs
+ * at twice the readout's 20 × 15 px, in one PNG the app loads at startup.
+ *
+ *   src/data/local_data/owner_flags/owner_flags.png   the sheet
+ *   src/ui/ownerFlagSheet.js                           its layout (generated)
+ *
+ * Flag i (in the sorted code list) sits at column i % COLUMNS, row
+ * floor(i / COLUMNS). A rerun with the same flag-icons and sharp versions
+ * reproduces both files.
+ *
+ * Usage: node scripts/build-owner-flags.mjs
+ */
+
+import { readFile, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { createRequire } from 'node:module';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+import * as prettier from 'prettier';
+import sharp from 'sharp';
+import { OWNER_COUNTRY_CODES } from '../src/layers/satellites/classes.js';
+
+const ROOT = path.resolve(path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), '..');
+const require = createRequire(import.meta.url);
+const FLAGS_DIR = path.join(
+  path.dirname(require.resolve('flag-icons/package.json')),
+  'flags/4x3',
+);
+const FLAG_ICONS_VERSION = require('flag-icons/package.json').version;
+
+/** One flag's cell, CSS pixels × 2. */
+export const CELL = Object.freeze({ width: 40, height: 30 });
+export const COLUMNS = 16;
+
+const SHEET = path.join(
+  ROOT,
+  'src/data/local_data/owner_flags/owner_flags.png',
+);
+const LAYOUT = path.join(ROOT, 'src/ui/ownerFlagSheet.js');
+
+async function flagCell(code) {
+  const svg = await readFile(path.join(FLAGS_DIR, `${code.toLowerCase()}.svg`));
+  return sharp(svg, { density: 300 })
+    .resize(CELL.width, CELL.height, { fit: 'fill' })
+    .png()
+    .toBuffer();
+}
+
+const codes = [...OWNER_COUNTRY_CODES];
+const rows = Math.ceil(codes.length / COLUMNS);
+const cells = await Promise.all(codes.map(flagCell));
+const sheet = await sharp({
+  create: {
+    width: COLUMNS * CELL.width,
+    height: rows * CELL.height,
+    channels: 4,
+    background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+  },
+})
+  .composite(
+    cells.map((input, i) => ({
+      input,
+      left: (i % COLUMNS) * CELL.width,
+      top: Math.floor(i / COLUMNS) * CELL.height,
+    })),
+  )
+  .png({ compressionLevel: 9, palette: true, quality: 100, effort: 10 })
+  .toBuffer();
+await writeFile(SHEET, sheet);
+
+const layout = `// Generated by scripts/build-owner-flags.mjs from flag-icons ${FLAG_ICONS_VERSION}; do not edit.
+/** The owner flag sheet's layout: flag i at column i % columns, row i / columns. */
+export const OWNER_FLAG_SHEET = Object.freeze({
+  cellWidthPx: ${CELL.width},
+  cellHeightPx: ${CELL.height},
+  columns: ${COLUMNS},
+  rows: ${rows},
+  codes: Object.freeze(${JSON.stringify(codes)}),
+});
+`;
+await writeFile(
+  LAYOUT,
+  await prettier.format(layout, {
+    ...(await prettier.resolveConfig(LAYOUT)),
+    filepath: LAYOUT,
+  }),
+);
+console.log(
+  `Wrote ${codes.length} flags (${COLUMNS} × ${rows}), ${(sheet.length / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB.`,
+);
diff --git a/scripts/check-package-boundaries.mjs b/scripts/check-package-boundaries.mjs
index ad5d2bdb2..700dc9a1a 100644
--- a/scripts/check-package-boundaries.mjs
+++ b/scripts/check-package-boundaries.mjs
@@ -109,14 +109,7 @@ export async function checkPackageBoundaries(root) {
             // template blocks belong to the component file itself.
             if (info.id.startsWith('\0')) return;
             const id = info.id.split('?')[0];
-            // A declared dependency also owns the asset files it ships (a
-            // flag-icons SVG imported as a URL) that a glob resolves in place.
-            const dependencyAsset = group.external.some((external) =>
-              id.startsWith(
-                `${normalizePath(path.join(root, 'node_modules', external))}/`,
-              ),
-            );
-            if (!allowed.has(id) && !dependencyAsset) {
+            if (!allowed.has(id)) {
               throw new Error(
                 `Package boundary ${name} imports an unowned module: ${path.relative(root, id)}`,
               );
diff --git a/scripts/format-scope.json b/scripts/format-scope.json
index 0451fb3fa..887c72eb7 100644
--- a/scripts/format-scope.json
+++ b/scripts/format-scope.json
@@ -1363,5 +1363,8 @@
   "src/layers/wildlifeSightings/cache.integration.test.mjs",
   "src/layers/wildlifeSightings/density.test.mjs",
   "src/layers/wildlifeSightings/selection.test.mjs",
-  "server/providers/inaturalist/proxy.fixture.mjs"
+  "server/providers/inaturalist/proxy.fixture.mjs",
+  "scripts/build-owner-flags.mjs",
+  "src/ui/ownerFlagSheet.js",
+  "src/data/placePacksLoading.test.mjs"
 ]
diff --git a/scripts/package-boundaries.json b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
index 829d0713c..997191dbb 100644
--- a/scripts/package-boundaries.json
+++ b/scripts/package-boundaries.json
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
       "src/ui/views/panels/CockpitRadar.vue",
       "src/ui/views/panels/CockpitOrbital.vue",
       "src/ui/ownerFlag.js",
+      "src/ui/ownerFlagSheet.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitPresentation.js",
       "src/data/headingDegrees.js",
       "src/data/distanceFormat.js",
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@
       "src/ui/views/panels/WorldTimeline.vue",
       "src/ui/surfaceKeyboard.js"
     ],
-    "external": ["vue", "pinia", "vue-i18n", "flag-icons"]
+    "external": ["vue", "pinia", "vue-i18n"]
   },
   "time": {
     "exports": ["./time"],
@@ -1068,6 +1069,8 @@
       "src/cockpitOrbitalSatellites.js",
       "src/layers/installations/classLabel.js",
       "src/data/placeBelow.js",
+      "src/ui/ownerFlag.js",
+      "src/ui/ownerFlagSheet.js",
       "src/layers/satellites/sensors.js",
       "src/data/adminBoundaries.js",
       "src/data/bundledJson.js",
@@ -2913,6 +2916,8 @@
       "src/ui/cockpitOrbitalSatellites.js",
       "src/cockpitOrbitalSatellites.js",
       "src/data/placeBelow.js",
+      "src/ui/ownerFlag.js",
+      "src/ui/ownerFlagSheet.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitContext.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitController.js",
       "src/ui/cockpitDisplayPortal.js",
diff --git a/src/data/local_data/owner_flags/README.md b/src/data/local_data/owner_flags/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60a02a919
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/local_data/owner_flags/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Owner flags
+
+`owner_flags.png` is one sheet of every owner country a satellite can be
+marked with (`OWNER_COUNTRY_CODES` in `src/layers/satellites/classes.js`),
+drawn at 40 × 30 px (twice the orbital readout's 20 × 15) in sorted code
+order, 16 to a row. `src/ui/ownerFlag.js` loads it once at startup and draws
