diff --git a/SECURITY.md b/SECURITY.md
index a749fd439..6b248ddef 100644
--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ The data proxies under `server/providers/` are written so the browser cannot tur
 
 Allowing `maps.googleapis.com` in `script-src` also trusts its JSONP endpoints, which can bypass the script allowlist if an HTML-injection bug exists; this is an accepted limitation of loading the Maps JavaScript API, alongside the existing `'unsafe-eval'` allowance.
 - **Full Content-Security-Policy.** The dev and preview servers send a real CSP (`script-src 'self' 'unsafe-eval' blob:` plus the YouTube, Facebook and X scripts the Nepal event's embedded media loads, with a matching `frame-src` for their players and posts: no inline script and no other script origin; `blob:` covers the object URLs Cesium's bundled workers bootstrap through in the built app), alongside the existing `X-Frame-Options: DENY` and `frame-ancestors 'none'`. `'unsafe-eval'` stays because Knockout, bundled inside Cesium's widgets package, resolves the global object with `eval` at load time and the globe does not initialize without it; styles permit `'unsafe-inline'` and Google Fonts because Vite's dev client injects `<style>` elements.
-- **Typed chat spends the provider keys.** `/api/openai/chat` and `/api/gemini/chat` send the conversation to OpenAI Chat Completions or Gemini `generateContent` with the server's `OPENAI_API_KEY` or `GEMINI_API_KEY`. They require a same-site `Origin` (the Gemini request check), cap request bodies at 512 KB, refuse upstream redirects, cut the upstream call off after 60 s and return only sanitized errors. OpenAI chat can only bill `OPENAI_API_KEY`, so while `GEV_PREFER_CODEX_OAUTH` pins OpenAI to ChatGPT OAuth it refuses with `503` (`CODEX_OAUTH_REQUIRED`) rather than spend the key. After an upstream `401` or `403`, a route stops sending that key upstream for a minute, or until the key changes.
+- **Typed chat spends the provider keys.** `/api/openai/chat` and `/api/gemini/chat` send the conversation to OpenAI Chat Completions or Gemini `generateContent` with the server's `OPENAI_API_KEY` or `GEMINI_API_KEY`. They require a same-site `Origin` (the Gemini request check), cap request bodies at 512 KB, refuse upstream redirects, cut the upstream call off after 60 s and return only sanitized errors. OpenAI chat can only bill `OPENAI_API_KEY`, so while `GEV_PREFER_CODEX_OAUTH` pins OpenAI to ChatGPT OAuth it refuses with `503` (`CODEX_OAUTH_REQUIRED`) rather than spend the key. After the provider refuses the key or account (a `401`, a `403`, Gemini's `400` `API_KEY_INVALID` or OpenAI's `429` `insufficient_quota`), a route stops sending that key upstream for a minute, or until the key changes.
 - **ChatGPT OAuth voice reuses the local Codex sign-in.** `/api/realtime/oauth-status`, `/api/realtime/oauth-login` and `/api/realtime/token?auth=oauth` answer only loopback connections, behind the same cross-site gate as the token endpoint; the login route also refuses a foreign `Origin`. None of them returns the access token. The login route runs `codex login` (or the executable named by `CODEX_BIN`) with an allowlisted environment that leaves out GEV's provider keys, keeps one attempt pending at a time and cancels it after two minutes or when the server stops. **Limits:** any program on this machine that can reach the server can mint Realtime sessions on the signed-in ChatGPT account, as it can with the API key; a local reverse proxy that hides the client's address defeats the loopback check; and OpenAI has not documented this use of Codex credentials for Realtime, so it may stop working or fall outside the account's terms.
 
 ## Network exposure — the operator threat model
diff --git a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
index 9bb4a2ab4..44a5a21b6 100644
--- a/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
+++ b/docs/CURRENT-STATE.md
@@ -703,9 +703,13 @@ The chat routes answer a missing key with `503` and code `API_KEY_MISSING`.
 OpenAI chat can only bill `OPENAI_API_KEY`, so while `GEV_PREFER_CODEX_OAUTH`
 pins OpenAI to ChatGPT OAuth it answers `503` with code `CODEX_OAUTH_REQUIRED`
 instead; Gemini chat is unaffected. An upstream `429` or `503` keeps its status
-and passes on a `Retry-After` given in seconds, capped at an hour. After an
-upstream `401` or `403`, the route answers `502` without calling the provider
-for a minute, unless the configured key changes.
