diff --git a/changelog.d/1244-terrain-test-cache-isolation.md b/changelog.d/1244-terrain-test-cache-isolation.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5efacd3bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1244-terrain-test-cache-isolation.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+- The terrain-heights bounds tests no longer read the checkout's
+  `.gev-cache/terrain-heights.json`. Each test gets a cache file of its own, so
+  `npm test` no longer fails after the dev server has cached terrain near
+  Austin (KnottyDyes, #1244).
diff --git a/changelog.d/1303-wind-stale.md b/changelog.d/1303-wind-stale.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb54224a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/1303-wind-stale.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+- `get_wind` flags stale forecasts (`stale`) when the wind proxy serves a
+  cached model run (quanticsoul4772, #1303).
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 0acd7575a..c8507dd72 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -6018,7 +6018,7 @@ closed. Performance and live agency reliability require recorded validation.
 
 ## Wind forecast models
 
-Wind supports selectable GFS/IFS models with persisted model choice. Each fetch chooses the available cycle and forecast step nearest the current time; rows show both issue and valid UTC timestamps. Grid identities include model, cycle, forecast step and any requested scalar field. The six model/field cache slots each retain the last two issued grids for manifest/grid rollover, coalesce concurrent requests, retain last-good data on failures and retry no faster than once per minute. Model changes clear the old field immediately, cancel old acquisition and ignore superseded results.
+Wind supports selectable GFS/IFS models with persisted model choice. Each fetch chooses the available cycle and forecast step nearest the current time; rows show both issue and valid UTC timestamps. Grid identities include model, cycle, forecast step and any requested scalar field. The six model/field cache slots each retain the last two issued grids for manifest/grid rollover, coalesce concurrent requests, retain last-good data on failures and retry no faster than once per minute. Model changes clear the old field immediately, cancel old acquisition and ignore superseded results. Last-good data is marked stale; the wind row shows it, and `get_wind` returns `stale` and adds "(forecast may be stale)" to its summary.
 
 ### Local Weather review candidate
 
diff --git a/src/terrainHeightsBounds.test.mjs b/src/terrainHeightsBounds.test.mjs
index 3746f4fe4..1676c80ba 100644
--- a/src/terrainHeightsBounds.test.mjs
+++ b/src/terrainHeightsBounds.test.mjs
@@ -99,6 +99,18 @@ function stubTerrainUpstream(t) {
   return asked;
 }
 
+/**
+ * A cache file of the test's own, removed when the test ends. Without one the
+ * proxy falls back to this checkout's `.gev-cache/terrain-heights.json`, and a
+ * point the app has already cached there would answer a request the test
+ * expects to reach the stubbed upstream (#1242).
+ */
+async function isolatedCachePath(t) {
+  const dir = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'gev-terrain-'));
+  t.after(() => rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true }));
+  return path.join(dir, 'terrain-heights.json');
+}
+
 test('a coordinate off the globe is not a cache key', () => {
   // Finite but not on Earth — the old guard accepted every one of these.
   for (const raw of [
@@ -122,7 +134,9 @@ test('an out-of-range point is refused before it reaches upstream or the cache',
     upstreamCalls += 1;
     return new Response('[]', { status: 200 });
   });
-  const route = install(terrainHeightsProxy()).get('/api/terrain/heights');
+  const route = install(
+    terrainHeightsProxy({ cachePath: await isolatedCachePath(t) }),
+  ).get('/api/terrain/heights');
 
   const refused = await request(route, { url: '/?points=0,91' });
   assert.equal(refused.statusCode, 400);
@@ -135,7 +149,9 @@ test('an out-of-range point is refused before it reaches upstream or the cache',
 
 test('one out-of-range point rejects the batch it is hidden in', async (t) => {
   stubFetch(t, async () => new Response('[]', { status: 200 }));
-  const route = install(terrainHeightsProxy()).get('/api/terrain/heights');
+  const route = install(
+    terrainHeightsProxy({ cachePath: await isolatedCachePath(t) }),
+  ).get('/api/terrain/heights');
   const mixed = await request(route, {
     url: '/?points=-97.74,30.26;0,999;-97.75,30.27',
   });
@@ -145,9 +161,12 @@ test('one out-of-range point rejects the batch it is hidden in', async (t) => {
 test('the point cache stops growing, and an evicted point is simply refetched', async (t) => {
   const asked = stubTerrainUpstream(t);
   // A ceiling of 3 exercises the same code path 50,000 does, in four requests.
-  const route = install(terrainHeightsProxy({ cacheMaxEntries: 3 })).get(
-    '/api/terrain/heights',
-  );
+  const route = install(
+    terrainHeightsProxy({
+      cachePath: await isolatedCachePath(t),
+      cacheMaxEntries: 3,
+    }),
+  ).get('/api/terrain/heights');
 
   const point = (i) => `-97.7${i}000,30.26000`;
   for (let i = 1; i <= 4; i += 1)
@@ -168,9 +187,7 @@ test('the point cache stops growing, and an evicted point is simply refetched',
 test('an over-large cache file is not read back into memory', async (t) => {
   const asked = stubTerrainUpstream(t);
   const point = '-97.74000,30.26000';
-  const dir = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'gev-terrain-'));
-  const cachePath = path.join(dir, 'terrain-heights.json');
-  t.after(() => rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true }));
+  const cachePath = await isolatedCachePath(t);
 