+each flag from its cell; the layout is `src/ui/ownerFlagSheet.js`.
+
+**Source:** the 4:3 SVGs of [flag-icons](https://github.com/lipis/flag-icons)
+7.5.0 (a devDependency, used only to build the sheet).
+
+**License:** flag-icons is MIT licensed (© Panayiotis Lipiridis). Country
+flags themselves are not copyrightable designs in most jurisdictions.
+
+**Regenerate:** `node scripts/build-owner-flags.mjs` (after adding an owner
+country, or updating flag-icons). With the same flag-icons and sharp versions
+a rerun reproduces both files byte for byte.
diff --git a/src/data/local_data/owner_flags/owner_flags.png b/src/data/local_data/owner_flags/owner_flags.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd1826a0e44129fa907d5c0a2eec8ca97253e485
GIT binary patch
literal 15348
zcmWk#cRW?^AAioh*S*(>YhQb0Wn{0cYb3HuNaUIgJ0oNqo6L-8kgt&)l2M9lB{M4|
zag8!Vl59V}^T+c#ujia+oX`0@=lQ(fpZAG3HNJF)ik%7oa7JHG=L!G_`1E`ji##oV
z^@Mi-fCQ$7<`)g`cpn`fd1MEczh~nB7T=eCucRj>*Y|EDQ&0BN6$<J@z<%%hw4%@3
z+c`Z<u!#eZf8u$@>5(igxFN}hnhju~a}YQ=Jx==t&;Y&A7cuTnxbr7{U=c913QL@j
z!LM`5fACThr`H8SzS8r8yV{=_#nw3m=c!nMQpuzs7eFTP=W3rU0pJW+Y^6bf^vMJT
z_-~rh;WZGyI|*<gN)42^fxE^%0MJ~g23OL3D`r6NNe2p(#IB~FH3(v_PV?c|FUA1r
z=S=_%u=0SM%izMxNj~Y%5~@dyX8=eCU<_C`PBE#LF|mWEVCHl_4zhoW5!*YvCtr9E
zhr#a_XjGo%BoL@uW&@_=6JrLKCnwbRgfyPZgFbNbM3$B1aS@yJm=OIdPLU+ubM$c-
z@Yq8s2>{tV)<-Aj60zXz0!Y)H1#|$ktcWN}h+aOm%iq2M0Nxx9v25_Mf`Cha2*6iO
zKBC&Ts3tSF`|JgYbzw!h*Rl}gyw&h-X!6&|N51z!0w^^uN5_3o(>~nX*qfd{+S~oH
zyuSN`65_ivT&247_}QPb@*ZnGvc6$)^-$&4wjpP_vAg#M$NHU_4LPOl%04XeXxv}*
z^7-$@i>ra1K*$MLXo?#YM%qcA*g(GmX!XrwdO4I9tQ;m1X}VM7JU)dvCJx5tu};0C
zG}CvOsjhz!Ecfa$^WmQ%7ylPcb;#bAY%;{obkcLX24557)_+UYaY;4RW@k@4t~dGO
z6F&RgHof5H`L4^z;!#e2NzwIZ?wF%Rxv$MZ(%Npvv#urYt2#cu;jO8;`1a|^MJ@6-
zx{Qm|0n+>lk#JCX%5Qo0mX6uQFL|!+?k58k1f`r4UZ$|v3G)~`6+gZFn-1ZD21bU2
z4-eu#e4#^QDQdsj*g2w~sOXs^QCV&55@MpnS~*r${6iGQ-FP4-Hl?qERgHLh-EvVS
z_ZIVi-7U;YOf*P9pc1?*C@oH5#}S6%$FdKx0}ti2*^z})Phj=EVtf^B9Jj7~>gf8^
zP15ZC^q0KT+L|>zwJcc?u6KG1rI+4ypVMV?>ZZsgsP4fPR{(f{zK*7Oz~rwSYMZN;
z%^PaZ2cA56FyI};^Wt+%y@*<UL9Wc0jP<Rx?a2o{k7{aU$AjYXGrlE{`oH|Q<8L}_
z{Gg^!&X@f@gMk*Q(4l&qiLzt}6p4K1HI*~VMf7}Qt;<QaRtf1>yI*;vw=?}UCDUm!
zeCuqAQ9iCMYbNaIWVK~1m+|vxSuAS1Pn+(nD7RS({|dK`{5-{CdV2adx!=FX%)Gp&
zrSkQE4xQ+Zn$TyGM*m&K?@wz;M^gx7`pw$T$*fZCH1GX<<{tB4eMl}M^1~(Om}u2^
z9A+9?qi8wz<Epr)?G&4A(<!kI+@y8-%-8)G;xj*;q<$M9O*1ai0hyO%)Tx7Sa#YML
zvY`2IsKp={FvqybcDPp0xiOH|=GHxI0##3q4YSS($pLA@TXONh%C$s_*y))Hn$3dS
zlEq{lDM;HD6&2qGp!C|5WZ(IHe=M=azT@E;7vaxNm<$B&qmArtARpX$Nlb2n%;DKX
zO)gebdx54P|Ew?t&r4~s6L(Se_()Jj*mb{k<$m+8VE;lem8$hUN)Z)lZ+8~kjz^hN
ztj{W$T7ar`#Je~e@}=UE$g3N-oWCd2>YdE-!rL{hr1@+a0r1C0g;|A3#WqlnHv0|V
zwm^q?X4K#b1456d7kfHv6L#+juSRGwJB&q{$e*@<O#A7d+IvuMPtm0fyn-;5cTnIC
zHH{~WjV9&s+IEc_P=DZ^Wy$&?6SY}z^^E)(rC05Djop=RxizbCnKF@zQ+Vh?X|jta
zX4CmiE>OnnvGo1p{zSq1rX@FdwyzJ_9&N+8fT@0|i?MsdeYlK&`mCJ{w<2~!_tPHX
zfmDWofaf>bm-RpNV~E*E;b;{~dc<Z4)hEK#G$SV*b;RtlE-XLQuAmu;?4UfZ_OVtK
z6BFlCvI4bZ=k;e)87P5Y1{t5K{<H1=VK*<BdK+1pQ}c*oMB^+ca<~hpB)|KD)glMx
zX6J-ov^9RKnJG6^Vt+5Hj;?^JSOW4a3e4nV<<M&^p(@A1`4ibm9Vr6m17FY)n(y1h
zQb;NdkKDOm5-*@5KRmVM8S1_tv9|Ew?Q2)Lod-u3kv}I}GYw==$df-D$YZn_<kVVs
z;TNU+qo@)l_6yW8VBIF?Wf5e!HKIG$#_YOn+4$l=WW^(1PbviD25Kx_<?!baW?`Q8
z6kY;iT#Yl6{ntgnT-kqo%-pK**T`&d9qlpbZ@|Cg0;lN*(-@-4ON{{vuUINs>&mBG
z5kT}1n8&FQhtW4NG&F=|@!fvKhthRzgwr;Sdpf^4Zi2-sYY7C=&%~q-2U~V`wEyyN
zXlNKRYm5w7E5pL6gi2{Kg97DPHa(2Ews`=TmxOQ2BSC#EnA5f;XlpVC+^lltR=)f>
zihw`E`}@=R!G^snkNl-Bb<G+^U#H}ls)^(wz2`daNvCP$&_bKaP@^@fbiFfjDItxj
zHZK^MDyvE_KYxy|-$XX{&iY;u=4#pnh3PYG4urfLRreL^10_<8bq~o%N75M%cHeB;
z_Rnl}i(br>L_~fYHQA-@aLhv&n0~o-?fUgEMO2fBI-QB4#fVGxcyxifnnF)<`}5rd
zw)h9-L&P5xUJo&(bIUS@S0=QjUaHx9Z1+<rMo75{L7Z_MjlY+sAT>#tW4dhZVZv%z
zuxq3SY`NTHfNA}HT)&f+<{v=#f}&*H76W52f_y`Fsga~QFnhr<1G4!sa(Sg$)p0~r
z!@Da?+ctAKGt*YPH5nN`U(;m2tpub3->6-uA)L7btI*`-H$~DBSn1$b#2%?|gh*x-
zUW^8l{auPguMhsF8-IH=c}aMW%WHo9UE|}&jqmQQOAX!#LO<P3K4JeZm~`-ub=U+j
zIxV)G(dlUWoP+#m?>44zE09?pu-P^J;aCYBXFl=l!w`e8K*(S@*a--H_tc(%Y(#kL
z-j3fnSa{d;4<!l5H)%BP4QeZDOyr1A5ILfW@i$N;cABcv|6+`uilf7%Au@(GjdYj$
zm|=mo^~xbv*T5waRPQ`|h0h90Dj4C)?OuKL`ZepDLvSI~$EVYi^BBlzZ-&a8@Z$S?
zv#>E_G}pA(-2}7p;W>P6=M`}f;5?2AYtBgB{BgcZ@D9*6(kcXf>L+q^u)Us^!eG{>
zOKSwM?m<)cY(JJs$<;tv8c#PWUw`}HtO<kGvpl2#323IZ_4PUYC$M0Sw5W}){@^l5
z!SDbG+1%eYw=+>%Thj3&rS?kQ9DaRKljZ@NE(<1OAR-zhy5>ChUHzV({yAA<p*Lbg
z?8eH9wdlyjUa5A0;Df>*DS0cSKgxP}==Vwe*FXBGg93|~-^Vh|QT6wWx`vh;b72H=
zDf)KV)D#OA)?~^rE-ao)Q_vAZ&B*`0VmDLkJs%PxX>@*}3Mu5iP^x{vnqMkS{Mn4G
zc!jq>#Z+B2c*zYkxn9ZyK{T&$AFL-tN9cc0lhiDm^>?>|{OC4tQhYQ=uvejCP-r#z
zaLL;qytrsyebrm*`lf|W^wTKu=lHOlqO6-i{?8XYXSL%T{z1c6z1<J~{Wj^$*~h*l
zSxdY`Oka{NzR-ooq7|8ig<;C%Tw8<3+u{)Rc&}Fv%2vgO`B8MsAn*aQS`0IIDF-m^
zH{P*Oo6h)$6-~)&EsMAfLq0A2Xz}u|&kpW7(2!QgTc-Se^onIMyt;2;_m+tdd?Q!A
zGAcnc(!fx?<DR&b9Ej|XcuU1e5M}#a?<l?YnVMG|tPs}JVr6|&TzC>|0Iw{^9yv${
z^qm(9d(in@r?8T^89WHklc_y3X*_ti^;YXWuv>7e>Y-v`?%hH8+t}@a*~O=|yG%Du
zU+P0c?0`Dm&uKz$YalKBEBk)DjTAtSrkVI5W3YMGbb%$W4L4PZV9S3l)XaW$*6oQv
z%E6K3bVTO;jH_-`Q)U84JLU#^p;+R_{K8v%EP^>ft05Pb9DM)vio<euyG>Yxd!Iz1
zXn2>y%nY=4q2MIHE~QW-Ea8#!lV$aRHvwbfusA4Uasi3~i&_p?0!xTk9CAZCgq75`
z-G3eXltSt*ExzFT=0l)ejf1B*RjA1lG{lTrBE5TePZ}#B@_U(r=;)m*Td!{JsWek&
zw){~~dMEC4=0?O-`2<`Y%B+gF%pyf0Gio1Wxv4SOaaeGL<e5i4i9Ar`{{2CH^xuy#
zzLoPjmD;16wO>8t*!pV0y^N>U;$m?2YhM<EI$&l`>h>`2!-0{Jvlyai8YMpx>w>)n
zEkLG@GI#ogv@4KS#>fDLD`4H|qD(6QIx?+N$m}bYPY~;z$%R(X;BBef*PfOnL6_(u
z8?EmzY<(5vK+0LsOkUGT6cWO9qS`5mS8Q)dnih`?Av{*o91w)`FK&u=)@G5_9EN6!
z_o<;09b~m?gAG4b0U~a)7`>-0-AV!(3awIz>>-10-S3t{odC8-(sh@&j)Vr`0-#s1
zW%?Ttuw*K25xkVj1phdvZ*VV5pa@5ko5TbQgg+=Ulp+8@BdJ6Xx_vjN-Rvtut$Nt(
zt$^eBC248&n`hTz@_M9pzsKO9L)@{)U!Kbs$X}D*zI}V{x-Tvn2NxnQKOvI9<!s_0
zIG=NmZM5+=cKzLJr}0;UY&kiZ20@%nuY99rQ5(9WoJQ79FF$%oi6_)u_PO6|!N>r+
z?nD;voQ)#i1H`wg&e=dq$~k;a2(JX676P!rLELvptfG+@R%;4!%i%FsDN|7?&)PoR
zdw50_rw(Ls@|XTIRej__^`54HU%e&<O;)d9`W6ewlZ9J_b-wKP6a+wBTt27iFe(x<
z?L$Q(y_W4*&c81<DQf>>QOOG%$GRW<ZU4gMaX+?T@mb3x=KvO3!Xa_y_QQ$nS7ET?
ztMoe_8i_^_51Qq9>dyjfg5>DnhTGi7RA2*(OhQG5IQiAZ!v@54DC$tHC4&=L=8FL9
z_r8`jgpCD$4JjJ24fye_>Vo?#+vZ!5``Y|pOxyqPGQPe*k664tDjKcHVZ~)yDQ{I1
zyc=)r+;(j;52A4qS~#ls1eW{=-i$Ojf=v%95>f3r+twm3n1;*o!rpXPegFDs{#{Ut
z>+sc?t$xdK6?X$CfOG4+5xJ}brff%t&CSnY^B~z$NC$#$Q`~1)fp|Mi0m*}zZ?10n
z)BL(Aq<Roq;z;7<G#y1DQPtObP|P%6XEkcY0y<>~QpY~w4>m1a&H2HF+6GTiF}(PB
z35j33YgHyHKTgM?J)^L=si?_by`9*@!fSuJGMX+s(pJ#kcKTKML=qSA>?rI;|9^<=
z?EfzY87|X~|9iJ3$NU-H$`Z<aA$>zoOxTBLHfL!3`?aKju#ftxxT$DnWKpE^hZjE#
zdmy5={rI4%rF|q0_G4?h&l;{K$?1mx>_*m2J)EX&y0@G+*2^Ap!nbPk=i!B0!9w^{
zBztRU4*Ty%L@Dr&fD&4PccQ6(>Du5)mKOf+)VNbR9nY=W?mZL-w9IW1*QjEnz}jWc
zyMf0gt?5I8JaBe+=L<?YG-32Zf?1P&uC94Ct)5MC;rGwih<uGIp;3FG8HX))-hzs7
z^9$9l&JUb_tdEWD?~nCn-B7Fy?)-UqM~wpk%geU`i`<Ft=4YU(5PsWcTw*C(l$GCv
z1SR>V#_^82|H;vRP@LjCyWJC=z)j1RGzvluu5WiJCtbPRzu{x%<Bwk&{41<;WS4`j
zX#qz}40{x`ZLXl4Lc{Y5f!Pw|<1Ozm){w_Ow(m$!eX<A-9@n=SOwQk#{zd|$W|n*h
zNGb)&Ck%R8c#U`cPij4`T?)D5=y<2p=ja`0u@NnZy&IQ+gIPHxj9x9j6pDR&rCEmN
zXRo$lD@*>Zr^w-*tR1Pw|Ei!^qT$pryl}o<D%97~b|7c<2Kr&FZOGBZ)s4PVpKicA
zO~A5(!C45@%gM_-2MqrZ*KyQMGIPJic82{s4RSC_BpI3Z|K7eKT8lLipFG1_5h7RO