+and passes on a `Retry-After` given in seconds, capped at an hour; the chat
+names the wait, and a throttled reply carries code `RATE_LIMITED`. A refused
+key or account stops reaching the provider for a minute, unless the configured
+key changes: `API_KEY_REJECTED` for a `401` or Gemini's `400` with reason
+`API_KEY_INVALID`, `ACCESS_DENIED` for a `403`, and `QUOTA_EXCEEDED` for
+OpenAI's `429` `insufficient_quota`. Each refusal answers `502` with its code,
+and the chat shows a matching message.
 
 Chat and the voice panel sit above the dock or dock into the right rail's lane,
 which hides the rail until the panel minimizes or closes, or a rail panel opens.
diff --git a/server/providers/common/textChat.js b/server/providers/common/textChat.js
index c4df35965..7bef4b177 100644
--- a/server/providers/common/textChat.js
+++ b/server/providers/common/textChat.js
@@ -14,17 +14,31 @@ const FAILURE = 'Could not connect. Try again.';
 // A rejected key is not retried upstream for this long, unless the key changes.
 const REJECTED_KEY_COOLDOWN_MS = 60_000;
 
-// Gemini answers an invalid key with 400 and this reason, not 401 or 403.
-const KEY_REJECTED_REASON = 'API_KEY_INVALID';
-async function rejectsKey(response, signal) {
-  if ([401, 403].includes(response.status)) return true;
-  if (response.status !== 400) return false;
+// What an upstream failure says about the key or the account. Gemini answers
+// an invalid key with 400 and an ErrorInfo reason, not 401; OpenAI answers an
+// account without credit with 429 insufficient_quota, which waiting won't fix.
+// A 403 is the key's project, region or permissions, so it cools down too but
+// does not blame the key. Only small error bodies are read.
+async function upstreamRefusal(response, signal) {
+  const { status } = response;
+  if (status === 401) return 'API_KEY_REJECTED';
+  if (status === 403) return 'ACCESS_DENIED';
+  if (![400, 429].includes(status)) return null;
+  let error;
   try {
-    const body = await readResponseJsonCapped(response, 16 * 1024, signal);
-    return JSON.stringify(body).includes(KEY_REJECTED_REASON);
+    error = (await readResponseJsonCapped(response, 16 * 1024, signal))?.error;
   } catch {
-    return false;
+    return null;
   }
+  if (
+    status === 400 &&
+    Array.isArray(error?.details) &&
+    error.details.some((detail) => detail?.reason === 'API_KEY_INVALID')
+  )
+    return 'API_KEY_REJECTED';
+  if (status === 429 && error?.code === 'insufficient_quota')
+    return 'QUOTA_EXCEEDED';
+  return null;
 }
 
 // Pass through only a delay in whole seconds, capped at an hour.
@@ -106,7 +120,7 @@ export function createTextChatHandler({
           'Retry-After',
           String(Math.max(1, Math.ceil((rejected.until - now()) / 1000))),
         );
-        return reply(502, FAILURE, 'API_KEY_REJECTED');
+        return reply(502, FAILURE, rejected.code);
       }
       if (limiter === undefined)
         limiter = makeCostRateLimiter(
@@ -156,10 +170,15 @@ export function createTextChatHandler({
       if (response.redirected || (response.url && response.url !== endpoint))
         throw new Error('Unexpected destination');
       if (!response.ok) {
-        if (await rejectsKey(response, lifetime.signal)) {
+        const refusal = await upstreamRefusal(response, lifetime.signal);
+        if (refusal) {
           void response.body?.cancel().catch(() => {});
-          rejected = { key: apiKey, until: now() + REJECTED_KEY_COOLDOWN_MS };
-          return reply(502, FAILURE, 'API_KEY_REJECTED');
+          rejected = {
+            key: apiKey,
+            code: refusal,
+            until: now() + REJECTED_KEY_COOLDOWN_MS,
+          };
+          return reply(502, FAILURE, refusal);
         }
         void response.body?.cancel().catch(() => {});
         if (![429, 503].includes(response.status)) return reply(502, FAILURE);
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
index a8f9e11f6..953cf1892 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ar.json
@@ -3293,5 +3293,7 @@
   "That request needed too many steps. Changes already made to the map stay in place.": "تطلّب هذا الطلب خطوات كثيرة جدًا. تبقى التغييرات التي أُجريت على الخريطة كما هي.",
   "That request needed too many steps. Try a simpler request.": "تطلّب هذا الطلب خطوات كثيرة جدًا. جرّب طلبًا أبسط.",
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "رفض المزوّد مفتاح API. تحقّق منه في إعدادات المزوّد.",
-  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "طلبات دردشة كثيرة جدًا. حاول مجددًا بعد {seconds} ث."