   // A cache file holding the answer, but larger than the ceiling allows.
   const padded = {
@@ -201,7 +218,9 @@ test('an over-large cache file is not read back into memory', async (t) => {
 
 test('the route refuses a flood of requests from one client', async (t) => {
   stubTerrainUpstream(t);
-  const route = install(terrainHeightsProxy()).get('/api/terrain/heights');
+  const route = install(
+    terrainHeightsProxy({ cachePath: await isolatedCachePath(t) }),
+  ).get('/api/terrain/heights');
 
   let refusedAt = 0;
   for (let i = 1; i <= 95; i += 1) {
@@ -218,7 +237,9 @@ test('the route refuses a flood of requests from one client', async (t) => {
 
 test('a cross-site page cannot fill the cache or spend the visitor quota', async (t) => {
   const asked = stubTerrainUpstream(t);
-  const route = install(terrainHeightsProxy()).get('/api/terrain/heights');
+  const route = install(
+    terrainHeightsProxy({ cachePath: await isolatedCachePath(t) }),
+  ).get('/api/terrain/heights');
   const host = 'localhost:5173';
   const refused = [
     { host, 'sec-fetch-site': 'cross-site' }, // <img src> from any web page
@@ -253,7 +274,9 @@ test('a cross-site page cannot fill the cache or spend the visitor quota', async
 
 test('the app served behind a reverse proxy still gets terrain', async (t) => {
   const asked = stubTerrainUpstream(t);
-  const route = install(terrainHeightsProxy()).get('/api/terrain/heights');
+  const route = install(
+    terrainHeightsProxy({ cachePath: await isolatedCachePath(t) }),
+  ).get('/api/terrain/heights');
   const host = 'globe.example.lan';
   // What nginx/Caddy/Cloudflare add in front of a same-origin app fetch. The
   // cost-bearing routes refuse these; terrain is keyless and needed to render,
@@ -347,7 +370,9 @@ test('a second client keeps its own quota', async (t) => {
   stubFetch(t, async () =>
     Response.json([{ lng: -97.74, lat: 30.26, height: 150 }]),
   );
-  const route = install(terrainHeightsProxy()).get('/api/terrain/heights');
+  const route = install(
+    terrainHeightsProxy({ cachePath: await isolatedCachePath(t) }),
+  ).get('/api/terrain/heights');
 
   for (let i = 0; i < 90; i += 1)
     await request(route, {
diff --git a/src/tools/queries/atmosphere.js b/src/tools/queries/atmosphere.js
index d20a58027..9cbd8fec0 100644
--- a/src/tools/queries/atmosphere.js
+++ b/src/tools/queries/atmosphere.js
@@ -204,10 +204,14 @@ export const getWind = defineTool({
     const speed = windSpeed(vector.u, vector.v);
     const from = windFrom(vector.u, vector.v);
     const kph = speed * 3.6;
+    // When the model upstream fails, the proxy keeps serving the last run it
+    // has, however old, marked stale.
+    const stale = snapshot.stale === true;
     return {
       summary:
         `Wind at ${point.label}: ${kph.toFixed(0)} km/h` +
-        (from === 'Calm' ? ', calm.' : ` from the ${from}.`),
+        (from === 'Calm' ? ', calm' : ` from the ${from}`) +
+        (stale ? ' (forecast may be stale).' : '.'),
       data: {
         view: suggestView(services, {
           point,
@@ -224,6 +228,7 @@ export const getWind = defineTool({
         level: snapshot.level ?? '10 m above ground',
         model,
         cycle: snapshot.cycle ?? null,
+        stale,
       },
     };
   },
diff --git a/src/tools/queries/atmosphere.test.mjs b/src/tools/queries/atmosphere.test.mjs
index cf19d83f3..57b41b81a 100644
--- a/src/tools/queries/atmosphere.test.mjs
+++ b/src/tools/queries/atmosphere.test.mjs
@@ -148,6 +148,34 @@ test('wind is sampled from the model grid at the location', async () => {
   const calm = await catalog.call('get_wind', { location: { lat: 0, lon: 0 } });
   assert.equal(calm.summary, 'Wind at 0.0000, 0.0000: 0 km/h, calm.');
   assert.equal(calm.data.calm, true);
+  assert.equal(calm.data.stale, false);
+  // The proxy's last run, served while the model upstream fails.
+  const cached = composeCatalog({
+    tools: coreTools,
+    services: {
+      wind: {
+        getSnapshot: async (options) => ({
+          ...(await wind.getSnapshot(options)),
+          stale: true,
+          reason: 'Wind upstream unavailable',
+        }),
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const stale = await cached.call('get_wind', { location: { lat: 0, lon: 0 } });
+  assert.equal(
+    stale.summary,
+    'Wind at 0.0000, 0.0000: 0 km/h, calm (forecast may be stale).',
+  );
+  assert.equal(stale.data.stale, true);
+  u.fill(10);
+  const staleWest = await cached.call('get_wind', {
+    location: { lat: 30.27, lon: -97.74 },
+  });
+  assert.equal(
+    staleWest.summary,
+    'Wind at 30.2700, -97.7400: 36 km/h from the W (forecast may be stale).',
+  );
   const down = composeCatalog({
     tools: coreTools,
     services: { wind: { getSnapshot: async () => ({ unavailable: true }) } },