zTn?9n(|24Xt-d14q?{$FS)4YEE}TQcd9+CLv*sAzQ3#X+m^S>boIG>G)q6u!CW?vI
zShZxe-T)fk^V!Z}DU1y?Cru~EIy!t`?W(~;!%peY?E{4iJ~71)%FD}D#w(l7cD?=G
z%sb6$ZhEenN`*7I?A0sL0A5@~yh{|dCKNZ*176-svs(%y?Q-uVpTrg90j4)Cc@UF_
zF7bG6ps;)Ptb*1hT0<e_7qlAia6i^bWo(ED-gGg*8~mcAP{Qq~6f;MSwv%D*fBQ3I
zv61%(^as@3gjRp?F*-Zj#kE@buWmW@>VwRTqX!XGy!TXCzNQ9+-)s_Z3_L>zmswG@
zmMp%eRzflEWTBS~&c?!<F`UP(u}F+*-?0{Cn#Y&<yP!CHb*0kp)%}^Aif`|p2JsI5
zqhKb18(Su*d6=(m;Sx0op)<s{E8Vj?Tmq3T?yfat%CrNBsi9>Pf!%wsJA2<}{k`m>
z?cC<96-c$oSa>wmq`7`ke+VH3U-N!*<X(hBy~NP+2&LOgA);a-gou6EEZR%GvH971
z58JJ#QDJGoYxDSyC7wI&VQT{yTw2;Z#FNC=asF2*KWDmPI3#i>%>F*1M8&eIS$6lo
z_%)D5J#s%r67|^>+&MTatPw}gQ@HW_AbvZmy7hpE&W%RIJ&YcbdQ(%g2Cm%j(OZAv
zdk{^$w|%K&@*rMD?pJsQhlk*6dnaJFw&9OToqE2sRDrzLF|ym%r&$uH><b?KzkX9t
zM|#Do_Z;))2a@m;2R|?Nu-*)|QLl`;jlnAp%pC_09ebB!*}YYi7zI}Nvz?=8!#8RT
z%}<ifjhUE|f~fw|-C@lC$+xm-m?>p9^S0mcKSV8sS;>a%ih_rvZ0El6XvNEiB~U;L
zf(4t9MGZCHH!W%`)=KI}C{Yv1K<KI^J%DVh(+$F49+IJ&68$=*R8`;sv@7!$I?oUC
z$7CIuNPDC5;$V0;9)X=NXZsgpe;Q47jCj2iv;zM^V(nx<LUt_oNe%SO>A=Et$C7>;
z_goxJtYom_WQ+NC4=QYzl={?1gj5A^X%Q5g|6cA=v(6c{qyShleLG%-oQO7^b(Aus
z%@${inE84Gh%{Z&HvNc}N+&YbGoM)x5f%bd3gd^rn(7=K-M=pO`!qy<hwPfaaGCzs
z_^fdt#erdKK&3Zc$>7bXoD7&+rEW<gv760gYe$h41yX*7X4z>%O83_i7P*mtd#U&M
z_rz3n3S`E)sjbuL#vr3%Lz|uWIEwU$n=Qt^glikZCe^g*v7NmDPmP<2-eQpXm%w9k
z;>`}0)?Q?*C<<|=E>@0zel8vmYE?@t6o{&*OSR9wy_yd>Ma^VGgWK~w<GG&CR2qIA
z{zt9yOL`VQ-gv*&9)Se`iRI5mk2H6*hn=&j5ZW5R^6=*^je~wFWi7AQa<Dl*<_C);
z%-p=mAqzf!c7LCx+SuUj5uA8|y!2lPJ=i3M9JNMvU0zAyiu(6=Q+9JudMoBIsxcFh
zx<gWq{rXPx_^Aiy&&wN(XUKWEm!<`D+MuK9bL@oVn}02Bxjsj>3h`a0sa=X!QGnM@
zoPX8dz4raPsDu(J;>rY<=?R~I2@`coMh9lzxcJM85?%QBkq)SW_Ycl0CNQChqj&D{
zcaX)QI6Ze;IX@eX7Xm6OKahi0s=Cx1gZkX*DXNv5IYvHqxwej>`)AQoSPUn{*N@+L
z)+5J54l?E>b!O1!ygaGaHU+J9p>$_IM^%d?AgAva6d+9-#n0acA=(6KAlAsgIB~@N
z)Be{p&jsY*)hZr#_AL=LZc2=sMR`+G(#p?lUjjL_Na|Sq!b7eg^N5!D{RqU7_wv=e
z3>+&Czb)vX7uo-~!lH5rhll?xQ)3AH`~JRDaJUi*W2lQq=I0^@BoD`~2@9By??v0U
zls1MfuyPP=KTsfV7>ovp|IG(wQfH^WI15b2l{ySUHADXVNV8C@{r{q%`en?wZ<xRC
zSE?GggEt&;6KUblBgxX&*3xtNY3&d-UkH~sdD7eQy1gEsl?*j418GIF+vA0#N)gbx
ztd-#%#6`QK;C*Axw+2C!awPotRyd#4EFn+hCU)D?)m1VT;gyFHI|l>AaR-pY|H}UO
z@avJd={uaQ=G1Gj23mM=a27KIrZtxAl;M$02Eku`pIO-8=qld=SWYjjo1}$jspZ3D
z=+e`=vPblpESypI6M3E^MQ6B+04EI>A)$F1v30}LV8~uju@jOj`{T!+bl%RL21VM7
zpvAM^FTg4Be$v+RCoOD(-7+L%scWX(hq5m6m~IQ}E!6RAXG!9*j6ui;Cx(dFj3^W!
z_lB#GmkOqFiP4-91~<?8{rM@q_S3cMsF!3k8<yZ&flfl(Y?3&uwY+HXnB9Z~<Q=_F
zjwC5);>qTZEXw0RsTIj=WZtWmnS#+Qqj#D4;O^5(w6;%eYu=r)C^k~o&^vo2{kUX3
zE!uE_LfgYtRy|=pK|z*xB{8iWMH3npu77^*1Xo(ui#MKKM>oc#Qaq5w{T4tiJ~WK1
zn~FX1A+OSQ{q<Zx;8r)5Osy{neV_9q6nN6yPSnH*^hkN0Y-M@2f3?eyNxa$2n#jQu
zHWlXx-D>6cBROxjRU*-*ak}?N#8sFrYR}K*lxh4~Bl4G<T8K99@+D-+)y_G5s&8u?
zQ@$UuIE?eGhwnm;g@JnEA2oq%aV|>a>yNi&Dfb^c|9tU7gjCw-R2oXS`%;4O_(Pf4
z`p_O2%>^Uv(?9q%bVg-#{xj}$u66bhq8{pZ8DNy;r{W?JPx+^RzmrZvlSD>4bzcT=
zLK!9-j#-`#>N-3N1}?3mB3=U<N>A0R!%o7NXZFsedSovMpW2ILE_Ikb46lp5M7Ckp
zl<I7vs3%(@>Gl;OfQuc858jPlt48A2Y^1_uBc_10yhYP@r|PF`M71KyV3*h5&XD=U
z_D<b^dzjZxM;mj<l^@|n&<Fq8ssK$@Ti(Aq$L08OEPFon6-scD^QYA*_4n;YsPA|u
z;(O5Sw>2!-z2`;yX(stJq%2YC<FBCPTZLx<ZU}NM-7Gg{mb@ib*mj~*@kyXfO5n_o
zEiN63GkLHR1}9Ce9#tX*8gsq>tIIu*YQuYlW^+oh^+O@Ete#E{3yegDggFBKm@n&1
zSn-Bc77scns)HStsiLGzK)zb!Oa22pof63sm#Lm1FK5_a37P!|?wc|E<{ZLTYLLQH
z9yW)XPG1H+?}T*x!MJSFXX>eape<D+B2eZ?(B1uO_xSB|Y`e=+vf=au_ovXqrnrY8
zVCXejM1}XLRp-%OI4+{Q6t@Q%>Q*9Gu%x?ttS{5;@t`O9140NNFCg%dvzp25G<XPO
zGUKe~KfGRTu3aX1xaHBW8FRZ+O~dKy3s2Oij~io%%|%}!{`N7>npN0|iIx>kqrJTy
zZFk%s|4E>e^KA4I7P<Rp0xh*IlUPODxH6yjIU_0hb%>=<zG=&b<q5_}Lz8KRKc`M+
z^`=h$rBMyO6}u<<p$ytH51yB5>HOz$Ls3|r`%J49Mrw9gI}YTk`&b(Tt}mv`QDYWV
zB1dCTbs1LkS~!S{A-;h|DUFg2nl~(OgL-baOh(em33c5;NM66|jj^3(a+T2Lt^|@e
zB#L6DK=V>Xn4wMg;-76az11+2X_kCQdAuN;C26P5bsn?^?gao;aYd}#hiI>OE^u|p
zKnG;#N-2Spjt6)Y+#V)+(D50S`6A<}^u^zh7Oi`vUV9&c`eB~`=L>mE@D=PnMx)ZY
z@{2yO`q{Z|a<q2qA^k;(tHAEgt{&ULjZ7}c>gMa}=Bh$U1jg-50g?(#Xia`ggmCzo
zG=W$oJxNXuD7xV=rktAV_niLN9b>myYb}^avoh82uf0XmmHOBAJF>buW)_O7hw)kR
z8*@(#oL|s19b~R;95A<?;w<v=Nb%V@SVUS$2>4nE3p%f@dyPTIE6;BT0=IKo$j#An
z=RhZJq2keQfhD^%kX$ZiP?vqCVURs+=b%wbW#$Wv^9m$hDX^EOZ~Z;#o)5|Xt;WNE
z*(9!NDuiNg+_*t^k6uS@kMA{dAP*NjOgZ??YB`GY!t((kZ=h*y6OAGoCCR~U*w-Sm
zCy)4Qtr%p!ocz8UY5%wD=qe=wJeAY+YI8FK@j&%rBIJGMdW(RC{qoe&G;iPGq=V3I
z`UqSvOEWycsj7W*0_<1$cUM&QZ--^jk($}m(WqiyiX}ni95xbgufM4Y;^*_r%J?^g
z`9Z`r#wvaw5|sy^{0`u~l~*5BXZ<0_kL{oLO6K&LEGv+0em?=4Fu@Qr8zPL?N-m;i
zLp4CBVJb(236HAJ-dW!B;k`4CA>vhnlWKqKrn&;bnrpZsAx9!7M0N-|2g-Bw=fKNr
z?$#GAk1gEGE;C{_nPPIZ5V+^$E5Sdqc2YQ{yTaL%{nNnug1T|DDTSPjgaF<$E{a$&
zW29p(;YhoPGDgk54!ya^9Q>OENjAt>73?BW_4hb8Km6DTsOtTY!1YbpWD{T;SKT1z
zW#fSHZ<j9cu4M4vtqYH>Tg*+TBiza<7|@@ZaEst;EGcsiHRFqGxfXr#&yBL|&rHXy
zCSJ8{CzlpCH;&Ff%zHx3D~qlAxitSp3e~Ps|B3Z-UOC?YwvZW#tK|%b0wR<Xur*(}
zYKRa5+Xbs*RKEwsENm1+uGy3C>1F-1UOhn6RS53_w>!&%KQCSoqvS}$!{@Vt0ZV7s
zXO8ZNC$@(|&kP2kau86iz|6wTj1U&DC}Y6j)~8}<^6(MwTD+jc1Y;cOGlNBy!ZXV%
z<K09$LfTZ5K5f4PNbBB|bLGAvEVILeOjTyQ_wFw*1=-o3CdTW-;s=?>H<q55yzjyg
zoed<bn|pe0-j2@s;Dk*EaA4p)#3|sPPutzvH8QrxR3K0u5e?TsyC@%^)8bMYqq6f8
zo6u)|NOzjN)IlBbONpUR5y01#y+83P+~CWFq%Tw?*(d!jmDUWTE9|7@vzJK!T~Goy
zLi|XwG?=L7fEZ;oivDqPwM(IFNXnmBa?gM|mKeli4?prIvD&;UEix#!dBv)Q*(^rE
zKYm|-Hs2eDfy7y%>P}^v1vh$V(6i|M>r4!xpq^uh;>$58qks<asTi%zTa-M1pc0CL
z3!XChnW*X`Z1>C~c|s{wf!^LF6v2*f-_TVIj|^SlLUKFN(3WBi${z1A-z|E5Is?`q
zvG{3J$@Hfvvbx^P=x}o?m(<@Ux3J)I1kZn4Axp5tGCyE3GPW?HHDRGd?#60(tu_Sn
z1$4wIUP2O1K_teXD+WRS{PNs!C|W%^ikAE%<vmLPPKVr^MfX};>Wy;t>OD}%9c#%A
z4y-TO5q(?U=-j5+JsfUsF8X|+mbm{n7@hs@AKNqc{OT}E4-b#9SrqV6)PQ+60P2Ep
z`Ez681rsI8JI>j8uX4j^CO({H=fhiAkfAACT0T_ObswjFJ<;x&r{;cMU|(x<xtFMf
zU6IUV2>D5FeZl!Yc#lRF)uLU*9?F;fBxX~I=y^-H;MFkOf70YXfd*MWyCL$lU6_0A
z->~DrOC}~=i!a6zAi9>A*F8I{5BPe)QCh0W2cg@0ati{ebVW+(Dw(gAPX^O)_#pj#
zl2O@tCBUYyxB6rR1BDZKcXO3}Vx;vAFItIyCkpayNDt$tWegW5FB5JCISao}FlYN%
zw;j#;_?;8jwEGu&<a#5_5i?O=T42OUlKYf%$mv!L0N(ZgS^%Hn<*0vm$~#^Ydyttm
zmNELsA54zy=dZ=E#WZs9FP+sGBQ=(A)T3y53us1y*z1cKd|Gb}97bKwJH=k_-?yJ@
zH>FE2BAoI(hGF9th%JH;gE9y|P?MyFOIw;9%01jxCEriXj9CcEFgM&8DSN{Y$c43K
zBJQ>cc(`k6!-s}~WJ)#UlDwoP_s{zsu2Rtd+3?**R73mDt|A9FYF(b(EX0LS*5E?k
zWr8glX^p-L6QAO_iRjx^%3CVD#8)Z!gTJqSC73ht7xIF`@w1jU_eslZ8zO5Pp7c4?
z=Og0vsJ-=lEac<Ck}dNU{xjq<F_YgS&#!vpx6EzAvq;Vq{8zp0UNQFVG+y<t);QVL
z+>cRX#<(Xpp1)<-sk!z3=ciRzhaZtsRVDi&%a`=Hu7q@mH?ybMEMiskoU~eeUQ+(;
zO}#Y@>2cX(ql?ke7oS;!NO90mLs48wvzcL~v>2~^d$$H+a@7q;t-SQ{RXZ*?WQ~4+
zam@u4?JL_xpU<Wl7RT$=Z=>{bFmU%7y?Urt;}m&35lG<B^JB8F<<Elcpa<RGZU%{Z
z=t8&4Ij=vPeWRR{+<*O?0zGJT+7uN%5plTRUM*eQ_A9jBy*AS74l{)*R)ZGi|7FEF
z5MvjHt9Mk}-9Jrh-2P>?E<^X_ev!Dlr{uLOzpNh1G}x&;jys~K{p8+-D9^C|`lo&N
zcGpvVkb4+9_DT1ae90>%S>4yo!c%9ErDw0q^0)YlE4Yvs5JCYh$mbpe6v6(m5l|@>
zzLq`+;>;#qWvp)bUG?>I3BBN#)RkF<!iQgZOt8u32FHd7+?$1exEwf-PhRc!1BNrD
z7mp9Uq4%tcgR$&~H~B#4<{zYKwcv}SudDB4O<&h7tX|iTYdoR{y2XNFF%UL0d?HOF
z>{yf%{PI6`6oTh=e*=*`3_Wv4zCh7-z5wMx0jCsuLYfON%qMZ#K_!n=Lq|Awm`}@V
z^|-rM#>(=e_2YAQ!U~bP&ewmspUI2+nK#So2h3Pr8hqnXLnpSiZ9l;fFYB#FAOVh|
zWeF+rmYc2f7z+w&<+~*2;kX+<yvW9t&f?s6%s}V027<KYX6)Mw;zXRl3*rj!Ia`aY
zC=N{#8GAo`|B1$&Ms=vS=hkh(l;h}gV+wYH6~(!im>g|WsJ<OcKX@R`ypjJx@g$Ts