+  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "طلبات دردشة كثيرة جدًا. حاول مجددًا بعد {seconds} ث.",
+  "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "رفض المزوّد الوصول لهذا المفتاح. تحقّق من مشروع المفتاح أو منطقته أو أذوناته.",
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "نفد رصيد حساب المزوّد. تحقّق من الفوترة، أو اختر مزوّد ذكاء اصطناعي آخر في الإعدادات."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/de.json b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
index 44136fdf4..d3a593ec6 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/de.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/de.json
@@ -3013,5 +3013,7 @@
   "That request needed too many steps. Changes already made to the map stay in place.": "Diese Anfrage brauchte zu viele Schritte. Bereits vorgenommene Kartenänderungen bleiben erhalten.",
   "That request needed too many steps. Try a simpler request.": "Diese Anfrage brauchte zu viele Schritte. Versuche eine einfachere Anfrage.",
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "Der Anbieter hat den API-Schlüssel abgelehnt. Prüfe ihn in den Anbieter-Einstellungen.",
-  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Zu viele Chat-Anfragen. In {seconds} s erneut versuchen."
+  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Zu viele Chat-Anfragen. In {seconds} s erneut versuchen.",
+  "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "Der Anbieter hat den Zugriff für diesen Schlüssel verweigert. Prüfe Projekt, Region oder Berechtigungen des Schlüssels.",
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "Das Anbieterkonto hat kein Guthaben mehr. Prüfe die Abrechnung oder wähle in den Einstellungen einen anderen KI-Anbieter."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/es.json b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
index 7282e7ee3..b66bd57c5 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/es.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/es.json
@@ -3083,5 +3083,7 @@
   "That request needed too many steps. Changes already made to the map stay in place.": "Esa solicitud necesitó demasiados pasos. Los cambios ya hechos en el mapa se mantienen.",
   "That request needed too many steps. Try a simpler request.": "Esa solicitud necesitó demasiados pasos. Prueba una solicitud más sencilla.",
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "El proveedor rechazó la clave de API. Revísala en Ajustes del proveedor.",
-  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Demasiadas solicitudes de chat. Vuelve a intentarlo en {seconds} s."
+  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Demasiadas solicitudes de chat. Vuelve a intentarlo en {seconds} s.",
+  "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "El proveedor denegó el acceso a esta clave. Revisa el proyecto, la región o los permisos de la clave.",
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "La cuenta del proveedor no tiene crédito. Revisa la facturación o elige otro proveedor de IA en Ajustes."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
index 722681018..d563b386c 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/fr.json
@@ -3083,5 +3083,7 @@
   "That request needed too many steps. Changes already made to the map stay in place.": "Cette demande a nécessité trop d’étapes. Les modifications déjà apportées à la carte sont conservées.",
   "That request needed too many steps. Try a simpler request.": "Cette demande a nécessité trop d’étapes. Essayez une demande plus simple.",
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "Le fournisseur a refusé la clé d’API. Vérifiez-la dans les paramètres du fournisseur.",
-  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Trop de requêtes de chat. Réessayez dans {seconds} s."
+  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Trop de requêtes de chat. Réessayez dans {seconds} s.",
+  "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "Le fournisseur a refusé l’accès pour cette clé. Vérifiez le projet, la région ou les autorisations de la clé.",
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "Le compte du fournisseur n’a plus de crédit. Vérifiez la facturation ou choisissez un autre fournisseur d’IA dans les paramètres."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/it.json b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
index 90ab46d7b..e6eba326e 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/it.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/it.json
@@ -3083,5 +3083,7 @@
   "That request needed too many steps. Changes already made to the map stay in place.": "Questa richiesta ha richiesto troppi passaggi. Le modifiche già fatte alla mappa restano.",
   "That request needed too many steps. Try a simpler request.": "Questa richiesta ha richiesto troppi passaggi. Prova una richiesta più semplice.",
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "Il provider ha rifiutato la chiave API. Controllala nelle impostazioni del provider.",
-  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Troppe richieste di chat. Riprova tra {seconds} s."
+  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Troppe richieste di chat. Riprova tra {seconds} s.",
+  "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "Il provider ha negato l’accesso per questa chiave. Controlla progetto, regione o autorizzazioni della chiave.",
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "L’account del provider ha esaurito il credito. Controlla la fatturazione o scegli un altro provider IA nelle impostazioni."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
index 6cdda999f..a0abda625 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ja.json
@@ -2943,5 +2943,7 @@
   "That request needed too many steps. Changes already made to the map stay in place.": "このリクエストは手順が多すぎました。地図に加えた変更はそのまま残ります。",
   "That request needed too many steps. Try a simpler request.": "このリクエストは手順が多すぎました。より簡単なリクエストを試してください。",
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "プロバイダーが API キーを拒否しました。プロバイダー設定で確認してください。",
-  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "チャットのリクエストが多すぎます。{seconds} 秒後にもう一度お試しください。"
+  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "チャットのリクエストが多すぎます。{seconds} 秒後にもう一度お試しください。",
+  "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "プロバイダーがこのキーへのアクセスを拒否しました。キーのプロジェクト、地域、権限を確認してください。",
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "プロバイダーのアカウントのクレジットが不足しています。請求を確認するか、設定で別の AI プロバイダーを選んでください。"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
index a623382b9..d8bac8240 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/pt.json
@@ -3083,5 +3083,7 @@
   "That request needed too many steps. Changes already made to the map stay in place.": "Esse pedido precisou de etapas demais. As alterações já feitas no mapa continuam.",
   "That request needed too many steps. Try a simpler request.": "Esse pedido precisou de etapas demais. Tente um pedido mais simples.",
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "O provedor recusou a chave de API. Verifique-a nas configurações do provedor.",
-  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Pedidos de chat demais. Tente de novo em {seconds} s."
+  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Pedidos de chat demais. Tente de novo em {seconds} s.",
+  "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "O provedor negou o acesso para esta chave. Verifique o projeto, a região ou as permissões da chave.",
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "A conta do provedor está sem crédito. Verifique o faturamento ou escolha outro provedor de IA nas configurações."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
index ec52cae22..1cc8ce80d 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/ru.json
@@ -3153,5 +3153,7 @@
   "That request needed too many steps. Changes already made to the map stay in place.": "Этот запрос потребовал слишком много шагов. Уже внесённые изменения карты сохранятся.",
   "That request needed too many steps. Try a simpler request.": "Этот запрос потребовал слишком много шагов. Попробуйте запрос попроще.",
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "Провайдер отклонил ключ API. Проверьте его в настройках провайдера.",
-  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Слишком много запросов чата. Повторите через {seconds} с."
+  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Слишком много запросов чата. Повторите через {seconds} с.",
+  "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "Провайдер запретил доступ для этого ключа. Проверьте проект, регион или разрешения ключа.",
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "На счёте провайдера закончились средства. Проверьте оплату или выберите другого провайдера ИИ в настройках."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
index 2dabddfb8..f2e4b9f8c 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/uk.json
@@ -3153,5 +3153,7 @@
   "That request needed too many steps. Changes already made to the map stay in place.": "Цей запит потребував забагато кроків. Уже внесені зміни на мапі залишаються.",
   "That request needed too many steps. Try a simpler request.": "Цей запит потребував забагато кроків. Спробуйте простіший запит.",
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "Провайдер відхилив ключ API. Перевірте його в налаштуваннях провайдера.",
-  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Забагато запитів до чату. Спробуйте ще раз через {seconds} с."