zt?z<^;)!l`aUFWi?`R;rfT}%2_1%ke7Cb3W|BjMlPZ9+@C06LYDO@?Vj70CBeP~vr
z5;QAq9}SUS1ZlX)!1t#DF$@td(Nya{O^_2MW+m08pu@M*)k6Zz>e<TEYXZK&QF#KW
zQ+>z|i;aK({em7;$eZJ<=Y9yl4-!l!yq(=|1BV{%1{QdCh<fCaA7LwE0sht?3l<(Y
z=3~e`nIb~F1JeamvadX20Siy%Ad%w13?(J$>D4n<t<5)1Q^<@d7Zp%fQTa-F679=R
zx1j8g1-B86_v+qIMtq3k(8R|q$`6&0LR9dW7!<KR20d~3;e>^%^}-j5QrvSMW=zGv
zgz-Bv$2Uh$8okhi&xMAmq4GGw{zR;;3mG`bFGyB~^t+>op+U`Sw7XZk#V0cL8fSLS
zJ#&A^J4h-JK{SF+l$b~>*VwY7q+i|7kE1ZOy>ra-E=0>K(BT~ud;*!#92aVN<sh&8
z`?#~x(XpadqlC60JUQLygKq`?gGw5`>;^%^&Nn*GX97+Qg~;Y`5uq>!AY{P^CS@2H
zW!*LhI|@W%i6z$@y5mIPCv{1hNWC?Juqx9w(re9i4+Jl7cGf++#BUX&Z*u*aBrCkc
zrxXdin))AQFIBszv`XjcyUWo_Y8CPq6rj4`ZErn&Y|+!J9ag4ald*X!$&Cl6oP5>I
z!#`j8pN+q~RDsKRk(PFaTOISprg{@$m7`h6eN`d0U4gj_ncqCL1guBMca}El8L(7O
zc~vX3jUQ+k3Gj(hNOQE=S4k5A$K7hQX;NwUUUeuB73`rF$ivF|&#wgBM3wh7xZUxX
zPWy!9WvSlA0++(Vg~ixz=&voS+pAD@&>(z4A5mOy5^aOg2~jaupA~=`ADY~+7{$3F
zlVURS|L+T$Uh6#C(q@>^`Jas3uW7TNto$%BV-bOijlYbNde6<tPJdNafE_2m9hke1
zu?+e1r$?a1@lpTp4NrYTEnr%Tx$-c~yA)?bo56h^GwSa*vA?ex?3`Unv&hjQm0E_}
zs$1wi!)t(o4-tIXB%MrMI`poQ)YYmHk>vFv7cI1O!Q5@3M<+M)45Xeo*M%dng9l4r
zt`>h1p^1%X$pC|qNsoBPR=4N>gLWM}JnlD)ISl#VFZSeogfcDt7ohqWA&sC<OWmql
zo@Gal1*jTl^(%DWh?{mSuQ%$JWlikkyt)DX`oYSHoIIl|Hea-9;Y8AB?N3U4OT@+W
z<5bd>Go*?A<pd6|4cJs!l$KW)+WoXkI?ESBZnu2!u1UI@CBNx`(;t^p6-ch*-+hLL
zo4aBLnf6;FBY%41T?6r)gZY1b!*g_dNORve70%{04{h*0Jg+m;J<4^gCi9U>Td0-;
zt;DY*DPOB_8-$<aM1UZ*>e&MJmaobz@I0PH*plt#;@lUB8<PeG-x}QXO$;;8gGU8V
zp9ZDeR7E5(=ie_DKv4IE<*N$X(hx=&Q@l6_9lYuMjNa`_aHGIkY4mCCj~o>CnSqsb
zfMXVgtyP-n9#N3T@%NV&zl2?4VkE7v@3ap4<06Wn(dF-ou6JqQX(OvS{SAB2yydtv
zfU{9rik!>_kl5By!?;}=8$8&iYgKx6Js=AUr@(v@jfQ|*{cv@i-qyRxqcBkR3ig$T
z#T5riK9n}5FKY-=){pDjx@~C_-ziCXy{kYkiVV_ld2;%Qb_5YAOermTc%kO4KGtQ=
znj6@yy|r$9`!<i*`%~hrzKA|H+#Y+XTapSpdy4%xU=)0r`cqnu_~rAk7(Md`nZ6#m
zq>sb^s|Zpx_;kL##8A}$ngGe|1>Vi)9>Gv>b@AdROWfq+j;SfV40|HhSl{GxY8Z`P
zKZV#|>!L6|cE4LuOU(I}Wv#F18ZWmY+vnj#tv6$RO)Sw@<GA6j+{T(3$iU_{EtYD?
zl8!Y(X4|D%)DRbayYva}G};cj{O&!ih%#&9{+1bJc#-J>%<eEwKgDaDr{rIE$}ue;
zqQee>x(q?W^x8)?22q&q=KBD=VW;4hap%z=4NSeu#ULS6GSoXV{<BvFo$;JH6k%qD
zluEk0A*;@NIS(INn#Uz3Tj+wS)4DC6YbV<lpoULcUTp~#@C7`<W{qroUVvU}(?f}w
zA0p52Q+<Jca3c}*I|(=ATzP44^Q(29&!tXaCptzeXZVXxx4yu^_cHATCTk)9j*n6k
zY%a!W{fepKr(z==%?&iXc&CXOG&b)1YWa{sggcz0Hv)recvyKUR~h7I*!L*DT<k@W
zP3UiIwM(P>1aR{oigIaDq)c}C<Z?N>bP7#A#19j#lE=Z?owf~VI89=&nht%F^nsK1
zQ%PGKRHB)o>PRxYfG9?f((Oj&tYM<CR5%e8cp+b4wsocw!#i1~<cldhk{otCozC&4
z=vk6VKC5Zv-f9441{djR3j5*D?;guIaap+U+7kzm??2Wv3peWs;7@gp3&N)Uzz=`k
zJm{@_dTO;YneMC_dOL_)@x)noju&FuChS3SqNWNLpX&2jJ+4$ne2RFaApCGoOYX(=
z`?G7`rS4KpzOs?U5aOTUM%~|<hHHMm>2@wZG`vLY_wD^BCQd&NZyj2vh@2`s*j_fj
z=pFoLbt^T9)=VtVO=6@zK7N_y8<l3i_Nar7T6cNZ;q;;%|6L&v;6B=Qy%YzVe0cL$
z0X6v3_pQ)*!)XWbvV#d8*ERTC@PaYbmV@hyS?n=T|7%{g27bCGzO+IQ%1bXl^*1tZ
z<fkL<q?>Tl(ZT2BqU@o~1QOS#Pqj#F{+f@Vg_jYIRQ&1_O&&Dz6G`Pb0UZdty*gK%
z1iZ+X#4M(Qm9GG9jnL-Z?j5gaa)y*Lnbq#O^3laSaPullfMfMNuT9oAkRLS*fE;mm
zesx?UuZ|xmO-xK!y-ZPpN79eTiNi+bSZ=GDe03S%qVdFbP~pNPZPKZwueK?m59hX@
zIChDkkX|I$7TBKkX4RwE2*4j@?+gC42KJAgMn)gb@k~EN+zt?2JQQ2B>+T*q#oSb8
z<_t1COd|ei`dD8Q^IyfYNHS4HDLS>ek{pnomYPuw0`?8NFg(7`_xR()cPHywhg`>X
zUK4|4|BAhau#+|1VKznK+M1QNoFr;xWtjB*x!bi*K$QL>qOrF7^n-VSEG@H7OQR!%
zy4676B+QkifhrDAJDqillFwRM`;d2HH9^we(a~|<(O~}LN6Z|0?qk=-t&d$@SwFp@
zL(Zs%D@>rMP3i)yYuFI_AxBTEVvm6q3s8qYoaX7#US&OB77$OQ4j1qO)eG57a6$!p
zQixd`s6W@uDAGWeOJ~U@Bq&acg`8A~(*gP)zNvAu-eTjxSC6KA8BfV<#9TgHfeS7h
zCbl3GWiM~{AoHO1(56te#tJ)ed9)m2SGVfNLU4J46dX7*Vl*-mI4!=LeeCQF!c1}!
zrW*B_2<c|!Bc*Z)`D9psbkDm@2CeE-Q816^ApH(XC<-OI(Gab!AXwyRXgV@SyWU<0
zZQe6Wb)T0X<+Tiq3(9=HbMGPx_=R_|ZkZt3zNi|=0;WejB{#3<z29*s>g$<&0+Y`j
zjpmIxq|w29Kl_7@jD8C^VQ9zjR+VVZk!dj+GQZN*0{Oc%cU|9ngpa{1&5YYD!TWNb
zG>vO($x6h4zk&1KxHj+J0JXd!84_aC$L{am(_Eew9TwQ+sFfe91+G_9jYK@k^E+}V
zz{1L=RnLVjHQqlvE5Z#VZ~lNbvH5!78IzF_`Lau^VhUG!3G$e`izdMyS6?Rmi(eD8
z>RDXMZ|G-V7SFD4IrW&`PS)ZU@?(26dgX5r{G3DlF4zsnaawwoe*VLpPffba@tW4h
z9Y?Fu*vdMWwM2eCQF;>%cm^Fl&Rp(~N(~6PLG|U>od81j#p&R0^cSH<Msp{Bh5rVk
z@Y3z?1O2)1B5=7TmVhhr6WULAA1Xn<jOvB<T(q{(<VMNQYQ&*-qK(}PMGH^wMQKi4
z`+GlvnnlliXne9p%Ya(lgmidOSxG`UuT6ryb>?YIy*3{i8Cf*b%z%SGt1`;KBlYLT
zGtMxRF5;U5aw(s0<bKNZP1u8`(7AuuX7W1|)*j_hQr^P;guH?|*QU)hJlJYSvpSN-
z7sK6EFQe!1w7UtPFI5e_x?j0%eNHm8>Hrd9iaFKGTx7DF38g+Xi8{rJYOIns-|zRy
z#<qU%!~x&8HY&m|Z5297l~jDyq?&6d<t@k&{-Ho~kMb5RwqZ7b<r%*s>+`vOEq)|<
zBD<)AOObevjR*Nw3Xgu*MYz1CyBuRr?n34f@U)CDXkB~G=>&Y}Mq)qjM9skp<J%oR
zpTJ$I)%SrHDqV)&cUC)i{J`LFWiE)@ZEr5PZa3MRLQ`=fLo0ujv{YEAHTEE#{(T=@
z=b2W^?t*r{WGIIhrDCQnMUiL!O*Q)#7Q*Jr$RK16vuJqfo2KWk;si&}q%&LtMF)`b
zZZ}Uv`x)Z;#Q-n)4rwB_>e*G}(NKaNR)K_bJEgzf{S9M16L{fs(q#Aw*q{CPZcSfr
z0um7495JmWA8zGu9fGvfi+}v#LrXczAyRQRpH<T*kE9ah7E8V(mcV^@2x#8YF!}?#
z;GZiO`RQmWNcp9|m*1E2pJoo|cX>PL#_id|W%?9|$?Uo;?~|^@#{>AkFHk!zuVg4E
za2C;t<sju|oxh^U2PWjymwlCmi%lV$!e}3_gkKg`aW}=yF>+EX@IRl`QwEQai%Wc$
zDB}dWE<#MClr!X2%C<BP5=Gn=GWB`VALL-fsc5Vi;Y|ws_J;T+N7r%GesbnBV-6*s
z+Mtsir#HB|tL=q{`pW-(s1g*U5EPu(0#tKdh|TgSHjt;<k0sJfM5&{rxNi?WYHF5X
zan*&ns2eAV=6k<cYs4q2IMB?b_BaM#QX|v=VE$ccaQN4bk)MWqIm#d#pssKFEM1q<
zXUCFWb~603`bHyaQ(nL2+ujk39ndx>ITFkcgF$m{YN{89a$arOyjIv%lx1f$7eNM5
ze40dJ*bRgZMfv8yE1h>y7(%hnTw6zU=(q$bZ}4eq2|^^EhayjBH;0lIPcCbuW@KbE
zUaX`b_C*s>hkC%yL{Be!nHG<S_ZXeIjBgxQVu&=+M1eyrXt^9m1rPa>_#I|)^S|Oa
z)xppv@^n9%d6G(jS%NQiEU(|v_SywH?Q|l1e6u?~gvKg~iLd@b$i`U9Z};y-?^El~
znTZ%dbi6C_B|O0x4~Z9&FOOTAk9i;d>=Tul90?$P&Yepqzq|EW-%D+<5u+-n4F&(I
zYiwyf);){nb=g}ezYZKJN$J9LspD!GV+KpD&>NbAw_g4sKDI)qN@>=`QAY60VINWs
zq|u)P{|34B4(!||8W)Ruhok*y0;QC4lp0g)hR~aJ<IU8DgQ5uDn9QTUk4`%kMJXZ<
zCtK?t(Y6Yw+`D+X_g>3wYvZF+QWmigua<Xx1H=zoT@4uzG3i*Cm*!*-N!kDZF-l2I
z#bX?at;NBPgzAt7e)jgZww4%=`1A0y0PY)2I~p}cre_hnFFBjjM5Zfc4RjZ@yrhX9
zxZN3E0$tRsE;(G-#EZhMprE>(wyeCJ(Fyy}TNzAc4E!O7*);7OhzRM0h5b|Xs|6oX
za2+oaJ)Yj-N9SFs)~$jbg^tU(zW7By=1s@h8YLN{LGRT7Zo^&4nLo0vEsSW>gyrH3
zx1dBy&@D~Q-BDY>;}8Kb9l_+%HCx-5`7iHQl4(OsfdUhY!Y4p<@KC3NDJk`Y^g<p~
zOKFXV<)|8oRJnA=-DL?L?qgntNr3B`pY3EGr|J0M7eOTa?4D0=AfzLsc~`s|C>#Z;
zUl&&Lkv7onSb=$egFBzN=YrC9*90~U<C+V~3tq7&L$N&(dRpx4>@hJhB#GtR65)W^
zc+%Uq9H)86#s$xa_bc}*<mkU$=h_QkA(dp=-z}AkGSs|l&-QYsFkDOqd%snDA|7)!
zX2@TDl;+GAIa8sfu%O?qeSNLwW<Zg?2mC2+>efCFs|tN$UhZ7J!J4{f`n9Y4)B@4C
zsikrR6-&M!cSZZK^k_Kd8s?4Fn*eR?GkDAvWcB=MsiDy|mzOLFAUn5rSeF~T6<QKD
zJVNb`XJ+1*4I5q}=x^4334SVg_8#Dd12?(nE}KKM*Ls=biI}nQ%tz0pA8#4p2t^eC
z$nv)G(ekRmMO0Q9^PaCUm@=}(_XO8>E5Zh}zSUq6_i}PtySZ8YNSt!ZzrQbyeh3$w
zhHVx8z-QISrpcov8}X`q@J5Wi*4S9+3&ow6)8o@Zs_3aVL%nu;NCaRI+HKIlp>S)*
zZ(pA;7#Y$kzOpWP`h=(QhAsTKRJ|j!1)F#<pcQ3vY%xE|vtrPSo-I7YM4)l)_f=L_
zINA4$GHg#}+CdCf0UN9l2K0hhvgx>KmbE+Eu<MbwR~cD26s!wDeE|d<p%h2s&$Ifg
z;+2QAS?#?`F4|sl(JO8xi}B0|)A4H~6q;jVZ=LZi_B^W)gy}o2l%a%V+$n&6THvM|
z1A{Z${}C}>ieOXT`6ZM#+nRK)xtg0C@i^^SlR$eI7O%&K4kKZIYMKjWM{a+9Y@c6|
z6Gz2Hcn^)2nOobGQWxRQywsFYXmwLk+tqsW_-?#u_#XMImhT&9-3)PwJ?k0HX)T>S
zqe$Gs4^Nv21?GP#-JCTp4Y!KtTn6x_EI|ILDP%a)uZDBg-8EJqtl#;FVI&MDnyP<G
z^m+i@Hjk#t^W2*ESoW_76Igb%eJ@F@=Mq!!MVKAnq9^IO1mK9dhL++dSoMC?V90mr
zZ>d2y1o`aIrk{@SvssOO^$T6u$^4>Ykob13hQ)Ts(;sl{DRDZDmm1TSN;#@|o^t%$
z=JDSC+Uq{6M^t9_HWG2?!Sw=-^U+aA(Uf5MCfT+=4&(q1%#Lx+{762|HE#a=EV0j{
wUz(b@3k23SRPS$J8a-Kx{MsMyU~t0Y;;~3+D3D@y`d=c@zi6!UN{blrKl~Y0Pyhe`