+  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "Забагато запитів до чату. Спробуйте ще раз через {seconds} с.",
+  "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "Провайдер заборонив доступ для цього ключа. Перевірте проєкт, регіон або дозволи ключа.",
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "На рахунку провайдера закінчилися кошти. Перевірте оплату або виберіть іншого провайдера ШІ в налаштуваннях."
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
index a598fcd6f..63c9589dd 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -2943,5 +2943,7 @@
   "That request needed too many steps. Changes already made to the map stay in place.": "此请求所需步骤过多。已对地图做出的更改会保留。",
   "That request needed too many steps. Try a simpler request.": "此请求所需步骤过多。请尝试更简单的请求。",
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "提供商拒绝了 API 密钥。请在提供商设置中检查。",
-  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "聊天请求过多。请在 {seconds} 秒后重试。"
+  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "聊天请求过多。请在 {seconds} 秒后重试。",
+  "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "提供商拒绝了此密钥的访问。请检查该密钥的项目、地区或权限。",
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "提供商账户余额不足。请检查账单，或在设置中选择其他 AI 提供商。"
 }
diff --git a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
index aaf7eb944..6310c0754 100644
--- a/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
+++ b/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.json
@@ -2943,5 +2943,7 @@
   "That request needed too many steps. Changes already made to the map stay in place.": "此請求所需步驟過多。已對地圖做出的變更會保留。",
   "That request needed too many steps. Try a simpler request.": "此請求所需步驟過多。請嘗試更簡單的請求。",
   "The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.": "供應商拒絕了 API 金鑰。請在供應商設定中檢查。",
-  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "聊天請求過多。請在 {seconds} 秒後重試。"
+  "Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.": "聊天請求過多。請在 {seconds} 秒後重試。",
+  "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.": "供應商拒絕了此金鑰的存取。請檢查該金鑰的專案、地區或權限。",
+  "The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.": "供應商帳戶餘額不足。請檢查帳單，或在設定中選擇其他 AI 供應商。"
 }
diff --git a/src/textChatServer.test.mjs b/src/textChatServer.test.mjs
index e96d88e41..e334cf0f0 100644
--- a/src/textChatServer.test.mjs
+++ b/src/textChatServer.test.mjs
@@ -442,6 +442,43 @@ for (const [name, provider] of Object.entries(providers)) {
     await plain.send();
     assert.equal(upstream, 3);
   });
+  test(`${name} a 403 or an out-of-credit 429 cools down with its own code`, async (t) => {
+    for (const [status, body, code] of [
+      [
+        403,
+        { error: { code: 'unsupported_country_region_territory' } },
+        'ACCESS_DENIED',
+      ],
+      [429, { error: { code: 'insufficient_quota' } }, 'QUOTA_EXCEEDED'],
+    ]) {
+      let upstream = 0;
+      const f = await fixture(t, provider, async () => {
+        upstream++;
+        return Response.json(body, { status });
+      });
+      const first = await f.send();
+      assert.equal(first.status, 502);
+      assert.equal((await first.json()).code, code);
+      const cooling = await f.send();
+      assert.equal((await cooling.json()).code, code);
+      assert.equal(upstream, 1, `${code} is not retried at once`);
+    }
+  });
+  test(`${name} only an exact invalid-key reason marks a 400 as a rejected key`, async (t) => {
+    let upstream = 0;
+    const f = await fixture(t, provider, async () => {
+      upstream++;
+      return Response.json(
+        { error: { code: 400, message: 'Field API_KEY_INVALID is unknown' } },
+        { status: 400 },
+      );
+    });
+    const reply = await f.send();
+    assert.equal(reply.status, 502);
+    assert.equal((await reply.json()).code, undefined);
+    await f.send();
+    assert.equal(upstream, 2);
+  });
   test(`${name} throttled replies say they are rate limited`, async (t) => {
     const local = await fixture(t, provider, undefined, {
       resolveRateLimit: () => '1',
diff --git a/src/voice/panel/host.test.mjs b/src/voice/panel/host.test.mjs
index f79543a65..06766a108 100644
--- a/src/voice/panel/host.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/panel/host.test.mjs
@@ -472,6 +472,24 @@ test('native connecting phases retain output observation; idle starts before fir
   assert.equal(adapter.stops, 1);
 });
 
+test('a failed typed turn keeps follow-up memory; a stop or voice error clears it', async (t) => {
+  let resets = 0;
+  const runner = async () => ({ ok: true });
+  runner.resetConversation = () => resets++;
+  const f = mounted(t, { runner });
+  const adapter = f.instances[0];
+  adapter.getStartOptions = () => ({ textOnly: true });
+  await f.commands.session.start({ textOnly: true });
+  adapter.hooks.emit({ type: 'state', state: 'error', detail: 'Busy' });
+  assert.equal(resets, 0, 'the typed conversation continues');
+  f.commands.session.stop();
+  assert.equal(resets, 1);
+  adapter.getStartOptions = () => ({});
+  await f.commands.session.start();
+  adapter.hooks.emit({ type: 'state', state: 'error', detail: 'Lost' });
+  assert.equal(resets, 2);
+});
+
 test('the voice inactivity timeout never ends a typed chat session', async (t) => {
   const f = mounted(t, { native: true });
   const adapter = f.instances[0];
diff --git a/src/voice/sessionCommands.js b/src/voice/sessionCommands.js
index 543c8ea6b..12f0efac4 100644
--- a/src/voice/sessionCommands.js
+++ b/src/voice/sessionCommands.js
@@ -166,7 +166,12 @@ export function createVoiceCommands({
   const reticle = pointer ? createReticle(pointer) : null;
   const updatePointer = session.subscribe((event) => {
     reticle?.handle(event);
-    if (event.type === 'state' && ['idle', 'error'].includes(event.state)) {
+    // A failed typed turn ends only that reply; its conversation continues.
+    if (
+      event.type === 'state' &&
+      (event.state === 'idle' ||
+        (event.state === 'error' && !adapter.getStartOptions?.().textOnly))
+    ) {
       pointer?.clear();
       referents?.clear();
       // Conversation memory ("those", "the last answer") ends with the
diff --git a/src/voice/textChat.js b/src/voice/textChat.js
index 76a73319a..72332467a 100644
--- a/src/voice/textChat.js
+++ b/src/voice/textChat.js
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ const HISTORY_BYTES = 180000;
 const REQUEST_BYTES = 512 * 1024;
 // Results from earlier turns keep their outcome and say line, not their records.
 const COMPACT_RESULT_BYTES = 1500;
+const NOT_RUN = { ok: false, skipped: true, reason: 'reply-stopped' };
 const PARTIAL_NOTE =
   'This reply stopped before it finished. The map actions above already ran.';
 
@@ -159,15 +160,29 @@ export function createTextChat({
     // A turn that stops after some map actions ran keeps them, closed by a
     // note, so the next message knows they happened.
     let settled = 0;
+    // The round in progress: its calls, and the results of those that ran.
+    let openRound = null;
     partial = {
       owner,
       keep() {
-        if (settled)
-          history = [
-            ...past,
-            ...contents.slice(0, settled),
-            protocol.note(PARTIAL_NOTE),
-          ];
+        const ran = openRound?.pairs.length ? contents.length : settled;
+        if (!ran) return;
+        // Calls that never ran are answered as skipped, so every call in the
+        // kept history stays paired with a result.
+        const closing = openRound?.pairs.length
+          ? protocol.results(
+              openRound.calls.map(
+                (call, index) =>
+                  openRound.pairs[index] ?? { call, result: NOT_RUN },
+              ),
+            )
+          : [];
+        history = [
+          ...past,
+          ...contents.slice(0, ran),
+          ...closing,
+          protocol.note(PARTIAL_NOTE),
+        ];
       },
     };
     const encode = () =>
@@ -279,6 +294,7 @@ export function createTextChat({
         totalCalls += calls.length;
         if (totalCalls > 16) throw tooManySteps('Tool limit');
         const pairs = [];
+        openRound = { calls, pairs };
         const invalid = new Map(
           (data.invalidCalls || []).map((item) => [item.index, item.error]),
         );
@@ -387,6 +403,7 @@ export function createTextChat({
         }
         contents.push(...protocol.results(pairs));
         settled = contents.length;
+        openRound = null;
       }
       throw tooManySteps('Round limit');
     } catch (error) {
@@ -404,23 +421,31 @@ export function createTextChat({
               ? t(
                   'The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.',
                 )
-              : error?.code === 'RATE_LIMITED' || error?.status === 429
-                ? t('Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.', {
-                    seconds: Math.min(error.retryAfter || 60, 3600),
-                  })
-                : error?.status === 504 || owner.signal.aborted
-                  ? t('Connection timed out. Try again.')