literal 0
HcmV?d00001

diff --git a/src/data/placeBelow.js b/src/data/placeBelow.js
index 5c39d731e..67e120fa9 100644
--- a/src/data/placeBelow.js
+++ b/src/data/placeBelow.js
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
  *
  * PURE data module: no Cesium, node-testable. Each pack loads lazily on the
  * first lookup that needs it (divisions on the first land hit, places on the
- * first radius) and is indexed once; a country's division rings are decoded
+ * first radius) and is indexed once, and the loading status names them while
+ * one is on its way (`placePacksLoading`); a country's division rings are decoded
  * the first time a point falls inside it. A failed load is retried later
  * (see `createRetryableLoader`). No network.
  */
@@ -46,6 +47,53 @@ const PACKS = {
   ),
 };
 
+/** The packs on their way now, for the loading status. */
+const loadingPacks = new Set();
+const loadingListeners = new Set();
+
+function notifyLoading() {
+  for (const listener of [...loadingListeners]) {
+    try {
+      listener();
+    } catch {
+      /* A status listener never breaks a lookup. */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** A pack load that the loading status counts while it runs. */
+function reportedLoad(name, load) {
+  return async () => {
+    loadingPacks.add(name);
+    notifyLoading();
+    try {
+      return await load();
+    } finally {
+      loadingPacks.delete(name);
+      notifyLoading();
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether a place pack is loading now. The packs load lazily, on the first
+ * lookup that needs them, so the loading status says so meanwhile.
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function placePacksLoading() {
+  return loadingPacks.size > 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Hear each start and end of a place pack load.
+ * @param {() => void} listener
+ * @returns {() => void} Stops listening.
+ */
+export function onPlacePacksLoadingChange(listener) {
+  loadingListeners.add(listener);
+  return () => loadingListeners.delete(listener);
+}
+
 /** Test seam: count pack loads (lazy-loading contract). */
 export const placePackLoads = { divisions: 0, places: 0 };
 
@@ -106,7 +154,7 @@ function ringRank(ring) {
   return (Math.abs(sum) / 2) * Math.cos((meanLat * Math.PI) / 180);
 }
 
-const loadPlaces = createRetryableLoader(async () => {
+async function readPlaces() {
   const [countries, marine] = await Promise.all([
     loadBundledJson(PACKS.countries),
     loadBundledJson(PACKS.marine),
@@ -142,10 +190,11 @@ const loadPlaces = createRetryableLoader(async () => {
     });
   }
   return { land, water };
-});
+}
+const loadPlaces = createRetryableLoader(reportedLoad('places', readPlaces));
 
 /** Divisions grouped by country code; rings decoded per country on demand. */
-const loadDivisions = createRetryableLoader(async () => {
+async function readDivisions() {
   placePackLoads.divisions += 1;
   const pack = await loadBundledJson(PACKS.divisions);
   const decimals = pack.meta?.decimals ?? 3;
@@ -157,7 +206,10 @@ const loadDivisions = createRetryableLoader(async () => {
     byCountry.set(feature.iso2, list);
   }
   return { byCountry, decoded: new Map() };
-});
+}
+const loadDivisions = createRetryableLoader(
+  reportedLoad('divisions', readDivisions),
+);
 
 /** The first-level division holding a point inside country `code`, or null. */
 async function divisionAt(code, lat, lon) {
@@ -179,7 +231,7 @@ async function divisionAt(code, lat, lon) {
   return null;
 }
 
-const loadPopulatedPlaces = createRetryableLoader(async () => {
+async function readPopulatedPlaces() {
   placePackLoads.places += 1;
   const pack = await loadBundledJson(PACKS.places);
   return (pack.places || []).filter(
@@ -189,7 +241,10 @@ const loadPopulatedPlaces = createRetryableLoader(async () => {
       Number.isFinite(row[1]) &&
       Number.isFinite(row[2]),
   );
-});
+}
+const loadPopulatedPlaces = createRetryableLoader(
+  reportedLoad('populated-places', readPopulatedPlaces),
+);
 
 /**
  * The most prominent populated place within `radiusKm` of a point (lowest
diff --git a/src/data/placePacksLoading.test.mjs b/src/data/placePacksLoading.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff1837a3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/placePacksLoading.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// src/data/placePacksLoading.test.mjs — the loading status hears the place
+// packs while they are on their way.
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+
+test('a place pack load is reported from its start to its end', async () => {
+  // A module of its own, so no other test has loaded the packs yet.
+  const place = await import('./placeBelow.js?loading-status');
+  const heard = [];
+  const stop = place.onPlacePacksLoadingChange(() =>
+    heard.push(place.placePacksLoading()),
+  );
+  assert.equal(place.placePacksLoading(), false);
+  const lookup = place.nearPlace(48.86, 2.35, 50);
+  assert.equal(place.placePacksLoading(), true, 'on its way');
+  assert.equal(await lookup, 'Paris');
+  assert.equal(place.placePacksLoading(), false, 'loaded');
+  assert.deepEqual(heard, [true, false]);
+  // Loaded once: a later lookup is not reported again.
+  await place.nearPlace(48.86, 2.35, 50);
+  assert.deepEqual(heard, [true, false]);
+  stop();
+});
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index 880eed4e0..de9dd13dd 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -622,6 +622,7 @@
   "DISABLING": "جارٍ الإيقاف",
   "Military Flights": "الرحلات العسكرية",
   "Satellites": "الأقمار الصناعية",
+  "Place names": "أسماء الأماكن",
   "Space Missions (30d)": "المهام الفضائية (30 يومًا)",
   "Street Traffic": "حركة مرور الشوارع",
   "Radio": "الراديو",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index 09f9c98a7..792122d41 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -544,6 +544,7 @@
   "Military Flights": "Militärflüge",
   "Earthquakes (24h)": "Erdbeben (24 h)",
   "Satellites": "Satelliten",
+  "Place names": "Ortsnamen",
   "Space Missions (30d)": "Raummissionen (30 T)",
   "Street Traffic": "Straßenverkehr",
   "CCTV": "CCTV",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index fa59166fa..28a65d68c 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -507,6 +507,7 @@
   "DISABLING": "APAGANDO",
   "Military Flights": "Vuelos militares",
   "Satellites": "Satélites",
+  "Place names": "Nombres de lugares",
   "Space Missions (30d)": "Misiones espaciales (30 d)",
   "Street Traffic": "Tráfico urbano",
   "Radio": "Radio",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index e597c118f..44edfae1c 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -1849,6 +1849,7 @@
   "Military Flights": "Vols militaires",
   "Earthquakes (24h)": "Séismes (24 h)",
   "Satellites": "Satellites",
+  "Place names": "Noms de lieux",
   "Space Missions (30d)": "Missions spatiales (30 j)",
   "Street Traffic": "Trafic routier",
   "CCTV": "CCTV",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index 687ac971c..a23589731 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -1849,6 +1849,7 @@
   "Military Flights": "Voli militari",
   "Earthquakes (24h)": "Terremoti (24 h)",
   "Satellites": "Satelliti",
+  "Place names": "Nomi dei luoghi",
   "Space Missions (30d)": "Missioni spaziali (30 g)",
   "Street Traffic": "Traffico stradale",
   "CCTV": "CCTV",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index f3f86ea2d..866c5ecae 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -1787,6 +1787,7 @@
   "Military Flights": "軍用機",
   "Earthquakes (24h)": "地震（24時間）",
   "Satellites": "衛星",
+  "Place names": "地名",
   "Space Missions (30d)": "宇宙ミッション 30日",
   "Street Traffic": "道路交通",
   "CCTV": "CCTV",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index 054bfc32e..06ed341b3 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -1849,6 +1849,7 @@
   "Military Flights": "Voos militares",
   "Earthquakes (24h)": "Terremotos (24 h)",
   "Satellites": "Satélites",
+  "Place names": "Nomes de lugares",
   "Space Missions (30d)": "Missões espaciais (30 d)",
   "Street Traffic": "Trânsito urbano",
   "CCTV": "CCTV",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index 993edb912..02e3ec44c 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -537,6 +537,7 @@
   "Military Flights": "Военные рейсы",
   "Earthquakes (24h)": "Землетрясения (24 ч)",
   "Satellites": "Спутники",
+  "Place names": "Названия мест",
   "Space Missions (30d)": "Космические миссии (30 дн.)",
   "Street Traffic": "Дорожный трафик",
   "CCTV": "CCTV",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index 1fe699b69..fb131cd83 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -1879,6 +1879,7 @@
   "Military Flights": "Військові рейси",
   "Earthquakes (24h)": "Землетруси (24 год)",
   "Satellites": "Супутники",
+  "Place names": "Назви місць",
   "Space Missions (30d)": "Космічні місії (30 дн)",
   "Street Traffic": "Дорожній рух",
   "CCTV": "CCTV",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index 537325aef..4bb8d040b 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -1764,6 +1764,7 @@
   "Military Flights": "军用航班",
   "Earthquakes (24h)": "地震（24 小时）",
   "Satellites": "卫星",
+  "Place names": "地名",
   "Space Missions (30d)": "太空任务（30 天）",
   "Street Traffic": "街道交通",
   "CCTV": "CCTV",
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index f358a5128..57f0f0d22 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -1754,6 +1754,7 @@
   "Military Flights": "軍用航班",
   "Earthquakes (24h)": "地震（24 小時）",
   "Satellites": "衛星",
+  "Place names": "地名",
   "Space Missions (30d)": "太空任務（30 天）",
   "Street Traffic": "街道交通",
   "CCTV": "CCTV",
diff --git a/src/layers/satellites/classes.js b/src/layers/satellites/classes.js
index f4d47a0ea..9dd2e3700 100644
--- a/src/layers/satellites/classes.js
+++ b/src/layers/satellites/classes.js
@@ -364,6 +364,14 @@ const COUNTRY_NAMES = Object.freeze({
   ZW: 'Zimbabwe',
 });
 
+/**
+ * Every owner country a satellite can be marked with, sorted: the flags
+ * `scripts/build-owner-flags.mjs` draws into the owner flag sheet.
+ */
+export const OWNER_COUNTRY_CODES = Object.freeze(
+  Object.keys(COUNTRY_NAMES).sort(),
+);
+
 // UCS "Country of Operator/Owner" → ISO code. Joint owners ("USA/Japan") and
 // organisations are not countries and resolve through ORGANISATIONS or as a
 // joint label.
diff --git a/src/tooling/packageBoundaries.test.mjs b/src/tooling/packageBoundaries.test.mjs
index 517bad64e..548cadbf4 100644
--- a/src/tooling/packageBoundaries.test.mjs
+++ b/src/tooling/packageBoundaries.test.mjs
@@ -126,49 +126,3 @@ test('a lifecycle owner cannot acquire a layer panel even through an unused impo
   );
   await assert.rejects(checkPackageBoundaries(root), /unowned module.*panel/);
 });
-
-test('a declared dependency owns the asset files it ships, and only those', async (t) => {
-  const asset = (pkg) =>
-    `import url from './node_modules/${pkg}/flags/aa.svg?url&no-inline'; export const value = url;`;
-  const root = await fixture(t, asset('flags'));
-  for (const pkg of ['flags', 'flags-extra', 'stray']) {
-    await mkdir(path.join(root, 'node_modules', pkg, 'flags'), {
-      recursive: true,
-    });
-    await writeFile(
-      path.join(root, 'node_modules', pkg, 'flags/aa.svg'),
-      '<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"/>',
-    );
-  }
-  await writeFile(
-    path.join(root, 'package.json'),
-    JSON.stringify({
-      name: 'boundary-fixture',
-      type: 'module',
-      exports: { './feature': './entry.js' },
-      dependencies: { flags: '1.0.0' },
-    }),
-  );
-  await writeFile(
-    path.join(root, 'scripts/package-boundaries.json'),
-    JSON.stringify({
-      feature: {
-        exports: ['./feature'],
-        modules: ['entry.js'],
-        external: ['flags'],
-      },
-    }),
-  );
-  // The entry and the flag it ships.
-  assert.deepEqual(await checkPackageBoundaries(root), [
-    { name: 'feature', exports: 1, modules: 2 },
-  ]);
-  // An undeclared package's file, and one whose name only starts the same.
-  for (const pkg of ['stray', 'flags-extra']) {
-    await writeFile(path.join(root, 'entry.js'), asset(pkg));
-    await assert.rejects(
-      checkPackageBoundaries(root),
-      new RegExp(`unowned module.*node_modules/${pkg}/`),
-    );
-  }
-});
diff --git a/src/ui/applicationShell.js b/src/ui/applicationShell.js
index a11228dfa..4cf9643d7 100644
--- a/src/ui/applicationShell.js
+++ b/src/ui/applicationShell.js
@@ -64,6 +64,25 @@ import { useLocationStore } from './stores/location.js';
 import { useCockpitStore } from './stores/cockpit.js';
 import { useGlobeActionsStore } from './stores/globeActions.js';
 import { useRecordingStore } from './stores/recording.js';
+import {
+  onPlacePacksLoadingChange,
+  placePacksLoading,
+} from '../data/placeBelow.js';
+import { LOADING_NAME_KEYS } from './layerNames.js';
+import { preloadOwnerFlags } from './ownerFlag.js';
+
+/** The place packs, as one more loading entry while they are on their way. */
+const PLACE_PACKS_LOADING = Object.freeze({
+  id: 'place-names',
+  name: LOADING_NAME_KEYS['place-names'],
+  enabled: true,
+  stats: Object.freeze({ loading: true }),
+});
+
+/** The data layers, with the place packs while they load. */
+function withPlacePacks(layers) {
+  return placePacksLoading() ? [...layers, PLACE_PACKS_LOADING] : layers;
+}
 
 /**
  * Central UI orchestrator for the God's Eye View application.
@@ -158,8 +177,15 @@ export class StyleManager extends ShellFacade {
     // Vue views share this runtime and its stores; dispose unmounts them.
     this._ui = createUiRuntime({ pinia: applicationPinia() });
     this._feedback = new ShellFeedback({
-      readLayers: () => this._dataManager?.getAll?.() || [],
+      readLayers: () => withPlacePacks(this._dataManager?.getAll?.() || []),
     });
+    // The satellite owner flags load with the app, not on the first ride.
+    preloadOwnerFlags();
+    // The place names under a Cockpit load on its first lookup: the loading
+    // status names them meanwhile.
+    this._offPlacePacks = onPlacePacksLoadingChange(() =>
+      this._updateGlobalLoadingFeedback(),
+    );
     this.viewer = viewer;
     this.mapStackController = mapStackController;
     this.placeSearch = placeSearch;
@@ -1825,6 +1851,7 @@ export class StyleManager extends ShellFacade {
     this._wildlifeSightingCard?.destroy();
     this._ui.destroy();
     this._panelChrome.destroy();
+    this._offPlacePacks();
     this._feedback.destroy();
 
     this._displayBindings.destroy();
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitOrbital.test.mjs b/src/ui/cockpitOrbital.test.mjs
index 049f4c50f..5de131693 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitOrbital.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitOrbital.test.mjs
@@ -7,6 +7,13 @@ import { createPinia } from 'pinia';
 import { createApp, nextTick } from 'vue';
 import { useCockpitStore } from './stores/cockpit.js';
 import CockpitOrbital from './views/panels/CockpitOrbital.vue';
+import { ownerFlagStyle } from './ownerFlag.js';
+
+/** Let a settled promise reach the view. */
+async function settle() {
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  await nextTick();
+}
 
 const VIEW = Object.freeze({
   name: 'ISS (ZARYA)',
@@ -191,6 +198,49 @@ test('the place below shows at the top once known', async (t) => {
   assert.equal(document.querySelector('#cockpit-orbital-over'), null);
 });
 
+test('an owner country shows its flag from the sheet, or its code if the sheet will not load', async (t) => {
+  // The sheet loads through an Image; this one answers when told.
+  const images = [];
+  const RealImage = globalThis.Image;
+  globalThis.Image = class {
+    constructor() {
+      images.push(this);
+    }
+  };
+  t.after(() => {
+    globalThis.Image = RealImage;
+  });
+  const f = fixture(t);
+  f.store.publishOrbital({
+    ...VIEW,
+    owner: { countryCode: 'US', label: 'USA' },
+  });
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.equal(f.section().querySelector('.cockpit-orbital-flag'), null);
+  assert.equal(images.length, 1, 'the sheet is asked for');
+  images[0].onerror();
+  await settle();
+  // No sheet: the code, so the owner never disappears.
+  assert.equal(f.text('.cockpit-orbital-owner-badge'), 'US');
+  // The next flag asks again; this time the sheet comes.
+  f.store.publishOrbital({
+    ...f.store.orbital,
+    owner: { countryCode: 'FR', label: 'France' },
+  });
+  await nextTick();
+  assert.equal(images.length, 2);
+  images[1].onload();
+  await settle();
+  const flag = f.section().querySelector('.cockpit-orbital-flag');
+  assert.equal(flag.getAttribute('role'), 'img');
+  assert.equal(flag.getAttribute('aria-label'), 'France');
+  assert.equal(
+    flag.style.backgroundPosition,
+    ownerFlagStyle('FR').backgroundPosition,
+  );
+  assert.equal(f.section().querySelector('.cockpit-orbital-owner-badge'), null);
+});
+
 test('the readout names the owner, operator and element set', async (t) => {
   const f = fixture(t);
   f.store.publishOrbital({
@@ -198,16 +248,17 @@ test('the readout names the owner, operator and element set', async (t) => {
     noradId: 25544,
     cosparId: '1998-067A',
     tle: ISS_TLE,
-    // Under node there is no flag glob, so a country shows as a badge.
-    owner: { countryCode: 'US', label: 'USA' },
+    // A country with no flag on the sheet shows as a badge, named in the
+    // reader's language.
+    owner: { countryCode: 'IS', label: 'Ísland' },
     operator: 'NASA',
   });
   await nextTick();
   assert.equal(f.text('.cockpit-orbital-name'), 'ISS (ZARYA)');
-  assert.equal(f.text('.cockpit-orbital-owner-badge'), 'USA');
+  assert.equal(f.text('.cockpit-orbital-owner-badge'), 'Ísland');
   assert.equal(
     f.section().querySelector('.cockpit-orbital-owner-badge').title,
-    'United States',
+    'Iceland',
   );
   assert.equal(f.text('.cockpit-orbital-operator'), 'NASA');
   assert.equal(
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitOrbitalSatellites.js b/src/ui/cockpitOrbitalSatellites.js
index d8735dd65..43bd54d12 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitOrbitalSatellites.js
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitOrbitalSatellites.js
@@ -144,6 +144,9 @@ export function switchOrbitalSatellite(noradId) {
   // until the camera is on the new one, they list no sites or satellites.
   state.awaitingFrame = true;
   state.previousUp = null;
+  // The field of view is still the old satellite's until the next frame; the
+  // HUD published below sizes the strip from the settled zoom meanwhile.
+  state.verticalFov = null;
   state.place = undefined;
   state.placeTracker?.reset?.();
   state.prefetched?.clear?.();
diff --git a/src/ui/cockpitOrbitalView.test.mjs b/src/ui/cockpitOrbitalView.test.mjs
index fe3b1dd90..72130a9e8 100644
--- a/src/ui/cockpitOrbitalView.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/cockpitOrbitalView.test.mjs
@@ -1466,10 +1466,10 @@ test('the pre-load is throttled, at the level Cesium draws, and waits out a tilt
   }
   // The level Cesium's own selection takes for this view, worked by hand:
   // at 16x from 617 km the 900 px canvas is ~49.5 m a pixel. The ellipsoid
-  // terrain's level-zero error is 6378137 · 2π / 4 / 130 ≈ 77,067 m; it first
-  // meets Cesium's screen-space error of 2 px (≤ 99 m) at level 10, 75.3 m.
+  // terrain's level-zero error is 6378137 · 2π / 4 / 128 ≈ 78,272 m; it first
+  // meets Cesium's screen-space error of 2 px (≤ 99 m) at level 10, 76.4 m.
   // A Web Mercator level-zero texel at 30° is 6378137 · 2π · cos 30° / 256
-  // ≈ 135,566 m, so the imagery level is round(log2(135,566 / 75.3)) = 11.
+  // ≈ 135,570 m, so the imagery level is round(log2(135,570 / 76.4)) = 11.
   assert.equal(Number(requests[0].split('/')[0]), 11);
 });
 
diff --git a/src/ui/layerNames.js b/src/ui/layerNames.js
index bba7f96f7..e742ed3ee 100644
--- a/src/ui/layerNames.js
+++ b/src/ui/layerNames.js
@@ -61,12 +61,19 @@ export const PANEL_LABEL_KEYS = Object.freeze({
   'local-firms': msg('Active Fires'),
 });
 