-                  : error?.incomplete
-                    ? t('Reply interrupted. You can try again.')
-                    : error?.tooManySteps
-                      ? applied
-                        ? t(
-                            'That request needed too many steps. Changes already made to the map stay in place.',
-                          )
-                        : t(
-                            'That request needed too many steps. Try a simpler request.',
-                          )
-                      : t('Could not connect. Try again.'),
+              : error?.code === 'ACCESS_DENIED'
+                ? t(
+                    "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.",
+                  )
+                : error?.code === 'QUOTA_EXCEEDED'
+                  ? t(
+                      'The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.',
+                    )
+                  : error?.code === 'RATE_LIMITED' || error?.status === 429
+                    ? t('Too many chat requests. Try again in {seconds} s.', {
+                        seconds: Math.min(error.retryAfter || 60, 3600),
+                      })
+                    : error?.status === 504 || owner.signal.aborted
+                      ? t('Connection timed out. Try again.')
+                      : error?.incomplete
+                        ? t('Reply interrupted. You can try again.')
+                        : error?.tooManySteps
+                          ? applied
+                            ? t(
+                                'That request needed too many steps. Changes already made to the map stay in place.',
+                              )
+                            : t(
+                                'That request needed too many steps. Try a simpler request.',
+                              )
+                          : t('Could not connect. Try again.'),
       );
     } finally {
       recordUsage(null);
diff --git a/src/voice/textChat.test.mjs b/src/voice/textChat.test.mjs
index b88ce47e1..4b705a8ec 100644
--- a/src/voice/textChat.test.mjs
+++ b/src/voice/textChat.test.mjs
@@ -136,6 +136,45 @@ for (const provider of ['openai', 'gemini']) {
     h.chat.stop();
   });
 
+  test(`${provider}: Stop during the second action keeps the first, pairing the rest as skipped`, async () => {
+    let runs = 0;
+    const h = harness(
+      provider,
+      (n) => (n === 1 ? w.calls(2) : w.final('Done')),
+      {
+        runAction: () => (++runs === 1 ? { ok: true } : new Promise(() => {})),
+      },
+    );
+    h.chat.start();
+    h.chat.sendText('Do both');
+    await settle();
+    assert.equal(runs, 2);
+    assert.equal(h.chat.cancelTurn(), true);
+    h.chat.sendText('Continue');
+    await settle();
+    const items = w.items(h.requests[1]);
+    assert.deepEqual(w.userTexts(items), ['Do both', 'Continue']);
+    const results =
+      provider === 'openai'
+        ? items
+            .filter((item) => item.role === 'tool')
+            .map((item) => JSON.parse(item.content))
+        : items.flatMap((item) =>
+            item.parts
+              .filter((part) => part.functionResponse)
+              .map((part) => part.functionResponse.response),
+          );
+    assert.equal(results.length, 2);
+    assert.equal(results[0].ok, true);
+    assert.equal(results[1].skipped, true);
+    const note = items.at(-2);
+    assert.match(
+      provider === 'openai' ? note.content : note.parts[0].text,
+      /map actions above already ran/,
+    );
+    h.chat.stop();
+  });
+
   test(`${provider}: cancelTurn aborts only the reply in progress`, async () => {
     let toolSignal;
     const h = harness(
@@ -210,6 +249,24 @@ for (const provider of ['openai', 'gemini']) {
       () =>
         t('The provider rejected the API key. Check it in Provider Settings.'),
     ],
+    [
+      502,
+      { error: 'Refused', code: 'ACCESS_DENIED' },
+      {},
+      () =>
+        t(
+          "The provider refused access for this key. Check the key's project, region or permissions.",
+        ),
+    ],
+    [
+      502,
+      { error: 'Refused', code: 'QUOTA_EXCEEDED' },
+      {},
+      () =>
+        t(
+          'The provider account is out of credit. Check its billing, or choose another AI Provider in Settings.',
+        ),
+    ],
     [
       429,
       { error: 'Refused', code: 'RATE_LIMITED' },