+/** What the loading status names for a load that is not a layer's. */
+export const LOADING_NAME_KEYS = Object.freeze({
+  'place-names': msg('Place names'),
+});
+
 // Looked up by the English text, so a surface that holds `layer.name` keeps
 // its English data and only the shown text translates.
 const MODULE_NAME_KEYS = new Map(
-  [...Object.values(LAYER_NAME_KEYS), ...Object.values(PANEL_LABEL_KEYS)].map(
-    (key) => [key, key],
-  ),
+  [
+    ...Object.values(LAYER_NAME_KEYS),
+    ...Object.values(PANEL_LABEL_KEYS),
+    ...Object.values(LOADING_NAME_KEYS),
+  ].map((key) => [key, key]),
 );
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/ui/ownerFlag.js b/src/ui/ownerFlag.js
index 35d1f2f58..750b36e43 100644
--- a/src/ui/ownerFlag.js
+++ b/src/ui/ownerFlag.js
@@ -1,34 +1,75 @@
 /**
- * The owner mark beside a satellite's name: the owner country's flag (an SVG
- * from flag-icons — Windows draws no flag emoji), or a short text badge for
- * an organisation without one (ESA, EUMETSAT, "Multinational"). Each flag is
- * its own lazily fetched asset; only the shown one ever loads.
+ * The owner mark beside a satellite's name: the owner country's flag, or a
+ * short text badge for an organisation without one (ESA, EUMETSAT,
+ * "Multinational"). Windows draws no flag emoji, so the flags are pictures:
+ * one sheet of every owner country's flag (`scripts/build-owner-flags.mjs`,
+ * from flag-icons), loaded once at startup (`preloadOwnerFlags`), so riding
+ * a satellite never waits for its flag.
  */
 
+import { OWNER_FLAG_SHEET } from './ownerFlagSheet.js';
+
+/** The flag sheet's URL. */
+export const OWNER_FLAG_SHEET_URL = new URL(
+  '../data/local_data/owner_flags/owner_flags.png',
+  import.meta.url,
+).href;
+
+/** Each flag's place on the sheet, by ISO code. */
+const SHEET_INDEX = new Map(
+  OWNER_FLAG_SHEET.codes.map((code, index) => [code, index]),
+);
+
+let sheetLoad = null;
+
 /**
- * Flag URL loaders by path; empty under node:test, which has no glob. The
- * glob is eager so the bundle carries only the URL strings: a lazy glob would
- * emit a JS stub chunk per flag (~270), two requests for each flag shown.
- * The SVG itself is still fetched only when an <img> shows it.
+ * Load the flag sheet, once; the app calls this at startup. A failed load
+ * is asked again by the next caller, so a flag shown later can still come.
+ * @param {{createImage?: () => {onload: Function|null, onerror: Function|null,
+ *   src: string}}} [options] Test seam.
+ * @returns {Promise<boolean>} Whether the sheet is ready to draw from.
  */
-let FLAG_LOADERS = {};
-try {
-  const urls = import.meta.glob('/node_modules/flag-icons/flags/4x3/*.svg', {
-    query: '?url&no-inline',
-    import: 'default',
-    eager: true,
-    // flag-icons lives in node_modules, which globs skip by default.
-    exhaustive: true,
+export function preloadOwnerFlags({
+  createImage = () => new globalThis.Image(),
+} = {}) {
+  if (sheetLoad) return sheetLoad;
+  let image;
+  try {
+    image = createImage();
+  } catch {
+    return Promise.resolve(false);
+  }
+  const load = new Promise((resolve) => {
+    image.onload = () => resolve(true);
+    image.onerror = () => {
+      if (sheetLoad === load) sheetLoad = null;
+      resolve(false);
+    };
   });
-  FLAG_LOADERS = Object.fromEntries(
-    Object.entries(urls).map(([path, url]) => [path, () => url]),
-  );
-} catch {
-  /* Not under Vite. */
+  sheetLoad = load;
+  image.src = OWNER_FLAG_SHEET_URL;
+  return load;
 }
 
-const FLAG_PATH = (code) =>
-  `/node_modules/flag-icons/flags/4x3/${code.toLowerCase()}.svg`;
+/**
+ * How to draw a flag from the sheet at a size: the sheet as the element's
+ * background, scaled and shifted onto the flag's cell.
+ * @param {string} code ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, upper case.
+ * @param {{widthPx?: number, heightPx?: number}} [size] CSS pixels.
+ * @returns {{backgroundImage: string, backgroundSize: string,
+ *   backgroundPosition: string}|null} Null for a code not on the sheet.
+ */
+export function ownerFlagStyle(code, { widthPx = 20, heightPx = 15 } = {}) {
+  const index = SHEET_INDEX.get(code);
+  if (index === undefined) return null;
+  const column = index % OWNER_FLAG_SHEET.columns;
+  const row = Math.floor(index / OWNER_FLAG_SHEET.columns);
+  return {
+    backgroundImage: `url("${OWNER_FLAG_SHEET_URL}")`,
+    backgroundSize: `${OWNER_FLAG_SHEET.columns * widthPx}px ${OWNER_FLAG_SHEET.rows * heightPx}px`,
+    backgroundPosition: `${-column * widthPx}px ${-row * heightPx}px`,
+  };
+}
 
 /** An ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code, upper case, or null. */
 function isoCode(value) {
@@ -56,55 +97,39 @@ export function regionName(code, locale) {
 /**
  * How to mark a satellite's owner.
  * @param {{countryCode: string|null, label: string|null}|null|undefined} owner
- * @param {{locale?: string, loaders?: object}} [options]
+ * @param {{locale?: string, flags?: {has: (code: string) => boolean}}}
+ *   [options] `flags`: the codes with a flag (the sheet's).
  * @returns {{kind: 'flag', code: string, label: string}
  *   | {kind: 'badge', label: string, title: string}
  *   | null} A flag (with the country's localized name as its label), a text
  *   badge for an owner with no flag to show, or nothing when unknown.
  */
-export function ownerMark(
-  owner,
-  { locale = 'en', loaders = FLAG_LOADERS } = {},
-) {
+export function ownerMark(owner, { locale = 'en', flags = SHEET_INDEX } = {}) {
   const code = isoCode(owner?.countryCode);
   const label = String(owner?.label ?? '').trim();
   if (code) {
     const name = regionName(code, locale) || label || code;
-    if (loaders[FLAG_PATH(code)]) return { kind: 'flag', code, label: name };
+    if (flags.has(code)) return { kind: 'flag', code, label: name };
     return { kind: 'badge', label: label || code, title: name };
   }
   return label ? { kind: 'badge', label, title: label } : null;
 }
 
 /**
- * What the readout shows for an owner once its flag has loaded or failed: the
- * flag, or a badge (the country code when the flag would not load, so the
- * owner never disappears), or nothing for an unknown owner.
+ * What the readout shows for an owner once the flag sheet has loaded or
+ * failed: the flag, or a badge (the country code when the sheet would not
+ * load, so the owner never disappears), or nothing for an unknown owner.
  * @param {ReturnType<typeof ownerMark>} mark
- * @param {{url?: string|null, failed?: boolean}} [flag] The flag's load state.
- * @returns {{kind: 'flag', url: string, label: string}
+ * @param {{ready?: boolean, failed?: boolean}} [sheet] The sheet's state.
+ * @returns {{kind: 'flag', style: object, label: string}
  *   | {kind: 'badge', label: string, title: string} | null}
  */
-export function shownOwnerMark(mark, { url = null, failed = false } = {}) {
+export function shownOwnerMark(mark, { ready = false, failed = false } = {}) {
   if (!mark) return null;
   if (mark.kind === 'badge') return mark;
-  if (failed) {
+  const style = ownerFlagStyle(mark.code);
+  if (failed || !style) {
     return { kind: 'badge', label: mark.code.toUpperCase(), title: mark.label };
   }
-  return url ? { kind: 'flag', url, label: mark.label } : null;
-}
-
-/**
- * Fetch a flag's URL.
- * @param {string} code ISO 3166-1 alpha-2.
- * @returns {Promise<string|null>}
- */
-export async function loadFlagUrl(code, loaders = FLAG_LOADERS) {
-  const load = loaders[FLAG_PATH(String(code))];
-  if (!load) return null;
-  try {
-    return (await load()) || null;
-  } catch {
-    return null;
-  }
+  return ready ? { kind: 'flag', style, label: mark.label } : null;
 }
diff --git a/src/ui/ownerFlag.test.mjs b/src/ui/ownerFlag.test.mjs
index a1447bc86..737ab018d 100644
--- a/src/ui/ownerFlag.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/ownerFlag.test.mjs
@@ -1,75 +1,59 @@
 // src/ui/ownerFlag.test.mjs — a satellite owner's mark: a country's flag with
-// its localized name, a text badge for an organisation, nothing when unknown.
+// its localized name, drawn from the owner flag sheet; a text badge for an
+// organisation; nothing when unknown.
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { OWNER_COUNTRY_CODES } from '../layers/satellites/classes.js';
+import { OWNER_FLAG_SHEET } from './ownerFlagSheet.js';
 import {
-  loadFlagUrl,
+  OWNER_FLAG_SHEET_URL,
+  ownerFlagStyle,
   ownerMark,
+  preloadOwnerFlags,
   regionName,
   shownOwnerMark,
 } from './ownerFlag.js';
 
-const FLAG = (code) => `/node_modules/flag-icons/flags/4x3/${code}.svg`;
-const LOADERS = Object.freeze({
-  [FLAG('us')]: async () => '/assets/us-abc.svg',
-  [FLAG('fr')]: async () => '/assets/fr-def.svg',
-});
-
 test('an owner country shows its flag, named in the reader language', () => {
-  assert.deepEqual(
-    ownerMark({ countryCode: 'us', label: 'USA' }, { loaders: LOADERS }),
-    { kind: 'flag', code: 'US', label: 'United States' },
-  );
+  assert.deepEqual(ownerMark({ countryCode: 'us', label: 'USA' }), {
+    kind: 'flag',
+    code: 'US',
+    label: 'United States',
+  });
   assert.equal(
-    ownerMark(
-      { countryCode: 'FR', label: null },
-      { locale: 'de', loaders: LOADERS },
-    ).label,
+    ownerMark({ countryCode: 'FR', label: null }, { locale: 'de' }).label,
     'Frankreich',
   );
 });
 
 test('an organisation without a country shows a text badge', () => {
-  assert.deepEqual(
-    ownerMark({ countryCode: null, label: 'ESA' }, { loaders: LOADERS }),
-    { kind: 'badge', label: 'ESA', title: 'ESA' },
-  );
+  assert.deepEqual(ownerMark({ countryCode: null, label: 'ESA' }), {
+    kind: 'badge',
+    label: 'ESA',
+    title: 'ESA',
+  });
 });
 
-test('a country with no flag to show falls back to a badge', () => {
+test('a country with no flag on the sheet falls back to a badge', () => {
   assert.deepEqual(
-    ownerMark({ countryCode: 'DE', label: 'Germany' }, { loaders: LOADERS }),
+    ownerMark(
+      { countryCode: 'DE', label: 'Germany' },
+      { flags: new Set(['US']) },
+    ),
     { kind: 'badge', label: 'Germany', title: 'Germany' },
   );
   // Natural Earth and UCS write -99 or names, never a flag code.
-  assert.deepEqual(
-    ownerMark(
-      { countryCode: '-99', label: 'Multinational' },
-      { loaders: LOADERS },
-    ),
-    { kind: 'badge', label: 'Multinational', title: 'Multinational' },
-  );
+  assert.deepEqual(ownerMark({ countryCode: '-99', label: 'Multinational' }), {
+    kind: 'badge',
+    label: 'Multinational',
+    title: 'Multinational',
+  });
 });
 
 test('an unknown owner shows nothing', () => {
-  assert.equal(ownerMark(null, { loaders: LOADERS }), null);
-  assert.equal(
-    ownerMark({ countryCode: null, label: '  ' }, { loaders: LOADERS }),
-    null,
-  );
-});
-
-test('only the flag asked for loads', async () => {
-  assert.equal(await loadFlagUrl('US', LOADERS), '/assets/us-abc.svg');
-  assert.equal(await loadFlagUrl('DE', LOADERS), null);
-  assert.equal(
-    await loadFlagUrl('FR', {
-      [FLAG('fr')]: async () => {
-        throw new Error('offline');
-      },
-    }),
-    null,
-  );
+  assert.equal(ownerMark(null), null);
+  assert.equal(ownerMark({ countryCode: null, label: '  ' }), null);
 });
 
 test('a region name comes from Intl, never the bare code', () => {
@@ -77,12 +61,51 @@ test('a region name comes from Intl, never the bare code', () => {
   assert.equal(regionName('XX', 'en'), null);
 });
 
-test('a flag that will not load falls back to its country code, never to nothing', () => {
-  const flag = { kind: 'flag', code: 'us', label: 'United States' };
+test('the sheet holds every owner country a satellite can be marked with', () => {
+  assert.deepEqual([...OWNER_FLAG_SHEET.codes], [...OWNER_COUNTRY_CODES]);
+  assert.equal(
+    OWNER_FLAG_SHEET.rows,
+    Math.ceil(OWNER_FLAG_SHEET.codes.length / OWNER_FLAG_SHEET.columns),
+  );
+  // The PNG is as large as its layout says (width and height at bytes 16-23).
+  const png = readFileSync(new URL(OWNER_FLAG_SHEET_URL));
+  assert.equal(
+    png.readUInt32BE(16),
+    OWNER_FLAG_SHEET.columns * OWNER_FLAG_SHEET.cellWidthPx,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    png.readUInt32BE(20),
+    OWNER_FLAG_SHEET.rows * OWNER_FLAG_SHEET.cellHeightPx,
+  );
+});
+
+test('a flag is drawn from its cell of the sheet, at the size asked', () => {
+  const columns = OWNER_FLAG_SHEET.columns;
+  const index = OWNER_FLAG_SHEET.codes.indexOf('US');
+  const style = ownerFlagStyle('US');
+  assert.equal(style.backgroundImage, `url("${OWNER_FLAG_SHEET_URL}")`);
+  assert.equal(
+    style.backgroundSize,
+    `${columns * 20}px ${OWNER_FLAG_SHEET.rows * 15}px`,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    style.backgroundPosition,
+    `${-(index % columns) * 20}px ${-Math.floor(index / columns) * 15}px`,
+  );
+  // The first flag sits at the corner.
+  assert.equal(
+    ownerFlagStyle(OWNER_FLAG_SHEET.codes[0]).backgroundPosition,
+    '0px 0px',
+  );
+  assert.equal(ownerFlagStyle('XX'), null);
+});
+
+test('the flag shows once the sheet is ready; a failed sheet shows the code', () => {
+  const flag = { kind: 'flag', code: 'US', label: 'United States' };
   assert.equal(shownOwnerMark(flag), null, 'nothing while it loads');
-  assert.deepEqual(shownOwnerMark(flag, { url: '/flags/us.svg' }), {
+  assert.deepEqual(shownOwnerMark(flag, { ready: true }), {
     kind: 'flag',
-    url: '/flags/us.svg',
+    style: ownerFlagStyle('US'),
     label: 'United States',
   });
   assert.deepEqual(shownOwnerMark(flag, { failed: true }), {
@@ -95,14 +118,23 @@ test('a flag that will not load falls back to its country code, never to nothing
   assert.equal(shownOwnerMark(null), null);
 });
 
-test('flags ship as a map of URLs, not one JS chunk per flag', async () => {
-  const { readFileSync } = await import('node:fs');
-  const source = readFileSync(
-    new URL('./ownerFlag.js', import.meta.url),
-    'utf8',
-  );
-  // A lazy glob emits a stub chunk for each of ~270 flags; eager URLs ship
-  // only strings, and each SVG still loads when an <img> shows it.
-  assert.match(source, /eager:\s*true/);
-  assert.match(source, /query:\s*'\?url&no-inline'/);
+test('the sheet loads once; a failed load is asked again', async () => {
+  const images = [];
+  const createImage = () => {
+    const image = { onload: null, onerror: null, src: '' };
+    images.push(image);
+    return image;
+  };
+  const first = preloadOwnerFlags({ createImage });
+  assert.equal(images.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(images[0].src, OWNER_FLAG_SHEET_URL);
+  assert.equal(preloadOwnerFlags({ createImage }), first, 'one load at a time');
+  images[0].onerror();
+  assert.equal(await first, false);
+  const second = preloadOwnerFlags({ createImage });
+  assert.equal(images.length, 2, 'asked again after a failure');
+  images[1].onload();
+  assert.equal(await second, true);
+  assert.equal(preloadOwnerFlags({ createImage }), second, 'kept once loaded');
+  assert.equal(images.length, 2);
 });
diff --git a/src/ui/ownerFlagSheet.js b/src/ui/ownerFlagSheet.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dec6ef8e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/ownerFlagSheet.js
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+// Generated by scripts/build-owner-flags.mjs from flag-icons 7.5.0; do not edit.
+/** The owner flag sheet's layout: flag i at column i % columns, row i / columns. */
+export const OWNER_FLAG_SHEET = Object.freeze({
+  cellWidthPx: 40,
+  cellHeightPx: 30,
+  columns: 16,
+  rows: 7,
+  codes: Object.freeze([
+    'AE',
+    'AM',
+    'AO',
+    'AR',
+    'AT',
+    'AU',
+    'AZ',
+    'BD',
+    'BE',
+    'BG',
+    'BH',
+    'BM',
+    'BO',
+    'BR',
+    'BT',
+    'BW',
+    'BY',
+    'CA',
+    'CH',
+    'CL',
+    'CN',
+    'CO',
+    'CR',
+    'CZ',
+    'DE',
+    'DJ',
+    'DK',
+    'DZ',
+    'EC',
+    'EE',
+    'EG',
+    'ES',
+    'ET',
+    'FI',
+    'FR',
+    'GB',
+    'GH',
+    'GR',
+    'GT',
+    'HR',
+    'HU',
+    'ID',
+    'IE',
+    'IL',
+    'IN',
+    'IQ',
+    'IR',
+    'IT',
+    'JO',
+    'JP',
+    'KE',
+    'KP',
+    'KR',
+    'KW',
+    'KZ',
+    'LA',
+    'LK',
+    'LT',
+    'LU',
+    'MA',
+    'MC',
+    'MD',
+    'ME',
+    'MM',
+    'MN',
+    'MU',
+    'MX',
+    'MY',
+    'NG',
+    'NL',
+    'NO',
+    'NP',
+    'NZ',
+    'PE',
+    'PH',
+    'PK',
+    'PL',
+    'PT',
+    'PY',
+    'QA',
+    'RO',
+    'RU',
+    'RW',
+    'SA',
+    'SB',
+    'SD',
+    'SE',
+    'SG',
+    'SI',
+    'SN',
+    'TH',
+    'TM',
+    'TN',
+    'TR',
+    'TW',
+    'UA',
+    'US',
+    'UY',
+    'VA',
+    'VE',
+    'VN',
+    'ZA',
+    'ZW',
+  ]),
+});
diff --git a/src/ui/shellFeedbackStatusLocalization.test.mjs b/src/ui/shellFeedbackStatusLocalization.test.mjs
index b05ceb54f..aa282784d 100644
--- a/src/ui/shellFeedbackStatusLocalization.test.mjs
+++ b/src/ui/shellFeedbackStatusLocalization.test.mjs
@@ -140,3 +140,14 @@ for (const locale of ['es', 'ru']) {
     assert.equal(shown.label, t(error).toLocaleUpperCase(locale));
   });
 }
+
+test('the place names loading beside the layers are named in the language', () => {
+  setLocale('de');
+  const localized = localizeLoadingPresentation({
+    state: 'loading',
+    label: 'LOADING LIVE DATA',
+    detail: 'Satellites · Place names',
+  });
+  assert.equal(localized.detail, 'Satelliten · Ortsnamen');
+  setLocale('en');
+});
diff --git a/src/ui/styles/cockpitOrbital.css b/src/ui/styles/cockpitOrbital.css
index 2fc84fd0e..6f0bd76f9 100644
--- a/src/ui/styles/cockpitOrbital.css
+++ b/src/ui/styles/cockpitOrbital.css
@@ -194,11 +194,12 @@
 }
 .cockpit-orbital-flag {
   flex: none;
+  box-sizing: content-box;
   width: 20px;
   height: 15px;
   border: 1px solid var(--orbital-faint);
   border-radius: 1px;
-  object-fit: cover;
+  background-repeat: no-repeat;
 }
 .cockpit-orbital-owner-badge {
   flex: none;
diff --git a/src/ui/views/panels/CockpitOrbital.vue b/src/ui/views/panels/CockpitOrbital.vue
index 47f19cbef..3e8083755 100644
--- a/src/ui/views/panels/CockpitOrbital.vue
+++ b/src/ui/views/panels/CockpitOrbital.vue
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import {
   tleAgeParts,
 } from '../../cockpitPresentation.js';
 import {
-  loadFlagUrl,
   ownerMark,
+  preloadOwnerFlags,
   regionName,
   shownOwnerMark,
 } from '../../ownerFlag.js';
@@ -189,34 +189,25 @@ const placeText = computed(() => {
 const mark = computed(() =>
   ownerMark(orbital.value?.owner, { locale: getLocale() }),
 );
-const flagUrl = ref(null);
-// A flag that would not load (offline, a stale chunk after a deploy, a
-// missing file) falls back to the code as a badge, never to no owner at all.
-const flagFailed = ref(false);
-let flagRequest = 0;
+// The flag sheet loads at startup; a sheet that would not load (offline, a
+// stale asset after a deploy) is asked again for the next flag, and until it
+// comes the code shows as a badge, never no owner at all.
+const flagsReady = ref(false);
+const flagsFailed = ref(false);
 watch(
   () => (mark.value?.kind === 'flag' ? mark.value.code : null),
   async (code) => {
-    const request = ++flagRequest;
-    flagUrl.value = null;
-    flagFailed.value = false;
-    if (!code) return;
-    let url = null;
-    try {
-      url = await loadFlagUrl(code);
-    } catch {
-      url = null;
-    }
-    if (request !== flagRequest) return;
-    flagUrl.value = url;
-    flagFailed.value = !url;
+    if (!code || flagsReady.value) return;
+    const ready = await preloadOwnerFlags();
+    flagsReady.value = ready;
+    flagsFailed.value = !ready;
   },
   { immediate: true },
 );
 const shownMark = computed(() =>
   shownOwnerMark(mark.value, {
-    url: flagUrl.value,
-    failed: flagFailed.value,
+    ready: flagsReady.value,
+    failed: flagsFailed.value,
   }),
 );
 
@@ -293,8 +284,7 @@ const lensStyle = computed(() => {
       <div class="cockpit-orbital-readout">
         <p class="cockpit-orbital-kicker">{{ look.offset ? t('ORBITAL VIEW · OFF-NADIR') : t('ORBITAL VIEW · NADIR') }}</p>
         <div class="cockpit-orbital-title">
-          <!-- i18n-ignore: @error is the image's load-failure event, not a status message. -->
-          <img v-if="shownMark?.kind === 'flag'" class="cockpit-orbital-flag" :src="shownMark.url" :alt="shownMark.label" :title="shownMark.label" width="20" height="15" @error="flagFailed = true" />
+          <span v-if="shownMark?.kind === 'flag'" class="cockpit-orbital-flag" role="img" :aria-label="shownMark.label" :title="shownMark.label" :style="shownMark.style"></span>
           <span v-else-if="shownMark?.kind === 'badge'" class="cockpit-orbital-owner-badge" :title="shownMark.title">{{ shownMark.label }}</span>
           <p class="cockpit-orbital-name">{{ orbital.name }}</p>
         </div>